SCIENCESTARS Special Edition 2018
WOMEN IN SCIENCE
Earth Fun Facts
70% 7 billion people on Earth
4.5 10 000km
of Earth’s surface is covered in water, with the rest being land mass.
billion years old
into space is how far the Earth’s atmosphere reaches up.
97% 3%
of the water is salt water/ocean is freshwater.
The Earth itself has 3 layers - the Crust, the Mantle and the Core.
C
84% of the Earth’s volume is the Mantle, with it being 2970km thick.
17 milliseconds is how long the Earth’s rotation is gradually slowing down for, every 100 years.
23 hours, 56 minutes and 4 seconds is how long it takes for the Earth to fully rotate, not 24 hours.
365 365 and a quater days is how long the Earth takes to orbit the sun.
100 1/3 of the Earth’s surface is desert, either partially or fully.
times per second the Earth is struck by lightning - that is 8.6 million times a day.
CONTENTS CONTENTS
FEATURES
9 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3
science news
0
WOMEN IN SCIENCE AWARDS 2018
2
we meet three of the winners
6
famous quotes
9 Inspiration: patricia bath
0
ESKOM EXPO 2018
3
TOP 5: WOMEN IN TECH
5
CHALLENGE
8
REVIEWS: BOOKS AND MOVIES WE LOVE
0
GET READY FOR THE UPCOMING EXAMS
REGULARS
3 5 2 3 3 3 3 3 3
EDITOR’S NOTE
COVER STORY
7
UPCOMING EVENTS
1
AVAILABLE BURSARIES
2
QUIZ
3
PUZZLES
4
ANSWERS
5
FACTS
6
SCIENCE CENTRE
ED’S NOTE
team Science Stars
LETTER FROM
THE EDITOR
Editor • Shani Rhoda
What is a woman?
A woman, according to the most basic dictionary explanation, is “an adult human female, as distinguished from a girl or a man”. But how can something so complex have such a simple, mediocre definiton? I’ve decided that it’s because words cannot do a woman justice – there are too many descriptions, titles and duties owned and embraced by a woman to be confined to a single box. So, in this special issue of Science Stars magazine we’ve taken the word and dissected it into its many different personalities – as established career women who are using their knowledge to improve their communities on p12, as young and innovative minds on p20, and on p28 as heroes, fictional and non-fictional, who leave us hopeful… But most importantly, we’ve taken women and placed them in the frontline as creators, as carers, as fixers and as dreamers.
Graphic designer • Cinzia-Joey Swartz Contributing writers • Moeketsi Tigeli • Nicole Ludolph • Zakiyah Ebrahim Chairman • Madambi Rambuda Ambassador • Prof. Azwindinni Muronga Sales & Marketing Rep • Ntombizanele Thangayi
Subscriptions • info@sciencestars.co.za Copyright 2017 Roswika Media. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or any means, electronically or mechanically, without prior permission. Science Stars is published by Roswika Media.
This issue is a celebration of how far we’ve come – more and more women are entering the field as engineers, scientists, mathematicians – and where we’re headed as we continue fighting for equal pay and more opportunities. We’re changing the game. And this issue is a testament that we’re not done with the world of STEM just yet… We hope you are inspired by all that this issue has to offer and that it’ll leave you with your head in the clouds and your minds focused on your books. Enjoy it!
Shani Rhoda Editor 10th Floor, The Pinnacle 2 Burg Street Cape Town, 8000 021 839 2507 info@sciencestars.com www.sciencestars.co.za
IT’S (BECOMING) A WOMAN’S WORLD Women have come a long way, and we still have a long road ahead of us. We take a page out of history and look at the facts of today to determine our next step…
By Shani Rhoda and Moeketsi Tigeli
COVER STORY
P
icture this: men get up early to go to
While many of her life’s details have fallen
Lessons learnt:
work as hard labourers and, at night,
through the cracks of history, we do know
Look for inspiration from your current
they head home to a home-cooked
that Crumpler learnt to love caring for sick
situation – in your personal life, in
meal, a clean house, children who are
people thanks to the influence of her aunt.
your community or in the world – and
ready for bed and a wife who greets him at
Crumpler started working as a nurse later
find solutions to everyday problems.
the door after working her own unskilled,
on in her life and after eight years and
Remember, even if your hard work doesn’t
low-paid job. Up until just a few hundred
several letters of recommendation from
put your name in headlines just yet, STEM
years ago, this is what the average
doctors she had worked under, she was
is ever-evolving!
household would’ve looked like. This is
accepted into the New England Medical
the life of our great-grandmothers and our
College. After four years, she graduated
grandmothers… and it’s even the life that
with her master’s degree!
some of our mothers are currently living. Lessons learnt: But there are the exceptions… those
Follow your childhood passion – there’s
women who compromised their role as
usually a reason that you desired it! Work
Perfect Housewife for a more unusual, even
hard even if you don’t have the means
frowned-upon, role – that of a woman in
to tertiary education just yet… there are
science. It would not have been an easy
many ways of reaching success provided
pathway, but these trailblazers led the way
you get out of your comfort zone and
to a impressive history – and future – for
make the right connections.
black women in science, technology, maths and engineering. These women were
Katherine Johnson
hungry for knowledge, thirsty for success
• Born in 1918
and knew that it was up to them to make
• Mathematician whose work was crucial
a difference in their world.
in man’s first visit to space
Let us introduce you to a few unsung heroes of the past…
A maths whizz from an early age, Johnson graduated with a college degree in maths at just 18 years old! In 1958, while she was working for NASA, her team was tasked with a major equation – calculating a way to get to space and back. Just a few years later in 1961, the first American
Alice Ball
made his way into the galaxy, and her
• 1892 - 1916
calculations didn’t end there. Ex-president
• First woman to graduate with a master’s
of the US, Barack Obama, presented
degree from the University of Hawaii
Johnson with the National Medal of Freedom in 2015 and the film Hidden
Ball used the oil from the chaulmoogra
Figures (turn to p28 for more) was partly
tree to treat the symptoms of leprosy,
based on her life.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler
predicting that its benefits would best be
• 1831 - 1895
seen when injected. The drug was used up
Lessons learnt:
• First African-American woman to earn
until the 1940s – she never got to witness
Find what you’re good at, keep practising
a medical degree in the US
the impact her research had on society!
and it’ll lead you to something great!
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Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
COVER STORY
Women rising to the forefront
49%
51%
South Africa’s population According to Statistics South Africa’s mid-year population estimates for 2017, approximately 51% of South Africa’s population is female. However, the research and development landscape does not reflect this, former Minister of Science and Technology, Naledi Pandor, noticed two years ago.
South African Research Chairs In her speech during the 2017 Science Forum South Africa (SFSA2017), Pandor revealed her shock discovery that prior to 2016, South African Research Chairs (SARChi) had only males in higher positions.
2006 Present
- 0 female
- 42 female
The issue here was that these chairs receive excellent funding for their research, meaning males once again had the upper hand on women researchers. Pandor made a conscious decision that by 2016 research chairs should include women – this was after the initiative had been running for 10 years since its establishment in 2006.
Presently, the numbers paint a different picture; almost half (42) of the National Research Foundation’s researchers are now women. The research chairs disciplines include 16 chairs in humanities and social sciences, 14 for life sciences and 12 in the medical, health sciences and physical sciences.
This transformative move by the DST is not to be taken lightly considering the struggles during the early days in the fight for gender equality. Take 9 August 1956 for example – today we recognnise it as National Women’s Day – but on the historic calendar, more than 20 000 women marched to the Union Buildings in protest against the unjust laws imposed on women in South Africa. That was just the start of the movement towards fair opportunities for all. History has shown that females have the capacity to empower themselves and rebel against injustices based on their sexual orientation. Currently, millions of organisations across the globe are formed by women with the sole purpose of empowering other women in their career paths and development.
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
7
Mzansi For Science
Scientists, Technologists and Innovators are just like you. They’re curious. They ask questions. They try new things. The desire to try new things has been inside you from the very beginning.
Facebook.com/MzansiForScience Mzansi4Science
NEWS
MAKING HEADLINES Here are the stories making local and international news. Go with Green Miss South Africa 2018, Tamaryn Green, has revealed that she was diagnosed with Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) in 2015. Green, who has put her medical studies on hold during her reign, is using her experience to speak up for those who are affected by TB with her campaign #BreakTheStigma. She hopes that by raising awareness of this curable disease with educational videos on the signs and symptoms, we can reduce the number of deaths by 2035. She is an ambassador for the National Department of Health and for the World Health Organisation.
Pillay gets the boot While South Africa welcomes the freedom of speech, it's clear that outright racist, sexist or hateful comments will not be tolerated. Recently, the South African Institution of Civil Engineering (SAICE) took public outrage into consideration when they relieved CEO, Manglin Pillay, of his duties. In the July issue of the group’s industry magazine, Pillay penned a column titled Out on a rib wherein he questions whether women should be present in STEM fields and claims they are better suited to caring industriesr. We think a woman should replace him!
Make room, Marvel! Shuri, arguably our favourite character in Black Panther (turn to p28 to find out why!) is getting her own comic. Marvel has announced that they’ve recruited a black author – Nnedi Okorafor – to write it and that the comic is set for release in October this year. Wakanda forever!
Local celebs are lekker! If there’s one thing we love more than our people making us proud, it’s successful people who give back to their communities and uplift others. TV presenter Maps Maponyane, born in Soweto, announced that the 2018 Maps Maponyane Bursary in partnership with Pearson Institute of Higher Education will cover the recipient’s full tuition for one year, worth R75 000. He took to Instagram to announce the winner (Molinah Nkomo who is studying towards a BSc Biomedicine) with a picture of the two of them and a caption that ends saying, “She couldn’t stop smiling, and that in itself made me realise just how fortunate I am to be in a position to give.”
Causing royal waves Two students from the University of Cape Town – Thamsanqa Hoza and Siposetu Mbuli – were recognised by the Queen of England for their outstanding leadership. The Queen’s Young Leaders award is granted to people between the ages of 18 and 29 from across the world. Hoza, a commerce student, invented the “Hot Nozzle” along with medical student Bokamoso Molala, which is a portable showerhead that uses gas or batteries to heat water. The design saves electricity and water, a welcomed idea in these water-scarce times we are currently facing across South Africa. Mbuli, a science student majoring in chemistry and oceanography, looked at her own trials caused by her genetic condition, albinism, to inspire others. Her organisation, Love, This Skin, provides educational workshops, sunscreen and eye care to roughly 100 people living with albinism in disadvantaged circumstances.
EVENT
A celebration of unity, inclusivity, growth and development. By: Moeketsi Tigeli
The awards categories are: • Distinguished Woman Researchers • Distinguished Young Woman Researchers • Research and Innovation • DST Fellowships • TATA Africa Scholarships for Women in Science, Engineering and Technology
Left to right: Len Brand (TATA Africa CEO) with award winners
T
he annual South African Women In
figures in the liberation and uniting of
ambassadors, high commissioners and
Science Awards (SAWiSA2018) took
women in South Africa, the ceremony also
invited guests.
place on 23 August 2018 at The
highlighted the need to “leverage science,
Ranch Hotel in Polokwane.
technology and innovation to enhance
In her opening remarks, Kubayi-Ngubane
inclusive growth and development.”
said: “It is fitting that this year's SAWiSA is
The initiative, hosted by the Department
dedicated to remembering the sacrifices
of Science and Technology (DST), was held
This prestigious event on the South
that women like Mama Sisulu made to
under the theme: “100 years of Mama
African science calendar was hosted by
building a democratic society that respects
Albertina Sisulu: Women united in moving
DST Minister Mamoloko Kubayi-Ngubane,
and celebrates the crucial role that women
South Africa forward.”
with the keynote address delivered by
play in all fields of human endeavour.”
Dr Seipati Makunyane, the chief specialist Since its launch in 2003, the awards
and head of the Steve Biko Academic
This year’s event introduced the Astronomy
ceremony has been at the forefront of
Hospital’s Ophthalmology Department.
category, where a ‘Minister's Special
profiling local women in STEM, uplifting
Award’ – the Commemorative MeerKAT
the next generation of young women
In attendance were dignitaries such
Award – was presented In celebration of
scientists and researchers.
as Director-General of Science and
the historic launch of 64-dish MeerKAT
Technology, Dr Phil Mjwara, former
telescope array in the Northern Cape on
In addition to this year’s theme in honour
First Lady, Dr Bongi Ngema-Zuma, and
13 July. This award was won by University
of Mama Albertina Sisulu, who was a
Deputy Minister of Higher Education,
of Cape Town (UCT) Astronomer Professor
nurse and one of the most influential
Buti Manamela. Other guests included
Renee Kraan-Korteweg.
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Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
EVENT
Left to right: Len Brand with scholarship winners Sikelelwa Ndiweni, Sonia Kiangala, Olauile Ejekwu
Left to right: Minister Kubayi-Ngubane; Professor Nicole Barkhuizen (winner of the Distinguished Young Women Scientist); Dr Seipati Makunyane (keynote speaker)
The evening was filled with entertainment, including singing and dancing
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
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WINNERS
MEET THE WOMEN
LEADING THE WAY The Women in Science Awards is a great way of uncovering our STEM stars… taking them from the lab to the podium.
By: Moeketsi Tigeli
Distinguished Woman In Science: Professor Nokuthula Sibiya
P
rofessor Sibiya’s story is, as the saying goes, “one for the books”. In 2017 she was appointed as Executive Dean of the Faculty of Health Sciences at Durban
University of Technology (DUT). In 2018 she earned her spot as African science royalty at the recent SA Women In Science Awards (SAWiSA2018) where she scooped the Distinguished Woman In Science award. A KwaZulu-Natal native, Sibiya was born in Umlazi and went against the grain in an environment where women’s roles were restricted. “There is a myth and misconception that science is for males. This is not true,” she says. After matric, she decided to become a nurse. “I did a bachelor’s degree in nursing for four and half years at the University of Zululand. The course is now offered over a period of four years.” She recalls her hospital trips differently from the rest of us, instead of fearing injections and dreading hospital food, she was fascinated by the staff. “Whenever my mom took me to the clinic or hospital, I was inspired by seeing doctors and nurses in their uniforms. I liked the manner in which they walked, spoke, touched and provided care to the sick,” she said. Sibiya now holds a PhD in the field of nursing research and nursing education. She has published over 40 research papers and is the author of two books. Her message to all aspiring nurses? “I was trained as a nurse, I chose to be a lecturer and I am now an executive at a university. When I chose nursing, it did not cross my mind that one day I would be in a management position. To young people, go for it. You may not know what’s in there for you… the sky is the limit!”
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Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
WINNERS
Distinguished Women Researcher (2nd place): Professor Karen Elser
H
aving grown up in war-torn Zimbabwe in the 1970s,
and Zoology, followed by a PhD in Ecology. When asked what
Elser recalls nature’s beauty being her haven. “I grew up
drives her, she said, “For me, it’s about helping to understand
in small towns, close to nature, and so fell in love with
and protect the magnificent natural ecosystems that we have
nature when I was very young. I belonged to a museum club
in Africa. I have been involved in research focusing on how
and through it, I got to help raise orphaned animals and to
to repair and restore damaged ecosystems. Globally and in
appreciate the natural world,” she says.
South Africa, governments are seeking ways to scale up their ecological restoration activities. There is a message of hope in
Elser made her career choice at the tender age of 12. “On a trip
the work I do, and I hope many more passionate young women
to Great Britain, on a walk through Kew Gardens [the botanical
will follow as there is much to be done.”
gardens that is home to the world’s largest collection of living plants], I recall answering the inevitable question ‘What do you
The first woman president of the South African Association of
want to do when you grow up?’ and without hesitation I said
Botanists and former treasurer of Association Of South African
‘I want to work with plants!’”
Women In Science and Engineering (SAWISE), Elser’s message to young girls is: “Be bold – don’t be afraid to follow your dreams.
Her qualifications list a BSc Botany and BSc Honours in Botany
Nurture your passions and seek a career that caters for them.”
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
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WINNERS
Distinguished Women Researcher (3rd place): Professor Soraya Bardien
P
rofessor Bardien (Division of Molecular Biology and
about microbiology (the study of viruses and bacteria) and I was
Human Genetics) won third place for her work in Natural
hooked! I decided I was going to study this at university.”
(Life and Physical) and Engineering Sciences. With help from her biology teacher Mr Wagiet at Belgravia
Bardien heads a group of researchers at Stellenbosch University
Senior Secondary – who she describes as being inspirational
that investigates the genetic basis of a brain disorder known as
and pushed her to study hard despite protests at her school –
Parkinson’s disease which sees the dopmine-producing brain
Bardien gained entrance to the University of Cape Town where
cells being lost. A lack of dopamine can lead to other health
she studied microbiology and human genetics.
and lifestyle complications such as depression and addiction. “In patients with this disorder, certain brain cells die. We are part of
“One must look beyond their current problems to the future and
a global network of scientists trying to understand why these
see the bigger picture. There are still too few female scientists
cells die and what we can do to prevent this from happening,”
in senior positions in this country. We need more female role
she explains.
models and from different ethnic groups,” says Bardien.
Born in Athlone, Cape Town, Bardien’s dedication to her school
When asked how important science education is, particularly to
work and a bit of guidance from a friend lead her to pursue
females, Bardien quotes a Fanti proverb: “If you educate a man,
her career in STEM as a molecular biologist and human
you educate an individual; but if you educate a woman, you
geneticist. “In Grade 11, I met a fellow learner who told me
educate a nation.”
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Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
THE CSIR providing opportunities for young and upcoming
RESEARCHERS
L
aser technology benefits various domains of our
of light, describing a research field which aims to
modern existence through various devices such as;
generate, manipulate and detect photons – particles
lighting displays in entertainment, office equipment like
of light. It is an essential component of everyday
laser printers, DVD players at home, barcode scanners
technologies, addressing societal challenges such as
in the shops, surgical technology in hospitals or devices
energy generation, healthcare and security.
for cutting and welding industrial materials in factories. People like Rendani Nemagovhani, a Laser Technician intern at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) National Laser Centre (NLC) can play a critical role in advancing laser technology knowledge to young people. As an intern, Rendani is responsible for operating and maintaining various laser systems and metallurgical laboratory work such as preparing samples and analysing them. He holds a National Diploma in industrial physics with major streams in laser technology and material sciences from the Tshwane University of Technology. “Studying physics opens doors to a myriad of careers in many sectors. My interest in physics developed when I was still in high school and that is when I decided I was going to study a physics-related course in tertiary.” Rendani enrolled for a diploma in industrial physics because he wanted to study something that incorporated photonics and metrology. Photonics is the science
I also saw that there were scarce skills in the field of photonics and laser technology, therefore I took this as an opportunity.” Rendani would like to be a principal researcher and also further his studies. “The CSIR has given me an opportunity to learn a lot and to grow academically. I would like to have a PhD degree in Physics before I reach the age of 30, he adds.” He encourages those who would like to pursue a career in physics to take mathematics and physical science in high school and get good results. “Know your goal and aim towards achieving it by working hard. You need to be curious about how things work and why they work in a specific way,” he says. He also says that you need to be enthusiastic, patient and have a continuous desire to learn more.
ENVIRONMENT QUOTES
That’s what she said! Women are breaking stereotypes in the world of science, giving girls hope for a better future and making it easier to follow their lead. These are a few of our favourite quotes…
“Don’t let anyone rob you of your imagination, your creativity, or your curiosity. It’s your place in the world; it’s your life. Go on and do all you can with it, and make it the life you want to live.” – Mae Jemison, the first African-American woman astronaut in space
“People ask me all the time: ‘What is it like to be a woman at Google?’ I’m not a woman at Google… I’m a geek at Google. And being a geek is just great. I’m a geek – I like to code; I even like to use spreadsheets when I cook.” – Marissa Mayer, technologist and former CEO of Yahoo
"Certain people – men, of course – discouraged me, saying [science] was not a good career for women. That pushed me even more to persevere.” — Francoise Barré, virologist and winner of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
“Science is not a boy’s game; it’s not a girl’s game. It’s everyone’s game. It’s about where we are and where we’re going.” – Nichelle Nichols, former NASA ambassador
“When I was young I was very interested in science and technology, and my dad brought home the first computer. I played Pac-Man and I was hooked! By learning to create technology, girls learn to speak up.” — Regina Agyare, founder of software company Soronko Solutions
“I was taught the way of progress was neither swift nor easy.” – Marie Curie, first woman to win a Nobel Prize
“Now we’re in an age where technology is mandatory, and we wanted young girls to have this understanding and know how to build an app.” — Peta Clarke, technical lead at Black Girls Code
“To be able to code gives you the freedom to build anything and that is just so empowering.” — Karlie Kloss, supermodel and founder of Kode With Klossy
It’s what we build
3112
We all dream of a better future. For ourselves, our families and our country. SANRAL, as part of the National Development Plan, is improving and expanding vital road infrastructure. In the process we are creating jobs, transferring skills and developing opportunities for all South Africans. We are proud to be a part of the National Development Plan, because we know that roads are more than just roads, they pave the way to a better future.
More than just roads
IDENTITY IS IN THE
EYE OF THE BEHOLDER “Dare to be different, but at the same time, stay true to yourself.” GUGULETHU MABUZA-HOCQUET These are very appropriate words indeed from the woman who has committed her research to identity protection. The way Gugu sees it, your identity is all you really have – and the answer to protecting it, lies in iris biometrics. She is exploring the unique iris properties of the South African population that may just hold the key to a uniquely South African security encryption system. “Your iris does not only hold information such as your age, gender and race, it also says you are part of a demographic mix that is not found elsewhere in the world. Now imagine a future where those unique features in your eyes will protect the most valuble thing you have – your identity.” Gugu describes the way she ended up in science as a “beautiful accident”. It’s certainly one to be thankful for.
BRIGHT YOUNG SCIENTISTS BEHIND IDEAS THAT WORK. www.csirideasthatwork.co.za
INSPIRATION
PATRICIA BATH The life of a trailblazing doctor, inventor and teacher. By: Nicole Ludolph
B
orn on 4 November 1942, Dr Patricia Bath had to contend
academic rank. My initial office was with secretaries.” She went
with poverty, racism and sexism throughout her career.
on to say that she could have protested, but her “focus was on
Bath excelled despite these obstacles, and her invention
the prize”.
of the Laserphaco Probe changed, and continues to change, the lives of countless people.
Early life Born in Harlem, New York, Bath developed an interest in science early in her life and completed high school in just two years. She graduated with a bachelor’s degree from Hunter College in 1964, and then went on to study medicine at Howard
Believe in the power of truth. Do not allow your mind to be imprisoned by majority thinking. Remember that the limits of science are not the limits of imagination.
University. In 1973, she became the first-ever black woman to
The Laserphaco Probe
complete a residency in the field of ophthalmology.
Bath broke many firsts in her career – her crowning
Overcoming obstacles
achievement, however, is the Laserphaco Probe. The invention,
Despite being a brilliant doctor, Bath faced constant bias
which she came up with in 1981 and patented in 1988, is a tool
because of her race and her gender. When she joined the
that allows for the removal of cataracts with minimal invasion
Ophthalmology Faculty of the University of California, Los
and risk. Her invention gave sight back to the blind. In 2001,
Angeles (UCLA) in 1974, she was the first woman to do so. She
Bath was inducted into the International Women in Medicine
said to TIME magazine, “When I joined the faculty in 1974, I was
Hall of Fame. Her hard work and perseverance remains a source
the first woman. And the office spaces were usually based on
of inspiration to women and girls everywhere.
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19
ESKOM EXPO
ESKOM EXPO FOR YOUNG SCIENTISTS 2018 What’s it all about? We get into the details of the expo and chat to two of the winners.
By: Zakiyah Ebrahim
T
he annual Eskom Expo for Young Scientists gives South Africa’s school learners the opportunity to showcase their own scientific investigations and engineering projects.
Learners from grades 6–12 can enter individually, or a maximum of two learners can work together on a paired project. The Expo is affiliated with 35 regions in South Africa and the regional expos were held between July and August this year. Learners then compete for a chance to represent their region and province at the Eskom Expo for Young Scientists International Science Fair (ISF). They also stand a chance of winning prizes, such as special Lisa van Sittert
awards, bursaries, laptops and the chance to represent South Africa at other prestigious international science fairs. There are 24 different categories in which a project can be accommodated, including agricultural sciences, energy, and innovation and technology. Selected students from these regions then compete against other young scientists from around the country and world at the prestigious ISF. This is the largest science fair on the continent and when learners win here, they are also selected to participate in other science fairs in other countries, truly making it a global event.
Meet two young South African girls making waves… Zaakirah Abed
In the world of technology The online world teenagers are living in may bring them the fame
overwhelmed and happy that I didn’t just win the award for Best
and fortune they crave, but it can also be harmful to their self-
Female Project, but this awesome digital smart watch too, and
worth. Trying to discover the link between teenagers’ social media
that was just very cool. It’s very satisfying to win something like
activities and their self esteems, grade 10 student from Welkom
that after you’ve worked so hard on a project,” she says.
Gymnasium, Lisa van Sittert, conducted extensive research over a period of several weeks.
The 16-year-old teen is on social media herself and says she isn’t against it, but feels that it is something we shouldn’t take
Her project, “Selfie Media”, won her the Best Female Project award
for granted. “I think it’s important that we acknowledge the
at the Welkom Regional Expo for Young Scientists finals. About
emotional impact that social media plays in many aspects of our
winning the award, she says she was very surprised. “I was so
lives,” she adds.
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Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
ESKOM EXPO
In the biology of the brain
It took about a month to complete her project, and although it
In discovering people’s unique learning styles, Zaakirah Abed,
didn’t come without its obstacles, such as strict time constraints,
a grade 6 learner at Zinniaville Secondary School in Rustenburg,
Abed persevered to carry out her experiment on people of
sought to explore whether people have better visual or auditory
different ages and genders.
memories. Her project, titled “Visual Memory vs. Auditory Memory”, was showcased at the expo last month.
Her project won her The Eskom Special Award for Best Female Project at the Bonjalo Regional finals, and she couldn’t be
“I wanted to test if people remember things better if they saw
happier. “This was a wonderful opportunity for me to be part of
it or if they heard it,” Abed says, and explains that the idea came
showcasing young female scientists,” she says.
from her days at school. “Sometimes teachers read out texts and ask us [learners] questions thereafter. We are also given texts to
Abed says that a future in STEM is important because it affects
read ourselves and I noticed that most of the students remember
every part of our lives. “Science is everywhere in the world
the answers when they read the text themselves, as opposed to
around us; technology is expanding into every aspect of our lives,
having the teacher read it to them,” she says.
so I think STEM is of utmost importance for the future,” she says.
Photographs supplied by: Eskom Expo for Young Scientists NPO
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
21
TOP 5
Tech-savvy women We get behind the screen and meet those who are making their mark in the world of technology. By: Zakiyah Ebrahim
Elizabeth Varley Gracing the 2017 list of the Most
Sam Wright
Baratang Miya
Influential Women in UK IT, Varley is the
Mastermind behind the blog TechGirl.co.za,
Miya is the founder and CEO of the
co-founder and CEO of TechHub, a global
this 31-year-old is a tech and gaming
non-profit organisation (NPO) GirlHype
home for technology entrepreneurs and
YouTuber and blogger who entered the
– Women Who Code. While studying at
start-ups. Headquartered in London with
world of esports broadcasting in 2016.
the University of Cape Town, she started
operations in New York, across Europe and
Describing herself as a “giant geek”, her
the first women’s movement on campus.
in India, her vision was to create a single
blog is one of the leading technology and
She taught herself how to code and today,
place where entrepreneurs could access
gaming blogs in South Africa. She has
GirlHype teaches over 10 000 women and
information and resources.
made appearances on international shows
girls how to programme and provides app
including GinxTV, currently has a gaming
development training. Miya’s goal is for
segment on 5fm radio and is also an
the NPO to have helped a whopping
esports writer for redbull.com.
200 000 girls by 2020.
Nuria Oliver Oliver is proving to be a game changer in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) field, and believes it is important to look at how technology can help the world. Growing up, Oliver was fascinated by the idea of being
Sofia Ongele
a scientist and inventor, and pursued a
This Californian scholar and engineer (17)
degree in telecommunications engineering
won a Kode With Klossy (KWK) scholarship
from the Technical University of Madrid
– an initiative founded by supermodel and
in 1994. She is the recipient of several
entrepreneur Karlie Kloss that empowers
awards including the Top 100 innovators
young girls to code while at a summer
under 35 and the 2016 Ángela Ruiz Robles
camp. Ongele also founded Girls Byte Back
Spanish National Computer Science Award.
and has completed an internship at Apple.
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
23
CHALLENGE
THE LAST STRAW A look at how plastic destroys the ocean and how you can help.
By: Nicole Ludolph
P
lastic straws are killing our oceans.
The single-use plastic straws we use
According to ecocycle.org, Americans
tend to end up in the ocean, where they
use over 500 million plastic straws
generally break up into smaller pieces
Start something!
a day. These straws end up in the ocean,
and are mistaken for food by marine life.
Five things you can do to help:
where they cause harm to marine animals
Plasticpollutioncoalition.org states that
1) Stop using plastic straws: refuse
– from fish to sea turtles and birds.
over 260 species, including invertebrates,
straws at restaurants and at shops.
turtles, fish, seabirds and mammals,
2) Encourage others: challenge your
The Last Plastic Straw campaign
were reported to have ingested or
favourite eateries to replace plastic
This project by Plastic Pollution Coalition
become entangled in plastic debris. This
straws with biodegradable ones.
was founded by Jackie Nuñez, who writes
resulted in these animals experiencing
3) Spread the message: urge your
on the campaign website, “I had my ‘Last
impaired movement and feeding, reduced
friends to stop using plastic straws
Plastic Straw moment’ in 2011 after
reproductive output, lacerations, ulcers
and other single-use plastic items.
receiving a glass of water with a plastic
and even death.
4) Clean up the environment: join clean-up efforts in your area,
straw at a local beachside bar in Santa Cruz, California. I had just arrived in town
Human beings are also affected
particularly if you live on the coast.
after travelling the Caribbean. While there,
Plastic products secrete toxic chemicals
5) Recycle, recycle, recycle! Collect
everywhere I went I saw plastic pollution.
into our air, our groundwater and our food
On the beaches, in the water, on land.
supply. There are traces of these toxins
Plastic pollution was everywhere, there
in almost all of us, and exposure to these
was no getting away from it.”
toxins are linked to cancer, birth defects
and recycle plastic straws and other single-use plastic items in your household and at school.
and other ailments. According to the lastplasticstraw.org, 80% of debris found in the ocean is land-based
Go to thelastplasticstraw.org for more
and up to 90% of that debris is plastic.
information on how The Last Plastic Straw
Nuñez started the campaign to create
campaign is making a difference.
awareness on how damaging plastic straws are to the environment, and to educate people on how a small change in their behaviour can impact the planet positively.
Can a straw really be that bad? Plastic straws are not made to decompose. They do not disintegrate back into the earth to feed plants and other life. The chemicals that make up plastic straws cannot be biodegraded by anything in nature. This means that, even if straws are destroyed by fire, they become part of our air and make the air we breathe toxic. In other words, every plastic straw ever made is still in our environment. Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
25
EVENTS
See you there! Here’s a list of upcoming events you wouldn’t want to miss.
SEPTEMBER
OCTOBER/NOVEMBER
When: 22-30 September 2018
When: Planned for sometime during these two months
Where: From Pretoria to Cape Town
Where: Hakskeen Pan, Northern Cape
This biennial weeklong competition sees solar-powered
The Bloodhound is a work-in-progress attempt at setting a new
vehicles – designed and built by different teams from all over
land speed record. Although the project started out in the UK,
the world – driving across South Africa. On the journey that’ll
the landscape in the Northern Cape is the ideal testing grounds
span approximately 5 000km, these cars will be put to the
for the 500mph milestone and drew the project to our home!
ultimate test on the country’s ever-changing landscapes and
Visit bloodhoundssc.com for more information.
The Sasol Solar Challenge
Bloodhound Supersonic Car (SSC)
altitudes. This year, there are a total of 13 teams, with 7 of them being from South Africa and two of them – Maragon Solar Eagle and DSJ Solar Car Team – entered by high school learners! Visit solarchallenge.org.za for more information.
OCTOBER
DECEMBER
South African Youth Engineering & Science Symposium When: 4-6 December 2018 Where: University of Pretoria
First Tech Challenge
This conference invites the country’s top science and
When: Register now for the S championship taking place in
engineering students to partake in a science fair, competing
March 2019
for medals and prizes. SA-YESS, as it’s often referred to, is
Where: TBC
presented by the iMBEWU Science Foundation. Visit
Teams made up of a minimum of 10 members in grades 7-12
sayess@imbewu.foundation for more information.
are guided by mentors as they design, build, program and operate robots. Through innovation, hard work and strategy,
Science Forum South Africa
STEM skills are strengthened. Awards are given to the teams
When: 12-14 December 2018
who can best use their robot to raise funds and do community
Where: Pretoria
outreach. Visit firstsa.org for more information.
Hosted by the Department of Science & Technology, the fourth Science Forum South Africa will kick off at the LC de Villiers Sport Complex of the University of Pretoria and continue at the CSIR International Convention Centre from 13 December. Finalyear natural science students can apply for free entry to the event. Visit sacnasp.org.za for more information.
REVIEWS
IN LOCAL NEWS… eduCate is a maths and science revision
ON OUR LIST The world is filled with wonder women – some real and some fantasy. We sum up the best books and movies where women steal the show.
programme for matriculants that is shown at Ster-Kinekor cinemas. These educational Theatres of Learning create a space where learners from under-resourced schools can revise the entire matric curriculum in 10 pre-recorded sessions. Additionally, learners each receive a booklet with study notes.
Books to bag Inferior: How Science Got Women Wrong and the New
The Only Woman in the
Research that's Rewriting the Story by Angela Saini
Room by Eileen Pollack
Armed with scientific facts and research studies,
Written by one of Yale
Saini goes on a mission to prove stereotypes
University’s first female
nonsensical. She acknowledges that there are
graduates, this book
differences between men and women – the brain,
ask questions that any
immune systems – but that these differences are
woman in science (and
not the deciding factors in the role that men or
frankly, any woman in
women are meant to fulfil in society and in the
any industry) wants
workplace. Read this book if you’d like to see
answers to. Pollack
science (and girl power) set the record straight!
sets out to find out why there aren’t more women employed in top
Must-see movies Black Panther Its release took the world by storm, raking in over $1 billion at the box office! Why did audiences all over love this film? The superheroes are a welcomed departure from the stereotypical do-gooders – black writers, a black director and mostly black cast members brought our superheroes from Wakanda to life. Why do we love it? Women are in the front line – saving their community with their strength and intelligence. We especially love Shuri (played by Letitia Wright), King T’Challa’s little sister, who fixes any problem in no time (and uses vibranium in mind-blowing ways). Our favourite line by Shuri? When Everett (played by Martin Freeman) wakes up in Shuri’s headquarters after being shot in his spine and reduces his miraculous recovery to “magic” and Shuri replies: “Not magic. Technology.”
Hidden Figures Starring Taraji P. Henson, Octavia Spencer and Janelle Monae, this 2016 release is still on our minds… And for good reason. Based on the non-fiction novel which topped The New York Times Non-Fiction Best Sellers list, this story highlights the important role that of an all-female team of African-American mathematicians working at NASA had during the first few years of the space program. Centred on the injustices they were served to their overcoming the scepticism of scientists around them, this feel-good movie is a must-see for all!
positions and breaks down the barriers they face in the workplace. She spent six years interviewing everyone from her former lecturers to her peers who had dropped out of their courses, in search of the biggest obstacles that women and minority groups face. If you feel that you’re constantly undermined, read this book! You’re bound to find loads of inspiration and motivation in its stories.
STUDY TIPS
PLAN YOUR NEXT
STUDY SESSION The end-of-year exams are around the corner. Here’s how to make sure you’re ready for them!
STUDY TIMETABLE
FOOD FOR THOUGHT
In order for you to cover all your subject matter thoroughly, you
As good (and convenient!) as a toasted cheese sandwich may
need to start preparing well in advance. Make a list of all your
be, your body needs proper nutrition in order to function at its
subjects, the modules each subject covers and estimate the
best. Fill up on these brain-boosting foods daily and follow
amount of time you’ll need to revise each section. Also keep
a healthier eating plan before and during your exams:
in mind which time of the day you feel most productive and
Breakfast: eggs contain vitamins B6 and B12 and choline –
maximise those hours. Some people concentrate better first
good for better brain functioning and memory.
thing in the morning and others work best when the family has
Lunch: the vitamin C found in oranges, guava, strawberries and
gone to sleep at night – figure out which suits you best and
tomatoes prevents mental decline.
plan your studying around that.
Supper: fatty fish such as sardines have omega-3 fatty acids, which are great for memory; red meat ups your iron levels
WORK IT OUT
and allows your body to function properly; vegetables such as
Exercise needn’t be a dreaded task! Find ways of incorporating
broccoli protect the brain against damage.
workouts into your daily life. Take a brisk walk with a friend
Snacks: dark chocolate makes for better brain performance
(this is a good time to ask each other questions on the material
(and happy tastebuds!); nuts are high in vitamin E, which slows
you’ve recently covered); opt for the stairs instead of a lift; play
mental decline.
games with your younger siblings or offer to walk to the shop for your mom’s groceries.
GET COMFORTABLE Make sure you are ready for your study session by preparing
MAKE YOUR BREAKS COUNT
your workspace – have all your notes, books, stationery and
While it’s important to take regular breaks and give your mind
equipment nearby. Ladies, it’s difficult trying to concentrate
a chance to recover from intense study sessions, it might be a
when it’s that time of the month. Keep period pains at bay by
good idea to partake in activities that keep your mind on your
keeping a hot water bottle against your stomach, covering your
subject matter. Sound confusing? Turn back to p28 for fun ways
back with a blanket and taking medication suggested by your
of keeping your head in the learning game.
pharmacist if necessary.
30
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
BURSARIES
Funding your future SAWISE Scholarships
PSG Bursary
MultiChoice Bursary
Fields of study:
What does it cover?
What does it cover?
All fields of science and engineering
The bursary covers tuition fees, prescribed
A portion of the tution fees, all prescribed
Who can apply?
textbooks and other study expenses.
textbooks, certain meals, accommodation
For SAWISE Angus Scholarship:
Apart from financial support, students will
and a monthly stipend will be paid by
• Sub-Saharan black females
receive mentoring and coaching, as well as
MultiChoice. The bursary may also include
• Must have achieved 70% or above in
experience through training and entrance
the opportunity for recipients to work
subject of study
into the graduate programme.
within their chosen field at MultiChoice
• Only for studies at Honours level (or 4
Fields of study:
during the mid-year holidays.
year equivalent – e.g. in engineering)
• Actuarial Science
Fields of study:
For SAWISE Hope Scholarship:
• Mathematical Sciences
• BSc Engineering (with Mechatronics)
• South African female students
• Applied Mathematics
• Computer Engineering
• Must have achieved an academic
• Statistics
• Computer Science
average of over 65%
• Investments Management
• Information Technology (specifically
• Only for studies at Honours level (or 4
• Information Systems
Software Development)
year equivalent – e.g. in engineering)
• Information Technology
• Software Engineering
• A desire to make a contribution to their
• Software Development
Who can apply?
respective fields and to society at large
• Computer Science
• South African citizens
• Must be studying at University of
• Data Analytics
• Successfully completed Matric
Cape Town, University of Johannesburg,
• Project Management
• Full-time students currently in one of
University of KwaZulu-Natal, University
• Artificial Intelligence
the aforementioned fields
of Pretoria, University of Stellenbosch,
• Engineering: Electrical, Electronic,
• Achieved a minimum average of 65%
University of the Witwatersrand or
Computer, Mechanical and Industrial
for all subjects
University of the Western Cape
Who can apply?
• Preference will be granted to
How to apply:
• South African citizens
BEE students
Applications must include hard copies of:
• Completed Matric
How to apply:
• Curriculum vitae
• Studying towards a degree within one of
Submit clear, certified copies of the
• An official academic transcript (record)
the aforementioned fields of study
following supporting documentation,
• A letter of motivation (~350 words)
• A minimum overall average of 65%
combined into one attachment, to
• A certified copy of your ID
How to apply:
Manini.Molehe@multichoice.co.za:
• For the Angus Scholarship, a completed
Register online at legacy.psg.co.za and
• ID document
application form
attach the following documentation:
• Matric certificate
Mail to:
• ID document (certified copy)
• Full tertiary academic record to date
PO Box 34085
• Degree qualification certificate
• Curriculum vitae
Rhodes Gift
(certified copy)
*NOTE: Use“MultiChoice Bursary
Cape Town
• Academic transcripts
Application" along with your full name in
7707
• Curriculum Vitae
the email subject line.
Who to contact:
Who to contact:
Who to contact:
Visit the SAWISE website or email
Contact the PSG head office on
Contact Manini Molehe directly via email
sawise.scholarships@gmail.com.
0800 551 552 or email info@psg.co.za.
at Manini.molehe@multichoice.co.za.
Closing date:
Closing date:
Closing date:
30 November 2018
30 November 2018
14 March 2019
th
th
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
31
QUIZ
Picking your brain
1 2 3 4 5 6
How long does it take for a plastic bag to decompose? A. 10 days B. 1 000 years C. 5 years
When was artificial intelligence created? A. 1993 B. 1955
7 8
C. 1767
How much is Google worth? A. $120 billion B. $146 billion C. $89 billion
When was the first car invented? A. 1769 B. 1882 C. 1886
Who was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize? A. Rosalind Franklin B. Lise Meitner C. Marie Curie
Who is not one of the two founders of Microsoft? A. Bill Gates B. Paul Allen C. Larry Page
9 0 1
Which is the skin’s largest organ? A. Skin B. Heart C. Liver
Which is the longest river in Africa? A. Niger River B. Zambezi River C. Nile River
Which is a renewable energy source? A. Solar energy B. Coal C. Petroleum
Which country was recently listed as one of the top five most energy efficient countries in the world? A. Canada B. Denmark C. New Zealand
32
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
PUZZLES
SUDUKO Fill in the 9Ă—9 grid with digits so that each column, row, and 3Ă—3 section contain the numbers between 1 to 9.
6
2 7 1
2 3 2 4
5
8
1 9
7
4 6 3
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9 3 5
8
6
6 1
5 6 8
3 1 9
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Technology Engineering Science Awards Project Eskom Scientist Biology
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
33
ANSWERS
TEST RESULTS What was your score for the Science Stars Energy issue?
SUDUKO
SCIENCESTARS Issue 19
ENERGY
1 2 8
6 3 5
7 9 3
5 1 3
2 7 9
4 8 6
9 6 2
3 5 7
8 4 1
6 7 5
9 2 4
8 3 1
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3 4 7
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QUIZ
WORD SEARCH
1. B - Henry Cavendish
34
2. B - Wilbur and Orville Wright
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Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
3. A - Rickets 4. B - Ethology 5. C - Karyology
8. A - Barometer
FACTS
All you need to know about… Artificial intelligence (AI) • The
increase in the use of technology, customer demands and the flow of data is making it difficult for companies to avoid the use of conversational AI chatbots. An article on Forbes estimated that by 2020, 85% of customer interactions would be managed by AI. • Alexa, a virtual assistant available at Amazon, can assist you in your daily tasks – from turning lights off with just a verbal command to managing your schedule. • Conversational AI (which is used for virtual assistants) will likely be able to recognise various speech patterns in its users in the near future. What does this mean? Bots will be able to pick up on mood changes and eventually may even provide counselling if it picks up signs of depression, which might lead to suicide prevention. • AI is estimated to contribute a whopping $15.7 trillion to the global economy by 2030, according to a recent report by PwC. • While there are many benefits of AI, Elon Musk warns that it could become dangerous and that the use of AI should be regulated. • The late Stephen Hawking voiced his opinion on AI systems, saying that it’ll make many jobs redundant due to their ability to learn. • Most AI systems are female, as studies have shown that people prefer the voice of a woman over a man’s.
What exactly is AI? AI is a branch of computer science that sees machines or devices work and react similarly to humans, showing the ability to speak, learn, plan and solve problems.
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
35
SCIENCE CENTRE
NWU POTCHEFSTROOM
SCIENCE CENTRE
Developing, encouraging and supporting innovative talents. By: Zakiyah Ebrahim
S
ituated in the North West, the NWU
New experiments are continuously
centre through our curriculum support
Potchefstroom Science Centre
developed in cooperation with staff of the
and career guidance, and, of course,
was launched in May 2005 by
Faculty of Engineering. Zelda Friesling,
through the interactive environment that
then- Minister of Science and Technology,
who currently runs the centre, tells us
induces development of inventive minds,”
Mosibudi Mangena, and is an educational
that the policy of the centre is to be both
says Friesling.
institution that supports and caters for
creative and innovative and it does so in
individuals who are interested in pursuing
various ways. “The science centre takes
If you would like to play around with
a career in the STEM industries.
part in continuous outreach programmes
science and be exposed to positive new
where learners and educators from
experiences, visit the centre from Monday
The centre also promotes knowledge
different primary and secondary schools
to Friday between 09h00-16:00. The
through different activities including
(with a key focus on grades 4–12) are
centre is open to everyone – no matter
National Science Week, Learner Workshops,
invited to the centre,” she says, and adds
your age – and entry is free.
Astro-Quiz Competitions and Outreach
that the aim is to stimulate curiosity
Programmes. The National Science Week
among learners and hopefully make them
programme took place in August this
gain an interest in the sciences.
year and included the manufacturing of creative experiments. As part of the
Apart from that, Friesling says that
week’s exciting programme, the university’s
their outreach programmes afford them
postgraduate chemistry students presented
the opportunity to perform fascinating
a chemistry show at the Mooirivier Mall in
sciences shows. “Our centre provides a
Potchefstroom on 4 August and sparked a
dynamic environment for growth and high
lot of interest from passersby!
school learners benefit greatly from the
Photographer: Omphemetse Rathabe
36
Science Stars Magazine Women in Science Issue | www.sciencestars.co.za
Cut out and place on your wall for easy reference
DRAFTFCB CAPE TOWN 10003863CT/E
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY REQUEST FOR PUBLIC COMMENTS ON THE DRAFT WHITE PAPER ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION With Cabinet approval, the Minister of Science and Technology, Ms Mmamoloko KubayiNgubane, has released the draft White Paper on Science, Technology and Innovation for public comment. The document is available at www.dst.gov.za and www.gcis.gov.za. Stakeholders and members of the public are requested to submit their comments to the Department of Science and Technology by 19 October 2018. Input may be – emailed to whitepaper@dst.gov.za; posted to White Paper, Department of Science and Technology, Private Bag X894, Pretoria, 0001; or hand delivered to the Department at Building 53, Scientia (CSIR) Campus, Meiring Naudé Road, Brummeria, Pretoria. Enquiries can be directed to – Ms Urszula Rust at urszula.rust@dst.gov.za; or Ms Nthabiseng Msomi at 012 843 6720 or nthabiseng.msomi@dst.gov.za.