上海张家浜城市设计及景观总体规划
Shanghai Zhangjiabang Urban Design and Landscape Master Plan Sasaki设计事务所 / Sasaki Associates, Inc.
项目概况
收稿时间 Received Date: 2016-05-03 中图分类号 / TU986.2 文献标识码 / B
张家浜是上海拟建的8个“楔形绿地”中 的首个建设项目，建成之后，它将成为上海 市最大的公共公园。作为生态改善和城市更 新的催化剂，张家浜公园打造了一片前所未 有的湿地及林地栖息地，为这座逐渐远离自 然体验的城市重塑了自然环境。为提升浦东 新区居民的生活品质及该区域的生态水平， 张家浜项目为自身设定了更高的目标。其复 杂的生态结构与其整体性的解说计划，将会 在作为世界最大的城市之一的上海注入崭新 的环境观念。该项目中的景观策略对已有的 人工化运河形态发出了挑战，它不仅会改善 运河水质，更可以重建该地区的水生生态系 统，从而提高生物多样性。通过细致严格的 空间布局、地形利用、种植策略、水体设计 和盛行风利用，该项目可提高空气质量及热 舒适度，利用微气候的营造来缓解上海的城 市热岛现象。通过多模式公共交通系统、公 园振兴计划及与周边地区的城市肌理的重新 缝合，项目相邻地区的发展也得以促进。
1. 1.
鸟瞰图 Bird's eye view
© Sasaki associates, inc.
场地背景 张家浜项目面临着多重挑战。这片场 地因高架公路、高压电走廊、各种道路及河
1
070
Volume 4 / Issue 3 / June 2016
景观设计学 / 主题实践
Landscape Architecture Frontiers / Thematic practices
071
摘要 上海市占据着长江三角洲冲积洪泛区最昂贵的地块，20 世纪以来大规模的城镇化为这片具有生态复杂性的地块带来的 是环境的恶化和自然栖息地面积的骤减。张家浜公园在此背景 下应运而生，其关注在这座不断扩张的大都市中人类与自然的 关系。作为8个“楔形绿地”项目之一，张家浜公园旨在提高 全上海范围内的自然接触度，建成后将成为上海市最大的公共 公园。这是一个颇具野心的项目，其力图改善城市微气候、增 加区域生物多样性，并提高上海2 600万居民的生活品质。 关键词 生态恢复；微气候营造；栖息地；生物多样性 Abstract Shanghai spreads across the expansive alluvial floodplain of the Yangtze River delta. Considerable urbanization over the past century has led to environmental degradation and a dramatic reduction of natural habitat in this ecologically complex landscape. Zhangjiabang Park is designed within this context, focusing on the relationship between humans and nature within the ever-expanding megacity. Zhangjiabang is one of eight “green wedges” proposed throughout Shanghai to improve access to nature and, when completed, will be the city’s largest public park. It is an ambitious project, seeking to enhance the city’s microclimate, contribute to regional biodiversity, and improve the quality of life for Shanghai’s 26 million inhabitants. Key words Restore Ecology; Enhance Microclimate; Habitat; Biodiversity 整理 田乐 汪默英 译 王颖 田乐 Edited by Tina TIAN Moying WANG TRANSLATED BY Ying WANG Tina TIAN
Location: Pudong New District, Shanghai Area (size) : 843 hectares Client: City of Shanghai, Shanghai Pudong Land Holding (Group) Co., Ltd. Project Leaders: Michael Grove, Tao Zhang, Justin Huang Project Team: Anthony Fettes, Ponnapa Prakkamapul, Muhan Cui, Brian Chilcott, John Sugrue, Andrew Leung, Lin Ye, Zi Gu, Hansol Kang, Taekung Kim, Xiangmei Hong, Dou Zhang, Zhiqing Yu, Einat Rosenkrantz, Elangovan Govindan DESIGN PERIOD: 2014 ~ 2015
项目地址： 上海市浦东新区 项目面积： 843hm2 项目委托： 上海市政府、上海市浦东土地发展（控股）公司 项目负责人： Michael Grove、张韬 、黄俊昇 项目团队： Anthony Fettes、Ponnapa Prakkamapul、崔 沐晗、Brian Chilcott、John Sugrue、Andrew Leung、叶琳、谷自、Hansol Kang、Taekung Kim、洪向美、张斗、于之清、Einat Rosenkrantz、 Elangovan Govindan 设计时间： 2014~2015年
6 16
1 5 7
14
8 15
9 2
13
3
4
动物多样性由14种降低至4种；城区的鸟类
施的建设变得支离破碎。场地当前的问题还
多样性较历史调查数据降低了63%；植物多
包括干道之间多处土地几近荒废、多处衰败
样性也大幅降低。上海景观恢复的迫切性不
的轻工业工厂附近垃圾场成堆等。此外，渠
言而喻，其也成为了张家浜公园设计策略的
化河道皆由混凝土砌筑，河水水质不佳，附
重要驱动因素。
低。但就是在这样恶劣的环境之中，场地
营造61h m 2的新生湿地栖息地，以为场地中
上仍存在着几处小型的农田和花园。来自
113hm2的开放水域提供生态服务。需要对现
Sasaki的设计团队试图将这些挑战转化为机
有的张家浜河道及其支流进行综合性生态恢
解说计划向人们讲述这一过程。
备防洪及为野生动植物（包括成千上万迁徙
14 NATURE CENTER 自然体验中心
3 MEADOW MAZE 草甸迷宫
7
AMPHITHEATER 露天剧场
11 URBAN WETLAND 城市湿地
15 BEACH 湖岸沙滩
4 WETLAND ISLAND 湿地岛屿
8
EVENT LAWN 文化草坪
12 WILDLIFE SANCTUARY 野生动物保护栖息地
16 PHYTOREMEDIATION MEADOW 植物治污草甸
2 2. 3.
平面图 设计策略
2. 3.
Site plan design strategy
Sc
至此过冬的鸟类）提供栖息地的功能。原有
新型的生态
ec
闲
atter
e d E x i s t i n g Ve g e t a t io
n 零散的 现 有
剩无几，生物物理环境恶劣。整个上海都会
林小丘，西侧则是高密度的城市核心地带。
区林冠覆盖率仅为10%，远低于中国城市的
方案中沿湖泊东侧设计了大片新生湿地，将
平均值（25%）。近期发表的一系列生物学
作为涉水鸟类保护区。这一区域远离公路、
调查显示，所有研究设计的类群其生物多样
铁路及其他人类活动活跃的用地，游人可由
072
al Spa ces Alig 排布 ne d w i t h Su 顺应夏 mm 季盛行风
er
Pr
ev
ai
W
in
N
NODE 城
d
EXISTING CHALLENGES 现有挑战 · Straight and Channelized Canal 截弯取直的渠化河道 · Patchy and Scattered Vegetation 零散的植被
Volume 4 / Issue 3 / June 2016
景观设计学 / 主题实践
GOAL: RESTORE ECOLOGY 目标：生态恢复 · Improve Wetland Conditions 提升湿地环境 · Create Woodland Habitats 创造林地栖息地
Landscape Architecture Frontiers / Thematic practices
Forest and River Corridors Delineate a Series of Recreational Open Spaces 森林和河流走廊塑造出一系列休闲开放空间
GOAL: ENHANCE MICROCLIMATE 目标：微气候营造 · Design to Utilize Cooling Breezes 利用凉爽的自然风进行设计 · Use Water and Vegetation to Improve Thermal Comfort 利用水和植被提升热舒适度
073
N BA 节 UR 城市
生生态系统的恢复。湖区的东侧是低矮的森
道
已严重破坏了整个环境系统，野生动植物所
ta n tial
s
息地，以及自然中心/孵卵处促进了该地区水
ion
的
ub
地均已用作城市用地。数十年的工业发展早
at
间
nected Urban Fore s t E c o s ystem 系统 连贯的森林生 态
i v e r C o r r i d or w i t h S Nat ur d R e B oth En ds W e a l i ze n t h t l a n ds o 大 型 湿 地的生态 河 两端 各有一个
水域面积31hm2、最大深度达14m的湖泊。 深浅不一的水下环境、多样化的人工鱼类栖
Con
植被
re
空
Existing Straight & Channelized Canals 现有渠化河道
的浅水湖地形经过重新设计，被改造为一个
由于上海的持续高速扩张，很多农村土
13 FOREST HILL 山地森林
FOLDING LANDSCAPE 折叠野花坡
节点
的生物多样性。而这一恢复网络同样需要具
9
市
生态再生彻底改变场地现状，并借由项目的
10 MARKET PLAZA 集市广场
g
复，以改善水质、重建该地区水生生态系统
METRO STATION 地铁站
lin
遇，为这片土地注入活力，通过效果显著的
ART MUSEUM 美术馆
6
休
张家浜公园将新建215hm2的混生林，并
5
2 COMMUNITY GARDEN 社区花果园
R
近土壤遭到破坏，整个场地的生物多样性极
1 SPORTS PARK 体育公园
N 点 ODE
GOAL: CONNECT TO THE CITY 目标：与城市连通 · Integrate Two Proposed Urban Nodes into the Park 将两个拟建的城市节点整合到公园中 · Make the Park Open and Porus through Links 建立多处公园与外部空间的连接 3
© Sasaki associates, inc.
高人工化的方式对洪水进行防控）等基础设
A
性及丰富度都有明显下降：上海地区的两栖
URB
道系统（其“现代化”的设计是为了以一种
12 11
© Sasaki associates, inc.
10
附近山丘顶部的观景台瞭望此处的景致。项
冬、迁徙、繁殖的鸟类提供栖息地。在湖区
化地浏览活动内容，这吸引了众多市民的参
舒适度及空气质量。其中包括了林冠与水体
目中的土方工程大大提高了微型栖息地景观
北岸，保护性孵卵处优先重新引入了濒临灭
与和支持。该项举措使得设计团队令客户、
的交替出现，开放空间的设计也利用当地夏
的多样性，同时阻隔了附近道路交通对场地
绝的水生生物，包括三种野外已经灭绝的蛙
来自不同领域的科学家和专家、地区级设计
季盛行的东南风，促进了整个场地的自然降
带来的噪音和空气污染。场地内的河道经过
类、一种濒危龟类及多种鱼类。公园中也设
机构，以及其他对本项目感兴趣的团体参与
温，使场地四季宜人。基于大量已发表的科
改造成为了流淌坡度较缓的河流，以最大程
计了大量的人工栖息地，包括蝙蝠产育箱、
到规划过程中来。设计团队反复听取交互会
学数据，项目中微气候的设计对整体规划中
度地去除水中的营养物质并减少固体悬浮
猛禽巢穴、水禽栖息岛、两栖类闲游木、鱼
议中获取的信息，并应用到对公园元素及其
生态系统服务将带来的社会生态效益进行了
物。此外，场地中的两大农业区域也将被改
类栖息结构及孔洞巢箱等。场地中的交通系
配置的优化中。
量化。据估计，张家浜公园中将种植至少10
2
造成为面积为12h m 的社区花园，花园中的
统及基础设施建设均使用了有利于野生动物
不同地块将以乡土植物为篱分隔，既丰富了
保护的涵洞及地下通道，并将原有的桥梁改
场地的物种多样性，又提升了附近居民的生
为人行道及野生动物走廊。
万棵树木，这将为整个场地带来切实的微气
与城市连通
候效益并有效减少污染。现有的数据表明， 得益于微气候的营造，公园中的气温可比上 2
活品质。 张家浜公园的设计旨在最大程度地为
建立持续的社会参与过程
地域性生物多样性的重新引入和健康发展创
公园周边为面积3.46k m 的公共交通导
海市区低3~7℃，这对于身处热浪中的市民
向型中等密度混合用地开发带。原先空闲的
而言将是一大福音。而公园中相对较深的湖
工业地块如今已被整合为一个统一的公共开
泊也可利用其处于上风向的优势，促进热
造条件。场地中的湿地系统将为至少22种
张家浜公园在文化活动方面开展了创新
放空间，服务于两个关键的城市核心区。形
传递与蒸发降温，为整个公园带来阵阵宜
被国际自然保护联盟记录在册的在该地域过
性的线上活动，用户可以按时间和类别情景
式多样而又彼此连通的游道在宜人的尺度上
人凉风。
提供了连续而变化的景致和生态环境，人们 可以在森林、树丛、带有木栈道的湿地、草
积极改变的催化剂
甸、草坪和各种场所之间穿梭徜徉。而城市
新的公园设计旨在建造
直线距离78km的河岸修复带
SINUOUS RIPARIAN CORRIDORS 使河岸走廊呈曲折状 increase habitat opportunities and filter overland and groundwater flow 提高生态栖息率并过滤地表径流和地下水流
张家浜公园现有
直线距离49km的硬质河道
中的主要游线则串联起场地中的主要活动场
该项目的规模恰是其面临的另一大挑
所，将两个城市核心区紧密地联系了起来。
战。2016年，项目4期工程中的首期工程破
张家浜公园的东侧设有一个大型的综合娱乐
土动工。这种阶段性推进的建设过程将有助
设施，活动场地为矮林环绕，且与地铁站毗
于吸引社会资本，向公众宣导公园人工栖息
邻，交通便捷。场地中充满趣味的迷宫、雕
地的重要性，并最终在上海的中心区域开启
塑花园及创新性游乐景观，为家庭活动提
环境意识的新纪元。张家浜公园的植物多样
供了更加多样的选择。总体而言，在全长
性需要在中国本土植物培育方面取得新的突
26.5km的游道系统中包括18.5km的无障碍
破，其也将可能形成该地区中更加综合、信
区段与8km的未经铺砌的园中道路。
息化的园艺产业。设计团队的方案同时也期
张家浜公园的城市开发地块方案始终
望提高人们对于城市绿地开发中那些已被利
遵循绿色基础设施建设的最佳实践标准，其
用及被浪费掉的资源的保护意识，并对目前
目的是减少暴雨径流量、改善公园中的水体
整个大上海地区的改造项目中的植被进行挽
水质。街道可将雨水排入生物过滤系统中，
救性保护。总体而言，随着设计向详细设计
该生物过滤系统亦是人行道和车行道的缓冲
阶段不断推进，项目的目标转向更新政府官
带，使行人免受车流交通的影响。设有排水
员观念，从原先的宣传口号和“绿色化妆运
暗渠的行道树池，以及人行道和自行车道下
动”向为上海建立一种真正的新型城市生态
方结构性土壤的大量使用将显著提高行道树
转变。
的健康与活力水平，进而提高树木的地下蓄 4.
© Sasaki associates, inc.
EXISTING CHANNELIZED CANALS 现有渠化河道 offer no biological value 不具有生态价值
4
074
Volume 4 / Issue 3 / June 2016
4.
水力。
张家浜公园增加的水域 面积在提高水质的同 时，也提供了更多的栖 息地。
宜人的微气候
the increased surface area of Zhangjiabang's waterways improves water quality and creates habitat opportunities.
项目在设计过程中对气候条件进行了 细致的模拟，以通过地形改造、种植策略及 经过计算的空间协同效应最大程度地改善热
景观设计学 / 主题实践
Landscape Architecture Frontiers / Thematic practices
075
5.
6.
5.
上海30%的本地鱼类受 到污染侵害，43%的鱼 类正遭受丧失栖息地的 威胁，而张家浜公园将 扭转这一态势。 张家浜公园面积61hm 2 的修复湿地预计每年将 为该区域带来200万美元 的经济收益。
6.
这让我想起我儿时的上海， 我一定要带我的孙儿们也来这看看！
Project Introduction
30% of Shanghai's native fish species are vulnerable to pollution, and 43% are impacted by habitat loss. Zhangjiabang park will reverse this trend. Zhangjiabang's 61 hectares of restored wetlands will have an estimated impact of over USd 2,000,000 per year on the regional economy.
aims higher. Its complex ecologies, coupled with a holistic interpretive program, will
Zhangjiabang is the first of Shanghai’s
fuel a new environmental ethos in one of
eight planned “green wedges” and will
the world’s largest cities. By challenging
become the city’s largest public park. As a
the existing engineered canal typology, the
catalyst for ecological and urban renewal,
landscape strategy improves water quality
the park creates an unprecedented amount
and rebuilds the biodiversity of the region’s
of wetland and woodland habitat that
aquatic ecosystems. Air quality and thermal
redefines the natural environment in a city
comfort are designed through careful spatial
whose residents have increasingly fewer
configurations, utilizing landform, planting
opportunities to experience nature. To
strategies, waterbodies, and prevailing
transform the civic life and ecological health
winds to create microclimates that relieve
of Shanghai’s Pudong District, Zhangjiabang
Shanghai’s stifling urban heat island.
这里简直是上海最棒的城市湿地！
网
湿地食物
性
物多样
增加生
统弹性
生态系 费者
三级消
费者
次级消
Raptor Platform 猛禽栖息平台 地面积
河口产卵
河/溪产卵
增大湿
湖泊/湿地产卵
费者
初级消
杂性
增强复 物 初级产
物
食草动
Yellowcheek (Elapichthys bambusa ) 鳡鱼
Barbel Chub (Squaliobarbus curriculus ) 赤眼鳟
Chinese Catfish (Silurus asotus ) 花鲶
Swamp Eel (Monopterus albus ) 黄鳝
Goldfish (Carassius auratus ) 金鱼
Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio ) 鲤鱼
076
hrub nd Lowla s S tland ou We u id c De t t 地 rgen Fores 灌木湿 Eme nd la 低地 t e W 湿地 落叶林 植物 挺水
nd
High-fin Banded Shark (Myxocyperinus asiaticus ) 胭脂鱼
Bronze Gudgeon (Coreius heterodon ) 铜鱼
Japanese Grenadier Anchovy (Coilia nasus ) 刀鲚
Chinese Bleak (Aphyocypirs chinensis ) 中华细鲫
Volume 4 / Issue 3 / June 2016
etla dW erge m b 湿地 Su 植物 沉水
Black Carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus ) 青鱼
Marbled Eel (Anguilla marmorata ) 鲈鳗 Mandarin Fish (Siniperca chuatsi ) 鳜鱼
(Cygnus colombianus ) 小天鹅
Catfish Spawning 鲶鱼产卵区
Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus ) 草鱼
© Sasaki associates, inc.
Takifugu (Takifugu obscurus ) 暗纹东方鲀
Snakehead (Channa argus ) 乌鳢
Artificial Reef Structure 人工礁石结构
ater nW e Ope tic Zon ne Lim 域湖沼区 水 开放
ore r-sh Nea l Zone a r o Litt 滨海 近岸
张
5
构
地结
园湿
公 家浜
t rgen Eme nd la t e W 湿地 植物 挺水
green nd Ever- f Lowlaous Broad-lea u Decid st 叶林 Fore 常绿阔 低地 林 落叶
© Sasaki associates, inc.
Redfin Cutter (Chanodichthyes erythropterus ) 红鳍鲌
Lotus Backwater 荷塘 (Grus grus ) 灰鹤
6
景观设计学 / 主题实践
Landscape Architecture Frontiers / Thematic practices
077
新建成的张家浜公园将提供
hm2 草甸/开放栖息地
中低连续性 hm2
Proposed Tree Cover in the New Park 新建成公园的森林覆 盖率目标
森林/林地栖息地
Evergreen broadleaf forest 常绿阔叶林 65 hm2 Upland deciduous forest 高地落叶林 16 hm2
much of the rural matrix. Recent decades
microhabitats and buffers the site from noise
of industrialization have resulted in
and air pollution from adjacent roadways.
environmental conditions so severely
Canals are re-envisioned as streams with
degraded that little wildlife remains and
gentle cross-slopes that maximize nutrient
biophysical conditions are severe. Tree
removal and reduction of suspended solids.
canopy coverage across the Shanghai metro
Additionally, community gardens will occupy
area is only 10%, while China’s national
12 hectares across two major agricultural
average for cities is 25%. A series of recently
zones with plots hedged by native flora,
published biological surveys indicate that
providing added complexity to the matrix and
species diversity and richness across all
enhancing the quality of life for residents in
studied taxa have declined. Amphibian
adjacent neighborhoods.
diversity in Shanghai has decreased from 14 高连续性
Lowland deciduous forest 低地落叶林 128 hm2
hm2
Bamboo forest 竹林 6 hm2
湿地/水生栖息地
现状场地只能提供
Existing Tree Cover at the Zhangjiabang Site 张家浜公园的现状森林覆盖率 2
的森林覆盖率
低连续性
Adjacent development is also integrated with
grounds in the shadows of run-down light
multi-modal public transit, enlivening the
industrial sites. Canals are concrete-lined,
park and reconnecting the urban fabric of
water quality is very poor, soils are disturbed,
the surrounding city.
and the entire site is biologically impoverished. Within this difficult site, small farms and
Site Context
gardens nevertheless persist. The Sasaki team sought to convert these challenges into opportunities, creating dynamism in
Zhangjiabang’s context presented
7.
7.
© Sasaki associates, inc.
hm
species to 4. Similarly, total avian diversity
maximize the opportunities for regional
in the city has decreased 63% from historic
biodiversity to recolonize and thrive. At
surveys. Plant diversity shows similar
least 22 species of IUCN listed birds that
declines. The imperative for landscape
overwinter, migrate, or breed in the region
restoration in Shanghai is self-evident, and
will utilize the robust system of wetlands
this restoration is the driver of the design
across site. At the lake’s northern shore,
strategy for Zhangjiabang Park.
the conservation hatchery prioritizes
The constructed Zhangjiabang Park will
高连续性
7
森林是张家浜公园的主 要组成部分，其有助于 净化空气、降低温度及 提供必不可少的森林栖 息地。
The design for Zhangjiabang seeks to
the reintroduction of extirpated aquatic
consist of 215 hectares of mixed forests,
species, including three extirpated frogs, an
and include 61 hectares of emergent
endangered aquatic turtle, and a broad array
wetland habitats to serve 113 hectares of
of fish species. A comprehensive selection
open water across the site. The existing
of artificial habitats throughout the park
Zhangjiabang Canal and its tributaries
includes bat nursery boxes, raptor nest
require comprehensive ecological
platforms, waterfowl nest islands, turtle
restoration to mitigate poor water quality
loafing logs, submerged fish structures,
and rebuild the biodiversity of the region’s
and cavity nest boxes. Transportation and
aquatic ecosystems. This network must also
building infrastructure will utilize wildlife-
provide flood protection as well as suitable
friendly culverts and underpasses, and
habitat for wildlife, including the millions
decommissioned existing bridges will serve
of migratory water birds that arrive each
as both pedestrian and wildlife corridors.
winter. An existing shallow lake is regraded into a 31 hectare lake with maximum depth
Building a Robust Engagement Process
of 14 meters, a diverse bathymetry, various
Woodlands are a major component of Zhangjiabang park, helping to clean and cool the air and providing urgently needed forest habitat.
constructed fish habitats, and a nature
Cultural programming for Zhangjiabang
center / conservation hatchery to support
Park gained stakeholder input through the
regional aquatic systems restoration. This
development of an innovative online tool that
lake is framed by low forested hills to the
allows users to spatially visualize program
multiple challenges. The site is highly
the program and defying the status quo with
east and a dense urban core along its
elements across time and by different
fragmented by infrastructure including an
a remarkable story of ecological rebirth
western shore. A large emergent wetland
categories. This allowed the Sasaki team to
articulated through its interpretive program.
along the eastern shore of the lake is
engage the client, a wide range of scientists
corridor, multiple roadways, and a canal
designed as a wading bird sanctuary. This
and experts, regional design institutes,
system that is being “modernized” for flood
area is buffered from roads, trails, and active
and other interest groups in the planning
uses, but is overlooked by an observation
process. Information gleaned from interactive
deck at the top of an adjacent hill.
meetings was then iteratively used to refine
Earthwork increases landscape diversity for
the park’s elements and their configuration.
elevated highway, a high-voltage power
A New Ecology
control in a highly-engineered manner. Existing conditions include derelict lands
As Shanghai continues to rapidly
surrounded by major roads and dumping
expand, urban land cover has replaced
078
Volume 4 / Issue 3 / June 2016
景观设计学 / 主题实践
Landscape Architecture Frontiers / Thematic practices
079
Falcated Duck (Anas falcata ) 罗纹鸭 Near Threatened 近危物种
Dalmatian Pelican (Pelicanus crispus ) 卷尾鹈鹕 Vulnerable 易危物种
Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca ) 白肩雕 Vulnerable 易危物种
Baer’s Pochard (Aythya baeri ) 青头潜鸭 Critically Endangered 极危物种
Chinese Egret (Egretta eulophotes ) 黄嘴白鹭 Vulnerable 易危物种
Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor ) 黑脸琵鹭 Endangered 濒危物种
Red-Crowned Crane (Grus japonesis ) 丹顶鹤 Endangered 濒危物种
Greater Spotted Eagle (Clanga clanga ) 小隼雕 Vulnerable 易危物种
Scaly-sided Merganser (Mergus squamatus ) 中华秋沙鸭 Endangered 濒危物种
Swan Goose (Anser cygnoides ) 鸿雁 Vulnerable 易危物种
张家浜公园的林地
将产出
并过滤掉
吨
吨
吨
Oriental White Stork (Ciconia boyciana ) 东方白鹳 Endangered 濒危物种
乌龟和水鸟出没的地方 鱼也一定很多！
自然风光在这里一览无余， 真是拍摄花鸟的好地方！
观鸟台
吨
(Accipiter virgatus ) 松雀鹰
林
落叶
高地 林
阔叶
常绿
河段
回水
水位
地下
叶林
落 低地
池塘
性
暂时
春季
森林 低地 区 混合
/湿地
林
阔叶
常绿 林
落叶
低地 湿地
Clanga clanga 小隼雕
Glaucidium cuculoides 班头鸺
两栖动物、爬行动物和哺乳动物
8. Black-spotted Pond Frog (Pelophylax nigro-maculatus ) 黑斑池蛙
Eastern Golden Frog (Pelophylax plancyi ) 东方金蛙
Tiger Frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus ) 泽蛙
Chinese skink (Eumeces chinensis ) 中国石龙子
Green Snake (Cyclophiops major ) 青蛇
Japanese Gecko (Gekko japonicus ) 日本蛤蚧
Habitat: Varied freshwater habitats, meadows, wet forests. 生境：淡水栖息地、草甸、湿地森林。
Habitat: Favors lotus ponds. 生境：喜爱荷塘。
Habitat: All freshwater habitats. 生境：淡水栖息地。
Habitat: Fields, meadows and woods. 生境：田野、草甸、树林。
Habitat: Fields, meadows and woods. 生境：田野、草甸、树林。
Habitat: Varied, including urban. 生境：包括城市在内的各类生境。 9.
Near Threatened 近危物种
近20年来，上海的 植物多样性降低了 52%，两栖动物多样 性降低了50%。张家 浜公园的栖息地将大 大提高区域范围内的 生物多样性。 张家浜公园的林地将 有助于在公园内部及 周边构建宜人的微气 候环境。
8.
9.
Plant diversity in the Shanghai region has decreased by 52% in the past two decades, and amphibian diversity has decreased by 50%! Zhangjiabang's habitats will replenish regional biodiversity. Zhangjiabang's woodlands will help to provide a comfortable microclimate within and adjacent to the park.
Emergent Canopy 高林冠层 Accipiter virgatus 松雀鹰
Canopy 林冠层
Bombycilla japonica 小太平鸟
Cyclophiops major 翠青蛇
Phylloscopus subaffinis 棕腹柳莺
Anoplophora glabripennis 光剑星天牛
Horornis diphone 日本树鹰
林冠下层
Asiatic Toad (Bufo gargarizans ) 中华蟾蜍
Habitat: Wetlands and ponds. Uplands for nesting. 生境：湿地、池塘；高地筑巢。
Habitat: Forests with adjacent wetlands. 生境：与湿地毗邻的森林。
Racoon Dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides ) 貉
Siberian Weasel (Mustela sibirica ) 黄鼬
Endangered 濒危物种
Chinese Rabbit (Lepus sinensis ) 中国兔
Manchurian hedgehog (Erinaceus amurensis ) 满洲刺猬
灌木层
Nyctereutes procyonoides 貉
Volume 4 / Issue 3 / June 2016
Erinaceus amurensis 刺猬
草本层
8
080
Rhinomylas brunneatus 白喉林鹟
Plestiodon chinensis 白班石龙子
景观设计学 / 主题实践
Landscape Architecture Frontiers / Thematic practices
081
Bufo gargarizans 中华大蟾蜍
© Sasaki associates, inc.
Chinese pond turtle (Chinemys reevessi ) 中国塘龟
© Sasaki associates, inc.
Papillio clytia 斑凤蝶
9
26.5km的步道系统 北部城市中心 Main Trail 主要步道 6.6 km
Urban Trail 城市步道 4.7 km
Hill Hiking Trail Urban 山地远足步道 Forest Loop 2.8 km 城市森林环路 2.9 km
城市中心
North Cultural Loop 北部文化环路 2.6 km Sports Trail 运动步道 3.8 km
Lakefront Trail 湖岸步道 4.3 km
大型公园
城市
中心
蒸发与蒸腾
吹向
蒸发与蒸腾
南部
城市
蒸发与蒸腾
吹向
湿地
城市 湖体 0m）
（40
竹林
森林
森林
12
庭院 文化 ） 0m （25
© Sasaki associates, inc.
节点
城市
剧场 露天 ） 0m 2 1 （
© Sasaki associates, inc.
森林
3~4℃ decrease within 2 km of large parks in Shanghai 在上海大型公园半径2km的范 围内，温度比市区其他地方低 3~4℃
WIND Y R ECTO TRAJ 轨迹 动 风运
草坪 文化 ） 0m 0 2 （
10
Connected to the City The park is bounded by 3.46 square
11.
12.
13.
图书馆
张家浜公园通过地形、种 植策略和经计算的空间设 计来最大程度地改善热舒 适度和空气质量。 公园里开阔的田野和草甸 不仅提供了适宜的热舒适 度，同时也为蝴蝶、蜜蜂 及其他传粉益虫提供了重 要的栖息地。 张家浜公园长达26.5km 的步道系统为使用者提供 了多种选择，并在两个城 市节点之间建立了紧密的 联系。 都市农场为城市居民带来 了独特的体验，便捷的交 通为这里带来大批游客。
10.
11.
12.
© Sasaki associates, inc.
骑了6km自行车后， 让我们静下来看看蓝天和蝴蝶！
我喜欢这片开满野花的山坡！
13.
kilometers of medium density, transit-
Zhangjiabang maximizes thermal comfort and air quality benefits through landforms, planting strategies, and calculated spatial configurations. Open fields and meadow are arranged that they not only offer thermal comfort in the park, but also provide critical habitat for butterflies, bees and other pollinators. With 26.5 km of trails, Zhangjiabang has multiple options for all users. the urban spine trail is a strong link between the two urban nodes. Urban farm provides citizens with special experience. convenient transportation brings many visitors here.
oriented, mixed-use development. Vacant industrial parcels are consolidated into a unified public open space anchored by two key urban cores. The multiple connective
Volume 4 / Issue 3 / June 2016
公园和城市空间结合得真好！
trails offer continuous human-scale interest, changing surface, and ecological context as they transition through forests, groves, boardwalk wetlands, meadows, lawns, and destination nodes. The urban spine trail threads through primary event spaces and provides a strong link between the two urban centers. Zhangjiabang’s eastern flank includes a large recreational complex of play fields enveloped by low forested topography and situated adjacent to a subway station. A playful labyrinth, sculpture gardens, and innovative play
11
082
坐地铁来这真方便！
© Sasaki associates, inc.
10.
景观设计学 / 主题实践
Landscape Architecture Frontiers / Thematic practices
13
083
A Comfortable Microclimate
landscapes provide many options for
14.
families. In total, the 26.5-kilometer trail system provides 18.5 kilometers
The design process included detailed
of universally accessible paths and 8
climate modeling, with the goal of
15.
kilometers of unpaved trails throughout
maximizing thermal comfort and air quality
the park.
benefits through landforms, planting
The urban development parcels of
15.
公园旁有一处交通导向 型综合开发区，着重打 造市政设施，并构建起 公园和交通枢纽站之间 的协同作用。
14.
strategies, and calculated spatial synergies.
transit oriented mixeduse development abutting the park focuses on civic amenities. it builds a strong synergy between the park and the transit station.
新社区践行绿色基础设 施的最佳实践标准，减 排雨洪并改善整个园区 水质。
data suggest that the microclimate of the
habitats, and ultimately ignite a new era
park will be on the order of 3 to 7 degrees
of environmental awareness in the heart
Celsius cooler than downtown Shanghai,
of Shanghai. The park’s botanical diversity
the new communities adhere to best practice standards for green infrastructure in order to reduce stormwater quantity and further improve water quality throughout the park.
providing significant public health benefits
will require new advances in native
during heat waves. Zhangjiabang’s
Chinese plant propagation, and likely will
relatively deep lake will provide increased
result in a more versatile and informed
heat transfer and evaporative cooling
horticultural industry in the region. The
at an upwind position that will decrease
design team’s proposals also seek to raise
downwind temperatures throughout the
awareness of the resources being exploited
entire park.
and wasted in green field developments
Zhangjiabang adhere to best practice
The program is configured such that
standards for green infrastructure in
alternating forest canopy and water bodies,
order to reduce stormwater runoff
and open fields are aligned with prevailing
quantity and further improve water quality
southeast summer winds to enhance passive
throughout the park. Streets will drain
cooling and provide four-season choices.
into stormwater biofiltration systems that
This microclimate design is richly informed
buffer the pedestrian experience from
by published scientific data which was
adjacent traffic lanes. Under-drained
employed to quantify the socio-ecological
part of its challenge, but implementation
more detailed design phases, the objective
street tree trenches and the extensive use
benefits of ecosystem services provided by
is moving forward with the first of four
is to evolve the understanding of public
of structural soils beneath sidewalks and
the master plan. An estimated minimum of
phases breaking ground in 2016. This
officials to move beyond propaganda
bike lanes will maximize street tree health
100,000 trees will be planted in Zhangjiabang
phased construction process will help to
buzzwords and greenwash towards a
and vigor, and further increase subsurface
Park, providing tangible microclimate
build social capital, train local stakeholders
genuine embrace of a new urban ecology
stormwater storage capacity.
benefits and pollution mitigation. Existing
in the value of the park’s constructed
for Shanghai.
in the city, with a goal of salvaging plants
A Catalyst for Positive Change
from concurrent redevelopment projects throughout the greater Shanghai region.
The very scale of the project also is
Overall, as the project moves forward into
休闲娱乐项目
休闲娱乐项目
滨湖步道
水生园 游客中心
垂钓区
露天剧场
湿地教育基地
湿地教育基地
观鸟区
野餐区
市场酒店综合体 艺术馆
野餐区
观景台
运河滨河林荫道
林间景观道
自行车赛道 零售市场区块
滨河休闲缓冲带
林间景观道
游泳场
运河岸线
跑步道
公园入口广场
泛舟区
自行车赛道
雕塑公园
放风筝场
放风筝场 河景庭院
跑步道
篮球场
地铁站
零售市场及 游乐中心
滨湖步道
14
084
Volume 4 / Issue 3 / June 2016
© Sasaki associates, inc.
© Sasaki associates, inc.
园景住宅庭院
15
景观设计学 / 主题实践
Landscape Architecture Frontiers / Thematic practices
085