Vol. 65 No 3 Thursday, January 16, 2024

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Sharp HealthCare celebrates Dr. King’s legacy of hope and healing. We are dedicated to achieving health equity by addressing the needs, challenges and cultural norms that affect care access, engagement and choices throughout our diverse community.

Learn more at sharp.com .

Why We Celebrate the Life of

REV. DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING JR.

January 15, 2025, marks the 96th birthday of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. While we celebrate his birthday, we also remember that he was assassinated 57 years ago this April. The further we move from his life, and for those of us who either knew or personally experienced his struggle, the more important it becomes to provide these factual printed excerpts from “trusted messengers” like the Black Press. In reality, we have an entire generation with social media posts of Dr. King, giving abbreviated glimpses of the man and his contributions. We have streets, buildings, and monuments named after him, but little knowledge of the man himself. Because there was much more to Dr. King than “I Have a Dream”, we are publishing some of his messages here in this special “commemorative” issue providing some insight into the life of Dr. King, the man.

Dr. King believed that” the laws of man” never outweighed “the laws of God.” The March on Washington, D.C. on August 28th, 1963 was a march for jobs and freedom. Dr. King and the 250,000 plus who joined him, and I was one of them, intended to redeem what he called a “check” that America had issued to the poor and jobless. That check had been returned, marked “insufficient funds”. The “Dream” was never a substitute for the bounced check. It was to be the product of the check, had it, in fact, been “redeemed”. This issue, like those appearing in a number of African American publications this week, is intended to provide more information on Dr. King, particularly for those born 56 years after his death. The pictures, stories, articles, and excerpts from some of his speeches are meant to add an understanding of Martin Luther King, Jr. The man, not the myth.

It is our hope that this issue will be retained as a point of reference for years to come. To that end, it will also

be available for viewing online, but not for download. We deeply thank those who have placed ads in this issue making it possible for us to reach our children, churches, schools, and the general community as we celebrate and remember the man.

For a compelling view of one of the greatest speeches ever given in receipt of the Nobel Peace Prize, we urge you to go to YouTube and view Dr. Martin Luther King’s Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech in Oslo, Norway on December 10, 1964.

In conclusion, let us remember that Dr. King is the only private citizen in the history of this country to have both a National Holiday in his honor and a monument on the National Mall. It is still up to us to make the dream and the sacrifice of the man a reality.

In this Aug. 28, 1963 photo, The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, gestures during his "I Have a Dream" speech as he addresses thousands of civil rights supporters gathered in Washington, D.C. (AP Photo)

THE KING PHILOSOPHY

TRIPLE EVILS

The Triple Evils of POVERTY, RACISM and MILITARISM are forms of violence that exist in a vicious cycle. They are interrelated, all-inclusive, and stand as barriers to our living in the Beloved Community. When we work to remedy one evil, we affect all evils. To work against the Triple Evils, you must develop a nonviolent frame of mind as described in the “Six Principles of Nonviolence” and use the Kingian model for social action outlined in the “Six Steps for Nonviolent Social Change.”

Some contemporary examples of the Triple Evils are listed next to each item:

POVERTY – unemployment, homelessness, hunger, malnutrition, illiteracy, infant mortality, slums…

“There is nothing new about poverty. What is new, however, is that we now have the resources to get rid of it. The time has come for an all-out world war against poverty… The well off and the secure have too often become indifferent and oblivious to the poverty and deprivation in their midst. Ultimately a great nation is a compassionate nation. No individual or nation can be great if it does not have a concern for ‘the least of these.”

RACISM – prejudice, apartheid, ethnic conflict, anti-Semitism, sexism, colonialism, homophobia, ageism, discrimination against disabled groups, stereotypes…

“Racism is a philosophy based on a contempt for life. It is the arrogant assertion that one race is the center of value and object of devotion, before which other races must kneel in submission. It is the absurd dogma that one race is responsible for all the progress of history and alone can assure the progress of the future. Racism is total estrangement. It separates not only bodies, but minds and spirits. Inevitably it descends to inflicting spiritual and physical homicide upon the out-group.”

MILITARISM – war, imperialism, domestic violence, rape, terrorism, human trafficking, media violence, drugs, child abuse, violent crime…

“A true revolution of values will lay hands on the world order and say of war- ‘This way of settling differences is not just.’ This way of burning human beings with napalm, of filling our nation’s homes with orphans and widows, of injecting poisonous drugs of hate into the veins of peoples normally humane, of sending men home from dark and bloody battlefields physically handicapped psychologically deranged,

cannot be reconciled with wisdom, justice and love. A nation that continues year after year to spend more money on military defense than on programs of social uplift is approaching spiritual death.”

Source: “Where Do We Go From Here: Chaos or Community?” by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.; Boston: Beacon Press, 1967.

SIX PRINCIPLES OF NONVIOLENCE

Fundamental tenets of Dr. King’s philosophy of nonviolence described in his first book, Stride Toward Freedom. The six principles include:

1. PRINCIPLE ONE: Nonviolence is a way of life for courageous people. It is active nonviolent resistance to evil. It is aggressive spiritually, mentally and emotionally.

2. PRINCIPLE TWO: Nonviolence seeks to win friendship and understanding. The end result of nonviolence is redemption and reconciliation. The purpose of nonviolence is the creation of the Beloved Community.

3. PRINCIPLE THREE: Nonviolence seeks to defeat injustice not people. Nonviolence recognizes that evildoers are also victims and are not evil people. The nonviolent resister seeks to defeat evil not people.

4. PRINCIPLE FOUR: Nonviolence holds that suffering can educate and transform. Nonviolence accepts suffering without retaliation. Unearned suffering is redemptive and has tremendous educational and transforming possibilities.

5. PRINCIPLE FIVE: Nonviolence chooses love instead of hate. Nonviolence resists violence of the spirit as well as the body. Nonviolent love is spontaneous, unmotivated, unselfish and creative.

6. PRINCIPLE SIX: Nonviolence believes that the universe is on the side of justice. The nonviolent resister has deep faith that justice will eventually win. Nonviolence believes that God is a God of justice.

SIX STEPS OF NONVIOLENT SOCIAL CHANGE

The Six Steps for Nonviolent Social Change are based on Dr. King’s nonviolent campaigns and teachings that emphasize love in action. Dr. King’s philosophy of nonviolence, as reviewed in the Six

Principles of Nonviolence, guide these steps for social and interpersonal change.

1. INFORMATION GATHERING: To understand and articulate an issue, problem or injustice facing a person, community, or institution you must do research. You must investigate and gather all vital information from all sides of the argument or issue so as to increase your understanding of the problem. You must become an expert on your opponent’s position.

2. EDUCATION: It is essential to inform others, including your opposition, about your issue. This minimizes misunderstandings and gains you support and sympathy.

3. PERSONAL COMMITMENT: Daily check and affirm your faith in the philosophy and methods of nonviolence. Eliminate hidden motives and prepare yourself to accept suffering, if necessary, in your work for justice.

4. DISCUSSION/NEGOTIATION: Using grace, humor and intelligence, confront the other party with a list of injustices and a plan for addressing and resolving these injustices. Look for what is positive in every action and statement the opposition makes. Do not seek to humiliate the opponent but to call forth the good in the opponent.

5. DIRECT ACTION: These are actions taken when the opponent is unwilling to enter into, or remain in, discussion/negotiation. These actions impose a “creative tension” into the conflict, supplying moral pressure on your opponent to work with you in resolving the injustice.

6. RECONCILIATION: Nonviolence seeks friendship and understanding with the opponent. Nonviolence does not seek to defeat the opponent. Nonviolence is directed against evil systems, forces, oppressive policies, unjust acts, but not against persons. Through reasoned compromise, both sides resolve the injustice with a plan of action. Each act of reconciliation is one step close to the ‘Beloved Community.’

Based on Martin Luther King, Jr.’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail” in Why We Can’t Wait, Penguin Books, 1963.

We often view the Six Steps as phases or cycles of a campaign rather than steps because each of them embodies a cluster or series of activities related to each of the other five elements.

THE BELOVED COMMUNITY

“The Beloved Community” is a term that was first coined in the early days of the 20th Century by the philosopher-theologian Josiah Royce, who founded the Fellowship of Reconciliation. However, it was Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., also a member of the Fellowship of Reconciliation, who popularized the term and invested it with a deeper meaning which has captured the imagination of people of goodwill all over the world.

For Dr. King, The Beloved Community was not a lofty utopian goal to be confused with the rapturous image of the Peaceable Kingdom, in which lions and lambs coexist in idyllic harmony. Rather, The Beloved Community was for him a realistic, achievable goal that could be attained by a critical mass of people committed to and trained in the philosophy and methods of nonviolence.

Dr. King’s Beloved Community is a global vision, in which all people can share in the wealth of the earth. In the Beloved Community, poverty, hunger and homelessness will not be tolerated because international standards of human decency will not allow it. Racism and all forms of discrimination, bigotry and prejudice will be replaced by an all-inclusive spirit of sisterhood and brotherhood. In the Beloved Community, international disputes will be resolved by peaceful conflict-resolution and reconciliation of adversaries, instead of military power. Love and trust will triumph over fear and hatred. Peace with justice will prevail over war and military conflict.

SOURCE: The Martin Luther King, Jr. Center, www.thekingcenter.org

PHOTO: Unsplash / Suzy Brooks
PHOTO: Unsplash /Tim Mossholder

BIOGRAPHICAL OVERVIEW

During the less than 13 years of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s leadership of the modern American Civil Rights Movement, from December, 1955 until April 4, 1968, African Americans achieved more genuine progress toward racial equality than the previous 350 years had produced. Dr. King is widely regarded as America’s preeminent advocate of nonviolence and one of the greatest nonviolent leaders in world history.

Drawing inspiration from both his Christian faith and the peaceful teachings of Mahatma Gandhi, Dr. King led a nonviolent movement in the late 1950’s and ‘60s to achieve legal equality for African-Americans in the United States. While others were advocating for freedom by “any means necessary,” including violence, Martin Luther King, Jr. used the power of words and acts of nonviolent resistance, such as protests and grassroots organizing, to achieve seemingly-impossible goals. He went on to lead similar campaigns against poverty and international conflict, always maintaining fidelity to his principles that men and women everywhere, regardless of color or creed, are equal members of the human family.

SOME OF DR. KING’S MOST IMPORTANT ACHIEVEMENTS INCLUDE:

In 1955, he was recruited to serve as spokesman for the Montgomery Bus Boycott, which was a campaign by the African-American population of Montgomery, Alabama to force integration of the city’s bus lines. After 381 days of nearly universal participation by the black community, many of whom had to walk miles to work each day as a result, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in transportation was unconstitutional.

In 1957, Dr. King was elected president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), an organization meant to provide new leadership for the now burgeoning civil rights movement. He would serve as head of the SCLC until his assassination in 1968, a period during which he would emerge as the most important social leader of the modern American civil rights movement.

In 1963, he led a coalition of numerous civil rights groups in a nonviolent campaign aimed at Birmingham, Alabama, which at the time was described as the “most segregated city in America.”

BIRTH & FAMILY

Born at noon on Tuesday, January 15, 1929 at the family home in Atlanta, Martin Luther King, Jr. was the first son and second child born to the Reverend Martin Luther King, Sr.

and Alberta Williams King. Also born to the Kings were Christine, now Mrs. Isaac Farris, Sr., and the Reverend Alfred Daniel Williams King, now deceased.

Martin Luther King, Jr.’s maternal grandparents were the Reverend Adam Daniel Williams, second pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church, and Jenny Parks Williams. His paternal grandparents were James Albert and Delia King, sharecroppers on a farm in Stockbridge, Georgia.

He married Coretta Scott, the younger daughter of Obadiah and Bernice McMurry Scott of Marion, Alabama, on June 18, 1953. The marriage ceremony took place on the lawn of the Scott’s home in Marion, Alabama. The Rev. King, Sr. performed the service.

UPBRINGING & STUDIES

The son, grandson, and great-grandson of Baptist ministers, Martin Luther King Jr., named Michael King at birth, spent his first twelve years in the Auburn Avenue home that his parents, the Reverend Michael King and Alberta Williams King, shared with his maternal grandparents, Daniel Williams and Jeannie Celeste Williams. After Rev. Williams’ death in 1931, his son-in-law became Ebenezer Baptist Church’s new pastor and gradually established himself as a major figure in state and national Baptist groups. The elder King began refer-

ring to himself (and later to his son) as Martin Luther King.

During his undergraduate years at Atlanta’s Morehouse College (1944 to 1948), King gradually overcame his initial reluctance to accept his inherited calling. Morehouse President Benjamin E. Mays influenced King’s spiritual development, encouraging him to view Christianity as a potential force for progressive social change. He was ordained during his final semester at Morehouse, and by this time King had also taken his first steps toward political activism. He had responded to the postwar wave of anti-black violence by proclaiming in a letter to the editor of the Atlanta Constitution that African Americans were “entitled to the basic rights and opportunities of American citizens”. During his senior year King joined the Intercollegiate Council, an interracial student discussion group that met monthly at Atlanta’s Emory University.

After leaving Morehouse, King increased his understanding of progressive Christian thought while attending Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania from 1948 to 1951. Initially uncritical of liberal theology, he gradually moved toward Reinhold Niebuhr’s neo-orthodoxy, which emphasized the intractability of social evil. Even as he continued to question and modify his own religious beliefs, he compiled an outstanding academic record and graduated at the top of his class.

In 1951 King began doctoral studies in systematic theology at Boston University’s School of Theology. By the time he completed his doctoral studies in 1955, King had refined his exceptional ability to draw upon a wide range of theological and philosophical texts to express his views with force and precision. His ability to infuse his oratory with borrowed theological insights became evident in his expanding preaching activities in Boston-areachurches and at Ebenezer, where he assisted his father during school vacations.

THE BUS BOYCOTT SPARKS A MOVEMENT

Although he considered pursuing an academic career, King decided in 1954 to accept an offer to become the pastor of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. In December 1955, when Montgomery’s black leaders, such as Jo Ann Robinson, E.D. Nixon, and Ralph Abernathy formed the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) to protest the arrest of NAACP official Rosa Park for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white man, they selected King to head the new group.

In his role as the primary spokesman of the year-long Montgomery bus boycott, King utilized the leadership abilities he had gained from his religious background and academic training to forge a distinctive protest strategy that involved the mobilization of black churches and skillful appeals for white support. With the encouragement of Bayard Rustin, Glenn Smiley, William Stuart Nelson and other veteran pacifists, King also became a firm advocate of Mohandas Gandhi’s precepts of nonviolence, which he combined with Christian social gospel ideas.

In his last book, Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community?, King dismissed the claim of Black Power advocates “to be the most revolutionary wing of the social revolution taking place in the United States,” but he acknowledged that they responded to a psychological need among African Americans he had not previously addressed. “Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery,” King wrote. “The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation.”

SOURCE: The Martin Luther King Jr. Center, www. thekingcenter.org

Integration leader Martin Luther King Jr., Atlanta minister, speaking to a church filled to overflowing, in Albany, Georgia on July 22, 1962, about the legal fights ahead. King and other integration leaders and organizations fighting to break down segregation will start court action in a effort to upset a Federal injunction issued on banning protest demonstrations. (AP Photo)
The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. is welcomed with a kiss by his wife Coretta after leaving court in Montgomery, Ala., March 22, 1956. King was found guilty of conspiracy to boycott city buses in a campaign to desegregate the bus system, but a judge suspended his $500 fine pending appeal. (AP Photo/Gene Herrick)

MAJOR EVENTS 1929–1968

Martin Luther King Jr. is born at 501 Auburn Ave. in Atlanta, Georgia. His mother, Alberta King was a school teacher and his father, Michael Luther King was a Baptist minister.

The Atlanta Constitution publishes King’s letter to the editor stating that black people “are entitled to the basic rights and opportunities of American citizens.”

The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) is formed by Southern black ministers in Atlanta to discuss strategies to fight segregation. King is named SCLC’s first president.

MARCH 6

King attends Ghana’s

8

King is ordained and appointed assistant pastor at Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta. King graduates from Morehouse College in Atlanta, GA with a B.A. in Sociology.

King graduates from Crozer Theological Seminary in Chester, Pa. with a bachelor of divinity degree, delivering the commencement valedictory address.

King marries Coretta Scott on the front lawn of the Scott home near Marion, Alabama. They eventually have four children.

King begins his pastorate at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama.

King is awarded his doctorate in Systematic Theology from Boston University.

Rosa Parks is arrested for refusing to vacate her seat on a Montgomery, Alabama city bus to make way for a white passenger. Women’s Political Council members distribute thousands of leaflets calling for a one-day boycott of the city’s buses on Monday, 5 December. The Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) is formed. King becomes its president.

While speaking at a mass civil rights meeting, King’s home is bombed. Later King addresses an angry crowd outside the house, pleading for nonviolence.

30

The U.S. Supreme Court affirms Browder v. Gayle and declares Montgomery and Alabama bus segregation laws unconstitutional. King is among the first passengers to ride the city’s newly integrated buses.

King

JUNE 13

King and

King and other civil rights leaders meet with President Dwight D. Eisenhower in Washington.

JUNE 23

During a book signing in Harlem, King is stabbed with a seven-inch letter

by

opener
Izola Ware Curry. He recovers.
delivers his first national address, “Give Us The Ballot,” at the Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.
The Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial is seen with the Washington Monument, in Washington, Monday, Jan. 20, 2020. (AP Photo/Jose Luis Magana)
Dr. Martin Luther King civil rights leader testifying before the Senate Government Operations subcommittee, December 15, 1966. (AP Photo)

IN DR. KING'S LIFE

JANUARY 3

King is named Time Magazine’s “Man of the Year.”

JANUARY 18

B.

Roy

seek support for

JUNE 11

King is arrested and jailed for demanding service at a white-only restaurant in St. Augustine, Florida.

NOVEMBER 18

King visits India, the home of his hero,

Gandhi. King credits his success in civil rights to Gandhi’s passive resistance techniques.

King leaves Montgomery and moves to Atlanta to devote more time to SCLC. He becomes assistant pastor at his father’s church, Ebenezer Baptist Church.

King meets privately in New York with Democratic presidential candidate John F. Kennedy. King later m eets with President Kennedy in 1963, urging him to issue a second Emancipation Proclamation to eliminate racial segregation.

JUNE 23

JANUARY 26

6 King meets Malcolm X in Washington, D.C. for the first and only time.

King’s book, Why We Can’t Wait, is published

Responding to eight Jewish and Christian clergymen’s advice that African Americans wait patiently for justice, King pens his “Letter from Birmingham Jail.”

King delivers his famous “I Have a Dream” speech at The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in Washington, D.C. After the march, King and other civil rights leaders have a White House meeting with President John F. Kennedy and VicePresident Lyndon B. Johnson.

After King criticizes the FBI’s failure to protect civil rights workers, the agency’s director J. Edgar Hoover denounces King as “the most notorious liar in the country.” A week later he states that SCLC is “spearheaded by Communists and moral degenerates.”

10

King receives the Nobel Peace Prize at a ceremony in Oslo, Norway.

King delivers the eulogy at the funerals of Addie Mae Collins, Carol Denise McNair, and Cynthia Dianne Wesley, three of the four children that were killed during the September 15th bombing of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church in Birmingham.

18

U.S. Attorney General Robert Kennedy authorizes the FBI to wiretap King’s home phone.

OCTOBER 10

King and his wife Coretta bring attention to urban poverty and poor housing conditions when they move into an apartment on the Southside of

23

9

In an event known as “Bloody Sunday,” voting rights marchers are beaten at the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama as they attempt to march to Montgomery.

King, John Lewis and 3200 people march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama after a U.S. District judge upholds their right to conduct an orderly demonstration.

King meets with President Lyndon B. Johnson and other leaders about voting rights for blacks.

MARCH 17-25

King publicly opposes the Vietnam War at a mass rally at the Ninth Annual Convention of SCLC in Birmingham.

AUGUST 12

At a New York City gathering of Clergy and Laymen Concerned About Vietnam, King delivers his speech, “Beyond Vietnam,” demanding the U.S. end the war.

King’s book, Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community? , is published.

King announces plans for his Poor People’s Campaign, a mass civil disobedience campaign set for Washington, D.C., to force the government to end poverty.

DECEMBER 4

Mohandas
In Chicago, King meets Nation of Islam leader Elijah Muhammad. King is buried in Atlanta.
President Lyndon
Johnson meets with King,
Wilkins, Whitney Young, and James Farmer to
his War on Poverty initiative.
Chicago.
King is shot and killed in Memphis while standing on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel. Nearly 100,000 people attend his funeral.
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, addresses marchers during his “I Have a Dream” speech at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. Aug. 28, 1963. (AP Photo) APRIL 3
King delivers his final speech, “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop.”

LETTER FROM BIRMINGHAM JAIL

O n April 12, 1963, Dr. King was arrested for campaigning against entrenched Alabama segregationist policies.While in solitary confinement, he wrote a 7,000-word open letter to a group of white clergy who were critical of his campaign. This excerpt of his letter serves as a powerful reminder of the progress made as a nation, yet the work still to be done.

My Dear Fellow Clergymen:

While confined here in the Birmingham city jail, I came across your recent statement calling my present activities “unwise and untimely.”

Seldom do I pause to answer criticism of my work and ideas. If I sought to answer all the criticisms that cross my desk, my secretaries would have little time for anything other than such correspondence in the course of the day, and I would have no time for constructive work. But since I feel that you are men of genuine good will and that your criticisms are sincerely set forth, I want to try to answer your statement in what I hope will be patient and reasonable terms.

I think I should indicate why I am here in Birmingham, since you have been influenced by the view which argues against “outsiders coming in.” I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization operating in every southern state, with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. We have some eighty five affiliated organizations across the South, and one of them is the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights. Frequently we share staff, educational and financial resources with our affiliates. Several months ago the affiliate here in Birmingham asked us to be on call to engage in a nonviolent direct action program if such were deemed necessary. We readily consented, and when the hour came we lived up to our promise. So I, along with several members of my staff, am here because I was invited here. I am here because I have organizational ties here.

But more basically, I am in Birmingham because injustice is here. Just as the prophets of the eighth century B.C. left their villages and carried their “thus saith the Lord” far beyond the boundaries of their hometowns, and just as the Apostle Paul left his village of Tarsus and carried the gospel of Jesus Christ to the far corners of the Greco Roman world, so am I compelled to carry the gospel of freedom beyond my own home town. Like Paul, I must constantly respond to the Macedonian call for aid.

Moreover, I am cognizant of the interrelatedness of all communities and states. I cannot sit idly by in Atlanta and not be concerned about what happens in Birmingham. Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly. Never again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial “outside agitator” idea. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered an outsider anywhere within its bounds…

In any nonviolent campaign there are four basic steps: collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self purification; and direct action. We have gone through all these steps in Birmingham. There can be no gainsaying the fact that racial injustice engulfs this community. Birmingham is probably the most thoroughly segregated city in the United States. Its ugly record of brutality is widely known. Negroes have experienced grossly unjust treatment in the courts. There have been more unsolved bombings of Negro homes and churches in Birmingham than in any other city in the nation. These are the hard, brutal facts of the case. On the basis of these conditions, Negro leaders sought to negotiate with the city fathers. But the latter consistently refused to engage in good faith negotiation…

You may well ask: “Why direct action? Why sit ins, marches and so forth? Isn't negotiation a better path?” You are quite right in calling for negotiation. Indeed, this is the very purpose of direct action. Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such a crisis and foster such a tension that a community which has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issue. It seeks so to dramatize the issue that it can no longer be ignored…

One of the basic points in your statement is that the action that I and my associates have taken in Birmingham is untimely. Some have asked: “Why didn’t you give the new city administration time to act?” …My friends, I must say to you that we have not made a single gain in civil rights without determined legal and nonviolent pressure…

We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed. Frankly, I have yet to engage in a direct action campaign that was “well timed” in the view of those who have not suffered unduly from the disease of segregation. For years now I have heard the word “Wait!” It rings in the ear of every Negro with piercing familiarity. This

“ “ We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed… — MLK

“Wait” has almost always meant “Never.” We must come to see, with one of our distinguished jurists, that "justice too long delayed is justice denied."

We have waited for more than 340 years for our constitutional and God given rights. The nations of Asia and Africa are moving with jetlike speed toward gaining political independence, but we still creep at horse and buggy pace toward gaining a cup of coffee at a lunch counter.

Perhaps it is easy for those who have never felt the stinging darts of segregation to say, “Wait.”

But when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim; when you have seen hate filled policemen curse, kick and

There comes a time when the cup of endurance runs over, and men are no longer willing to be plunged into the abyss of despair. I hope, sirs, you can understand our legitimate and unavoidable impatience.

You express a great deal of anxiety over our willingness to break laws. This is certainly a legitimate concern…, at first glance it may seem rather paradoxical for us consciously to break laws. One may well ask: “How can you advocate breaking some laws and obeying others?” The answer lies in the fact that there are two types of laws: just and unjust. I would be the first to advocate obeying just laws. One has not only a legal but a moral responsibility to obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. I would agree with St. Augustine that “an unjust law is no law at all.”…

even kill your black brothers and sisters; when you see the vast majority of your twenty million Negro brothers smothering in an airtight cage of poverty in the midst of an affluent society; when you suddenly find your tongue twisted and your speech stammering as you seek to explain to your six year old daughter why she can't go to the public amusement park that has just been advertised on television, and see tears welling up in her eyes when she is told that Funtown is closed to colored children, and see ominous clouds of inferiority beginning to form in her little mental sky, and see her beginning to distort her personality by developing an unconscious bitterness toward white people; when you have to concoct an answer for a five year old son who is asking: "Daddy, why do white people treat colored people so mean?"; when you take a cross county drive and find it necessary to sleep night after night in the uncomfortable corners of your automobile because no motel will accept you; when you are humiliated day in and day out by nagging signs reading "white" and "colored"; when your first name becomes "nigger," your middle name becomes "boy" (however old you are) and your last name becomes "John," and your wife and mother are never given the respected title "Mrs."; when you are harried by day and haunted by night by the fact that you are a Negro, living constantly at tiptoe stance, never quite knowing what to expect next, and are plagued with inner fears and outer resentments; when you are forever fighting a degenerating sense of "nobodiness"--then you will understand why we find it difficult to wait.

We should never forget that everything Adolf Hitler did in Germany was “legal” and everything the Hungarian freedom fighters did in Hungary was “illegal.” It was “illegal” to aid and comfort a Jew in Hitler’s Germany. Even so, I am sure that, had I lived in Germany at the time, I would have aided and comforted my Jewish brothers. If today I lived in a Communist country where certain principles dear to the Christian faith are suppressed, I would openly advocate disobeying that country’s antireligious laws.

I must make two honest confessions to you, my Christian and Jewish brothers. First, I must confess that over the past few years I have been gravely disappointed with the white moderate. I have almost reached the regrettable conclusion that the Negro’s great stumbling block in his stride toward freedom is not the White Citizen’s Counciler or the Ku Klux Klanner, but the white moderate, who is more devoted to “order” than to justice; who prefers a negative peace which is the absence of tension to a positive peace which is the presence of jus-tice; who constantly says: “I agree with you in the goal you seek, but I cannot agree with your methods of direct action.”…

I had hoped that the white moderate would understand that law and order exist for the purpose of establishing justice and that when they fail in this purpose they become the dangerously structured dams that block the flow of social progress…

In your statement you assert that our actions, even though peaceful, must be condemned because they precipitate violence. But is this a logical assertion? Isn’t this like condemning a robbed man because his possession of money

Above: 1963 March on Washington (NARA). PHOTO: National Archive.

precipitated the evil act of robbery? …We must come to see that, as the federal courts have consistently affirmed, it is wrong to urge an individual to cease his efforts to gain his basic constitutional rights because the quest may precipitate violence. Society must protect the robbed and punish the robber.

…We will have to repent in this generation not merely for the hateful words and actions of the bad people but for the appalling silence of the good people.

…Perhaps the South, the nation and the world are in dire need of creative extremists.

I had hoped that the white moderate would see this need. Perhaps I was too optimistic; perhaps I expected too much. I suppose I should have realized that few members of the oppressor race can understand the deep groans and passionate yearnings of the oppressed race, and still fewer have the vision to see that injustice must be rooted out by strong, persistent and determined action. I am thankful, however, that some of our white brothers in the South have grasped the meaning of this social revolution and committed themselves to it…

When I was suddenly catapulted into the leadership of the bus protest in Montgomery, Alabama, a few years ago, I felt we would be supported by the white church. I felt that the white ministers, priests and rabbis of the South would be among our strongest allies. Instead, some have been outright opponents, refusing to understand the freedom movement and misrepresenting its leaders; all too many others have been more cautious than courageous and have remained silent behind the anesthetizing security of stained glass windows.

In spite of my shattered dreams, I came to Birmingham with the hope that the white religious leadership of this community would see the justice of our cause and, with deep moral concern, would serve as the channel through which our just grievances could reach the power structure. I had hoped that each of you would understand. But again I have been disappointed…

On sweltering summer days and crisp autumn mornings I have looked at the South’s beautiful churches with their lofty spires pointing heavenward. I have beheld the impressive outlines of her massive religious education buildings. Over and over I have found myself asking: “What kind of people worship here? Who is their God? Where were their voices when the lips of Governor Barnett dripped with words of interposition and nullification? Where were they when Governor Wallace gave a clarion call for defiance and hatred? Where were their voices of support when bruised and weary Negro men and women decided to rise from the dark dungeons of complacency to the bright hills of creative protest?” Yes, these questions are still in my mind. In deep disappointment I have wept over the laxity of the church. But be assured that my tears have been tears of love. There can be no deep disappointment

where there is not deep love. Yes, I love the church. Yes, I see the church as the body of Christ. But, oh! How we have blemished and scarred that body through social neglect and through fear of being nonconformists…

…I am thankful to God that some noble souls from the ranks of organized religion have broken loose from the paralyzing chains of conformity and joined us as active partners in the struggle for freedom… They have carved a tunnel of hope through the dark mountain of disappointment.

Before closing I feel impelled to mention one other point in your statement that has troubled me profoundly. You warmly commended the Birmingham police force for keeping “order” and “preventing violence.” I doubt that you would have so warmly commended the police force if you had seen its dogs sinking their teeth into unarmed, nonviolent Negroes. I doubt that you would so quickly commend the policemen if you were to observe their ugly and inhumane treatment of Negroes here in the city jail; if you were to watch them push and curse old Negro women and young Negro girls; if you were to see them slap and kick old Negro men and young boys; if you were to observe them, as they did on two occasions, refuse to give us food because we wanted to sing our grace together. I cannot join you in your praise of the Birmingham police department.

It is true that the police have exercised a degree of discipline in handling the demonstrators. In this sense they have conducted themselves rather “nonviolently” in public. But for what purpose? To preserve the evil system of segregation…

I wish you had commended the Negro sit inners and demonstrators of Birmingham for their sublime courage, their willingness to suffer and their amazing discipline in the midst of great provocation. One day the South will recognize its real heroes…

If I have said anything in this letter that overstates the truth and indicates an unreasonable impatience, I beg you to forgive me. If I have said anything that understates the truth and indicates my having a patience that allows me to settle for anything less than brotherhood, I beg God to forgive me.

I hope this letter finds you strong in the faith. I also hope that circumstances will soon make it possible for me to meet each of you, not as an integrationist or a civil-rights leader but as a fellow clergyman and a Christian brother. Let us all hope that the

Martin Luther King Jr. Celebrating Dr. King’s legacy of service and social change

MLK JR. DAY 1/20/25

Yours for the cause of Peace and Brotherhood, Martin Luther King, Jr.

dark clouds of racial prejudice will soon pass away and the deep fog of misunderstanding will be lifted from our fear drenched communities, and in some not too distant tomorrow the radiant stars of love and brotherhood will shine over our great nation with all their scintillating beauty.

Give Us the Ballot

Delivered at the Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom gathering at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.

May 17, 1957

– Nearly twenty thousand people listened while King and other national civil rights leaders exhorted the president and Congress to fulfill the promise of Brown v. the Board of Education, embodied in the proposed Voting Rights Act.

Three years ago the Supreme Court of this nation rendered in simple, eloquent, and unequivocal language a decision which will long be stenciled on the mental sheets of succeeding generations. For all men of goodwill, this May seventeenth decision came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of human captivity. It came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of disinherited people throughout the world who had dared only to dream of freedom. Unfortunately, this noble and sublime decision has not gone without opposition. This opposition has often risen to ominous proportions. Many states have risen up in open defiance. The legislative halls of the South ring loud with such words as “interposition” and “nullification.”

But even more, all types of conniving methods are still being used to prevent Negroes from becoming registered voters. The denial of this sacred right is a tragic betrayal of the highest mandates of our democratic tradition.

And so our most urgent request to the president of the United States and every member of Congress is to give us the right to vote.

Give us the ballot, and we will no longer have to worry the federal government about our basic rights. Give us the ballot, and we will no longer plead to the federal government for passage of an anti-lynching law; we will by the power of our vote write the law on the statute books of the South and bring an end to the dastardly acts of the hooded perpetrators of violence. Give us the ballot, and we will transform the salient misdeeds of bloodthirsty mobs into the

calculated good deeds of orderly citizens. Give us the ballot, and we will fill our legislative halls with men of goodwill and send to the sacred halls of Congress men who will not sign a “Southern Manifesto” because of their devotion to the manifesto of justice. Give us the ballot, and we will place judges on the benches of the south who will do justly and love mercy, and we will place at the head of the southern states governors who have felt not only the tang of the human, but the glow of the Divine. Give us the ballot, and we will quietly and nonviolently, without rancor or bitterness, implement the Supreme Court’s decision of May seventeenth, 1954.

In this juncture of our nation’s history, there is an urgent need for dedicated and courageous leadership. If we are to solve the problems ahead and make racial justice a reality, this leadership must be fourfold. First, there is need for strong, aggressive leadership from the federal government.

A second area in which there is need for strong leadership is from the white northern liberals. There is a dire need today for a liberalism which is truly liberal. What we are witnessing today in so many northern communities is a sort of quasi-liberalism which is based on the principle of looking sympathetically at all sides. It is a liberalism so bent on seeing all sides, that it fails to become committed to either side. It is a liberalism that is so objectively analytical that it is not subjectively committed. It is a liberalism which is neither hot nor cold, but lukewarm.

A third source that we must look to for strong leadership is from the moderates of the white South. It is unfortunate that at this time the leadership of the white South stems from the close-minded reactionaries. These persons gain prominence and power by the dissemination of false ideas and by deliberately appealing to

the deepest hate responses within the human mind. It is my firm belief that this close-minded, reactionary, recalcitrant group constitutes a numerical minority.

We must work passionately and unrelentingly for the goal of freedom, but we must be sure that our hands are clean in the struggle. We must never struggle with falsehood, hate, or malice. We must never become bitter.

There is another warning signal. We talk a great deal about our rights, and rightly so. We proudly proclaim that three-fourths of the peoples of the world are colored. We have the privilege of noticing in our generation the great drama of freedom and independence as it unfolds in Asia and Africa. All of these things are in line with the unfolding work of Providence.

We must also avoid the temptation of being victimized with a psychology of victors. We have won marvelous victories. We have been able to do some of the most amazing things of this generation. But we must not, however, remain satisfied with a court victory over our white brothers.We must respond to every decision with an understanding of those who have opposed us and with an appreciation of the difficult adjustments that the court orders pose

for them. I conclude by saying that each of us must keep faith in the future. Let us not despair. Let us realize that as we struggle for justice and freedom, we have cosmic companionship. There is something in our faith that says to us, “Never despair; never give up; never feel that the cause of righteousness and justice is doomed.” There is something in our Christian faith, at the center of it, which says to us that Good Friday may occupy the throne for a day, but ultimately it must give way to the triumphant beat of the drums of Easter.

When the history books are written in the future, the historians will have to look back and say, “There lived a great people. A people with ‘fleecy locks and black complexion,’ but a people who injected new meaning into the veins of civilization; a people which stood up with dignity and honor and saved Western civilization in her darkest hour; a people that gave new integrity and a new dimension of love to our civilization.” When that happens, “the morning stars will sing together, and the sons of God will shout for joy.”

SOURCE: www.CivilRightsDigitalLibrary.com

JANUARY 20

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and his wife, Coretta Scott King, lead off the final lap to the state capitol at Montgomery, Ala., on March 25, 1965.
Thousands of civil rights marchers joined in the walk, which began in Selma, Ala., on March 21, demanding voter registration rights for blacks.
Rev. D.F. Reese, of Selma, is at right. (AP Photo)

King’s Nobel Peace Prize ACCEPTANCE SPEECH

D r. King stated, "This Nobel Prize was won by a movement of great people, whose discipline, wise restraint, and majestic courage has led them down a nonviolent course in seeking to establish a reign of justice and a rule of love across this nation of ours: Herbert Lee, Fannie Lou Hamer, Medgar Evers, Chaney, Goodman and Schwerner, and the thousands of children in Birmingham, Albany, St. Augustine, and Savannah who had accepted physical blows and jail and had discovered that the power of the soul is greater than the might of violence. These unknown thousands had given this movement the international acclaim, which we received from the Norwegian Parliament."

December 10, 1964 - University of Oslo in Oslo, Norway. At the age of thirty-five, Dr. King received the Nobel Prize “for his non-violent struggle for civil rights for the Afro-American population.” The prestigious award propelled the modern American Civil Rights Movement onto the global stage.

Iaccept the Nobel Prize for Peace at a moment when 22 million Negroes of the United States of America are engaged in a creative battle to end the long night of racial injustice. I am mindful that only yesterday in Birmingham, Alabama, our children were answered with fire hoses, snarling dogs and even death. I am mindful that only yesterday in Philadelphia, Mississippi, young people were brutalized and murdered. And only yesterday more than 40 houses of worship in the State of Mississippi alone were bombed or burned because they offered a sanctuary to those who would not accept segregation.

Therefore, I must ask why this prize is awarded to a movement which is beleaguered and committed to unrelenting s truggle; to a movement which has not won the very peace and brotherhood which is the essence of the Nobel Prize. After contemplation, I conclude that this award is a profound recognition that nonviolence is the answer to the crucial political and moral question of our time – the need for man to overcome oppression and violence without resorting to violence and oppression. Negroes of the United States have demonstrated that nonviolence is

force which makes for social transformation. Sooner or later all the people of the world will have to discover a way to live together in peace. If this is to be achieved, man must evolve for all human conflict a method which rejects revenge, aggression and retaliation. The foundation of such a method is love.

I accept this award today with an abiding

the future of mankind. I refuse to accept despair as the final response to the ambiguities of history. I refuse to accept the idea that the “isness” of man’s present nature makes him morally incapable of reaching up for the eternal “oughtness” that forever confronts him. I refuse to accept the idea that man is mere flotsom and jetsom in the river of life, unable to influence the unfolding events

view that mankind is so tragically bound to the starless midnight of racism and war that the bright daybreak of peace and brotherhood can never become a reality.

I believe that unarmed truth and unconditional love will have the final word in reality. I believe that even amid today’s mortar bursts and whining bullets, there is still hope for a brighter tomorrow. I believe that wounded justice can be lifted from this dust of shame. I have the audacity to believe that people everywhere can have three meals a day for their bodies, education and culture for their minds, and dignity, equality and freedom for their spirits. I believe that what self-centered men have torn down men other-centered can build up. I still believe that We Shall overcome! This faith can give us courage to face the uncertainties of the future. It will give our tired feet new strength as we continue our forward stride toward the city of freedom. When our days become dreary with low-hovering clouds and our nights become darker than a thousand midnights, we will know that we are living in the creative turmoil of a genuine civilization struggling to be born.

Today I come to Oslo as a trustee, inspired and with renewed dedication to humanity. I accept this prize on behalf of all men who love peace and brotherhood. I say I come as a trustee, for in the depths of my heart I am aware that this prize is much more than an honor to me personally.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of the Interior and Les Prix Nobel en 1964, Editor Göran Liljestrand, [Nobel

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. shakes the hand of King Olav of Norway at a ceremony in Oslo, Norway. PHOTO: National Park Service

D r. Martin Luther King, Jr. has been celebrated visually in many ways, but one of the most creative has been with carefully curated murals in San Diego. With the aid of the City of San Diego and various grants for creative endeavors, a number of local artists have been given the opportunity to immortalize MLK with artwork throughout the city.

EUCLID AVENUE OFF I-15 AND MLK JR. HWY

The most notable of these murals is the “Power to the People” visual located between Interstate 15 and Euclid Avenue off of Highway 94, also known as “MLK Jr. Hwy”. The mural was created by Phillip Matzigkeit in 2005 and spans almost 20 feet

high and 225 feet long. The mural highlights MLK in three segments, one of them capturing his “I Have A Dream” speech.

The significance of the particular location of this mural is large as it comes after a history of controversy surrounding renaming California Highway 94 to MLK Jr Fwy. In Spring of 1986, the San Diego City Council voted against a name change for Highway 94. Instead they voted to change Market

Street to Martin Luther King Way and a little over a year later, local voters pivoted on their decision in a referendum that restored the Market Street name. The city went back and forth deciding whether MLK should be honored with a statue in Balboa Park, by adding his name on the Convention Center, or by pushing to have the name of the Highway changed yet again.

Eventually, Assemblyman Pete Chacon and State Senator Wadie P. Deddeh pushed for the renaming of Highway 94 and the Legislature approved the request with the provision that private donations would be needed to pay for the new signage. It was then that The Martin Luther King Jr. Freeway Committee was formed to raise funds for these efforts.

TOGETHER IN HEALTH: COMPASSIONATE

BARRIO LOGAN

Two more of the notable murals dedicated to MLK in San Diego are located near Barrio Logan. One of them is on the corner of 32nd Street and Imperial Avenue and features a number of famous activists, including Martin Luther King Jr. The mural was originally created in 1986 and was restored in 2002 by well known artist Mario Torero who has completed a number of well known murals throughout San Diego. Torero took a grassroots approach to restoring the mural with the help of a GoFundMe campaign and a few local supporters and friends.

OCEAN VIEW BLVD AND 35TH STREET

The third mural highlighting Martin Luther King Jr. is located between the intersection of Ocean View Boulevard and 35th Street and was created by artist Rik Erickson who has also completed a number of murals in San Diego. His visual dedication to Martin Luther King Jr. was commissioned by the City of San Diego Graffiti Division.

NATIONAL CITY

As previously mentioned, artist Mario Terero is known for several of his murals throughout the city. His second mural of Martin Luther King Jr. can be found on one of four panels mounted on the exterior of the San Ysidro Health-South Bay Health Center located at 330 E. Eighth St. in National City. The vibrant colors and elevated surface of the panel give this particular mural extra flair which is perfect for its prime location. Terero completed the mural with the help of Blue Shield of California Promise Health Plan which provided a $15,000 sponsorship to local nonprofit ‘A Reason To Survive’ to purchase supplies and commission an artist.

OAK PARK

The last and arguably most hidden mural of MLK in San Diego is locat ed in Oak Park at Redwood and 54th street behind on the backside of a business. The mural was created by David Mena as a way to honor the late civil rights activist and to restore the building which had been vandalized several times in the past. The mural was completed in 2021 and has not been vandalized since its completion.

Remembering the contributions Martin Luther King Jr. made to society and the Civil Rights movement are important. Seeing him immortalized in the form of art in some of the most culture rich areas in San Diego is a nice reminder of how far equality has come with the help of great leaders like Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

A Review of the Struggle to Name Something After Dr. King

The naming process of San Diego’s Martin Luther King Jr. Way—the western portion of Interstate 5 beginning in downtown San Diego through Spring Valley—was not one that necessarily had the best interests of the Black community at heart.

The selection to use the interstate as San Diego’s was a result of a two year contentious debate surrounding Black community leaders and white business owners in Downtown San Diego during the ‘80s.

LA Times journalist Ralph Frammolino at the time named the overpass “a focal point of an ideological and political battle” with “overtones of racism.”

For some, forty years later that sentiment still remains true.

The Debate Begins

The story goes back to December 1985 when Coretta Scott King came to visit The

San Diego Educational Cultural Complex. During her address, Mrs. King called upon San Diegans to advocate for worldwide peace in commemoration of her late husband’s birthday.

Michel Anderson was serving as the chair of the Martin Luther King State Holiday Commission at the time. “Anybody who was anybody came out,” he said of the turnout of the event. The nation would go on to celebrate the first annual Martin Luther King federal holiday one month later in January ‘86.

Based on Anderson’s account, these two events kicked off the debate for how “America’s Finest City” would individually honor King.

First, former City Manager Slyvester Murray, nominated a five-mile stretch off Euclid Avenue and 54th Street to be named after King, notably because it cut through an area known for its diverse ethnic population. Many residents rejected this proposal however as a larger objection to King’s tactics and mission.

Under pressure, the council set aside Murray’s recommendation.

Back to the Drawing Board

Having to pivot, San Diego City Council voted in April ‘86 to rename Market Street to Martin Luther King Jr. Way. But once again, business owners and residents along Market Street vehemently opposed and launched a grassroot “Keep Market Street Initiative” in an effort to overturn the city council decision, also known as Proposition F.

According to Todd Firotto, a leader of the Keep Market Street Initiative, preserving the "history" and "heritage" of the street were the primary motivations behind the opposition campaigns.

“Don’t kill somebody else’s heritage for the sake of his (King’s),” Firotto

said. “He wouldn’t want that.”

Additional concerns included the expenses involved in updating addresses on checks and invoices.

But, Black community leaders branded their initiative as racially motivated, and a “slap in the face to King.”

“They can sugar-coat it any way they want to, but what they are saying is, ‘Dr. King was a great person who should be honored as long as it’s not in my neighborhood.” the late Willie Morrow said.

Vowing to fight against the measure, a counter campaign was formulated called “Keep MLK Jr. Way.”

The Legacy of King in the Hands of Voters

Thrusting the city into a racially and politically divisive debate, the issue was put on the Novemmber ‘87 ballot for residents to ultimately decide.

Pro-King forces backed by the San Diego Urban League and the Baptist Ministers Union of San Diego sponsored a downtown march, and advertised their “Say No to Prop. F” initiative in minority newspa -

pers, including The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint

American singer, actor, and civil rights activist Harry Belafonte also joined in the movement, starring in a commercial where he urged viewers

REMEMBERING DR. KING

32nd Street and Imperial Avenue activist mural
MLK mural at South Bay Health Center located at
MLK mural in Oak Park at Redwood and 54th
PHOTOS: Aryka Randall
Martin Luther King sign being replaced in San Diego,,1989. PHOTO: Vince Compagnone, San Diego Free Press
Ocean View Boulevard and 35th
mural

How Dr. King's Legacy Continued: The Impact of His Children Today

Yolanda Denise King Martin Luther King III

Born on November 17, 1955, Yolanda Denise King was an activist, actress, and the eldest child of civil rights leaders Martin Luther King Jr. and Coretta Scott King. Growing up in Montgomery, Alabama, during the height of the civil rights movement, she witnessed significant events, including the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the bombing of her family’s Birmingham home.

Yolanda graduated from Smith College with a degree in theater and African American studies, later earning an MFA from New York University. Through acting, she promoted themes of equality and peace, portraying figures like Rosa Parks and participating in films like Ghosts of Mississippi.

Yolanda passed away on May 15, 2007, at age 51, leaving a legacy of artistic activism.

Dexter Scott King

Born on January 30, 1961, Dexter Scott King was the second son of Martin Luther King Jr. and Coretta Scott King. An activist, author, and filmmaker, Dexter passed away on January 22, 2024, following a battle with cancer.

Dexter played a significant role as chair of The King Center, an institution established by Coretta Scott King to preserve the legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. During his tenure, he focused on modernizing the center and promoting its mission to educate others about nonviolence.

Though he did not complete his studies at Morehouse College, Dexter dedicated his life to promoting nonviolence, authoring Growing Up King, and producing documentaries on civil rights. He also advocated for animal rights and veganism. His contributions to civil rights discussions and his father’s teachings remain impactful.

Born on October 23, 1957, Martin Luther King III is the eldest son of Martin Luther King Jr. and Coretta Scott King. A human rights advocate, King III works to advance his parents’ legacy of nonviolence and equality. Growing up during the civil rights movement, he experienced his father’s assassination at age 10.

King III graduated from Morehouse College with a degree in political science. As president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (1997–2004), he promoted voter rights, gun control, and poverty alleviation. He founded nonprofit organization Realizing the Dream to carry on the legacy of his parents carrying out initiatives on both the domestic and international level and continues to advocate for justice globally. He lives with his wife, Arndrea Waters King, and their daughter, Yolanda Renee King.

Born on March 28, 1963, Bernice Albertine King is the youngest child of Martin Luther King Jr. and Coretta Scott King. An attorney, minister, and activist, Bernice is CEO of The King Center, leading its modernization since 2012.

A graduate of Spelman College, Bernice holds degrees in divinity and law from Emory University. She launched initiatives like “Nonviolence365,” training individuals in conflict resolution and social change. Despite family disputes over Martin Luther King Jr.’s estate, Bernice’s leadership inspires efforts for a peaceful, equitable world, continuing her parents’ vision for justice and nonviolence.

STRUGGLE:

Continued from page 13

to “Vote no on Prop.F” to avoid a “slap in the face” to memory of King.

Despite their efforts, up to 80,000 signatures supported the removal of MLK’s name tribute from Market Street; ultimately nullifying the City Council's decision the year prior.

“It was very clear that the proposition was going to pass because people disagreed with the process used and they also wanted to protect the tradition of Market Street,” said former Mayor at the time, Maureen O’ Connor.

The tribute to Dr. King in down town San Diego lasted for thirteen months. In addition, San Diego had become the second city in the nation at the time where residents over turned and rejected a memorial for Dr. King.

“Quite simply, the decision by San Diego voters was shameful. It’s embarrassing to look back on now and frankly the majority of San Diegans should have recognized it was an embarrassment at the time,” wrote Charles T. Clark, in a 2021 UT op-ed.

Over the next two years, the city dabbled with finding more suitable options for finding a tribute to honor the legacy of King. From the Black community, the most appropriate alternative to Market Street was to name the convention center–under construction at the time—after the late civil rights leader. But once again, that was rejected in a 4-3 vote by the Board of Port Commissioners.

Since San Diego couldn't make a decision on its own, state leaders intervened and proposed a resolution to rename the western

Swift replacement was urged by the city coun cil and community members to find a “big ger” and “better” tribute to Dr. King some where in the city.

“TO REPUDIATE THE CITY COUNCIL ACTION IS TO REPUDIATE THOSE PRINCIPLES DR. KING WAS DEVOTED TO.” Commentary signed in a press release by the San Diego Imperial Counties Labor Council in 1987.

Same Story, Different Chapter
portion of California 94 to MLK Jr. Freeway. Even though the freeway alternative wasn't a widely favored option by San Diego's Black community, it received approval in September 1989, and the signage and freeway pass have persisted to this day.
Western Portion of California 94, named MLK Jr Freeway in 1989. PHOTO: Aryka Randall/Voice & Viewpoint
Bernice Albertine King
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and his wife, Coretta Scott King, sit with three of their four children in their Atlanta, Ga, home, on March 17, 1963. From left are: Martin Luther King III, 5, Dexter Scott, 2, and Yolanda Denise, 7. (AP Photo)

Tributes to Dr. King From Around the World

Inspiring Justice Everywhere

S tatues and monuments honoring Martin Luther King Jr. are found around the world, reflecting on his global impact as a symbol of peace, justice, and civil rights. These statues and memorials are tangible reminders of Dr.King’s universal appeal, as each location reflects the reach of his message beyond America, touching hearts and minds across diverse cultures and communities. Here are some notable ones:

A Martin Luther King Jr. stands in Westminster Abbey above the Abbey’s

West

placed in the Modern Martyrs

honoring him as a global figure of justice.

A tree grove in Merrion

Park includes a plaque commemorating Martin Luther King Jr. and his efforts for peace and equality.

A civil rights plaque and statue celebrate Martin Luther King's honorary degree from Newcastle University in 1967.

1. London, England
Great
Door,
section,
2. Dublin, Ireland
Square
3. Wassenaar, Netherlands
A statue of Martin Luther King stands in the International Park of Wassenaar, near The Hague, initially placed without permission, symbolizing his global message of peace.
4. Bono Manso, Ghana
The Martin Luther King Jr. Monument is located, in Bono East, Ghana. A bronze bust will be added to celebrate his 1957 visit during the country’s independence celebrations.
5. Havana, Cuba
A park in Havana includes a tribute to Martin Luther King, recognizing his influence on civil rights and social justice worldwide.
PHOTOS: Public Domain
1. Austin, Texas
A bronze statue at the University of Texas at Austin celebrates King’s contributions to civil rights.
2. Washington, D.C.
Located in the National Mall, this prominent memorial features a massive statue of Dr. King carved out of stone, titled "Stone of Hope," surrounded by inscriptions of his quotes.
3. Atlanta, Georgia
While not a statue, the King Center features a memorial with a reflecting pool and the tombs of Dr. King and his wife, Mrs. Coretta Scott King.
4. Seattle, Washington
This park features a sculpture that honors Dr. King and his legacy.
Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial
Martin Luther King Jr. Monument Park
Martin Luther King Jr. Monument Parque Martin Luther King Martin Luther King Park Statue
King Center Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Park
Martin Luther King Jr. Statue
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Statue
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Statue
6. Newcastle upon Tyne, England

King’s Historic San Diego Speech

“Remaining Awake Through a Great Revolution”

M ay 29, 1964 - Delivered in San Diego, CA at Point Loma Nazarene University to a crowd of nearly 3,500. At the time, San Diego was known as the “Mississippi of the West.” The phrase was coined by San Diego’s long-standing District 4 Councilman, Reverend Dr. George Stevens, who was also a former CORE chair and NAACP president; and Dr. Carrol W. Waymon, founder of the San Diego State College Black History Department:

he great challenge facing every man and every woman today is to remain awake through this great social revolution... Somewhere we must come to see that human progress never rolls in on the wheels of inevitability. It comes through the tireless efforts and the persistent work of dedicated individuals who are willing to be

co-workers with God...

It may be true that morality cannot be legislated, but behavior can be regulated. It may be true that the law cannot change the heart but it can restrain the heartless. It may be true that the law can’t make a man love me, but it can restrain him from lynching me.

“ “ And so, while the law may not change the hearts of men, it does change the habits of men. — MLK

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr FACT vs FICTION

King abandoned nonviolence in his last years

Dr. King consistently advocated for nonviolence throughout his life, viewing it as the most effective strategy for achieving social justice. In the years leading up to his death Rev. Lewis Baldwin, a historian on King says “he was looking for more radical means of nonviolence” such as stopping traffic and having demonstrators tie themselves to pillars of congress, “but he never gave up on nonviolence,” Baldwin asserts.

King was a Republican

Dr. King did not publicly endorse any political party. While his father, Martin Luther King, Sr., was briefly a Republican, Dr. King focused on policies and actions rather than party affiliations, often criticizing both Democrats and Republicans for their shortcomings on civil rights.

King’s first name is Martin

In 1934, after visiting Germany and becoming inspired by Protestant Reformation leader Martin Luther, Michael King, Sr. changed his own name to Martin Luther King,Sr. and changed his fiveyear-old son's name to Martin Luther King, Jr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s original birth certificate states his name at birth as Michael King.

King believed in “colorblindess”

While Dr. King dreamed of a future where character mattered more than skin color, he acknowledged the deep complexities of race and systemic inequalities. King was solemn and serious all the time

Those close to the leader knew King’s lively and humorous side—he loved soul food, R&B music, and loved telling jokes, earning him a reputation as the comedian of the civil rights movement among his inner circle.

*Sources contributed to this article include CNN and The Wash ington Post.

CHURCH DIRECTORY

A LOOK BACK: PAST

H

ighlights from past parades and community celebrations are included here, along with a Luther King, Jr. Parade written by the late Dr Robert Matthews, who gave more than 30

PAST MLK PARADES

history of the Annual Dr. Martin 30 years of leadership to the event.

THE LOCAL MLK PARADE History in San Diego

43rd Annual Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Parade

MLK DAY PARADE ROUTE–Information

Sunday, January 19th, 2025 at 11:00 AM Harbor Drive - Pacific Hwy near Embassy Suites Harbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92101

Celebrate the legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on Harbor Drive for the 43rd Annual Martin Luther King Jr. Parade! This parade is coordinated by San Diego’s Zeta Sigma Lambda Chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc., the oldest African American fraternity in America, founded in 1906. The seven men who founded Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc. at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York recognized the need for a strong bond of Brotherhood among African descendants in this country. Dr. King was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha.

PARADE PROCESSION 11AM - 1PM

1. Begin staging parade and 5k at Grape and Harbor Dr. - Ash St.

2. Parade to continue Southbound on Harbor Dr.

3. Parade will turn right on Pacific Hwy, going south.

4. Parade will disband on Pacific Hwy near Embassy Suites. For more information, visit https://www. sandiegoalphas.com/ mlk-parade .

By the Late Dr. Robert Matthews

Added notes by Dr. John E. Warren

The Martin Luther King, Jr. Parade in San Diego started in 1980 at the Knox Elementary School on 49th Street. It was organized by Dr. Francine Wells. This was before there was a Martin Luther King, Jr. holiday or even a desire in San Diego to name a street after Dr. King, as so many other cities had done. The Knox Elementary School parade, which started on the school playground, was led by Dr. Goodwin, then Superintendent of Schools for San Diego.

In 1981, a committee was formed to continue the parade. It was funded by the National Christian Foundation until 1985. It was in 1986 that the Alpha Phi Fraternity took on the responsibility of coordinating the parade. Dr. Carol Reeves and Dr. Robert are the only original Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity brothers who remain on the Parade Committee.

Prior to the creation of the Martin Luther King, Jr. National holiday, all parades of significance in San Diego were held on Broadway. As a means of validating Dr. King, the Parade moved from the community route which had grown to include 47th St., Imperial Avenue to Euclid Avenue and Euclid Avenue to Logan to downtown Broadway.

After the establishment of the Federal Holiday in honor of Dr. King, all parades downtown were moved to Harbor Drive, with the exception of the King Parade. The initial reason was that the other parades took place during the week and did not interfere with cruise ship schedules as the industry began to grow in San Diego. The King Parade ended up marching around Petco Park’s Parking lot, w hich was a disgrace to many. After more talks with the San Diego Port Authority, it was agreed that the parade could take place on Harbor Drive on Sunday afternoons until this day.

2025 Martin Luther King Jr. Neighborhood Parade

MLK DAY PARADE INFORMATION

Saturday, January 25th, 2025 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM

Valencia Park Elementary School, near the intersection of Valencia Parkway and Skyline Drive. The parade will end at the MLK Park and Recreation Center at 6401 Skyline Drive, where there will be a celebration to honor Dr. King’s life and legacy.

PARADE ROUTE

OBITUARIES

Jimmy Ray Bertha Mae

Jackson Sr.

SUNRISE 04/14/1954 SUNSET 12/15/2024

Jimmy Ray Jackson was born to George Jackson and Velma McCullough on April 14, 1954, in San Diego, CA. Jimmy grew up in Frontier (Point Loma) and attended Frontier Elementary before moving to Southeast San Diego, where he attended Valencia Park Elementary, Gompers Middle, and O’Farrell High School.

Jimmy welcomed Christ into his life early, attending Mt. Erie church under Rev. L.H Haywood, where he was baptized with his brothers in 1962. Jimmy participated in the Youth Choir and Youth Usher Board. In his adult years, he would join Blessed Assurance Church as a member and Deacon.

At a young age, Jimmy found a passion for sports and became a record setting all star player in Pop Warner Football, “Merchants” South Crest Little League, and Jackie Robinson Pony League. In his teenage years, he continued on to set records in baseball, football, and track and field for the one and only Lincoln High (c/o 1972). In 1971, on the same football field, is where he would meet the love of his life, Linda Allen. From that very day, they would fall in everlasting love and happily marry on September 24, 1976. That unconditional love created three children.

In his adult years, he would work for National Steel Ship Building Co., Rohr Industries, and San Diego Unified Schools, where he retired in 2017. Jimmy loved cooking, gardening, fishing and sight-seeing, his sports teams: Raiders and Padres, and of course his music; The Dramatics, The Stylistics & The Whispers to name a few. Jimmy valued any time spent his family and friends. He would always spread unlimited knowledge, life experiences and laughter to those around him.

On Sunday December 15, 2024, at 6:00pm, Jimmy departed his temporary home and arrived at Heavens Gates.

He was welcomed home by his loving parents; Velma and George, brother Ronnie, and nephew Eddie.

Jimmy is survived by his beloved wife of 53 years Linda Jackson, siblings; Lawrence Jackson, Gloria Bailey, and Edwin Jackson Sr., sister in laws; Dolores Jackson and Brenda Jackson, children; Camesha Craig (Walter), Jimmy Jackson Jr. (Dwaynitta), and Dainnese Jackson, grandchildren; Dontaye Craig, Shardé Edwards, Jamauri Jackson, Keontaye Craig, twins Jimmy lll and Daybrielle Jackson, and Dalaysia Jackson, two great-granddaughters; Tiana Williams and Kylie Craig, his King family, and a host of family and friends.

The Lord is close to the brokenhearted and saves those who are crushed in spirit.

Psalm 34:18

Martin

ARRANGEMENTS BY PREFERRED CREMATION & BURIAL

Service was held 1/10/25 at Pilgrim Progressive Baptist Church. Arrangements entrusted to Preferred Cremation and Burial.

Bertha Mae (Coleman) Martin, departed this life on December 8, 2024, at the age of 95. Born on September 17, 1929, in Kinston, North Carolina, Bertha was a beacon of love and strength for her family and friends throughout her remarkable life. Bertha was the cherished daughter of Levi Coleman and Bertha (Davis) Coleman, who instilled in her the values of hard work and compassion. Her education began in her hometown, where she graduated high school and later pursued college courses with a focus on Special Education. Bertha dedicated her career to working in various schools within the Special Education department, where she made a meaningful impact on countless lives. Known for her compassion and motivation, she had an uncanny ability to uplift those around her, always radiating love and joy.

A woman of many talents and interests, Bertha found joy in sewing, crafting, gardening, and cooking. She had a particular passion for collecting African American figurines and loved to travel, spreading her infectious enthusiasm wherever she went. An avid baseball fan, she cherished the time spent cheering for her favorite teams. Her fun-loving, playful nature was complemented by her humility and nurturing spirit, making her a beloved figure in her community. In addition to her many interests, Bertha was actively involved in community organizations, including the Altar Guild and Willing Workers at Pilgrim Progressive Baptist Church, Girl Scouts, and the Montford Point Marine Association. She was known for her elegance, often donning beautifully coordinated suits and matching hats. Bertha also took pride in her ability to communicate through sign language, showcasing her dedication to inclusivity.

Bertha Mae Martin was preceded in death by her beloved husband, William Martin, with whom she shared 52 wonderful years of marriage before his passing on February 14, 2003, her brothers; Elbert Murriel, Johnny Coleman, Matthew Coleman, Henry Coleman, Jeremiah Coleman, and Roy Lee Coleman, and her parents.

Bertha is survived by her loving children; Barbara Martin Alfred, Otis Martin, and Regina Martin, sister Marshall Jean Isler, her adored grandchildren; Darius Alfred and Sharamis Martin, her great- grandchildren; Malik Martin, Jahleel Martin, and Mia Martin, along with many nieces, nephews, and a host of amazing friends who were touched by her kindness and nurturing spirit.

Ursula Teresa

ARRANGEMENTS BY PREFERRED CREMATION & BURIAL

Service was held 1/8/25 at Greater Life Baptist Church. Arrangements entrusted to Preferred Cremation and Burial.

Ursula Teresa Douglas-Grant was born on April 12, 1956, in Pensacola, Florida, to Iran Earl Douglas and Margaret Mary Douglas. She departed this life peacefully at the age of 68, on December 15, 2024, following a courageous battle with multiple health challenges. Ursula was a fighter to the end, living with resilience, love, and an infectious spirit that touched everyone around her.

Ursula cherished her family deeply. She was a devoted wife to Dedrick Grant and a proud mother to her one and only daughter, her “Shero”, Malika Hollins. Ursula’s love for Malika was unparalleled, often proudly proclaiming, “That’s MY daughter. There wouldn’t be a Malika without me!” Their bond was unshakable, built on love, pride, and mutual respect.

She found immense joy in her granddaughter Jahzae Hollins, unconditional love for her great-granddaughter E’Laijah Bryers, and pride and joy in her grandson Khyell Hill. Ursula was a mother figure to many, offering guidance, strength, and unconditional love to all who needed it.

Known for her vibrant personality, Ursula was the life of every party. She loved singing, dancing, and playing her favorite songs on repeat. Her home was always open to those in need of a safe haven, and her fierce protectiveness of family and friends was unmatched. With her golden heart and remarkable ability to connect with people, Ursula turned strangers into family. She was unapologetically authentic and unafraid to call out inauthenticity when she saw it.

Her faith was an essential part of her life. While her last church home was Mt. Olive Baptist Church, she would attend any church where the word spoke to her. Stylish to the core, Ursula took pride in her appearance, keeping her hair, nails, and toes impeccably done. She matched her outfits from head to toe and expected compliments, jokingly saying, “If you don’t compliment me, you’re hating.”

Ursula was known for her kindness, generosity, and vibrant spirit. She had a special love for children and was affectionately called Mama Ursula, Grandma Ursula, or Auntie Ursula by many. Her legacy of love, laughter, and unwavering support will be cherished by all who were fortunate to know her. She will be deeply missed but never forgotten.

Betty Jean Hettie

SUNRISE 07/20/1948 SUNSET 12/25/2024

ARRANGEMENTS BY PREFERRED CREMATION & BURIAL

Service was held 1/11/25 at Preferred Cremation and Burial. Arrangements entrusted to Preferred Cremation and Burial.

On the morning of December 25, 2024, Betty Jean Fields peacefully went to be with the Lord, from Grossmont Hospital, Grossmont, California. Betty was 76 years old.

Betty was born to Sonny Fields and Arleone Walker on July 20, 1948, in Sacramento, California. Betty attended Sherman Elementary School, Memorial Jr. High, and San Diego High, where she graduated in 1967. Betty later attended Culinary School, where she became a Prep Cook at the San Diego Convention Center. Betty also was a caregiver for several clients and later retired.

Betty Loved entertaining family in her home where she could show case her skills of design and cooking to her family. Betty had a love for being outdoors with nature, walking her dogs, and she loved going on cruises with family. Most of all she loved spending time at the shopping malls with her sister Faye.

Betty is preceded in death by her father Sonny Fields, mother Arleone Walker and siblings; Al Murphy (brother), Clete Diane Fields (sister), Michael Murphy (brother), and Gloria Mims (sister).

She is survived by her sisters; Arleoine Faye Alexander, Margaret Fields, Marie Alexander (Billy), and Mary Childs (Howard), and Melva Walker, brothers; Edward Fields (Norma), Michael Upton, and David Fields, and a host of nephews, nieces, great-nephews, great-nieces, and cousins.

ARRANGEMENTS BY PREFERRED CREMATION & BURIAL

Service was held 12/30/24 at Mount Hope Cemetery. Arrangements entrusted to Preferred Cremation and Burial.

Hettie McGee was born Friday, August 25, 1922, in the city of Mansfield, LA, to William Cato & Mattie Sanford. She was the sixth of seven children born to this union. Her public education was in Mansfield. She remained there until the war in 1944, when she relocated to Portland, Oregon, with her husband Herman Colbert and their son Melvin. In 1995, she moved down the coast to San Diego, CA, where she remained for the next 30 years.

She truly enjoyed traveling and being around her granddaughter & great grandchildren. They were her pride and joy. Mrs. Hettie lived to see her Hallelujah 100s.

She answered the call of her Heavenly Father on November 29, 2024, at the age of 102 years old.

She was proceeded in death by her parents and her six brothers and sisters. She leaves to mourn her passing her only child Melvin (Margo) Colbert, granddaughter Angela Crump, great-grandchildren; Kayla Crump and Kenneth Crump, and a host of nieces and nephews. Special thanks to the staff at Hillcrest Heights Care Center where she resided for 8 years.

BLACK HISTORY

1979

AALIYAH IS BORN

Aaliyah Dana Haughton born on January 16, 1979 was a pioneering singer, actress, and model. Born in Brooklyn and raised in Detroit, she began performing at a young age, with her mother enrolling her in vocal lessons. Signed to Blackground Records at 14, her debut album, Age Ain't Nothing But a Number (1994), sold over two million copies. Aaliyah’s second album, One in a Million (1996), cemented her as a major R&B star, followed by Aaliyah (2001), which featured hits like “More Than a Woman” and “Rock the Boat.”

Despite her success, Aaliyah tragically died in a plane crash at 22, shortly after filming the “Rock the Boat” video in the Bahamas on August 25, 2001. Her death left a lasting impact on both music and film.

1986

MLK BUST UNVEILED

Martin Luther King Jr. , born to a family of pastors and civil rights leaders, earned degrees from Morehouse College, Crozer Theological Seminary, and Boston University. In 1957, he founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and gained national prominence that led to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 before his assassination in 1968.

The bust of MLK, sculpted by John Wilson, was unveiled in the U.S. Capitol Rotunda on January 16, 1986, commemorating Dr. King’s legacy. The bronze piece, 36 inches high on a Belgian marble base, captures King in a contemplative mood.

CLASSIFIEDS / LEGAL NOTICES

ADVERTISEMENT FOR BIDS

Construction

Located at:

5025 La Dorna St. San Diego, CA 92115

County of San Diego

This business is conducted by:

A Corporation

The first day of business was: 01/01/2018

This business is hereby registered by the following:

Israel Enterprises Inc. 5025 La Dorna St. San Diego, CA 92115

State of Incorporation/

Organization

California

This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on November 19, 2024

NAME STATEMENT 2024-9024655

Fictitious business name(s): C-Suite Inc

C-Suite Therapy Located at: 310 S. Twin Oaks Valley Rd. Ste #107 San Marcos, CA 92078

Clerk of San Diego County on December 31, 2024

This fictitious business name will expire on December 31, 2029 1/9, 1/16, 1/23, 1/30

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT 2025-9000083

Fictitious business name(s): Hoodbeast

Hoodbeast MC Located at: 4278 Market St. San Diego, CA 92101 County of San Diego

This business is conducted by: A Corporation

The first day of business was: 01/02/2025

This business is hereby registered by the following: Hoodbeast LLC 4278 Market St. San Diego, CA 92101 State of Incorporation/ Organization California

This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on January 02, 2025

This fictitious business name will expire on January 02, 2030 1/9, 1/16, 1/23, 1/30

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT 2025-9000097

Fictitious business name(s): Spiritual Essence Located at: 5025 Cervantes Ave San Diego, CA 92113 County of San Diego

This business is conducted by: An Individual

The first day of business was: 05/22/2021

This business is hereby registered by the following: Tajanae Michelle Williams 5025 Cervantes Ave San Diego, CA 92113

This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on January 03, 2025

This fictitious business name will expire on January 03, 2030 1/9, 1/16, 1/23, 1/30

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT 2024-9024740

Fictitious business name(s): San Diego Plastics Inc Located at: 1121 Bay Blvd. Ste F-H Chula Vista, CA 91911 County of San Diego

This business is conducted by: A Corporation

The first day of business was: 03/30/2023

This business is hereby registered by the following: SD Plastics, Inc. 1121 Bay Blvd. Ste F-H Chula Vista, CA 91911

County of San Diego

This business is conducted by: A Married Couple

The first day of business was: 12/16/2024

This business is hereby registered by the following: Ashle Janee Childress 621 Hillhaven Dr. San Marcos, CA 92078

Marcel Erik Childress 621 Hillhaven Dr. San Marcos, CA 92078

This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 16, 2024

This fictitious business name will expire on December 16, 2029 1/9, 1/16, 1/23, 1/30

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT 2024-9025236

Fictitious business name(s): Legacy Consulting Located at: 1041 Market Str. Ste 165 San Diego, CA 92101

County of San Diego

This business is conducted by:

A Limited Liability Company

Registrant has not yet begun to transact business under the name(s) above This business is hereby registered by the following: Legacy Management Advisors LLC 1041 Market St. Ste 165 San Diego, CA 92101 State of Incorporation/ Organization California

This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 24, 2024

This fictitious business name will expire on December 24, 2029 1/02, 1/9, 1/16, 1/23

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT 2024-9025235

Fictitious business name(s): Champion Tire Center Located at: 8807 Troy St. Spring Valley, CA 91977 County of San Diego

1041 Market St. Ste 165 San Diego, CA 92101 County of San Diego

This business is conducted by: A Limited Liability Company Registrant has not yet begun to transact business under the name(s) above This business is hereby registered by the following: Precision Tire Repair and Sales LLC 1041 Market St. Ste 165 San Diego, CA 92101

State of Incorporation/ Organization California

This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 24, 2024

This fictitious business name will expire on December 24, 2029 1/02, 1/9, 1/16, 1/23

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT 2024-9022966

Fictitious business name(s): Israel Enterprises Inc DBA J D Israel

This fictitious business name will expire on November 19, 2029 1/02, 1/9, 1/16, 1/23

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT

2024-9022578

Fictitious business name(s): Getting People Together 4 Good GPT4GOOD

GPT4GOOD Consulting Getting People Together 4 Good

Consulting

Located at:

35129 HWY-79

Warner Springs, CA 92086

County of San Diego

This business is conducted by:

An Individual

The first day of business was: 11/01/2024

This business is hereby registered by the following: Evan Lawrence Hodges 35129 HWY-79

Warner Springs, CA 92086

This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on November 13, 2024

This fictitious business name will expire on November 13, 2029 12/26, 1/02, 1/9, 1/16

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT

2024-9024831

Fictitious business name(s): Golden State Heating & Cooling Located at: 8743 Esplanade Park Lane San Diego, CA 92123 County of San Diego

This business is conducted by: A Corporation

The first day of business was: 12/18/2024

This business is hereby registered by the following: Golden State Heating & Cooling 8743 Esplanade Park Lane San Diego, CA 92123 State of Incorporation/ Organization

California

This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 18, 2024

This fictitious business name will expire on December 18, 2029 12/26, 1/02, 1/9, 1/16

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT

2024-9024687

Fictitious business name(s): Maria Tereza Care Located at: 3430 39th St. Unit F San Diego, CA 92105 County of San Diego

This business is conducted by: An Individual Registrant has not yet begun to transact business under the name(s) above

This business is hereby registered by the following: Maria Desta Eyob 3430 39th St. Unit F San Diego, CA 92105

This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 17, 2024

This fictitious business name will expire on December 17, 2029 12/26, 1/02, 1/9, 1/16

SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA 325 South Melrose Driv Vista, CA 92081

25CU000573N

Petitioner or Attorney:

Suzanne Kathleen Helfrick

To All Interested Persons: Petitioner

Suzanne Kathleen Helfrick filed a petition with this court for a decree changing names as follows:

PRESENT NAME:

Suzanne Kathleen Helfrick

PROPOSED NAME:

Suzanne Kathleen Canaday

THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file a written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing.

NOTICE OF HEARING

Date: February 21, 2025 Time: 8:30 A.M. Dept. 25

(To appear remotely, check in advance of the hearing for information about how to do so on the court's website. To find your court's website go to www.courts.ca.gov/find-mycourt.htm)

NO HEARING WILL OCCUR ON THE DATE SPECIFIED IN THE ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE.

The court will review the documents filed as of the date specified on the Order to Show Cause for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-120).

If all requirements for a name change have been met as of the date specified, and no timely written objection has been received (required at least two court days before the date specified), the Petition for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-100) will be granted without a hearing. One copy of the Order Granting the Petition will be mailed to the petitioner.

To change a name on a legal document, including a birth certificate, social security card, driver license, passport, and other identification, a certified copy of Decree

Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree

Changing Name and Order

Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be required. Contact the agency(ies) who issue the legal document that needs to be changed, to determine if a certified copy is required.

A certified copy of Decree

Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree

Changing Name and Order

Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be obtained from the Civil Business Office for a fee. Petitioners who are seeking a change of name under the Safe at Home program may contact the assigned department for the information on obtaining certified copies.

If all the requirements have not been met as of the date specified, the court will mail the petitioner a written order with further directions.

If a timely objection is filed, the court will set a hearing date and contact the parties by mail with further directions.

A RESPONDENT

OBJECTING TO THE

NAME CHANGE MUST FILE A WRITTEN OBJECTION AT LEAST TWO COURT DAYS (excluding weekends and holidays) BEFORE THE DATE SPECIFIED. Do not come to court on the specified date. The court will notify the parties by mail of a future hearing date

Any Petition for the name change of a minor that is signed by only one parent must have this Attachment served along with the Petition and Order to Show Cause, on the other nonsigning parent, and proof of service must be filed with the court.

The address of the court is: 325 South Melrose Drive Vista, CA 92081 1/16, 1/23, 1/30, 2/6

SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA 330 W. Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 25CU000050C

Petitioner or Attorney: Brian Matthew Slater To All Interested Persons: Petitioner Brian Matthew Slater filed a petition with this court for a decree changing names as follows:

PRESENT NAME: Brian Matthew Slater

PROPOSED NAME: Brian Matthew Marino

THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file a written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing.

NOTICE OF HEARING

Date: February 19, 2025 Time: 8:30 A.M. Dept. C-61

(To appear remotely, check in advance of the hearing for information about how to do so on the court's website. To find your court's website go to www.courts.ca.gov/find-mycourt.htm)

NO HEARING WILL OCCUR ON THE DATE SPECIFIED IN THE ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE.

The court will review the documents filed as of the date specified on the Order to Show Cause for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-120).

If all requirements for a name change have been met as of the date specified, and no timely written objection has been received (required at least two court days before the date specified), the Petition for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-100) will be granted without a hearing. One copy of the Order Granting the Petition will be mailed to the petitioner.

To change a name on a legal document, including a birth certificate, social security card, driver license, passport, and other identification, a certified copy of Decree Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be required. Contact the agency(ies) who issue the legal document that needs to be changed, to determine if a certified copy is required.

A certified copy of Decree Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be obtained from the Civil Business Office for a fee. Petitioners who are seeking a change of name under the Safe at Home program may contact the assigned department for the information on obtaining certified copies.

If all the requirements have not been met as of the date specified, the court will mail the petitioner a written order with further directions.

If a timely objection is filed, the court will set a hearing date and contact the parties by mail with further directions.

A RESPONDENT OBJECTING TO THE NAME CHANGE MUST FILE A WRITTEN OBJECTION AT LEAST TWO COURT DAYS (excluding weekends and holidays) BEFORE THE DATE SPECIFIED. Do not come to court on the specified date. The court will notify the parties by mail of a future hearing date

Any Petition for the name change of a minor that is signed by only one parent must have this Attachment served along with the Petition and Order to Show Cause, on the other nonsigning parent, and proof of service must be filed with the court.

The address of the court is: 330 W. Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 1/9, 1/16, 1/23, 1/30

SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA 330 W. Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 24CU029873C

Petitioner or Attorney: Amber Serena CastroKilloran + Maria Guadalupe CastroKilloran To All Interested Persons: Petitioner Amber Serena CastroKilloran + Maria Guadalupe CastroKilloran filed a petition with this court for a decree changing names as follows:

PRESENT NAME: a. Amber Serena CastroKilloran

PROPOSED NAME: Amber Serena Killoran Castro-Waldek

PRESENT NAME: b. Maria Guadalupe CastroKilloran

PROPOSED NAME: Maria Guadalupe CastroWaldek

THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file a written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing.

NOTICE OF HEARING

Date: February 11, 2025 Time: 8:30 A.M. Dept. 61 (To appear remotely, check in advance of the hearing for

PROPOSED NAME: Marshall Kerry Landrum Whitlock

THE COURT ORDERS that

all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted.

Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file a written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing.

NOTICE OF HEARING

Date: January 29, 2025 Time: 8:30 A.M. Dept. 61

(To appear remotely, check in advance of the hearing for information about how to do so on the court's website. To find your court's website go to www.courts.ca.gov/find-mycourt.htm)

NO HEARING WILL OCCUR ON THE DATE SPECIFIED IN THE ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE.

The court will review the documents filed as of the date specified on the Order to Show Cause for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-120).

If all requirements for a name change have been met as of the date specified, and no timely written objection has been received (required at least two court days before the date specified), the Petition for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-100) will be granted without a hearing. One copy of the Order Granting the Petition will be mailed to the petitioner.

To change a name on a legal document, including a birth certificate, social security card, driver license, passport, and other identification, a certified copy of Decree

Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree

Changing Name and Order

Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be required. Contact the agency(ies) who issue the legal document that needs to be changed, to determine if a certified copy is required.

A certified copy of Decree

Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree

Changing Name and Order

Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be obtained from the Civil Business Office for a fee. Petitioners who are seeking a change of name under the Safe at Home program may contact the assigned department for the information on obtaining certified copies.

If all the requirements have not been met as of the date specified, the court will mail the petitioner a written order with further directions.

If a timely objection is filed, the court will set a hearing date and contact the parties by mail with further directions.

A RESPONDENT OBJECTING TO THE NAME CHANGE MUST FILE A WRITTEN

OBJECTION AT LEAST TWO COURT DAYS (excluding weekends and holidays) BEFORE THE DATE SPECIFIED. Do not come to court on the specified date. The court will notify the parties by mail of a future hearing date

Any Petition for the name change of a minor that is signed by only one parent must have this Attachment served along with the Petition and Order to Show Cause, on the other nonsigning parent, and proof of service must be filed with the court. The

Petitioner or Attorney:

Dat Tan-Danny Tran

To All Interested Persons:

Petitioner

Dat Tan-Danny Tran filed a petition with this court for a decree changing names as follows:

PRESENT NAME: Dat Tan-Danny Tran

PROPOSED NAME: Danny Dat Tan Tran

THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file a written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing.

NOTICE OF HEARING

Date: January 31, 2025

Time: 8:30 A.M. Dept. 25

(To appear remotely, check in advance of the hearing for information about how to do so on the court's website. To find your court's website go to www.courts.ca.gov/find-mycourt.htm)

NO HEARING WILL OCCUR ON THE DATE SPECIFIED IN THE ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE.

The court will review the documents filed as of the date specified on the Order to Show Cause for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-120).

If all requirements for a name change have been met as of the date specified, and no timely written objection has been received (required at least two court days before the date specified), the Petition for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-100) will be granted without a hearing. One copy of the Order Granting the Petition will be mailed to the petitioner.

To change a name on a legal document, including a birth certificate, social security card, driver license, passport, and other identification, a certified copy of Decree

Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be required. Contact the agency(ies) who issue the legal document that needs to be changed, to determine if a certified copy is required.

A certified copy of Decree

Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree

Changing Name and Order

Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be obtained from the Civil Business Office for a fee. Petitioners who are seeking a change of name under the Safe at Home program may contact the assigned department for the information on obtaining certified copies.

If all the requirements have not been met as of the date specified, the court will mail the petitioner a written order with further directions.

If a timely objection is filed, the court will set a hearing date and contact the parties by mail with further directions. A RESPONDENT OBJECTING TO THE NAME CHANGE MUST FILE A WRITTEN OBJECTION AT LEAST TWO COURT DAYS (excluding weekends and holidays) BEFORE THE DATE SPECIFIED. Do not come to court on the specified date. The court will notify the parties by mail of a future hearing date

Any Petition for the name change of a minor that is signed by only one parent must have this Attachment served along with the Petition and Order to Show Cause, on the other nonsigning parent, and proof of service must be filed with the court.

The address of the court is:

325 S. Melrose Dr. Vista, CA 92081

12/26, 1/02, 1/9, 1/16

SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA

330 W. Broadway San Diego, CA 92101

24CU028741C

Petitioner or Attorney: Isis Ysabella Love

To All Interested Persons: Petitioner Isis Ysabella Love filed a petition with this court for a decree changing names as follows:

PRESENT NAME: Isis Ysabella Love

PROPOSED NAME: Isis Ysabella Roberts

THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file a written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing.

NOTICE OF HEARING

Date: February 05, 2025 Time: 8:30 A.M. Dept. C-61

(To appear remotely, check in advance of the hearing for information about how to do so on the court's website. To find your court's website go to www.courts.ca.gov/find-mycourt.htm)

NO HEARING WILL OCCUR ON THE DATE SPECIFIED IN THE ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE.

The court will review the documents filed as of the date specified on the Order to Show Cause for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-120).

If all requirements for a name change have been met as of the date specified, and no timely written objection has been received (required at least two court days before the date specified), the Petition for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-100) will be granted without a hearing. One copy of the Order Granting the Petition will be mailed to the petitioner.

To change a name on a legal document, including a birth certificate, social security card, driver license, passport, and other identification, a certified copy of Decree Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree

Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be required. Contact the agency(ies) who issue the legal document that needs to be changed, to determine if a certified copy is required.

A certified copy of Decree

Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree

Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be obtained from the Civil Business Office for a fee. Petitioners who are seeking a change of name under the Safe at Home program may contact the assigned department for the information on obtaining certified copies.

If all the requirements have not been met as of the date specified, the court will mail the petitioner a written order with further directions.

If a timely objection is filed, the court will set a hearing date and contact the parties by mail with further directions.

A RESPONDENT

OBJECTING TO THE NAME CHANGE MUST FILE A WRITTEN

OBJECTION AT LEAST TWO COURT DAYS

(excluding weekends and holidays) BEFORE THE DATE SPECIFIED. Do not come to court on the specified date. The court will notify the parties by mail of a future hearing date

Any Petition for the name change of a minor that is signed by only one parent must have this Attachment served along with the Petition and Order to Show Cause, on the other nonsigning parent, and proof of service must be filed with the court.

The address of the court is:

330 W. Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 12/26, 1/02, 1/9, 1/16

SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA

325 S. Melrose Dr. Vista, CA 92081 24CU028434N

Petitioner or Attorney: Angus Drake Ross

To All Interested Persons: Petitioner

Angus Drake Ross filed a petition with this court for a decree changing names as follows:

PRESENT NAME: Angus Drake Ross

PROPOSED NAME: Achilles Alvarez Carrasco

THE COURT ORDERS that

all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted.

Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file a written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing.

NOTICE OF HEARING

Date: January 31, 2025 Time: 8:30 A.M. Dept. N-25

(To appear remotely, check in advance of the hearing for information about how to do so on the court's website. To find your court's website go to www.courts.ca.gov/find-mycourt.htm)

NO HEARING WILL OCCUR ON THE DATE SPECIFIED IN THE ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE.

The court will review the documents filed as of the date specified on the Order to Show Cause for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-120).

If all requirements for a name change have been met as of the date specified, and no timely written objection has been received (required at least two court days before the date specified), the Petition for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-100) will be granted without a hearing. One copy of the Order Granting the Petition will be mailed to the petitioner.

To change a name on a legal document, including a birth certificate, social security card, driver license, passport, and other identification, a certified copy of Decree

Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree

Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be required. Contact the agency(ies) who issue the legal document that needs to be changed, to determine if a certified copy is required.

A certified copy of Decree

Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree

Changing Name and Order

Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be obtained from the Civil Business Office for a fee. Petitioners who are seeking a change of name under the Safe at Home program may contact the assigned department for the information on obtaining certified copies.

If all the requirements have not been met as of the date specified, the court will mail the petitioner a written order with further directions.

If a timely objection is filed, the court will set a hearing date and contact the parties by mail with further directions.

A RESPONDENT

OBJECTING TO THE NAME CHANGE MUST FILE A WRITTEN OBJECTION AT LEAST TWO COURT DAYS (excluding weekends and holidays) BEFORE THE DATE SPECIFIED. Do not come to court on the specified date. The court will notify the parties by mail of a future hearing date

Any Petition for the name change of a minor that is signed by only one parent must have this Attachment served along with the Petition and Order to Show Cause, on the other nonsigning parent, and proof of service must be filed with the court.

The address of the court is:

325 S. Melrose Dr. Vista, CA 92081 12/26, 1/02, 1/9, 1/16

SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA

330 W. Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 24CU021974C

Petitioner or Attorney: Joseph Alexander Edeiken

To All Interested Persons: Petitioner Joseph Alexander Edeiken filed a petition with this court for a decree changing names as follows:

PRESENT NAME: Joseph Alexander Edeiken

PROPOSED NAME:

Joseph Alexander Marson

THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted.

Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file a written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing.

NOTICE OF HEARING

Date: January 30, 2025

Time: 8:30 A.M. Dept. C-61 (To appear remotely, check in advance of the hearing for information about how to do so on the court's website. To find your court's website go to www.courts.ca.gov/find-mycourt.htm)

NO HEARING WILL OCCUR ON THE DATE SPECIFIED IN THE ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE.

The court will review the documents filed as of the date specified on the Order to Show Cause for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-120).

If all requirements for a name change have been met as of the date specified, and no timely written objection has been received (required at least two court days before the date specified), the Petition for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-100) will be granted without a hearing. One copy of the Order Granting the Petition will be mailed to the petitioner.

To change a name on a legal document, including a birth certificate, social security card, driver license, passport, and other identification, a certified copy of Decree Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be required. Contact the agency(ies) who issue the legal document that needs to be changed, to determine if a certified copy is required.

A certified copy of Decree

Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree

Changing Name and Order

Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be obtained from the Civil Business Office for a fee. Petitioners who are seeking a change of name under the Safe at Home program may contact the assigned department for the information on obtaining certified copies.

If all the requirements have not been met as of the date specified, the court will mail

the petitioner a written order with further directions.

If a timely objection is filed, the court will set a hearing date and contact the parties by mail with further directions.

A RESPONDENT

OBJECTING TO THE NAME CHANGE MUST FILE A WRITTEN

OBJECTION AT LEAST TWO COURT DAYS (excluding weekends and holidays) BEFORE THE DATE SPECIFIED. Do not come to court on the specified date. The court will notify the parties by mail of a future hearing date

Any Petition for the name change of a minor that is signed by only one parent must have this Attachment served along with the Petition and Order to Show Cause, on the other nonsigning parent, and proof of service must be filed with the court. The address of the court is: 330 W. Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 12/26, 1/02, 1/9, 1/16

SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA 330 W. Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 24CU027010C

Petitioner or Attorney: Jennifer Colleen Van Grove

To All Interested Persons: Petitioner

Jennifer Colleen Van Grove filed a petition with this court for a decree changing names as follows:

PRESENT NAME: Jennifer Colleen Van Grove

PROPOSED NAME: Jennifer Colleen Squillace

THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file a written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing.

NOTICE OF HEARING

Date: January 29, 2025 Time: 8:30 A.M. Dept. C-61

(To appear remotely, check in advance of the hearing for information about how to do so on the court's website. To find your court's website go to www.courts.ca.gov/find-mycourt.htm)

NO HEARING WILL OCCUR ON THE DATE SPECIFIED IN THE ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE.

The court will review the documents filed as of the date specified on the Order to Show Cause for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-120).

If all requirements for a name change have been met as of the date specified, and no timely written objection has been received (required at least two court days before the date specified), the Petition for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-100) will be granted without a hearing. One copy of the Order Granting the Petition will be mailed to the petitioner.

To change a name on a legal document, including a birth certificate, social security card, driver license, passport, and other identification, a certified copy of Decree

Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree

Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be required. Contact the agency(ies) who issue the legal document that needs to be changed, to determine if a certified copy is required.

A certified copy of Decree Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree

Changing Name and Order

Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be obtained from the Civil Business Office for

a fee. Petitioners who are seeking a change of name under the Safe at Home program may contact the assigned department for the information on obtaining certified copies.

If all the requirements have not been met as of the date specified, the court will mail the petitioner a written order with further directions.

If a timely objection is filed, the court will set a hearing date and contact the parties by mail with further directions.

A RESPONDENT

OBJECTING TO THE NAME CHANGE MUST FILE A WRITTEN OBJECTION AT LEAST TWO COURT DAYS (excluding weekends and holidays) BEFORE THE DATE SPECIFIED. Do not come to court on the specified date. The court will notify the parties by mail of a future hearing date

Any Petition for the name change of a minor that is signed by only one parent must have this Attachment served along with the Petition and Order to Show Cause, on the other nonsigning parent, and proof of service must be filed with the court.

The address of the court is: 330 W. Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 12/26, 1/02, 1/9, 1/16

NOTICE OF PETITION TO ADMINISTER ESTATE OF Robert Frank Perez Case Number 25PE000026C

To all heirs, beneficiaries, creditors, contingent creditors, and persons who may otherwise be interested in the will or estate, or both, of Robert Frank Perez

A Petition for Probate has been filed by Paul Perez in the Superior Court of California, County of San Diego

The Petition for Probate requests that Paul Perez be appointed as personal representative to administer the estate of the decedent. The petition requests authority to administer the estate under the Independent Administration of Estates Act.

(This authority will allow the personal representative to take many actions without obtaining court approval. Before taking certain very important actions, however, the personal representative will be required to give notice to interested persons unless they have waived notice or consented to the proposed action.) The independent administration authority will be granted unless an interested person files an objection to the petition and shows good cause why the court should not grant the authority.

A hearing on the petition will be held in this court as follows: February 11, 2025 at 10:00 AM in Department 504 Room: C-504 located at the Superior Court of California County of San Diego 1100 Union Street San Diego, CA 92101 Central Courthouse

If you object to the granting of the petition, you should appear at the hearing and state your objections or file written objections with the court before the hearing. Your appearance may be in person or by your attorney.

If you are a creditor or a contingent creditor of the decedent, you must file your claim with the court and mail a copy to the personal representative appointed by the court within the later of either (1) four months from the date of first issuance of letters to a general personal representative, as defined in section 58(b) of the California Probate Code, or (2) 60 days from the date of mailing or personal delivery to you of a notice under section 9052 of the California Probate Code. Other California statutes and legal authority may affect your rights as a creditor. You may want to

consult with an attorney knowledgeable in California law.

You may examine the file kept by the court.

If you are a person interested in the estate, you may file with the court a REQUEST FOR SPECIAL NOTICE (form DE-154) of the filing of an inventory and appraisal of estate assets or of any petition or account as provided in Probate Code section 1250. A REQUEST FOR SPECIAL NOTICE form is available from the court clerk.

Petitioner: Paul Perez 3112 Grizzly Peak Dr. Broomfield, CO 80023 (415) 810-5639

of Estates Act. (This authority will allow the personal representative to take many actions without obtaining court approval. Before taking certain very important actions, however, the personal representative will be required to give notice to interested persons unless they have waived notice or consented to the proposed action.) The independent administration authority will be granted unless an interested person files an objection to the petition and shows good cause why the court should not grant the authority.

A hearing on the petition will be held in this court as follows: February 5, 2025 at 1:30 PM in Department 502 located at the Superior Court of California County of San Diego 1100

creditor of the decedent, you must file your claim with the court and mail a copy to the personal representative appointed by the court within the later of either (1) four months from the date of first issuance of letters to a general personal representative, as defined in section 58(b) of the California Probate Code, or (2) 60 days from the date of mailing or personal delivery to you of a notice under section 9052 of the California Probate Code. Other California statutes and legal authority may affect your rights as a creditor. You may want to consult with an attorney knowledgeable in California law. You

BY EXPERTS

DATE: SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 2025 TIME: 9:00 AM - 12:00 PM

LOCATION: JACKIE ROBINSON FAMILY YMCA 151 YMCA WAY, SAN DIEGO, CA 92102

Please RSVP to 619-255-4134

O l e S c h o o l M u s i c t o D i n e a n d R e m i n i s c e B y , F e e l i n g F i t S e

10 Cyber Security Tips for Small Business

Broadband and information technology are powerful factors in small businesses reaching new markets and increasing productivity and efficiency. However, businesses need a cybersecurity strategy to protect their own business, their customers, and their data from growing cybersecurity threats.

1. Train employees in security principles

Establish basic security practices and policies for employees, such as requiring strong passwords, and establish appropriate Internet use guidelines that detail penalties for violating company cybersecurity policies. Establish rules of behavior describing how to handle and protect customer information and other vital data.

2. Protect information, computers, and networks from cyber attacks

Keep clean machines: having the latest security software, web browser, and operating system are the best defenses against viruses, malware, and other online threats. Set antivirus software to run a scan after each update. Install other key software updates as soon as they are available.

3. Provide firewall security for your Internet connection

A firewall is a set of related programs that prevent outsiders from accessing data on a private network. Make sure the operating system's firewall is enabled or install free firewall software available online. If employees work from home, ensure that their home system(s) are protected by a firewall.

4. Create a mobile device action plan

Mobile devices can create significant security and management challenges, especially if they hold confidential information or can access t he corporate network. Require users to password-protect their devices, encrypt their data, and install security apps to prevent criminals from stealing information while the phone is on public networks. Be sure to set reporting procedures for lost or stolen equipment.

5. Make backup copies of important business data and information

Regularly backup the data on all computers. Critical data includes word processing documents, electronic spreadsheets, databases, financial files, human resources files, and accounts receivable/ payable files. Backup data automatically if possible, or at least weekly and store the copies either offsite or in the cloud.

6. Control physical access to your computers and create user accounts for each employee

Prevent access or use of business computers by unauthorized individuals. Laptops can be particularly easy targets for theft or can be lost, so lock them up when unattended. Make sure a separate user account is created for each employee and require strong passwords. Administrative privileges should only be given to trusted IT staff and key personnel.

7. Secure your Wi-Fi networks

If you have a Wi-Fi network for your workplace, make sure it is secure, encrypted, and hidden. To hide your Wi-Fi network, set up your wireless access point or router, so it does not broadcast the net-

work name, known as the Service Set Identifier (SSID). Password protect access to the router.

8. Employ best practices on payment cards

Work with banks or processors to ensure the most trusted and validated tools and anti-fraud services are being used. You may also have additional security obligations pursuant to agreements with your bank or processor. Isolate payment systems from other, less secure programs and don't use the same computer to process payments and surf the Internet.

9. Limit employee access to data and information, limit authority to install software

Do not provide any one employ -

ee with access to all data systems. Employees should only be given access to the specific data systems that they need for their jobs, and should not be able to install any software without permission.

10. Passwords and authentication

Require employees to use unique passwords and change passwords every three months. Consider implementing multi-factor authentication that requires additional information beyond a password to gain entry. Check with your vendors that handle sensitive data, especially financial institutions, to see if they offer multi-factor authentication for your account.

Source: Federal Communications Commision, fcc.gov

PHOTO: Feepik

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