Placemaking

placemaking: the cardboard chair project VIVIEN LI IRD 300 OCT 24 2012 PROF VOGEL

KINDLE Chair

INTRODUcTION The purpse of this project is to form configurations and human factors that affect the design of a chair. My intent of this project is to design a chair that is multi-functional and simple. I am interested in how a human influences the shape of the chair, and the movement the chair has as it is being manipulated.

I am interested in folding, slotting, and using a single sheet of paper to create my chair, with some key words in mind when designing: flexibil-

ity, movement, tessellations, geometry, origami.

Table of Contents A. RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS chairs seating (folding, nomadic furniture) folding, packaging design, origami geometric mathematical information anthropometric information site research, spatial studies, user studies conclusion

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B. CONCEPTS, IDEATION, PROTOTYPING - concept statement, ideation - prototype 1 : privacy - prototype 2: triangle - prototype 3: - prototype 4: process and construction

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C. FINAL DESIGN material transformations and constraints human factors spatial relationships how to - photo documentary video documentary final chair

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS

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Chair Precedents LLSTOL by Niko Klansek YKSI Chair by Alexander Brink + Antti Pulli

Hedronics Chair by AnOtherArchitect

The YSki Chair is designed by Aalto university industrial designers. The cardboard chair can be shipped and stored flat, made from a single sheet of cardboard with no loose parts or separate joineries. I think this is an intelligent way to create a piece of furniture that does not need loose parts or joineries to create 3D object from a single sheet of I love the simplicity of the design, cardboard. It saves space and and how multifunctional two pieces looks aesthetically pleasing. It is of ply can create. It is creative a successful design. Technique and innovative. I seek to find that used is cutting and slotting. multifunctionality in my design of a chair, as well as its easy portability.

The entire chair is produced from one sheet of folded stainless steel. It is based on a simple mathematical solid shape called a polyhedron.

The origami-like folding creates impression of light paper chair. Also reducing the look of weight in the chairs, a series of patterns are punctured based on parametric design principles. This chair uses the concept of folding and origami like inspiration from polyhedrons.

Consisting of two pieces of plywood, the structures slot together to create a minimal chair. Flat and stackable, it is easily portable. It can also be used to create tables, a surface for lounging outside, and shelving. This design of a chair is multi-functional, easy to manufacture, and portable, and environmentally conscious. The technique used is slotting.

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Folding, packaging design, origami

Doritos Packaging Concept by Petar Pavlov Made from a single sheet of cardboard, the Doritos packaging is based on prismatic system that allows the opening to close flat. This is successful in allowing the structured design to be flexible and change in packaging.

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Origami Tessellations by Eric Gjerde This book shows various systems that are prismatic, folded in intricate lines that can flex and bend smoothly. The template is often calculated and measured to create that pattern.

Re-designing the LED Packaging by Bryant Yee The eco-friendly paper packaging system for LED reduces waste and promotes a system of recycling old bulbs. The honeycomb system of hexagons allows stacking abilities for good storage and product display. The interior of the box holds a springy pleat system to protect the bulb.

Geometric mathematical information

The Golden Ratio - nautilius shell - arrangement of apple seeds in 5 pointed star, composed of triangles with golden ratio

Modulor by Le Corbusier - creating proportional system reconciling Golden Ratio with needs of human body – 6 foot English male with one raised arm - illustrated figure in different postures, body in motion and in contact with objects in environment - bridge between 2 scales of metric and

Leonardo’s Vitruvian Man - desire to integrate perfection through geometry with expression of human form - had specific proportions of his idealized male figure

imperial

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Anthropometric information The Beauty of Fit: Proportion and Anthropometry in Chair Design by Caroline Kelly Proportional systems: ancient cultures – beauty and proportion were defined through idealization of The Physical and The idealization of The Abstract: systems based o human body or geometric principles - Industrial design is rooted in ancient disciplines of art and architecture.

- George Nelson writes form of a chair has 3 factors: function, aesthetics, material - evaluation of chair: relation to body, communicative function, and its craft - two categories of design: aesthetic and function

Chair Design Beyond Gender and Age Alan Hedge & Kees Breeuwsma - user behavior affects comfort - women sitting pelvis rotated anteriorly; men, posteriorly - chair image & aesthetic related to customer satisfaction - chair strength, seat dimensions, seat height, seat tilt, seat depth, seat width, seat pan material, backrest dimensions, backrest height, head/ neck support, lumbar support, backrest width, backrest angle, armrests controls: intuitive control placement increases usability

Henry Dreyfuss – anthropometry for design 1955 - diagram of human figures/ measurement for specific gender/age

The Anthropometrics of Fit – Herman Miller “A chair should fit the body like a piece of clothing” 6

The human spine is dynamic and requires dynamic support during seated periods. The four regions of the spine have unique attributes and requirements; a good work chair should address those unique requirements. A work chair should also provide proper support for variations in spinal anatomy.� Herman Miller

The cervical region is in the neck area of the spine, from the skull to the shoulders. It is highly flexible and strong. The neck balances and supports the head, which weighs about eight pounds. The thoracic area is the upper and middle parts of the spine. The lumbar is the region of the lower back that contains the five lumbar vertebrae, the largest vertebrae in the spinal column. The lumbar area is capable of a great deal of movement. Below the lumbar area, where it is made up of five fused vertebrae, which is held between the pelvic bones on each side.

These natural curves need to be supported and maintained to keep the back and spine relaxed and free of pain and pressure. They must also be supported as they change shape when the body moves. When a person moves from standing to sitting, the pelvis tends to rotate backward, and the lumbar curve flattens or even moves into a kyphotic curve. This increases pressure on the intervetrabral discs and increases muscle activity as the body attempts to restore balance lost when the lordotic curve changes.

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Site Research, spatial studies, user studies Work/Space/ Play/Time by Alex Haw The 200 Urbantine Project explores the activities that take place in modern workplace: A space for work, eat, entertain, and most important, to rest. He explores the ergonomic geometrics of human form and builds a structure that caters for degree of bodily positions from vertical alertness to horizontal catatonia. The architecture consists of pre-cut interlocking plywood that are assembled without rivets or glue.

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This project is a successful spatial and user case study because his construction is about using the maximum amount of redunant space. A series of angular panels angles have been precisely calculated to allow least amount of wasted space and to hold maximum amount of people.

Carborigami by Tina Hovespian Folding with cardboard, the structure expands and compresses from a flat object to a temporary, portable and recyclable shelter for the homeless. The design is inspired

by Japanese art of origami, bridges the gap between design and humanity to attract attention to social issues and homelessness.

Polymorphic Kinetic Installation - design and engineering solution inspired by kinectic action of see-saw and motion of Slinky - design comprised of doublesided bench that transforms through 119 boards.

- connection via inventive pivot and bolt system - bench realized as continuous landscape - design according to existing ergonic profiles to maximize comfort and functionality - its design has a role in advancing architectural and industrial design practices - joint system and design creates parametric system for aesthetics, construction, comfort

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CONCLUSION design problem

The body needs to move.

It’s a natural response, even when sitting. A Herman Miller study on seating behavior finds that seated people move their torso an average of 53 times an hour. Nearly 28 percent of those moves involve leaning or turning (Dowell et al. 2001).

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Most work chairs, however, are too rigid to allow the sitter’s torso to move the way it prefers. To compensate, sitters tend to move away from the backrest, thereby losing the support for the back..

Nor do most work chairs equitably support the entire spine, from the thoracic region to the sacrum, and the unique requirements of each of those spinal areas. While they may provide support to the lower back, the upper back is often overlooked.

With most traditional foam-and-fabric chairs, or those with integral frame structures, the contour of the backrest may mimic the general contour of the human spine, but it does not respond to the individual’s shape and scale or allow much flexibility in movement.

Unique requirements of the four regions of the spine are to be considered when design a chair: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacrum.

A good work chair will support all the regions of the spine as a person shifts seated postures throughout the day.

Concepts, Ideation, Prototyping

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PRIVACY/COMFORT Inspired by the icosahedron, a 20 faced polygon. The geometric shape covers most of the chair’s surroundings to give privacy to those who want it. This chair is would be located in a moderate space, where the traffic isn’t too busy and loud. A chair like this hides most of open space, and acts as a cave. The hollowed in structure gives the users a space to rest alone.

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NOMADIC/SIMPLE This chair is inspired by the geometric shape of triangles, as well as the simplicity in folding from two pieces. It is portable and allows the user to lean back at an angle. The two flat pieces can be folded and easily transported anywhere. Construction is simple and fast. It is lightweight and is structurally sound.

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OFFICE CHAIR - COMFORT For this curved hexagonal chair, a net is calculated to construct the 3D form.

Placed in an office space, the chair can be easily moved around to sit at conference tables. it is comfortable, and cones the back yet keeps the user stay alert. The lack of armrests gives the user more space inside the hexagonal shape to freely move, avoiding stiffness of the body.

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GEOMETRIC STOOL The folds of origami and the use of one uncut sheet of material can be effectively strong. The exploration is the idea behind this stool are the folds that can make the leg a triangular prism to stand on its point. The shape becomes more interesting and allows negative space under the seat of the stool. The different angled legs lets users sit however they want, in whatever way they choose. It is versitile and beautiful in its folds.

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Process and Construction

INSPIRATION: GEOMETRIC FORM TRIANGLES PRISMS ICOSAHDRON

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Working with quarterscale, a 1 x 2 feet sheet, the triangle After scaling the quarter scale to the full scale, the net net to create the icosahedron shape. It consists of 30 trian- is drawn out on the full scale cardboard, sized 4 x 8 gles, 10 in each row. Then cutting the perimeter of the net, feet. each line is scored so it can bend, and part of the triangle grid is seen. Measured and calculated, the triangles are cut apart to create flaps for overlapping and slotting to transform the 2D net into a 3D structure.

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Working with the full scale made joinery and construction harder, as the size of the cardboard was huge. An error that happened were that the net of the triangles were are equaliteral. The additional tabs added creatd confusion and difficulty when planning and folding the rest of the structure for the chair.

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FINAL DESIGN KINDLE verb [ trans. ] arouse or inspire (an emotion or feeling)

Inspired by the Icosahedron and origami, the KINDLE chair embodies a geometric abstraction of the shape of a campfire.

The KINDLE chair belongs outdoors and used at a campfire, to be involved in community gathering and be surrounded by warmth, love, great feelings.

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structural issues material transformation and constraints This chair encompasses a solid triangular seat and a thin back support that is angled.

The open hollow space between the seat and the back is designed so that the heat from the fire will pass through the seat, capturing warmth in and around the chair. A small opening at the back, where the folds mimic a photography lens, the center hole allows the heat to escape and the cold and hot air can be recycled around the user.

The whole chair is created by folding and slotting triangles to create a strong seat and backing.

All angles of the chair are aesthetically pleasing:

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NET

human factors The KINDLE chair takes human factors into account. It fits the social needs of the people - in a way where it is physically mimics the shape of the fire, in a geometric form. It is one piece.

The idea of the chair being used serves its purpose in capturing warmth of the fire into the chair, showing another dimension of comfortability into the chair other than its physical comfort of the seat and the back.

The KINDLE chair is anthropometric and ergonomic because it does not have a rigid angle from seat to back. It is designed for a comfortable angle to rest on and sink into. Although it is low, it is designed like a yet still holds a comfortable and relaxing quality a chair has.

The chair is lower to the ground for a stoollike seating yet allows you to lean back for relaxation. Having the chair lower to the ground brings users closer together, and closer to the campfire, creating community, making group interaction easy.

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spatial relationships

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The chosen sense of place is in the outdoors, surrounded by a warm campfire in the chilly autumn weather.

This is a public space in a semi urban landscape.

Users will experience the campfire in a new way. The KINDLE chair is portable, light and takes aesthetically interesting by the fire. It belongs in the space of the outdoors as a one piece geometric structure, creating memory and identity.

IDENTITY

MEMORY

This new level of interaction with the product and space shows identity and personalization with the chair. Its shape closely mimics the shape of the fire, in a geometric form.

The warmth harvested into the chair allows a relationship with the user, enchancin an experience, and creates memories. The user will not only be welcomed with rlaxation, warmthcomfort, but also encourages social interaction.

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How To

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video

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FRONT

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PROFILE

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BACK

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

IMAGES http://www.lifeofguangzhou.com/node_10/node_35/node_116/node_610/img/2008/06/03/121246581 039525_1.jpg http://leonardodavinci.stanford.edu/submissions/clabaugh/images/vm/leonardo.jpg http://photos.northtemple.com/themeasureofman.png http://www.josdesigning.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Hedronic-Chairs-11-Furniture-Design.jpg# http://undrcrwn.com/storage/hc_210611_11-940x466.jpg?__SQUARESPACE_CACHEVERSION=1316127317994 http://www.lepota-rus.com/files/catalog/items/0/image_full-37-1311843105.jpg http://www.hermanmiller.com/research/solution-essays/supporting-the-spine-when-seated.html WEBSITES http://ceu.construction.com/article_print.php?L=95&C=371 Ingrid Sommar, Scandinavian Design. Carlton Publishing Group 2003. Pg84 http://anotherarchitect.net/ http://www.designboom.com/weblog/cat/8/view/11698/alexander-brink-antti-pulli-yksi-chair.html http://www.pleatfarm.com/2012/02/28/re-designing-led-packaging-by-bryant-yee/ http://www.idcanada.org/IDC/pdfs/Chair.pdf http://smartech.gatech.edu/jspui/bitstream/1853/6964/1/kelly_caroline_l_200505_mast.pdf http://thovsepi.wix.com/cardborigami#!inventor http://www.contemporist.com/2011/09/24/polymorphic-kinetic-installation/ Phyliss Richardson, New ideas Small Structures . Thames & Hudson Ltd, London, 2009.

Gjerde, Eric. Origami Tessellations. A K Peters, Ltd. Retrieved November 5 2012.

Jackson, Paul. Folding Techniques For Designers From Sheet to Form. Laurence King Publishing Ltd 2011.

Jackson, Paul. Structural Packaging. Laurence King Publishing Ltd 2012.

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KINDLE Chair

placemaking: the cardboard chair project VIVIEN LI IRD 300 OCT 24 2012 PROF VOGEL

KINDLE Chair