Winter Survival Guide 2018

Winter Survival Guide

To help you safely navigate the season of ice and snow

A publication of the Sullivan County Democrat f

2018

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WINTER SURVIVAL GUIDE

SULLIVAN COUNTY DEMOCRAT

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Wood stoves Providing heat and nostalgia STORY AND PHOTO

BY PATRICIO ROBAYO

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ood stoves have a rich history in the Catskills going back to when Sullivan County was once the premiere location for leather tanning. Providing heat with the use of wood creates our connection to history.

Seasoned wood that has been dried for at least six months is best for wood burning. Fresh woods contain too much water and using such wet wood will waste both wood and money. Furthermore, wet wood creates a lot of smoke and begins the building of creosote. This material, creosote, is a combination of chemicals made up of unburned fuel and can build up in the chimney and lead to fires. Therefore, it is important to never use wood that has been painted or pressure treated.

To ignite your fire do not use any gas or lighter fluid, but instead use newspapers, kindling or store bought fire starter logs. Make sure to keep

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dampers and vents open when starting the fire.

You can use different types of woods for different seasons. Hardwood from deciduous trees such as oak, provide a hotter and longer burn, so they make it ideal for cold Sullivan County winters.

Softwoods such as hemlock or pine produce a cooler fire and can be used for cool spring nights or for the fall.

Keep children and pets away from the stove when it is being used as the metal that surrounds the stove can become very hot. One way to prevent burns is to install a fence or safety grate around the woodstove. Keep all combustibles at least three feet from the stove, which includes fuel, kindling, papers, books and furniture.

Always have a fire extinguisher installed in the same location as the woodstove in case of an actual fire indoors. Also, make sure to check all smoke and carbon monoxide alarms at least twice a year.

Remove ashes on a regular basis from the firebox, under the grate and

ash box. When ashes are left to build it will affect the airflow to the fire thus restricting the oxygen needed to build a strong fire. Wait at least 24 hours after a fire to remove the ashes to ensure all of the fire is out. The ashes can be thrown in the garden or composting bin.

It is very important to have your wood stove properly cleaned to prevent chimney fires. A professional chimney sweep is recommended once a year to clean all build up and to inspect the chimney. The technician can also inspect the firebox, pipes and other components of the wood stove for damage or corrosion.

In doing some of these tips, you can have a warm and safe wood burning experience this winter and for many winters to come.

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Preparing for vehicular emergencies

BY MARGARET BRUETSCH

worst case, being stuck off the road.

While you can buy pre-packaged emergency kits to keep in your car, you can also make them yourself.

Here are a few handy items to have on hand in case of bad weather on the road.

1. Shovel: Having a shovel in your car is great just for being able to dig

your car out after a long day at work during a snowstorm. It can also help if you need to dig your tires out while waiting for a tow.

2. Snow Brush w/ Ice Scraper: Like a shovel, if you’re caught off-road during a heavy snowstorm, a Snow Brush with Ice Scraper can help you keep your car visible.

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Winter Survival Guide Keep Safe This Winter Season Publishers by

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(845) 887-5200 Callicoon, NY 12723 January 2, 2018 • Vol. CXXVII, No. 58

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inter in New York means snowy days and cold temperatures which can sometimes be treacherous when you’re out on the roads. While you can’t always stay home when the weather is bad, you can make sure your car is well-equipped to deal with the slick roads, snowy weather and, in the

3. Flashlight: Flashlights don’t only help you see, but they can help others see you as well. Any flashlight would work, but it might be worth it to look into a flashlight with a strobe effect or one that flashes in a different color like red. This can help your car be seen by other drivers.

4. Jumper Cables: Cars, like anything else that runs on a battery, can run out of juice. If you’re stuck off the road, or at the office parking lot having jumper cables on hand can help you get your car started and moving to the nearest repair shop, rather than leaving you stranded.

5. Road Flares: Much like a flashlight, road flares are good to have on hand to give other traffic a head’s up.

Keep yourself and other drivers safe following an accident.

6. Blanket and extra warm clothing: Staying warm can be a priority in the cold winter months. It’s always a good idea to keep an extra sweatshirt with a blanket in a car if you end up

rescue whistles, and even raincoats.

It’s always better to have a first aid kit on hand and hope you don’t need to use it.

10. Cat Litter: While this may seem odd, cat litter can help you get out of a tight spot. You can use cat litter to help provide traction so you can get out of the snow.

In addition, always make sure you have a spare tire in your car (and that you didn't forget to replace it) and check its pressure so you can use it in case of a flat. Know your car and keep some extra oil, anti-freeze or windshield washer fluid so you don’t run out while you’re waiting for a tow truck. Always make sure you know

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where your license and registration are, and, if you're nervous about winter driving, join a program that offers roadside assistance. And always tailor what you have in your homemade emergency kit to your area. You might determine you need something else if you’re in a higher elevation, compared to being close to the river.

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covered in snow or your car won’t start. It’s also a good idea to keep an extra pair of socks, gloves and a hat available so you can stay comfortable while waiting for help. It’s also helpful to make sure your extra clothing is reflective or brightly colored so you can be seen by other cars.

7. Battery Powered Charger for Cell Phone: In the world we live in, it’s not often we’re without our cell phones, but that doesn’t mean they’re always charged. If you’re running low on battery and waiting for help, it would be a good idea to keep a portable battery charger on hand. You can recharge your phone and stay in touch with family, roadside assistance services, and local tow truck drivers.

8. Food and Water: Just in case you’re stuck waiting for a tow for a while. Food and water are always good to keep on hand in case of any emergency. Protein Bars and other pre-packaged food is easy to keep in your glove box.

9. First Aid Kit: It’s always worth it to have a first aid kit on hand. They’ll help take care of minor cuts and bruises, but more professional kits can include emergency blankets,

WINTER SURVIVAL GUIDE

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WINTER SURVIVAL GUIDE

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Prevent frozen pipes when traveling ¡ Add insulation to attics, basements and crawl spaces to help maintain higher temperatures within the areas where some water pipes may run. ¡ Pipes themselves can be insulated with special coverings or sleeves.

Homeowners also can explore heat tape or wrap pipes in heat cables controlled by their thermostats. ¡ Disconnect outdoor hoses, and drain water from pipes leading to outdoor faucets. Turn off the indoor valve to shut off the water supply to the outdoors, but leave the outdoor bib in the "open" position to allow water to drip and relieve pressure should some freezing occur. ¡ The same technique can be applied indoors. A trickle of hot and cold water can keep pipes from freezing during extremely cold snaps of weather. ¡ Set the thermostat to a consistent temperature, ensuring that the temperature indoors will not drop dramatically overnight. The temperature should be no less than 55 F. ¡ Open cabinet doors to allow heat to reach under sinks and appliances. ¡ Check around the house for drafty areas that can contribute to colder temperatures in garages, basements and crawl spaces. ¡ Consider relocating pipes that are exposed to the elements to provide

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Homeowners who know where the main water shut-off valve in their

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uring winter, many people plan vacations to warmer climates so they can enjoy a relaxing respite from the snow and ice. While travelers are enjoying the sand and surf, their homes may be in danger from extreme weather conditions.

According to the State Farm Insurance Company, frozen water pipes affect a quarter-million families each winter. Both copper and plastic pipes can freeze. State Farm notes that a single 1/8-inch crack in a pipe can result in up to 250 gallons of water leakage per day. Flood water can contribute to serious structural damage, mold and a host of other problems.

Water expands as it freezes, so pipes can be put under strain if the pressure from expanding water has nowhere to go, offers the American Red Cross. Pipes that tend to freeze most frequently include those exposed to severe cold, such as outdoor hose bibs, swimming pool lines and water sprinkler systems.

However, even pipes inside a home, such as those in unheated areas or those that run against exterior walls, can freeze.

To avoid returning from a relaxing winter escape to find a home in need of repair thanks to frozen pipes, homeowners can take these steps.

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WINTER SURVIVAL GUIDE

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Birds need extra assistance in winter

Shelter Wild Birds Unlimited says shelter for birds is hard to come by in winter.

Trees have shed their leaves, and evergreens may not be as abundant or protective. As a result, birds frequently seek man-made structures that can provide refuge from the elements.

People can provide shelters for birds, which may include traditional birdhouses, windbreaks and snow shields.

Even a brush pile can simulate the natural shelters of trees and shrubs that birds prefer. Roost boxes are another option and one that can accommodate small flocks that will group together and share their body heat.

Use leaves and branches to provide natural camouflage and help attract

birds to the shelter. Offer yarn, fabric scraps, cotton, and other insulating materials that birds can use to help make their shelters more comfortable.

Food Birds require high-calorie and highfat foods in the winter so they can keep up their metabolism to generate warmth. Also, since birds’ feeding habits vary depending on the type of bird, it may be necessary to place feeders at varying heights to maximize access.

Feeders should be located out of the wind and in an area that offers safe refuge from predators. The National Wildlife Federation also says individuals should put out sizable feeders and/or use multiple feeders to provide ample food during snow and ice storms. Feeders should be checked regularly and kept full.

Consistency is also important because birds will grow accustomed to being supplemented with food and may depend on such supplements to survive.

Bird Watcher’s Digest suggests a variety of foods for birds. Black-oil sunflower seeds, peanuts, suet, cracked corn, millet, thistle seed, safflower, and various fruits can help many birds thrive. It’s also suggested to include mealworms, which can be purchased at bait stores or pet stores. These larvae of beetles can be presented in a shallow dish with slippery sides so the worms cannot crawl out.

Birds typically need extra support to survive harsh winters. Offering food and shelter during these bleak months Suet is a high-fat meal for birds who need food in winter. can help.

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old weather can be particularly taxing on many of the birds individuals discover in their backyards throughout the year. Although some species migrate to warmer climates each winter, many stay put and attempt to ride out winter in their normal habitats. Birds that tend to stay put include finches, sparrows, titmice, jays, woodpeckers, chickadees, and cardinals.

The Cornell Lab of Ornithology says that, in much of North America, winter days can be windy and cold for birds, and nights are even more challenging. In winter, birds no longer have berries and lush vegetation to consume and insects have died or gone underground. Since finding food can be especially difficult, and shelter may be scarce, many birds can benefit from a little help from their human friends.

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WINTER SURVIVAL GUIDE

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inter weather causes many people to retreat indoors until the spring thaw. However, for those who embrace the cooler temperatures or find that life must go on despite snow and ice, taking inventory of their vehicles is a must before the first snowflakes start to fall.

Tire care is an especially important area of vehicle maintenance. The tire experts at Michelin say that regular tires may be ineffective for winter driving. Summer tires are made from materials that are optimized for warm conditions. When the mercury drops, these same materials can harden, reducing their ability to grip the road. That lack of traction can be compounded by the presence of snow or ice. Even all-season tires, which are designed to be driven year-round, can be insufficient in severe weather conditions. Winter

tion to tires, be sure the braking system, battery and other major components of the vehicle are in good working order.

• Replace windshield wipers.

Reduced visibility can compromise the safety of drivers and their passengers. Replace windshield wiper blades before winter arrives.

Consider purchasing winter-rated windshield blades.

• Know how to recover from a skid.

When skids occur on black ice or slush, drivers should take their feet off of the pedals and steer gently in the direction they want to go. As the vehicle regains traction, only then should the brakes or accelerator be applied.

Winter weather requires making some vehicle modifications, and drivers may want to alter the way they drive to be more safe on the road.

Safety measures for winter drivers tires can help drivers safely navigate winter roadways.

Bridgestone Tires says that having the right snow tires matters when driving in winter weather conditions.

It’s important to look for tires that can disperse water sufficiently and also grip the road. Snow tires are designed to remain softer and more flexible to conform to the road better in cold conditions. Some winter tires are even studded to provide better traction.

Unfortunately, even the best winter tires cannot provide perfect traction on slippery roadways. That is why it

is essential — in conjunction with the use of winter tires or snow chains — to modify driving techniques to navigate safely.

• Drive slowly. Slow down on winter roads. Allow a greater distance for stopping than for dry conditions.

Slippery conditions can make it more challenging to stop, and excessive speeds can make the situation worse.

• Shift into low gear. On hills, rely on low gears to maximize traction to travel up and down hills. This can minimize skids or sliding.

• Get the vehicle a tuneup. In addi-

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Recognize the signs of hypothermia T he arrival of cold weather provides opportunities to romp in the snow, ski the slopes or enjoy an afternoon ice skating on a frozen pond. But spending time outdoors in the cold or even in an indoor space that is not adequately warmed can result in a serious health condition known as hypothermia.

Hypothermia is defined as a potentially dangerous decrease in body temperature that is usually caused by prolonged exposure to cold conditions. Outdoors enthusiasts’ risk for hypothermia increases as winter progresses and temperatures drop even further. However, hypothermia can occur other times of the year if the body is chilled. For example, hypothermia can occur when boats capsize and boaters are suddenly tossed into a body of water, or when hikers get caught in the rain during evening hikes. WebMD says normal body temperature is 98.6 F (37 C), and hypothermia begins when body temperature falls below 95 F (35 C).

When the body reaches lower tem-

Hypothermia occurs when body temperature drops below the norm. It is a serious health risk.

peratures, this can affect the heart, nervous system and certain organs, advises The Mayo Clinic. If left untreated, hypothermia may lead to cardiac and respiratory arrest.

Early symptoms of hypothermia include shivering, fast breathing, cold and pale skin, tiredness, confusion, and slurred speech. As body temperatures drop, shivering may stop and a

person may faint.

Hypothermia frequently develops when people are exposed to the cold without warm and dry clothing for protection. Hypothermia also may develop when people get wet or are caught unaware of changes in weather. Wind removes body heat effectively, and direct contact with cold surfaces also can bring on hypothermia more quickly.

Infants and the elderly may be at a higher risk of hypothermia because their bodies aren’t attuned to regulating temperature. Older adults may suffer hypothermia, for example, after spending several hours in a house with no heat during a power outage.

The Mayo Clinic adds that certain medical conditions affect the body’s ability to regulate body temperature, and certain medications may elevate risk as well.

To prevent hypothermia, health experts advise remembering the acronym COLD: Cover, Overexertion, Layers, Dry. • Cover: Wear protective coverings,

including mittens and hats, to prevent body heat from escaping through the extremities.

• Overexertion: Avoid activities that cause sweating. Together, wet clothing and perspiration can cause the body to lose heat more quickly.

• Layers: Loose-fitting, layered clothing can offer protection from the cold and wind. Wool, silk or polypropylene insulate more effectively than cotton.

• Dry: Remaining as dry as possible is essential. This includes getting out of wet clothing promptly.

Children and the elderly may need to wear an extra layer or two than healthy adults would wear in the same conditions. Drivers should bring along blankets and emergency supplies in the event a car breaks down in cold weather.

Hypothermia is a risk any time of the year, but particularly when the weather grows chilly. Taking precautions to stay warm and dry, and knowing the signs of a drop in body temperature, can help individuals stay safe.

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Tips for keeping your pets safe during the winter

STORY AND PHOTO BY REBECA C. RIVERA

Winters in Sullivan County provide beautiful picturesque views of snowcovered landscapes and bellowing chimneys. However, along with such views comes chilling temperatures, for us and our family pets.

Currently, it’s not illegal in New York State to leave your pet outside for an extended amount of time. However, it’s strongly encouraged that owners bring their pets indoors during the winter months as cold weather can bring about severe drops in tempera-

ture, freezing rain, or inches of snow, which can cause pets to become ill.

The weather should not deter families from taking long walks or playing in the snow with their pets. Before heading outside, it’s not only important for you to bundle up, but to bundle up your pet as well. Some animal breeds can handle low temperatures and are naturally equipped with protective fur while other breeds only have a thin covering of hair to shelter them from the elements.

Therefore, these breeds may need to wear a coat or jacket that keeps them warm during their walks or out-

flames and from any possible sparks.

At the beginning of every winter, many homeowners spend countless hours winterizing their homes. For animals who live outside all-year round, it’s essential to also winterize their homes. Check for holes or gaps that will let in the cold air and inspect sleeping areas to verify that it’s dry and warm.

Preparing for the unexpected is a must for rural-area dwellers; therefore, as you inventory your cabinets for non-perishable food items, check to see that you have a hearty supply of your pet’s food in stock and enough water for the entire family, animals included.

Every year, hundreds of animals are found wandering around roads and backyards in search of food or shelter. If you find an abandoned animal, especially during the winter months, it is important to contact your local animal shelter and sheriff’s office. Although many shelters find themselves at capacity during this season, they will be able to help rescue the animal and find it shelter and food.

The most important thing to remember is that your animal needs love, caring and warmth during this time of year.

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Short haired breeds, like this 3-year-old cocker spaniel-beagle mix, require a winter coat to protect them during the winter months from cold weather.

side play. When shopping for winter gear, remember to measure your dog for the correct size and look for garments that cover your pet’s stomach area, as that helps to preserve some of their body’s heat. It may even be helpful to look for outerwear that has a zipper instead of the traditional velcro closure, especially for pets who are master escape artists.

For night walks, reflective gear helps to ensure you and your pet’s safety from drivers or other people and animals. Fortunately, many leashes and coats already come with reflective material embedded in the material.

Once you have returned home, one last step to consider is to check your pet’s paws for sand, gravel or de-icing material that could cause irritation or nuance. And, on snow or rain days, patting down your pooch with a towel helps to ensure that they remain nice and dry indoors.

The sight and smell of burning wood are delightful and magical, but can cause harm to our pets. So to guarantee their safety, it’s a good idea to keep pets away from wood, lighters and fire-starting materials.

Although some pets love to cuddle up in front of a glowing fire, make sure that they are at safe distance from the

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