Measuring & Assessing Democratic Governance Pro-poor & gender-sensitive indicators
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Pro-poor & gender-sensitive indicators Aim of the guide Why pro-poor & gender-sensitive? Framework for selection Underlying values & principles Gender-sensitive indicators Pro-poor (gender-sensitive) indicators Tools for identifying indicators Applications 2 Lorraine Corner 2007
GOVERNANCE areas Parliamentary Development Electoral Systems Human Rights Justice Access to Information & the Media Decentralisation & Local Governance Public Administration Reform & Anticorruption
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Why pro-poor & gender-sensitive GOVERNANCE indicators? Form groups to answer the question: why should governance indicators be pro-poor & gender-sensitive? Select facilitator Select reporter Prepare flip chart for sharing Time: 15 minutes 4 Lorraine Corner 2007
Framework for selecting pro-poor & gender-sensitive indicators to measure democratic governance AIM: to assist policy-makers to monitor & evaluate democratic governance at country level Existing indicators developed by external stakeholders to compare & rank countries Not designed to assist countries Not pro-poor or gender-sensitive
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Based on normative values Citizens control public decision-making & decisionmakers Citizens should be equal in exercising such control Women/men Poor/non-poor
Normative values of democratic governance Participation Representation Accountability Transparency Responsiveness Efficiency Equity 6 Lorraine Corner 2007
Three levels of indicators Start from objectives – what is to be indicated? Outcome what do we want to achieve? How will we know we have achieved it?
Process What do we have to do in order to achieve it? How will we know that we are doing it?
Inputs What is needed to create these processes? How will we know they are available? Lorraine Corner 2007
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What would gender-sensitive GOVERNANCE indicators look like? Form groups to answer this question Select facilitator Select reporter Prepare flip chart for sharing Time: 10 minutes 8 Lorraine Corner 2007
Gender-sensitive indicators Disaggregated by sex Specific to or targeted toward female or male sex “Implicitly gendered�
No reference to sex BUT Of particular relevance to females or males
Chosen by women
Why not men? Participation of women
Based on data defined, collected, presented & disseminated taking into account differences between women & men Women decision makers Women enumerators, processors, etc
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Group review Return to group flip chart for Compare your output with the framework for gender-sensitive indicators Prepare new flip chart Differences? Similarities? Comments?
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What would pro-poor GOVERNANCE indicators look like? Form groups to answer this question Select facilitator Select reporter Prepare flip chart for sharing Time: 10 minutes
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Pro-poor indicators Disaggregated by poverty status Specific to or targeted toward the poor Implicitly pro-poor – more relevant or important to low income groups Chosen by the poor Participatory
Gender-sensitive – take into account different impact of poverty on women & men 12 Lorraine Corner 2007
Group review Return to your previous flip chart Compare your output with the framework for pro-poor indicators Prepare new flip chart Differences? Similarities? Comments?
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Pro-poor indicators must also be gender-sensitive
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Other dimensions of disaggregation Democratic values require BROAD participation Ethnicity – female/male; poor/non-poor Location – rural / urban; female/male etc Disability – etc etc
A major challenge for monitoring & evaluating democratic governance 15 Lorraine Corner 2007
Some tools for selecting indicators Process flow chart – framework for developing questions about specific governance processes Key questions – for each stage in the process, how do women/the poor/ etc participate, how are they affected? Integrated indicator matrix – summarizes & classifies available indicators, shows gaps
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Using indicators Exploring relationships between indicators for policy analysis Linking input and output indicators to assess the effectiveness of interventions Eg training for women candidates What % of those trained stood for election? What % of those who stood were successful? Did a higher % of women MPs lead to greater consideration of women’s issues? 17 Lorraine Corner 2007
GOVERNANCE areas Parliamentary Development Electoral Systems Human Rights Justice Access to Information & the Media Decentralisation & Local Governance Public Administration Reform & Anticorruption
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Based on normative values Citizens control public decision-making & decisionmakers Citizens should be equal in exercising such control Women/men Poor/non-poor
Normative values of democratic governance Participation Representation Accountability Transparency Responsiveness Efficiency Equity 19 Lorraine Corner 2007
Applying the framework: Budgeting In groups, prepare process flow chart for one UNDP governance area Formulate key questions in terms of elements of democratic governance Use questions to identify potential pro-poor and gender-sensitive indicators – prepare matrix Prepare flip charts for sharing Time: 45 minutes 20 Lorraine Corner 2007