November 2010 Phytopathology News

Phytopathology

News

November 2010 • Volume 44 • Number 10

Exchange • Inform • Connect

Calling All Graduate Student Groups!

Does your university have a graduate student plant pathology group? Are you interested in learning what plant pathology groups at other universities are doing? Please send information regarding your group, including the university, group name, chair/president, e-mail, website, and other comments to APS Headquarters at apsinfo@scisoc.org. Your information will be included in a new directory of graduate student groups, allowing you to make useful connections around the world. n

Catching Up with Technology! Are You Reading This Online?

The stats are in and nearly 65% of you read Phytopathology News online. By making the switch to the digital issue, you save the society printing and mailing costs, you are being green (think of the trees!), and you are making your life a little bit easier. All web addresses and e-mails are hyperlinked; no need to find a paper and pen, just “click” to read more about a meeting, e-mail a letter to the editor, or learn more about a job posted in the classifieds section. By reading the digital issue, you can flip page by page with our new, tech-savvy reader tool. You can also search the entire newsletter by keyword, and the digital issue comes in full color. Each month, the new issue is delivered straight to your e-mail box, so you get it even sooner than our print subscribers. What are you waiting for? E-mail APS Headquarters at aps@scisoc.org to make the switch today! n

In this Issue Editor’s Corner ................................... 154 Letter to the Editor ............................. 156 Public Policy Update . ......................... 157 Meetings ............................................. 158 APS Foundation ................................. 160 People ................................................ 163 Classifieds ........................................... 165 Journal Articles ................................... 167 Calendar of Events . ............................ 168

APS Division Awardee Presentations Now Featured on APSnet The research of several up-and-coming early-career division members was evaluated, and out of a talented pool of submissions, the best papers were chosen.

The winning members’ papers were awarded at their respective division’s annual meeting, and the awardees were then encouraged to make a webcast presentation of their winning papers.

These presentations—highlighting top-notch earlycareer research—will be archived on APSnet (and will also be searchable). You can now view presentations from the Southern (Moytri Roy-Chowdhury), Caribbean (Mónica Guzman), Northeastern (Joseph A. Roberts), and North Central (Andrew Friskop) Divisions of APS. Congratulations to the 2010 awardees! Be sure to check out APSnet, Phytopathology News, and News Capsules for future announcements as new presentations are posted on APSnet. n

New Efrat Gamliel-Atinsky Student Travel Award Established

Efrat Gamliel-Atinsky

The APS Foundation is pleased to announce the establishment of the Efrat Gamliel-Atinsky Student Travel Award. APS member Harald Scherm developed this award, along with friends, family, and colleagues from the University of Georgia (UG) and from Israel, in honor of his postdoctoral student, Efrat Gamliel-Atinsky, who was tragically killed in an automobile accident in southern Israel in March 2010 after another vehicle crossed the center line and struck her car. This travel award will be bestowed in her memory to an outstanding student pursuing research in the broad areas of epidemiology, pathogen ecology, and population biology who wishes to present their research at the APS Annual Meeting.

Here is a brief biographical sketch describing her plant pathology experiences.

Gamliel-Atinsky (1970–2010) was born in Nes-Ziona, Israel, on January 28, 1970. She earned both a B.Sc.Agr. degree in plant protection and environmental studies (1996) and an M.Sc. degree in plant protection sciences (1999) from the Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, faculty of agricultural, food, and environmental quality sciences, at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Her M.Sc. degree research, conducted under the supervision of Dani Shtienberg and Amos Dinoor at the Volcani Center, was focused on developing a model to predict the timing of maturation and dissemination of ascospores of Didymella rabiei to optimize the management of Ascochyta blight in Israel. As part of her thesis work, she also determined the prevalence of the two mating types and the aggressiveness of the pathogen population in Israel and examined the influence of fungicide application timing to suppress the disease. Upon graduation, GamlielAtinsky joined the Hebrew University Botanical Gardens as the curator of the Asian plant collection and as an instructor of plant protection courses for professional horticulture students.

Efrat Gamliel-Atinsky Travel Award continued on page 155

Phytopathology November 2010 • Volume 44 • Number 10

Editor’s Corner News

Exchange • Inform • Connect

Editor-in-Chief: Doug Jardine Managing Editor: Michelle Bjerkness Editor: Amanda Aranowski Design: Agnes Walker Advertising Sales: Karen Deuschle

Lost in Translation Doug Jardine, Kansas State University, PhytoNewsEditor@scisoc.org

Phytopathology News (ISSN 0278-0267) is published eleven times per year by The American Phytopathological Society (APS) at 3340 Pilot Knob Road, St. Paul, MN 55121 U.S.A. Phone: +1.651.454.7250, Fax: +1.651.454.0766, E-mail: aps@scisoc.org, Web: www.apsnet.org. Phytopathology News is distributed to all APS members. Subscription price to nonmembers is $69 U.S./$81 Elsewhere. Periodicals paid at St. Paul, MN. CPC Intl Pub Mail #0969249. Postmaster: Send address changes to Phytopathology News, 3340 Pilot Knob Road, St. Paul, MN 55121 U.S.A. Submission Guidelines Address all editorial correspondence to: Doug Jardine, Department of Plant Pathology, 4024 Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502 U.S.A. Phone: +1.785.532.1386; Fax: +1.785.532.5692; E-mail: PhytoNewsEditor@scisoc.org.

In order to ensure timely publication of your news items and announcements, please send in material six weeks prior to the date of publication. Material should be no more than six months old when submitted. Submission of materials as electronic files, via e-mail, will speed processing. For information on submitting electronic images contact Agnes Walker at awalker@scisoc.org. Deadline for submitting items for the December 2010 issue is November 15, 2010.

APS Leadership Council President: John L. Sherwood President-Elect: Carol A. Ishimaru Vice President: Michael J. Boehm Immediate Past President: Barbara J. Christ Internal Communications Officer: Danise T. Beadle Internal Communications Officer-Elect: David M. Gadoury Treasurer: Randall C. Rowe Senior Councilor-at-Large: Carolee T. Bull Intermediate Councilor-at-Large: Anne E. Dorrance Junior Councilor-at-Large: Walter F. Mahaffee Divisional Councilor: David G. Schmale III Publications Councilor: Anthony P. Keinath Executive Vice President: Steven C. Nelson Editors-in-Chief APS PRESS: Margery L. Daughtrey MPMI: Gary Stacey Phytopathology: Niklaus J. GrÜnwald Phytopathology News: Doug Jardine Plant Disease: R. Mike Davis Plant Disease Management Reports: Frank Wong Plant Health Progress: Ned A. Tisserat The Plant Health Instructor: Anton B. Baudoin Board and Office Chairs and Directors APS Foundation Chair: Ray Martyn Divisional Forum Chair: George W. Sundin PPB Chair: Jan Leach Publications Board Chair: Anthony Keinath OEC Director: Darin M. Eastburn OIP Director: Sally A. Miller OIR Director: Brian D. Olson OPRO Director: Monica Elliott AMB Director: Scott T. Adkins AXMB Director: Gary Bergstrom Division Officers Caribbean Councilor/Divisional Forum Rep.: Maria Mercedes Roca President: Lydia Rivera-Vargas Vice President: TBA Secretary-Treasurer: Ronald French-Monar North Central Councilor/Divisional Forum Rep.: George W. Sundin President: Deanna Funnell-Harris Vice President: TBA Secretary-Treasurer: Loren Giesler Northeastern Councilor/Divisional Forum Rep.: Wade Elmer President: Norman Lalancette Vice President: Russell Tweddell Secretary-Treasurer: Beth Gugino Pacific Councilor/Divisional Forum Rep.: Jim Adaskaveg President: Jay Pscheidt President-Elect: Debra Inglis Secretary-Treasurer: Juliet Windes Potomac Councilor/Divisional Forum Rep.: Kathryne Everts President: Mary Ann Hansen Vice President: Boris Vinatzer Secretary-Treasurer: Yilmaz Balci Southern Councilor/Divisional Forum Rep.: Timothy B. Brenneman President: Boyd Padgett President-Elect: David Langston Vice President: Raymond Schneider Secretary-Treasurer: Donald Ferrin

154 Phytopathology News

Doug Jardine

Many recent articles in both the popular and scientific press address the growing distance between the consumer and the agricultural industry that puts the food in the grocery store and ultimately on their table. I would estimate that the majority of Americans under the age of 40 have never spent any significant amount of time on a farm or ranch (the half-day, fourth-grade field trip to a local orchard or dairy farm doesn’t count).

A great example of this disconnect occurred recently when, on a field trip with plant pathology graduate students, we stopped at a local farm implement dealership. The students were amazed and impressed at the size and scope of the equipment needed by the modern farmer to produce their crop. At $240,000 each for a combine and spray coupe, I jokingly asked them how many I should order for the department.

This disconnect not only takes place between the farmer/rancher and the consumer; it also occurs between the scientist and the general public. As plant pathologists and other biological scientists have trended away from applied field research to more basic, molecular research, we have developed a language that is incomprehensible to the average nonbiologist. I put forth as examples, virusinduced gene silencing (VIGS), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), RNA interference (RNAi), transfer DNA (T-DNA), and quantitative trait locus (QTL). These are terms that certainly my relatives would not comprehend. While they may recognize the acronyms DNA and RNA, I doubt most could tell me what they are shorthand for.

So, what is the solution to the problem? Well, for one, we all need to be better communicators. At Kansas State University for instance, graduate students give “chalk talks” each semester. For those unfamiliar with the concept, they make a summary of their current research on a few flip-chart pages. Then, as faculty or other students stop by, they have five to 10 minutes to explain their research and answer questions. On occasion, I challenge students to explain their research to me as if I was their grandfather who only had a high school education. Most struggle at best. The lexicon has become so ingrained in them that they have difficulty using an analogy or nonscientific terms in their explanation.

As an extension specialist, it is my job to transfer research results and technology innovations from the university to the public in a way they can understand and use it. To date, one of the most significant accolades I ever received came from an elderly Smith County, KS, farmer who came up to me after a presentation and said, “Thank you, Dr. Jardine. I really enjoyed your presentation. You explained it to me in a way that I could understand it.”

Making it easy to understand is what it’s all about. That’s what made the famed astronomer Carl Sagan so popular with the public. In his book, Cosmos, he took the very complicated sciences of astronomy and physics and explained them in a way that the average person could understand. As plant pathologists, we should have the same goal: Can we explain it so that they can understand it?

Are you up to the challenge? n

Renew Your APS Membership Online An increasing number of APS members are finding out how easy it is to renew online. About a month before your paper renewal invoice is sent, you will receive an e-mail with a link to your personal renewal form. This link will take you to APSnet to safely and securely renew your APS membership online. You can also make changes to your address and area of expertise while you renew to ensure the membership directory is up to date.

In an effort to help you continue your membership, dues for 2011 will remain the same as they have for the past two years. In addition, when you complete your renewal, you will be asked if you would like to renew for one, two, or three years. By renewing for extra years, you save yourself time in the future, and lock in the 2011 prices for membership and journals for the duration of your membership term. n

Efrat Gamliel-Atinsky Travel Award continued from page 153

She subsequently worked for the Israeli Ministry of Agriculture as the chief inspector and export coordinator in charge of international export agreements at the Plant Protection and Inspections Services and for Good Water Neighbors—Friends of the Earth Middle East as a coordinator for a regional water project involving cross-border communities sharing a common water source, promoting environmental awareness and peace-building.

In 2003, Gamliel-Atinsky returned to the Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology at the Hebrew University, entering the Ph.D. program in plant protection sciences under the direction of Stanley Freeman, Abraham Sztejnberg, and Eric Palevsky. She took on the challenging topic of elucidating the epidemiology of Fusarium mangiferae, specifically the interaction between the pathogen and the mango bud mite Aceria mangiferae in the epidemiology of mango malformation disease, a topic that had been researched for more than 130 years previously without much insight. In her dissertation research, the role of the bud mite in carrying conidia of F. mangiferae, vectoring them into potential infection sites, and assisting fungal infection and dissemination was clarified. Following the mite’s exposure to a green fluorescent protein-marked isolate of the pathogen, conidia were found in bud bracts only when both mites and conidia were co-inoculated on the plant, demonstrating that the mite vectored the conidia into the apical bud. No windborne bud mites bearing conidia were found, but large numbers of windborne conidia were detected in spore collectors. Collectively, these results showed that A. mangiferae can carry and vector the pathogen to the apical bud and assist in fungal penetration, but the mite does not appear to play a role in the aerial dissemination of conidia.

While completing her dissertation, Gamliel-Atinsky was awarded a prestigious Vaadia-Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, U.S.-Israel (BARD) fellowship to work with Scherm in the Department of Plant Pathology at UG. Her post-doctoral research, which was initiated in spring 2009, focused on the epidemiology and vector relations of bacterial leaf scorch, a novel disease of blueberry in the southeastern United States caused by Xylella fastidiosa. She worked to develop and validate a qPCR-based assay for monitoring populations of the pathogen, with the goal of applying this assay to blueberry leaf and stem samples to quantify the temporal dynamics of disease development in the field. She collaborated closely with entomologists studying leafhopper vector relations and extension scientists seeking to develop management options against bacterial leaf scorch.

Her broad-based expertise in plant disease epidemiology and her amazing willingness to help others were admired by all who worked with and knew her. Her incredible energy and positive outlook charged the enthusiasm of graduate students, staff, and faculty alike. n

Welcome New Sustaining Associate Members American Peat Technology and PhytoTechnology Laboratories The American Phytopathological Society (APS) would like to welcome its newest Sustaining Associate Members American Peat Technology and PhytoTechnology Laboratories.

PhytoTechnology Laboratories is an international supplier of biochemicals, reagents, equipment, and media for use in plant tissue culture, phytopathology, and plant molecular biology research. Delivering high-quality, research-grade products; expert technical assistance; and ISO 9001 certified since 1998, PhytoTechnology Laboratories is the premier source for all your plant science needs. Visit our website at www.phytotechlab.com for more information or to place orders.

American Peat Technology is a leader in the identification of peat-based products that are beneficial to the environment, including BioAPT, a microbe carrier made from high-quality reed sedge peat. American Peat Technology LLC is the leading supplier to the Rhizobia seed inoculant industry, which has been successfully using peat to carry their fragile Gram-negative bacteria to market for years. BioAPT is proven in the Rhizobia seed inoculant industry, has exceptional moisture and nutrient retention and superior shelf life, is pH neutral, easy to handle, and available in powder form.

Sustaining Associate Members are industry organizations that help support the mission of APS. As a Sustaining Associate Member, companies receive special recognition opportunities along with significant discounts. Visit APSnet to see if your company is a Sustaining Associate Member. n

APSnet Member Directory in the Limelight APS members are connected by their passion for plant pathology, dedication to the field of plant science, and membership in the largest community of plant health scientists. Now, we’ve made it easier than ever before for you to find these members! The new, enhanced member directory will allow users to search the APS member directory by a first or last name keyword search. The new advanced search contains even more options, allowing you to refine your search even further. You can now search by commodity, state or postal code, and area of expertise. All site users will also be able to perform this search, but their search will simply retrieve a name. When logged in, APS members will be given the member’s full contact information, member type, commodity specialization, and principal area of expertise, as well as their affiliation within the organization, such as any committee involvement.

Furthermore, now online are also related society contacts, plant pathology resources, plant pathology experts, and APS Headquarters staff contacts. Looking for a member or an extension specialist in a specific area of study? Visit www. apsnet.org/members/directories. n

If You Like Clever Posters About Plant Pathology…

You’re probably a plant plathologist, and you should download your own! The “You’re Probably a Plant Pathologist” posters that were popular at the annual meeting are now available on APSnet at www.apsnet.org/members/Pages/ You’reProbablyAPlantPathologist.aspx. Each month, download a new “You’re Probably a Plant Pathologist” poster. The September poster was “If you’re friends refuse to eat salad with you…,” and October featured “If you ever googled ‘smut.’” Watch for notices of new posters in the APS News Capsules and on the APSnet homepage, and be sure to share these posters (and your passion) with your colleagues and friends! Want to share what unique traits and behaviors make you a plant pathologist?

Post it on the APS Facebook page and you could have a poster of your own. n Phytopathology News 155

Letter to the Editor The Origin of the Green Revolution Albert L. Scharen, Research Professor Emeritus, Montana State University, uplas@montana.edu The obituaries and accolades have been many in the recent time since the death of Norman E. Borlaug. Many or most of the accolades have been deserved and true. But, some few have been excessive and have given credit where it was more responsibly due to others.

Where was the beginning of the so-called “Green Revolution,” and who were the people responsible?

It all began in November 1940, when Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) was elected president of the United States for an unprecedented third term, and Henry A. Wallace was elected as vice president. Wallace was an Iowa farm boy, a farm-publication editor, founder of the Pioneer Seed Company, and the secretary of agriculture in Roosevelt’s second term. After the election, Wallace had nothing to do until the inauguration, so he decided to take a trip to Mexico. FDR asked him to represent our government at the inauguration of the new Mexican president, so Wallace drove himself in his family Plymouth car south through Mexico from Texas, visiting with farmers along the way. After the inauguration, he spent time in the vicinity of Mexico City, where he found very primitive methods and technologies among the farmers and vowed to try to help them when he returned to the United States.

When he was back in Washington, Wallace contacted the Rockefeller Foundation and suggested that Rockefeller could do much good by establishing an agricultural research group/ station in Mexico. Eventually, they did that, and with the help of E. C. Stakman, recruited a young graduate, Borlaug, who was working for DuPont, to move to Mexico and establish the experiment station.

By 1945, the experiment station in Mexico had been established and some progress had been made in improving Mexican wheats, but no great breakthroughs were yet on the horizon. Meanwhile, in Japan, the agricultural adviser to the American occupation army,

156 Phytopathology News

and an on-leave member of the USDA ARS, S. C. Salmon, visited a research station of the Japanese government and there observed some wheats of great interest. These wheats had been bred to grow under irrigation and with high fertilization, and to withstand such treatment, were selected to have short, strong straw and huge heads for high grain yields. They also made an unusually large number of tillers (individual stems with heads) per plant. Salmon asked for and was given a group of seeds from these wheats by the Japanese agricultural scientists.

They were labeled by their Japanese numbers in the Norin series (Norin being the Japanese acronym for the national experiment station).

In 1946, Salmon returned to the United States, bringing the wheat seeds with him and distributed them to several wheat breeders in the United States, including his colleague at Washington State University (WSU), Orville Vogel, who also was an employee of USDA ARS, located at WSU. Vogel, an agronomist/ plant breeder, already had an ongoing program developing short-strawed, high-yielding wheats for the Palouse area of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. In 1949, Vogel made crosses with the Japanese wheats, including Norin 10 × Brevor. According to J. H. Perkins in his book Geopolitics and the Green Revolution: Wheat, Genes, and the Cold War (1997, Oxford University Press, Oxford; page 222), “About 100 seeds of Norin 10 were sent to Vogel by Burton B. Bayles and Salmon, arriving in Pullman, WA, in time for planting in spring 1948. When no heads were visible by mid-July, Vogel knew he had winter habit seeds. In fall 1948, Vogel had a graduate student make crosses between Norin 10 and Brevor. In the F2, Vogel searched for dwarfs that were male fertile, since Norin 10 tended to be male sterile. Varietal tests of the selections in 1954 were 65 cm tall and yielded 56.5 bu/a.

Vogel was the first breeder in North America to use the semi-dwarf Japanese wheats extensively (L. P. Reitz and S. C. Salmon, 1968, Origin,

history and use of Norin 10 wheat, Crop Sci. 8:686-689). From the crosses Norin 10 × Brevor and Norin 10 × Baart, the variety Gaines was developed and released in 1961. From the same parentage, another selection named Nugaines was released in 1965. In the Pacific Northwest region of the United States more than one million hectares of land were devoted to these two cultivars in 1967–1968 (Reitz and Salmon, 1968). An individual farmer obtained 209 bu/ ac with Gaines in 1968 (L. P. Reitz, 1970, New wheats and social progress, Science 169:952955), at that time a world record yield.

In 1953, Borlaug was at an impasse with his program in Mexico. He had been unable to obtain substantial yield increases thus far with the improved, rust-resistant Mexican wheats.

The rust resistance Borlaug achieved was obtained by using genes from lines that had been accumulated in 40 years of the USDA’s International Rust Nursery (Reitz, 1970). On a visit with Vogel in Pullman, Borlaug was shown the crosses of Norin 10 × Brevor in Vogel’s plots. Vogel willingly shared seeds of these lines with Borlaug, who took them back to Mexico and immediately incorporated them into his breeding program. According to Reitz (1970), “The crosses he (Borlaug) made the next year mark the beginning of the now famous Mexican wheat varieties.” From the progeny of these crosses were selected the soon-to-be-famous semi-dwarf, many-tillered, high-yielding (when heavily fertilized and irrigated), rust-resistant wheats of the green revolution.

Reitz said it well in his 1970 article in Science, “There were no heros: too many scientists and government officials were involved, all of whom were contributors.” But, without Norin 10 and its Japanese developers—without Salmon— without Orville Vogel, there would have been no green revolution. I think Salmon and Vogel deserve credit along with Norm Borlaug. n

Avoiding the Unintended Consequences of Federal Policy Stephen Vasquez, University of California Cooperative Extension, sjvasquez@ucdavis.edu I have regularly volunteered my time with APS since becoming a professional member. Volunteering, I have found, has enhanced my APS membership and annual meeting experience. Serving on the Extension, Early Career, and Placement Committees has given me an opportunity to meet and work with people who I would not normally interact with at my current position. Each year, I look forward to reconnecting with colleagues and committee members to catch up and evaluate projects that were started 12 months earlier. However, this past year I had a different APS experience sitting on the APS Public Policy Board (PPB) as their early career intern. The one-year internship allows an early-career member to engage with senior members on issues affecting Stephen Vasquez agriculture and important to APS. For the past year, I worked with board members on three important initiatives that included a trip to Washington, DC, to share information with top USDA and EPA officials.

Photo courtesy Hawaii Tourism/Tor Johnson

Public Policy Update

Do you want the top plant pathologists in the world to see what you’re working on?

PPB is an efficient, fast-paced, results-oriented board that focuses on three principal issues each year. This past year, the key initiatives PPB focused on were culture collections, education, and food safety. The board’s primary goal is to minimize the unintended consequences of government policies. Perhaps well-intentioned, federal policy can and does affect agriculture and research related to the industry in negative ways. The value of the PPB is that it “provides scientific input on public policy issues to the society’s officers, federal policy makers, and agency personnel…” with positive results. Meeting with federal officials the past 10 years, PPB’s success can be measured by seeing increased monies as line items in the 2011 federal budget focused on the initiatives—a testament to the many arduous volunteer hours that have been committed to PPB over the years, including the past three PPB interns.

Show us your research at the 2011 APS-IPPC Joint Meeting!

The American Phytopathological Society (APS) and the International Association for the Plant Protection Sciences (IAPPS) are joining forces August 6–10 in Honolulu for the 2011 APS-IPPC Joint Meeting.

My goal when joining PPB was twofold: first, I wanted to gain perspective on how science policy is developed at the federal level and observe its impact on the nation’s agricultural industry. This past year’s service on PPB has been an invaluable experience and has helped me to work with policy makers in my home state. Upon my return from Washington, DC, my colleagues and I worked diligently on reorganizing information on issues that we have been working on for the past two years, and presented it in a similar fashion with success. An important component of my success can be attributed to spending time with the board members. The monthly phone calls, annual meetings, and the trip to Washington, DC, allowed for one-on-one discussions with senior colleagues, who helped pair the initiatives to important personnel at the USDA or EPA. Equally important was the chance to talk with APS’s Washington, DC, liaison, Kellye Eversole, who regularly updates and guides PPB on agricultural issues.

My interest in participating on PPB was to learn about public policy at the national level and its impact on the nation’s agricultural industry. This past year, my experience on PPB far exceeded my expectations. I would strongly encourage early-career professionals interested or actively participating in public policy to apply for the PPB early-career internship. You will not be disappointed!

Call for Papers Submissions will be accepted online February 1–March 15, 2011

#8525-10/2010

Second, I wanted to contribute to PPB. Not having research directly related to its initiatives allowed me to learn more about each initiative and PPB’s primary goals and gain an appreciation for the incredible job that PPB does in presenting information to federal agencies. Despite not having research directly related to the initiatives, I was able to highlight the role that cooperative extension could and does play as a liaison to the nation’s farmers. Using food safety as an example, I was able to share with USDA officials how my California colleagues have been able to identify sources in the food chain that might have contributed to the E. coli outbreak in spinach. However, I think that my greatest contribution was my suggestion to increase the number of interns on the board and the time that they served. Starting in August 2010, two interns began serving two-year terms that overlap, allowing PPB interns to work on a project that could take multiple years to complete. This enhanced internship will allow for more interaction with senior PPB members and the Washington, DC, liaison and will allow them to hone their skills in public policy.

2011 Call for Papers

Visit

www.apsnet.org/meet for more information.

Interested in serving as the next PPB intern? Application information will be published in a future issue of Phytopathology News. n Phytopathology News 157

Workshop on Rapid Diagnostic Tools for Phytophthora Held, The Latin American Phytophthora Diagnostic Network Created A workshop on the “Deployment of rapid diagnostic tools for Phytophthora on agricultural crops in Central America” was held June 28 to July 2. This is a joint initiative of North Carolina State University, the University of Costa Rica, Plant Research International, Wageningen, and the Honduran Foundation for Research.

The development of the course was made possible through funding from the Partnership Program for Support and Research in Horticulture (Hort CRSP) coordinated by the University of CaliforniaDavis and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID).

The course brought together 24 plant pathologists from government agencies, private companies, and public and private universities in nine countries in Central and South America and Mexico.

Instructors included Jean Ristaino, Monica Blanco, Luis Gomes, Kelly Ivors, and Peter Bonants.

Materials were also provided by Barbara Shew, Carrie Harmon of the Southern Plant Diagnostic Network at the University of Florida, and Francisco Avila from AgDia. During the week, participants learned a number of “rapid” technologies to analyze and identifiy species of Phytophthora using morphological and molecular methods.

In addition, the workshop participants are now part of a diagnostic network in the region, The Latin American Phytophthora Diagnostic Network, to improve connections between the laboratories of Central America, Mexico, and the United States. For further information, join us on Facebook by searching for Latin American Phytophthora Diagnostic Network. Contact Blanco (monicablmn@ gmail.com) (Spanish) or Ristaino (jean_ristaino@ncsu.edu) (English) for further details. n

The 2010–2011 APS University Recruitment Challenge—Share APS and Win! APS is asking its university members to help share the value of membership this year and wants to make it a little interesting for your university. Every member counts, including graduate and undergraduate students, post-docs, and professional members, and each member that joins or renews during the 2010–2011 academic year puts its university in the running for the APS University Recruitment Challenge.

We evened the playing field. Since department sizes range in each university, the contest will compare universities on the percentage of new members they gain. Standings will be sent periodically throughout the year. This gives all members the opportunity to share APS with others in an easy way that can ultimately benefit the university. The second-place university will receive an award of $250 for travel to the annual meeting, and the overall winner will receive an award of $500 for travel to help your university attend the annual meeting!

There are many easy ways to share the value of APS. Tell others why you joined and what you get out of your membership. Share your experience at the annual meeting with them, or show them the research available in the journals. Have them visit the new APSnet, or encourage them to connect with APS on Facebook, Twitter, or LinkedIn. Introduce your interns to the society. Request that brochures be sent to your university at apsinfo@scisoc.org. If you know a lapsed member, tell them to renew their membership.

This year, every member really does count. The challenge has already started. Share APS and win! n 158 Phytopathology News

Meetings Nucleic Acid-Based Pathogen Detection Workshop Offered A hands-on workshop for applied plant pathologists on nucleic acid-based pathogen detection will be held at the University of Kentucky in Lexington. The workshop will begin on Tuesday, January 25, 2011, with introductory lectures and lab activities suited for those with little PCR experience. All participants—beginners and experienced alike—will attend from Wednesday morning, January 26, through mid-day Friday, January 28, 2011, during which, participants will design, execute, and interpret three realtime PCR experiments (SYBR Green and Taqman assays, including an assay for pathogen quantitation). Presentations and discussions will include theory of real-time PCR, experimental controls, PCR inhibition, use of PCR kits, verifying amplicon identity, licensing, pathogen quantitation, arrays, minimizing contamination, troubleshooting, sequencing (direct vs. cloning), selecting fluorophores, and primer design. In-depth activities and discussions will be included on interpreting BLAST searches and the use of curated biotechnology databases. Registration will be $250 and $300 for Wednesday to Friday and Tuesday to Friday, respectively. For more information, contact Paul Vincelli (pvincell@ uky.edu). n

IPM Training Opportunities The IPM3 Training Consortium launched its training platform in November 2009 with the IPM Core Concepts Training Module. The IPM3 Training Consortium is made up of IPM practitioners from land-grant institutions and federal agencies that are under a mandate to implement IPM. The University of Minnesota is the lead institution.

The consortium’s mission is to provide practical information that helps individuals, agencies, and organizations utilize IPM principles in their day-to-day pest management decisions.

Target audiences include federal agencies as well as state/local government officials tasked with IPM, extension educators, master gardeners, 4-H staff, crop consultants, pest management professionals, facility managers and supervisors, and a wide array of green industry professionals—in fact, anyone who has an interest in becoming proficient in IPM implementation.

IPM3 training is designed to reflect practical, real-world content—theoretical and academic content are only included to the extent that they are needed to understand the practical training. Modules are the fundamental element of IPM3 training and range from five to 15 hours of student contact time. Continuing education units (CEUs) are awarded at the rate of 1.0 CEU for each 10 hours of module content. Lessons use multiple media learning techniques that variously include text, videos, still photos, and case studies. Assessments occur at the conclusion of each lesson—a grade of 80% is required for successful completion. All modules and courses are delivered online and asynchronously. Each module is given a specific start and end date. This allows each student to progress at their own pace within the prescribed instructional period. Typically, the end date will be six weeks from the course start date.

IPM3 is always open to new ideas for modules that will be developed as demand and interest dictates. E-mail the consortium with ideas at ipm3@umn.edu. IPM3 can provide modest support for content development and shares instructional tuition with the course instructor.

Current modules include IPM core concepts, invasive species, biology of arthropods, biology of plant pathogens, biology of weeds, and IPM for facility managers and supervisors. Visit www.umn.edu/ipm3 for details and course/ registration information. n

Highlights from the Recent APS Council Strategy Session Available on APSnet

A Fresh Approach to APS Elections Jim MacDonald, APS Nominations Committee Chair, jdmacdonald@ucdavis.edu A little-known result of the governance changes approved by APS members last spring is that the society’s Councilors’ Forum no longer oversees the officer nomination process. Instead, that responsibility has been vested in a newly established Nominations Committee. Initially set up as an ad hoc committee, appointed and charged by Barb Christ late last spring, the intention is that it ultimately will become a standing committee of APS. Members of the new committee include Carolee Bull, Amy Charkowski, David Gent, Rubella Goswami, Jim MacDonald (chair), Thomas Mitchell, Gary Munkvold, Brian Olson, and John Rupe.

Jim MacDonald

While one might be inclined to regard this as business as usual, with just a somewhat different group charged with oversight of the nominations for vice president-elect (VPE) and councilor-at-large (CAL), hold on! In the words of George and Ira Gershwin, “It ain’t necessarily so.” Our committee’s charge is to promote volunteerism within APS and ensure that the society’s elected and appointed positions are filled by qualified, committed individuals who reflect the diversity within our society. I’m sure many of you have seen the articles penned by Bull over the past year under the umbrella title “A Revolutionary’s Guide to Taking Over APS.” The job of our committee is to make sure the doors are open wide.

Where Do We Start?

Our committee’s first and most time-sensitive task is to identify candidates for the VPE and CAL positions, since candidates need to be announced and elections commenced in March/April. Even so, the process will be somewhat different than in past years, as described in the following sections.

Nominations Now Open People may either self-nominate or they may be nominated by others. For the positions of VPE and CAL, we are seeking individuals who are respected in the field of plant pathology; possess leadership experiences in APS and a record of follow-through and results in various APS activities; have a vision for the society; and are good mentors of others. Please consider these attributes in making nominations. When making nominations, do not assume that international members, industry members, or members in any other demographic segments of APS will not be seriously considered.

They will be! Watch for your unique nomination e-mail, which will be sent the week of November 15, for submitting your nominations. Nominations need to be received by December 15, 2010.

Application Process Nominees who meet the basic nomination criteria (above) will be approached to submit an application. This might sound a bit intimidating, but it is not all that different from past practice.

Previously, nominees were contacted to determine if they would be willing to stand for election. If they accepted, then they ultimately were asked to submit a bio and vision statement for publication in Phytopathology News. We’re just turning the process around a little bit, asking for the bio earlier in the process to save some time and build a talent pool for the future. The CVs and vision statements of nominees will need to be received by February 1, 2011.

What Do You Do Now? Nominate individuals who would make good leaders for APS. Our committee will be providing additional information about the responsibilities of the VPE and CAL and more on the election process over the coming weeks. We will use a variety of outlets to communicate with members and build a strong slate of candidates. We need your help. n

APS Council recently gathered September 13–15 to begin the process of focusing on societal initiatives and opportunities utilizing its new governance structure. Included in their discussion were education opportunities, societal collaborations, income diversification, journal open access, the divisional forum, and more. A summary of their recent meeting is now online at www.apsnet.org/about/governance/ Pages/StratSessionUpdate0910.aspx. n

Member Expertise and Enthusiasm Needed This is your opportunity to nominate colleagues or indicate your own interest in service to APS as vice president or councilor at large. Watch for an e-mail with a unique nominations link in November to submit your nominations. Nominations are due December 15, 2011, and applications are due February 1, 2011. Contact APS Nominations Committee members with questions (www.apsnet.org/members/apsleadership/comm/Pages/nom.aspx).

As you consider potential nominees, select individuals with demonstrated leadership abilities who have a reputation for getting things done, work well with others, and have a vision for the future of APS. An ideal nominee would have a sound record of professional accomplishments and service, while representing the geographic, professional, and disciplinary diversity of our society.

Phytopathology News 159

APS Foundation Now Accepting Applications for the 2011 Raymond J. Tarleton Student Fellowship Applications are now being sought for the graduate student fellowship, established by Raymond J. Tarleton, past executive vice president of APS, with the assistance of The American Phytopathological Society (APS) Foundation. The award is to support graduate student plant pathology research and to encourage students to further their careers in plant pathology. The fellowship will be awarded in summer 2011 or the 2011–2012 academic school term.

Award The Tarleton Fellowship is awarded to a deserving graduate student majoring in plant pathology at a university in the United States.

The purpose is to support graduate education in plant pathology and can be used as a stipend for research expenses, books, research or scientific meeting travel, summer internships (e.g., industry, other research labs, etc.), and/or for equipment necessary to the recipient’s thesis research. The annual award is expected to be $1,500. The award can be made for either one or two years.

Applicant The applicant must be enrolled as a full-time, degree-seeking student with a plant pathology major and recognized as an APS student member at the time of receipt of the award.

The student should plan on presenting results from the research at a regional or national APS meeting and provide a brief article for publication in Phytopathology News about the value of the fellowship.

Application Applications shall consist of: • A completed application form, available at www.apsnet.org/members/foundation/apply/ Pages/RaymondTarleton.aspx • A cover letter, written by the student, describing her/his general academic and career goals along with a description of the intended use of the fellowship (250-word maximum) and why the funding is needed • A description of the applicant’s thesis research (three-page maximum, 12-point font) • A copy of the applicant’s academic transcript (unofficial copy is acceptable)

• Two letters of reference from plant pathologists familiar with the candidate’s scholarly accomplishment and potential Selection Criteria Competitive students must demonstrate: • An excellent academic background • A strong motivation and interest in plant pathology • A research program with strong scientific merit, appropriate for the time frame and level of expertise Deadline Applications will be evaluated by a member review team composed of APS Foundation Representative R. James Cook, Washington State University, as chair, and an additional two members. Send all required materials to Cook as outlined in this description via e-mail (rjcook@wsu.edu) by January 14, 2011.

Applicants will be notified of the award decision

by February 14, 2010. n

Call for Nominations for the 11th I. E. Melhus Graduate Student Symposium: “Today’s Students Making a Difference in the Field of Plant Disease Epidemiology” The APS Epidemiology Committee, in conjunction with financial support from the APS Foundation, is sponsoring the 11th I. E. Melhus Graduate Student Symposium, which will take place during the 2011 APS-IPPC Joint Meeting. The symposium, entitled “Today’s Students Making a Difference in the Field of Plant Disease Epidemiology,” will feature four to five graduate student presentations, with travel awards for each presenter of $600–$1,000, highlighting research that leads to a better understanding of plant disease epidemiology and management. All APS student members with thesis research projects related to plant disease epidemiology and disease management are encouraged to submit applications. To attract the best pool of applications from all APS student members (and potential student members), we are defining eligible research topics in the broadest possible sense. Topics may include (but are not limited to): quantification of temporal and/or spatial dynamics of plant disease epidemics, population genetics and durability of host resistance, quantification of the impacts of plant disease epidemics on yield and quality, development of new models and methods to assess disease risk, and management strategies 160 Phytopathology News

to limit the introduction and movement of threatening plant pathogens. Student presentations will be 30 minutes. Participants will be selected competitively, based on research significance and potential impact in the field of plant disease epidemiology.

Speakers will be chosen by an ad hoc selection committee chaired by Forrest W. Nutter, Jr. The selection committee is composed of members of the APS Epidemiology Committee and one external reviewer who is selected by the APS Foundation. Applicants must be currently enrolled as a graduate student or have completed their graduate program within 12 months of the 2011 APS-IPPC Joint Meeting. Applicants must also be members of APS at the time of the 2011 APS-IPPC Meeting in Hawaii. The deadline for applications is Monday, January 10, 2011.

Applications and letters of recommendation should be submitted to Forrest W. Nutter, Jr. via e-mail (fwn@iastate.edu) or via snail mail (351 Bessey Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010-1020 U.S.A.). If sending materials via e-mail, please contact Nutter if your application is not acknowledged within seven days.

Applications must contain: 1) A written description of the research project, stating the goals, methodology, results, and significance of the applicant’s thesis research.

Applications should not exceed five singlespaced pages (excluding tables and figures).

2) Two letters of nomination, one of which must be submitted by the applicant’s major professor. Letters of nomination must include evaluations of the applicant’s research and ability to present the research in a clear and effective manner.

3) Invited speakers will receive a financial award of $600–$1,000, to be applied toward the cost of travel. This award is funded primarily by the APS Foundation and the I. E. Melhus Graduate Student Symposium Fund.

Irving E. Melhus, a plant disease epidemiologist, was a renowned teacher, innovative researcher, and outstanding administrator at Iowa State College. Melhus served as president of APS in 1926 and was elected a fellow of APS in 1965. n

Plant Pathologists from Around the World Webcast on Bean pod Meet at the International Rice Blast Conference mottle virus Published in Focus on Soybean

Participants of the Fifth International Rice Blast Conference in Little Rock, AR, on August 12, 2010.

More than 150 plant pathologists from 20 countries met at the 5th International Rice Blast Conference (IRBC) held in Little Rock, AR, following this year’s APS Annual Meeting to discuss the latest research on rice blast disease, the pathogen, disease resistance, and disease management. The meeting was cohosted by Yulin Jia and Jim Correll from the USDA Dale Bumpers Rice Research Center near Stuttgart, AR, and the University of Arkansas (UA) Division of Agriculture, respectively.

Former President Bill Clinton wrote a welcome letter to the group emphasizing the importance of rice and rice blast disease control worldwide. Milo Schult, vice president of agriculture for the UA Agricultural Experiment Station and Jack Okamura, national program leader for USDA-ARS, also provided introductory remarks about the importance of rice and rice research in the United States.

Plant pathologist Bob Zeigler, the director general of the International Rice Research Center in the Philippines, gave the keynote address on the global importance of rice and rice blast disease followed by plenary talks from Ralph Dean, Jan Leach, Barbara Valent, and Yulin Jia. The meeting included 32 oral presentations and 75 poster presentations on rice blast disease.

In addition, a field day tour was held to examine rice production and diseases in and around the Stuttgart area, including visits to the UA Rice Research and Extension Center and the USDA Dale Bumpers Rice Research Center. Fleet Lee, Rick Cartwright, Anna McClung, and Chris Deren organized the field tour and center visits.

Arkansas continues to be the largest rice-producing state in the United States, and the two centers have more than 40 scientists focused on rice research.

An awards banquet was held at the conclusion of the meeting at the William J. Clinton Presidential Library.

Tom Mitchell chaired a student oral and poster competition with first place for the oral completion going to Xiaoying Zhou, Purdue University. The winners of the poster competition were Sook-Young Park, Seoul National University—first place; Moytri Roy Chowdhury, UA/USDA-ARS Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center—second place; and Wende Liu, Purdue University—third place.

In addition, three Career Achievement Awards were presented by Barbara Valent to Sally Leong, Tony Marchetti, and Francis Latterell. For information about the meeting, attendees, abstracts, and pictures, visit www.ars.usda.gov/irbc2010. n

Left to right: Cohosts Jim Correll and Yulin Jia and plenary speakers Ralph Dean, Barbara Valent, Bob Zeigler, and Jan Leach.

Rick Cartwright discussed rice blast disease during the rice field tour.

Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) is the topic of the latest presentation, by John Hill of Iowa State University, published in Focus on Soybean, the Plant Management Network’s (PMN’s) sciencebased resource developed to help soybean growers and consultants develop healthier, higher yielding crops.

This presentation is meant to familiarize students, researchers, and practitioners with the disease caused by BPMV of soybeans. Initially, the presentation focuses on the causal agent of the disease and then discusses the potential sources of the virus that result in disease. These factors include the association of virus with seed, the transmission of the virus by insects, and potential for weeds acting as reservoirs for the virus. Finally, the presentation discusses the diagnosis of the disease caused by the virus and options for disease management with an emphasis on control of the insect that transmits the disease and field tolerance to the virus. This presentation can be viewed at www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/edcenter/ seminars/BPMV. More than 30 other presentations can be viewed from the Focus on Soybean homepage, including soybean-specific topics, such as soybean white mold, foliar diseases of soybean in the south, and nematode management. View them all at www.plantmanagementnetwork. org/fos.

Focus on Soybean is a publication of PMN (www.plantmanagementnetwork.org), a nonprofit online publisher whose mission is to enhance the health, management, and production of agricultural and horticultural crops. It achieves this mission through its applied, science-based resources. PMN is jointly managed by APS, the American Society of Agronomy, and the Crop Science Society of America. Stay aware of PMN’s latest webcasts, research articles, and other content by subscribing to the monthly PMN update e-newsletter at www.plantmanagementnetwork. org/update/default.cfm. n Phytopathology News 161

Washington State University Faculty Gather for Research Exposition in June Plant pathology faculty at Washington State University from across the state gathered in Pullman, WA, for the biennial statewide faculty meeting and research exposition June 9–10. The Research Exposition—an informal social event designed around posters highlighting current research activities—gives everyone an opportunity to see the wide range of research projects underway throughout the state. More than 60 posters were presented; 24 were entered in the graduate student poster competition. The winners of the graduate student poster competition at the 2010 Statewide Plant Pathology Research Exposition were Kathleen McKeever, an M.S. student with Gary Chastagner, for “Characterization of infection of Douglas-fir tissues by the sudden oak death pathogen, Phytophthora ramorum” received first place; Sahar Eid, a Ph.D. student with Hanu Pappu, won second place for “Molecular analysis of the integration events of an endogenous plant pararetrovirus”; and special recognition for poster design went to Juliane Evans, an M.S. student with Tim Murray, for “Genetic variation in Cephalosporium gramnieum, cause of Celphalosporium stripe.” n Katy McKeever won first place. (Tobin Peever, right.)

Sahar Eid receives the second-place award from Tobin Peever.

Julie Evans received special recognition for her poster design.

Next Semester Is Right Around the Corner APS PRESS delivers first-rate resources for teaching the fundamentals of plant pathology and bacteriology.

#M8526-10/2010

www.shopapspress.org

162 Phytopathology News

Three Organizations Join the PMN Partners Program The Plant Management Network (PMN) is proud to announce that three new organizations, including one company and two nonprofits, have joined the growing list of partners supporting PMN’s mission: to enhance the health, management, and production of agricultural and horticultural crops.

Agro-K Corporation has been an industry leader in foliar plant nutrition and biological product development. The company has been a pioneer of sustainable agriculture and integrated pest management ever since it was founded in 1976. It is internationally recognized as the oldest and most experienced company in the development of biological alternatives for the horticultural, field crop, and livestock industries. Agro-K continually searches for better methods to improve production and quality while reducing costly and environmentally damaging inputs. Today, the company continues to conduct university and independent commercial trials around the world to discover new technologies, validate their efficacy, and contribute to the stewardship of our planet.

The mission of the IR-4 Project is to facilitate registration of sustainable pest management technology for specialty crops and minor uses. Since 1963, the IR-4 Project has been the primary resource in the United States for facilitating registration of conventional pesticides and biopesticides on specialty food crops and nonfood ornamental horticulture crops. IR-4 serves as an intermediary between the crop protection industry, specialty crop growers, and EPA. IR-4 activities benefit growers by allowing them to have effective pest management tools that enable them to produce high-quality food and ornamental horticulture crops. This in turn benefits the general public who have ample food and ornamental horticulture crops available at reasonable prices. IR-4’s newest initiative, the Public Health Pesticide Program, also benefits the general public by providing regulatory support for the development of pest control agents on arthropod pests that transmit diseases and threaten human health.

People Student Awards/Degrees The PAA has, as a paramount objective, the collection and dissemination of the best available technical and practical information relating to all aspects of potato production, biology, and utilization. The PAA serves as the official professional society for those involved in potato research, extension, production, and utilization. The association provides opportunities for members to contribute in one or more of seven sections: breeding and genetics, certification, extension, plant protection, physiology, production and management, and utilization and marketing.

PMN invites other companies, universities, and nonprofit organizations to join the PMN partners program. Please join now to support our not-for-profit mission and to benefit from becoming a part of the network. Your organization’s news, online resources, product information, and other useful solutions sought out by researchers and practitioners will be either indexed or added to PMN’s resources. This simultaneously promotes your organization’s information and further increases the utility of PMN’s resources, which were visited by more than 350,000 individuals in the past year alone.

To learn more about partnering, visit www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/partners, or contact partners@plantmanagementnetwork. org.

PDMR Accepting Submissions for Volume 5 (2011) As in the past, Plant Disease Management Reports (PDMR) will be published in two installments, allowing authors to submit reports twice a year. Submissions to the first installment are due to the editor-in-chief for assignment by December 6, 2010. Publication charges are $40 per report and are payable with submission of the final approved report by February 21, 2011.

The submission date for the second installment will be in late spring or early summer 2011. The exact date will be announced on the submission instructions webpage and in Phytopathology News. The submission form will be available November 10, 2010. Instructions for submission preparation and procedure can be found at www. scientificsocieties.org/aps/pdmr/guidelines. n

More than 40 undergraduate and high school students gained internship and work experience in the Department of Plant Pathology at The Ohio State University’s Columbus and Wooster campuses during the summer. Students spent at least 10 weeks working in faculty laboratories and had the opportunity to participate in campus tours and professional development workshops and present their research at forums.

The goal of the internships is to provide research experience and expose students to educational and career options in plant pathology.

Awards Gary Chastagner, professor of plant pathology at Washington State University’s Puyallup Research and Extension Center, was awarded the National Christmas Tree Association’s (NCTA’s) Outstanding Service Gary Chastagner Award at this year’s NCTA Conference in Winston-Salem, NC. Chastagner’s research and extension activities are in the areas of epidemiology and management of Phytophthora ramorum in nurseries, Christmas trees, and forests; the etiology, epidemiology, and management of ornamental bulb crop and Christmas tree diseases; and factors that affect the postharvest quality of Christmas trees.

Gary Grove, a professor in the Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University (WSU), and located at Prosser, WA, was awarded the Meritorious Service Award by Dan Bernardo, dean Gary Grove of the College of Agriculture, Human, and Natural Resource

Sciences at WSU. This award was given to Grove in recognition of his service while director of AgWeatherNet (AWN) from 2006 to 2010. In his four years as the director of AWN, Grove converted the hardware to commercially available equipment and expanded the network from 60 to 133 weather stations throughout the state of Washington. The stations provide realtime weather and forecast data and various pest models and disease forecasts. The AWN website receives 400,000 visits per month and uses “push” technologies to deliver weather and pest alerts to smartphones.

Grove, a native of Ohio, received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in botany from Ohio University, and in 1984 he received his Ph.D. degree in plant pathology from The Ohio State University. He held positions with Rohm and Haas in Fresno, CA, and the University of California-Davis before joining the faculty at WSU in 1986. He has statewide responsibilities for grapes, hops, and stone fruits and has a split appointment of extension, research, and teaching. Besides his exemplary service in his administrative role as the AWN director, Grove is a leader in the area of biology and epidemiology of powdery mildews and other diseases of fruit crops. He has received more than $3.5 million in competitive and noncompetitive funding. He has published 53 peer-reviewed papers, 41 extension bulletins, 33 web pages, eight educational videos, seven disease or pesticide databases, nine book chapters, 110 technical publications, and 13 popular press articles and has given more than 330 invited presentations. His extension and research activities have lead to a 73% decrease in fungicide use in Washington vineyards as well as a significant reduction in pesticide use on cherries.

Katelyn T. Willyerd, Pierce A. Paul, Peter Thomison, and Dennis Mills were awarded a Certificate of Excellence in the Agronomy Society of America Educational Materials Awards Program for The Ohio State University Extension fact sheet, “Gibberella Ear Rot and Mytotoxins in Corn: Sampling, Testing, and Storage.” The fact sheet was recognized for superior quality in educational materials and programs in the category of publications, less than 16 pages. Willyerd is a post-doctoral researcher, Paul is an assistant professor, Mills is an extension associate in the Department of Plant Pathology at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center in Wooster, and Thomison is a professor in the Department of Horticulture and Crop Science. The fact sheet is available online at http://ohioline.osu.edu/acfact/pdf/0052.pdf.

People continued on page 164 Phytopathology News 163

People continued from page 163

Since 1994, Dawn Dailey O’Brien and George Hudler have diligently produced Branching Out, an integrated pest management (IPM) newsletter used by arborists, landscapers, and growers and which, this year, won them an Excellence in IPM Award from the New York State IPM Program. Branching Out connects the research community with landscape professionals, supplying information to safely keep ornamental trees and shrubs from being ruined by insects or diseases. The newsletter not only helps arborists, landscapers, and growers to identify pests, but also predicts their arrival in locations across the state. To read the newsletter, go to http://branchingout.cornell. edu. They received their award at Cornell University at the New York State Arborist’s Fall Educational Seminar in Ithaca, NY, in September.

Kholoud Alananbeh has been hired to work on Verticillium wilt in sunflower. Alananbeh recently received her Ph.D. degree in plant pathology from North Dakota State University.

Her Ph.D. work was on Verticillium in potatoes.

Kholoud Alananbeh Verticillium vegetative compatibility groups (VCG), a type of race, are being identified in her sunflower work.

The aggressiveness of each VCG identified will be characterized. The third objective is to develop molecular marker techniques for genetic resistance evaluation. The National Sunflower Association is funding Alananbeh’s post-doctoral fellowship.

Alice Roberts has joined BioSafe Systems as a turf and ornamental technical sales representative for the California territory. In addition, Derek Phillips has joined BioSafe Systems as the Florida turf and ornamental technical representative.

Eva Maria Madrid, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain, presented a seminar, “Banking on Medicago truncatula genome for improving chickpea resistance to diseases,” to the Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University in August. Her visit was hosted

by Weidong Chen.

Eva Maria Madrid and Weidong Chen

Rodrigo Mendes, a post-doctorate student at Wageningen University, the Netherlands, presented a seminar “Unravelling disease suppressive soils” to the Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University. His visit was hosted by David Weller.

George Hudler and Dawn Dailey O’Brien

New Positions Maricelis Acevedo joined the Department of Plant Pathology at North Dakota State University (NDSU) as an assistant professor.

Acevedo earned her Ph.D. degree at the University of Nebraska under the direction of Jim Steadman. She then obtained postMaricelis Acevedo doctoral experience with Mike Bonman of the USDA in Aberdeen, ID, working on crown rust of oat and stem rust of wheat. Acevedo’s work on stem rust focused on screening spring wheat landraces for resistance to Ug99 and included multiple trips to Africa to directly work with the disease. Among other honors, Acevedo is a recipient of the 2010 Jeanie Borlaug Laube Women in Triticum Award. At NDSU, she will have responsibility for rust diseases of small grains with an emphasis on wheat.

Alice Roberts

Presentations Peter Bakker, Utrecht University, the Netherlands, presented a seminar “Induced systemic resistance by biocontrol agents” to the Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University. His visit was hosted by David Weller.

Peter Bakker and David Weller

164 Phytopathology News

Derek Phillips Dave Weller, Rodrigo Mendes, and Jos Raaijmakers

In Memory Luite Bos, born in Sonnega, Friesland, on March 22, 1928, died on July 6, 2010.

Bos made his first observation on plant diseases caused by phytoplasmas in Indonesia in 1952.

He graduated from the Agricultural University, Luite Bos Wageningen, the Netherlands, in 1953, and in 1957 wrote his Ph.D. thesis on systemic witches’-broom phenomena in plants, now known to be caused by phytoplasmas. Since then, he was employed as a plant virologist at the former DLO Institute of Plant Pathology (IPO-DLO) in Wageningen (now part of Plant Research International),

where he retired in 1993, but remained active until his death at the age of 82.

His main research concerned viruses and virus diseases of legumes and vegetable crops. He was one of the founding fathers of the International Working Group on Legume Viruses, created in 1961, and of the International Working Group on Legume Viruses (1970). He also worked as a consultant for the International Agricultural Research Centers and for the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and travelled extensively in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Southeast Asia. During his career, he has witnessed plant virology coming of age. His investigations and general interest in plant virology yielded more than 270 scientific papers and reports and four books on plant virology.

His last book, Plant Viruses, Unique and Intriguing Pathogens, differed from most other textbooks on plant viruses in that it concisely and systematically outlined principles and concentrated on the involvement of viruses as incitants of plant diseases and how the damage they cause can be controlled, rather than on the role of viruses as models or tools of molecular biological research. In this preeminent treatise, Bos gave his personal touch to issues that are hotly debated in America and in Europe, where genetic engineering of plants has come under fire. The information in this definitive volume was supported by the vast experience of the author, who has worked with temperate and tropical virus diseases and who himself has used the newest test procedures.

In addition to his wife, G. Bos-Vlherda, he is survived by his children in Rotterdam and Driebergen, and his grandchildren. n

IMPORTANT APS DATES TO REMEMBER November 2010 1 APS Awards nominations due.

APS Treasurer nominations due.

December 2010 1 Deadline for 2011 OIP Global Experience Program proposals 6 PDMR Volume 5 submissions due 15 APS vice president and councilor-atlarge nominations due for 2011 election January 2011 10 Applications for the I. E. Melhus Graduate Student Symposium due 14 Raymond J. Tarleton Student Fellowship applications due February 2011 1 APS vice president and councilor-atlarge applications due for 2011 election

Classifieds Classified Policy You can process your job listing at www.apsnet.org/careers/jobcenter. Your posting will be live within three to five business days and will remain on the website for up to three months or until a listed closing date, at which point it will drop off the listing. Please note: Your online job listing will be edited by newsletter staff to a maximum of 200 words for the print listing in Phytopathology News.

Fees for posting online are $25 member/$50 nonmember for graduate or post-doc positions and $200 member/$250 nonmember for all other positions. To have your job listing also included in Phytopathology News, simply select the option on the online form (there is an additional $55 fee). If you have any questions, contact the APS Placement Coordinator (apsplacement@scisoc.org).

Research Associate—Corn Pathology Monsanto is seeking a highly motivated individual to join the Corn Pathology Program supporting the global, multi-season organization. The associate will have the opportunity to support the corn pathology lead and row crop nursery teams in coordinating various field nurseries, implementing and administering standard operating procedures, quality assurance, compliance, and safety procedures. This is an excellent opportunity to work with cutting-edge technology and talented cross-functional scientists seeking to deliver the very best crop genetics. Responsibilities: Selection and maintenance of screening locations and operating specialized research field and laboratory equipment; preparation and planting, field plot maintenance, data collection and harvesting; interact with international scientists on- and off-site for project-related needs; participate in task-related document creation and process review for job-related activities; administer the breeding nurseries and pathology screening fields; recruit, train, and develop temporary personnel; and ensure that company assets are well-cared for and properly maintained. Required skills/experience: B.S. degree in plant pathology, agronomy, plant breeding, or related field; 5+ years of appropriate work experience within a plant pathology or breeding environment; familiarity with pathology, breeding, and research methodologies; knowledge of crop production, farming practices, and farm equipment operation; documented individual leadership skills, including excellent organizational and record-keeping skills; effective verbal and written communication skills; computer skills in word processing and spreadsheet programs; and ability to work as part of a multidisciplinary/ multicultural research team. Desired skills/ experience: M.S. degree in plant pathology, agronomy, plant breeding, or related field of study. Please note that only applications

submitted through the Monsanto career website will be considered for this position. To view the complete job description for this exciting position, please visit our website (http:// jobs.monsanto.com/Kunia). We offer very competitive salaries and an extensive benefits package. We value a diverse combination of ideas, perspectives, and cultures. EOE/AA EMPLOYER M/F/D/V Plant Pathologist—Cereal and Flax The Crop Development Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, at the University of Saskatchewan (U of S) invites applications for a plant pathologist for the cereal and flax programs. The successful applicant will be expected to initiate a vigorous independent research program in cereal and flax pathology, including identifying new sources of disease resistance, establishing and developing germplasm and screening methodologies, collaborating in the evaluation of breeding material, and providing guidance to plant breeders responsible for well-established and productive crop breeding programs in wheat, durum, barley, oat, and flax. The research conducted should be eligible for Government of Canada Tri-Council funding. The incumbent will also be expected to perform extension duties as required, teach one three-credit unit class per year in the Department of Plant Sciences, and supervise M.Sc. and Ph.D. students. The terms of reference for this position are defined by an agreement between the U of S and the Government of Saskatchewan’s Ministry of Agriculture. This position requires a Ph.D. degree in plant pathology, demonstrated ability and interest in field and laboratory research and teaching, and the potential to participate in extension activities aimed at cereal and flax producers. Relevant post-doctoral experience is desirable. Candidates should be eligible for membership in the Saskatchewan Institute of Agrologists. Excellent communication and interpersonal skills and an ability to establish effective working relationships are essential. The U of S is committed to employment equity and applications from all persons are encouraged.

All qualified individuals are invited to apply, but Canadian citizens and permanent residents will be given priority. Closing date: November 15, 2010 (date is not adjustable). Applications, including a CV, academic transcripts, and contact information for three referees, should be submitted to D. C. Murrell, Managing Director, Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8 Canada. E-mail: dorothy. murrell@usask.ca; fax: +1.306.966.5015; web: www.agbio.usask.ca.

Classifieds continued on page 166 Phytopathology News 165

Classifieds continued from page 165

to the Ph.D. students in implementing and conducting dissertation research, and each student will be directed by a U.S. university major professor as well as a Ph.D. scientist based in Senegal. Students will spend year one taking courses, receiving orientation to African culture and how to conduct research in Senegal, and preparatory training in French. Students may spend up to two-plus years in Senegal conducting dissertation research. They will also be participants and instructors in the Advanced Tropical Microbial Ecology Training Course (MicroTrop), which will be held in years two and four of the project. The students selected must be U.S. citizens and will have M.S. degrees or equivalent working or undergraduate research experience. They must have the ability to work independently in a foreign culture. Salary: A living stipend ($21,000/year), waiver of tuition fee, and travel to Senegal are provided. The application process is open until the position is filled. For more information or to apply, contact Brian McSpadden Gardener, mcspaddengarden.1@osu.edu or +1.330.202.3565; http://plantpath.osu.edu/graduate-programs.

Ph.D. Graduate Research Scholarships Hydrologic redistribution and rhizosphere biology of resource islands in degraded agroecosystems of the Sahel: An NSF PIRE project in tropical microbial ecology. A Ph.D. scholarship in plant pathology is available to work as part of a team of four students who will work in Senegal and at The Ohio State University (OSU). The Sahel is threatened with desertification and soil degradation that now seriously reduce agricultural productivity.

A potential key for restoring these landscapes are two unrecognized shrub species that can coexist with crops and have the ability to lift water, thereby affecting rhizosphere microbial ecology so as to improve crop health. Fieldbased studies will be done to characterize microbial community structure and functions in shrub and crop rhizospheres. The work will involve molecular profiling and marker-assisted recovery of beneficial microbial populations.

Field tests of select isolates will be conducted to determine their ability to offset stresses (e.g., water and plant diseases), supply plant-growthpromoting hormones, and assist nutrient availability (e.g., N fixation and P release). A Senegalese post-doc will provide assistance

Post-Doctoral Associate This announcement is for a post-doctoral position in molecular plant-insect interactions

in the laboratory of Fiona Goggin (http:// entomology.uark.edu/3926.htm). The goals of the project are to investigate the influence of fatty acid metabolism in plants on oxylipin profiles, salicylic acid signaling, and hostplant resistance to insects. The position will involve analysis of insect performance, gene expression, and metabolite profiles in tomato and Arabidopsis. Minimum requirements: A Ph.D. degree in plant molecular biology or a related area of life science is required, as are strong written and oral communication skills and prior experience with standard molecular techniques (e.g., PCR, nucleic acid purification, molecular cloning). Knowledge of entomology and/or plant stress physiology is also highly desirable, as is prior experience with gene expression analysis and/or plant metabolomics (e.g., gas chromatography, highperformance liquid chromatography). The application process is open until the position is filled. Applications must be submitted online at the following website: https://jobs.uark. edu/applicants/Central?quickFind=51146. The application consists of a letter of interest, a CV, academic transcripts, and contact information for three professional references. Only complete applications submitted via the website will be considered. n

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APS Journal Articles Phytopathology November 2010, Volume 100, Number 11 Downward Vascular Translocation of a Green Fluorescent Protein-Tagged Strain of Dickeya sp.

(Biovar 3) from Stem and Leaf Inoculation Sites on Potato.

Deciphering Phenotypic Diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum Strains Pathogenic to Potato.

Seed Treatment with Trichoderma harzianum Alleviates Biotic, Abiotic, and Physiological Stresses in Germinating Seeds and Seedlings.

Baseline Sensitivity and Resistance-Risk Assessment of Phytophthora capsici to Iprovalicarb.

Invasion of Phytophthora infestans at the Landscape Level: How Do Spatial Scale and Weather Modulate the Consequences of Spatial Heterogeneity in Host Resistance?

Periodicity in Host Availability Does Not Account for Evolutionary Branching as Observed in Many Plant Pathogens: An Application to Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici.

Variation in Pathogenicity and Aggressiveness of Erysiphe necator from Different Vitis spp. and Geographic Origins in the Eastern United States.

Effects of Acute Low-Temperature Events on Develop­ment of Erysiphe necator and Susceptibility of Vitis vinifera.

A Statistical Model to Detect Asymptomatic Infectious Individuals with an Application in the Phytophthora alni-Induced Alder Decline.

Mitochondrial Haplotype Analysis as a Tool for Differen­tiating Isolates of Verticillium dahlia.

Identification and Characterization of a Novel Etiological Agent of Mango Malformation Disease in Mexico, Fusarium mexicanum sp. nov.

Molecular Variation Among Isolates of Verticillium dahliae and Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Differentiation of Races.

Plant Host Range and Leafhopper Transmission of Maize fine streak virus.

Distribution of Four Viruses in Single and Mixed Infections Within Infected Watermelon Plants in Florida.

Host Effect on the Genetic Diversification of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus Single-Plant Populations.

Plant Disease November 2010, Volume 94, Number 11 Monitoring Fungicide Sensitivity of Cercospora beticola of Sugar Beet for Disease Management Decisions.

The Reemergence and Management of Currant Cane Dieback in the Northeastern United States.

Resistance Phenotypes in Diverse Accessions, Breeding Lines, and Cultivars of Three Mustard Species Inoculated with Turnip mosaic virus.

Effect of Soybean Cyst Nematode on Growth of Dry Bean in the Field.

Characterization of the Spatiotemporal Attributes of Sclerotinia Flower Blight Epidemics in a Perennial Pyrethrum Pathosystem.

Characterization of Rhizoctonia spp. Isolates Associated with Damping-Off Disease in Cotton and Tobacco Seedlings in Greece.

Evaluation of Soil Solarization and Flooding As Management Tools for Fusarium Wilt of Lettuce.

Pyrosequencing Assessment of Soil Microbial Communities in Organic and Conventional Potato Farms.

Removal of Wet Deposited Phakopsora pachyrhizi Urediniospores from Soybean Leaves by Subsequent Rainfall.

Double-Virus Resistance of Transgenic Oriental Melon Conferred by Untranslatable Chimeric Construct Carrying Partial Coat Protein Genes of Two Viruses.

Soybean blotchy mosaic virus, a New Cytorhabdovirus Found in South Africa.

Detection of Elm Yellows Phytoplasma in Elms and Insects Using Real-Time PCR. Population Structure, Mating Type, and Mefenoxam Sensitivity of Phytophthora nicotianae in Virginia Tobacco Fields.

Occurrence and Detection of Globodera rostochiensis on Vancouver Island, British Columbia: An Update.

Choke Disease Caused by Epichloë bromicola in the Grass Agropyron repens in Poland.

First Report of Leaf Blight Caused by Pantoea agglomerans on Rice in Korea.

First Report of a Decline and Wilt of Young Olive Trees Caused by Simultaneous Infections of Verticillium dahliae and Phytophthora palmivora in Sicily.

First Report of Iris yellow spot virus in Onion in Mauritius.

First Report of Neofusicoccum vitifusiforme Causing Blueberry Blight of Blueberry in China.

First Report of Group 16SrXII Phytoplasma Causing Stolbur Disease in Potato Plants in the Eastern and Southern Anatolia Regions of Turkey.

First Report of Marasmiellus mesosporus Causing Marasmiellus Blight on Seashore Paspalum.

Root and Basal Stem Rot of Mandevillas Caused by Phytophthora spp. in Eastern Sicily.

First Report of Fusarium solani Causing Fruit Rot of Sweet Pepper in Trinidad.

First Report of Bacterial Blight of Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera) Caused by Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis in California.

First Report of Association of Phytoplasma with Yellow Leaf Disease in Areca Palms (Areca catechu) in India.

First Report of Natural Infection of Greenhouse Tomatoes by Potato spindle tuber viroid in the United States.

Incidence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Races in Tomato in Sinaloa, Mexico.

First Report of Stemphylium botryosum on Spinach in Texas.

First Report of Crown Rot of Grafted Cucumber Caused by Fusarium solani in China.

First Report of Cucumber mosaic virus in Sweet Cherry in the People’s Republic of China.

First Report of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus in Cucurbits in Ivory Coast.

First Report of Leaf Blight on Rubus brasiliensis Caused by Colletotrichum acutatum in Brazil.

First Report of Southern Blight of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Côte d’Ivoire.

First Report on the Occurrence of a Virulent Strain of Fusarium Wilt Pathogen (Race-1) Infecting Cavendish (AAA) Group of Bananas in India.

First Report of Brown Ring Patch on Poa annua Caused by Waitea circinata var. circinata in West Virginia.

MPMI November 2010, Volume 23, Number 11 All Hands on Deck—The Role of Chloroplasts, Endoplasmic Reticulum, and the Nucleus in Driving Plant Innate Immunity.

Intracellular Transport of Viruses and Their Components: Utilizing the Cytoskeleton and Membrane Highways.

A Four-Partner Plant–Virus Interaction: Enemies Can Also Come from Within.

Plasmodesmata: Gateways to Local and Systemic Virus Infection.

Interactions Between Tobamovirus Replication Proteins and Cellular Factors: Their Impacts on Virus Multiplication.

A Host-Factor Interaction and Localization Map for a Plant-Adapted Rhabdovirus Implicates CytoplasmTethered Transcription Activators in Cell-to-Cell Movement.

Effects of Amino-Acid Substitutions in the Brome mosaic virus Capsid Protein on RNA Encapsidation.

Enhanced Glutathione Metabolism Is Correlated with Sulfur-Induced Resistance in Tobacco mosaic virus–Infected Genetically Susceptible Nicotiana tabacum Plants.

Involvement of the P1 Cistron in Overcoming eIF4EMediated Recessive Resistance Against Clover yellow vein virus in Pea. An h-Type Thioredoxin Functions in Tobacco Defense Responses to Two Species of Viruses and an Abiotic Oxidative Stress.

The N-Terminal Domain of PMTV TGB1 Movement Protein Is Required for Nucleolar Localization, Microtubule Association, and Long-Distance Movement.

Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) Is Able to Use Alleles of Both eIF4E and eIF(iso)4E from Multiple Loci of the Diploid Brassica rapa.

Direct Interaction Between the Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) VPg and the Central Domain of the Rice eIF(iso)4G1 Factor Correlates with Rice Susceptibility and RYMV Virulence.

Characterization of the Interactions Between Cucumber mosaic virus and Potato virus Y in Mixed Infections in Tomato.

Plant Management Network www.plantmanagementnetwork.org Plant Health Progress Cover Crops of Hybrid Common Vetch Reduce Fusarium Wilt of Seedless Watermelon in the Eastern United States.

First Report of Pathogenicity of Fusarium sporotrichioides and Fusarium acuminatum on Sunflowers in the United States.

First Report of Pseudoperonospora rumicis Causing Downy Mildew on Rumex vesicarius in India.

Large Stink Bug Populations Reported in Western Kentucky.

Agdia Releases Easy-to-use ImmunoStrip for Detection of Phytophthora Species.

Walnut Disease Closer to Missouri.

Monitor Late-Season Corn Diseases to Preserve Grain Quality.

Applied Turfgrass Science Anthracnose Development on Annual Bluegrass Affected by Seedhead and Vegetative Growth Regulators. n Phytopathology News 167

Phytopathology The American Phytopathological Society 3340 Pilot Knob Road St. Paul, MN 55121 United States of America

PERIODICALS

News

Website: www.apsnet.org E-mail: aps@scisoc.org

Calendar of Events

APS Sponsored Events June 2011 15-17 — APS North Central Division Meeting. Omaha, NE. www.apsnet.org/ members/divisions/nc February 2011 6-7 — APS Southern Division Meeting.

Corpus Christie, TX. www.apsnet.org/ members/divisions/south March 2011 9-11 — APS Potomac Division Meeting.

Rehoboth Beach, DE. www.apsnet.org/ members/divisions/pot

19-22 — APS Caribbean Division Meeting.

San Juan, Puerto Rico. www.apsnet.org/ members/divisions/carib August 2011 6-10 — APS Pacific Division Meeting.

Honolulu, HI. www.apsnet.org/members/ divisions/pac Upcoming APS Annual Meetings August 6-10, 2011 — APS-IPPC Joint Meeting. Honolulu, HI. August 4-8, 2012 — Providence, RI. August 10-14, 2013 — Austin, TX. August 9-13, 2014 — Minneapolis, MN.

Other Upcoming Events November 2010 9-12 — XIX Chilean Phytopathological Society Congress. Pucón City, Southern Chile. oandrade@iniai.cl

14-18 — Cucurbitaceae 2010. Charleston, SC. http://ashs.org/cucurbit2010 15-18 — 9th Conference of the European Foundation for Plant Pathology and the 6th Congress of the Sociedade Portuguesa de Fitopatologia. Portugal. www.efpp10.uevora.pt 19 — 2010 Tomato Disease Workshop.

University of Florida, Wimauma, FL. gvallad@ufl.edu

March 2011 21-23 — Joint Meeting of the 57th Annual Conference on Soilborne Plant Pathogens and the 43rd Annual California Nematology Workshop. University of California, Davis, CA. paulitz@wsu.edu April 2011 11-14 — International Congress of Postharvest Pathology. Lleida, Spain. www. postharvestpathology.com

December 2010 7-9 — 2010 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. Milwaukee, WI. http://scabusa.org/ forum10.html

26-29 — 4th Asian Conference for Plant Pathology (ACPP) concurrent with the 18th Australasian Plant Pathology Conference.

Darwin, Australia. www.appc2011.org

10 — 2010 Corn Disease Working Group Meeting. Chicago, IL. kawise@purdue.edu

May 2011 23-28 — 4th International Workshop for Phytophthora, Pythium, and Related Genera: Systematics (Taxonomy, Nomenclature, Phylogeny), Detection, Databases, Ecolog.

College Park, MD. gloria.abad@aphis.usda.gov

12-15 — Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. San Diego, CA. www.entsoc.org/am/cm/index.htm January 2011 10-14 — 2nd International Conference on Huanglongbing. Orlando, FL. http://IRCHLB.org 23-26 — 47th Southern Africa Society of Plant Pathology Conference. Kruger National Park, South Africa. www.saspp.co.za February 2011 20-24 — 7th North American Strawberry Symposium combined with the North American Strawberry Growers Association Conference.

Tampa, FL. www.nasga.org

26-28 — 2nd Argentine Congress of Plant Pathology. Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. www.inta.gov.ar/balcarce July 2011 23-30 — XVIII International Botanical Congress. Melbourne, Australia. www.ibc2011.com August 2013 25-30 — 10th International Conference of Plant Pathology. Beijing, China. www.icppbj2013.org n

For the most current listing go to www.apsnet.org/meetings/meetingcalendar.