菲律宾阿纳纳斯新社区总体规划 —以整体性食物系统方式 改善人居环境与社会可持续性
收稿时间 RECEIVED DATE: 2016-07-10 中图分类号 / TU984 文献标识码 / B
MASTER PLAN FOR ANANAS NEW COMMUNITY IN THE PHILIPPINES — A HOLISTIC FOOD SYSTEMS APPROACH TO HABITAT ENHANCEMENT AND SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY Sasaki设计事务所 / Sasaki
项目概述
受污染。 为了应对这些挑战，阿纳纳斯社区总
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VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 5 / OCTOBER 2016
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中央公园中的公共集市 为农民 提 供 了 售 卖 、 展示当地农产品的场 所。产自当地的农产 品 被端上了当地的餐 桌，保障了农民及他们 家人的生活。 A public market in the central park allows farmers to sell and showcase local produce. Produce sold on site and used in local restaurants is locally grown and harvested, preserving the lifeline of local farmers and their families.
景观设计学 / 主题实践
近几十年来，菲律宾经历了持续的经济
体规划旨在突破传统，对农田、自然系统和
和人口增长。据官方统计数据显示，菲律宾
城市开发用地进行重新构建，创建一种大胆
预计将在未来35年内新增5 000万人口，这
的城市生活新范式。为了彰显菲律宾的文化
将使得像马尼拉这样的已然高度拥挤和快速
和生态传统，这一新的设想以不断演进的城
扩张的大都市面临更大的压力。这种增长是
市地区为背景，力图创造一个能够为更可持
以牺牲农业用地和自然系统为代价的，使遗
续的区域性食品网络提供积极支持的生态系
留给子孙后代的粮食和水供给的现有社区生
统，并确保关键性的生态系统服务供给。
命线受到了威胁。 在当地快速发展的景观中，功能单一的
项目场地与背景
封闭式社区随处可见。由于公共坏境的普遍 缺失以及步行连通性的限制，这里的居民不
西朗市地处甲米地省，位于马尼拉以南
得不 每 日 开 车 去 获 取 他 们 的 日 常 所 需 。 在
约35k m，是远离都市炎热与拥堵的度假胜
许多这样的城市开发新区中，除了存在农
地。该地区位于一个熔岩高原之上，海拔比
业用地丧失的问题外，对于当地生态的忽视
马尼拉高200m，当地气候宜人，被菲律宾农
也加剧了地区性水供给和渔业问题—地下
业部认定为保障马尼拉食品供给的重要“菜
水不断消耗，当地河流、湖泊和沿海水域遭
篮子”地区之一。
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE FRONTIERS / THEMATIC PRACTICES
摘要 像世界上许多正在发展的大都市地区一样，马尼拉的经 济增长是以牺牲农业用地和水资源质量为代价的，这导致该地 区现有社区赖以生存的资源受到了威胁。阿纳纳斯社区代表 了一种非传统的城市开发方式，其旨在保护这些极为关键的资 源，并彰显菲律宾的农业、社会和生态传统，为歌颂社区团结 与合作的“百雅尼汉”精神予以了全新诠释。 关键词 农业街区；生态设计；总体规划；菲律宾；社会和经济效益 ABSTRACT Like many growing metropolitan areas worldwide, Manila’s growth comes at the expense of agricultural land and water quality, compromising the lifeline resources of the region’s existing communities. Ananas represents an alternative approach to urban development that aspires to secure these vital resources while celebrating the agricultural, social, and ecological heritage of the Philippines and its “bayanihan” spirit of communal unity and cooperation in a contemporary and innovative manner. KEY WORDS Agricultural Neighborhoods; Ecological Design; Master Plan; The Philippines; Social and Economic Benefits 译 田乐 TRANSLATED BY Tina TIAN
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阿纳纳斯（意为“菠萝”）正如其名， 项目地址： 菲律宾西朗市 项目面积： 247hm2 项目委托： ACM住宅开发公司 城市设计、景观设计与规划： Sasaki设计事务所 项目团队： Dennis Pieprz、Victor Eskinazi、Ponnapa Prakkamakul、Mary Anne Ocampo、Justin Garrison、 Lachlan Hicks、Anthony Fettes、叶琳、谷自 设计时间： 2015年1~5月 所获奖项： 2016美国规划协会皮埃尔·朗方国际规划成就奖 2016波士顿景观设计师协会分析与规划类荣誉奖 LOCATION: Municipality of Silang, Philippines AREA (SIZE): 247 hm2 CLIENT: ACM Homes URBAN DESIGN, LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING: Sasaki PROJECT TEAM: Dennis Pieprz, Victor Eskinazi, Ponnapa Prakkamakul, Mary Anne Ocampo, Justin Garrison, Lachlan Hicks, Anthony Fettes, Lin Ye, Zi Gu DESIGN PERIOD: January ~ May 2015 AWARDS: 2016 Pierre L'Enfant International Planning Achievement Award, American Planning Association 2016 Honor Award for Analysis and Planning, Boston Society of Landscape Architects
15 meter protection buffer to minimize disturbance and potential for slope failure 15m宽的保护缓冲带将最大程度地降 低人工扰动和山体滑坡发生的几率
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场地位于依兰-依兰河流 域，成为了连通塔尔湖 上缘地区和马尼拉湾的 狭长纽带。尽管今天上 游流域以交织的森林和 农田为特色，但未来的 开发将对排入马尼拉湾 的水质造成极大影响。 附近的开发社区通常缺 乏高品质的公共空间和 场所感，也无法提供就 业机会。阿纳纳斯社区 的总体规划提供了一种 与之不同的解决方案， 试图突破传统，重建农 田和城市开发用地间的 关系。
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The site is within the Ylang-Ylang River watershed draining from the upper rim of Taal Lake in a narrow band to Manila Bay. While a mix of forest and agriculture characterizes the upper watershed today, future development can greatly impact the water quality draining into Manila Bay. Neighboring developments have a poor public realm and lack a sense of place. They are disconnected from employment opportunities. Alternatively, Ananas seeks to reconfigure traditional relationships between farmland and urban development.
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Ecological preservation and water quality protection
周边地区（西侧）
Developable land Slopes less than 40% 可开发的土地 坡度小于40% 2-1
积为247hm ，地处高势，阳光充足，土壤排
阿纳纳斯社区总体规划设计框架的制定
系列的盆地、洼地和雨水滞留池。这些滞留
水条件良好。由于场地上还种植着其他几种
基于对场地的生态系统、当地农业，以及城
池能够减缓雨水流速，并使雨水经过滤后下
经济作物，土壤条件和可用水资源限制了密
市形态下生物气候条件的尊重与针对性的整
渗，这将有助于改善地表水质量、补给当地
集型农业生产。当地的热带草原气候使得季
合。通过对场地及其背景的详细分析和对当
的地下蓄水层。
节性降雨特征非常显著，种植与收割周期基
地系统的调查，设计团队积极地探索了将场
在一系列25m宽的线性花园中，面积为
本上与季风变化相一致，以利用雨季的集中
地再生潜能最大化的机遇。最终的设计框架
8.3hm2的“传粉路径”通过叠加多种功能，
降水进行灌溉。
建立了一个多功能的、高度连通的开放空间
进一步完善了开放空间网络。考虑到场地的
尽管场地大部分时间都处于无雨状态，
系统，其将促进步行和自行车骑行，使得社
地形和季风情况，街道格局与相应的传粉路
但水对当地的景观地貌还是带来了重要影
区与社区、社区与自然之间相互连通。除了
径设计为西南-东北走向。传粉路径的间距皆
响。数条流经天然灌木林和人工果木种植林
对当地的微气候进行管理并建立多样化的、
在步行距离5分钟内，以促进空气流动，从而
的小型河流还充当着周边农田及村庄的排水
相互连通的开放空间网络（包括斑块、节点
提高户外的舒适性，并有助于减少建筑物和
通道。虽然位于乡村未开发地区，但农业生
和廊道等形式），修复后的自然区域和文化
街区尺度的能源需求。这些花园廊道的走向
产和开发还是使场地的地表水出现了严重的
空间也凸显了场地与众不同的特色和潜能，
顺应了场 地 的 地 貌 走 势 ， 其 核 心 设 计 理 念
浊化和污染问题。尽管大多河流向西汇入了
为该区域所面临的问题提供了以设计和生态
是促进滞留雨水、增加有机物以及景观中
哈兰河，但哈兰河与依兰-依兰河在火山岩层
为本的解决方案。
的营养物含量。
地貌上各自冲刷出一条40m深的南北走向的
基于地形和水文分析，坡度大于40%的
除了能够带来生态效益外，传粉路径
溪谷（界定了阿纳纳斯的东西边界），并一
地区和确定的水道被保护起来，并建立缓冲
也是社区开放空间和公共领域的一个重要组
路向北奔涌至菲律宾受损最严重的水体—
区域：在溪谷的顶部设立了一条15m宽的缓
成部分。方案中设计了各种大小和布局的地
马尼拉湾。鉴于当地人口高度密集、污水处
冲带，沿水道的内部中心线设立一条30m宽
块，以支持不同类型的农业耕作，包括住宅
理设施缺乏，且对灰色基础设施依赖严重，
的缓冲带。作为该总体规划中景观基础设施
花园、社区支持型农业活动、由农场直接供
许多传统的土地开发使得与水相关的问题愈
系统的重要组成部分，这些区域将场地内外
应原料的餐厅，以及当地有机农业合作社。
加复杂，损害了居民的生活质量，破坏了该
敏感脆弱的滨河地带及其周边的高地区域连
倡导多样化用地形式的初衷是铺设规划蓝
地区的生态安全。
接在了一起，将促进当地的生态和水资源质
图，以将这些关键性的开放空间充分地融入
Metro Manila
Site rivers discharge into Manila Bay 2.
有新增的娱乐设施与连通性外，还包括了一
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Adjacent site (West)
不稳定的陡坡坡度超过40% 密集的植被覆盖对于保护地表而言非常关键， 缓冲区和坡地适宜开展一些主动式娱乐活动
量的提升。这些区域作为生态廊道，除了拥
拥有菠萝种植的理想环境条件。项目场地面
生态保护及水质保护
Steep, unstable slopes exceeding 40% Dense vegetative cover is essential for protection; both buffer and slopes are suitable for some active recreational uses
设计框架
马尼拉都市区
流经场地的河流 汇入马尼拉湾
Laguna de Bay
DEV
健康生活
现有发展模式
开
ELO发 PME
贝湖
NT
HEALTHY LIV
ING
CURRENT PARADIGM
Halang River 哈兰河
Ylang-Ylang River 依兰-依兰河
平衡的开
BALANCED发方式 APPROACH
基础设施
Watershed divide
INFRASTRUC TURE
流域分水线
Site location 场地所在地 Lake Taal
工业
Y
TR INDUS
塔尔湖
UCTION MODEL NEW PROD 新型生产模式 TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE 迈向可持续的未来
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VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 5 / OCTOBER 2016
景观设计学 / 主题实践
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE FRONTIERS / THEMATIC PRACTICES
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4.
5.
HS
生 ECOL OGICA 态廊道 L CORRIDORS
T PA
OR T 径 NA 路
LI
L PO
粉
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凉风
OR 道 廊 RID R CO
态
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5 min Walk 步行5分钟范围
Pollinator paths — linear community gardens — are oriented to capture cooling winds. Every resident has access to an agricultural plot within a five-minute walk. Ecological corridors retain the natural hydrologic function of existing ravines, responding to the intense annual rainfall and topography of the site. Integrated framework. The plan celebrates the agricultural, social, and ecological heritage of the site. It draws from essential elements of Filipino culture to cultivate — within the context of an evolving urban district — an ecosystem that actively supports a more sustainable regional food network.
场地在自然扰动的情况下具有更高的稳定 性和更快速的功能性恢复能力。 8
合作与社区参与 阿纳纳斯社区总体规划是设计团队、 委托方、西朗市长及政府官员密切而持续合
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作的成果。在愿景规划的整个过程中，设计 团队就专业知识、建设承载力，以及对该地
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区未来发 展 的 设 想 等 方 面 与 当 地 官 员 进 行 10
了交流。通过在菲律宾进行的几次协商会
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议，设计团队为这个新社区建立了发展原
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则和目标，突显了场地的农业传统，保护
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并 提 升 了 当 地 极 具 特 色 的 冲 积沟壑和河流 廊道，维持了场地的可达性和连接性，并在
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当代语境下对以菲律宾（歌颂社区团结与合 作的）“百雅尼汉”精神为代表的当地文化 14
价值予以了全新诠释。除了与当地社区开展
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在设计传粉路径这种线状 社区花园时，其朝向设计 旨在引入凉风。居民可在 5分钟内步行到达农业用 地。生态廊道保留了现有 溪谷的天然水文功能，可 应对每年的强降雨及地质 问题。 项目整体框架。该规划彰 显了场地的农业、社会及 生态传统。它汲取了菲律 宾文化中的重要元素，在 不断发展的城市区域构建 了一个能够促进本土食品 生产更加可持续发展的生 态系统。
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2
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合作外，愿景规划过程还得到了马尼拉天文 台的支持，作为专注于菲律宾及东南亚
3
大气和地球科学的研究机构，其为该地 14
区气候变 化 造 成 的 影 响 和 设 计 挑 战 提 供
OR PATHS POLLINA粉T路径
了 指 导。
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阿纳纳斯被设想为一个适宜步行、自行车骑
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14
行及强调公共交通优先的开放社区，通过生
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13
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与该地区许多已投入开发的项目不同，
传
机勃勃的公共空间促进充满活力的社交互 动。一个公共空间网络（包括公园，广场， 宽阔的、种满植被的人行道）将增强场地的 公共领域，并将农业转变为一种集体体验。
市场。中央公园作为区域性目的地和文化中
与此同时，这种新的都市农业形式能够使已
心，为当地经济开发创造更多的机遇。
居住在此的农民继续在这里耕作，同时也可 以指导新居民进行生物密集型有机农业
研究、创新与弹性
实践。
增加整合被动式设计的潜能。
连通性，并为人们提供交流空间。该总体规
委托方和设计团队积极关注基于社区的
划整合了公共场所、住宅、市政、教育、零
农业和粮食安全问题，在远景规划过程中对
售及服务等功能，在这个整体化的新社区中
生物密集型有机农业进行了更多的研究。在
创造各种中心和节点空间。菲律宾人民希望
认识到场地上目前种植的每年都可采收的经
居住地能为环境和生活产生积极影响，而方
传粉路径沿路相关的土地利用和相关项
早在项目设计过程中，设计团队就利用
济作物及两年一熟的农作物的局限性和脆弱
案则很好的回应了这一愿景。方案还提出了
目将为当地居民和游客提供共享空间。通过
数字三维模型对风效应和热舒适性进行了模
性后，关于替代性实践的研究衍生出一种更
一系列城市设计原则，以确保建筑物与公共
开展与社区、农业和烹饪相关的活动，使他
拟。研究结果为设计团队打破传统的线性住
加综合、更加全面、基于社区的农业设计
空间和谐统一，从而营造一种更加强烈的社
们有机会接触和了解当地的美食和农业。作
宅布局、选用一种更加铰接式的布局提供了
思路和建议。这些想法和建议包括：加强
区感。
为菲律宾文化中不可或缺的一部分，学校、
指导。这种铰接式的住宅布局配合街道与开
住宅建筑和景观系统之间的互动，以减少
通过对西朗市各地的农场、文化和教
社区中心、餐厅和市场被设置在毗邻传粉路
放空间的走向，更利于引入凉风，促进对流
灌溉需求；采取季节性轮作；提高种植多
育机构、咖啡馆和餐厅进行深入了解，阿纳
径的地方，以鼓励公民参与。方案在社区的
通风，并降低风洞效应发生的可能。据初步
样性以支持传粉过程和害虫的生物防治。
纳斯社区总体规划将促进技能和知识的交
核心地带设计了一个中央公园，用以提供娱
估算，这种布局能够大大改善户外舒适度、
除了策略性的精简之外，通过加强结构和
流，吸引所有的社区成员参与到终身学习和
乐和活动空间，及供当地农民展销农产品的
显著提高开发能源效率，减少降温成本，并
生态多样性，这种生物密集型方法可以使
公民活动当中。随着对极具重要意义的农业
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0
250
500m N 14
COMMUNITY ORIENTED PROGRAM 社区导向型设施 1 2 3 4
CULTURAL HUB 文化中心 CENTRAL PARK 中央公园 CHILDREN’S MUSEUM 儿童博物馆 INDOOR SPORTS CENTER 室内体育中心
5 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH 农业研究中心 6 SCHOOL 学校 7 FARMER’S MARKET 农民集市 8 MIXED-USE NODES 混合功能节点
089
9 10 11 12
UNIVERSITY CENTER 大学中心 NATURE CENTER 自然中心 CULINARY SCHOOL 烹饪学校 FOOD HUB 食品中心
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NEIGHBORHOOD CENTER 街区中心 POLLINATOR PATHS 传粉路径
5
文化遗产的保护和提升，这些新建立起来的
农业
活动
关系将保留农业就业岗位，赋予农民更多的
苏米
自主权，提高该地区的食品质量，从而为该
思朗水
地区未来的农耕业发展提出清晰的构想：农
地区性
咖啡
耕业将实现与食品行业的新兴经济更加深入
感恩
果节
节庆
甘蔗
的融合。 在个人层面上，社区花园使得当地农
菠
萝
1 TOOL SHED 工具棚 2 RESTING AREA 休息区 3 RESIDENTIAL PLOT 居住用地 4 COMMUNITY PLOT 社区用地 5 COMMERCIAL PLOT 商业用地 6 GREENHOUSE 温室 7 BASKETBALL COURT 篮球场 8 PLAYGROUND 游乐场 9 PICNIC AREA 野餐区 10 COMMUNITY TRAIL 社区游道
朗节
祝活
动
蜜
民能够指导未来的新居民进行农业实践，并
收获
PROPOSED CONDITION BUILDING EDGES ARE ARTICULATED TO MAXIMIZE WIND CAPTURE, PROMOTING CROSS-VENTILATION
常见的开发模式 线性平顺的建筑物外轮廓导致风快速流通，
设计方案 铰接式的建筑物外轮廓将最大程度地对风进行利用，
而非对其进行利用
促进对流通风
酸
通过推广食品生产产地知识，与其他地区的
TYPICAL DEVELOPMENT LINEAR UNOBSTRUCTED BUILDING EDGES PRIORITIZE WIND FLOW OVER WIND CAPTURE
休
0
10
25m
类
牛油
果
豆
N
构想可以在行业领导者与食品企业经营者之
种
树
面，在某条传粉路径的周边建立烹饪学校的
耕
豆
播
菲律宾人民重新建立联系。在更大的社区层
二月
月
一
四月
月
十一 六
米
九月
稻
根类
9
块
米
动
稻
收
种
获
播
祝活
蔬菜
月 八月
日庆
从愿景规划伊始，规划和设计团队通
十
七
月
月
节
效益与成果
独立
卡 拉延
为期两 周的
加可持续、更加有机的农耕实践过渡。
米
月
五月
个农业研究中心/企业，这将有助于农民向更
十二
耕地
队还与当地大学开展合作，以在当地建立一
播种玉
和经济发展的生态系统。除了社区，项目团
10 月
ECOLOGICAL CORRIDOR
三
木瓜
间联系，从而为当地创建一个能够促进创新
过与委托方的通力合作，力求重塑菲律宾社 3
1
7
3
2
3
1
舞
蹈
菜
节
蔬
区发展的新模式。阿纳纳斯社区提供了一个
6
4 8
瑶
街
节
头
超越了场地界限的发展框架，为该区域的社
5
菠
萝
地
与当地普遍的功能单一的开发模式不
赛
普
会、环境和经济等方面作出了贡献。 区 性
同，阿纳纳斯社区提供了住宅、市政、教
泼
水
育、零售及服务等多种功能。从土地利用角
节
芮
度出发，就业机会与多种住宅类型的整合将
酸橙
芒果 格
达节
食品
烹饪
节
塔洪
卡
瓦
延
节
节 7
促进一种新开发模式的形成——一种具有高 街
度可达性、对汽车的依赖性更小、在气候变
蹈 头舞
节
国庆节庆祝周 英雄
化方面更具弹性的新模式。通过充分利用菲
节
6
律宾文化的基本元素，阿纳纳斯社区为现有 社区创造新的经济机会，促进提升所在地区 6.
在明确了发展道路后，阿纳纳斯社区的 一期工程将在未来三年内启动和实施，其不 仅为西朗人民，更为马尼拉地区的广大民众 描绘了一个鲜活而可行的未来发展框架。我 们相信这一愿景将在菲律宾城市演进道路中 发挥重要影响，阿纳纳斯社区总体规划将为 当地的后世塑造一个美好的未来。
090
and water supply of future generations.
In recent decades, the Philippines has
single-use gated communities are the norm.
witnessed consistent economic and population
With an often absent public realm and
challenges, the master plan for the
growth. Official statistics estimate the country
limited pedestrian connectivity, residents
Ananas community seeks to reconfigure
will grow by 50 million people in the next 35
are forced to drive to their everyday needs.
traditional relationships between farmland,
years, straining already congested and rapidly
Within many of these new developments,
natural systems, and urban development,
expanding metropolitan areas like Manila. This
in addition to the loss of agricultural
representing a bold new paradigm for
growth comes at the expense of agricultural
land, a disregard for the local ecology has
urban living. Celebrating the cultural and
land and natural systems, compromising the
exacerbated issues related to regional
ecological heritage of the Philippines, this
lifeline of existing communities — the food
water supply and fisheries — depleting
new vision cultivates and supports, within
Across the rapidly developing landscape,
的食品质量和生态安全，并保留了阿纳纳斯 的本土特征。
Introduction
7.
场地上目前的农业耕作 以种植两年一熟的农作 物为主。新建的生物密 集型有机菜园将拥有更 灵活的收获周期和更丰 富的生物多样性，并能 够与该地区的文化节日 紧密结合。 铰接式的建筑物外轮廓 将最大程度地对风进行 利用，促进对流通风。
6.
7.
Current agricultural practices on site rely on produce that can only be harvested once every two years. Proposed organic biointensive gardens provide a more active harvest cycle and greater biodiversity, and are tied to the region's cultural calendar. Articulation of building edges maximizes wind capture, promoting crossventilation.
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 5 / OCTOBER 2016
景观设计学 / 主题实践
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE FRONTIERS / THEMATIC PRACTICES
091
groundwater and polluting local rivers, lakes, and coastal waters. Recognizing and addressing these
the context of an evolving urban district, a
(Ananas comosus ) — the 247 hectare Ananas
more sustainable regional food network,
site is positioned high on the landscape with
while securing essential ecosystem services.
abundant sunshine and well-drained soil. While several other commodity crops are
Site and Context
grown on site, soil conditions and availability
In the province of Cavite, approximately
Wet Season
Rainwater Harvesting 雨水收集
of water limit the intensity of agricultural
雨季
production. With the highly seasonal rainfall
35 kilometers south of Manila, the
of this tropical savanna climate, in the
municipality of Silang is a popular
absence of supplemental irrigation planting
destination for those escaping the heat
and harvest cycles typically correspond with
and congestion of the metro area. Situated
monsoonal transitions.
on a volcanic plateau 200 meters above
季风保护 Monsoon Protection
While the site is mostly dry, water has a
the city, this region is characterized by its
significant influence on the topography of the
comfortable climate and is recognized as
landscape. Meandering through the interior
one of Manila’s key food baskets by the
among patches of native scrub and planted
Philippine Department of Agriculture.
food forests, several small streams drain
Offering ideal growing conditions for
nearby fields and local villages. Although
8.3 hm
Native Fruits & Nut Trees
Dry Season
2
乡土果树和坚果树
2
Water Sensitive Street Design
RROTS
卜
CA
水生蔬菜 HYDROPHILIC VEGETABLES
胡萝
8.3 hm
NG 空心菜
水敏性街道设计
旱季
土 POTAT O
排水暗渠
KO
豆
UNDERDRAIN
Seasonal Crop Rotation 季节性作物轮作
G
situated in a rural undeveloped area, the
KAN
the site’s namesake crop — the pineapple
Seasonal Crop Rotation 季节性作物轮作
块根类蔬菜 ROOT VEGETABLES
Organic Farmland On Site 场地上的有机农田
8.
9.
IRRIGATION GREY WATER
灌溉 8M COMMUNITY PLOT
9M COMMERCIAL PLOT 9m宽的商业用地
西红柿
W
建成环境与景观相整合
impacts of both agriculture and development
purposeful integration of ecological systems,
are evident in turbidity and debris found
local agriculture, and a bioclimatic approach
in the surface water. While most streams
to the urban form. Evolving from the detailed
drain to the Halang River to the west, both
analysis of the site, its context, and inquiry
the Halang and Ylang-Ylang Rivers — which
into the local systems, the design team
define the site’s east and west boundaries
actively explored opportunities to maximize
in dramatic
40-meter
deep ravines — flow
resulting framework presents a multi-
waterbody in the Philippines: Manila
functional and highly connected open space
Bay. Due to the high population density,
system that promotes walking and biking,
inadequate treatment of wastewater, and a
allowing the community to connect with
heavy reliance on grey infrastructure, many
nature and with each other. In addition
traditional developments compound water-
to regulating the local microclimate and
related issues, impairing the quality of life
providing a diverse and connected open
and the ecological security of the region.
space network of patches, nodes, and
Design Framework
胡
当地社区的融合
092
cultural spaces respond to the site’s unique features and potential, providing design- and
新居民
Integration of Local Community
the regenerative potential of the site. The
swiftly to the north toward the most impaired
corridors, the restored natural areas and
卜
)
EN
New Residents
Integration of Built Environment and Landscape
萝
植园
OTS (WET S SON
多种
菜种
GA R D
+
Continued Employment Opportunities in Agriculture 持续提供农业就业机会
蔬
R AR
S
瓜
UC
FLE
丝
苣
AF
莴
E
RD
Mentoring
U
)
S
指导
LETT
9.
Pollinator paths support the agricultural production and are integrated to housing, commercial, and cultural uses. Garden swales function as wet gardens during the wet season, provide positive drainage for mounded root vegetables, and protect sensitive crops from excessive wind and evaporation during the dry season.
地下蓄水池
EA
当地农民
Farmers
NAKE GO
（
8.
CISTERN
季） TOM A (D RY SE A
地下蓄水池
旱
TO
CISTERN
8m宽的社区用地
（雨季） C
透水铺装 PERMEABLE PAVING
中水
IRRIGATION
ON
灌溉
传粉路径促进了农作物 的生长，同时也与场地 的住宅、商业及文化用 途融为一体。 在雨水丰沛时节，菜园 中的洼地可用作雨水花 园，为块根类蔬菜作物 及时排去积水；在干旱 时节则可保护敏感类作 物，使其免受强风与蒸 发作用的影响。
Bio-Intensive Agriculture
Seasonal Crop Rotation
生物密集型农业
季节性作物轮作
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 5 / OCTOBER 2016
The design framework for the Ananas master plan was driven by respect and
8
景观设计学 / 主题实践
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE FRONTIERS / THEMATIC PRACTICES
093
ecologically-based solutions to address the issues facing the region.
9
analysis, areas with slopes greater than 40
complete the open space network by
10.
stacking multiple functions in these
percent and areas with defined watercourses
25-meter wide linear gardens. In a response
were secured and buffered. This included an
to the topography and monsoonal winds,
additional safety setback of 15 meters at the
the street grid and corresponding pollinator
top of the ravines and a 30-meter setback
paths traverse the site from the southwest
from the centerline of interior drainages. As
to the northeast. Placed at regular intervals
a significant component of the master plan’s
— no more than a five-minute walk for
landscape infrastructure system, these areas
all residents — the pollinator paths help
connect both sensitive riparian and adjacent
optimize air movement, improving outdoor
upland areas throughout the site and beyond, and
comfort and potentially reducing energy
benefit the local ecology and water quality.
demand at the building and neighborhood
In addition to functioning as ecological
scale. Aligned parallel to the general
corridors with added recreational amenities
contour of the land, these garden corridors
and connectivity, these areas incorporate
incorporate keyline design concepts to
a series of basins, swales, and retention
help retain rainwater, organic matter, and
ponds. These ponds slow, filter, and infiltrate
nutrients in the landscape.
11.
10.
11.
Buildings and landscape work together to celebrate a core element of Filipino culture: the need for social interaction and engagement. New forms of living — urban form responsive to climate
Agricultural plots are in short walking distance to residents
Streetscape promotes sustainable mobility
Residential courtyards provide intimate outdoor space
居民可步行到达 农业地块
街景提升了可持续流动性
Beyond their ecological benefits, the
quality and recharging the local aquifer.
pollinator paths are a significant component
传粉路
Agricu ltural V il
径
of the community’s open space and public
Urban form responsive to climate
农业别
墅
Courty ard
A
IM CL
IP
R
庭院
OP
OS
Streetscape and orientation of interior common areas create vibrant public realm 内部公共区域的街景和朝向 创造出充满活力的公共空间
Street Fronta ge Villa 临街别
墅
A 对
T
气候
宾普通的城郊 开
的开发模式
菲律
Native Street Trees 乡土行道树种
TE
NSIVE PR
应
IL
M EN
LF
S
T Y P I CA
O
O ESP
L
IN
LO P
凉风
la
应对气候的城市形态
RBAN DEV E UBU
绿色屋顶可收集雨水、营造怡 人的室外空间
灵活的组团类型 为多代家庭生活 创造了便利
住宅庭院提供了 私密的户外空间
Pollina tor Path
Green roofs harvest rainwater while providing pleasant exterior spaces
Flexibility of cluster typology allows for multigenerational living
凉风
stormwater — improving surface water The 8.3-hectare pollinator paths
通过建筑与景观的融 合，项目为居民提供了 充足的社交场所——社 交是菲律宾文化的重要 组成部分。 新生活形态——应对气 候的城市形态
ne ga 负压 tive 力 pre ssu re
Based on the topographic and hydrologic
4x more energy efficient 能源效率提升4倍
丰产街
道
发
模
式
Simulation was used in the design process, creating the necessary negative pressure in courtyards to maximize wind capture and cross ventilation. The neighborhood fabric maintains comfort levels for 60% of the year. Typical development can rely on natural ventilation for only 15% of the year. 在设计过程中对风效应和热舒适性进行了模拟，在庭院中制造了必要的负压力，以引入凉 风，促进对流通风。这种街区肌理可在全年60%的时间里保持舒适性，而菲律宾普通的开 发模式仅可在全年15%的时间里利用自然通风。
Heat Island Reduction 降低热岛效应
适宜自行车骑行的街道 Bicycle Friendly Streets
50,000m
2
Engaging Public Realm
水敏性设计 Water Sensitive Design
Less Pavement = More Place 减少硬质铺装，提供更多的场所
150,000m
20km
Reduction in Stormwater Runoff 减少雨洪径流
Pedestrian Oriented Walkways 步行导向型人行道
094
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 5 / OCTOBER 2016
this new form of urban agriculture allows
for plot sizes and configurations support
for existing farmers to continue working the
different types of agricultural uses, from
land while mentoring new residents in bio-
residential gardens, to community-
intensive organic farming practices.
supported agriculture initiatives (CSAs), to
怡人的公共空间
3
realm. Proposed design recommendations
10
景观设计学 / 主题实践
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE FRONTIERS / THEMATIC PRACTICES
Related land uses and programs along
farm-to-table restaurants, to local organic
the pollinator paths provide communal
farming cooperatives. The intent of this
spaces for residents and visitors to engage
diversification was to offer a roadmap to
with local cuisine and agriculture through
fully integrate these critical open spaces into
potential community, agricultural, and
the public realm and transform agriculture
culinary programs. Immediately adjacent
into a communal experience. Additionally,
to these spaces, schools, community
095
11
溪 动
卡 场
拉
馆
斯
馆
EC
农 高
速
公
业
用
地
路
道 集市
integration.
to community-based agriculture. These ideas and recommendations included
会议
场馆
公园
based agriculture and food security from
greater interaction between residential
both the client and design team, the
buildings and landscape systems to reduce
visioning process prompted additional
irrigation needs, seasonal crop rotation,
inquiry into bio-intensive organic
and planting diversity to support pollinators
agriculture. Recognizing the limitations and
and the biological control of pests. Through
vulnerabilities of the annual commodity
structural and ecological diversity, in
and biennial crops currently grown on site,
addition to strategic redundancies, this bio-
research into alternative practices led to
intensive approach could provide greater
CR
馆
校
SPOR
酒店
TS
+
溪谷
中央
a more integrated and holistic approach
EATI
博物
公共
学
increasing the potential for passive design
RE
廊
ON 运动
施
态
谷
娱
FARME
运
场
化
心
动
文
中
运
生
design ideas and recommendations for
With an active interest in community-
民 ET 农 集市
R’ S
M
K AR
及
ID
O G I CA L C O R OL R
生态廊道
设
S
乐
OR
development, reducing energy demand, and
林 荫
立面
主 干 道
廊
道
态
廊
Ec olo
gi
生态 cal C 廊道 orrid or
道
街道 向型
径
IAN
态
路
导
生
粉
PEDESTR
传
生
OR
IE
Cultural Hub
9
文化中心
行
建筑
街 物临
NT
ED STREETS
步
og ol Ec
农业研究中心
运动中心
道 id 廊 orr 态 C 生 ical
12
Agricultural Research
Sports Center
or Events Lawn
Courts 运动场地
活动草坪
centers, restaurants, and markets all offer
of wind behavior and thermal comfort
opportunities for civic engagement, an
were performed using digital 3D models
integral part of Filipino culture. Located
of the development. The results of these
at the heart of the community, a central
studies led to the design team breaking away from traditional linear configurations
and cultural hub that includes spaces for
of residential prototypes in favor of a more
recreation, events, and markets where
articulated pattern. This articulation coupled
local farmers can showcase and sell local
with the orientation of the streets and open
agricultural produce, creating opportunities
space facilitates the capture of cooling
to support the local economy.
breezes, promoting cross-ventilation and
13.
连通的景观系统。中央 公园保护并融合了天然 河道与溪谷廊道，同时 开辟了以社区为主导的 灵活空间及可供农户出 售本地农产品的市场。 作为项目的核心区，中 央公园将成为受大众喜 爱的区域性景点，而不 仅仅服务于社区居民。
13.
Interconnected landscape systems. A central park preserves and integrates natural river and ravine corridors with active, communitydriven spaces and markets where farmers can sell local agricultural produce. At the heart of the project, the central park landscape creates a public destination that extends beyond the community to be a regional attraction.
Courts 运动场地 Flexible Recreation 可灵活利用的娱乐空间
Co
effect. Preliminary estimates indicate this configuration could significantly improve the
Early in the design process, simulations
096
Children’s Museum 儿童博物馆
道 廊 al 态 gic r 生 colo ido E rr
reducing the potential of a wind-tunnel
Research, Innovation, and Resilience
12.
r do rri Co al 道 gic 廊 olo 态 Ec 生
park is envisioned as a regional destination
12.
Public Market 公共集市
0
outdoor comfort and energy efficiency of the
100m N
13
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 5 / OCTOBER 2016
景观设计学 / 主题实践
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE FRONTIERS / THEMATIC PRACTICES
097
Unlike many projects being developed
a positive impact in their environment and
in the area, Ananas is envisioned as
lives. The project established a series of
an open community where walkability,
urban design principles to ensure buildings
biking, and access to transit is prioritized
have a strong relationship with the public
over private vehicles, and quality of life is
realm, promoting a greater sense of
promoted through a vibrant public realm
community.
that fosters lively social interactions. A
Through meaningful engagement
network of public spaces, including parks,
throughout the municipality of Silang
plazas, and generous vegetated sidewalks,
with local farms, cultural and educational
Evapotranspiration
provide connectivity and places to meet.
institutions, cafes and restaurants,
蒸散作用降温
Integrated public spaces and residential,
the Ananas master plan will foster the
civic, education, retail, and service uses
exchange of skills and knowledge to
create the hubs and nodes of this holistic
engage all members of the community in
new community that respond to Filipinos’
lifelong learning and civic involvement.
aspirations to live in a place that will make
With the preservation and enhancement
Open Space
Frontage
开放空间临街立面
Ecological Corridors
生态廊道 Pedestrian Trails
Open Community
步行游道
开放社区
11
Retail, Restaurants & Cafes 零售、餐厅与咖啡店
14
stability and a more rapid functional recovery
to establish principles and goals for a new
in the event of natural disturbances.
community that celebrate the agricultural
14.
heritage of the site, preserve and enhance its
Collaboration and Community
dramatic ravine and river corridors, maintain access and connectivity through the site, and
The Ananas master plan is a direct
15.
生态廊道保护了场地内重 要的生物栖息地，同时也 为各个街区的居民提供了 通往中央公园的步行与自 行车骑行通道。 文化中心将成为阿纳纳斯 社区的社交中心和开展社 区活动的平台。
celebrate cultural values that encompass
result of close and ongoing engagement
the Filipino “bayanihan” spirit of communal
between the planning and design team,
unity and cooperation in a contemporary
the client, the mayor of Silang and town
and innovative manner. Beyond the local
officials. Throughout the visioning process,
community, the visioning process also
the design team engaged with local officials,
included collaboration with the Manila
establishing reciprocity and exchange of
Observatory (a scientific research institution
knowledge, building capacity, and elevating
for atmospheric and earth science in the
their expectations for future developments in
Philippines and Southeast Asia) focusing on
the area. Over the course of several meetings
the impacts and design challenges related to
in the Philippines, the design team worked
climate change in the region.
098
14.
15.
Ecological corridors preserve an important habitat while providing pedestrian and bike connections between different neighborhoods and the central park. The cultural hub will become the social crossroads at Ananas, creating a forum for community activities.
Ce
ark P l a 园 ntr 公
中央
15min walk 15分钟步行距离
Cultural Hub
24/7
文化中心
全年无休
A Vibrant Mixed-use Environment 充满活力的混合功能环境
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VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 5 / OCTOBER 2016
景观设计学 / 主题实践
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE FRONTIERS / THEMATIC PRACTICES
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of the agricultural heritage of paramount
creating an ecosystem of innovation and
importance, these relationships will retain
economic development in the area. Beyond
agriculture jobs, empower farmers, and
the community, a partnership with a local
improve the quality of food in the region,
university to establish an Agriculture
offering a bold vision for the future of
Research Center and Cooperative on site will
farming that is more integrated into new
help transit farmers to more sustainable and
economies within the food industry.
organic farming practices.
Active Streets 活跃的街道
Canopy Interception 通过繁茂的树木截留雨水
Evapotranspiration 蒸散作用降温
At the individual level, community
Effectiveness and Results
gardens allow farmers to mentor future residents on local agriculture practices and reconnect Filipinos with the knowledge
From the outset of the visioning
of where their food is produced. Within
process, the planning and design team,
the greater community, a culinary school
in collaboration with the client, sought
located adjacent to one of the several
to reinvent new community development
pollinator paths in the project will connect
in the Philippines. Ananas provides a
industry leaders with food entrepreneurs,
development framework that transcends
Pedestrian Priority Streets 步行优先型街道
Water flow path 水流路径
Sheltered Courts
11,000 m2
带顶棚的运动场地
Indoor Sports Center
Covered courts allow for active use during the monsoon season
Sports Center includes basketball courts, a gym, multi-purpose rooms, and an Olympic pool
室内运动中心
带顶棚的运动场地保证人们可以在雨季也能够进行体育活动
Water flow path
结构性土壤促进了树木生长和雨水下渗
厚度为610～1 220mm的人工生物过滤基质 610-1,220 mm Engineered 生态洼地 biofiltration media
Bioswales
Structural soil promotes tree growth and rainwater infiltration
有孔洞的管道
Vegetation, soil and organic Perforated Pipe matter filter sediment and pollutants from runoff, and 厚度为200mm的骨料 200 mm Aggregate promotes infiltration
室内运动中心包括室内篮球场、体育馆、多功能
水流路径 溢流排入排雨管道
Overflow to storm drain
植物、土壤与有机质 将过滤地表径流中的 淤积泥沙和污染物，并促进下渗
场馆，以及一个奥运赛事规格的游泳池
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Tennis
Active Community
网球
活力社区
6 Outdoor Courts
16.
Create a venue for tennis camps
20 Informal Courts
Sports like Petanque, paddle ball etc., have courts integrated to the park landscape
6块户外场地 可用作网球训练场地
20块非常规运动场地
17.
这里可供人们进行滚球、波板球等活动，这些运动场地 与公园景观相互融合
Basketball
中央公园中的体育及娱 乐设施将对周边社区的 居民开放，可促进社交 融合。 与项目中的其他街道一 样，融合了水敏性景观 设计的林荫主干道为人 们提供了非常怡人的步 行环境。
16.
17.
Sports and recreation facilities located in the central park will be open to neighboring communities and will promote social integration. The boulevard spine, as other streets in project, provides a strong pedestrian environment that is integrated with water-sensitive landscape strategies.
篮球 13 Outdoor Courts
Facilities support the practice of Filipinos’ favorite sport activity
13块户外场地
13
篮球是菲律宾最受欢迎的体育活动
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VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 5 / OCTOBER 2016
景观设计学 / 主题实践
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE FRONTIERS / THEMATIC PRACTICES
the site boundaries to make a contribution
existing community while enhancing the food
to the region in social, environmental, and
and ecological security of the region and
economic terms.
preserving its identity.
In contrast to the typical single-use gated
With a clear path toward the launch and
developments common throughout the area,
implementation of the community’s first
Ananas offers a holistic mix of residential,
phase within the next three years, Ananas
civic, education, retail, and service uses. The
offers a compelling and feasible framework
integration of employment opportunities
that will shape not only the future of the
with diverse residential offerings from a land
people of Silang, but also that of greater
-use perspective will foster a new model of
Manila. Confident this vision will have a
development that is accessible, less car-
lasting legacy in the evolution of cities in
dependent, and more resilient in a climate of
the Philippines, the Ananas master plan
change. Drawing upon essential elements of
is a compelling and feasible proposition
Filipino culture, Ananas holds the potential
that will shape the future of the region for
to create new economic opportunities for the
generations to come.
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