2003 13 komir alyohin

Page 1

I

,,

KoMHp 3. B., MeXJ1H A. A., ~M

Anex~ttHa

H. H.

6oTaH~YeCK~R caA XapbKOBCKoro HBU~OHBDbHOro yH~Bepc~TeTa Kapa3~Ha, YKpa~Ha, r. XapbKOB, yn. KnoYKOBCKBR,

B.H.

52, 61022

HEKOTOPbiE OC06EHHOCTII1 OHTOfEHE3A ECHINACEA PALLIDA (NUTT.) NUTT. EX SITU ,3xwtat~eJt 6.rreOHQ5l (Echinacea pal/ida (Nutt.) Nutt.) npmnpaCTaeT B npep>uix Coe;::omeuuhrx illTaToB AMepHKH (1, 4). B KYJ1hType npen:noqHTaeT xopowo o6pa60TBHHhlC, HC CJIHIIIKOM YBJ1B)I(HCHHhlC noqBhl, COJ1HC 1HIOC MCCTOTIOJJO)I(CHHC. YkTIOJ1h3YCTCH KBK J1CKBpCTBCHHOC H JJ:CKOpaniBHOC paCTCHHC. C JJCKBpCTBelfHOti I.J,CJ1hiO 3Bf0TaBJ1HBBTOT COI.I,BCTHH, Tpasy, KOpHH H KOpHCBHII~a. riocne.uuHe BKJIIO'ICHhi s uai.J,HOHaJihHhiM <t>apMaKoneiiuhiM <t>opMynnp CWA. fipenapaThl H3 3XHHBI.J,CH npHMCIDIIOTCH B fOMCOTIBTHH npH JJHXOpa,uKe, rHOMHhiX npoQeccax, .n:nn CTHMynHQHH pa6oThJ nHM<t>aTHqecKHX yJnos. KaK .n:eKopaTHBuoe pCKOMCH.U:YeTCH .ll:JlH pa6aTOK H 6opn:IOpOB, a TaK)I(C HB CpC3

I

'.

.

.

0

(1, 4).

$

B E A Puc. 1. 3xuuauest 6Jiell.uast CeMstHKa: A- o6muu BUll., li- npoli.OJibHbiM pa1pe1, B - nonepe'IHbiH pa1pe1 fipH HJyqeuHH .U:BHHOfO BH.U:B HBMH npHIDITB TCpMHHOJ10rHH OHTOfCHC3a COUIBCHO "U:euononynHUHH paCTCHHM (0CHOBHhiC ITOIDITHH H CTpyKTypa)"

(8).

f1p11 Mop<t>onorHqCCKOM OITHCBHHH HCITOJ1h30BaJIH CXCMY H TCpMHHOJ10fHIO B COOTBeTCTBHH C BTJ1BCBMH ITO OTIHCBTCJ1hHOM Mop<t>onorm! BhiCIIIHX pBCTCHHH

(2, 6 - 7).

,l.ViH HCCJ1C.ll0BBHHH 6biJIH B3HThl CCMHHKH, TI011YtJCHHhiC 113 60TBHH-

r. EepnHua (fepMaHHH), KBK nnO.Uhi :JXHuaueH y3KOJ1HCTHOH (E. DC). f1031J.HCC, HCTIOJ1h3YH pa60Thl OTC'ICCTBCHHhiX BBTOpOB ( 4)

'ICCKOfO ca.n:a angustifoia

HBMH 6biJ10 onpC.llCJ1CHO, q'fo 3TO CCMHHKH 3XHHBUCH 6J1ClJ.HOll. fipH H3Y'ICHHH ee OHTOreHe3a B YCJ10BIUIX

r.

Ex libris: ТРАВЫ ЖИЗНИ. http://medherbarium.blogspot.com

XaphKOBB HBMH 6biJIO YCTBHOBJ1CHO, q'[Q nepHO.ll

51


nepBI1'-IHOfO f!OKOH (IIaTeHTHb!H) (pHC. 1) rrpe,'lCTaBJieH CeM~HKaMH OKOJJO 4 MM .D,JU!Hhl, np}!MblMH; UHJII1H.D,p11'-!eCKI1MH, C KOpOHKOH, roJibiMH, 'leTb!pexrpaH-

Ka,LI,a HJOHj[). I1MMaTypHhle (npeMaTypHb!C) OC06!1. Y

HbiMI1, cseTno-KopHI.JHeBhiMI1, KopoHKa - TeMHO-KopHI.JHeBa}!. Py6I.JHK 6maJih-

pa3BJ1BaJOTCH flj[Tb!H H UJeCTOH JIHCTh~. 0TMHpaer nepBbiH JIHCT. f1pOL(OJI)J(J1-

HhiH, 'leThrpexyronhHhiH. CeM~ 6e3 3H.D,ocrrepMa, 3apo,LI,biUJ oi.JeHh 6oJJbUJOH.

TeJibHOCTb )J(J13HH HMMaTypHbiX OC06eiJ 28- 30 .LlHeH (nepB~- TpeTb}! L(CKa,LI,a

A6coJIJOTHa}! Macca O.LI.HOH ThiC~'lH ceM~HOK cocTaBJIMa 2,8

r.

B na6opaTopHhiX ycJJOBI1HX np11 TCM-

rrepaType 20°C ceM~HKH npopaCTaJOT Ha 5 -

6 ,LI,eHh,

rrp11 ITOCeBe B rpyHT BeCHOH - Ha 17 - 20 ,LI,eHb. Jla6o-

paTOpH~ scxo)J(eCTh TepaType

11MeJOTC~

70

%,

noJJesa~ -

50

%. B

JIH-

nponmope'IHBhie )).aHHhie, xapaK-

Tep113YJOmHe BCXO)J(eCTb CeMj[HOK 3XHHaQeH 6Jie,LI,HOH. f1pereHepaTHBHhiH

(B11prHHHJibHh!H

f1popocTKI1 (scxo,LI,hr) (pHc. 2). K

nepHO,LI,).

rrpopocTKaM OTHo-

C}!TC~ OC06H, HMeJOmHe CeM}!)J,OJJH 11 nepBb!e ,LI,Ba JIHCTa. fHnOKOTHJlb 0,5 - 0,6 CM )J,JIHHhl, 0,1 CM B ,LI,HaMCT-

I ,0

pe, ronhrii, oKpaweHHbiH. CeM}!,LI,OJIH )J,JIHHbl, 0, 7 CKHC;

1,3

eM

1,0 CM U111p11Hhl, lliHpOK03JlJIHf!TH'le-

)J(HJIKOBaHHe rrepHCTO-CeT'laTOe,

)J(HJIKa

--

Bbll1YKJia~,

Tepj[JOJUa}!Cj[;

l(eHTpaiibH~

'laCTb

HH)J(H}!~

qe-

pemKa o6pa3yeT Tpy6Ky HJIH BJiafaJIHll(e i(JIHHOH 1,41,6 CM. 3nHKOTHJlb He pa3BHT, BCXO)J,hl HMeJOT cpopMy p03eTKH. JlHCTb~ pa3BHBaJOTCH no O)J,HOMy, J111CTOpacTIOJ10)J(CHHe BKJHl,llHOC. f1JiaCTHHKa nepBOfO JIHCTa 5,0 - 5,4 CM )J,JIHHhl, 0,6- 0,7 CM illHpHHhl, UCJibHa~; nnoCKa}!,

JiaHIJ,eTOBHL(H~,

)J(eCTKOBOJIOCHCT~:

BOJIOCKH

pacnOJIO)J(eHHbie Ha TIOL(CTaBKaX, HeBeTBI1CTb!C, CJIO)J(Hble, 'IJieHHL'Tbie, KOHH'leCKHe; )J(HJIKOBaHHC nepHCTOCeT'laToe,

QeHTpaiibH~

)J(lfJIKa BbJTIYKJia}!,

Tep~IOIUaj[­

C51; qepemOK 7,0 - 7,5 CM L(JlHHhl, onymeH TaKHMH )f(e BOJIOCKaMH, KaK H llJiaCTHHKa. tJiaBHblH KOpeHb 1(11JIHH.D,pH'ICCKHH.

8

cpmy CeMj[L(OJieH

Ha'lHHaeT BCT-

BHThC}! Ha KOpHH BTOpOrO ll0p51,LI,Ka, B tj.la3y nepsoro

\

~

I

JII1CTa -

Ha KopH11 TpeThero nopj[LJ:Ka. CeM~JJ.OJIH OT-

BTOporo fO,LI,a BCfeTaUH11. Oco611 HaxO.D,HTC~ B COCTO~HJ111 p03eTKH (yKOpO'ICHHOfO sereraTI1BHOro no6era). Ha rHrrOKOTI1ne 3aKJia,LI,biBaJOTC51 no'IKH B03o6HOBJieHH}!. fJiaBHb!H KOpeHb 1l,OCTHfaeT 23,0 -

HhiH nep110LI:. ieHepaTHBH~ qacTb rnasnoro no6era Q.lopMHpyerc~ 113 TepM11nanbnoi1: nOI.JKI1 BereTaTHBHOro B rrepBOH L(CKa,LI,C HIOHH BTOpOrO ro,LI,a )J(I13HI1.

-

11 BeTBJ1CHI1e rnaBHoro KOpHH. YseJIH'lHBaeTc~ ,LI,Ha-

B

7 naHQeTOBI1LJ:HhiX JIHCTheB. ,lVI11Ha JIHCTO-

15,0 CM (B HI1)J(HCH 'laCTI1 no6era) )J,O 8,0- 9,0 CM (B cpe,nHeH 'laCTI1 no6era)

11 2,5 - 3,5 eM (s sepxHei1 qacTI1 no6era). B rra1yxax JIHCTheB cpe1l,neii qacTI1 no6era Ha'IHHaiOT pa3BHBaThCH 6oKOBhre no6er11. CTe6enh rpaH11CTbiH, )J(CCTKOBOJIOCHCThiH ( BOJIOCKI1 TaKI1C )J(e, KaK Ha JII1CTe). 06pa3yeTC~ OLI:HO COUBeTHe-KOp311HKa. 0Ho rrpocToe, c yKopO'IeHHOH OChiO. Ero o6sepTKa KOp311HKI1 6JIIO)J,UeBH1l,Haj[, Ll:ByxpH)J,flaj[. J1HCTO'IKI1 06BeprK11 JIHCTOBH1l,Hhie; 3eJICHhiC; paBHble (B 3aBI1CI1MOCTI1 OT pa3Mepa); TpaBHHI1CThle (B 3aBI1C11MOCTI1 OT KOHCI1CTeHU1111); orrymeHHhie: onyiiieHI1C meri1H11CTOe (BOJIOCKH TaKHe )J(e, KaK Ha no6ere); cso6oLJ:Hhie, npOLI:OJirosaTo-TpeyronhHhie (napy)J(Hhre) 11 npoLJ:onrosaThie (sHyrpeHHHe) (p11c. 3). Kop311HKa BhiCOThi,

1,5 -

KOHH'leCK~, reTeporeHH~, 2,0- 3,0 eM

2,5 eM III11p11Hhi, MHOrOQBeTKOB~. KpaeBhre QBeTKI1 j[3hT'IKOBbie,

CTepHJihHhie, 2,0 - 2,5 CM 1l,JII1Hhl, 0,3 -

0,8 CM IIIHp11Hhl, Ll:BY3Y6'laThre, rryp-

nypHh!e. Co3peBaHI1e llJIO)J,OB Ha'li1HaeTC~ c nepBOH )J,eKa,LI,hl cenTH6pH.

nocne

C03peBaHI1H CeMHHOK (B rrepBOH )J,eKa,LI,e OKTH6p.S1) Ha'II1HaeTCH OTM11paHI1C reHCpaTHBHOH 'laCTI1 II06era. K KOHQY BefCTaUHOHHOfO rrep1101l,a OTM11paeT Bere-

TaTHBH~ qacTh rnaBHoro no6era. Ha pa3pociiieJicj[ ero 6aJanhHOH qacTH, BTHHyroi1 B 3eMJIIO Ha my611Hy 1,0 -

1 ,5 CM, 3aKJia,LI,hiBaiOTC.SI noqKI1 B0306HOBJie-

HI1H.

A A, I I

IOBeHHJibHbiX OC06CH pa3BHBaeTC}! TpeT11H H 'leTBCp-

KpyiTHCC. f1p01l,OJI)J(aCTCH pOCT

6-

BOM llJiaC411HKI1 14,0- 18,0 CM, ill11p11Ha 2,4-4,8 CM. ,[(rrHHa qepeiiiKa OT 13,0

MHpaiOT B TpeTbeH L(eKa,LI,e Maj[. f1p01l,0Jl)J(HTeJibHOCTb

CTKOB, ITO pa3MepaM -

8

TpeTbeH L(eKa,LI,e 11IOHH no6er L(OCTHraeT 75,0- 85,0 CM Ll:JIHHhl, 0,5 - 0,7 CM B LJ:HaMeTpe. Ha HeM o6pmyeTCH

TbiH JII1CTbH, no cpopMe CXO)J,HbiC C J111CTb51MH npopo-

flpopOCTOK

25,0 CM MHHhl, 0,4 - 0,5 CM B

LJ:I1aMerpe. K KOHQY sereraQHOHHoro nepHOLJ:a JIHCTb51 OTMHpaiOT. feHepaTI1B-

pen~ - TpeTh51 LJ:eKaLJ:a Ma~). IOseHHJibHhre oco6H. Y

Puc.2. 3xunaqeR 6.ut)/laJI.

MCTP nmoKOTHJIH.

HJOJ!j[). BHpfHHHJibHb!e 0C06H. 803paCTHOC COCTOHHHC Ha'II.fHaeTC}! C nepBOH LJ:CKa,LI,hi asrycTa nepsoro roL(a )J(H3HI1 11 JaKaH'IHBaeTcH B rperbeM .neKaLJ:e M~

)J(lf3HI1 npopOCTKOB 45 - 50 .D,HeH (BTOp~ ,LI,eKaL(a an-

I

HMMaTypHbiX OCo6eii

A

.6

Puc. 3. 3xuuau:eH 6Jie;J;HaSJ. JluCToq1m o6sepTKH: A- uapy'KHble, li - BHyTpeuuue

nmyxax JII1CTbeB 3aKJia,LI,biBaJOTCH rro'IKH. IlponomKH-

TC.'IbHOCTh 1l,aHHOro B03paCTHOfO COCTOHHHH 25 - 28 L(HeH (nepBa51-TpCTbSI .T(e-

5?

Ex libris: ТРАВЫ ЖИЗНИ. http://medherbarium.blogspot.com

53


TaKMM o6pa30M, I13yqeHMe mnoreHe3a 3XHHaueH 6ne,nHoil B ycnoBHHX cesepo-BoCToKa YKpaHHhi B TeqeHHe .nsyx neT noKa3anO, qTo B ero BMpnmHJihHOM nepHO)J,e pacTeHHe npOXO)J,I1'f BCe LfeTbipe B03paCTHbie COCTOHHIUI. 0CHOBHhiMI1 KaLfeCTBeHHhiMH npM3HaKaMM B03paCTHhiX COCTO}IHMH }IBJl}llOTC}I: )l.JU! npopOCTKOB - HaJlMLfHe CCMH)J,OJleH, )J,JIH IOBCHHJlhHhlX OC06efl - 3aKJla,ll,Ka na3YWHhiX TIO'feK, MH MMMaTypHhiX oco6efl - OTMHpaHHe nepaoro JlMCTa, ,[(JIH a11priiHHJihHhiX oco6ei1 - 3aKJia,nKa noqeK B0306HOBJieHMH Ha rHnOKOTMJie. B nepBhiH ro.n )IOBHM o6pa3yeTca yKopoqeHHhiH aercraTMBHhiH no6er c xopowo pa3BI1Th!MH p03eTO'fHhlMH JIHCThHMll. I1HTpO,nyu,eHT xapaKTepinyeTCH 6biCTpbiM TeMTIOM pa3BHTMH: reHepaTHBHhlll nepHO)J, HaCTynaeT Ha BTOpOM ro,ny :>KH3Hll. I1o6erH MOHOKapnuqecKHe, B0306HOBJieHMe CHMnO,ll,HaJlhHOe. Kopueaa» CHCTeMa npe,nCTaBJieHa CHCTeMOH rnaBHOfO KOpHH. Bee H3JIO:>KeHHoe coqeTaeTC» c oco6enHOCTHMH npoxo:>K,neHM» OHToreHe3a 3XImaueH 6ne,nHoii a ycnoaM»X JiecocTenw YKpaHHhi, onwcaHHhiMH paHee (3 -

5). Jiu6nuorpa4luH 1. AnexHH A.A., KoMMp 3.B. 11HTpo,nyKUM» BH,ll,OB po.na 3XHHaue» a 6oTaHHqecKOM ca.ny XaphKOBCKoro rocytmsepCMTeTa I I l13y'feHwe H Mcnonh30BaHHe 3XHHauew. MaTep. Me:>K,nyHapo.nu. Hay<!. KOH<P. ITomaaa, 21 --- 24 ceHT»6p» 1998 r. -- ITomaaa.: «BepcTKa», 1998.- C. 7-9. 2. ApnoweHKO 3.T., <l>e.nopos An.A. ATnac no onwcaTeJlhHOH Mop<PonorHH BhiCWHX pacTeHwii. ITno.n. -- M.-JI.: l-h.n-ao AH CCCP, 1986.- 390c. 3. fiHChMaK I. r., CaMopo.noa B. M. Oco6JlHBOCTi OHTOMop<PoreHe3y exiHauel 6ni.noi npH iHTpo,nyKu,i"i a JiicoCTen YKpaiHH II Ponh 6oT. ca,nia y <PopMyBaHHi HayK. csiTorn».ny Mail6yruix 6ionoria. MaTep. nepwHx BceyKp. HaKOB. qMTaHh, npHca»qeHHX naM'ni aKa,neMiKa M. M. fpMwKa, 24- 25 sepecHH 2001 p., M. Tiomaaa.- ITomaaa, 2001.- C. 108- 111. 4. CaMopo.noa B. H., ITocnenoa C. B. 3xmmue» a YKpaHHe: nonyseKoaoii onhiT ImTpo.nyKUHM 11 B03,neJihiBaHM».- TionTaaa: BepcTKa, 1999.- 52 c. B., TIMChMaK 11. Oco6eHHOCTM JlaTeHT5. CaMopo.noa B. H., TiocneJIOB HOfO nep11o,na neKOTOphiX BH,noa po.na Echinacea Moench II Tipo6neMH niKapchKOro pocJIHHHIIIJ,Taa. Te3 . .non. Mi:>KH. HayK. KoH<P. - TionTasa, 1996. c. 93-95.

c.

r.

6. <l>e.nopoa A. A., ApriOllleHKO 3. T. ATnac no onHcaTe.!JbHOii Mop<PonomH BhiCWHX pacTeHHM. Cou,BeTMe.- JI.: HayKa, 1979.-295 c. 7. Cl>e.nopoa A. A., K11pn11qHHKOB M. 3., ApTIOrneHKO 3. T. Amac no oniicaTeJlhHOH Mop<jJonomH BhiCWIIX pacTeHHil. J111cT. -- M.- JI.: l13,n-so AH CCCP, 1956. --301 c. 8. UeHononymiiJ,Ml1 pacTeHHil (OcHOBHhie noH»TH» 11 CTpyKTypa) I 0. B. Cl\mpHosa, JI. E. 3ayronhHOBa, 11. M. EpMaKosa 11 .np. - M.: HayKa, 1976. 217 c.

54

Ex libris: ТРАВЫ ЖИЗНИ. http://medherbarium.blogspot.com


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.