Urban Center Developing

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING Nagarjuna Nagar - 522 510, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India

CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the Design Thesis entitled NALLA SASHI KIRAN carried out by Mr. /Miss Ar.GUNA.SATYA, bearing Hall Ticket No: Y14AP0141, currently in fourth year B.Arch., during the academic year 2019-20, in partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE from ANU College of Architecture and Planning is a record of bonafide work to be the best of our knowledge and may be placed before the examination board for their consideration.

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Thesis Guide

_________________

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Thesis Coordinator

Asst. Principal (Academics)

__________________ _____________ ________________

Asst. Principal (Admin) Principal External examiner Date:

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DESIGN THESIS

ATHENAEUM

(CIVIC,CULTURAL AND COMMERCIAL CENTER)

BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE 2014 - 2019

NALLA SASHI KIRAN Y14AP0141

Under the Guidance of Ar. GUNA.SATYA

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY

ANU COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING

Nagarjuna Nagar - 522 510, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis would not have been possible without the guidance help of several individuals who in one way or another contributed and extended their assistance in the preparation and completion of this study.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This thesis would not have been possible without the guidance help of several individuals

who in one way or another contributed and extended their assistance in the preparation and completion of this study.

This report has been successfully completed with the help, guidance and gracious support

of Ar. GUNA SATYA (Guide), Assistant Professor at Acharya Nagarjuna University College of Architecture and Planning.

I am extremely thankful to guidance and continual support given by my Parents who en-

couraged and helped me in every step of my thesis project and also thankful to honourable Asst.principal Prof. Ar. K.V. NIRUPAMA, for selection and implementation of Topic.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction ..................................................................................6 1.1 - BACK DROP :...............................................................................................................................6 1.1.1 - Evolution of Urban Prospects :............................................................................................. 6 1.1.2 - Urban Facilities :..................................................................................................................... 8 1.1.3 - Urban Stratifications :............................................................................................................. 9 1.1.4 - Urban Unifications :............................................................................................................... 9 1.2 - THESIS STAND POINT’S :.........................................................................................................9

2. SYNOPSIS .....................................................................................11 2.1 - AIM :..............................................................................................................................................11 2.2 - OBJECTIVIES :.............................................................................................................................11 2.3 - SCOPE :..........................................................................................................................................11 2.3 - LIMITATIONS :............................................................................................................................12 2.4 - CONCLUSION :...........................................................................................................................12 2.5 - DEFINATIONS :...........................................................................................................................12 2.6 - METHODOLOGY :.....................................................................................................................13

3. Desktop Studies..........................................................................14 3.1 - STRUCTURE EXAMPLE 1 :......................................................................................................14 3.2 - STRUCTURE EXAMPLE 2 :......................................................................................................20

4. case Study....................................................................................24 4.1 - CASE STUDY 1 :..........................................................................................................................24 4.2 - CASE STUDY 2 :..........................................................................................................................32

5. Literature Study.........................................................................45 5.1 - ABSTRACT :.................................................................................................................................45 5.2 - DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN CENTER :...............................................................................46 5.2.1 - Civic Development in Urban Center :................................................................................. 46 5.2.2 - Cultural Development in Urban Center :............................................................................ 46 5.2.3 - Commercial Development in Urban Center :..................................................................... 47 5.3 - PUBLIC SPACE SPECIFICATION :..........................................................................................47 5.4 - RECOMMENDED STUDIES :..................................................................................................48 Y14AP0141

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5.4.1 - Recreational park :.................................................................................................................. 48 5.4.2 - Community Sports club ( Indoor ) :..................................................................................... 49 5.4.3 - Conventional center:.............................................................................................................. 52 5.4.4 - Auditorium:............................................................................................................................. 52 5.4.5 - Markets :................................................................................................................................... 55 5.4.6 - Shopping Mall/Complex :...................................................................................................... 57 5.4.7 - Restuarents and Eating Places :............................................................................................ 58 5.4.8 - Square’s & Plaza :.................................................................................................................... 59 5.4.9 - Landscaping :.......................................................................................................................... 62 5.4.10 - Parking :................................................................................................................................ 63 5.5 - GREEN BUILDING :...................................................................................................................64 5.1 - BUILDING FIRE SAFTY MAJORS :.........................................................................................65

6. site proposal.............................................................................. 68 Amaravati Master Plan.........................................................................................................................69 6.1 SITE ANALYSIS ..........................................................................................................................73 6.2 DEMOGRAPHY:...........................................................................................................................74 6.3 GEOGRAPHY:...............................................................................................................................78 6.4 SITE JUSTIFICATION..................................................................................................................82 6.5 COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS.........................................................................................................83

7. DESIGN DEVELOPMENT............................................................ 87 REFERENCES:........................................................................................................................................

DRAWINGS............................................................................................................................................

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1. I

ntroduction

The Athenaeum word Used in the names of studies which concerned with literature, science, and art. Here the athenaeum is included with the civic, culture and commercial complex which are conceived as major centers, while serving the communities with reasonable variety of servies and facilities also as centers of socio-cultural activity where the communities can get together.

Understanding people needs in commercial public spaces: about accessibility and lived experiences

in social settings often historical, political and the geographic heart of the city for the urbanisation development. Urban Centres which are ment to serve as the apex of multi-nodal activites of the communities with diverse populations, a range of employment opportunities, public spaces, and lively cultural and entertainment amenities. These characteristics makes as a public realm ideal locations to direct and accommodate growth in the region.

1.1 - BACK DROP :

The decline of inner-city manufacturing industries is a global phenomenon, leaving

behind vacant land and brownfield sites in cities. These post-industrial areas with their negative image of unconcern and obsolete urban environments have prompted many cities to implement various redevelopment strategies, among which is the concept of the Urban Entertainment Center (UEC), which combines shopping, recreation, and entertainment, with various public spaces. This study attempts to understand the changes that have been triggered by the revitalization strategy of UEC development in large-scale post-industrial sites.

Here, Special Planning District (SPD) regulation has been adopted to induce creative and long-term urban developments; however, this has been limited to private high-rise residential buildings. This examines two UEC development cases applied along with the SPD in semi-industrial areas for their achievements that differ from former implementations. This analysis reveals several positive aspects: it provides a sustainable urban infrastructure for the region, overcomes the limitations of the SPD regulation practice, and establishes improved urban environment and design quality oriented toward public interest. The “privatization of planning” has become an issue in redevelopment projects. However, the two UEC precedents that are discussed imply that building cooperative public–private partnerships through a reciprocal process will secure more public benefit overall.

1.1.1 - Evolution of Urban Prospects :

Over the last few centuries urban planning has evolved radically. The building of

cities and towns has a complex and history. Although urban planning has only been recognized as a distinct profession for less than a century, cities worldwide reflect the different elements of conscious design in everyY14AP0141

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thing from their layout to their functionality. In early times, cities provided a safe environment from outside forces and have always been the center of government. With the introduction of modern aerial warfare, cities have become key targets for destruction rather than safe zones. There are some the planning highlights at this infographic that has some simple visualizations of complex planning ideas that have changed how we live.

Fig 1 - Urban Planning Evolution Systems

• The Nolli Map [ Ar. Giambattista Nolli ] 1748 Nolli’s map established the now common practice of portraying entire citiess from above without a single focal point.

• The garden City [ Ar. Ebenezer Howard ] 1903

Fig 1.1

It has design an alternative to the overcrowded and polluted industrial cities of the turn of the century, and his solution centered on creating smaller “garden cities” (with 32000 people each) Fig 1.2

• The Setback Principle [ Ar. Hugh Ferriss ] 1916 As cities came to fill with skyscrapers in the early 20th century, planners turned their interst from the layout and footprint of neighborhoods at street level to the volume of buildings as they rose towards the sky.

Fig 1.3

• The Broadacre City [ Ar. Frank Lloyd Wright ] 1932 He took the geometry of this rural grid even further in this vision for a utopia with each family living on an acre of its own.

• The Radiant City [ Ar. Le Corbusier ] 1933

Fig 1.4

He was trying to find a fix for the same problems of urban popullation and overcrowding but unlike Howard,he envisioned building up, not out.

His ideas later reappeared in the design of massive public housing projects in the U.S in the era of urban renewal.

Fig 1.5

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• The Psychogeography [ Ar.Kevin Lynch ] 1960 From the 1950s sought to capture the city as it was experienced by actual people, not as it was designed from the top down by architects and planners.

Fig 1.6

• The Megaregion [ Ar. Jean Gottamn ] 1961 Planners increasingly talk today about issues involving transportation, the economy and the environment not at the scale of communities or cities, but within whole regions where multiple metros link together.

Fig 1.7

• The Trancent [ Ar.Andres Duany ] 2000 Trancents have been used by planners as a visual landscapes into multiple uses. The Rural to urban zones and has bocome a popular framework among New Urbanists.

1.1.2 - Urban Facilities :

Fig 1.8

A growing body of research indicates that people pay more to have access to urban ame-

nities. For example, houses close to parks are generally more valuable. Parks, schools, small retail, and transit are some of the amenities that make for a rich urban experience. When considering development and redevelopment potential it is important to also consider how investments, but public and private, can change the desirability of an area. A package of urban amenities can increase desirability and competition for real estate in an area. This in turn increases the rent that property owners can achieve. Higher achievable rents can allow developers to consider larger scale, higher quality real estate projects. The increased investment activity can result in a “virtuous cycle” of even more desireability and investment. The planning of amenities and utility services include the facilities like educational, medical, transport, housing, electricity, post and telegraph, telephone exchange, police station, fire station,community hall and library, cinema theatre, swimming pool, stadium,open air theatre, religious building, Auditorium, parks, play grounds,water supply, drainage, sanitation, Barial ground etc. In the present, the research is going to suggest the essential amenities and utility services, which are inadequate.

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1.1.3 - Urban Stratifications :

Based on the regional context analysis, existing conditions analysis and the socioeconomic study; a regional growth strategy is developeded. This strategy will guide the broad land use requirements and physical planning catering to the projected population on and economic growth by Year X (beyond years). This also presents Perspective Plan illustrating the planning scenario for the regionThe planning upon the aminities and facilities development of region is stratified to the particular civilised urbanization.

1.1.4 - Urban Unifications : .

The Unification/Hybridisation is one that combines or adapts one of the previously

discussed aminities. For example, system manufacturers will connect multiple facilities missions using a interconnect to create a hybrid system with a communications model involving two or more different levels of service. The hybrid buildings are organisms with multiple uses interconnected, ready to serve the required activities as those unexpected needs of the city. The mixture of different uses is a retrofitting system which stimulates those weaker activities, so each party gets its own profit. The hybrid buildings are design to produce a mixture between the public and the private activities which take place inside of it.

1.2 - THESIS STAND POINT’S : • Why the Adaptation of Civic, Culture & Commercial ?

Collective urban spaces have historically been civic, cultural (i.e. religious and lei-

sure) and commercial in nature. These urban programs benefited from their physical proximity. An intimate coexistence of constituted the traditional city center. This formula for social and economic sustenance is well tested. In the present day, segregated zoning and a shift toward the privatization of public space has changed the nature of collective urban space. Civic, cultural, and commercial institutions have been isolated. The three types of institution no longer benefit from their physical proximity. This result of the separation of the fragmentation and effective disintegration of collective urban space.

Asserts the formal recognition of collective urban space in the disintegrated urban context of the

megalopolis. The project is sited in Delhi, an exemplar of contemporary polycentric urbanism where the influence of religious institutions still has the capacity to choreograph public life. The design takes the future nodal interchange between the freeway system and proposed site for the new high speed rail station connecting as a one-time opportunity for densification and to establish a new kind of collective urban space.

Integrated with road and rail transportation systems, the thesis conceives an urban nucleus for the city and the region.

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• What is the operating system of Hybrid Building ?

The term of ‘hybrid building’ appears in various architectural media or blog in re-

cent years. Hybrid building includes both the city context and the architecture itself, which is characterized by a high programmatic complexity. It seems like an improved version of mixed use building to solve problems related to mixed use such as land scarcity.

Building Hybridisation ; The hybrid buildings should be emplaced in high-density areas, with limitations for the land occupancy. The hybrid scheme proposes environments where different kinds of activities mix together, improving the habitat conditions and revitalizing the surrounding areas.

Usually, these buildings tend to be super-buildings, mega structures or city-buildings. The mixed use

requires a high infrastructure, with an appropriation of surface area. The hybrid scale and its relationship with its surrounding area is measured by the proximity of programmatic sections. In vertical hybrids the uses are added by superposition, while in the horizontal hybrids the mixed uses are formed by addition in floor plant.

In conclusion, the term of ‘mixed use building’ is used for a long time, its definition is not perfect and

maybe outdated in nowadays, The new term of “hybrid building” is the basic of mixed use to make improvement in order to fit world’s changing and demand/requirements. Actually, many architects/designers use the definition of hybrid building within their buildings design, as they focus the public space, user’s interaction and spatial arrangement. However, some architects/designers still use the term of ‘mixed use building’. The reason maybe there is no a very clear and common definition for ‘hybrid building’, or these two terms are mixed use already.

Fig 2 - Difference in Mixed Use and Hybrid Building (verticalcommunityinhybrid.wordpress.com)

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2. S

YNOPSIS

2.1 - AIM : • To Create a Space which forms the node of experience appropriate to Commercial, Cultural and Social activities and provides atonomous urban center as public realm.This project will be Hybrid between socio culture and Commercial center as the one stop destination to much reduced scale.

• To propose the Urban center project with the regional context analysis in Amaravathi the upcomming capital city in Andra Pradesh for the users with the healthy habitat through the best design implication often with the climatic responsive approch.

2.2 - OBJECTIVIES : • Submerge of Urban facilities which correlate each other and form unified complex as the urban center.

• Following Green Building architectural visions as the design for climatic responsive.

• Forming engaging space to the public with plaza’s, markets and street food activities.

• Identifying the concept of hybridisation of building and implimenting in design with secured environment.

• Zoning the spaces harmoniously appropriate to the function with other spaces.

• Sustainability of design entity and surrounding environment.

• Concluding the center as the tourism attraction spot with global facilities.

2.3 - SCOPE : • This was major developing commercial district in the region the site is an opportunity to look into the significant context with an architectural viewpoint.

• The district center will not only promote social activities, humanities commerce but also provide employment and improve the economy of the region.

• The overall development is based upon the urban entities and brings profit to the government sector as well as the targetted users.

• Several aminities and facilities from this project is based on the target users all the housing gruops mostly MIG surrounded in the district center.

• This interdepartmental project will create comprehensive longterm vision for the improvement of the streets and public space quality of living.

• Assemblage of plazas and street paths along this axis were originally envisioned as premier outdoor spaceings.

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2.3 - LIMITATIONS : • Space, material and construction systems of these built forms are studied to identify physical design elements and space system based linkages that can be adapted to be applied in the design.

• The literature review encompasses study and inferences from available texts on vernacular systems of design and opinions of experts and other researchers on relevance of continuity of traditional systems.

• The focus shall be on the visuals of architectural construction and no estimations or costing will be elaborated.

2.4 - CONCLUSION :

In conclusion, the term of ‘mixed use building’ is used for a long time, its definition is not

perfect and maybe outdated in nowadays, The new term of “hybrid building” is the basic of mixed use to make improvement in order to fit world’s changing and demand/requirements. Actually, many architects/ designers use the definition of hybrid building within their buildings design, as they focus the public space, user’s interaction and spatial arrangement. However, some architects/designers still use the term of ‘mixed use building’. The reason maybe there is no a very clear and common definition for ‘hybrid building’, or these two terms are mixed use already.

2.5 - DEFINATIONS : • Mixed Use ; A building partly used for non-residential activities except industrial purpose and partly for residential purpose.

• Hybrid Building ; A building aims to combine three or more uses into one structure such as residential, hotel, retail, parking, transportation, cultural, and entertainment. Whatever the combination, it brings together several uses within either one building or a small area.

A hybrid building is one that combines structural elements from more than one of the traditional five

types listed in the building codes. Hybrid buildings are classified by building officials as the type which uses the most combustible elements.These buildings tend to be super-buildings, mega structures or city-buildings.

The mixed use requires a high infrastructure, with an appropriation of surface area. The hybrid scale and its relationship with its surrounding area is measured by the proximity of programmatic sections. In vertical hybrids the uses are added by superposition, while in the horizontal hybrids the mixed uses are formed by addition in floor plant.

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2.6 - METHODOLOGY :

APPLICABLE DATA LITERATURE STUDY

PROJECT BRIEF

STANDARDS

Vista Exchage precinct (SINGAPORE) DESKTOP STUDY Tamar Government Complex ( HONG KONG ) BHIKAJI CAMA PLACE ( DELHI ) CASE STUDY NEHRU PLACE ( DELHI ) INFERENCES PROPOSED SITE STUDY

& DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

COMAPARATIVE ANALYSIS

ZONNING

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

SCHEMATIC

FINAL

DRAWINGS

DRAWINGS

Fig 3 - Flow chart of study methodology

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3. D

esktop Studies

3.1 - STRUCTURE EXAMPLE 1 : Location

- Vista Xchange precinct of one-north, Singapore

Building

- Singapore Civic, Culture and commercial Centre (The Star Vista)

Area (G.F.A)

- 54,000 sq.m

SITE AREA: 19,267 sq.m

Development comprises of cultural; civic & retail uses and when complete will provide a

premier entertainment, lifestyle and retail experience for one-north and the wider Singapore community.

SPACES - The design for the 24,000 sq. retail space responds to the challenging site topography as the zone spirals inwards addressing the major entry points and culminates in an open amphitheatre.

- Above, a 40m high grand foyer creates a visual and spatial connection between the retail, civic and cultural zones.

- The focus of the cultural zone is a 5,000 plus seat auditorium, which will be the largest venue of its kind in Singapore capable of staging amplified musicals, concerts and other large-scale visual events.

- The venue is supported with administration, artist and technical support, function spaces, foyers, concessions and circulation spaces making up the remainder of the 30,000 sq. cultural and civic program.

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The concept design is driven by the desire to blur the boundaries between retail and cultural zones and indoor and outdoor spaces with flowing spatial transitions that encourage discovery and deliver an energetic civic node serving one-north and beyond.

https://www.google.co.in/maps/place/The+Star+Vista/@1.3026679,103.7923064,428a,35y,324.69h,51.65t/ data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x31da1a42945558f7:0x8c2a969d6131f79b!8m2!3d1.3067634!4d103.788423 6?hl=en

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PLANS OF BUILDING AND FROMATIONS

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LEVEL 5 : THEATER ATRIUM

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LEVEL 9 : THEATER

LEVEL 11 : UPPER FUNCTION HALL

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3.2 - STRUCTURE EXAMPLE 2 : Location

– Hong Kong, Tamar Government Complex

Building

- mixed use (Civic & Recreational)

Area

- 10 acres / 4 hectares

Architect

- Rocco design architects

This iconic new civic space demonstrates the power of landscapes to restore lost connections, trans-

form perceptions and promote civic engagement.

https://www.hok.com/design/type/government/hong-kong-tamar-government-complex Y14AP0141

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• AWARDS 1. IFLA Asia Pacific Landscape Architecture Awards – Outstanding Award, Cultural and Urban Landscape 2. ASLA St. Louis – Honor Award 3. Urban Land Institute – Global Awards for Excellence 4. International Design Awards – Urban Design, Silver Award

Government Headquarters is located at the historical site of Tamar, a former naval dockyard. It is an intricately composed Government Complex, integrating three principal facilities: the HKSAR Government Offices, the Chief Executive’s Office and the Legislative Council Complex.

The design projects a unifying composition, while each facility maintains its identity and expression befitting to its function. The two wings of Government Offices are joined together at the upper level, creating the visual metaphor of an opening door.

The low block embodies the Legco chamber,the Ante-chamber,the Conferrence and press rooms,the dinning Hall,etc.The Legco Chamber,in an elliptical form facing harbour provides a distintive landmark for the site.

The ground floor of the Legco low block is primerily public in nature.The public Foyer overlooks the “Green Carpet”and has convenient access via escalators and lifts to gallery levels of the LegCo camber.

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PLANS OF BUILDINGS AND FROMATIONS Promenade

ENTRANCE TO C.E.O

PUBLIC OPEN SPACE Vehicular access for Lego complex Drop Off

Vehicular access for Chief executive’s office

LEGO COMPLEX HIGH BLOCK

CHIEF EXICUTIVE OFFICE

Chief executive’s office

LEGO COMPLEX LOW BLOCK

CENTRAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES

Vehicular access for central gov office Vehicular access for Lego complex car parking

Chief executive’s office ENTRANCE TO LEGO COMPLEX HIGH BLOCK PUBLIC ENTRANCE TO CENTRAL GOVERNMENT OFFICES

Chief executive’s office Vehicular access for central government office Vehicular access for Chief executive’s office service Chief executive’s office

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The design of the Tamar Redevelopment

Project provided an opportunity to create a unique public open space for Hong Kong’s citizens. The Tamar site occupies a prominent location within the city’s central business district. It also anchors a new Central Waterfront open space system that reconnects the city with the historic Victoria Harbour and the mountains that provide an iconic backdrop for the skyline.

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Plenary Hall

•

President Suite office

•

Ante-Chamber

•

Conference Room

•

Press Conference Room

•

Press Room

•

Dining Hall

•

Member’s Office

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4. c

ase Study

4.1 - CASE STUDY 1 : Location

– DELHI, BHIKAJI CAMA PLACE, RK. PURAM, NEW DELHI

Typology

- Mixed Use (Commercial, Social &Civic)

Area

- 1.6 Lak sq.m / 40 acres

The Bhika-

ji

Cama Place is located in the southern part of New Delhi. Lajpat Nagar is located on its eastern side, Hauz Khas is located on its southeaster side, Delhi Cantonment is located on its western side and Sarojini Nagar is located on its northern side.

Bhikaji Cama Place is mainly a commercial area slash business centre, surrounded by other buildings with fields related to tourism, the government and other fields. Since the place is located at a prime area, there are tons of dining options around it. It is also easily accessible from any part of Delhi via public transport.

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The site projects the image of a business district to the city with tall buildings which have shaded with; •

walkable street sections

•

central public square

•

cultural complex.

Pedestrian access is encouraged and commercial and cultural activity on lower floors invites public movement throughout the day. Principles of solar passive design were integrated in the urban design guidelines to make the complex environmentally sustainable.

The site under consideration for this design was Bhikaji Cama Place. Studies were conduct-

ed on the immediate urban context as well as its setting in the city. Analysis showed that the location of the site and its level of connectivity with major transport hubs makes it an ideal zone for a business and cultural hub for Delhi, although, the existing complex is majorly underutilized and hence, in a state of disrepair. Difficult pedestrian access, lack of public interface and inadequate parking are major causes for this state.

This urban design project, done in groups of three, was part of our final year design curric-

ulum. The aim was to redesign the district centre complex at Bhikaji Cama Place, originally built in 1980 to cater to the current and future needs of the growing city of Delhi.

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PLANS OF BUILDINGS AND FROMATIONS

Site plan

section

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1

2 3

14 15 13

1. OFFICE 1 2.

2 2 2. OFFICE OFFICE 3. OFFICE 3 4.

4 3 3. OFFICE OFFICE 5. OFFICE 5 6.

4. SHOPPING OFFICEMALL 4 7. OFFICE 6 8.

1 5. INFORMAL OFFICE MARKET 5 9. MULTIPURPOSE HALL 10.

MARKET 2 6. INFORMAL SHOPPING MALL

5

18

6

19 11

1. OFFICE 1

16

17 12

4

8 10

9

7

Typical Floor Plan • • • • • • • • •

FIRE STATION SERVICE BLOCK HOTEL OFFICE 7 ART GALLERY LIBRARY AUDITORIUM MULTIPLEX FOOD COURT

7. OFFICE 6

1. FIRE STATION 2. SERVICE BLOCK 3. HOTEL 4. OFFICE 7 5. ART GALLERY 6. LIBRARY

AUDITORIUM There are lots of changes are held in the present site scenario 7. as we see in the site location 8. INFORMAL MARKET 1 which shown in above location map.

8. MULTIPLEX

9. MULTIPURPOSE Therefore, this design aimsHALL to create an integrated development with a cultural complex 9. FOOD COURT including auditoria, multiplex, court, library, art galleries, commercial spaces and office 10. INFORMAL MARKETfood 2 spaces at a city level. The close proximity to the urban village of Mohammadpur has been

There are lots of changes arefor held in the present scenario as see in the site location addressed with a multi utility platform recreation and site to facilitate anwe informal market providing employment and connectivity the centre. green space around the which shownboth in above location map.Therefore, thisto design aims to The create an integrated development with monument has been landscaped and made accessible to the residents.

a cultural complex including auditoria, multiplex, food court, library, art galleries, commercial spaces and office spaces at a city level. The close proximity to the urban village of Mohammadpur has been addressed with a multi utility platform for recreation and to facilitate an informal market providing both employment and connectivity to the centre. The green space around the monument has been landscaped and made accessible to the residents.

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Cultural activities of Delhi south west have been included in the hotel Hyatt regency and

Cultural activities of Delhi south west have been included in the hotel Hyatt regency and with other formal activities. with other formal activities.

HYATT REGENCY POLO LOUNGE CLUB OLYMPUS FITNESS & SPA NAV CRAFTS THE MANSION NATIONAL COTTAGE EMPORIUM • HOUSE A CLUB • OTHER RESTUARENT’s AND BAR • • • • •

NAV CRAFTS

NATIONAL COTTAGE EMPORIUM

MANSION EVENT ROOM 2

• •

POLO LOUNGE

MANSION EVENT ROOM

THE MANSION

NIGHT CLUB

CELECRATION OF 1 YEAR AS SOCIAL DESTINATION POINT

• the Allcultural the cultural gathering formations at high grades easy access groupsofofpeople. people.

All gathering formations are are at high grades notnot easy to to access forfor allallgroups

• architectural aspects are flowed as acoustically and ambience in the interior works as per the Architectural aspects are flowed as acoustically and ambience in the interior works as per the utilization utilization of spaces. of•spaces.

Elevational ambience is flowed with the local available materials like red sandstone and granite stones which was mostly available in Delhi for longer life of build-ups.

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SITE PROPAGANDA -

PHASE 1 • • • • • • • •

Vijay Gupta architect office Bank Sectors ABC Consultants Pvt.Ltd Western Resort Country Club UCC & Associations LLP (Gov) HP Fuel Station Hotels and restaurants Co-working spaces

PHASE 2

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•

Satyam Inox

•

Park and Temple

•

Multilevel Parking

•

Other Startup companies

•

Banking Sectors

•

Food and restaurants

•

Exclusive Stores & Enterprises •

Other market spaces

•

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• Manisha Building • Other Corporate Offices and Agencies

e

mpanies

rants

aces

PHASE 3

Other marketing centers

• Farm Bhavan

•

• Exclusive Stores and Centers

• Stalls

• Service Tax Office (gov)

• SDMC surface Parking

• Local Banking Sectors

• Art Gallery

N

• Power House

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Elevational ambience is flowed with the local available materials like red sandstone and granite

stones which was mostly available in Delhi for longer life of build-ups.

Bhikaiji is one of Delhi’s Business Districts.

TheDistricts. major design concerns Cama Place Bhikaiji Cama Place is Central one of Delhi’s Central Business The major designinconthis project were a need to improve the scale of spaces and reorganize vehicular flow and cerns in this project were a need to improve the scale of spaces and reorganize vehicular flow and pedespedestrian movement. trian movement.The redevelopment of plazas and streets included provisions for public conveniences, rain

The redevelopment of plazas and streets included provisions for public conveniences, rain water harvesting,parking parking systems comprehensive signage. to plaza spaces has been improved water harvesting, systems andand comprehensive signage.Access Access to plazathe spaces hassteps been improved by redesigning the existing steps and mosaic work on by redesigning existing and incorporating ramps for barrier-free movement.Tile incorporating ramps for barrier-free movement. planters, ramps and steps has been used to add colour.

Tile mosaic work on planters, ramps and steps has been used to add colour.

PLAZA DESIGNS IN BHIKAJI CAMA PLACE

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4.2 - CASE STUDY 2 : Location

– Nehru Place, Greater Kailash, opposite lotus temple, NEW DELHI

Building

- Mixed Use (Commercial & Recreational Centre)

Area

- 4.5 lak m² / 96 acres

Nehru Place is a large commercial, financial, and business centre in Delhi, India. Though its importance as a financial centre has declined in recent years, Nehru Place is still a prominent commercial area in South Delhi and houses the headquarters of several Indian firms and rivals with other financial centres in the metropolis like Connaught Place, Bhikaji Cama Place and Rajendra Place. It is widely considered to be a major information technology hub of South Asia named after the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, its main commercial district was built in the early 1980s, and consists of several buildings, that flank a large pedestrian courtyard, built over an underground parking. Although poorly maintained, most of the original structures are still in use.

Nehru place is a largest commercial, financial and business centre in Delhi.it is a prominent

commercial area in south Delhi and houses the headquarters of several Indian firms. Its earlier name was Kalkaji complex. Which was the biggest of all the 15 districts centres proposed in the 1962 master plan of Y14AP0141

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Delhi. planned by Delhi development authority, approx. of 40-hectare site was built atop the Aravalli mountain range.

By the 1980’s, it was renamed Nehru place, after Jawaharlal Nehru, and functioned more as a regional commercial, financial and business centre. today, it is one of the Asia’s largest IT hubs. Hundreds of multinational technology companies and corporate labour, bringing 1,30,000 people daily from all corners of Delhi.

New Delhi is the capital city of India. It serves as the centre of the Government of India and the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. It is situated within the metropolis of Delhi and is one of the fastest growing cities in the world. New Delhi is one of the nine districts of Delhi. The total area of the city is 42.7 km2.

Delhi, where an empire rose and fell before the dawn of history; where citadels of emperors

appeared and disappeared; a city of mysterious eternity whose old ruins proclaim a majestic and imperial past and whose present pulsates vibrantly with the ever-flowing life of India. The eternal Jamuna bears witness to the glorious and tumultuous 5,000-year-old history of Delhi. A history which begins with the creation of Indraprastha by the Pandavas and the transformation of this barren gift of the Kauravas into an idyllic haven.

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SITE ACTIVITIES:

As Nehru Place lies next to the outer ring

road, an arc that encompasses major parts of south Delhi, it can be easily accessed by all forms of public transport. it has its own Delhi-metro station on violet line. it has its own bus terminal, popularly known as Nehru place bus terminal.30 mins from nizamuddin railway station and 1 hour from new Delhi railway station.

Nehru Place was planned to decentralize Delhi’s commercial activity from Chandni chowk and Connaught place.

The main plaza is a 4- storey complex, home to around 1500 offices, 400 registered it dealers, computer retailers, textile and digital printing and eateries. The common areas of plaza are dotted with 600 hawkers.

Between the textile, digital printing and it industries and hundreds of hawkers selling items from spare electronics parts and pirated software to clothes and shoes, Nehru Place has become a city centre which covers all the urban needs and formations.

Planning Showing Areas of Formal Retail Area ~ 12877.81 SQ’M

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Planning showing area of informal activities about 16501.70 sq’m (approx.)

Total informal retail area 9900.259 sq’m

Core Office Complex (G+8) maximum Total area about 1,40,000 Sq’m

Areas of towers located around offices total area about 1,70,000 Sq’m

The master plan for the district centre prepared by the planning department of the DDA

(Delhi Development Authority), was developed around a number of well-defined square plazas linked by elongated spaces flanked by two levels of shopping arcades on both sides, with seven floors of offices above.

The site, located on a rocky hill involved change in level of over 15 metres, resulting in a series of wide steps connecting different courts. The central space was continuous and uninterrupted, free of vehicular traffic. A series of independent isolated 15/16 storey office towers were located on the outside. Approximately half of the proposed total development was built in the first phase, and substantial areas still remain undeveloped. The overall concept was simple and direct, and despite poor maintenance this still remains an urban

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space of some significance. A space that now urgently calls for improvement and upgrading.

It is of interest to note that some years

independent isolated 15/16 storey office towers were located on the outside. ago in mid-2000, a senior architect and town Approximately half of the proposed total development was built in the first phase, andplanner “Mr substantial areas still remain undeveloped. The overall concept wasappointed simple and direct, Kuldip Singh” had been

by DDA to and do a study despite poor maintenance this still remains an urban space of some significance. A space the revitalization of the Nehru Place District Centre. that now urgently calls for improvement andfor upgrading.

INFO:

Based on a systematic review, a report was submitted incorporating detailed recommendations. It was suggested It is of interest to note that some years ago in mid2000, seniormaintenance architect and agency town planner “Mr to take on that a aproper be created Kuldip Singh” had been appointed by DDA to do a the responsibility of managing and maintaining study for the revitalization of the Nehru Place the infra-

District Centre. Based on a systematic review, a structure on a continuing basis. The study made specific report was submitted incorporating detailed recommendations.

It was suggested that afor proper proposals for the use of the open plazas outdoor dinmaintenance agency be created to take on the ing, and their of overall improvement with the introduction responsibility managing and maintaining the infrastructure on a continuing basis. The study of seating around landscaped areas, advertising strucmade specific proposals for the use of the open plazas for outdoor dining, and their overall NCDC (National Cooperative Development Corpora- tures, and proper lighting. Proposals were also prepared improvement with the introduction of seating tion), New Delhi Head Quarters landscaped areas, advertising for a multi-storey parking structure located on the around plot west of the IFCI building, which structures, included shops, and and proper lighting. Proposals were also prepared an informal market to accommodate hawkers andfor vendors.

DDA simply ignored thelocated study and its recoma multi-storey parking structure on the plot west of the IFCI building, which included mendations, and took no action. shops, and an informal market to accommodate NCDC (National Cooperative Development and vendors. ignoredthis thestill remains

The overall concept was simple andhawkers direct, and despiteDDA poorsimply maintenance Corporation), New Delhi Head Quarters study and its recommendations, and took no anThe urban space concept of some significance.

A space thataction. now urgently calls for improvement and upgrading. overall was simple and

direct, and despite poor maintenance this still remains an urban space of some significance.

A space that now urgently calls for improvement and upgrading.

SUN PATH SUN PATH: 00:00—04:22 — night 04:22—04:53 — astronomical twilight 04:53—05:22 — nautical twilight 05:22—05:47 — dawn 05:47—05:50 — sunrise 05:50—19:05 — daylight 19:05—19:07 — sunset 19:07—19:32 — dusk 19:32—20:02 — nautical twilight 20:02—20:33 — astronomical twilight 20:33—00:00 — night N

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User Analysis

FOOTFALL; (approx.)

•

Visitors every day – 1,30,000

•

Visitors by car

•

Visitors by metro -31,200

•

Visitors by two wheelers-19,500

•

Visitors by three wheelers – 2900

•

Visitors by foot

– 357

•

Visitors by bus

– 70

- 37,600

AREAS; (approx.)

Formal Retail Shops – 12,900 sq.m Total Paved Area – 16,500 sq.m Total Informal retail shops – 9900.250 sq.m

Total Built-up area – 70 acres / 2,86,780 sq.m

Core Complex office floors-G+8(max)area-

Total site area – 110 acres

310,000 sq.m

Site Area left – 40 acres (used for Recreational / Fu-

Tower Floors (G+14) or more – total surface park- ture Development) ing – 48,000 sq.m

ARCHITECTECTS –

Total Basement Parking-2,600 sq.m

Started By:

Total Multilevel Parking-24,000 sq.m

Completed By: Ar. RATHAN SING at 1976

Ar. DHARMAN MALIK at 1970

Total Parking Area – 74,600 sq.m

Nehru Place is mainly treated as the centre

for SME of IT services, Nehru Place is hub for all forms of IT hardware dealers, such as personal computers (PC), servers, networking equipment, software, documentation services and all allied services.

Pedestrian Movement Plan Parking Capacity •

parking near Devika towers 50 cars & 50 two wheelers.

•

Parking near Modi towers capacity 90 cars due to informal manner 115 cars (20/- per hour)

•

parking near Vishal Bhavan capacity 120 cars & 250 two wheelers informal manner.

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•

Basement Parking 100 four and two wheelers.

• Basement Parking 100 four and two wheelers.

S.W.O.T ANALYSIS: STRENGTH WEAKNESS OPPORTUNITY • Higher • Wastage of • Dense vicinity landscape area. surface water • Asia’s largest IT sector.

• Clear • Poor installation demarcation of of fixtures and • Good location pedestrian and wiring. vehicular areas. • Water logging • Ample amount • Lack of of pedestrian sanitation area • Low • Easy maintenance accessibility • Less no of public • Clear separation toilets of offices, retail shop and buyers.

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• •

•

•

THREATS No security checks.

Nehru Place is unsafe at night, with no activity and poor lighting.

The desolate plaza and surrounding areas area susceptible to crime such as pickpocketing, and especially unwelcoming to women Decentralisation of major brands.

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5. L

iterature Study

Urban design integrates the process and expertise of related disciplines including Art, Architecture, Landscape, Social services, Economics, Planning, Engineering and Transport.

Up to 1960 – Planning & Architecture were split.

“Planning” concentrated on Land Use Pattern & connected socio-economic issues (MACRO) “Architecture” concentrated on the design of mainly the buildings (MICRO)

As such there emerged a “Responsi-

bility Gap” where the design of general public Spaces concerned.

Urban Center thus came to bridge in this gap.

Urban Life style which leads to disciplinary development system in the whole urbanization with the Built Formations across global can retain sustainability.

Not every Urban has its own capacity to generate or fertilization of required things only with the proper Urban to Urban communal system, it can possible to reach capacity.

Every Urban has its own supplements and process, but all the Urbanism’s joins with these three great streams Civic, Cultural & Commercial.

5.1 - ABSTRACT :

Urban history is a field of history that examines the historical nature of cities and

towns, and the process of urbanization. The approach is often multidisciplinary, crossing boundaries into fields like social history, architectural history, urban sociology, urban geography, business history, and archaeology. Urbanization and industrialization were popular themes for 20th-century historians, often tied to an implicit model of modernization, or the transformation of rural traditional societies.

The history of urbanization focuses on the processes of by which existing populations con-

centrate themselves in urban localities over time, and on the social, political, cultural and economic contexts of cities. Most urban scholars focus on the “metropolis,” a large or especially important city. There is much less attention to small cities, towns or (until recently) to suburbs. However social historians find small cities much easier to handle because they can use census data to cover or sample the entire population. In the United States from the 1920s to the 1990s many of the most influential monographs began as one of the 140 PhD

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dissertations at Harvard University directed by Arthur Schlesinger, Sr. (1888-1965) or Oscar Handlin (19152011). The field grew rapidly after 1970, leading one prominent scholar, Stephan Thermatron, to note that urban history apparently deals with cities, or with city-dwellers, or with events that transpired in cities, with attitudes toward cities – which makes one wonder what is not urban history.

5.2 - DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN CENTER :

Urban development can also refer to urban spatial structure; the arrangement of pub-

lic and private space in cities and the degree of connectivity and accessibility. In this context, urban structure is concerned with the arrangement of the CBD, industrial and residential areas, and open space.

A city’s central business district (CBD), or downtown, is the commercial and often geographic heart of a city.

In North America, this is referred to as “downtown” or “city centre.” The downtown area is often home to the financial district, but usually also contains entertainment and retail. CBDs usually have very small resident populations, but populations are increasing as younger professional and business workers move into city’s centre apartments. Urbanization is the process of a population shift from rural areas to cities, often motivated by the above factors. The three formation do have great impact to the urban civilization and growth of urban wealth as with the development of civic, culture and commercial needs,

5.2.1 - Civic Development in Urban Center : A civic centre is a prominent land area within a community that is constructed to be its focal point or centre. It usually contains one or more dominant public buildings, which may also include a government building. Recently, the term “civic centre” has been used in reference to an entire central business district of a community or a major shopping centre in the middle of a community. In this type of civic centre, special attention is paid to the way public structures are grouped and landscaped. In some American cities, a multi-purpose arena is named “Civic Centre”, for example Columbus and Philippines Civic Centre.

Such “Civic Centres” combine venues for sporting events, theatres, concerts and similar events.

5.2.2 - Cultural Development in Urban Center :

A Cultural center is an organization, building or complex that promotes culture and arts. Cultural center can be neighborhood community arts organization, private facilities, government sponsored. One of the meanings refers to the place where people meet for a given purpose. Cultural meanwhile is an adjective that means belonging or which refers to the culture. This notion of cultural center is so space to participate in cultural activities. These center aim to promote culture among the people of a community.

Being the holliest city Hinduism, the impact of the religion is found everywhere in the city the impact of Y14AP0141

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heritage. India is rich in cultural activities here the Heritage is the best expression of the cultural identity of the community, of its civilization personality. It’s one of the aspects of the creativity that a community has in store, where it originates in individual or in groups appropriate to “Interpritive centers”.

5.2.3 - Commercial Development in Urban Center :

The center in which economic, social, cultural and adiministrative services of the

town are concentrated. It is a complex of retail stire and related facilities planned as a unified group that offers good services for profit and the performs various financial and office function.

5.3 - PUBLIC SPACE SPECIFICATION :

PUBLIC PLACE

Fig 7 - Urban Center Public Space analitical chart

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5.4 - RECOMMENDED STUDIES :

Urban Center consist of various services with huge number of activities with regional requirments

which prevents the zone with high dence population along where followed parameters of the objectives as given in the above synopsis chapter for implimentation in the level of design.

Civic center • Market • Recreational park • Indoor sports club • Convention Hall • Auditorium • Plaza

Cultural center • Amphitheater • Shopping Mall • Cafiteria

Commercial center • Retail Shopping Complex • Super market • 5 star Hotel

Other related to project • hybrid build concepts • Green build notion • Trasportation • Landscape • Parking

5.4.1 - Recreational park :

Due to advances in medical science, people live longer . Thus, the percentage of the aging in our

population is increasing . In addition, it is approximated that one out of seven people in our nation has a permanent disability . Therefore, there is a greater challenge than ever before to prevent the construction of architectural barriers which make it difficult for the aging and the disabled to participate in the recreation program . Recreation represts any rational human activity that results is a Pleasurable response,at any time,place or circumstances with attend enriching physical, intellectual or emotional benifits. It is designed to offer Y14AP0141

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a more diversified program in order to meet the complete recreational needs of all people in the community.

Public sapce has been an integral part of communities serve as location to meet,relax and exchage ideas.The community building is normally larger than a neighborhood building and is usually located in a major recreation area such as a community park or playing field. As stated previously, community recreation buildings vary in function and design, but, generally, they contain most of the facilities described on the following page there some of the recreation spaces are like • Formal • Informal • Active • Passive • Organized • InOrganized • Indoor • Outdoor Here the concept is to create the community habitat for wellbeing of health and organization with the affordability of peoples capasity to participate.

• A community park is 10.01 to 40 acres. Features include those listed in all sub-sets of neighborhood parks, with quantities and sizes increased to distribute amenities and parking throughout the recreation area and provide sufficient access to outdoor recreation.

• one additional sport court for every 5 acres or portion thereof above 10, two additional restrooms for every 10 acres or portion thereof above 10, one additional play structure or age-appropriate alternative for every 10 acres or portion thereof above 10 , for every 10 acres or portion thereof above 10, community garden or alternative ornamental/pollinatorgarden, one sports club for every 2,000 residents/844 units/14 acres. If applicable, parks 20 acres and larger reserve and indicate the footprint for a future maintenance yard/storage building and reserve and indicate the footprint for a future recreation center and its associated parking.

5.4.2 - Community Sports club ( Indoor ) :

Sports club consist of the different sporting facilities for the practice as well as for the leagues

which depends the level of intrest in the community members which is not based complitly on the railway tornaments some of the sporting facilites are considered like which aplicable indoor sporting where as badminton, basketball, Swimming as the healthy habitat for community also has semi Indoor sporting facilities like tennis, jogging track with recreational park facilities.

Standards for the space allocation ; Ground space is 1620 sq ft minimum to edge of pavement. Size and Dimension Singles court is 17’ X 44’, doubles court is 20’ X 44’ with a 5’-0” minimum unobstructed area on all sides. Badminton court All measurements for court markings are to the outside of lines except for those involving the center service line which is equally divided between right and left service courts.

All court markings to be l’/2” wide and preferably white or in color. Minimum distance between sides

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of parallel courts to be 5’-0”. For net post details see the detail dimentions of the court in the fig .8

AAU basketball court. All dimensions are to inside edge of lines except as noted. All lines to be .05 m (2”) wide. Backboard shall be of any rigid weather-resistant material . The front shall be flat and painted white unless it is transparent. If the backboard is transparent, It shall be marked with a .05-m-wide white line around the border and a .45 X .59-m target area bounded with a .05-m-wide white line.

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Fig 10 - Floor height of court hall( From TSS )

Classifications of Pools: For purposes of minimum standards, public swimming pools shall be defined as listed in the following categories, based upon specific characteristics of size, usage and other factors: • Type “A”-Any municipal pool, community pool, public school pool, athletic or swimming club pool .

• Type “B”-Institutional pool (such as Girl Scout, Boy Scout, , Campfire Girls and Boys’ and Girls Camps) .

• Type “C”-Country Club, large hotels of more than 100 units, with pools having a water surface area in excess of 1600 sq ft.

• Type “D”-Motels and apartments, multiple housing units, small hotels of less than 100 units, not open to the general public and with pools having a water surface area not larger than 1600 sq ft.

• Type “E”-Treatment pools, therapeutic pools and special pools for water therapy.

• Type “F”- Indoor pools.

Exceptions : The above categories shall be the basis for certain specific variations from the Minimum Standards for public swimming pools as a whole.

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Fig 11 - 50 M Community swimming pool ( From TSS )

5.4.3 - Conventional center:

Community Facilities are defined as developments uses or intended to be used mainly for civic community or cultural facilities or other similar purposes. They can be further categorized into the following; • The facility will be symbolic of the civic ambitions of the region and reflective of the architectural regional language of the city urban land.

• The design must Convention and Exhibition Centre that takes advantage of its central location so that the area can be marketed and experienced as a world class convention and entertainment environ.

• This site area has been determined based on the requirements of functional arrangement required for the project rather than being an existing land parcel.

• Providing prominently public gathering,multi exibitional and green spaces for the communities of various places’ for civic and cultural stages and events.

5.4.4 - Auditorium:

The three-dimensional volume of an auditorium is conditioned by the limitations set by all members of the audience able to hear and see a performance, and for the performers to be able to command the audience. Seating density, floor rake and seating layout are covered by legislation to ensure a satisfactory means of escape in case of fire, and by an appropriate level of comfort for the audience. PerforY14AP0141

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mance organization requires lighting, sound and broadcasting positions within the auditorium and a view of the whole performance area from control rooms.

Fig 12 - Auditorium seating standards ( From TSS )

SIGHTLINES: SEATED AUDIENCE

For the whole of the audience to have an uninterrupted view of the performance

and its setting over the heads in front and clear of overhangs, the section and plan of the auditorium needs to conform to certain limitations set by vertical and horizontal sightlines.

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Fig 13 - Auditorium viewing standards ( From TSS )

Vertical sightlines may be calculated by estab-

lishing: Lowest and nearest point of sight on the platform/ stage for the audience to see clearly. The platform/stage height, whenraised, can range from 600 to 1100 mm above the lowest level of the auditorium and point can be the leading edge, or setting line for the performance, at or above the platform/stage level.

If a forestage is part of the proscenium or end stage formats then point needs to relate to the forestage. If an orchestra pit is included between stage and seating then point may be regarded as the conductor’s head. With a symphony orchestra in a concert hall, the ability to see each musician at the front of the stage (who partially masks the other musicians) may not be critical and point P may be taken as over 600 mm above the platform level at the front edge.

DIMENTIONS OF AUDITORIUM SEATINGS ( From TSS )

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5.4.5 - Markets :

These are very large stores on supermarket lines but with at least 2500 m2 sales floor. Examples include Savacentres which provide 11 000 m2 sales halls with 50 checkouts and gross floor areas of 20 000 m2. Compared with supermarkets the range of non-food lines is extended up to 50 per cent of the area.

Hypermarkets tend to be built on derelict industrial land and urban fringes within large catchments, Superstores are similar but tend to be larger with 5000 – 10 000 m2 of selling space. Located out of town, they occupy large sites, with extensive parking, a petrol-filling station and an associated square or arcade of small shops, The overall development often combines out-of-town shopping with community facilities such as a village hall, public house, sports ground or/ and leisure centre.

Fig 14 - General layout of hyper market ( From TSS )

Architecturally, the supermarket is a largescale emporium of merchandise that doesn’t have to

shout to be noticed Properly situated on its site, the supermarket and any “satellite shops,” attached or not (shops which can be entered from the market or from a separate outside entrance) offer a parking ratio of 3 .6 sq ft to 1 sq ft of total store area . To obtain the necessary parking area in areas with high land costs, rooftop and basement parking should be considered . The satellite shops such as convenience grocery stores, liquor and drugstores, and a carry-out food shop remain open after the supermarket has closed for the day.

New, free-standing supermarkets average 22,700 sq ft to 31,000 sq ft with 75 to 80 percent of

the total store devoted to selling space and the remaining 20 to 25 percent of floor space devoted to service areas such as storage coolers, prepackaging areas, grocery storage, etc . Weekly sales per square foot of selling space vary from 10/sq ft to 75/sq ft .

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Fig 15 - General layout of suppermarket market ( From TSS )

Good vision are (drawing at left) demands that top shelf be not over 5 ft. 3 in. high, permitting an angle of view not more than 15° above the horizontal. Easy-to-reach zone starts at about 15 in. above the floor, the minimum height for the bottom shelf. Face of cans or. packages should be as nearly at right angles to eye as practical. Cans for bottom shelves are now designed to be legible lying on their side.

Length of “super island” units varies, 9 ft. being the longest in common use. Distance between shelf supports varies about a norm of 2 ft. 6 in. Supports should be set back to permit an appearance of uninterrupted merchandise.

Fig 16 - General layout of suppermarket shelf section ( From TSS )

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5.4.6 - Shopping Mall/Complex :

A shopping mall is a modern, chiefly North American, term for a form of shopping precinct

or shopping centre, in which one or more buildings form a complex of shops representing merchandisers with interconnecting walkways that enable customers to walk from unit to unit. A shopping arcade is a specific type of shopping precinct which is usually distinguished in English for mall shopping by the fact that connecting walkways are not owned by a single proprietor and are in open air. Technical innovations such as electric lighting and escalators were introduced from the late 19th century. ▫ From the late 20th century, entertainment venues such as movie theaters and restaurants began to be added.

Malls are not only a shopping place but a place to rejuvenate, socialize and entertain. ▫ In big retail stores you get everything under one roof from branded clothes, grocery, electronics to foot wear. ▫ Without a doubt malls have changed the shopping experience of Indians. ▫ Doing shopping in the scorching heat of the sun has been replaced by AC shopping. ▫ Visiting malls and buying products satisfy their thirst for better quality of life.

table 1.17 - Site requirments for multiplex or mall ( From NBC )

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table 1.18 - Buliding Height Setback spaces ( From NBC )

5.4.7 - Restuarents and Eating Places :

Adequacy of space will influence building and operating costs and efficiency. When space is too small, labor time end effort are likely to increase end the volume and quality of output decrease.

When it is too large, building and maintenance costs are excessive.

A frequently used rule for allotting apace for the kitchen is that it should be one-third

to onehalf the area of the dining room. It has been found unsatisfactory, however, to go by a set space allowance for this area. Detailed study of space allocations leads to the conclusion that percentages in relation to the dining area are “completely unrealistic and unreliable.” An analysis ofspecific needs is required. Many factors influencespace requirements, such as: 1. Type of preparation and service 2. Amount of the total production done in the unit 3. Volume in terms of the number of meals served 4. Variety of foods offered in the menu 5. Elaborateness of préparation and service 6. Amount ofindividual service given, as in a hospital trey service 7. Seatingand service plan, whether on one floor or many.

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Fig 19 - Estimated spaces for maximum cafeteria( From TSS )

5.4.8 - Square’s & Plaza :

Like a successful building, a plaza requires a program of use and a strong concept.

Therefore, careful thought should be given to a plaza’s principal functions and to its relationship with the adjacent public realm (i.e. streets, pedestrian routes, other open spaces), activities and architecture. While some plazas may act primarily as pedestrian nodes, others function best as important viewpoints or enhance the setting for a building.

A plaza should also reflect and reinforce the character of its location. For example, the purpose and nature of a plaza on Robson Street may differ significantly from one on Georgia Street. Within an area of the city, an individual plaza may function best as part of a hierarchy of open spaces, some small, others grand, still others as links within an open space network. Therefore, an understanding of area objectives, existing plazas and pedestrian movement, building and street scale, materials and circulation patterns are all essential in developing a use program and overall concept.

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Fig 20 - A Plaza’s Proposed Uses, Functions and Linkages Should Be Determined as Part of the Overall Project Design Process

•

Visibility and Views

Good street-to-plaza visibility announces the plaza’s internal attractions. It signifies that it is a public space, it permits users to watch street activity and it makes the space safer.

Good visibility can be achieved by the following: -

arranging any walls and planting to not screen or block off the plaza from the street;

-

locating the plaza at or as close as possible to street level, preferably no more than 1.0 m above or

below street level.

A plaza should also take advantage of distant views to the mountains, ocean and other landmarks wherever possible.

Fig 21 - Good Street-to-Plaza Visibility Should Announce the Plaza’s Internal Attractions

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Fig 22 - Plazas Should Take Advantage of Views

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•

Linkages

A plaza should be linked to other surround-

ing open spaces, as well as interior spaces such as lobbies, to create a dynamic pedestrian network. Such links will make the plaza more useful and provide a more dynamic, coherent urban environment.

Linkages can be achieved or reinforced using the following Fig 23 - Linkages of surroundings

devices: • passages; • bridges; • steps/ramps; • paving patterns; • planting.

•

Wind

Downdrafts from surrounding high-rise buildings can cause user discomfort and should be

prevented or reduced through specific design measures. Wherever possible, protection should be offered from strong northwest winds and from harsh easterly winds which can accompany fall and winter rainstorms.

Wind reduction can be achieved by the following measures: • avoid large, open, unprotected areas; • avoid wind funnels: narrow openings between buildings with easterly or northwest alignment; • utilize planting, low walls and canopies for wind deflection.

Fig 24 -Plaza Users Should Be Protected from Harsh Winds with Planting and Canopies

•

User Attractions

Good seating is important to plaza users. Without it, fewer people will stop to use a space.

There are four major points to remember when planning seating: a) Plentiful Seating • maximize opportunities for sitting: walls, steps, planters, pool edges, lawns. b) Choice of Sitting Location • locate seating toward street, oriented to a view, near building entrances, next to attractions/amenities, in shade, in sun.

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c) Variety of Seating Types • in groups/couples/alone; • fixed and moveable; • disabled accessible. d) Comfortable Seating • provide warmth: generally wood is preferable to stone, concrete or metal; • provide contoured seating, preferably with a back and armrest.

5.4.9 - Landscaping :

The design of external spaces outside and between buildings, whether urban or rural,

public or private, covers a wide variety of elements and requires considerable knowledge of the location, materials and construction. All too often parsimony results in schemes which are unsatisfactory both aesthetically and practically.

1.

Walkways

Full physical ability is a temporary condition. Most people become less than fully

mobile at some time, perhaps carrying shopping or parcels; pregnancy; a sprained ankle; a dizzy spell; a broken highheeled shoe; or just the normal course of ageing. Circulation routes should be planned bearing this in mind, integrating a design that is both functional and aesethetically pleasing, rather than adding on facilities for ‘the disabled’.

Pedestrian routes should follow desire lines as directly as possible. The details are of

secondary importance if the connections are incomplete. Routes should be chosen by analysing and responding to the context of the site. One way of achieving this is not to provide paths in a newly created landscape scheme but to wait until the users make worn tracks and then to pave these. Routes should include loops rather than dead ends, incorporating places to stop and rest. There should be coordination between parking, paved and rest areas, building entries, etc. with adequate seating, lighting and signage.

2.

Widths of pedestrian routes

These vary with the purpose of the route, the intensity

of use and with the situation. As a general rule of thumb, provide 600 mm width for each pedestrian walking abreast: which suggests 2 m minimum for public walkways. The requirements of others than pedestrians that use these paths must also be considered, 6.1. Minimum requirements between walls or fences are shown below diagrams.

Pedestrians typically do not use the entire width of footpaths. The edge adjacent to a kerbed roadway about 75 m wide tends to be avoided, as is the 0.5 to 0.75 m width directly alongside a building, Only under conditions of congestion would these edges be used.

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Fig 25 - Characteristics of various footway widths

Street furniture such as trees, bollards, direction signs, parking meters, telephones, litter

bins, fountains, sculpture and kiosks can also reduce footpath effective width. They should preferably be situated in the avoidance zones.

Fig 26 - Characteristics of various footway widths

Handrails should not be an afterthought, or seen purely as a

safety factor. It is preferable to provide handrails on both sides of a stairway or ramp because some people have one-sided strength. Extra-wide stairways should have centre railings no more than 6 m apart.

Wall seating. Although wall heights can vary, they should

be designed for a range of users Walls designed for sitting on are typically 400–450 mm wide, and between 350 and 550 mm in height, 400 mm being most common, For the elderly, a greater height is preferred.

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5.4.10 - Parking :

Stilt Floor meant for parking is excluded from the permissible height in the above Table.

Height of stilt floor shall not be less than 2.5m. In case of parking floors where mechanical system and lift are provided, height of such parking floor shall not be less than 4.5m. Parking floors in Highrise buildings are also excluded from calculation of height of building.

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Almost level (maximum slope: 5 percent) before intersecting the sidewalk to prevent the

hood of the carfromobscuring thedriver’s view of pedestrians on the walk. This transition should be 16 ft long. The maximum ramp slope should be 20 percent. For slopes over 10 percent, a transition at least 8 ft long should be provided at each end of the ramp at one half the slope of the ramp itself.

A number of different interfloor ramp systems can be used to enable vehicles to traverse the

approximate 10-ft(3-m)elevation between parking levels. Some of these systems provide separate and exclusive ramps, while others make use of continuous sloping floors that accommodate both parked vehicles and interfloor travel.

Parking stalls should be at least 9 ft wide, 10 ft wide if space is not too restricted. Parking

stalls 8 ft 6 in. wide are unsatisfactory because with the car 6 ft 8 in. wide, there is only 1 ft 10 in. between cars. If an adjacent car is only 6 in off center and the car door is 4 in. thick, only 1 ft remains through which to squeeze, if possible.

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A grid network is proposed for the new Amaravati Capital City. The grid network comprises

roads designed and classified based on functions and capabilities The following are the proposed hierarchy of roads

APCRDA. (2015). Detailed Master Plan of Capital City. Amaravati:

The city is planned to be the happiest city in the world, hosting over 3.5 million populations

by 2050, existing villages are kept intact and incorporated into the master plan. The neighborhoods are planned with urban design that supports walking, cycling and public transport.

setbacks of building (from ap G.O.M’s 119 - 2017)

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5.5 - GREEN BUILDING :

While the definition of what constitutes a green building is constantly evolving, the

Office of the Federal Environmental Executive offers a useful working definition. This agency defines this term as: the practice of •

increasing the efficiency with which buildings and their sites use energy, water, and materials, and

•

reducing building impacts on human health and the environment, through better siting, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and removal—the complete building life cycle.4 Similarly, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines green building as follows:

The practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible

and resource-efficient throughout a building’s life-cycle from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction. This practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort. Green building is also known as a sustainable or ‘high performance’ building.

• The Reality of the Built Environment: The Problem of Existing Buildings

Although green buildings represent the next phase of buildings, the reality is that the vast

majority of buildings are not green, and these buildings will continue to be used for many years to come.

Improving the energy efficiency of existing buildings typically involves a process called retrofitting, which can mean anything from installing more energy-efficient fixtures to increasing the amount of insulation in a building. The U.S. Green Building Council has a rating standard specifically focused on existing buildings, referred to as LEED-EBOM (EBOM stands for “existing buildings operation and maintenance”).While greening existing buildings does not receive the attention that new green buildings do, it is certainly more important when looking at reducing the environmental impacts of buildings nationwide.

• Energy Use in Buildings

Worldwide, buildings consume massive amounts of energy. The United Nations En-

vironment Programme has reported that 30–40 percent of all primary energy produced worldwide is used in buildings.11 In 2008, the International Energy Agency released a publication that estimated that existing buildings are responsible for more than 40 percent of the world’s total primary energy consumption and for 24 percent of global CO2 emissions.

Another large user of energy is a building’s heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning

(HVAC) system. Properly designed and installed HVAC systems can reduce the amount of energy

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used for heating and cooling a building. An HVAC system includes a heater, air conditioner, and fan in one system and operates at a partial load nearly all the time. The design of the HVAC system as a whole-system mechanism saves energy by monitoring airflow and keeping the indoor temperature fairly constant. An HVAC system must have a correctly designed distribution system to minimize the amount of airflow (and thus energy) necessary to heat and cool the building. In addition, allowing building occupants to individually control heating and cooling in their living or working spaces is an effective way to reduce energy use.

5.6 - BUILDING FIRE SAFTY : • The compulsory open space around the building should not be used for parking. If parking space is provided on the setbacks, then it should be done only after leaving a distance of a six-metrewide open space from the building line in the form of a hard-surfaced driveway which should again be able to withstand a load of 45,000 kgs.

A staircase is the only safe means of escape during fire emergencies. Lifts and escalators are not considered as exits. According to the norms, all high-rises must have a minimum of two staircases, each at a remote distance from the other. The minimum width of these staircases will be based on the type of the building.

•

Residential buildings (dwellings) – 1.6 metres (For row housing with two storeys, the minimum width shall be 0.75 metres)

•

Residential hotel buildings – 1.5 metres

•

Assembly buildings like auditoria, theatres, and cinemas – 2 metres

•

Educational buildings – 1.5 metres

•

Institutional buildings – 2 metres

All other buildings – 1.5 metres

The NBC also gives a sample fire safety plan format. This includes details of the fire safety

director, deputy fire safety director, fire wards, deputy fire wardens, and building evacuation supervisor. The plan should also mention the frequency of fire drills, how they were conducted and who participated in the same. (Should we scan this bit and link it here for more details?) Also, at least 40 per cent of the occupants of the high-rise should be extensively trained in conducting proper evacuation, operation of fire safety systems and equipment, and other fire safety provisions in the building.

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6. s

ite proposal

Location

- Lingayapalem, Tullur Mandal, Amaravati, Andra Pradesh

Project Typology –

Mixed Use (commercial, culture & civic)

Area

- 75 hectors / 185 acres (7,48,668.4 sq.m)

Amaravati is the new capital city of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The planned

city is located on the southern banks of the Krishna river in Guntur district, within the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region. It is being built on a 217 sq. km riverfront designed to have 51% of green spaces and 10% of water bodies. The word “Amaravati” derives from the historical Amaravathi village, the ancient capital of the Satavahana dynasty. The foundation stone was laid on 22 October 2015, at Uddandarayunipalem area by the Prime Minister, Narendra Modi. The metropolitan area of Guntur and Vijayawada are the major conurbations of Amaravati.

present site view

Amaravati is being constructed to serve as the new capital city of Andhra Pradesh,

after Telangana was split off as a separate state in 2014. The former capital city, Hyderabad, is now located inside Telangana. A new capital city had to be either assigned or constructed on the remaining territory of Andhra Pradesh and Amaravati was finally chosen as that. For a transitional period of no more than 10 years, Hyderabad could continue to serve as the residence of Andhra Pradesh’s official state institutions; thus, they are required to move to the newly constructed capital of Amaravati by 2024.

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Amaravati Master Plan

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The development structure is demonstrated in the concept of “City Of 9 Cities”

The selected site comes in the city area of ‘Justice City’ and with the interaction of ‘Knowledge City’ as shown in the above view.

Justice City:

Knowledge city:

•

high court

•

world class universities

•

local court & tribunals

•

centres for higher learning & excellence

•

legal firms

•

multi-disciplinary educational institutions

•

law schools

•

R&D institutions

•

para legal training centres

•

start-up/incubation centres

•

legal research institutes

•

national library

•

justice knowledge centre

•

recreational parks and sports facilities

•

legal processing & support centre resi-

•

MICE

•

dence, hotels, retail, F&B

•

Residences, Hotels, retails, F&B

This urban site consists of all the major rich solution to the civic civilization and easy to know the activities going in the area.

But lack of community gathering spaces for cultural activities and importance to the local commercial activity spaces which authorises under urban government.

The site area is planning to from a large amusement park in the Andhra Pradesh Capital, by having around 4,400 trees planted. According to municipal administration trees like neem, champak, bodhi, kavuki, pee-

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pal, kadamba, silver trumpet tree, and flowering trees belonging to South America will be planted.

(---) Line Showing Site Boundary Out of Master plan

zone 2

zone 3

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zone 1

zone 4

Site Selected - 1 The planned Sakhamuru Regional park is divided into 4 zones. Which tries to cater to people from all walks of life.

From children to nature loving senior citizens there is something for everybody. Spread across a total of 241 acres the park will have: Amusement park, water sports, crafts bazaar event arena amphitheatre, musical fountains and laser show will be part of Zone 1 with area of 85 acres.

Zone 2 with 34 acres is exclusively dedicated for children. Adventure sports, outdoor gymnasium will be part of children’s zone.

Nakshatra Vanam, Rasi Vanam, Pushpa Vanam, Charka Vanam etc will be developed in zone 3. A portion of zone 3 is dedicated for wildlife and night safari.

Yoga and Dhyana Kendra’s, etc will also be developed here. Zone 3 is spread in 49 acres.

Event lawns, exhibitions, a five-star hotel, indoor athletic arena, club house, artist plaza, Silpa kala Kendra, cultural museum, will form part of Zone 4 with 73 acres of area.

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Site Selected -2

The selected site Mixed Use Zone ‘C1’ comes in the city area of ‘Finance City’ with the interac-

tion of ‘Tourism City’ and ‘Government City’ as shown in the above view.

•

This site land use pattern is mixed up with all the commercial related zones and easy to access through the road transport to the Public.

•

it is also spaced with pedestrian movements and other related access.

•

this site has more mixed use zones to explore the project and also have connected with all verity of zones specifed zones as shown in the above land use map.

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6.1 SITE ANALYSIS The site area is located on the southern banks of the Krishna river in Guntur district, Tullur Mandal, Sakamuru within the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region.

Linkages (from Vijayawada) Nearest Airport: Vijayawada International Airport (20km) Nearest Ports: Machilipatnam-67km Nizampatnam - 90km Roads: From Hyderabad: 280km by NH65 From Vishakhapatnam: 360km by NH16 From Chennai: 430km by NH 16 Major Railway Stations: Vijayawada, Guntur, Tenali, Gudivada Inland Waterways: Buckingham canal (IWW4) passes through the capital Region at Vijayawada (proposed water way along Krishna river) City

Amaravati

State

Andhra Pradesh

District

Guntur

Total Population

6,47,057

Total Male

3,29,992

Total Female

3,17,065

Total Population (0-6 Age Group)

6,894

Total Male (0-6 Age Group)

3,450

Total Female (0-6 Age Group)

3,444

Total Literates

5,35,594

Dhanyakataka (‘where Shakyamuni Buddha taught

Total Male Literates

2,78,897

the Heart Essence form of the Kalachakra Dharma

Total Female Literates

2,56,697

to the Shambala kings’).

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Amaravathi master key plan

ETHYMOLOGY

The word Amaravati translates as

‘the place for immortals’. It was formerly called

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6.2 DEMOGRAPHY: (i) GROWTH OF POPULATION AND DEMAND OF CONSUPTIONs IN CAPITAL REGION –

(ii) URBAN POPULATION SHARE IN CAPITAL REGION – Source (Census of India)

(iii)INTER REGIONAL POPULATION COMPARISION – Source (Mckinsey)

(iv)Comparison of ULB’s in Capital Region –

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zones of AP region 6.2.1 Site Conectivity:

APCRDA. (2015). Detailed Master Plan of Capital City. Amaravati: Y14AP0141

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(v)Urban Foot Prints in Capital Region –

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Number of persons per square km

(v)Religion Trends in Capital Region –

(viii) MANDAL CODES IN CAPITAL REGION;

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MANDAL NAMES

MANDAL NAMES CODES

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CODES

Agiripalle

AG

Nandigama

ND

Amaravathi

AA

Nandivada

NA

Amruthalur

AR

Nuzvid

NU

Atchampet

AT

Pamarru

PM

Bapulapadu

BA

Pamidimukkala

PA

Bhattiprolu

BH

Pedakakani

PK

Challapalle

CH

Pedakurapadu

PE

Chandarlapadu

CA

Pedaparupudi

PP

Chebrolu

CB

Penamaluru

PN

Duggirala

DU

Penuganchiprolu

PG

Edlapadu

ED

Phirangipuram

PH

G.Konduru

GK

Ponnur

PO

Gannavaram

GA

Prathipadu

PR

Ghantasala

GH

Sattenapalle

SA

Gudivada

GD

Tadepalli

TA

Guntur

GU

Tadikonda

TD

Ibrahimpatnam

IB

Tenali

TE

Jaggayyapeta

JA

Thotlavalluru

TO

Kanchikacherla

KK

Thulluru

TH

Kankipadu

KA

Tsundur

TS

kollipara

KO

Unguturu

UN

Kollur

KU

Vatsavai

VA

Krosuru

KR

Vatticherukuru

VT

Mangalgiri

MA

Veerullapadu

VE

Medikonduru

ME

Vemuru

VM

Mopidevi

MO

Vijayawada(rural)

VR

Movva

MV

Vijayawada(urban)

VU

Mylavaram

MY

Vuyyuru

VY

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6.3 GEOGRAPHY: (i) TEMPREATURE: In winter season, the climate is moderate and in fact cool and pleasant. The temperature ranges between 12°C and 30°C. The temperature during summer months range from 17°C to 45°C. The climate is very humid during the summer months and the humidity rises upto 68%.

MONTH Mean Maximum Temperature Mean Minimum Temperature

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Normal 2011 2012 2013 Normal 2011 2012 2013

JAN 31.2 29.8 29.0 30.7 17.3 17.2 17.7 18.7

FEB 34.1 31.1 31.6 31.2 19.9 18.7 17.7 19.4

MAR 37.5 33.6 33.6 32.9 23.0 21.1 23.0 21.5

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APR 39.6 34.7 34.7 34.7 26.1 25.1 26.3 26.3

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The driest month is February. There is 15 mm of precipitation in February. The greatest amount of precipitation occurs in November, with an average of 234 mm. With an average of 31.6 °C, May is the warmest month. The lowest average temperatures in the year occur in December, when it is around 25.2 °C. (ii) GROUND WATER LEVEL:

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(iii) minerals available in capital region: Major minerals; lime stone & Iron ore Minor Minerals; Granite, Gravel, Rough Stone, Road Metal, Sand, Bricks & quartz

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(iv)CULTURAL HISTORY OF THE REGION;

The Capital Region has a long line of history with continuity right from the pre-

historic times until today Ruling: The history of the region can be tracked back to the rule the Asoka the great (269-232 BC) followed by sathavahanas (1st century BC to 2nd century AD),Ikshvakus (3rd century AD),Salankayanas,Ananda Gotrins, Early Pallava and Vishukundins (4th – 6th centuries AD), Eastren (Vengi) Chalukyas (7th to 11th centuries AD), Raskrakutas (8th to 10th century AD),Velanticholas (11th – 12th centuries AD),Kakatiyas (12th-14th centuries AD) Gajapathis (15th century AD), Vijayanagara kings (15th to 16th centuries AD), Qutbshahis (17th century AD), Moghals (17th – 18th century AD), Asaf Jahis (18th – 19th century AD) and Brities (East India Company).

Amaravati Stupa

Akkanna Madana Caves

Structures and Monuments: These dynasties have left Buddhist Stupas, Rock cut caves, structural temples, forts and fortifications (18th – 20th centuries AD) in the region. The Buddiest stupas at Dhanyakataka – Amravathi, Bhattiprolu, Vaddamanu forts (3rd century BC), Ghantasala, Gudivada, Jaggayyapeta and Alluru (1st – 4th centuries AD) serve as repositories of Amaravathi School of Art and Architecture. The rock cut caves at Sitanagaram,Akkanna Madanna Mogalrajpuram, Penumaka and Undavalli belonging to the period between 2nd – 6th centuries AD originally of the Buddhist faith were later converted into Brahmanical caves. Vijayawada also served as a jain center during the Eastern during the Eastren Chalukyaan Period and there is a rock cut cave of the jaina Pantheon at Ambapuram Temple at Amaravathi, Bhimeswara Temple at Chebrolu from 10th century AD. In 500 BCE, Dharanikota was known as Dhanyakatakam. Lord buddha in 16th year after enlightenment visited dhanayakatakam and preached his ten Dharanis. Thatswhy, it is called Dharanikota.Archaeological excavations at Dharanikota revealed viharas in Dharanikota and nearby areas.

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Durga Malleswara temple at Vijayawada and Lakshminarayana temple at Avanigadda (11th century AD), Venugopala Swamy temple at Hamsala deevi, Movva and Adikesava temple at Chebrolu (13th century AD) and the temples at Kondaveedu, Ameenabad, Pedapalakaluru and Mutluru (14th century AD) followed by the Vijayanagara

Daranikota, Amaravati

temples at Kondaveedu, Kondapalli, Pedakallepalli, Srikakulam and Mangalagiri. These temples present the various architectural styles from the Vengi Chalukyas to the Vijayanagara kings.

This region is also studded with several historical forts and fortification. Remains of mud forts on land are seen at Dharanikota Chandolu, Kanukollu, (11th century AD) Kodaveedu Bellamkonda and kondapalli. The forts were originally built by the Reddy Kings of Kondapalli.

The forts were originally built by the Reddy Kings of Kondaveedu in 14th century AD with many structures such as stables, garrisons, granaries, prisons, palaces, temples, masjids and gateways by the successive dunasties viz., the Vijayanagara

Jain Temple, Ambapuram

dynasty particularly

during the rule of Sri Krishna Devaraya who captured

these forts in 1515 AD and was followed by the Gajapatis and Qutbshahis.

The region was also under the rule of the British, French and the Asafjahis who had used these forts for defence purpose. Colonial buildings were built by both the Dutch and the English in Machilipatnam and Vijayawada.

Kondapalli Fort

Art and Culture: The capital region is very rich in culture. Variety of Folk dances and Classical dances especially from Kuchipudi, Yakshagana and Bhamakalam received name and fame from worldwide. Eminent dancY14AP0141

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ers of Kuchipudi include late Vedantam Satyanarayana, Vempati Chinnasatyam and Pasumarty Ramalingasastry to name a few. The uniqueness of the dance isthat male dancers are seen in female characters.

The local handicrafts include pedana (tie and dye) Kalamkari textiles using natural colours and Mangalagiri cottons and sarees. Light weight Kondapalli (near Ibrahimpatnam) wooden toys in different expressions like the ten incarnations of Vishnu, Toddy tapper, bullock carts, tiny toys and dolls, and stone craft from Durgi near Macherla, where hundreds of sculpturors are involved in craving beautiful stone images of gods & Goddesses and modern art. Nuziveedu a Zammendari, a Fortified town is famous for veenas and wooden stringed musical instruments that are acclaimed world-wide for their shapes and decorations which allure the visitors.

Almost all the villages have house structurs built of wattle and daub, covered with terracotta tiles on wooden rafters and bamboo reepers, and sometimes built of mud and brick walls covered by Palm leaves over the roof. The villages located in the remote areas are known for wide variety of fairs and festivals both folk, seasonal and traditional, providing an opportunity for the people to conKuchipudi Natya Kalakshetram, Kuchipudi

jugate, greet and celebrate the joy and rural at-

mosphere in its natural setting reflects the native culture and tradition unique for this region. Thus, the Capital Region is rich in Culture, Traditions, Arts, Crafts and dance forms in addition to the historical and heritage monuments spanning over 2000 years.

The entrance of 2000 years old Buddist cave in Seetanagaram part of AP capital city Amaravati where monks lived.

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Mogalrajpuram caves in vijayawada

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The Undavalli Caves, a

monolithic example of Indian rock-cut architecture and one of the finest testimonials to ancient viswakarma sthapathis, are located in Undavalli of Guntur district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The caves are located 6 km south west from Vijayawada, 22 km north east of Guntur City of Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the centrally protected monuments of national importance.

6.4 - Site Justification :

The following are the reasons as to why Amaravati is chosen as a site for New typology.

- Surrounded by cities like Vijayawada which acts as the economic hub, Guntur that acts as an education hub and Ibrahimpatnam that acts as an Industrial Hub. - Amaravati will act as a point of attractor for all the hubs present in the nearby cities.

- There is a need for the people of Amaravati to change from farmers to other sectors.

- Various government and non-government organisations have set up their branches in the city of Amaravati.

- All the three drivers for the economic growth that is the land, labour and capital is available in this city of Amaravati.

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7. D

ESIGN DEVELOPMRNT

S3

R4

P130

50

24

C1 170755.99 42.19 acres

S3 1,44,707.67‬ 35 acres

S2 30

C1 24

24

P1

C4

30

C1

50

P1

120736.35 29.83 acres

C3

P1

113944.63 28.15 acres

C1

P1 L1 30

S3

C6

S2

S2 64731.58 16 acres

C4

24

50

30

U1

C1

50

30

30

P1 C1

S3

50.0

4

C6

75616.35 18.68 acres

LEGEND : 30

C1 C3 C4 C6 L1 -

S3 P1 50

R4 -

Mixed zone Neighborhood center zone Town center zone Central Business District zone Business park zone Passive zone High density zone

S2 S3 U1 -

Education zone Special zone Reserve zone

P1 -

C6

N

e ro

wid

30

50m

30m

wid

e ro

ad

Surrounding site area mapping

ad 50

24m

wid e

roa

d

24

N

south east and west flow wind direction considered as the most of the times in the selected land area

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REFERENCES : •

https://archive.org/details/TimeSaverStandardsForLandscapeArchitecture/page/n51/mode/2up

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https://verticalcommunityinhybrid.wordpress.com/2015/09/28/hybrid-building-changes-the-form-ofpublic-space-and-brings-ground-activitiesprograms-from-horizontal-to-vertical-to-generate-a-verticalcommunity/#:~:text=The%20term%20of%20’hybrid%20building,by%20a%20high%20programmatic%20complexity.&text=In%20other%20word%2C%20just%20mix,stack%20a%20high%2Drise%20 building.

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https://futurearchitectureplatform.org/projects/277e2474-043e-4702-94f4-26e7600f21eb/

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https://www.greenspec.co.uk/building-design/designing-for-passive-solar/

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https://issuu.com/adsoyad0/docs/a_typology_of_procedures

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https://issuu.com/aeshvry/docs/final_thesis_report

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https://www.slideshare.net/MohdNazim16/detailed-synopsis-cultural-centre

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- http://www.contemporist.com/singapore-civic-culture-centre-by-aedas/

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https://www.hok.com/design/type/government/hong-kong-tamar-government-complex

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https://www.architectmagazine.com/design/buildings/the-star-designed-by-andrew-bromberg-for-aedas_o

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https://cargocollective.com/eighty8/Urban-Design-Bhikaji-Cama-Place-New-Delhi

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https://www.behance.net/gallery/23864259/Urban-Design-Redevelopment-of-Bhikaji-Cama-Place

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-https://earth.app.goo.gl/QJSBFK

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Andhra Pradesh G.O.Ms.No.119,Dt.28-03-2017-AP Building Rules-2017.

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URDPFI Guidelines IIA-IIB

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URDPFI Guidelines Vol I

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NBC

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TSS

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plazaandsquare-150504080035-conversion-gate02

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urbansquare-130712124347-phpapp02

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201165420-commercial-center-design-guidelines

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192710000-22-Development-of-Urban-Entertainment-Centres

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detailed_master_plan_of_capital_city_amaravati

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