TUNG SHIN HOSPITAL
Content Introduction
1
Fast Facts
2-3
History
4-7
Founder of Tung Shin Hospital
8-9
Architecture Style
10-21
Building Materials
22-28
Building Construction
29-32
Architecture Components
33-51
Conclusion
52
Reference
53
Introduction
1
Kuala Lumpur is the capital city of Malaysia, it is located within the heart of Selangor state. There are mountains bordering the city except in the East, this is why Kuala Lumpur and its adjoining areas are called the ‘Klang Valley’.
Kuala Lumpur literally means ‘muddy capital’ in Malay, because of its establishment in the confluence of the Klang and Gombak rivers. At the time, the rivers were rich in tin metals, due to industrial growth, the demands of tin increases, attracted Chinese workers from China came to Kuala Lumpur to work in tin mining industry.
During the British colonial period which was in 1857 to 1957, the tin miners often embroiled in gang welfare, disrupting the peace and stability of the tin trade, The British authorities decided to appoint a Chinese captain, called ‘Kapitan’ to administer the area and ensure its order. Under the leadership by the third Kapitan, Yap Ah Loy, Kuala Lumpur transformed into a prominent commercial hub in Selangor.
Kuala Lumpur during British Colonial Period Chinese population increased as tin industry was glory at the time, mining activities were always in higher risk, medical care at the time was very much needed, this leads to the formation of one of the earliest traditional Chinese medical clinic in Klang Valley, Pooi Shin Tung, which was the foundation of Tung Shin Hospital. As time passed, Chinese workers started to stay permanently in Kuala Lumpur, formed families and businesses of their own. Pooi Shin Tung no longer able to handle the increased of medical needs, therefore it transformed to Tung Shin Hospital to serve the
increasing Chinese community.
Chinese Tin Mining Workers
Fast Fact- Location of Tung Shin Hospital
2
New Loke Yim Ward New Lee Yan Lian Ward
Chinese Medical Department Building Address: Tung Shin Hospital, 102, Jalan Pudu, 50200 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Tung Shin Hospital consists of five main parts, there are the Lee Yan Lian Building, the Haw Par Building, the Welfare Building, the Chinese Medical Department and the New Loke Yim Ward.
The nearby landmarks are Menara Maybank, Low Yat Plaza, Swiss-Inn Kuala Lumpur, Menara Olympia, Menara MDIF, Lanson Place Bukit Ceylon Service and Menare Kek Seng. Jalan Bukit Bintang
Jalan Pudu Tung Shin Hospital
Puduraya Bus Terminal
Site plan of Tung Shin Hospital Haw Par Building Welfare Building
Location of Tung Shin Hospital in Kuala Lumpur
Fast Fact- Function of The Main Buildings In Tung Shin Hospital
3
Welfare Building The Old Welfare Building was originally built to form a Male Healthcare Department. It consists of two bungalows, one was named as East Building and the other is West Building. Due to the malfunction of the two bungalows, they were demolished on 1959 and built New Welfare Building. Previously, the New Welfare Building was the place for the tradition Chinese medical department, Beijing and Nan Jing
Chinese Department and Chinese medicine pharmacy. Now, It is where the library and staff offices placed.
Haw Par Building Haw Par Building is the oldest building in Tung Shin Hospital. Haw Par Building’s function was changed throughout the years of its existence. At the early 1930, It was built as a grand hall. Then, Haw Par Building’s function was changed to Chinese medical outpatient department, office, staff hostel and western medical department. Now, it become the medical staff hostel and the Chinese medical library.
New Lee Yan Lian Ward The Old Lee Yan Lian Ward was built on 1974. It functions as the western medical department. The New Lee Yan Lian Ward was built at 1989. So that, the western medical department shifted to the new Lee Yan Lin Ward and the Old Lee Yan Lian Ward functioned as staff hostel until it was demolished at 2002.
History of Tung Shin Hospital
4
Tung Shin Hospital has been witnessed the development of Kuala Lumpur and Malaysian Society for the passed 222 years. In 1880, as Kuala Lumpur was made the administrative centre of Selangor state under British rule, the colonial government at the time not able to provide adequate
healthcare service to the increasing population in the city.
Therefore, Kapitan Yap Kwan Seng, the last Chinese Kapitan of Kuala Lumpur from 1889 to 1902, sponsored a private clinic named Pooi Shin Tung in Jalan Petaling. Pooi Shin Tung was the foundation of Tung Shin Hospital, it provided traditional Chinese medical service for the poor and mainly Chinese mining workers, it also provided funeral assistances.
Pooi Shin Tong
Kapitan Yap Kwan Seng
By 1890s, population grew rapidly in Kuala Lumpur with its neighboring mining area following the development of mining industry, commerce and infrastructure. As a result, Chinese population rose to about 40,000, more people searched for treatment at Pooi Shin Tung. Through the discussion with Chinese merchant Loke Yew, Kapitan Yap decided to to turn the private clinic into a community hospital so it could provide better resources to improve their service quality to the community.
Loke Yew
History of Tung Shin Hospital
5
The proposal to reorganize Pooi Shin Tong had widely supported by contemporary community leaders, such as Loke Yew, who started the donation activity by raising RM1,000, later was joined by Wong Hup Lee, Wong Hup Loong, Ko Siew Soon, Chan Sow Lin and others. In the end, a donation of more than RM10,000 was raised, Pooi Shin Tung converted from private run clinic into community run institution, and it was officiated as Tung Shin Hospital, a non-profit organization.
The Selangor Journal reported in details in pages 89, 95, 96 and 97 about the grand opening of Tung Shin Hospital on November 22, 1895 by Mrs Rodger, the wife of the Acting Resident.
Kapitan Yap
Loke Yew
Yap Loong Hin
Liang Xiang Ting
Huang Bao Zhi
Presidents of Tung Shin Hospital
Chan Tuch Chee
Qiu Man
Tung Shin Hospital in the early years
Liew Kwong Hon
Datuk Chong
Tan Sri Lee
Tan Sri Dato’ Lee
Tan Sri Dato’ Teo
Timeline of Construction of Buildings In Tung Shin Hospital
6
The old Loke Yim Ward was a female In 1881, the first Chinese medical
ward, it was funded by Kuala Lumpur’s
clinic, Pooi Shin Tung was formed
established miner and banker Mr Liew
by Kapitan Yap Kwan Seng. It was a
Weng Chi in remembrance of his
private clinic which operated first
mother, Madam Loke Yim. This one
at a shophouse located at Jalan
Old Loke Yim Ward
storey building was demolished during
Petaling and moved to its current
1950’s and the new two storeys Loke
premise in Jalan Pudu. It serves
Yim Ward was built later at the same
the mainly the poor and chinese
location.
mining workers.
New Wards n.d.
Pooi Shin Tung 1881
Early years of Tung Shin Hospital
Mdm Loke Yim
Old Loke Yim Ward 1933
Occupied by Japanese Army 1942-1945 Premise Returned 1950
1891 Tung Shin Hospital
1917 Ward One
1935 Haw Par Ward
By 1890s, Chinese population in Kuala
One of the earliest
Funded by Mr Aw Boon Haw
Lumpur grew rapidly until about 40,000
department building of
and Mr Aw Boon Par. It is
as its neighboring mining areas rose due
Tung Shin Hospital.
located at the main
to the development of mining industry.
Sponsored by Mr. Cheong
entrance of Tung Shin
Kapitan Yap Kwan seng decided to change Pooi Shin Tung into a community hospital
Mr Cheong Yoke Choy
Yoke Choy.
Har Par Ward Then
Hospital, it is the oldest of all the existing building. It
to improve its resources quality for the
was once a grand hall,
people. In 1891, Tung Shin Hospital was
medical department and
formed with the financial support by Loke
library, but it is now the
Yew, Wong Hup Lee, Wong Hup Loong, Ko
medical staff’s hostel.
Siew Sun, and Chan Sow Lin.
Har Par Ward Now
7 Tung Shin Hospital’s president
As the male ward demolished on
Tan Sri Lee Yan Lian funded to
1959, the original location was
build a three storeys building as
rebuilt a new two storeys medical
Western Medical Department.
ward, which is the Welfare Ward Male Ward
As the new Western Medical
Now. The building was funded by the Social Welfare Lotteries
Old Lee Yan Lian Ward
Board, donation by Hong Kong Welfare Ward Then
Department constructed, this building became staff’s hostel. This building was later
movie tycoon brothers Rumme
demolished in 2002.
and Run Run Shaw.
Old Lee Yan Lian Ward 1974
Welfare Ward 1961
Present Tung Shin Hospital
Tan Sri Lee Yan Lian
Welfare Ward Now
1951 Resumed Operation
New Loke Yim Ward
Present
1964 New Loke Yim Ward
1986 New Lee Yan Lian Ward
The old Loke Yim Ward was
This building was finished
demolished to build the new
constructed in 1988. It substitute
Loke Yim Ward. It was used as
the Old Lee Yan Lian Ward to place
female Chinese medical ward
the Western Medical Department.
at first, after that it became
New Lee Yan Lian Ward
It consists of 11 floors and
ordinary ward for the Western
contained of outpatient
Medical Department in 1976
department, specialist department,
until Lee Yan Lian Building was
surgery rooms, ICU, wards,
built. It is now the ward
pharmacy, X-ray room and other
keeping office.
western medical treatments.
The Founder of Tung Shin Hospital
8
The formation of Tung Shin Hospital today had been gone through uncountable processes of constructions, demolitions and renovations of the buildings it consisted. Today, the remaining buildings that were constructed from 1900 until 1990 include the new Lee Yan Lian Ward, new Loke Yim Ward, Haw Par Ward, and the Welfare Ward.
Current Tung Shin Hospital The architects who contributed to the designs and constructions of the buildings were cannot to be defined. However, the founder of Tung Shin Hospital is the fifth and lastast Kapitan of Kuala Lumpur, Kapitan Yap Kwan Seng.
Kapitan Yap Kwan Seng was born in 1846 and died in 1901. In his 55 years of lifetime, he marked an important chapter in the early history of Kuala Lumpur, Together with his contemporaries Kapitan Yap Ah Loy, Kapitan Yap Ah Sak, Loke Yew, Cheok Yeok and others, Yap Kwan Seng helped to shape the humanistic landscape of the city.
Selangor Kwang Tung Cemetery
Victoria Institution
Kapitan Yap Kwan Seng
Tung Shin Hospital
Tai Wah Ward
Chak Kai Association
Kapitan Yap Kwan Seng is a successful miner as well as a Hakka community leader. He founded or co-founded many important institution in Kuala Lumpur, such as Selangor Kwang Tung Cemetary, Victoria Institution, Tung Shin Hospital, Tai Wah Ward at the Pauper Hospital (forerunner of the Kuala Lumpur General Hospital), Chak Kai Association, most of them still exist today.
Jalan Yap Kwan Seng
Jalan Sin Chee Kee
Even the Brickfields area got its name from the
He owned tin mines, tin mining industry in Kuala Lumpur during the
brick factory he built there to take part in
British Colonial period was in its glory as a result from the industry
Kuala Lumpur first redevelopment project in
growth. By 1889, he employed up to 7,000 labours with tin
the late 19th century.
production outstripped that of Kapitan Yap Ah Shak. Meanwhile, as
Yap Kwan Seng was such prominent in Kuala
more mine workers suffered from various epidemics and diseases,
Lumpur’s history - the Jalan Yap Kwan Seng
Yap Kwan Seng established “Pooi Shin Tong” (forerunner of Tung Shin
and Jalan Sin Chee Kee (off Jalan Pudu) which
Hospital), one of Kuala Lumpur’s earliest charity bodies, to provide
was named after his shop.
free medical care and funeral assistance.
97
Tung Shin Hospital holds on 2 special meanings in the historical context of Malaysia Tung Shin Hospital represents the humanitarian spirit of the Malaysian society. It ensures proper healthcare for even the unprivileged. The growth of Tung Shin Hospital reflects interestingly that of Malaysian society. It started from caring for the poor in a particular ethnic group to serves people of any community from not only in Malaysia but from other countries.
9
10
Architecture Style By Sen Yih Yiing & Masoud Rmdn
CFA Voysey Cottages Style  Haw Par Ward 11-13
Arts And Crafts Movement - CFA Voysey Cottages Style
11
Haw Par Ward Haw Par Building is built on 1935, the oldest building among the wards in Tung Shin Hospital. It consists two levels and was functioned as a grand hall that held various events during the early years, but it is now the medical staff’s hostel. Generally, the building is rectangular in shape but its appearance is asymmetry.
Principle • Asymmetry in shape • The shape of the building is asymmetrical because of the bow window extended out from the originally rectangle building • Repetition • The continuous usage of stained glasses at the bow window gives the building an attractive appearance
Rectangular in shape
Asymmetry in shape The interesting features of the Haw Par Ward include the bow window in front covered with stained glasses, a large area of patio in the middle of the building, which the four sides of it are enclosed by rooms and spaces and the roof level which allows people access.
Elements • Colours • The reflection of sunlight makes the colours of the stained glasses become obvious. • Shapes • The used of circle and rectangles in constructing the shape of the plan
Colours
Haw Par Ward Floor Plan
12 Architecture characteristics of Haw Par Ward
• Focused on residential idiom. • There are numbers of rooms and spaces consisted in Haw Par Ward, suitable for various usage such as for hostel, offices and recreation area.
• Modest size • The size of Haw Par Ward is moderate for around 150 persons to be in, the spaces are in the comfortable size for people to conduct their respective activities. • Suiting user’s needs rather than stylistic and formalistic concerns • The architecture of Haw Par Ward is quite utilize, every single spaces are well used as dorms, recreation room and public toilets. It does not have lavish ornaments and decorations on the exterior as well as the interior spaces.
• Desire to simplicity • The spaces are well defined, the main spaces in Haw Par Ward such as the patio and hostel areas are well separated. The plan and elevations design are clear and simple without complex decorations and designs. • Maximum window space to allow natural lightning and ventilation
• Circular bay window at the front of Haw Par Ward allow a large amount of sunlight to penetrate in, the use of stained glasses allow the shadow formed to be various of colours, adds aesthetic visual texture to the interior spaces. The used of jalousie windows enhance the ventilation in Haw Par Ward, keep the air circulation constant and allow fresh air to filled up the environment. • Two storey foyer as main pivot of horizontally arranged frame emphasis • Haw Par Ward is a two storey building. At the interior of Haw Par Ward, there are four sides of two storeys hostels framing the patio in the centre.
13 Although Haw Par Ward was built in 1935, but by analyzing all these architecture characteristics of Haw Par Ward, they are all similar to the architecture style by C.F.A Voysey (pioneer of the modern movement), which are one of the Arts and Crafts Movement (1880 – 1910) during the early modernism.
‘discarding the mass of useless ornaments’ – Charles Vosey
Comparison between Har Par Ward with C.F.A. Voysey Cottages
Har Par Ward 1935
Lowicks 1894
Broadleys 1898
Bow Window
Har Par Ward 1935
Modest Size
Spade House 1899
Haw Par Ward 1935
Desire to Simplicity
14
Architecture Style By Hon Yi Hang & Masoud Rmdn
Prairie style  Welfare Ward 15-17
Early Modern Architecture Style - Prairie Style
15
Welfare Ward Welfare Ward was built in 1961. It was where Chinese medical departments, pharmacy and wards were placed, but now it consists of only library and mainly office used. Welfare Ward is rectangular in shape and it’s symmetrically balance.
Principle • Symmetrically Balance • The shape of the building is symmetrically balance in both sides. • Harmony • The building is made up of many different sizes of rectangles such as the middle tower, the entrance and windows, this shapes harmonizes together perfectly in this building.
Rectangular in shape
Symmetrical The central tower is higher than both its wings, forms hierarchy which attract attentions by the people, and guide the guide to walk to its entrance. There is a parking area at the centre of the building, surrounded by 3 block of 2 storeys building.
Elements • Lines • The lines of the building are formed by looking at the vertical columns and horizontal windows and roof lines.
Lines
• Texture • The used of glasses, concrete and blocks with the plants on the pergola give the building different textures.
Texture
Welfare Ward Floor Plan
16 Architecture Characteristics of Welfare Ward
• Low horizontal lines • The Welfare Ward consists on 2 storeys, which is the shortest among the modern buildings consist in Tung Shin Hospital. • Broad open spaces instead of strictly defined forms • The forms in Welfare Ward is U-shape with simple and obvious which consists only rectangular in both its elevations and plans. There is a large area at the center of the building , 3 sides of the open area is enclosed by 2 storeys offices and rooms, and the centre open space connects the Welfare Ward With the New Chinese Medical Department which is located behind.
• Distinction between the interior spaces and the surrounding terrains. • The semi-private and private areas in the welfare Ward is clearly separated by boundaries such as walls and rooms . • Unornamented exterior. • There is not much ornaments and decoration on the building. The decorative elements only the pergola, glasses and hollow blocks as ventilation medium and decorative element. Not carvings decorations are on the building. • Ribboned Window • There are a continuous row of windows located at the second floor of the building, give the building maximum sunlight to penetrate in.
17 By concluding all the research on the features of the architecture in the Welfare Building, Welfare Ward is a modern architecture influenced by the Prairie Style (Late 19th – Early 20th) from Early Modernism.
Comparison between Welfare Ward with Prairie Style architectures
Falling Water 1935
Heurtley House 1902
Welfare Ward 1961
Low Horizontal Line
Welfare Ward 1961
Ribboned Window
Robie House 1910
Welfare Ward 1961
Distinction between interior space and surrounding terrains
18
Architecture Style By Sen Yih Yiing & Masoud Rmdn
Brutalism  New Lee Yan Lian Ward 19-21
Mid 19th Century Modern Architecture Style - Brutalism
19
New Lee Yan Lian Building The New Lee Yan Lian Building is where the western medical department placed now. It was used to replaced the old Lee Yan Lian Building to placed he department as it constructed in 1986.
The New Lee Yan Lian Building is also rectangular in shape because of the shape is easy to function and it can be full utilized especially for hospitals. And It also symmetrically balanced.
Principle • Hierarchy • The middle building is the highest of all the buildings in Tung Shin, and from side, it looks pop up and attention catching • Emphasis • The colour of the middle tower is darker than the side wings’ walls, makes the middle tower to be the focus point of the building
Rectangular in shape
Symmetrically Balance The New Lee Yan Lian Ward Is the highest ward in Tung Shin Hospital. This building consists of elevators and it is enclosed into an opaque rectangular shape building.
Elements • Colour • The colour used on the middle tower and on the side wings are different which makes the middle building to be more stand out. • Lines • This building consists of 11 floors with distinctive balcony and floor lines
Colours and Lines
New Lee Yan Lian Ward Floor Plan
20 Architecture characteristics in New Lee Yan Lian Ward
•
Lack of ornament •
There are no carvings and decoration applied on the building, just the usage of different wall materials to for the texture of the building,
•
Emphasis on rectangular forms and horizontal and vertical lines •
As we can see, the shape of new Lee Yan Lian Ward was straight to the point, as it is an edgy rectangle and to be detailed, there a smaller rectangle in between 2 longer rectangles that formed the building.
•
Flat roofs •
The roof used is flat on the side wings but at the middle tower, the roof is slightly tilted to make some difference between the middle tower and the side wins.
•
Generous used of glass •
Glass is a main element in this building, from the ceiling to the ground floor, there are a lot of glass had been used to make as the gazing. The glass makes the building to look modernistic and less opaque.
•
Use of modern materials and systems •
The materials used in constructing the building are all factory manufactured, such as steels, glass, alumnium composite and bricks.
•
Emphasis on graphically expressing in the external elevations
21 The appearance of Lee Yan Lian is simple but elegant as the used of mainly glass, low toned colour and a very distinctive shapes of rectangular. Therefore, we concluded that this building is influenced by Brutalism architecture(1950s – 1970s) which was from mid – century modernism.
Comparison between New Lee Yan Lian Ward with Brutalism architectures
Unite d’Habitation 1952
Western City Gate 1980
New Lee Yan Lian Ward 1986
Emphasis of rectangular forms
New Lee Yan Lian Ward 1986
Generous used of glass
Hubert H. Humphrey Building 1977
New Lee Yan Lian Ward 1986
Use of modern materials and systems
22
Building Materials By Cheah Eugene
Stained Glass Mosaic Ceramic Tiles Terracotta Glass Block & Iron Grill Wire Mesh and Metal Grill Sliding Door Concrete Paver Block Aluminium Composite Panel Cladding
23 24 25 26 26 27 28
Stained Glass
23
Haw Par Building was built as a hall in 1935, it was converted into Chinese medical office,
out-patient hostel
and
and
undergo renovation once before.
decorated
The main construction for the
private houses. Usually the
building are bricks and concrete.
glass was fired, the
clinic,
cathedral the
and
even
windows
of
silver stain turned a yellow
western
The Welfare Building is
color that could range from
specialist center. Materials were
constructed
and
lemon to gold. Stained glass
still in partially good condition
completed 3 years later. The main
was usually used to make
but
some
construction materials for the
windows, so that the light
maintenance in the future.
building are bricks, concrete and
would
terracotta roof tiles with Prairie
painting, its one of the most
style. Lee Yan Lian Ward was
widespread forms of painting.
completed in July 2005. The old
Stained glass was usually used
ward was demolished in 2002 for
to make windows, so that the
designed differently because
the new building. The main
light would shine through the
were construct in a limited
construction for the building are
exterior colours to create lights
period of time due to pre-war.
bricks, cement, concrete. During
inside. The stained glass is very
Because of this, it was mostly
the
the
strong and long lasting if well
Renaissance period, stained glass
maintained. The building use a
was
foremost
very simple plain stained glass
techniques of painting practiced
window and its still in a very
in Europe especially on church
good condition.
still
need
Buildings materials were used during neoclassical and pre-war era. Most of the buildings
focus on simple Arts and Craft materials that are found locally. The previous paint of the Haw Par Building
building was pale white and
Gothic
one
in
1959
period
of
the
and
shine
through
the
Mosaic Ceramic Tiles
24
Mosaic ceramic tile has
all
using
before
decoration were also used in
Renaissance period. ceramic tiles
mosque. Mosaic ceramic tiles are
have been seen using in the
used on the floor and stairs of the
pyramids, the ruins of Babylon,
building.
and ancient ruins of Greek cities.
compare with other materials. It is
Decorative tilework was invented
harder and stiffer than steel, more
in the near east, where it has
heat and corrosion resistant than
enjoyed a longer popularity and
metals, and also less dense than
assumed a greater variety of
most metals and alloys. There are
design than anywhere in the
plenty of their raw materials and
world. During the Islamic period,
not costly. Ceramic tiles display a
been
since
methods
It
of
have
ceramic
tile
advantages
Welfare Ward wide range of properties which facilitate their use in many different product areas.
Welfare Ward
On the left: Ceramic tiles in Haw Par
Haw Par Ward
Terracotta
25 to be glazed in a wide variety of colors, including finishes that resemble stone or metal patina. Terracotta is not costly and glazing increases its durability and helps it retain its original look. The material is also resistance to water and fire. Its also popular that can preserve a very long material life if well taken care. Terracotta roof tiles used for the building is a barrel shape roof tiles that gives the roof line a look off texture and flow. Its one of the refinement and classical style for the building.
Haw Par Ward Terracotta is a ceramic material
Terracotta roof tiles is one of the
that
building
quality and beauty tiles and is a very
construction and decorative arts since
old materials till modern days. Clay
ancient times in cultures around the
has long been the traditional roof tile
world till now. The material is made
material, as terracotta provides both
from natural clay, which gives it a
strength
characteristic reddish-brown color. The
temperature and weather. The Gothic
color of the material varies slightly
revival style of architecture in the
depending on the clay used. Terracotta
19th
may be glazed for extra durability or to
terracotta, and the material became
provide color. It is a waterproof and very
increasingly
sturdy material there are also many
elements
ancient sculptures and decorative items
decoration. It is also lighter than
made from it are still in excellent shape.
stone, and modern methods allow it
has
been
used
for
and
century
insulation
has
used such
against
been
for as
using
structural walls
and
Welfare Ward
Glass Block, Iron Grill, Wiremesh & Metal Grille Sliding Door
26
Welfare Ward Small wire mesh added to the top of the small window to prevent insects from entering the room. Its also part of the materials to allow warm
Welfare Ward
air to escape the room.
Glass block was widely use in American Art Deco
Metal grille sliding door
Movement period. There are
are used for the entrance
various
design
to the second floor of the
especially for tall buildings or
Welfare Building provides
private use.
is a versatile
a strong security and not
Iron grille come from the
material that can be used for a
easy to break in. Its also
medieval period, use of ironwork
especially in the Baroque
variety
Thus
have fire resistance and
for decorative purposes became
and
allowing a limited amount of
easy to maintain, even
more common. Iron was used to
However, till modern time,
light to enter the space. The
easier to use. Commonly
protect doors and windows of
iron are less focus on
material were normally used to
use for shops entrance
valuable places from attack from
decorative
produce both walls and floors
during post-war time in
raiders and was also used for
protection.
because of its thickness. It has
Malaysia. Material itself
decoration as can be seen at
maintenance but will rust
a very strong resistance to fire
includes
Cathedral and buildings. Armour
easily if were not paint
and thickness. Its also can last
metal,
etc
also was decorated, often simply
properly or in contact with
many years as a building
depends the range of
but occasionally elaborately. From
water several times.
material.
budget for the structure.
the 16th century onwards, iron
type
of
of
purposes.
Welfare Ward
aluminum, steel,
and
Welfare Ward became
highly
ornate
Rococo
periods.
instead It
has
of less
Concrete Paver Block
27
Centre of the Welfare Ward Concrete
paver
block
is
first
Concrete
paver
blocks
established in Central and South
commonly
America in the mid 1960s. Soon,
flooring. They are made from
the material were introduced to
concrete
other countries such as Britain,
molded
Canada, Australia and many more
These concrete blocks do not wear
for the great demand of growth.
out easily and are fire resistance.
The benefits of the material is to
The reason it is used in the areas in
reduce the flood overflow during
the hospital like the centre of the
rainy days and erosion problem,
Welfare
such as the Welfare Ward and the
pathway in the Haw Par Ward as
Haw Par Ward is located at lower
they
ground level, most of the rainwater
transportation purposes, parking
come from the upper level will
and also people circulation. As
accumulate
mentioned, they’re very durable
at
both
areas,
therefore, the usage of concrete
used
and into
exterior
colourings, different
Ward
are
in
are
and
mainly
then
shapes.
also
used
the
for
and can cope with abrasion.
paver blocks is ideal. Pathway outside the Welfare Ward
Centre of Haw Par Ward
Aluminium Composite Panel Cladding
28 The New Lee Yan Lian Ward was renovated around 2008 by adding up the aluminium composite panel claddings on the middle tower. Before the renovation, the ward was all plain by only using only white paint as the finishing of the wall. The building looks plain and unattractive before. Aluminium composite panel cladding are one of the cladding that added for the building's decoration and also protect the building from harsh weather and temperature. During pre-war period, cladding on building are starting to expand after seeing how paint bonds to aluminum fuselages on World War II. The material only apply for the front elevation of the New Lee Yan Lian Ward to make the middle tower to become the focus point of the whole building by using different materials to create different textures to the building. The building now not only can be protected from harsh weather as it is located on the hill and it is the highest point of Tung Shin Hospital, it will receive most of the harsh weather such as strong wind, sunlight exposure, rain and thunder.
New Lee Yan Lian Ward before renovation
ALUMINIUM COMPOSITE PANEL CLADDING
New Lee Yan Lian Ward after renovation
29
Building Construction By Michael Kon Keen Yih
Introduction to Tung Shin Construction Lee Yan Lian Ward Welfare Ward Haw Par Ward
30 30 31 32
Introduction of Construction Method
30
In 1881, Tung Shin hospital was established and in a shop lot at Petaling Street and was
A bold expansion programmed for Western Medical
converted into a hospital than shifted to a
Department was initiated in 1985. This 10 storey
new address which is the current location
block with a total built-up area of 240,000 sq. feet
( Jalan Pudu)- Kuala Lumpur. It first started
was finally completed in 1989. It has a bed capacity
as a clinic then 3 major building was build
of 238.
on the site itself. (Ward One), (Loke Yew Ward) (Haw Paw Ward).
Tung Shin Hospital in its early years.
Lee Yan Lian Ward
Old Lee Yan Lian’s Construction Lee Yan Lian Construction in the early 80’s . Tung Shin Hospital president Tan Sri Lee Yan Lian donated half a million dollars to the Western in-patient ward. The philanthropist held a belief: money like fertilizers, needed to be widespread to be useful.
The early flat roof construction
Welfare Building
The Welfare Building in the sixties with its green field, which was later replaced by a three level car park. The Welfare Building (also known as Welfare Ward) has its construction started in 1959 with $234,000 donation by the Social Welfare Lotteries Ward. It was officiated by Datuk Ong Yoke Ling, then the official welfare minister. In 12 December 1961 after its completion in the same year. The Chinese Medical Department is operating in this second largest of the hospital’s existing building.
One-Way Joist Slab A joist or ribbed slab is cast integrally with as series of closely spaced joists, which in turn are supported by a parallel set of beams. Designed as a series of T-beams, joist slabs are more suitable for the longer spans and heavier loads than one-way
slabs.
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The Haw Par Ward Building
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A structure of the city notable for its historical and architectural value, the Haw Par Building was named after Mr. Aw Boon Haw and Mr. Aw Boon Par, the Singaporean tycoon brothers, with whose donation it was built in 1935. Mr. Aw Boon Haw came to Kuala Lumpur to officiate it in 2 February 1936. The Haw Par Building (also known as the Haw Par Ward), locate at the hospital main entrance,
is the oldest of all existing building. It is now used as medical staff hostel and the traditional Chinese medicine library.
As you can see, there’re holes on the walls for ventilation and natural day lighting is used on the design which is very common throughout the early modernism time.
The Haw Par building started using the concrete masonry walls after the 90’s construction method as it’s more cost saving and easily handled in small units and does
not need any formwork.
Concrete masonry foundation walls
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Architecture Elements & Components By Hon Yi Hang
Ribbon Window Casement Window Jalousie Window Circular Bay Window Floor To Ceiling Window
34 35 36 37 38
Windows- Ribbon Window
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Vertical Ribbon Window Vertical ribbon window can only be found at the front elevation of the Welfare Building. Vertical ribbon windows is a long row of vertical windows. Vertical ribbon windows are used to enhance the connection between the interior and the exterior. It also serves the same purpose as the horizontal ribbon window. Stained glass was applied on the circular bay window and ribbon window in order to enlarge the function of the window.
Bluish Green Stained Glass
Horizontal Ribbon Window Horizontal ribbon window is applied around the Welfare Building. Horizontal ribbon window is a long row of windows separated by vertical posts, called mullions. Horizontal ribbon windows can be used up high on a wall. It often
Horizontal Ribbon WIndow
used to bring in the natural lights to brighten up the interior. Windows installed near the ceiling are called clerestory windows. In the row of windows, some are fixed whereas some of them are movable.
Bluish green stained glass was applied on the ribbon window in order to enlarge the function of the window.
Vertical Ribbon Window
Windows- Casement Window
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Casement Window A casement window usually referred to window that is attached to its frame by one or more hinges. Hinge at the top part of the window is referred as awning window and the hinge at the bottom is called hoppers.
They are used singly or in pairs within a common frame. Casement windows are used at the central of the welfare building. It is often used to promote good air entry and ventilation.
Single Casement Window
Casement and Transom Window Casement and transom window is the combination Of few casement windows. Casement and transom window has the function same as casement window but it is stronger compare to the single casement window.
Paired Casement Window
Casement and Transom Window
Windows- Jalousie Window
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Jalousie window covered the whole Har Par building and part of the
Welfare Building. Jalousie window, also known as louvre window which is formed by parallel glasses or wooden set in a window frame. The louvers are linked together in a track in order to be open or shut in the same order. It allows ventilation through the entire window and maximizing the cooling and natural ventilation.
The jalousie window of the Haw Par Building
Jalousie window also can remain open during heavy rain. As the glass louvers are protruding outwards, rain water are refrain from entering through the windows. Hence, ventilation still can be maintained during heavy downpour.
The jalousie window of the Welfare Building
Windows- Circular Bay Window
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Circular bay window is built in semicircular shape which can be found at the front and back elevation of the Haw Par building.
At the front elevation, the circular bay window is divided into three parts; each part is formed by a combination of three vertical
windows. As the front elevation of Har Par building was facing the entire hospital and the main road, provides a good panoramic view of the surrounding and a source of natural lightning to brighten the interior.
Back Elevation
Whereas, the semicircular part at the back elevation is fully covered up with seven rows of horizontal circular bay window. Circular bay window is applied to maximize the penetration of sunlight. At the same time, it can also provide a spacious interior .
Different colour of stained glass also applied on the circular bay window to make it look more attractive.
Stained glass in different colour Front Elevation
Windows- Floor- to- Ceiling Window
Floor-to-ceiling windows are applied on the whole New Lee Yan Lian Ward. It is a type of large window which can allow the light enter the interior from multiple angles. Meanwhile this window is used to linked the interior with the external surrounding by providing a good visualization from the Inside.
Floor-to-ceiling window of the New Lee Yan Lian Ward
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Architecture Elements & Components By Ling Yuan Ming
Metal Grille Sliding Doors Louvered Doors Steel Doors With Grid Form Doors with Glass Panels Aluminium Glass Doors
40 40 41 41 42
Stairs
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Doors
40 Metal Grille Sliding Doors Also known as retractable steel doors,
Louvered Doors Additional design on a normal door,
they have existed since the early 20th
louvered doors have diagonal pieces that
century and have been widely used from
create openings. The diagonal strips are
within spaces to the main door of shop lots.
meant for ventilation, especially for places
This type of door provide maximum
which have limited spaces while
ventilation, vision and also lighting, not
maintaining privacy and security, not
forgetting protection. The skeletal structure
forgetting a little bit of natural lighting.
enables people from within to see what is on the outside. They come in various sizes and can fit to almost all openings. Retractable metal door used to separate the hallway and the main area. Doors semi closed (Bottom third from the left).. Doors shut entirely when the higher floor is not in service or at night (Bottom second from the left). The main entrance of Haw Par Ward – After opening hours, these doors will close from both sides. Doors are fully opened in the image above.
The metal louvered door is usually used for mechanical storages such as pumps, generators and others. The wooden ones are more often used for individual spaces such as rooms. In this hospital, a small clinic.
Doors
41 Doors with Glass Panels
Steel Doors with Grid Form
A classic solid wooden door with additional glass panel. Started
Available and started using
using since the very early 20th
from the late 19th century to
century to not only increase
the early 20th century. The
visibility but also enhances the
main use of grid form barriers
door aesthetically. It also helps in
is for safety purposes. They
natural lighting of the spaces
are installed both on ground
inside.
and also high rise balcony and usually seals the entire opening, leaving an usable door space. They play their role well by preventing breakins. It is the first line of
Above : Wooden door with a Haw Par Ward – Hallway Doors
single glass panel opening to a
defense that doesn’t require
clinic
power supply or regular maintenance. This type of door is widely
used for these purposes as steel is widely used and is easy to obtain at that era. Both the Welfare Ward and
Above :
Haw Par Ward uses this type
Wooden door with two glass panels,
of door despite their construction gap.
above and below each other On the left :
On the left: Use of grid form
Welfare Ward – Hallway Door
grills from the door to ceiling
On the right :
and also fully-grilled door
Main entrance into the recreation
with a padlock.
club, Welfare Ward
Doors
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Aluminum Glass Doors Glass was discovered very early but the production was too dearly. In 1959, Pilkington Brothers made float glass, a much cheaper and stronger glass. However, the combination of glass and aluminum for making doors and also windows has begun since the 1890s.
Glass and aluminum combined doors are used as they look classy, the silver colour of aluminum and the reflection from the glass. The glass allows full penetration of sunlight and vision. It used in many places such as doors, windows and balustrades. This type of doors are usually used at places which Aluminum is founded in the 19th century but is not widely used as it is too expensive and is hard
are welcoming and wanting people to know what is inside.
to obtain until WWII. During that time, there was
Above : Brown aluminum giving a different
mass usage of aluminum. After WWII, new and
feeling, looking secure.
faster methods are found to obtain aluminum
Most left : An entrance to the receptionist
and it is widely used after that as it is light but
counter, double door with handles - Haw Par
very strong and durable. Besides, its clean look
Ward
does not require additional refurbishment.
Middle : Side entrance to the ward
Stairs
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The entrance to the Haw Par Ward is located slightly above the ground with three flight of stairs (Image 1). Build in 1935, the step stairs has existed for more than 3000 years since the 18th Dynasty (1320BC). Even though step stairs are considered old, they are implemented here in this building. The stairs in the Welfare Ward belongs to the half landing type of stairs. One is present at each side of the building. The interior can Stairs is one of the oldest building in the
be seen on the panoramic picture above.
architectural history. It is believed that the first The stairs is covered by a block of hollow
appearance of stairs is 6000BC. From that
core concrete bricks, providing vision,
moment, stairs has evolved tremendously from
ventilation and also natural lighting during the
carved wooden trunk to cantilevered glass stairs
day, not forgetting privacy.
now. The Modern Era, reinforced concrete stairs has started being used since the late 19th century
Stainless steel is also present to provide
and can be seen in both Haw Par and Welfare walking support for the elderly and also the
Ward. The surface is covered with ceramic tiles to enhance the stairs aesthetically.
Image 1
patients.
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Architecture Elements & Components By Sen Yih Yiing
Wooden Pergola Awning Air Vents Roofing Columns Fencings
45 46-47 48 48-49 50 51
Shadings- Pergola
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Pergola For centuries, pergolas had been served as shade and shelter for the people during inclement weather. The pergola is the earliest open-air lattices with supporting pillars and it is covered with climbing vines and fruit bearing tress. Their popularity rose during the Renaissance.
Pergola in Modern Architecture – Ancher House by Sydney Ancher (1955) “roof dissolves into a pergola at the southern side of the building, which becomes an architectural feature of the garden. The original drawings show pergolas bridging the space between the house and the northern courtyard wall and extending from the verandah roof to the garden� Ancher House
Wooden Pergola Pergola is a garden feature which forms a shaded walkway, passageway, or sitting area or vertical posts or pillars that usually support cross-beams and sturdy open lattice.
The material of the cross beam above the pergola are wood beams painted with white paint for weather protection, as n insulator and also to prevent corrosion.
Wood is used in pergola because it adds aesthetic natural material to the concrete building, and fits perfectly for the environment of the garden-like passageway, gives walkers a fresh feeling when then walk through it.
The complicated arrangement of vines grew on the pergola forms a natural shading element which blocks the penetration of sunlight, allows the temperature of the passageway to be lower and the environment can be more comfortable The irregular shapes of the shadows formed add virtual texture to the environment, make the pathway to has a patterns of natural lightings that can lightened up the pathway.
Welfare Ward
Shadings- Awnings
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The usage of awning was most well known in the colosseum during ancient Rome. Awning was also called the Velarium which was a Latin name given for the retractable, panelled, awning, its purpose was to provide shade for the spectators who watched the gladiatorial games in the blistering sun and heat of Ancient Rome.
Awnings in Colosseum
Awnings in Modern Architecture – LNEC Building (1946) by P. Pardal Monteiro An example of usage of awnings in modern architecture can be seen in the LNEC main building in Lisbon, Portugal.
The LNEC main building was built in 1950, it is one of the most representative examples of the extension of Portuguese Modernism. Its modernist features include the long symmetric façade, high doors and ceilings.
The picture on the most right shows eight of the seventy two tilted yellow awnings on the south façade of the building. The awnings are used during the summer season and removed in winter.
LNEC Main Building
Awnings at the south facade
Shading- Awnings
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Concrete Awning Concrete awning is used at the entrance of Welfare Ward. Because patients are delivered in front of the entrance, the awning can protect the patients from rain and sun.
The advantage of concrete awning is that it is weatherproof and long-lasting. It required less maintenance and it can efficiently provides weather protections to the people.
Concrete Awning Welfare Ward
Aluminium Awning The sidewalk and each levels of French windows at the new Lee Yan Lian Ward used aluminium awning as shading.
Aluminiums are light in weight and corrosion resistance. Alumium awning is used as it is hard wearing for external covering, it is used to control light penetration, radiant heat that enable the temperature of the interior to be lower and cool.
Aluminum Awning New Lee Yan Lian Ward
Shading- Roofing
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Polycarbonate Roofing Polycarbonate roofing is high performance rooflighting, it has high impact strength, lightweight, thermal and weather insulation.
The semi-transparent polycarbonate roofing used at the patio allows moderate sunlight to penetrate in, lightened up the building so the open space in the interior will not seem humid and dark.
The polycarbonate roofing prevent rain water from entering the interior of the building, so water will not accumulate at the grooves on the floor, eliminate the risk of slippery and mosquitoes growing. The fans installed allows ventilation in the closed patio.
Haw Par Ward
Ventilation- Air Vents Air Vents Ventilation and efficient air circulation is important for a hospital to keep the air constantly fresh and prevent contagion of bacteria.
Haw Par Ward
The air vents used in Welfare Ward are the pierce blockwall, which are made of hollow bricks, while Haw Par Ward used the less decorative ventilation openings.
The concrete air vents not only ensure the hospital to stay hygienic, allow hot air to transfer out to
keep the interior cool, but they also act as ornaments for the building. They make the building to look more aesthetic and less opaque.
Welfare Ward
Type of Roof
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Flat Roof Flat roof is widely used in the buildings of Tung Shin Hospital. Flat roof is easier to construct and
generally more accessible. But this type of roof requires constant maintenance because debris will gather on it with nowhere to go.
Flat Roof
Arched Roof
Haw Par Ward
Arched Roof Arched roof prevents rainwaters and debris from accumulating on it, less maintenance needed, and it is typically only used on a portion of the building, as seen in Haw Par Ward, it is used only at the balcony area. It definitely adds a great aesthetic touch to the architecture.
Hip Roof Hip roof is similar to the pyramid roof, but the difference is that the four sides of hip roof meet at a ridge or a flat spot. Hip Roof
Flat Roof
Welfare Ward
Hip roof is architecturally more practical as there is virtually no change for water accumulation as the four sides are angled. Moreover, it is less vulnerable to high winds and can be used in all types of climates.
Skillion Roof This type of roof is a single sloping roof surface. The skillion roof used in the New Lee Yan Lian Ward makes the building in the middle stands out from it’s side wings which are made of flat roof, adds a Skillion Roof
Flat Roof
New Lee Yan Lian Ward
slight visual effect to the building.
Vertical Elements- Columns
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Exterior Columns The exterior columns are in rectangular and circular in shapes, the material of the columns are also concrete, as concrete is good in strength, enable to withstand higher pressure and durable.
The exterior columns act as a safety element as they form a boundary to guide people to walk within the safe area and lead them to their destinations.
The exterior columns also make the building to look less solid as them form an open public space and promotes ventilation and penetration of natural sunlight.
Welfare Building Le Corbusier’s 5 Points of Architecture
Pilotis
Roof Garden Free Façade Ribbon Window Free Plan
Interior Columns The buildings commonly used open plan as their design, which is one of the well known characteristics of modern architecture proposed by Le Corbusier in his 5 points of architecture. Concrete columns are shown in the interiors of the buildings that shows the open plan, provides the flexibility for the spaces arrangement. It also allows larger open space for the high circulation of people in the hospital.
New Chinese Medical Ward
New Loke Yim Ward
Vertical Elements- Fencings
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Concrete Fencing Concrete fencing is used at the New Lee Yan Lian Ward for safety purpose. Concrete has long durability, corrosion resistance and it is chemical resistance too.
Green plants are planted on the concrete fencing to provide safety to the people on the sidewalk. It also add up the variation of colours and textures to the environment so the surrounding will not be only covered by manufactured materials but also has a taste of natural elements.
Concrete and Plants Fencing New Lee Yan Lian Ward
Plants Fencing As the Welfare Ward is located on a small slope, the plants fencing functions the same, as it ensure people safety and form borders that guide people to walk on the correct path. The plants fencing makes the environment to be peaceful and fresh and the mood of the people walking by can also be enlightened.
Plants Fencing Welfare Ward
Conclusion
Tung Shin Hospital had been standing at Kuala Lumpur from 1881 until today. It watches the changes of Kula Lumpur’s environment, surrounding and also the transformation of Kuala Lumpur’s architectures. Tung Shin Hospital been through countless of renovation, demolition and rebuild, most of the buildings remained in Tung Shin Hospital are influenced by early modern architectures. Tung Shin Hospital didn’t abandoned the important history and special features of their architectures, in fact, they renewed it, maintained the historical building as well as make them functionable until today so that people can actually experience the unique charm of the remaining historical modern architectures.
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Kathryn, K. (2014). Idea Books, 10 Different Types of Roofs For Your Home, [Website] Retrieved from http://www.houzz.com/ideabooks/113065/thumbs/10different-types-of-roofs-for-your-home
Kuala Lumpur History Guide. (n.d.). Kuala Lumpur Information, Kuala Lumpur History, Location, Information, [Website] Retrieved from http://www.kualalumpur.ws/klhistory.htm
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Tung Shin Hospital. (2014). Tung Shin Hospital, Overview, [Website] Retrieved from http://www.tungshin.com.my/about-us/overview/
Tung Shin Hospital. (1962). Tung Shin Magazine, Kuala Lumpur, Tung Shin Hospital.
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SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE BUILDING & DESIGN Centre for Modern Architecture Studies in Klang Valley Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Architecture ARCHITECTURE CULTURE & HISTORY 2 [ ARC 60203] Project 2: Web Book Student Name: Cheah Eugene Hon Yi Hang Ling Yuan Ming Masoud Ramedani Michael Kon Keeh Yih Sen Yih Yiing
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