SCIENCESTARS Special Edition | 2017
THE SCIENCE BEHIND SKINCARE
ACNE FORMATION
Accumulation of dead cells and oiliness
Epidemis
Sebaceous gland
Plugged follicle
A. Early Clogged Pore
B. Later Clogged Pore
- Accumulation of tissue cells and keratin - Androgen stimulation of oiliness secretion
- Accumulation of shed keratin and oiliness - Formation of whorled lamellar concretions
Multiplying bacterium
C. Inflammatory Pimple/Papule - Prepionibacterium acnes proliferation -Mild inflammation
Rupture of the follicular canal
D. Swollen Cyst - Marked inflammation - Scarring
Inflammation
CONTENTS CONTENTS
FEATURES
1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 1
WHAT Women's Day IS ALL ABOUT
6
Women in Science Awards
8
Dermatologist Advice
3
Thope Foundation
5
SUCCESSFUL Sanitary DRIVES
6 Special Effects Make-up and Prosthetics 8
BRIDGING THE Gender Pay Gap
2
SUPPORT ETHICAL BEAUTY
REGULARS
5 6 8 2 3 3 3 3
Foreword
Editor’s note
Cover feature
7
upcoming Events
3 available Bursaries
4
Quiz
5
Puzzles
7
Science news
FOREWORD
the
FOREWORD Exceptional women are at the forefront of Science The Women in Science Awards, founded in 2003 as an intervention to empower women in the sciences, is a celebration of our achievements, and it is annual reminder that the full scientific potential of our country will only be realised when all our young women are able to enjoy access to the best facilities and education. It is a source of great pride that South African women scientists
There are too few female senior professors in the science. So
have received so many various international awards. For example,
young women who wish to pursue a post-graduate degree in the
three remarkable South African women scientists have received the
field find themselves led by a male professor who comes from a
l’Oréal UNESCO science award: Professor Jill Farrant for her work
background of male affirmation and support.
on food security; Professor Tabello Nyokong for her work on cancer diagnosis and treatment; and Professor Jennifer Thomson for the
Young women pursuing honours, masters and doctoral degrees
“development of transgenic plants resistant to viral infections,
face daunting odds. The numbers have begun to improve but it
droughts and other risks”.
is still not enough.
However, it’s no surprise to find that there are still fewer eminent
It is vital for all of us to do more to increase access to science
women scientists than men. This is clear from the Academy of
knowledge, and to pursue science, technology and engineering
Science of South Africa (ASSAf) booklet “Legends of South African
careers, as these fields are critical for economic growth. A strong
Science” published to mark its 20th anniversary in 2016. It’s a col-
STEM foundation will help us tackle the development challenges
lection of 53 biographical profiles of significant scientists of whom
facing many of the world’s most vulnerable communities.
only a few are women. Some of them are Jill Farrant, Patricia Berjak (food security), Brenda Wingfield (forest-based economy), Jill Adler
The Women in Science Awards shows that women and girls can
and Mamokgethi Phakeng (school mathematics education), Valerie
succeed and excel in science and research. Our finalists are in
Mizrahi (tuberculosis) and Quarraisha Karim, Helen Rees, Olive
engineering, genetics, conservation, health, education and infor-
Shisana, Anna Coutsoudis and Glenda Gray (HIV infection).
mation technology, among other fields. I hope that, by showcasing their exceptional achievements, younger women will be inspired
These role models overcame the discrimination that women sci-
to follow in their footsteps.
entists face. They managed to succeed, even though women scientists receive far fewer research grants from the National Research Foundation than male scientists.
Grace Naledi Mandisa Pandor South African Minister of Science and Technology
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
5
ED’S NOTE
team Science Stars
LETTER FROM THE EDITOR
Editor • Nadine Sims
Women’s Month - More than meets the eye This issue is our annual Women in Science Special Edition, and we’ve chosen an important theme – Science behind Skincare and Cosmetics. Some say a woman’s hair is her crowning glory, but our skin is also one of our most prized possessions and we should be treating it as such. There was a lot that I did not know before delving into the research for the articles in this issue. I did not realise the amount of intense, thorough research and testing that goes into skincare and this is evident in our close-up with Prof Lall, on pages 13-14.
A lot of scrutiny and research needs to go into skincare products and services, it is an important industry and you will see that by reading this issue. And behind all of the technical aspects, there are young scientists working very hard to make sure that what you put on your skin does not negatively affect your health. Besides looking at skincare and cosmetics, we have also looked at the Thope Foundation who are based in Khayelitsha, Cape Town, and are doing excellent work with young ladies, through education. On page 22, we profile the all-women team that won GirlCode, a 48-hour non-stop coding challenge.
Graphic designers • Cinzia-Joey Swartz • Stacey Okkers Contributing writers • Moeketsi Tigeli • Nicole Ludolph • Pamela Yoli • Shani Rhoda Chairman • Madambi Rambuda Ambassador • Prof. Azwindinni Muronga Sales & Marketing Rep • Ntombizanele Thangayi Subscriptions • info@sciencestars.co.za Copyright 2017 Roswika Media. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or any means, electronically or mechanically, without prior permission. Science Stars is published by Roswika Media.
There is a lot to be said about Women’s Month and its relevance in 2017. What is important to acknowledge, and as you will see in this issue, is that women are still not being recognised and/or afforded the same opportunities as men. Women’s Month is more important than ever, in my opinion, as we can look at these inequalities, shine a light on the issues that are still prevalent and then address them. “We want to transform the world and for us to transform the world as women, we have to change something. We can’t enter something and then expect for it to change, we should enter something with ourselves, with new ideas.” – Valerie Tshiana, one of the winning women of GirlCode (page 22).
Nadine Sims Editor 6
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
10th Floor, The Pinnacle 2 Burg Street Cape Town, 8000 021 839 2507 info@sciencestars.com www.sciencestars.co.za
High school teacher reviews practical video series... As you well know, (see previous Science Stars Issue), BMS Education has filmed and introduced our range of easy-to-understand, practical video series currently available to high school teachers doing Science and Life Science practicals for pupils in grades 8-12. Together with Mr du Plooy and Lerato (amongst other educators) who welcomed the idea, so much work has been done from the inception to the final testing phase. BMS Education is committed to being actively involved with other stakeholders in the country, and working with them to improve Science education. Mr du Plooy continues: “This project exists to improve the understanding of Physical and Life Science, exposing teachers to the products in the lab by means of a series of videos highlighting the prescribed practicals required from grades 8 to 12, and later the informal practicals as laid out by CAPS syllabi. Teachers are shown how to do the practical, drawing up of worksheets for each of these practicals, and then students get to do the fun part! I firmly believe that a hands-on practical approach, paired with the theory is the best way forward and this can be promulgated by means of a liaison with the education department as a first step”. Mr Julio Voges from WCED Metro East indicated the following after viewing of them together with a set of teachers: “The experiment process is for both teacher and learner to understand. These videos adhere to syllabus and examination guidelines. Learners are able to respond effectively to questions, answers provided are appropriate for discussion afterwards.”
Other teachers’ comments: Sarelda Koopman from Bellville Technical: “Good interaction will really support teachers in terms of carrying over the curriculum.” Lydia Opperman from HS Strand: “Very good videos, and the graphs assist with questions.” Loyiso Kanzi from Manyano HS: “For me, the circuit video was helpful in a way that learners can now see the actual components of the electrical circuits and the how the types of connections take place. From BMS Education’s side, we are looking to film the grade 4-7 Natural Science as well as the Mathematics experiments. We are looking for educators in these fields and would really appreciate your assistance. BMS is currently partnering with various stakeholders in the education fraternity as we are not selling the videos, but they will be made available with our equipment and if all goes well, via different platforms.
For more information on this exciting project, or to get in contact with us, please email: sales@bmseducation.co.za or call 021 696 6279. You can view our complete range of equipment at www.bmseducation.co.za
EXPLORING THE SCIENCE BEHIND SKINCARE Get to know your body΄s largest organ By: Nadine Sims
8
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
COVER STORY
T
he largest organ in the body is the
South Africa has the second highest
Acne
skin – it’s your most important, most
incident rate of skin cancer in the world,
Being a teenager, dealing with high school
permanent outfit.
after Australia, according to The Cancer
and transitioning into adulthood can be
Association of South Africa (CANSA).
quite stressful as it is. Adding something like acne into the mix really can make life
Therefore, taking care of your skin is vital. It is, after all, your first point of contact
But despite these worrying figures, there
when you meet someone and this sub-
is some good news. According to CANSA,
unnecessarily difficult.
sequently plays a huge role in your self-
“Skin cancer can be prevented by respect-
But it’s not only teenagers that get acne.
esteem and confidence.
ing the sun.”
Acne vulgaris, known as acne, may follow
When thinking about skincare, we may
Skin cancer most commonly affect indi-
does clean up nicely, you may still be left
automatically think of the worst – acne
viduals with fairer skin tones, although,
with blemishes and scarring.
and pimples. Yes, your face is important
it is not to say that if you are darker you
to look after, but there are other skincare
should disregard sunscreen and protection
Teenagers are prone to acne mainly
matters that need to be discussed.
altogether. There have been cited cases of
because their bodies are going through
skin cancer in darker-skinned individuals
many hormonal changes. During this time
as well.
the oil glands in the body produce more
you well into your twenties. If your skin
Sun protection, especially when you’re
oil and this excess production clogs up
living in South Africa, is very important. Worldwide skin cancer cases had nearly
In the morning, be sure to moisturise with
doubled between 1982 to 2011, according
a cream that has an SPF, even if you won’t
to the United States Centre for Disease
be spending your day at the beach.
pores, causing acne. There is also the possibility of bacteria, which, if leaked into the nearby tissue, can
Control and Prevention. Always be cautious when you’re spending
cause swelling, redness and whitehead,
Below we have compiled a list of a few
time outdoors and make sure you have
pus-filled pimples.
common skincare concerns, what they are,
the best sun protection for your skin tone.
how they function and a few preventative
A higher sun protection factor (SPF) is
Make sure to keep your hands away from
or maintenance measures that can easily
always better, but keep in mind that the
your skin. Our hands harbour a lot of dirt
be implemented.
higher the SPF, the more expensive the
and by touching our face constantly, we
product will be.
could transfer that dirt, clogging up pores
Skin cancer
and causing pimples.
It is no secret that South Africans love the
Getting your necessary dose of Vitamin D
sun, and spending time on the beach is a
is still important, so don’t avoid the sun
Eczema
great way of cooling down.
completely now!
Eczema, also called dermatitis, is a skin
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
9
COVER STORY
condition often associated with allergies. The skin becomes dry, scaly, itchy and red and the acne is visible anywhere on the outer surface of the skin. There are common allergy provoking foods that should be avoided, such as milk, eggs, fish, peanuts and wheat. Many medical practitioners will advise that you do not scratch the affected areas, even if it does feel itchy, as scratching may cause a wound and could lead to scarring. Instead, rub unscented cream or petroleum jelly on the areas to ease the itchiness. Be wary of scented creams and lotion because they cause or add to the skin irritation. Eczema can be found anywhere on the body and comes in many different forms.
When you
Treatment also depends and varies accord-
get out of the
ing to the type of eczema.
shower, you should dry your
Athletes foot
feet and your toes thoroughly.
checkup. Your GP should be able to advise you on the way forward, or refer you to a
Tinea Pedis, also known as athletes foot,
Wearing natural fabrics like cotton is
dermatologist who can diagnose and treat
is moist scaling and itchiness that forms
suggested and if you are going to use a
your condition.
in between your toes and on the soles of
communal shower, it is best to keep your
your foot.
flip-flops on while you shower, until you
Going to a dermatologist can become very
leave the bathroom.
pricey – along with a consultation, you
This can be caused by excessive sweating
might still need to buy the necessary medi-
in your socks or shoes, but you can also
A trick to keep sweaty feet to a minimum
pick it up from showering in a communal
is to soak them in a weak black tea solu-
shower, for example when you go camping.
tion; it tans the skin, but more importantly
The second-best option, if you can’t afford
helps with excessive sweating.
to go to a dermatologist, is to go to your
The condition is very itchy and uncomfort-
cation separately.
local clinic or hospital for help.
able to deal with, but there are measures
Keep your skin healthy
that you can take to prevent this.
Caring for your skin can be costly. It is
Identifying the problem and then getting
important to note that if you think some-
into a regular skincare routine is one of
The most important thing to remember is
thing doesn’t look or feel right, go to your
the tricks to staying ahead of your skin ail-
that your feet need enough air.
local general practitioner (GP) for a quick
ments, and keeping your skin healthy.
10
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
WOMEN’S DAY
it’s our day The importance of Women’s Month in 2017
I
By: Nicole Ludolph
n 1956, 20 000 South African women marched
so, they got their day. The country celebrated
to the Union Buildings in Pretoria to protest
its first Women’s Day in 1994. Since then, the
against the Apartheid pass laws that forced
government has declared that the entire month
all black people and all women to carry passes.
of August is Women’s Month. Now, August
The laws were intended to restrict the freedom
focuses on the reflection of the achievements
of movement of black people and of women in
of women in South African
their own country.
society, and on the struggles women still face.
Women of all demographics and from all over
One of those struggles is poverty. In 2016,
the country gathered in Pretoria, singing Wathint’
StatsSA found that women experience more
Abafazi, Wathint’ Imbokodo (‘You strike the
poverty than men.
women, you strike a rock’). South Africa’s economy is currently The march was organised by the Federation of
performing very poorly, and women are more
South African Women (FSAW), and was said to
likely to experience the negative financial and
be one their most successful. The
social consequences of that poor performance.
protesters left thousands of signed petitions outside of the prime minister’s office. The bravery of the women
‘You strike the South Africa also has a very high rate women, you of gender-based violence. Abuse has found its way into the lives of so many strike a rock’ women and children in South Africa,
who took part in this march is immeasurable.
that is has been described as an epidemic.
They showed us how women are able to bring their strength to bear against injustice, and how
Women’s struggles, more so than their
valuable women’s contributions are, both politi-
achievements, is why Women’s Month is so
cally and socially.
important. It is a reminder to us that millions of South African women still experience
These women saw inequality and took action.
injustice and that the fight for equality is
Their courage is worth commemorating. And
not over.
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
11
ADVERTORIAL
First black female receives PhD in spatial statistics "I hope that my work will have a lasting impact" Dr Sibusisiwe Khuluse-Makhanya is the first black female
Despite these challenges, she managed to complete her BSc hon-
researcher at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
ours degree in statistics before being appointed as a candidate
(CSIR) to obtain a PhD in spatial statistics.
statistician at the CSIR in Pretoria.
Her PhD, which is titled Spatial Statistical Modelling of Urban
At the CSIR, Khuluse-Makhanya continued to further her stud-
Particulate Matter, was conferred at a graduation ceremony at the
ies on a part-time basis at the University of the Witwatersrand
University of Twente in the Netherlands.
and later obtained a Master’s degree in statistics. She was also awarded a Mandela-Rhodes scholarship that enabled her to take
The study looked into developing a framework for mapping the
a year off to attend postgraduate courses at Harvard University in
risk of exposure to poor air quality. The focus was on statistical
the US before registering for a PhD at University of Twente.
methods to deal with the challenges of combining data from multiple sources that differed in terms of quality and coverage
Sadly, her success has a sense of heartache, too. “The only thing
over space and time.
that dampens my spirit about this PhD is that I cannot share this joy with my deceased parents,” says Khuluse-Makhanya.
Commenting on her achievement, Khuluse-Makhanya says, “I am ecstatic about completing my PhD. I am just at the beginning of
CSIR ‘s Competence Area Manager for Spatial Planning and
my research career in statistics and I hope that my work will have
Systems, Dr Pravesh Debba, says that Khuluse-Makhanya’s
a lasting impact.”
research is important to the country.
Khuluse-Makhanya hails from KwaMashu township in KwaZulu-
“Statistics is a scarce skill worldwide, let alone in South Africa.
Natal (KZN) where she completed her primary and high school
With the advances in big data, data science and the data revo-
education. After matric, she went on to pursue her undergraduate
lution, statistics is only now being given the attention that it
studies at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in Durban. She had to
deserves and being recognised as one of the most important
work part-time at a bank and in retail to help fund her studies.
fields of Science needed for any research,” he concludes.
For more information, please contact Tendani Tsedu, CSIR Group Manager: Strategic Communication, on 012 841 3417 or 082 945 1980, or email him on mtsedu@csir.co.za
About the CSIR: The CSIR is one of the leading scientific and technology research, development and implementation organisations in Africa. Constituted by an Act of Parliament in 1945 as a science council, the CSIR undertakes directed and multidisciplinary research, technological innovation, as well as industrial and scientific development to improve the quality of life of all South Africans. For more information, please visit www.csir.co.za
PROFILE
Medicinal use of indigenous plants
E
veryone has a desire to look presentable and appealing in our first point of contact with someone, and if you
are self-conscious about your skin, your confidence and self-esteem usually suffers. Over the years, cosmetics industries have managed to capitalise on this inherent need for skincare products, often at the expense of local consumers by setting eurocentric standards of beauty and encouraging comparisons. South Africa is in the top three worldwide when it comes to biodiversity and Professor Namrita Lall believes that solutions to our problems can be found in our indigenous plants. Prof Lall has seen her work recognised by receiving numerous accolades and has been working on at the University of Pretoria and linked to the industry for close to 20 years. She has been internationally recognised for her groundbreaking work in the medicinal plant field and in August 2011 she was given the Distinguished Young Women in Science Award presented by the Minister of Science and Technology, Naledi Pandor. Prof Lall is also part of the Society of
IN CONVERSATION WITH PROF LALL
Cosmetic Chemists of South Africa and most recently she was awarded ‘The Order of Mapungubwe’. This award, given to her by President Jacob Zuma, is South Africa’s highest honour.
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
13
PROFILE
Her research into the potential of indig-
is a huge amount of work needed to verify
In addition to this, Prof Lall is working with
enous plants for pharmaceutical and
it, and how, traditional remedies and local
one of her PhD students on the Leucosidea
cosmetics purposes has birthed a range
plants actually work,” she says.
sericea shrub. The shrub has chemical
of skincare products that help enhance
compounds in its leaves that help alleviate
health and beauty of African women’s skin.
The products are market-ready, but they
the inflammation caused by a particular
These products target many different skin
are not on shelves yet because they are
acne-causing bacterium.
concerns, like acne, pigmentation, dry skin
awaiting commercialisation.
and it also helps with sun protection.
Results don’t always come easily, says Prof
All of the products are natural and made
“Our natural actives and formulations for
Lall. “It takes hard work, whether you are a
with ingredients that are scientifically
finished products are backed by clinical
man or a woman, to be successful in a par-
developed and tested.
studies, which have been made possible
ticular field. Of course, it helps a great deal
thanks to government and industry sup-
if you are passionate about what you do.
port,” says Prof Lall.
Passion helps you handle the pressures
Although it’ll be a while before we start seeing these products in our local super-
and disappointments a lot better.”
markets, Prof Lall believes that the hard
The next step is to source licenses from
work will be worth it one day.
the South African cosmetics industry to
To contact Professor Namrita Lall and find
produce the products on a commercial
out more about what she’s doing, email her
scale for use.
on namrita.lall@up.ac.za
It is not easy getting to this point of discovery and a lot of work is still needed, she says. “We are now working on up-scaling the processes for extracting valuable compounds from the plants, so that it can be used on a commercial scale.” In the future, Prof Lall hopes that she can not only help consumers with her research and development of skincare products, but also the communities at a local level. “I dream of seeing small factories in local communities where they can process the plants and produce the products themselves,” she says. Subsequently, this would then mean economic freedom and stability for local communities and economic development in the area. Not only does indigenous biodiversity play a huge role, but the traditional knowledge of the regions are also vital. “The vast traditional knowledge about our country’s plants is still untapped, and there
14
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
Armscor promotes a culture of learning Armscor is the acquisition agency for the Department of Defence and other organs of state. Driven by our vision to be the premier defence technology and acquisition service provider for the South African Government and our allies on the African continent and beyond, Armscor continues to drive creativity and innovation in both the defence and commercial environments, in collaboration with our strategic partners. Armscor advocates for the growth and empowerment of women, thus to date, the number of women in strategic positions in the organisation has sharply risen, including those in the technical fields such as Engineering and Science. Owing to its commitment to attract and retain the best talent in the organisation, Armscor has a Talent Development Programme (TDP), which is aimed at developing, equipping and empowering interns for opportunities within the defence and aerospace environment.
Science trainee at Armscor: Nasiphi Mtyelwa Growing up, Nasiphi has always envisaged finding a cure for HIV/AIDS, thus she pursued a BSc degree in Microbiology, in which she graduated with honours. “Science is intriguing and challenging. It takes a vast amount of love and commitment for one to comprehend and succeed in the field” she says. “Armscor is the best company to work for when you’re new in the field, mainly because it affords solid foundations and allows for professional growth with their state-of-the-art facilities”, she adds. Nasiphi wants to invest her time exploring Virology, citing that, “It is amazing how such small organisms can cause mass destruction. I want to know their structure, the techniques to isolate and culture them and their use in research and therapy.”
To be part of the TDP, students must send their latest CV and transcript to tdp@armscor.co.za
Follow us on:
CONTACT US Corporate Communication
Learners can apply for Engineering and Science bursaries with their CV and latest exam results to bursaries@armscor.co.za before 31 October 2017.
Private Bag X337, Pretoria, 0001, Republic of South Africa Tel: +27 (0) 12 428 1911 E-mail: Info@armscor.co.za www.armscor.co.za
DST
Acknowledging exceptional women in STEM
T
he South African Women in Science
The theme for the 2017 awards was in line
Gwagwa, Chief Executive of Lereko
Awards (WISA) celebrates excep-
with the United Nations Commission on
Investment. She quoted Hilary Clinton and
tional women in the Science field.
the Status of Women (UNCSW), which is:
let the audience know that the world’s
Women’s economic empowerment in the
largest untapped global reservoir of talent
changing world of work.
is women.
2003, has become an important element
WISA has five categories, with a special
The Minister of Science and Technology,
of South Africa’s annual celebration of
category added this year in accordance
Naledi Pandor, also spoke at the awards
Women’s Month in August.
with the theme, called research and inno-
and she highlighted the fact that these
The ceremony, hosted by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) since
vation (R&I). This special category is about
awards demonstrate that women can, and
According to the DST, the awards are to
demonstrating the contribution of advanc-
already are, in fact excelling in Science
recognise, celebrate and reward excellence
ing the economic empowerment of women
and research.
by women researchers and scientists. They
in the workforce.
are a great way of profiling women that
The nomination process was strict and
can be role models for the younger gener-
Presented on 17 August, this year’s keynote
applicants were expected to fill out a form
ation of girls to pursue careers in Science.
address was delivered by Dr Nolulamo
and attach the relevant documentation
16
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
DST
to be submitted to the Department of
De Kock’s research into the sensory proper-
cloud-based computing and the finding
Science and Technology in May.
ties of food and beverages is contributing
the use of it in public health services.
to the health of Africans.
The winners and their categories
Yonela Mgwebi (University of
Distinguished Young Researchers: Natural and Engineering Sciences
the Witwatersrand)
Winner: Dr Philiswa Nomngongo
coatings for metals can be used in power
Criteria: Established women scientists and
(University of Johannesburg)
generation. She wants to find cost-effective
researchers who have at least five years of
Analytical chemistry lecturer, Nomngongo’s
ways to produce energy and steel.
postdoctoral experience and are actively
nanotechnology research is on environ-
involved in their respective fields.
mental pollution monitoring, desalination
Emily Muller (University of Cape Town/
and water treatment.
African Institute for Mathematical Sciences
Distinguished Women Researchers: Natural and Engineering Sciences
Winner: Professor Alta Schutte (North
Mgwebi is researching how non-corrosive
South Africa)
West University)
Humanities and Social Sciences
Muller is researching how social networks
Schutte is the first researcher to investi-
Winner: Professor Roula Roula Inglesi-Lotz
influence student performance.
gate the connection between high blood
(University of Pretoria)
pressure and cardiovascular disease in
An associate professor in the department
black African populations. Her work has
of economics, Inglesi-Lotz runs a research
played a major role in establishing health
methodology course for honours students.
TATA Doctoral scholarships Marilize Everts (University of Pretoria) Everts is a published researcher looking
policies across Africa.
Humanities and Social Sciences
Research and Innovation Leading to Socioeconomic Impact
Winner: Professor Azwiihangwisi
Winner: Dr Lephoto Tiisetso (University
Mavhandu-Muduzi (University of
of Witwatersrand)
Loretta Magagula (University of
South Africa)
Her research in molecular genetics consti-
Cape Town)
Her research focuses on new HIV infec-
tutes finding insect killing nematodes to
Magagula is researching cancer-causing
tions and improving the quality of life of
organically control pests in agriculture.
mutations in African populations.
TATA Masters scholarships
Funeka Nkosi (University of Johannesburg/
at ways to improve heat transfer in power generation equipment.
HIV-positive students at rural universities.
Research and Innovation Leading to Socioeconomic Impact
Nomabhongo Masana (Central University
Nkosi is researching methods of improving
Winner: Professor Henrietta de Kock
of Technology)
the performance of lithium-ion batteries.
(University of Pretoria)
Masana’s research is on the benefits of
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research)
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
17
EXPERT ADVICE
PROBLEM SKIN? Dermatologist Cynthia Bailey shares her skincare tips By: Pamela Yoli
Dry skin
pores may look large because they are
Sensitive skin
Due to a damaged skin barrier, moisture
clogged with oil and excess dirt.
Apply gentle skin cleansers and use them
is constantly lost (called trans-epidermal
only where you need them. Once you’re
water loss). Exposure to harsh soaps, sol-
How to care for your skin:
done cleansing, rinse your skin thoroughly
vents, and chemicals will continue to dry
• It’s important to pick deep-cleaning
with warm (not hot) water.
out the skin. Remember that harsh weath-
products that will remove as much oil as
er also pulls water out of damaged skin.
possible without over-drying.
How to care for your body:
• You’ll need to find lightweight products
You probably don’t need as much soap
How to care for your skin:
that treat your specific skin problems (for
as you think you do. Use your liquid
• First, stop all exposure to harsh soaps
instance, acne or hyperpigmentation).
cleanser or soap to work up a lather only
skin cleansers, and solvents.
• It might be necessary to use different
on the parts of your skin that are soiled or
• Second, apply moisturisers that lock in
products for the oily areas of your face and
have body odour glands (you know where
moisture and prevents water evaporation
on your drier areas of skin. Targeted treat-
they are!).
so that your skin barrier can heal.
ment helps to balance your complexion. • Remember, your T-zone is oilier than the
Oily skin
How to care for your face:
sides of your face. You may need stronger
Use the mildest cleanser that does the job.
If you have oily skin your biggest skincare
cleansers and treatment ingredients on
Beware of that tight clean feeling after
concern is probably that your skin looks
your T-zone and the more oily parts of
washing as it means you’ve removed too
shiny and greasy all the time, and has a
your face. Lighter textured products will
much of your natural oils and it has irri-
heavy feel, even right after washing. Your
help, too.
tated your skin.
DRY SKIN
18
OILY SKIN
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
SENSITIVE SKIN
DST
NATIONAL SCIENCE WEEK 2017
T
he launch of National Science Week 2017 took place at Nelson Mandela University in Port Elizabeth, with Science and Technology Minister, Naledi Pandor, making the keynote address.
The countrywide event kicked off on 5 August, under this year’s theme – Advancing Science Tourism – in line with the United Nations theme this which is the International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development. With many activities being offered across the country, this year attracted thousands of learners, teachers and interested parties across the country. Minister Pandor explained why National Science Week is important: “We are hoping to promote science tourism and all the work South Africa is doing to enhance science, technology and innovation in South Africa.” The Science Stars team was also present at the launch and we had a lot of fun meeting, chatting and interacting with students, teachers, stakeholders and future scientists. Look for us at next year’s National Science Week launch, come say hi and grab a Science Stars magazine. We are looking forward to seeing you there!
CODING
WOMEN CODING TEAM SNATCH COMPETITION All-women team come from behind to win By: Nadine Sims
F
our women, all University of Cape Town Honours students, braved it all and entered a 48-hour non-stop
coding competition. Although some called their idea generic and shot it down in the beginning stages of the competition, much to their surprise they took home 1st prize, with a trip to Silicon Valley. The competition, run by the NGO GirlCode, is a ladies-only coding competition. Kungela Mzuku, says one of her lecturers announced the competition and when she asked if Honours students could partici-
From left to right: Kungela Mzuku, Lorna Nqodi, Fadzai Mupfunya and Valerie Tshiani (behind)
pate, her lecturer gave her the go-ahead. Unemployment amongst the youth is high
on how we could continue. It was inspiring
The next task was to find students that
and this platform hopes to connect skilled
to see women who actually work in the
were willing to participate, as everyone
individuals to organisations that need the
industry present at the event, supporting
was away for the holidays. Mzuku jokes
expertise but may not have the funds to
the participants.”
that when she asked fellow students if
employ staff.
they wanted to compete in a coding com-
All of the team members are studying
petition for fun, she had difficulty getting
“Hopefully we will connect with bigger
Information Systems and they all agreed
their attention.
organisations, so if they are looking to do
that it was not an easy journey, but it has
some social change in the community, they
been worth it.
A week later, all four of them arrived at
can connect with the website. If the big
the venue in Johannesburg, and put their
corporations can connect with us, we can
Speaking about coding, Fadzai Mupfunya
heads together to come up with an idea.
connect them with the community,, and
said, “The thing about coding is that you
One team member, Valerie Tshiani, came
maybe organise charity events,” explains
have a love/hate relationship with it, there
up with the idea of building a platform
Lorna Nqodi.
are times when it’s the best thing ever and
for volunteers.
there are times when you don’t want to The competition was strenuous and
The website, Amava, which translates to
Tshiana said having mentors was helpful.
‘experience’ in Xhosa, connects volunteers
“They encouraged us and joked with us,
to NPOs.
when we were so tired and gave us advice
22
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
see it. But, in the end, it’s fun.”
The website is www.amava.co.za
THOPE FOUNDATION
Tutoring and mentoring young ladies By: Nadine Sims
T
hope Foundation is a STEM-based
Maheneng Phali, the Education Support
Phali explains why they do interviews,
education support programme that
Programme Facilitator, says the programme
saying, “We are trying to teach them that
provides Mathematics and English
is powerful and the learning is a beautiful
with everything in life you have to apply
tutoring to schoolgirls.
thing to witness.
for it, so they should apply for their space
The foundation also provides a safe space
Thope was founded in 2013 and they
for girls to touch on other important
currently work with 19 schools, seven of
The foundation has helped to improve
issues, such as menstruation, reproductive
which are primary schools in Khayelitsha.
English marks by an average of 5% and
health and hygiene, amongst a host of
There are 96 girls in the programme and
Mathematics by an impressive 19%.
other things.
each year the intake increases.
The non-profit organisation is based in
In November, applications for girls wanting
gramme currently in grade 8, says
Khayelitsha, Cape Town, and has an after-
to join the programme are gathered, and
Thope helped to guide her and hone her
school programme every Saturday morning,
the potential participants are interviewed
Mathematics skills.
where the main focus is learning.
before joining the programme.
in the foundation.�
Inam Mkiva, 12, an alumni of the pro-
The first group of girls that were with the programme are currently in grade 11 and regular meetings are held to check in on how they are doing. The next step for the Thope Foundation would be to open their own school and the plans for this project are currently in motion. This school would be the first girls-only school in Khayelitsha. YOU CAN HELP To become a tutor or donate, follow Thope Foundation on Facebook or email info@thopefoundation.org to find out more Maheneng Phali (middle) with a few of the students she tutors
about how you can get involved.
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
23
SANSA's Computer Science superstar From a very young age she enjoyed playing with computers, and as she grew older she took her passion for computers more seriously by taking it as a subject in school, which led to her decision to make Information Technology (IT) as a career. After high school Maite went to CTI Education Group in Pretoria where she did her IT Diploma and decided to further her studies with a BSc degree in Computer Systems at Heriot Watt University through CTI. Before she became a software engineer, she completed a presales Internship at Business Connexion. she also completed an NRF internship with SANSA and today’s she permanently employed by SANSA as a Software Engineer. Maite Machipi works in the Data Systems Management unit at SANSA as Software Engineer. She has a degree in Computer
Her day-to-day job includes doing research, design, develop-
Systems, and is currently studying towards BSc Honours degree
ment, testing, support and assisting in maintenance of software
in Computing, through UNISA.
systems in Earth Observation.
According to Maite, there are three qualities of being a Software Engineer: 1/ Self-reliance - You can shoulder responsibilities, be accountable, make difficult decisions and stand by them. To think for yourself is to know for yourself. 2/ Patience - You are willing to be patient, and you understand that, in everything you do, there are failures and frustrations. To take them personally would be a detriment. 3/ Willpower – You have the strength to see things through and you don’t procrastinate for too long.
Message to young people My advice to all the young people that are looking at a career
become more proficient at coding and software design and make fewer mistakes. By year 10, you’ll still learn and you
in IT, especially software engineering, is that your technical
might still be picking up new programming frameworks and
ability to write code and build software plateaus over time.
languages, but your progress and improvement isn’t going to be as dramatic as it was in year 1. Therefore I urge you not to
When you first start out, you’re frequently making technical
give up when times get tough as every cloud has a silver lining.
mistakes. Every small project becomes a learning opportunity that hones your programming skills. As time goes on, you
Finally, “Do what you must do, when you must do it.”
Young Remote Sensing Scientist breaking the grounds in EO research absorption and reflection intensities of the different plant types in the different bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. This plant-type specific interaction with the electromagnetic spectrum also helps to identify the bands where the reflectance of the famine weed is quite different from the other plant types. “These bands are relevant for the early detection of famine weed and can be used to map the areal distribution of the plant using satellite images,” says Kganyago. Land managers, decision-makers and local authorities need information on the distribution of famine weed to respond to their legislated mandate to locate, control and clear any famine weed invasions. EO Researcher, Mahlatse Kganyago, published a paper in the International Journal of Remote Sensing on the detection of
The famine weed maps will assist in monitoring the efficiency
famine weed with an EO spectrometer. Mahlatse holds a Master of
of current control programmes, help to contain small invasions
Science degree in Remote Sensing (cum laude) from UKZN.
before they spread and become too expensive to eradicate and improve the allocation of clearing resources, such as chemical
SANSA’s Earth Observation (EO) directorate recently purchased
and clearing teams.
a Spectral Evolution Field Spectrometer and put it to use in the field to identify the relevant spectral bands that support the
Famine weed is one of the world’s top seven, most widely-
early detection of Parthenium hysterophorus L. or famine weed,
spreading, highly aggressive and problematic invasive plants.
a harmful invasive alien plant.
The plant colonises disturbed environments, such as former croplands, building peripheries, roadsides, railway-tracks, fallow
The instrument captures the reflectance of different plant
agricultural areas and overgrazed lands, waste lands and culti-
types in the same area, including the famine weed. The green-
vated fields.
coloured leaves of these species look similar to the naked eye (or visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum) and can
The impact on agriculture, biodiversity and human health can
only be differentiated by looking closely at their structure.
be devastating. The Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act, 43 of 1983, lists the plant as a category 1 invasive species that
Done manually, this could be time consuming, costly and
‘may not occur on any land or inland water surface/s.’ and land-
tedious but the field spectrometer identifies the unique
owners are responsible.
PROFILE
SPECIAL EFFECTS MAKE-UP AND PROSTHETICS Student talks about changing faces By: Nicole Ludolph
A
make-up and prosthetics student at the prestigious beauty school Face to Face in Cape Town, Ashleigh
Ludolph was not always interested in studying make-up. “I always loved make-up but I had never considered doing it for a living. At the same time, I knew that I did not want a job I had no passion for, just to pay bills.” Ashleigh grew up wanting to be a chartered accountant, but her passion for beauty and make-up never subsided. “My aunt has a huge make-up collection and I would stay over at her house on weekends. She would let me play around with her lipsticks and eyeshadows and I would almost always get to go home with some products of my own. ” Towards the end of her schooling, Ashleigh realised that her ambition to do accounting was one she was no longer sure of. She was, however, sure of her passion
ferent bloods and materials used in film-
a model is the best feeling. It does come
for make-up. She decided to do more
making, designing of wounds and applying
with a lot of stress, though, but it is worth
research on the industry in South Africa,
prosthetic pieces, among other skills.
it at the end.”
course offered by Face to Face Beauty and
When asked what she enjoys about the
Ashleigh hopes to work on movie sets after
Makeup Design School.
course, Ashleigh explained that it is hard
finishing her course. “I want to practice
work but fun. “I love studying make-up,
my skills, not just in South Africa, but all
The year-long course at the internationally
but I actually enjoy the prosthetics pro-
over the world. I am very eager to practice
accredited beauty school teaches students
cess more – from the first step to the final
both prosthetics and make-up, and hope to
about airbrushing basics, the use of dif-
application. Seeing my final creation on
improve my skills even more”.
which is how she stumbled across the
26
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
EVENTS
COMING
UP!
September IoT Safety Hackathon 5-7 September 2017 Cape Town Stadium
international technology-based companies, technology entrepreneurs, investors and financiers to access publicly funded technology offerings from South Africa’s universities, science councils, and companies supported by the Technology Innovation Agency For more information contact Phineas Thosago on 012 843 6834
This event is a 48-hour challenge to create a tool that will make our lives safer, efficient and economical. Eight participants will
In_Herit Festival
be hard at work, for two days straight, coding and hacking to find solutions to practically help us all. The launch event will start on
18-24 September 2017 Iziko Museums, Western Cape
the 5 September at 6pm and admission is free, but booking on
In celebration of Heritage Month the Iziko Museum invites you to
Quicket is necessary.
go to the museum for free during Heritage week. Enjoy free entry
Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) Expo 11-15 September 2017 Mpumalanga
to the Castle of Goodhope and Groot Constantia on Heritage Day (24 September) only, and the Planetarium shows will also be half price on Heritage Day. There is a full programme on the website www.iziko.org.za
The Department of Science and Technology partners developed the IKS Expo as a vehicle to raise public awareness, understanding and appreciation of indigenous knowledge in the country. The
October
IKS provides a platform to exhibit and demonstrate this knowl-
STEM Community Day
edge and its impact on sustainable community livelihoods. There are also discussions about how it can be used in the Science and
14 October 2017 Rustenberg
Technology landscape to benefit communities in which the indig-
A STEM Community Day is a science and tech fair held in a com-
enous knowledge is practiced.
munity focused on building awareness and interest in STEM and
For more information contact Gaboile Mabeba on 012 843 6551
also to demonstrate the importance of STEM through showcasing
Innovation Bridge Technology Showcase
the pillars in individual, corporate and entrepreneur settings. There is a registration form that needs to be filled out to attend
15 September 2017 Gallagher Estates, Gauteng
and that can be found on the Events page on SAASTA website.
The event is intended to provide an opportunity for national and
information.
Email vari@pstem.org.za or call 011 704 0300 for more
INDUSTRY DEBATE
WE΄RE WORTH MORE … So why are we not getting equal pay?
For centuries the role of women in the workforce has gone unappreciated, in comparison to their male counterparts. Women were not able to vote until 1930 in South Africa (and even then the right was only granted to white women). It wasn’t until the 70s that it was seen as the norm for women to study at tertiary education level and some sources even say that the women-to-men ratio only started evening out during the 80s. Despite laws being put in place to prevent gender inequality in all forms, not much has changed as women face oppression of a new kind in the workplace; getting paid less than a male, for the exact same job.
Over the years, many have questioned the gender pay gap, and in recent years we have seen this debate come to life across all platforms. Women, in most societies, are not seen as the breadwinners of the families. Rather, it is expected that the man pursues a career. Some say it is due to this very misconception that women are generally paid less than men. This grim reality is also true for the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics industry. Apparently the pay gap is as large as 22%, which is 5% wider than other occupations. The latest World Economic Forum Wage indicator data revealed astonishing differences in how much men get paid compared to women all around the world.
By approximating the median wages of men and women in specific countries around the world, the following data was found: 1/ The global median wages were estimated at €1 300 for men and €900 for women. In South Africa, the percentage gap is 30%. So, if you convert the Euro amount into Rands, that would mean… 2/ For roughly every R14 000 a woman makes, her male colleague makes R20 000 more doing the same job, under the same conditions.
Botswana showed a difference of 13%. Egypt showed a percentage of 20%. Zambia showed a percentage of 8%. Angola had a promising 4% difference. Interestingly, South Sudan is the other way around, with a gender wage gap of -88. The median wage indicator further showed that if a man makes roughly 3 000 Sudanese pounds, a woman earns 6 000. How’s that for girl power? The prospects may sound harrowing, but with all the debates that 2017 has sparked, it has brought with it an open dialogue about issues of gender equality. And change is inevitable.
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Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
SPEED DATING FOR THE BRAIN MAKES MATHS AND SCIENCE FUN It’s a fun, fast-paced game that lets you test your knowledge of subjects such as Maths and Science, and learn something in the process. Speed Dating for the Brain, an initiative of the Capitec Foundation in partnership with the Department of Science and Technology, is returning for its fourth year in all nine provinces during National Science Week.
The game, based on the popular speed dating concept, has participants move in rapid succession among six booths to complete fun and educational Science-based tasks. A bell marks the time for you to switch to the next booth. After visiting all booths, participants post their entry forms in a ballot box for a lucky draw at the end of each event. Speed Dating for the Brain took place at the launch of National Science Week at the Nelson Mandela University on 5 August 2017. The theme for this year’s Science week was Advancing Science Tourism, and the Speed Dating for the Brain was based on the country’s top tourist attractions and the Science behind it. Participants tested the impact of everyday household items on radio frequency, played music on wine bottles filled with water, completed brain maths teasers and more. “Each year, National Science Week gets bigger and better,” says National Science Week co-ordinator, Bafedile Kgwadi, from the South African Agency for Science and Technology Advancement. “It is exciting to see this engaging activity continue and expand its reach across the country.” This is why we are taking the concept to schools around the country, “ says Fischer. “But we will also be holding Speed Dating for the Brain at malls, where everyone can participate, young and old.” “Having a sound grasp of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics has never been more important to South African learners and students. As Capitec Foundation, we are proud to be part of this important initiative,” he adds.
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
29
TIPS
Save your skin A healthy lifestyle equals glowing skin By: Pamela Yoli
It’s hardly news that eating healthily and exercising is great for you. The benefits of taking care of yourself and controlling what you eat are important for optimising skin cell renewal. Here are tips to help keep your skin radiant
Make sure you always remove your make-up before
Hydration is your skin’s hero. Make sure you
bed. The skin needs to breathe overnight and
drink lots of water daily. Healthier, glowing
make-up prevents that and could clog up pores,
skin comes from drinking (at least) eight
causing blemishes and/or blackheads.
glasses of fresh water a day.
Apply sunscreen with SPF of at least 15 that blocks
Wash your face with warm water in the
sun rays. Since a lifetime of sun exposure can cause
morning and at night. Gently massage a
wrinkles, age spots and other skin problems, you
facial cleanser into your face using circular
have to protect your skin from the sun.
motions. After cleansing, pat dry and apply a moisturiser.
Eat fresh fruits, vegetables, sufficient protein and
Keep your hands off your face. Your hands
vitamins. A diet rich in vitamin C and low in fats
touch so many surfaces, they are a magnet
and sugar promotes radiant skin. Consider a
for dirt and germs. Touching your face could
low-sugar diet, which can keep insulin levels
transfer all that dirt and bacteria from your
down, allowing cells to maintain a healthy balance.
hands to your face.
Exercise regularly. Running, jogging and yoga will
Popping pimples can lead to more swell-
give your body the necessary blood circulation, and
ing, redness and unwanted scarring, so you
also accelerate the cleansing process of your entire
really should try your best to keep your
body. You will notice a glow on your face after
hands off. Feel a pimple on its way? Just
working out.
clean the area with rose water, and place a
Try to sleep at least eight hours every night. If you don’t get enough shut eye, your skin gets tired just as your body does. Sagging and undereye bags are the result, so don’t risk it. Apply honey to your face twice a week to naturally soothe and heal your skin.
30
chilled green tea bag on the area for 10 minutes. If you just can’t resist popping (we know, a large whitehead or zit isn’t the best confidence booster) hold an ice cube on the area immediately after popping the pimple to decrease swelling and redness.
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
INSPIRATION
ICONIC WOMEN IN SCIENCE Let us introduce you to the women you need to know By: Moeketsi Tigeli
S
Godliver Businger (Uganda)
cience, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics have always been a
Businger started her career in Civil
male-dominated industry, but this
has changed as exceptional women begin
Engineering in 2012 by joining the Global
to rise to the forefront. We compiled a list
Women’s Water Initiative. She hosted a
of women who went against the grain.
radio show aimed at raising awareness around the importance of educating girls.
Rapelang Rabana (South Africa)
She’s listed as a ‘Water Role Model’ by the
Co-founder of Yeigo Communications
Reuters’ trust.org. Juliana Rotich
After graduating from University of Cape
Katherine Johnson (USA)
Town with honours in computer sci-
Juliana Rotich (Kenya)
National Aeronautics and Space
ences, Rapelang Rabana co-founded
Co-founder Ushahidi.com and iHub
Administration (NASA) Mathematician
company’s success saw it partner with a
The founder of Ushahidi.com, a software
Johnson started college at 15 and took
Switzerland telecommunications company
platform that helps people report inci-
classes to become a Mathematician. She
to create a learning app called ReKindle
dences of violence and map them out on
graduated at 18 and became a teacher.
Learning. She has won numerous awards
Google Maps, Rotich came up with the
At 36, she joined NASA and worked on
for her work, including earning herself a
idea during Kenya’s 2007 post-election
the 1962 United States program to send
spot on Forbes’ 30 under 30: Africa’s best
violence. She also founded iHub, an organ-
people to the moon. Through her knowl-
entrepreneurs and she featured in Oprah
isation for sharing technological ideas
edge of Geometry, she figured out the
Magazine’s O Power List in 2012.
with like-minded technologists as well as
paths for the spacecraft to orbit Earth and
Mobisoko, a mobile app marketplace. She’s
to land on the moon. Her Math would go
a TED Senior Fellow, member of World
on to send many astronauts to the moon
Economic Forum council for Information
and back.
Yeigo Communications. The South African
Communications Technology and made The Guardian’s 100 Top Women.
Nashwa Eassa (Sudan) Nanoparticle Physicist Dr. Nashwa holds a Master of Science in Material Physics and Nanotechnology. She founded Sudanese Women in Science and her research won her the Elsevier Rapelang Rabana
Foundation Award for Early Career Women
Katherine Johnson
Scientists in the Developing World in 2015.
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
31
COSMETICS
SAVE THE PLANET (AND LOOK GREAT DOING IT!) A guide to the hottest cruelty-free cosmetics in South Africa By: Shani Rhoda
I
n recent years, there has been a world-
our responsibility to protect animals and
ence between companies who are 100%
wide shift towards more conscious and
the environment?
cruelty free and those who do not test
sustainable living. More and more peo-
their products on animals, but they are not
ple are heading towards vegetarian and
There is an alternative to animal testing
entirely cruelty free. Before purchasing,
vegan diets, households are recycling and
These days, brands are leaning towards the
read the labels on your products to make
cosmetics companies are taking a stand
more natural, organic approach to skincare
sure they’re certified cruelty-free!
against animal testing.
and make-up. In addition to this cleaner
So, how can you do your bit? Adjusting
Here are a few cruelty-fee brands using the human cells and tissues provided according to PETA:
is difficult and the first step is making
by volunteers in invitro methods of test-
• African Extracts
informed choices on the products you con-
ing. Thanks to the ever-evolving scientific
• Black African Organics
sume and the companies you support.
breakthroughs, we are able to grow and
• Oh So Heavenly
approach, products are often tested by
mimic human’s cells and tissues in a lab
• Beaucience
What does animal testing involve?
without causing any harm to animals, and
• Lush
Product testing takes place to make sure
the results are more accurate too.
• Wet n Wild
products are safe for human use before
• Dermalogica
they reach the shelves. When cosmetics
Which brands are animal-friendly…
• Essence
or other products are tested, animals are
We’ve summed up the local skincare and
• Palmer’s
exposed to harsh chemicals and hazardous
cosmetic brands that are against animal
• Dr. Hauschka
materials, often for long periods of time,
testing. It’s important to note the differ-
• Environ
to monitor the short and long-term effects of the product’s ingredients on health and biological systems. These animals, most commonly rabbits, mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, monkeys, birds, as well as dogs and cats suffer due to the exposure to, and effects of the procedures.
Science versus ethics Some may argue that animal testing is necessary in order to protect humans from falling ill or developing medical conditions when using products, but we cannot simply ignore the unethical component at play. We need to ask ourselves how we can balance our scientific advancements with
32
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
FINANCIAL SUPPORT
Bursaries Funding Your Future Armscor Field of study:
• Aeronautical Engineering • Electrical Engineering (major in
SMIT Amandla Marine Field of study:
light current)
• Marine Engineering • Maritime Studies • Electrical Engineering (only
• Electronics Engineering • Industrial Engineering • Chemical Engineering • BSc (with intention to study post-
from 2nd year upwards)
• Oceanography/Climatology (bursaries are awarded at Honours and Masters levels) How to apply: Check that you meet the minimum requirements, then apply by emailing careers.smitamandla@smit.com with subject line ‘2017 Bursary Selection Committee’. Attach a motivational letter, CV (with contactable references), your latest academic results and proof of registration at a tertiary institution. Closing: 7 October 2017
SAWISE Hope Field of study:
• Engineering • Science How to apply: Email your CV, an official academic transcript (record, a letter of motivation (+- 300 words) and a certified copy of your ID to thehopescholarship@gmail.com. Please note this is a female-only bursary for BSc Honours, and only financially dependant candidates
grad Ergonomics)
• Computer Science Engineering • Applied Mathematics and Science/ Statistics How to apply: Email bursaries@armscor.co.za and request a copy of the application form. Post completed application form and supporting documents to: Senior Manager: Skills Development, Armscor LTD, Private Bag X 337, Pretoria, 0001. Closing: 31 October 2017
will be considered. Candidates must
Motsepe Foundation Field of study:
• Engineering • Entrepreneurship • Mathematics • Medical Studies • Sciences • Technology & Business Studies How to apply:
be studying at one of the following institutions: University of Cape Town, University of Johannesburg, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University of Pretoria, University of Stellenbosch, University of the Witwatersrand, or University of the Western Cape. Closing: End November 2017
South African Weather Service Field of study:
• Environmental Sciences • Meteorological Studies • Technology Studies • Weather Observers How to apply: Download a copy of the application form at www.weathersa.co.za/about-
Call 011 324 1500 for instructions
us/bursaries. Hand deliver or post
or send an email to bursaries@mot-
your application and supporting
sepefoundation.org and request an
documents to: The Chief Executive
application form. Remember to sub-
Officer, The South African Weather
mit supporting documentation along
Service, Private Bag X097, Pretoria
with the application forms via email.
0001, Attention : Ms. N Tabata
Closing: 14 October 2017
Closing: 18 October 2017
QUIZ
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
1 2 3
Approximately how long does water remain safe for consumption? A. 100 years
7
Which of the following is a good conductor of heat and electricity? A. Graphite
B 1000 years
B. Diamond
C. 10000 years
C. Granite
Sub-atomic particles are? A. Hypron B. Neutrino C. Antineutrino
8
Each day humans breathe in how many litres of air? A. 5000 – 10 000 B. 10 000 – 15 000 C. 15 000 – 20 000
Which animal has the biggest eyes of all living creatures? A. Elephant B. Owl C. Horse
4 5 6
How many days is the lifespan of a red blood cell? A. 60 B. 120 C. 240
What is the most dense substance on the earth? A. Osmium B. Platinum C. Steel
Which acid is present in lemon? A. Tartaric B. Lactic C. Citric
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Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
PUZZLES
SUDUKO Fill in the 9×9 grid with digits so that each column, row, and 3×3 section contain the numbers between 1 to 9
1 7
4
8
9
6
3 1 7
5
1 7
2
6 9
1 2
4
9
2
4 9
6 3 5
8 7
6 3
8
5
5
1
2
7 4
CROSSWORD 1
Down
1 2
2
1. What is the outermost layer of skin called? 2. Which organ in the body produces insulin? 3. What is the largest organ in the human body? 4. In which month is the sun closest to Earth?
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5. True or False – The nearest planet to the sun
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is Mercury
Across 1. Which gas is commonly used in balloons? 2. What is considered the powerhouse of the cell?
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3. What is the study of genes called? 4. Which planet is referred to as Earths ‘bodyguard’ saving us from many comets and asteroids? 7
5. True or False – Nuclear energy is not a renewable energy source 6. The scientific study of plants is called? 7. A mobile phone sends and receives messages through what sort if waves?
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
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ANSWERS
TEST RESULTS
What was your score for the Advancing Science Tourism Issue?
SUDUKO
SCIENCESTARS Issue 15 | July/August 2017
ADVANCING SCIENCE TOURISM
4 6 1
3 8 9
5 2 7
2 5 8
6 7 3
9 1 4
7 4 5
8 9 6
1 3 2
8 3 9
2 7 5
6 4 1
1 6 7
9 8 4
5 2 3
3 9 6
4 1 2
7 5 8
5 2 7
1 4 6
9 8 3
3 9 4
2 5 1
6 7 8
8 1 2
7 3 5
4 6 9
QUIZ
CROSSWORD
1. B - The Nile River 1
3
A N
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E
X
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2. A - Mariana Trench
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3. B - Clouds
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O
4. C - Plant and animal 5
N
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B O
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O
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T 4
I C E
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A
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S 4
L C
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E 5
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W
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6. A - New Caledonia Barrier
A
Reef
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G
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E A
H M
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L 6
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I 3
5. A - The Pacific Ocean
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V
E
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Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
7. C - 60 seconds 8. C - Galileo Galilei
SCIENCE NEWS
HAVE YOU HEARD? A supervolcano poses a bigger threat to humans and climate than asteroids Supervolcanoes are unusually large volcanoes that can cause a significant impact on the climate. One such volcano is situated in the Yellowstone National Park in the US. It is believed that the volcano erupts roughly every 600 000 years. Scientists have warned that the last eruption was 600 000 years ago… Alarming!
Young CUT student nominated for an award Lerato Mongale is a Masters student in Biomedical Technology at the Central University of Technology, Free State. She was shortlisted for the coveted Standard Bank Top Women in Science award and was the youngest of the four nominees. She fell short of winning the accolade, which was won by Precious Hawadi of NTP Radioisotopes. Next time, Lerato!
Newly discovered dinosaur named The new species, named Patagotitan mayorum (which translates to ‘giant’) was found in Patagonia, South America, approximately three years ago. The large titanosaur is thought to have weighed up to 70 tons – and that is as much as 10 large elephants! Some scientists believe that it is the largest known dinosaur to have existed.
There could be snow on Mars As humans prepare to head to Mars, there is much to be learned about the red planet. Despite the formation of clouds at a sizeable altitude, and Mars’ recent Ice Age being 400 000 years ago, the common belief is that there can be no snow on Mars. A recent study in Nature Geoscience has proven otherwise. The study found that snowstorms occur during Martian night as the cooling of ice-water particles takes place. Cool!
UWC students perform experiment at CERN A group of UWC students and their professor performed the first African-led experiment at the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) lab in Switzerland. CERN houses the most powerful scientific equipment on the planet and is where the world’s top scientists go to experiment and find out more about our universe. Well done to the UWC students!
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
37
SANITARY HEALTH
SAY YES TO PROPER SANITARY CARE Shining a light on local heroes granting a basic right By: Shani Rhoda
D
id you know that an astounding amount of roughly seven
Funds are raised through donations on their website – see
million schoolgirls in South Africa miss school each
www.projectdignity.org.za
month because they don’t have the necessary sanitary
wear? Having access to basic sanitary products can be crippling –
Caring4Girls
not only to the health of these girls and young women, but also
Part of the Nelson Mandela Foundation, Caring4Girls is a distri-
to their confidence.
bution program that provides sanitary towels and awareness on menstruation to underprivileged communities. Operating since
Once a month for between three to six days, girls all over the
2012, their main aim is to keep girls in school. Currently, they are
world experience this inevitable fate, but not all of them are able
running a campaign to reach 2 million school girls by 2020. With
to face their periods in comfort or with the necessary support.
further awareness and assistance, we know they can achieve (and exceed) their goal! For more information on how you can get
There are several non-profit organisations in the country who
involved, visit www.caring4girls.com
know the importance of proper healthcare and sanitary wear for all. They are making sure that those who can’t afford products
Happy Days
receive them.
Founded in 2013, and running successfully ever since, Happy Days is an organisation driven by education. As the manufacturers
Project Dignity and Subz Packs
and distributors of pads that are donated to schools in Gauteng,
The idea behind these packs, containing three pairs of special
Eastern Cape and the North West, Happy Days places a significant
cotton menstrual panties and reusable sanitary towels, was cre-
emphasis on making girls feel confident when they are menstru-
ated by a local fashion designer. The packs, which will last for
ating. Creating an open forum in which girls can come together
five years each, allow girls to wash and reuse the pads. The eco-
and discuss the changes happening to their bodies, the organisa-
friendly attempt to arm young women with all they need. This
tion also answers, and allows girls to explore, the many questions
sees the packs, including an educational booklet on feminine
related to menstruation and reproduction without the stigma
hygiene and female reproduction, being delivered to schools.
that is often attached to feminine health.
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Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
Celebrating the great women of UWC The University of the Western Cape is home to many inspiring women – who are making their mark at the University and far beyond. Here are just a few.
Dr Fanelwa Ngece-Ajayi Dr Ngece-Ajayi is a senior lecturer in Physical Chemistry at UWC, and a research leader in the field of drug metabolism nanobiosensors for antiretrovirals and Tuberculosis treatment drugs. Apart from her role at the University, Dr Ngece-Ajayi also leads a non-profit organisation called AmaQawe ngeMfundo, which she founded along with five other academics. Together, they aim to change the negative stereotypes about townships and instil confidence among pupils living there to study maths and science.
fishgate.co.za_UW7891
Through their efforts, they have empowered more than 60 pupils from different schools in Khayelitsha using motivational seminars, workshops and talks. These events are also tailored to provide pupils with information pertaining to bursary and scholarship applications, apart from assisting them with placement at institutions of higher learning.
Dr Imogen Wright
Dr Mmaki Jantjies
Dr Wright, a scientist and researcher at UWC’s South African Bioinformatics Institute (SANBI), was instrumental in the development of a software solution called Exatype, which enables health workers to determine a patient’s responsiveness to antiretroviral drugs.
Dr Jantjies is one of the first black women to obtain a Ph.D. in Computer Science, and has greatly contributed to research on mobile learning technology development for mathematics and science in South African schools, with a focus on multilingual content presentation.
Through a simple report, Exatype detects drug resistance in patients – highlighting the need to avoid certain drugs to ensure successful treatment. The software has the potential to contribute towards effectively managing HIV/AIDS in Africa, and also holds promise in helping detect drug resistance for other disease burdens such as Tuberculosis, Malaria and antimicrobial resistance.
She is currently the head of the Information Systems Department at UWC, and also coordinator of the Mozilla and UN Women technology clubs for girls. These clubs are focused on teaching basic technology skills to young girls in disadvantaged communities, with the aim of introducing the technology industry as a viable career option.
This noteworthy work, done in conjunction with UWC spin-off company, Hyrax Biosciences, earned Dr Wright a second place at the 2016 Innovation Prize for Africa (IPA) Awards.
Dr Jantjies’ passion for ICT development earned her a spot on the 2017 Mail & Guardian Young 200 Top Achievers’ list, as well as a place on the list of South Africa’s top 50 inspiring women in technology.
For more inspiring stories, visit www.uwc.ac.za
Mzansi For Science
Scientists, Technologists and Innovators are just like you. They’re curious. They ask questions. They try new things. The desire to try new things has been inside you from the very beginning.
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