Material combined

Locally Sourced Building Materials Advantages - Reduce excess energy use - Reduce waste - Support the local economy

Cement - Don Chapin Cement – 9 miles http://www.donchapin.com/readymix - Graniterock – 26 miles http://www.graniterock.com/locations/salinas.html - Lehigh Southwest Cement - 75 miles from Point Lobos http://www.lehighpermanente.com/

Masonry - McNearmanufactures brick and pavers using 40% recycled materials. – 140 miles http://www.mcnear.com/ - Pacific Clay mines and manufactures bricks and pavers – 370 miles http://www.pacificclay.com/

Steel - PDM Steel http://www.pdmsteel.com/index.html - California Steel Industries – 370 miles http://www.californiasteel.com/index.php - Albany Steel – 122 miles http://www.albanysteelinc.com/

Wood Products The following companies are managed under the standards of the Sustainable Forestry Initiative. Many manage forestlands in California and specialize in specific wood product(s).

• • • • •

Sierra Pacific Industries – www.spi-­‐ind.com California Redwood Company -­‐ http://www.californiaredwoodco.com/ Timber Products Company -­‐ http://www.timberproducts.com/ Hancock Timber Resource Group -­‐ http://www.htrg.com/manage.htm Green Diamond Resource Company -­‐ http://www.greendiamond.com/

Additional/Alternative Wood Product Suppliers - Crossroads Recycled Lumber specializes in reclaimed lumber, timber flooring, and barn wood. http://crossroadslumber.com/ - Mendocino specializes in redwood decking and dimensional lumber. http://www.mfp.com - Hayward lumber is a distributor 150 miles form Point Lobos that specializes in the distribution of locally sourced sustainable materials. http://www.haywardlumber.com/default.asp

The Eggum Tourist Stop Architect: Snohetta The Eggum Tourist Stop is located in northern Norway. Excavated rock was used to fill gabion baskets.

The entrance to the building is sheathed in locally sourced driftwood that was left untreated so that it would weather naturally.

Michael Reilly 10/14/2013

RAMMED EARTH - CONSTRUCTED FROM LOCAL SOILS (SAND, GRAVEL AND CLAY) MIXED WITH CONCRETE AND COLOR ADDITIVES. FRAMED AND MOLDED INTO A SOLID WALL, AND SEALED TO PREVENT WATER DAMAGE IN MOIST AREAS. - ACTS AS A THERMAL BARRIER. THE DENSITY, THICKNESS AND THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF RAMMED EARTH MAKE IT A SUITABLE MATERIAL FOR PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING. WARMTH TAKES ALMOST 12 HOURS TO WORK ITS WAY THROUGH A WALL 14 INCHES THICK. SLOWLY RETAINS HEAT IN THE DAY AND RELEASES HEAT IN THE EVENING. - WORKS IN A RANGE OF ENVIRONMENTS, FROM TEMPERATE WET REGIONS TO MOUNTAIN AREAS AND THE TROPICS. - REBAR, WOOD, BAMBOO, REINFORCEMENT IS NECESSARY IN SEISMIC AND HEAVY STORM AREAS. IN COLDER REGIONS, RAMMED EARTH WALLS CAN BE INSULATED WITH A STYROFOAM OR SIMILAR INSERT. - CHEAP: USES LOCALLY AVAILABLE MATERIALS AND USUALLY HAVE LOW EMBODIED ENERGY AND GENERATE LITTLE WASTE. - QUICK: WITH A MECHANICAL TAMPER AND PREFABRICATED FORMWORK, IT CAN TAKE AS LITTLE AS TWO TO THREE DAYS TO CONSTRUCT THE WALLS FOR A 2400 SQ FT HOUSE. - TERMITE-RESISTANT, FIREPROOF, BIODEGRADABLE, SOUNDPROOF. - THE MATERIAL MASS AND CLAY CONTENT OF RAMMED EARTH ALLOWS THE BUILDING TO “BREATHE” MORE THAN CONCRETE STRUCTURES DO, AVOIDING CONDENSATION ISSUES WITHOUT SIGNIFICANT HEAT LOSS.

NK’ NIP DESERT CULTURAL CENTRE HBBH ARCHITECTS

Material: Rammed Earth Description: The use of local soils, often combined with cement and/or lime, to create large mass walls. The mixture is poured into forms, usually made from wood, and them compacted.

Advantages: - Use of local soils can reduce hall-away after digging foundations - Use of local soils reduces carbon footprint of project - Less material needs to be shipped to the site - Wood for framing can usually be found locally - Thermal benefits of massive walls - Insulating effect -Retain heat absorbed throughout the day - Can add insulation when necessary - Short payback period (depending on insulation)

Disadvantages: - Not applicable in all climates - Better suited for more arid climates - Weather can have adverse effect on structure - Additives can help mitigate impact of weather - Labor intensive if not using a pneumatic tamper

Precedence: Caterpillar House, Carmel, CA

Recycled/Reclaimed Stone

Apartment No. 1 by Architecture by Collective Terrain (AbCT) Mahallat, Iran

BENEFITS natural stone can almost always be reused, therefore its salvage and reuse reduces landfill waste

FEATURES

reclamation extends the life cycle of the product and reduces its overall environmental impacts

Mahallat’s economy is in the business of cutting and treating stone (travertine) over half of which is discarded due to inefficiencies in stone-cutting technology

natural stone provides durability and flexibility of use which is adaptable to a range of applications reused stone can be crushed or fragmented, or whole products can be refinished or reformed stone slabs and tiles can be used as paving materials which does not require as extensive a testing procedure as when recycled stone is used for cladding or masonry purposes stone that is unsuitable as a structural or finish material can be used to construct retaining walls, while smaller pieces can act as gravel fill or concrete aggregate natural stone in powder form can be used in fertilizer or as a sidewalk bed the use of recycled/reclaimed stone can provide a sense of history or nostalgia when incorporated into a design from the original structure studies show that deconstruction of stone buildings is more cost-effective than demolition due to the resale of the reclaimed materials, typically salvaged stone can be less expensive than using virgin material implementing second-life materials eliminates the energy, water, and other resources needed to generate new products, promoting reduced impacts to ecosystems

LIMITATIONS reclaimed stone may have flaws that can limit its structural capacity old stone is subjection to erosion or weathering processes which may require refinishing structural tests are required to determine the material’s potential for reuse deconstruction rather than mechanical demolition is a process which is more labor and time intensive (however, the long-term cost savings can be significant as landfill fees are decreased and reclaimed materials are resold) deconstruction planning is especially important for the sustainable use of stone which requires more intensive planning and design strategies

in the design, AbCT used leftover stones for (waste collected from mines around the region) the exterior and some interior walls that otherwise would have discarded the stones used made use of materials that would otherwise end up in a landfill use of stone together with easy-to-operate shading devices regulating how much sunlight enters the building the slight roughness of the mixed recycled stones creates a warm texture in comparison the modern facade and interior the use of the natural stone creates a connection to context, highlighting more than a thousand year of history of stone mining in Mahallat 1,300-square-meter building is built to conserve energy, the use of stone provides thermal mass to slow the transfer of heat throughout the day, and operable shading devices help control sunlight and heat gain AbCT prompted the concern for more responsible re-use of local resources, while preserving natural resources in a creative way and significantly reduce the cost of using natural stone AbCT’s design has led to the increasing adoption of stone recycling by local builders, changing the way builders use this recycled stone in the city the now widely used practice of building with reclaimed stone throughout the city prevents remnants of the stone-cutting process from being dumped and polluting the environment, thereby turning the inefficiency of stone cutting into an economic and environmental advantage

Materials

Recycled Stone

Shannon Ferguson

Materials Concrete:

Types of Concrete

Resource efficiency. The predominant raw material for the cement in concrete is limestone, the most abundant mineral on earth. Concrete can also be made with fly ash, slag cement, and silica fume, all waste byproducts from power plants, steel mills, and other manufacturing facilities.

Glass concrete The use of recycled glass as aggregate in concrete both enhances aesthetic appeal of concrete while having more long-term strength and better thermal insulation due to its thermal properties of the glass aggregates

Durability. Concrete builds durable, long-lasting structures that will not rust, rot, or burn. Life spans for concrete building products can be double or triple those of other common building materials.

Thermal mass. Homes built with concrete walls, foundations, and floors are highly energy efficient because they take advantage of concretes inherent thermal massor ability to absorb and retain heat.

Minimal waste. Concrete can be produced in the quantities needed for each project, reducing waste. After a concrete structure has served its original purpose, the concrete can be crushed and recycled into aggregate for use in new concrete pavements or as backfill or road base.

Source: http://www.concretenetwork.com/concrete/greenbuildinginformation/what_makes.html

Cork-cement composites Cork cement composites have several advantages over standard concrete, such as lower thermal conductivities, lower densities and good energy absorption characteristics.

Insulating Concrete Form Systems Insulating Concrete Form Systems (ICFs) are forms for poured concrete walls, that stay in place as a permanent part of the wall assembly. The forms made of foam insulation, are either pre-formed interlocking blocks or separate panels connected with plastic or metal ties. The left-in-place forms provide a continuous insulation and sound barrier.

Source: http://www.cemexusa.com/ProductsServices/InsulatingConcrete.aspx

The concrete ceilings condition the building through the use of thermal mass.

Environmental Protection Agency, Region 8 Headquarters.

Denver, Colorado Architect: ZImmer Gunsul Frasca Architects

Material: SIP’s Structurally Insulated Panels are a composite

building material. It is composed of a rigid insulating core, surrounded by two layers of structural sheathing, typically OSB or plywood.

Several components of conventional building are combined in a SIP, such as studs and joists, insulation, vapor and air barriers.

From a structural standpoint, SIP’s act similarly to an I-beam. The rigid insulation acts as a web, and the sheathing acts as flanges.

SIP’s are factory built, and therefore require less construction time and labor than conventional wood framed buildings.

Benefits of SIP’s: -Reduces construction time/labor.

-Stronger axial load strength than conventional stick framed buildings.

-Reduced site disturbance during construction.

-Improved tightness of building, which leads to reduced leakage.

-Reduced lifetime maintenance cost.

Puyallup Tribal Longhouse Location: Tacoma, WA Architect: 7 Directions Architects Built: 2012 This LEED for Homes Platinum Certified Housing project includes 10 apartments of housing for tribal members.

The project also includes a community building, future sweat lodge, remodel of an existing gymnasium, and restoration of an adjacent habitat corridor. Sustainable technologies include structural insulated panels (SIPs), triple pane windows, and ground source heat pumps for both domestic hot water and hydronic heating systems. There are no corridors to heat and ventilate. The buildings are elongated in the east/west dimension with unit depths of only 16 to 20 feet. This configuration allows all windows to have a south or north exposure, promotes natural through ventilation, and allows large roof space for solar panels to gather solar energy.

Motivation to use Reclaimed wood

Facts

The process of producing reclaimed wood flooring uses 13 times less cumulative energy than that of producing virgin wood flooring.

Acres in the US-230 billion Acres of forest in 1620- 1 billion+ Acres of forest today- 750 million

Material

Wood (Reclaimed) Main Sources Old barns Factories Warehouses

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that demolished buildings provide about 1,000,000,000 feet of usable lumber per year.

Main Uses

Reclaimed lumber is often times harder and stronger than newer virgin lumber

Siding Architectural detailing Furniture Flooring Cabinetry

LCA of Wood

Issues

High humidity causes warping and cupping Greater upkeep Image showing Salvaged wood being the most sustainable of all wood products

Benefits

Environmentally Friendly Prevention of waste on landfill Unique quality History

Precedent

Aptos Retreat

Outside San Fransisco

Interior examples of using reclaimed wood

Exteriror siding

Architectural detail Sources: Inhabitat, US Dept. of Agriculture

Wood: Timber Frame Strengths: Off-site manufacture of components, Doesn’t need

a finish, Possibility of joints than can be disassembled, Source locally

Weaknesses: Limited spans(depending on source), Rot, Fire

Tamedia Headquarters

http://www.shigerubanarchitects.com/works/2013_tamedia-office-building/index.html

Yusuhara Wooden Bridge Museum

http://kkaa.co.jp/works/yusuhara-wooden-bridge-museum/

Casa Kike

http://www.giannibotsford.com/project/casa-kike/

DEFINITIONS Recycled steel cladding | an external wall siding finish made with recycled aluminum

Galvalume Cladding

STRATEGY+EQUIPMENT Metal cladding is installed by attaching interlocking horizontal or vertical panels to the exterior sheathing of your house, or by wrapping the house frame in a sheet of metal.

ADVANTAGES Protects from heat transfer Durable for areas subject to high winds and earthquakes Product and end-life are both recyclable Recycling scrap reduces the energy produced in making the steel by 75% Low-maintenance no rot, impervious to termites and fire-resistant Metal cladding is available in many different colors, styles and textures Provides tight building envelope

DISADVANTAGES Corrodes in coastal areas without coating More expensive than alternatives Poor thermal regulation and insulation

Most helpful site: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-steel-cladding.htm

W A L L A W O M B A G U E S T H O U S E Bruny Island, Tasmania, Australia | 1+2 Architecture | 2150 sq ft

material

R e c y c l e d

S t e e l

The house uses Galvalume cladding on the exterior walls along with sustainable oiled Tasmanian oak, a eucalyptus species from Australia. The metal walls are well-insulated with rock wool common to Australia. Metal walls and roof maximize solar or thermal heat collection. Wide Galvalume overhangs and white ceiling reflect soft light into the home while protecting from harsh direction sunlight. Additional cost and energy savings are gained by on-site steel fabrication and welding.

MATERIAL: GLAZING Project_Aqua Tower

Chicago, Illinois

Studio Gang Architects This project utilized 6 different types of glazing to minimize solar gain and glare through the exposed glass facade. Type of glazing was determined based upon which solar direction the facade faced and whether or not it was protected by an overhanging balcony from the unit above.

1. Low-e coated glazing_all glazing has low-e coatings 2. Reflective glazing_exposed glass on E & S facades 3. Tinted glazing_W facade 4. Fritted glazing_on most surfaces to cut back glare, heat gain and risk to birds 5. Spandrel_select areas 6. Translucent_select areas

Spandrel Glazing

Tinted Glazing

Reflective Glazing

Fritted Glazing

Material: Building Integrated Photovoltaics Semi-transparent double glazed photovoltaic insulating glass units can be incorporated into the project providing better thermal insulation properties.

Additionally, Argon filling can be used with the chamber for a better thermal performance. Works in all weather conditions, including low light and cloudy conditions

Complies with the anti-slip regulation, it supports 400 kg in point load test and reaches almost the same efficiency levels than any other photovoltaic building material. PV pavement combines passive elements (avoided CO2 emissions) with active elements (power generation), greatly reducing the building’s environmental impact.

Comes in a wide range of colors, transparencies and thicknesses. It has been designed specially as safety glass for buildings in order to comply with the Technical Code of the Building. Connections are hidden behind the frames, and, owing to their semi transparency, are see-through.

Offers a wide range of configuration possibilities in color (or combination of colors) and the chance to use a LED backlit system to enhance the aesthetic value. Can be integrated in any project and environment without renouncing design and aestheticism

Photovoltaic ventilated façade and roof system provides an aesthetic value and is unbeatable in terms of heat insulation that generates free electricity from the sun.

The thermal surrounding methods can result in a 2540% reduction of the energy consumed by a building.

The Skylight system ensure an optimized PV electrical generation adding multifunctional passive bioclimatic properties of thermal inner comfort since most of the UV and infrared radiation from the sun will be harvested by the silicon-based material (solar filter effect). The air chamber of the insulating glass provides great thermal performance in terms of U and g values.

Depending upon the orientation of the façade, building location, and the photovoltaic technology implemented, the electricity produced in just one square metre can vary between 20-40 kW/h per annum; sufficient energy to supply up to 10,000 hours of light from 20W energy saving light bulbs.

A photovoltaic canopy constitutes a constructive solution which combines energy generation, solar and adverse climatologic conditions protection. he energy generated by the system can either feed any building within its surroundings or get connected to the grid, leading in any case to an important economic profit.

Monopan

MCA

Material

Denver,co

what is it

fibre glass reinforced polypropylene and polypropylene honeycomb core

assembly

advantages

-impact resistance -waterproof -resilient to salt water -resistance to climate conditions -minimal aging -100% recyclable -lower weight: transport 70% more payload

material: laminate siding -

a plastic-based product made primarily from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin Fade resistant Specialized lamination technology for exceptional durability and fade protection Realistic grain textures beautifully replicate the richness of real cedar Low-maintenance vinyl won’t warp, buckle or sag Can withstand hurricane-force winds up to 180 mph Relatively cheap Has a long life and needs little to no repair Many different types of siding that come in many different colors Vinyl siding comes in strips, either horizontal siding or vertical siding Vinyl siding is often retrofitted over wood siding in many home renovation projects Has an extremely low moisture absorption and won’t promote mold or mildew Requires no caulking, patching, priming, or painting Has potential to look very ugly if improperly used

material: recycled tires

utilizing materials that would otherwise take excessive energy (and pollution) to traditionally recycle miniminzing human impact on landfills

• precedent: earthship

recycled automobile tires filled with compacted earth to form a rammed earth brick, encased in steel belted rubber how: orientation on site must be south facing one by one, tires are placed and filled to form the building foundation/exterior walls process takes 15-30 mins each with the use of a pneumatic tamper (finished weight - upwards of 300 lbs/tire) cool mass of the earth connects with the mass of the shelter, is absorbed into the shelter mass and leaks into the living space other factors that make earthships work: a greenhouse on the south face of the building maintains interior temperatures in cold weather (60F in as low as -5F weather conditions) interior, non structural walls are made using recycled aluminum cans recycled glass bottles act as a means of daylighting as well as aesthetics

construction technique

benefits: maintains comfortable temperatures Modifiable to almost any climate or size Fully constructed costs around $225 per sf One month construction time frame Requires unskilled workers Takes advantage of natural heating and cooling virtually indestructible An average sized tire-house will remove 2,000 tires from the ever growing pile

detail of interior articulations

variations on how these structures can look

• precedent: re-Tread ®

Tire Log™ building material for earthquake resistant structures alternative for lumber and concrete uses: retaining walls highway noise barriers sandbag replacements for erosion control and security barricades earthquake-resistant home building material how: produced by a commercially available sidewall removing machines machines slice tires to create an inner core of wrapped tire strips in a helical formation benefits: require little power to create avoids the energy intensive process of grinding (uses 3.5 times less energy) withstands deformations that would crack or break conventional building materials

• precedent: flexco ®

uses: flooring, stair tread, wall base benefits: lasts for years without scuffs and scratches requires no maintenance naturally resists stains, water, dirt and mildew various colors available some very attractive and convincing faux material finishes/ textures are available (granite, wood, marble)