distribución porcentual de códigos de falla dtc encontrados en los diagnósticos obd2 de vehículos...

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DISTRIBUCIÓN PORCENTUAL DE CÓDIGOS DE FALLA DTC ENCONTRADOS EN LOS DIAGNÓSTICOS OBD2 DE VEHÍCULOS LIGEROS, MEDIANOS Y PESADOS A GASOLINA Y DIÉSEL DE LA CIUDAD DE LA PAZ EN EL PERIODO 2015-2019 Con el propósito de generar algo de conocimiento para la industria de la reparación automotriz, del servicio de diagnóstico profesional de vehículos que venimos realizando, se ha reunido la mayor parte de los diagnósticos obd2 de alrededor de 300 vehículos mayormente ligeros, varios medianos y algunos pesados de la ciudad de La Paz aunque algunos pocos del interior de Bolivia durante el periodo 2015-2019. Debido a que todos los escáneres profesionales empleados guardaron sus reportes en variados formatos de archivos como PDF, BMP y otros, se han aplicado tecnologías informáticas para localizar y extraer los códigos de diagnósticos de fallas (DTC) contenidos en dichos informes. Ha sido un trabajo relativamente largo de detallar y procesar. Luego, el total de los 2430 códigos de diagnósticos de falla encontrados han sido ordenados según su esquematización conforme el estándar obd2 para así poder ser contabilizados en pro de un cálculo porcentual de ocurrencia por tipo de falla.

Dis tribució n Po rcentual po r tipo de Có digo de Diagnó s tico de Falla (DTC) Enco ntrado s en lo s Diagnó s tic o s OBD2 de Vehículo s de La Paz Có digo tipo P

Asignac ió n Ocurrencia Po rcentual (powertrain) Sistema de conducción: electrónica del motor, 559 23.0 módulo selector electrónico, transmisión, etc

C B

(chasis) sistemas de tracción ABS, ASR, ETS, ESP y otros (carrocería) Sistemas del habitáculo: airbag, electrónica de encendido, techo solar, módulo eléctrico, consolas central inferior/superior, cuadro de instrumentos, audio/CD, parqueo asistido, Puertas, asientos, ventanas, Aire acondicionado, etc.

593 1171

24.4 48.2

U

de red o de comunicación de datos de un módulo de control electrónico a otro

107

4.4

2430

100

To tal

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Los porcentajes obtenidos indican que predominan en un 48% las fallas en los sistemas del habitáculo o carrocería lo cual se interpreta como fallas eléctricas y electrónicas. Luego, con un 24% de ponderación aparecen las fallas en los complejos sistemas de tracción como el ABS, ESP y otros; lo cual nos dice que son sistemas relativamente confiables. Con un 23% recién aparecen las fallas ligadas al motor y transmisión que encienden la luz “Check” lo cual indica que el sistema de conducción es más confiable en comparación con los sistemas de tracción y de confort. Finalmente, con un 5% aparecen las fallas relacionadas al funcionamiento del cerebro, módulos de control electrónico y conexiones o cableado asociado. Además se puede concluir que: 

Si todos los vehículos tuvieran que acudir al taller, lo harían más por fallas eléctricas.

Posiblemente, la electrónica de los vehículos modernos aún está muy imperfecta en el software y hardware.

A la hora de adquirir un vehículo hay que tener más cuidado con respecto a la magnitud de electrónica que pueda llevar.

En conjunto, el 50% de los códigos de diagnóstico de falla surgen del sistema de conducción y tracción, y el 50% restante salen de los sistemas de confort y otros que llevan complejidad eléctrica o electrónica.

Ante una contingencia, primero pueden verificarse las áreas eléctricas y electrónicas porque ocurren con mucha frecuencia.

Es mejor obtener herramientas de diagnóstico más especializadas en lo eléctrico o electrónico.

Nota.- Se diagnosticaron vehículos modernos inclusive del año anterior de fabricantes americanos, europeos, asiáticos y pocos chinos.

Msc. Ing. Roger Gustavo Saravia Aramayo La Paz, Bolivia (américa del sur) – 27 de abril de 2020

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CÓDIGOS DE FALLA DTC ENCONTRADOS EN LOS DIAGNÓSTICOS OBD2 DE VEHÍCULOS LIGEROS, MEDIANOS Y PESADOS DE LA CIUDAD DE LA PAZ EN EL PERIODO 2015-2019 B0001

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7


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