Thesis research and project book

; p

; p

REFORMULATING STREAMS THE ROLE OF ARCHITECTURE AT THE INTERSECTION OF SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS

RESEARCH DOCUMENT AS PREPARATION FOR THE DESIGN THESIS IN ARCHITECTURE SARA M. AGUDELO SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE Primary Advisor | Julie Larsen Secondary Advisor | Fernando Sanin

Thesis

Contention

Learning Probes

Dams|Retaining Walls|Channeled Streams| Stepwells Ecological: Water Detention | Water Filtration

Structure-of-the-Problem

World’s Population| Density of the World Urban + Slum Population | Displaced Population Migration | Medellin’s Population Growth Medellin, Colombia Informal Development | Implications The Movement

Structure-of-the-Systems

Integrated Systems- Schools Integrated Library Park System Architecture and Urbanism Metropolitan Green Belt System |Settlements Transportation System Hydrology System La Iguana Stream System La Madera Stream System La Iguana Stream Subdivisions Sites

Synthesis

Active Learning Facility Architecture Characteristics Architecture + Environment Characteristics Sheetflow Interflube

Drainage basin

Displaced settlements have resulted in nodes of informal densities along the hydrology system in Medellin, Colombia. Through the inquisition of prevailing earthworks, and water management and filtration, my thesis aims to look at these proliferating densities and derive a sustaining urban form that restructures and celebrates the character leading to the rejuvenation of the corridors to the Medellin River. Architecture can participate in existing systems by offering agency through alternative models of urban development that maximizes urban relationships with the natural resources.

Thesis

Contention

Spillway Construction

Spillway

Intermediate Block Wall

Pit

Cofferdam

Main Dam Construction

Spillway Construction

Cofferdam

Cofferdam

Cofferdam

STAGE 1

STAGE 2

STAGE 3

STAGE 4

>50 Ft. in height

Capacity >10,000 acre-Ft. Learning probes start without a comprehensive understanding of all issues relating to the design.

The design generates information used to explore the issues and understand the interplay of elements. The example starts with what known in its most basic form—what type of structure is needed to support the water flow. The information is used to “play” with the various elements of the structure and evaluate the results and effects within the design.

Learning Probes

Dams

LARGE

20 Ft.- 50 Ft. <20 Ft. in height

Capacity <100 acre-Ft. SMALL

DAM FORMS •Most made of reinforced concrete.

•Used in arrow rocky locations •Require less material

•Gigantic dams •Use concrete •Expensive to build

•Huge dams made of earth and rock with a dense, waterproof core

PURPOSES Reduces sediment transport Stores water for drinking or irrigation Alters and diverts flow of water water Generates power from hydroelectric dams

Arch

Buttress

Gravity

Embankment

Reservoir Powerhouse

Dams

Generator

House

Intake River

Intake

Beaver-Dam

Different dam forms and sizes are found within nature, even from natural processes such as beaver dams. Dams are sometimes structures built by engineers to block the flow of water and help hold or direct water as it's needed. They protect people by controlling flooding in low-lying areas and help us get the water we need for drinking or growing crops. They also control the flow of water energy that makes hydroelectric power. The lakes created by dams are sometimes places where people can go swimming, boating or fishing.

Penstock Turbine

River

Hydroelectric

Layers of Sand Deposited in the Reservoir Stage5

Stage4

Stage3 Stage2 Original River Bed

Power lines

Stage1

Small Sand-Dam Construction

Dam Built in Stages

During the last few years, ground-water dams (ex. Sand Dams) have received considerable attention as a method of overcoming water shortage in regions with arid and tropical climates.

Benefits:

Water Storage Good for Consumption Water infiltration Reduces Siltation

Learning Probes

Dams

Often architecturally significant, the monumental step-wells serve as water storage and irrigation tanks.Stepwells were first used as an art form by the Hindus and then popularized under Muslim rule. Builders dug deep trenches into the earth for year-round groundwater and then lined the walls of these trenches with blocks of stone. The surrounding inclined subterranean passageways were carved for shade and were ornamented.

They design steps into the pond of water to make it accessible to people, to provide a relief from daytime heat as a leisure activity, social gatherings and religious ceremonies.

Learning Probes

Stepwells

PURPOSES Stores water for drinking washung, and collection Leisure cooling, bathing, ritual and relief Social gatherings and religious ceremonies Women were associated to prayed and offered gifts to the goddess of the well for their blessings.

Stepwells

LIVINGSTON. M (2002) Step to water: the ancient stepwells of india. New York, Princeton Architectural Press. pp 114

LIVINGSTON. M (2002) Step to water: the ancient stepwells of india. New York, Princeton Architectural Press. pp 143

Learning Probes

Stepwells

PURPOSES •Designed to restrain soil to unnatural slopes •The walls must resist the lateral pressures generated by loose soils •Bounds soils between two different elevations

Angle of Repose: the maximun angle of stability the retaining wall needs to resist before it collaps.

Walls

CONFIGURATIONS

Gravity

Learning Probes

Retaining Walls

Piling

Cantilever

Anchored

CARABOBO STREAM Medellin Example

•Classic engineer approach: channel streams forcing the water to travel in a greater velocity with more friction.

•This moves the water down stream so that the individual house owner doesn’t have to deal withthe stream.

•As a result moving the water too fast damages the corridors - velocity tears down the banks, thus causes flooding down stream.

•This solution does not do anything to solve water quality issues.

Section

THE ENGINEERING SOLUTION

THE ENGINEERING SOLUTION Meadowbrook Stream, Syracuse, NY

Stream is straightened, narrowed into a tight and deep channel and hardened with rocks instead of concrete to resist erosion. This encourages rapid flow down the stream.

Channels

CROSS-SECTIONAL CHANNEL CONFIGURATION

Box

Vee

Trapezoid

Parabola

Learning Probes

Channels

Drop-structure made from soil mixed with concrete The better solution: small drop-structures with water-detaining, flow-slowing impoundments along naturalized stretches of stream

When it begins raining there is a time lag of water concentration.

The storm water enters the stream and it eventually reaches a peak before declining in quantity. When a stream is paved it shortens the time lag forcing the stream to reach the peek quicker and increasing the flood level. Detention of storm water on site lowers the level of flood down the stream instead of being forced by gravity. The peak of flood is flattened out and it is extended over a longer period of time. If instead the water was retained you will have the original quantity of water.

Learning Probes

Water Detention

STORM WATER Channeled Stream Detention of Storm water Standard Stream

TIDE

ECOLOGICAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES •Positive drainage by force of gravity •Stable soil conditions •Minimize runoff by maximizing inflitaration and utilization of natural storage •Minimize Contamination •Protect natural components

Ecological

Elevational differences cause a water gradient in a wetland that results in zonation of wetland plant species

Constructed wetlands are thought of as biological fliters to reduce water contamination. They also act as buffers to slow down water force in water streams.

Wet Meadow

Shallow Marsh

Deep Marsh

Wetlands

Natural streams and ponds are to be used as models for design solutions instead of the engineer solution.

NATURAL WATER FILTRATION

Overflow spillway

Forebay

Hardened Pad

Inflow

Native vegetation

Outflow

Filtration Pool

Embankment

Maintenance access road

Overflow spillway Riser

Inflow Overflow spillway Forebay

Barrel

Pool Filter Diaphragm

Outflow

Wet pond

Learning Probes

Water Filtration

WORLD POPULATION GROWTH | 1950- 2030 Urban

5.5 5 4.5

"Every year the urban population increases by 80 million, equivalent to the population of Germany" Lars Reutersward, an architect and director of the global division at UN Habitat

4 3.5

Rural

3 2.5 2 1.5 1 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

YEARS

UNITED STATES 228M MEXICO 74M

The earth’s urban population has surpassed the rural. This unprecedented unorganized demographic growth has been adversely affecting the natural processes of the planet. The current scale of poverty on the planet has overwhelmed the capacity of the formal market to incorporate the masses of impoverished settlers arriving to urban centers all over the world. The informal city now serves as the place for up to one-third of the planet’s urban population. A tendency that can be observed within the context of Medellin’s urban peripheries, disturbed by a massive growth of displaced population as a result of the continuing political violence. Architects must prepare to embrace a new build environment that does not follow pre-planned urbanism but that of the informagrowth of slums and its un-sustainable effects on the foundations of life. Occupancy patterns continue, dictating the urgency to address such basic issues as urban services, public spaces, and waste and water management.

Structure-of-the-Problem

World’s Population

BRAZIL 141 M

RUSSIA 106M

DENSITY OF THE WORLDS MEGACITIES 2000

CHINA 453M

JAPAN 83M

INDIA 288M

Densest Denser

INDONESIA 86 M

Dense Some Density

As urban populations grow, cities get denser.

Structure-of-the-Problem

Density of the World

Medellin is the thresholds of 216,288 forced displaced individuals. This human mobility is a response to the danger posed by acts of Guerilla wars and by armed forces. Woman and men find themselves forced to leave the familiar, rural agricultural areas such as Magdalena Medio, Bajo Cauca y Urabá, to the unfamiliar city where they have no family or friends in hope of seeking safety.

Urban peripheries and open land areas are spaces available for the location of these people, where each of the families self-construct their homes as a place of refuge from the uprooting. From a bottom-up construction on the sloping terrain, blurring the boundary between nature and urban fabric, their new homes emerge from available materials such as reinforced masonry, blocks, and scrap metal. Of the 216,288 displaced individuals, 82 percent live in chronic poverty[1] generating a permanent nomadism. This unprecedented increase in masses, is radically transforming the city while arising issues of growth and sprawl. However, the main concern here is not limited to the changes taking place within the displaced populations but rather on the impact of such changes on the larger geographic location and thus on “urbanity”.

Structure-of-the-Problem

Urban + Slum Population

TOTAL URBAN POPULATION VS. POPULATION LIVING IN SLUMS

“Twenty years from now, the total global population is forecast to increase to eight billion, of whom five billion will be living in cities, two billion of them in slums.”

3%

27%

41% Slums

Cities 1950 | 0,08 BILLION

2000 | 1 BILLION

2030 | 2 BILLION

MEDELLINâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S DISPLACED FROM RURAL REGIONS

216,288 forced dis-

52,769 homes

placed individuals registered in Agst 2011

4.09 persons per home 82 % live in

chronic poverty

47% of the total

popultation RUPD

MEDELLIN

MAIN AREAS EXPULSION OF DISPLACED POPULATION 2004-2006 Municipalities with greater quantity and intensity of displaced population Municipalities with greater quantity only Municipalities with greater intensity only

Structure-of-the-Problem

Displaced Population

2.5 M

2.0 M

1.5 M

With a population in the metropolitan area of 3.5 million inhabitants, Medellin is the second largest city in Colombia. During the 1930s the city used to be the core of Colombia’s industry making it an attractive urban place for migrants from the rural areas. With the 1950’s undeclared civil war, a period called “la violencia” 1949-1958, these migrations were augmented. The city industries were able to support the migration until changes in the global economy took place. These industries became uncompetitive in the global markets due to ineffective import-substitution national economic policies. The continued migrations, remained steady, a product of the national conflict that is still present today. Contrary to misconceptions the growth of slums in Medellin is not the product of a lack of planning. By 1950 when migrations started to flood the city, Medellín had fully implemented a variety of master plans. Subsequent, the government contracted a new master plan to Paul Lester Wiener and Josep Lluis Sert. This plan failed to forecast the scale of growth that flooded the city the next few decades. Most visible was the effect in the formal housing market for all sectors of the population.

Structure-of-the-Problem Migration

1M

5,000

1895 1900 1905 1

1800

1847

MEDELLIN’s POPULATION GROWTH | 1895- 2020 MASTER PLAN

4,950

-Displaced

1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

1909

1932

1950

1955

YEARS

1985

2000

Structure-of-the-Problem

Medellin’s Population Growth

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION| Tropical Zone

Tropic of Cancer

Equator

ANTIOQUIA Tropic of Capricorn Tropical rainforest climate Located at 5,000 ft above sea level The city's average annual temperature 72 °F Temperatures range from 59 to 86 °F

The metropolitan area of Medellín lies within the Aburrá valley at an elevation of 1,500 meters (about 4921 feet) and is bisected by the Medellín River (also called Porce), which flows northward.

2nd largest city in Colombia after Bogota 3.5 Million People Area of 382 km² (237 square miles) 16 comunas (districts) 5 corregimientos (townships) 271 barrios (neighborhoods) 56 settlements, of which 40% are in the North-East and Central-West

Structure-of-the-Problem

Medellin, Colombia

COLOMBIA

SOUTH AMERICA MEDELLIN ABURRA VALLEY

Uraba Port

Santafe de Antioquia

Aburra Valley

Rionegro

Magdalena River

Bello

Copacabana

North

North

West

East

Central Western

6

Central Eastern

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Comuna 2 - S anta Cruz

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Comuna 3 - Manrique

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Comuna 4 - Aranjuez Comuna 6 - Doce de Octubre

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Comuna 15 - Guayabal

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Ground of Expansion

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Urban Townships (corregimientos) San Antonio de Prado y San Cristobal Institutional Areas Metro Metrocable

Contactâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s House Violence

Displacement from Rural Origen

Medellin Return

Refuge | shelter Settlement

Organic Sprawl

On the Valley of Aburra, the city of Medellin began informal development beyond the banks of the Medellin River and climbed the steep slopes onto high-risk soils segmented by streams. Inevitably the population continues to grow towards inhabitable terrains wearing off its resources and contaminating its waters. However, because of the extreme slopes and weak soil the displaced are at higher risks of catastrophic and unpredictable events such as landslides and washouts certainly evicting from their self-built homes at any given time.

Medellin presents the challenge of how to apply architecture to effectively address the tangible aspects of sustainable practice and mold the social character of the local communities and its environment.

Structure-of-the-Problem Informal Development

Deforestation

Land Erosion

Earthquakes

Landslides

Land implications

With a 98 kilometers distance, the MedellĂ­n River rises in the top of San Miguel in the town of Caldas and it intersects the Valley of Abura before flowing into the Grande River. The first manifestations of pollution in the AburrĂĄ Valley initially were felt in the 60 streams that are located in the most densely populated areas of MedellĂ­n and then it flowed into the river without any treatment. The presence of these streams made it easy for the community to get rid of liquid and solid wastes. As time passed, and with the pressure of high population growth and industrial wastewater discharges the pollution exceeded the limits of the river, generating serious sanitary, biological, environmental and aesthetic problems around it and in close proximity to the streams. Sand mining and dumping of sewage from the city also made the hydrologic system to be very polluted. Today, there is no aquatic life in the hydrologic system and the appearance and odor are affecting the population.

Direct discharge of residential + industrial water to channels

Odor |aesthetics

Contamination

No life| Oxygen

Overflow

Water implications Structure-of-the-Problem

Implications

THE MOVEMENT

With an investment of $ 662 million, the Department of the Environment recovers public spaces in the districts 8, 9,10 and 14 of the city.

Stream Intervention Photographer: Cleanliness Committee of Medellin

La Madera p

RIVER FLOW NORTH

La Seca

La Rosa | Moscu p

La Quintana

Cavaneral | El Zancudo El Bermejala

La Malpaso

La Chorrera | El Molino

La Iguana p p

La Honda

Ana Diaz Santa Elena p La Picacha p

Altavista p

Notably there is no oxygen in the Medellin river on the south side near the Aguacatala Metro Station. However during the summertime the strong odors produced appear to be improving with the opening of a water treatment center south of the Aburra Valley.This is why the mayor of Medellin, with the help of the Metropolitan Area, have planned a contingency plan, which envisages the creation of two central wastewater treatment, and the prohibition of throwing wastewater directly into the river without having had minimal treatment. Hence the problem is still present and there are no water treatment directly in the streams.

La Guayabala La Poblada La Presidenta p p

MEDELLIN RIVER

La Aguacatala p p La Zuniga

FLUENT STREAMS NAMES

p p Fluent | Regular Quality p Fluent|Bad Quality

'

RIVER FLOW NORTH MEDELLIN RIVER

PONCE RIVER

ATLANTIC OCEAN

Medellin has undergone an internationally renowned urban transformation. The city has opted to use architecture and urbanism as a tool for social development with physical, functional, social results, and attitude/pride changes. The city's urban development initiated with the administration of mayors Luis Perez (2000 and 2003), Sergio Fajardo (2003-2007) and Alonso Salazar (2007-2011). The plan was designed as a comprehensive strategy that has transformed the city with solutions to mobility, governance, education, public space and green areas. The primary aim is to recuperate marginalized neighborhoods of the city where the displace population lives that were once dominated by paramilitaries or groups other than the government. Transformation happens not through individual projects but through large-scale integration of systems executed under the Integral Urban Project (PUI), the Land Use Plan (POT) and the Master Plan for Green zones. The neighborhoods have been stitched through the implementation of structuring infrastructure for instance cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s gondola system, Metro- Cable, in the first PUI in the northeast of Medellin. Which become catalysts to smaller public space projects and other infrastructure interventions around a specific area.In most cases Park-Libraries, schools and public spaces have been of great success for the settlements?

Currently there are three integrated projects in motion, the PUI of Comuna 13, the PUI of the Northwest area and, the PUI of the central eastern district.

Structure-of-the-Systems

Integrated Systems- Schools

Santa Elena

07 Manrique Popular Santa Cruz

05

Castilla

01

Buenos Villa Hermosa Aires

02

10

Aranjuez

Poblado

La Candelaria Envigado Doce de Octubre

Guayabal Laureles Estadio

San Cristobal

Robledo

Altavista

03

San Javier

;

08

public functions education

government infrastructure architect

p

04 San Antonio de Prado

09

community input

06

Belen La America

Itagui

public spaces integration of the city

a sense of community

reduce crime

s ion t a v no e R f ools o h c k S r ting two Ne 28 Exis of 1 ols w Scho e N 0 1 rk of Netwo

01

02

Network of 5 library parks

New Schools

Colegio Joaquin Vallejo Arbelaez LLanadas, los Mangos, Golondrinas, Enciso, y la Ladera | Oscar Mesa | 2007

Colegio Francisco Miranda Moravia, Miranda, Oasis, el Bosque, Aranjuez| Laureano Forero | 2001

06

07

Colegio Jaider Ramirez El Salado, Eduardo Santos, Antonio Narino, Nuevos Conquistadores, la Independencia, 20 de julio| Felipe Uribe de Bedout| 2007

03

04

05

08 Colegio Las Mercedes Las Mercedes, la Violetas, y Los Alpes, la Palma, la Villa | Juan Manuel Pelรกez 2007

Colegio Plaza de Ferias Barrios Hector Abad, Plaza Colon y Toscana | Carlos Julio Calle | 2007

Colegio Antonio de Prado Corregimiento San Antonio de Prado, La Pradera, Rosaleda, Aragon y Pradito| Gabriel Arango|2007 Colegio Santo Domingo Savio y Antonio Derka SantoDomingo, La Avanzada, Granizal, La Candelaria, Carpinelo, la Torre y el Trebol | Carlos Pardo | 2007

Colegio Debora Arango Altavista, el Concejo, Jardin, la Esperanza, Guacharaco| Juan Fernando Forero| 2007

Colegio Benedikta Zur Nieden San Javier, Campo Alegre, La America| Horacio Navarro| 2007

09 Colegio Hector Abad Gomez Boston , Caicedo| Rafael Alonso Garcia 2007

10

Structure-of-the-Systems

Integrated Systems- Schools

Santa Elena Manrique

Aranjuez Popular Santa Cruz

Buenos Villa Hermosa Aires

Aranjuez

Castilla

Poblado La Candelaria Envigado

Doce de Octubre

'

San Cristobal

Guayabal

Aranjuez Laureles Estadio

Itagui

Network of 5 library parks

Robledo Belen La America San Antonio de Prado Altavista San Javier

Metro Metr oC

able Parque Bilbioteca Sacerdote José Luis Arroyave Restrepo in San Javier.

Architect: Javier Vera Londoño.

Metro Cable

Strategically placed in peripheral areas where there’s a need for education and culture integration.

Localized near a public transportation infrastructure and near enviromental systems.

San Javier (Comuna 13)

Structure-of-the-System

Integrated Library Park System

2006

San Antonio de Prado 2011 (Comuna 80)

Guayabal (Comuna 15)

Parque Biblioteca Leon de Greiff in la Ladera. Architect: Giancarlo Mazzanti

Parque Biblioteca Tomas Carrasquilla in Quintana, Architect: Ricardo La Rotta Caballero.

MetroPlus phase 3

Parque Biblioteca Espana in Santo Domingo Savio

(part of the PUI Northeast). Architect: Giancarlo Mazzanti Metro Cable Line K

Parque Biblioteca Belen in Belen, Architect: Hiroshi Naito y EDU Architects (Empresa de Desarrollo Urbano)

Parque Biblioteca Doce de Octubre, Competition winner. Design by

Diego L贸pez Chalarca and architects (Comuna 6)

MetroPlus phase 1

Parque Biblioteca San Cristobal, Competition winner.

Design by Orlando Garcia. (Comuna 60) Villa Hermosa (Comuna 8)

2007

Robledo ( Comuna 7)

2007

Popular (comuna10

Bel茅n (Comuna 16)

2008

2008

Present

"Architecture has transformed Medellin" -Jaime Sarmiento, El Colombiano Newspaper

Medellín First Master Plan,

spearheaded by architects Paul Lester Wiener and José Luis Sert.

Political violence

1991 the number of homicides in Medellín was 381 for every 100,000 inhabitants. By 2005 that number had dropped to 34

Metro

1990’s

1995

Structure-of-the-System

Architecture and Urbanism

Parque de los Pies Descalzos, or Barefoot Park, by architect Felipe

Plan de Ordenamien- Uribe de Bedout to Territorial (POT), and Commissioned by

reigned in Colombia’s countryside incited a large rural-urban migration urbanizing the Northeast sector of the valley with farm settlements and classical spanish planning.

1950’s

Law 388 compelled all Colombian city councils to draft a public-space renovation plan, called put it into action within a three-year term.

Empresas Públicas de Medellín (EPM)

1997

1999

Mayor Sergio Fajardo was elected.

Uribe’s Parque de los Deseos in

commissioned by EPM and located in the north district of the city.

2003

MEDELLIN’S URBAN TRANSFORMATION TIMELINE

Metro Cable- Gondolas Uribe’s EPM Library and Parque de la Luz, by architect Juan Manuel Peláez, rose side by side

Mayor Sergio Fajardo was reelected.

Museum of Science and Technology, and

another public plaza for the International Convention Center,

By Mazzanti, Daniel Bonilla and Rafael Esguerra

Metropolitan Directives of Territo- Biblioteca España by architect Giancarlo Mazzanti’s rial Planning were indorse. the preservation and/or construction of natural features and public and private structures and help blur, through democratized spaces, the strict lines that traditionally have been drawn between the classes. It initiated policies and a variety of projects, from new waterfronts and plazas to social programs, such as public libraries and schools, strategically placed in degraded neighborhoods.

Parque Explora- Explor Park by Alejandro

Master plans for some neighborhoods and libraries competition winning scheme that will incorporate outdoor public spaces in the north and northwest metropolitan areas.

2008

Present

Echeverri in the north district.

Botanic Garden’s renovation in the

north district: Orquideorama, by architects Felipe Mesa, Alejandro Bernal, J. Paul Restrepo, and Camilo Restrepo.

2004

2005

2006

2007

+

“A denser city is much more sustainable”

=

Diffused

Mayor Annibal

Compacted

Don Matias San Pedro de los Milagros Barbosa

San Jeronimo

Concepcion

Girardota Bello Ebejico

Copacabana San Vicente Guarne El Penol

MEDE LL ÍN

Heliconia Itagui

Sprawl of informal settlements towards environmentally protected areas such as Park Arvi and Park Occidente becomes a concern for the government and environmentalists. In order to facilitate environmental protection Mayor Ánibal Gaviria Correa proposes the construction of a large linear park bordering the peripheral of the Aburrá Valley.

The linear park will have a width of 100 to 150 meters and will serve as a meeting point between the urban and rural. During his tenure as governor of Antioquia he named the zone the Central Park of Antioquia, a large reserve area to ensure the survival of natural resources and in turn allow life in the Valley of Aburrá for future generations.

Structure-of-the-Systems

Metropolitan Green Belt System

Angelopolis

Marinilla

Envigado Sabaneta La Estrella

Caldas

Rionegro El Santuario

El retiro

Amaga

Venecia Montebello Santa Barbara Fredonia

Central Park of Antioquia Park Arvi Park Occidente

Unorganized demographic growth (SPRAWL)

Population Displacement

Emerges

The Metropolitan Green Belt

Social

Environmental

Block off

Seal blocks

Urban

Mobility

Exclude

Public Facilities Housing Concentrate Housing

The green belt is designed as a Central Park of Antioquia on a smaller scale. It takes into consideration the natural equilibrium and lack of land policies that generates high risk terrains with poor conditions and presents development possibilities in areas where the government almost hasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t been present. It will border the slopes of Medellin via a pedestrian path, a cycle route and a route only for public and electric transportation, taking into account the environmental concepts of a sustainable city. Will bring about recreational public facilities, education, sports and spaces for citizen encounter.

CONTAIN SPRAWL

Structure-of-the-Systems

Metropolitan Green Belt System

Washerwomen at one of the streams of MedellĂ­n, ca. 1920 (private collection)

Simplified geological map of the Aburrรก Valley and hillslope deposit and bedrock sample locations. The dotted line marks the border of the catchment. Inset at upper left: detailed sampling in the Iguana Stream valley; lower right: location in Colombia. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013795205001845

Channalized Portion of La Iguana Carrera 65 The IguanĂĄ Stream is divided into two parts.The first part up to Avenue 80 is of great risk of flooding to its neighbors because of their proximity to the stream and the second part is channeled without any problems which leads down to the river of MedellĂ­n.

The basin of the Iguana Stream is located in the west of the AburrĂĄ Valley.

The stream serves to extract resources for construction materials such as gravel or sand which has provided support to thousands of families that live near its bed.

In the past it was a site for excursions and tours, as there were puddles for recreation and the site served as a area for resting from work for many city dwellers.

In 1970, several materials were lost and two human lives were registered dead due to flooding of La Iguana stream.

Between 1980-90 there was an increase of tragic events in the area. A total of 1410 were homeless due to three occurrences of overflood of the stream.

1 In March 1982, partial and complete destruction of homes and 600 homeless people were registered when the level of water rose 6 meters.

2 In October 1986, the stream left 300 homeless people due to damming on overpasses by accumulation of materials and wastes.

3 In September 1988, there were 510 homeless people reported.

Approximate every 10 years there is an overgrowth in intensity which generates serious human losses due to flooding of the creek.

Socio-economic development this basin is of two characteristics, on the urban part of the stream, the city has evolved over time and it has invaded the entire bottom of the basin. On the rural area in the district of San Cristobal a small town was generated with many services and needs in the midst of a major rural area, where the main activity is agriculture.

Precipitation minimum values in the center of the city (1,338 mm / year), average values in the village of San Cristobal (1,668 mm / year) and maximum values in the area of Boqueron (2,059 mm / year).

Rarely there is an absence of rain for a period longer than 60 or 90 days.

Channeled section.

Energy dissipating structures along the channeled section.

Structure-of-the-System

Hydrology System : La Iguana Stream

LA IGUANA STREAM NEIGHBORHOOD STRUCTURE SYSTEMS ROBLEDO CASTILLA

ARANJUEZ SAN JAVIER

LAURELES ESTADIO LA AMERICA

Districts

LA CANDELARIOCENTRO

AL F ONSO L OPE Z

L OPE Z DE ME SA BE L L O HORIZONT E

PAJAR IT O CUCAR ACHO

PAL ENQUE FUE NT E CL AR A

L A P IL ARICA

SANT A MAR GAR IT A

ROBL EDO

BL ANQUIZAL OL AYA HE R R ER A

FACUL T AD DE MINAS

EL SOCOR RO EDUARDO SANT OS

Neighborhoods

ANT ONIO NAR INO

EL SAL ADO

VEINT E DE JUL IO

Infrastructure

SAN JAVIER No.2

SAN JAVIE R No.1

BAT AL L ON CUAR T A BR IGADA

CAL AS ANZ L OS AL CAZAR ES

L A P R ADE R A

EST ADIO SANT A L UCIA L A FL OR ES T A

CAMPO AL E GR E EL DANUB IO

EL VEL ODR OMO

AMER ICA L OS P INOS

PR OGR E SO PAR QUE J. EMIL IO

CAR IB E

VAL DER R AMA

SAN GER MAN L OS COL ORE S

CAL AS ANZ PAR T E AL T A SANT A ROSA DE L IMA ME T R OPOL IT ANO

BOSQUE S DE SAN PAB L O

FACUL T AD DE MINAS CE R R O FAC. VET E RINAR IA EL VOL ADOR Y ZOOT ECNIA U.DE.A

EL PES EB R E

FER R INI

JUAN XX III L A QUIE B RA

OL EODUCT O CE ME NT ER IO UNIVER SAL T ER MINAL DE T R ANS PORT E MOR AVIA

AL T AMIR A

VIL L A FL OR A

UNIVER SIDAD DE ANT IOQUIA

ECOP AR QUE CE R R O EL VOL ADOR

UNIVER SIDAD NACIONAL

CUAR T A BR IGADA 1115

U.D. AT ANAS IO GIRAR DOT

FL OR IDA NUE VA

EL CHAGUAL O JE SUS NAZAR E NO

CAR L OS E. RE ST R E PO SUR AME RICANA

NAR ANJAL

SAN BE NIT O

EST ACION VIL L A

Some inhabitants throw garbage and rubbish on to the stream beds.

The waste accumulates in the bed of the stream, causing floods and accelerating the erosion process of the waterway and flooding nearby houses. With the increased flow of the creek, after any rainy season the land of some homes have been destabilized and disable their use.

In the sites of particular interest, one can see the relationship between the risk of soil and flood. The sites are located at the overlap of geological, flood and landslide risks circled above. To be highlighted are also sites with mine licenses. These have a direct relationship with the basin based on their great proximity to La Iguana Stream and their assistance on the contamination of the water.

Structure-of-the-Systems

La Iguana Stream

LA IGUANA STREAM ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS SYSTEMS

Geological Risk

Mine licenses

STRATUM 3

STRATUM 1 STRATUM 2

STRATUM 4 INSTITUTIONAL AREA

STRATUM 5 STRATUM 3

The social stratums are structured inequalities between different groups of individuals. This ordering of the population is based on criteria according to the function they play in the social division of labor determined by the structure of popular domination. The social stratums appear to be inversely proportionate to the sloping of the topography. As the slopes become stepper and closer to the stream, the living quality decrease to the stratum one. In contrast the cultural heritage sites are closer to the center of the city, hence its accessibility to certain social groups.

Structure-of-the-Systems

La Iguana Stream

Top

og

rap

hy

Cla

ss S

tra

tum

s

LA IGUANA STREAM INFLICTING SYSTEMS

Cultural Heritage

Topography

STRATUM 3

STRATUM 1

Socioeconomic: stratum 1 (low-low), stratum 2 (low), stratum 3 (medium-low), stratum 4 (medium), 5 (medium-high).

STRATUM 2

STRATUM 4 INSTITUTIONAL AREA

STRATUM 5 STRATUM 3

Class Stratums

There are different public facilities available for the neighborhoods. Within the distribution of public equipment for instance sport equipment such as soccer fields must be in every neighborhood. However there are more public facilities towards the center of the city as opposed to the periphery. It is also evident that nearly all the waste control points are located next to a stream.

Structure-of-the-Systems

La Iguana Stream

LA IGUANA STREAM FIXED NETWORKS

Public Facilities

Air Control

Waste Control

The municipal entity has installed a network of pipes parallel to the river and its streams, which are responsible for collecting the dirty water that comes from the large number of industries from Caldas Barbosa. About 280 miles of collectors parallel to the streams have been built and 2806 km of secondary networks of interceptors parallel to the river.

Drainage

Atmospheric Pressure Isopleth

Structure-of-the-Systems

La Iguana Stream

Rainfall Isohyets

San Irineo

Guillermo Taborda Restrepo

San Juan Eudes

Clinic Cardiovascular

El Ecce Homo

Nuestra Sra. de los Colores Robledo

San Basilio

National U. Faculty of Mines

Clinic de la Bolivariana

IFM

Exito

Secretary of Transportation and transit

National U. Faculty of Veterinary and Zoology

Maria Rosa Mistica

Station

San German

4 winds Park Calazans Femenino

Emaus

Escolarte

Teresiano Nuestra Senora de la candelaria

Consejo de medellin la Inmaculada Park de la Floresta

la Presentacion de Nuestra sra.

Jesus Maria Nuestra Sra. de las Mercedes

Police

Educational

LibraryPark

San Atanasio

Centro de Fracturas de Ant. Unidad Deportiva Atanasio Girardot.

San Ignacio

San Antonio Maria Claret Plaza Minorista

Exito Colombia SENA San Benito

Carrefour la 65

Nuestra Sra. de las Mercedes

Supermarket

Park

SanJuan Bautista Precursor

Francisco San Rafael de la Serna Museum of Antioquia

Sculpture park

Site Analysis- Iguana Stream

I.E. Meastro Pedro Nel Gomez

Church

U. of Antioquia

National U. Nucleo del Rio

Cc. El Diamante

Station

North Park

Attorney of the Nation

Hill: El Volador

The 4th Brigade

Madre de la Divina Gracia

Hospital

Hospital Pablo Tobon Uribe

San Agustin

Station

U. Corporation Minuto de Dios

San Gregorio Magno

I.E. Diego Echavarria Misas

Cultural La Santa Madre de Dios

Police School

San Camilo de Lelis

Governmental

Site Comparison- Madera Stream

The Madera Stream divides the districts of Bello, Doce de Octubre (communa 6) and Castilla (communa 5). The area of Doce de Octubre is characterized by the massive informal settlements that have grown since the 50’s.

The topography slopes toward the “Cerro El Picacho”. In most parts the districts, for instance Doce de Octubre, lacks an adequate road infrastructure for public transportation. The Carrera 80 is the only corridor with acceptable specifications. The other routes which are used for public transportation routes (buses), by virtue of their design and construction with minimum standards, they are subject to deterioration and increasing vehicular traffic. This situation is worsened by the steepness of the slopes of the streets. In comparison with La Iguana Stream, this area has greater steepness, less public facilities hence the slopes and accessibility, it has no air control points, only one waste control point not in proximity to the stream and the zones with flood risks do not have any relationship with the geological risk soils

Structure-of-the-Systems

La Madera Stream System

Geological Risk

Rainfall Isohyets

STRATUM 3

STRATUM 2 STRATUM 1

INSTITUTIONAL AREA

Top

og

rap

hy

Cla

ss S

Structure-of-the-Systems

La Madera Stream System

tra

tum

s

http://www.ecbloguer.com/letrasanonimas/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/memoria_decapitada_sentamiento_medell in__1-topografia_picacho1.png

City limits + infrastructure

STRATUM 3

STRATUM 2 STRATUM 1

Class Stratums

Socioeconomic: stratum 1 (low-low), stratum 2 (low), stratum 3 (medium-low), stratum 4 (medium), 5 (medium-high).

Topography

INSTITUTIONAL AREA

Drainage

BELLO

DOCE DE OCTUBRE

CASTILLA

Districts

F L OR E N C I A LA F R O NT E R A L AS B R IS A S

EL T RIU N F O

T OS C A N A

DO CE D E O C T U B R E No . 1 S A N T A N DE R T EJELO

Structure-of-the-Systems

La Madera Stream System

Neighborhoods

LA

P R OGR E S O No . 2

MI R A D O R DE L DO CE

F R A N CIA

P E D R E GA L DO CE D E O C T U B R E No . 2

BO YA CA

PL AZ A DE F E R I A S

HE C T OR AB A D GOM E Z

Cultural Heritage

Public Facilities

Waste Control

Section 3

Structure-of-the-Systems

Iguana Stream Subdivisions

Section 2

Section 1

Section 1

Green System

Mobility

Section 2

POTENTIAL POINT OF INTERVENTION

Green System

Mobility

Section 3

POTENTIAL POINT OF INTERVENTION

Green System

Mobility

SITE 1

SITE 2

de Palmitas LLa a

Doce de Octubre Qu ebra da L

Qu ebra da L

Quebrada E l Ah

Ig ua na

Quebra da E l

Chagu

Que bra

Laureles - E s tadio ica ch a

La

La

o

L a H ue so

Qu eb ra da

La América

Ca no

aP

nia eta

Qu eb ra da L

B da ebra Qu

Quebrada Malpas

D ia z

La dr ille ra

Quebr ada Quebrada Hueso

Q ue br ad a

An a

S anJavier

d alado Cano E l S

Aranj

a Ig uan a

S anJavier

La Iguana Stream

Castilla

a an nt ui Q

a uan a Ig

a

Qu eb r ad aM init a

ez Gom

L da bra Que

T in

a da L bra Que

Robledo

Apartment complex

M al pa so

La

S an Cristóbal

ina jas o

aM inita

a ad br ue Q

Q ue br ad a

Qu eb ra da T

La Candelar Que bra da L

ore to

Quebrada Altavista

is t av Alt da ra eb u Q

Altavis ta

Belén Guayabal Qu ebra da L

d ra eb Qu

Soccer field School

S an Antonio de Prado

a

aO lleta

Queb rada La

E l Poblado C an o Sa nta

2.400

1.200

0

Mari a

Qu eb r ad aL

2.400 Meter ers

La Iguana Stream 5.6 K in a S.E. direction before it turns N.E. towards the Medellin river Total longitude 15 K

Structure-of-the-System

Hydrology System : La Iguana Stream

S

Qu

SITE 3

Doce de Octubre ueb rad aL

a Ig uan a

S anJavier

Quebrada Malpas

La

o

Quebr a

Ig ua na

Quebra da

L a H ue so

D ia z

Quebr ada Hueso

Laureles - E s tadio

Qu eb ra da L

aP

nia B eta

ica ch a

Qu eb ra da

La América

Ca no

da ebra Qu

Quebr ada

Q ue br ad a

An a

La dr ille ra

S anJavier

La

al Cano E l S

a an nt ui Q

Qu ebra da L

ez Gom

a uan a Ig

Ca

Qu eb r

a da L bra Que

Robledo L da bra Que

M al pa so

La

S an Cristóbal

in

aM inita

a ad br ue Q

Q ue br ad a

Qu eb ra da T

La Can Que bra da L

o

Quebrada Altavista

Altavis ta S an Antonio de Prado

is t av Alt da ra eb Qu

a

Belén Guayabal Qu ebr ada L

aO ll

Queb

E l Poblado C an o Sa nta

Structure-of-the-System

Hydrology System : La Iguana Stream

Mari a

Q

Residential

FLOOD

Waste control

Residential

Bodega EbanisterĂ­a Terpel y gazel

Structure-of-the-Systems

La Iguana Stream Site 3

Unidad de Maquinaria y Equipo

denial of a natural structure

total occupancy of stream beds and high proximity to the stream

predominance of channeled structures

intervened stream

natural stream

highly natural stream near a natural zone

EXISTING CONDITIONS

HYBRID CONDITIONS

BASIN EROSION

Safe drinking water is essential to humans and other life forms. Our actions and uses of the water system put a great pressure on the environment and degenerate our water supply. We need to protect and preserve natural sources of water.

We start by becoming aware of how our actions affect the quality and quantity of water and become educated oh how to minimize the impacts. Despite the historical implications of waste dumping in the streams of Medellin, Colombia a long-term solution can be at reach. The movement of cleaning the streams and reclaiming them as social spaces has already begun. The role of architecture on the systems embedded within this larger landscape is imperative in maximizing the potential the natural resources and social spaces can reach. A physical connection to the water in an active learning facility for land use interpretation and recycling sorting can indirectly have positive effects on the community and the physicality of the streams of Medellin.

Synthesis

Active Learning Facility

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Waste generated per person has grown from 0.2-0.5 kilograms a day 30 years ago to

0.5-1.00 kilograms a

day today.â&#x20AC;?

recycle

Environmental guidelines for the USAID latin america and caribbean bureau. (LAC)

waste

community input

;

government

public functions

infrastructure

library parks

linear parks

the green belt

p

architect

Synthesis

Active Learning Facility

public spaces

integration of the city

Embrace + Share : Active Learning Facility Educational+ Operational

Recretional + Service

Center for land use interpretation

Linear Park

Recycling center + sorting facility

Support spaces

Water filtration

Urban amenities

research exhibition

Social spaces

education

environmental awareness

a sense of community

land use interpretation center

learning center

recycling center + sorting facility

reduce crime + disorder

WHAT

repair e-waste

HOW

The Four Elements of Architecture Synthesis

Architecture Characteristics

CASTING

STUCTURING

GOTTFRIED SEMPER Hearth – fire, ceramics Roof – carpentry Enclosure – weaving Mound – stonemasonry

WEAVING

STACKING

Structure for Bridging neighborhoods, multi directional mobility, reaching the water, fixed

Public space for Park, greenery, recreational activities Casting – concrete, dams, channels, retaining walls Structuring – social spaces, bridges Weaving– plant material, skins, textile, aesthetics Stacking – stonemasonry, stepwells, retaining walls

ARCHITECTURE Space for Congregation, gathering, learning

Center for Recycle, waste management, water filtering

Underground Architecture + Sustainable Design 22/26 Points for LEED certification •Controlling erosion, sedimentation, and stormwater runoff; often, this is done by covering much of the site with vegetation.

•Reducing the environmental impact from the location of a building on a site; a recommended way of doing that is by designing a minimal footprint for the structure.

•Conserving existing natural areas or restoring damaged areas, which provides habitat and promotes biodiversity.

•Connecting indoor and outdoor spaces through the introduction of daylight and views •Reducing heat islands (temperature differences between developed and undeveloped portions of the site) that can alter the microclimate and human and wildlife habitat; suggested strategies include minimizing the building footprint and installing green roofs.

•Reducing energy use (going underground typically saves 5080 percent).

•Reducing light pollution; one suggested strategy is using low-reflectance surfaces.

•Other: up to four points can be added for innovations in design that substantially exceed a LEED performance credit, such as energy performance, or that address unlisted issues such as acoustic performance, education of occupants, and community development.

Synthesis

Architecture + Environment Characteristics

“Green is environmental” Mayor Annibal

Underground IN-OUTDOOR CONNECTION

Characteristics : Architecture + Environment

BUILDING EXAMPLES

Fisher Pavilion, Seattle, Washington

Building

24,000 sq-ft multipurpose pavilion supports a 19,000 sq-ft rooftop plaza for outdoor events.

Outdoor-Indoor Integration through a mobile glass wall.

Program

Characteristics

Energy savings are accomplished by the earth's thermal protection, and by decreased need for interior lighting.

Oakland Museum of California, Oakland, California 98,000 sq-ft complex houses three museums

Building

Program

this terraced, park-topped museum integrates the indoor and outdoor environments

the green roofs cools the roof, protects it from ultraviolet rays, and retains and uses rainwater

Characteristics

Mueller Hall, Seattle, Washington Materials Science and Engineering laboratory in the University of Washington

Building

Program

Underground with Sloping lawn for an open forecourt students to relax linned with large windows which lights up the offices and classrooms

Characteristics

Holaday Circuits, Hopkins, Minnesota

http://www.subsurfacebuildings.com/DiggingfortheGreen.html

Building

electronics manufacturing plant

77% underground, covered with vegetation that beautifies the community

Program

Characteristics

Reduces nighttime light pollution:lighting below grade areas in lieu of interior lighting that would escape toward the sky

CASTING

EDGE CONDITIONS

STUCTURING

water containment

water containment

stepping

STACKING

wetland sitting

cantilever

STACKING

WEAVING

FIXED CONDITIONS

sink

sink

STUCTURING

STUCTURING

stepping

cantilever

stepping

CASTING

sink cantilever

stepping

underground

weaving

cantilever

stacking

overhang

ground relation

overhang WEAVING

in+outdoors relationship

elevated STACKING

FIXED CONDITIONS

WETLAND FORMATION : Biomimicry

ROOF FORMATION : Climatic

Biomimicry studies nature's models and then uses these designs and processes to solve human problems.

Water movement in soil Sandy loam, loam or silt loam are the best soils for most agricultulture plants because the soilâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s porosity is moderate.

water flow

centrality

n

}

On Co to R lle ai cti nw on at Fo er un tai

OPERATIONS

Ca Sh st C ap on ed tre to te Gu Can ide op Ra y inw ate r

{

WETLANDS CONNECTED TO DRAINAGE SYSTEM FILTERS WATER

{

}

COMPONENTS

WETLAND PROTOTYPE Constructed wetlands are thought of as biological fliters to reduce water contamination.

They also act as buffers to slow down water force in water streams.

PAVILLION PROTOTYPE: Canopy + Fountain Detention of storm water on site lowers the level of flood down the stream instead of being forced by gravity.

modules containing sand

water containment

soccer field/ performance area

iv

Welcoming

attributes

Continuity

t

ble

e n ie n

ing

Conv

al

c t iv e

Wa

tu

Re

â&#x20AC;&#x153;G re e n â&#x20AC;?

Wa lka Si b l e tta bl e

iri

arm

H is to ri c

Attra

proactive zone

Sp

ab

le

d

Ch

Co

nn

te ec

lka

Pro

Safe Cle an

COMFORT + IMAGE

ACCESS + ity LINKAGE xim

ad

ACTIVE + EDUCATIONAL

intimate spaces plaza/ open space meeting points scenic overlook

Sustainable

PLACE

Acces sible

dynamic public space

l efu Us ous gen i Ind USES + to ry ACTIVITIES C e le b ra

es

k

SOCIABILITY

c ti v e

al

ac

Re

sp

e

e

at

rly

hip

ar

ndly

er

ds

rp

bo

ar

ea

PROGRAM

In te ra

op

ew

lin

Frie

igh

D iv e rs

St Co Ne

Fun Act ive Vit al Sp ec ia l

congregation

wetlands playground doggie area/park exercise area/park

ed

uc

io at

n

ce

nt

er

land use interpretation classrooms auxillary classrooms research lab lecture hall galleries/ exhibition

sorting facility recycling education classrooms

recycle center

both

integration/ connections

art + sculpture water features

en

g

e ag

me

nt

ut

ili

ty

sitting/ for singles, couples,& groups trees + plantings/ canopies, separators kiosks/ food vendors, comerce, repair shops lighting

pedestrian sidewalks/ circulation public ramp system site access bike route bridges

BUILDING FORMATION

PARTI DIAGRAM: Nesting Components are nested then stitched

PARTI DIAGRAM: Oscillation Layers of transparency as a way to blur the boundary

CIRCULATORY RAMP SYSTEM + ENTRY POINTS

LECT URE H ALL

on

:

NG

NI

AR

LE

FE

CA

LEA Res RNIN ear G: ch Hu b

EXH Per IBITIO ma nen N: t+ n

PROGRAM

INNOVATION + TRANSFERABILITY

A B C ‘s

LINEAR PARK ELEMENTS A RT/SCULPTURE B IKE STAND C ANOPY D RINKING FOUNTAIN E DGE CONDITION F ENCES/ WALLS G AZEBO H ANDRAIL I NTERACTIVE WALLS RETAINING J UNGLE GYM K IOSK L AMPS/ LIGHTING M ATERIALITY N ATURE PLANTINGS O VERPASSES P ATHS / SIDEWALK/ STEPS R AMP DESIGN S ITTING + FURNITURE S IGNAGE T RASH CANS WATER FEATURES/ WETLANDS

C ANOPY

F

ENCES/ WALLS

I

NTERACTIVE WALLS RETAINING

K IOSK

O VERPASSES P ATHS / SIDEWALK/ STEPS R AMP DESIGN S ITTING + FURNITURE

WATER FEATURES/ WETLANDS

MOBILITY Connectivity with a clear articulation between the pedestrian + traffic

ALLEVIATES FLOODING Manipulating and collecting water can ease flooding

SOCIAL Reclaims the stream as a place for human activity

EDUCATIONAL CENTER ELEMENTS