nopa.4a A. A. *, nopa.4a T. H. • OnbiTHaSl cTaHU.V.fl neKapcTseHHbiX pacTeHI-1.::1 YAAH, YKpavHa, c. 5epe30TOYa, Jly6eHcKv.;:i pa(;loH nonTaBCKo;:i o6nacn1, 37535, nomascKafl rocy.aapCTBeHHa>i aopapHal'l a<a,aeMv.>!, YKpalilHa, r. nonTaBa, yn. CKOBOPO,ilbl, 1/3, 36003 ~3Y4EH~E B~AOB POAA 3X~HAUE~ B YCllOB~~X JlECOCTEn~ YKPA~Hbl
Por.t Echinacea (Moench) B MHpoaoli cpnope nper.tcTaaneu 9 BHr.taMH H 2 pa3HOBHL{HOCT.liMH, KOTOpblC HMCJOT MCJ!\L{Y co6oi1 MOpcp0110fH'JCCKHe, anaTOM11'JCCKHC 11 6HOXHMH'JCCK11C pa3JIH'l11» ( 5). B YKpa11HY HHTpor.tyKUHH nper.tcTaBiueneli r.taHnoro por.ta HatJanacb 6onee 50 JleT Ha3aL{ COTpyr.tHHKaMH Ollb!THOH CTaHJJ,I111 JICKapCTBCHHhiX pacTeHHll YAAH(3-4). Op11 3TOM 6hJno uaqaro H3ytJeHHe B03MOJ!\Hocrei1 KYJibTHBHpoaanmi o,uHoro ee BI1.Ila- 3XHnaueH nypnypnoif (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench), KOTOpbiH B HacTo»mee apeM.ll >rBJIHeTCH r.tOMHHHPYJOIIIHM B YKpaHne (2 4). 3aTeM, OKOJIO 30 JieT Ha33L{, HaYtJHbiMH corpyL{HHKaMH 6oTaHH'JCCKI1X caL{OB KHeBCKoro 11 XaphKOBCKoro rocy,uapcraeHHbiX yHHBepcHTeTOB, a TaKJ!\e npeno,uaaaremiM11 iloJITaacKoii rocyr.tapcraeunoii arpapuoif aKa,neMHH B YKpaHuy 6b!Jm Hnrpo,uyuHpoBaHbt 3XMnaueH Y3KOJIHCTHIDI (E. angustifolia DC.) 11 3XHHaue.ll 6ner.tnaa (E. pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.) (3 4). B nocner.tnHe 10 ner a pe3yJibTare ueneuanpaanenuoro H3ytJeHHa po,ua 3XHHaue.ll corpy,uuwueii KHeBcKoro uauHoHanbnoro yHHBepcHrera B. A. MeHbUJoaoii (2002) B HaUJei1 crpaue naqaro IByiJeHHe 3XHHaueH reuueccHi1cKoi1 (E. tennesseensis (Beadle) Small.), 3XHHaueH TeMHo-Kpacuoi:i (E. atrorubens Nutt.) H3XHHaueH CHMynHpyJOIIIeH: (E. simulata McGregor) (1). TaKHM o6pa3oM, a YKpaHHe ocymecrBneuo IUiaHoMepnoe H3yqenHe por.toaoro KOMIUICKCa 3XHHaQeH, KOTOpoe 6b!JIO L{OllOJIHeHO KOJieKI.(HOHHb!M H3YtieHHeM ero BH,'J,OB, npHBe,neHHbiX aBTOpaMH L{aHHOH ny6:mKai.(HH. TaK, HatJHHllil c 1998 ro,ua corpyr.tHHKaMH onhiTHoH: craHQHeit neKapcrBeHHhiX pacrenm1 VAAH H3 ClllA, KaHar.thi l1 repMaHHH nonyqenbl o6pa3Qhl nno,uoa llleCTH BH.aOB por.ta 3XHHaueH: Y3KOJIHCTHoi1, 6rre,uuoi1, napa,uoKC<Llhnoit, cHMy:mpyJOmei1, reuneccHitcKoit H reMHO-Kpacuon. BhipameHHhie B na6opaTopHbiX YCJIOBHHX HX Ce.liHI.\hl 6h!J1H BhiCaJ!\eHhl B HatJ<Lle HlOHH 1999 fO,Ua B OTKphtThiH rpyHT. Hx npHJ!\HBaeMOCTh cocraarrana B cper.tneM 87 %.
69
Ex libris ТРАВЫ ЖИЗНИ:http://medherbarium.blogspot.com
Ha nepBOM ro.uy sereTaUHH sce BH.llhi 6hiJIH npe.ucTasneHhi fOBeHHJihHhiMH paCTeHIUIMH, TOJihKO cpe.UH paCTeHHH 3XHHaQeH rrypnypHOH BCTpeqaJIHCh HMMaTypHbie H MOJIO.llhie reHepaniBHhie OC06H. BH.llhl OTJIHqaJIHCh ITO HaJIHqHfO (3XHHaueH Y3KOJIHCTHaH) HJIH OTCYTCTBHfO rnnoKOTHJIH (3XHnaue» rrypnypHaH), no Q>opMe H pa3MepaM JIHCTheB. MopQ>onornqecKaH xapaKTepHCTHKa paCTeHHH pa3HhiX BH.llOB nepsoro ro.ua sereTaUHH npnse.ueHa B Ta6nnue
I.
1. MopriJoJJornqecKaH xapaKTepncTnKa BHilOB po,lla 3XnuaueH neJ!BOro ro)la sereTauuu
~
--
PaJMepH JIHCTbeB, cM lliHPHHa -~~~- --~HH, c~-l--~po3eTKe2 ill_!: __ f---LIJIHHa 12,5 ± 1,8 KOJlHCTHaH 7,9± 1,0 8,9± 1,3 2,3 ± 0,3 Y3- -·--·
BI-Ul hi3XHHaUeH
!
3xuHaZfeJl Y3KonucmHQJl (E. angustifolia DC)
3xuHaZfeJl meJ'rtiiO-KpacllaJl (E. atrorubens Nutt.)
i Bhrcm~-paCTe- IKom~:qec~ao JJHCTbeB -
TeM HO-::__KpaCH_~ r-6ne,llHaH
>-----
~--
b-~~yJIH pyiO'tUaH
Y.£!I..YP!:!~H __ 1---
11,4± 1,0 ---r-11,2 ± 2,7 18,9 ± 2,1 13,5 ± 1,7
AHariH3HpyH .uaHHhre Ta6JIHUhi
8,6 ± 2,8 8,9 ± 1,5 11,9±2,7 7,0 ± 0,1
--~
21,7±3,2 16,0 ± 2,3 33,9 ± 3,1 19,6 ± 2,2
3,4 ± 0,9 2,6 ± 0,3 7,4±0,7 3,9± 0,2
1, Mhi rrpHIUJIH K Bhrno.uy, 'ITO 6onee
KpyrrHhiMH no ra6mycy 6hmH paCTeHHH 3XHHauen rryprrypHoii. BhrcOTa IOBeHHJihHhiX paCTeHHH .llaHHOro BH.lla COCTaBJUUia 21 ,0 ± 2,8 CM, KOJIHqeCTBO JIHCTheB s p03eTKe- B cpe.uneM
14,4 ± 2,8. PmMephr JIHCTheB (.llliHHa H umpnna) 3XHHauen
rryprrypHoii cpasHHTeJihHO c .upyrn:MH BH.llaMH 6hmH B 2 pma 6onhiUe. HaHMeHhwee KonnqeCTBo JIHCTheB 6bmo y 3XHHauen CHMYJIHpYJOrueii, JIHCThH pacreHHii .llaHHOfO BH.lla 6biDH B
1,5 pa3a .llJIHHHee H WHpe, qeM y 3XHHaueH YJKOJIHCTHOH H
:JXHHaueM 6ne.unoii. Konw-Iecrso JIHCTheB H nx pmMephr y 3XHHauen YJKOJIIICTHoii H 3XI-!HaQeH 6Jie.UHOH 3Ha'IHTeJihHO He OTJIH'IaJIHCh Me)!(.lly C060H.
3xuHalfeJl 6neOHQJl (E. pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.)
3xuHaljeJl meHHeCCUUCKQJl (E. tennesseensis (Beadle) Small.)
Ilo KOMnJieKcy X03HHCTBeHHO-UeHHh!X rrpH3HaKOB Bhi.lleJIHJIOCh no O.llHOMY
3xuHalfeJl nypnypuaJl (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench)
3XUHaljeJl CUMyRupyiOU{QJl (E. simulata McGregor)
o6pa3uy 3XHnauen Y3KOJIHCTHOH H 3XHHauen 6ne.uHoii. PacTeHHH 3XHHauen Y3KOJIHCTHOH BTOpOrO ro.ua BereTaUIIH .llOCTHfaJIH BhiCOThi 68,4 CM, o6pa3yH .llO 9 CTe6neif (5 - 6 renepaTHBHh!X) C .llHaMeTpOM KOp3HHKH .llO 7,6 CM. ,lLrrHHa KOpHeH B cpe.UHeM .llOCTHraJia 27,8 CM, npO.llYKTHBHOCTh 0./lHOfO KOpHH COCTaBJIHJia 24 ± 0,8 r. Macca 1000 ceMHHOK - 4,04 r. PacTeHHH 3XHHauen 6ne.unoi1 6hiJIH Ha 13,4 CM BhiiUe, o6pa30BhiBaJIH 3HaqnTeJihHO MeHbiUe rro6erOB (Ha 4,9 IUT.), .llHaMeTp HX KOp3HHKH COCTaBJIHJI 10,8 CM, a Macca 1000 ceMHHOK- 6,01 r (Ta6n. 2). 2. XapaKTepncTnKa JJY'IIIIHX o6pa3UOB 3xnuaueu YlKOJJHCTHOH n 3xnuaueu 6JJellHOH BbrcoTa KonH'IeCTBO )J,HaMeTp no6eroB, IUT. KOp3HHKH, CM pacTeHHJI, CM
'BH.ll H ero npo_!i_(;XmK.QeHHe 3xHHaueH y3KOJ1HCTHaH,
r f
C_W_-'h_ KaH3ac
I
KaHa.Qa
Pnc. MopriJoJJornH ceMHHOK paJHbiX BH.llOB po,lla Echinacea Moench
~~:::~:~
68,4
I _
I _______ 81,8 _
_L
9,1
7,6
Macca 1000 CeMHHOK, r
4,04
i
---r-~-~---- -----~
_t____~~--- ]_____10~--- ----~~~~--- ~ 71
70
Ex libris ТРАВЫ ЖИЗНИ:http://medherbarium.blogspot.com
l13Y'IaCMhlC BH,lJ,hl HC3HaqJ1TCJihHO OTJIH'Ia..TIHCh cpoKaMH npOXO,iJ)KCHHH rpeHocl>a3, TOJihKO o6pa3Uhi 3XHHaueH Y3Ko;mcTHOi1 11 3XImauen nypnypuoi1 npoxo.umm uaqanhHhie cpa3br pa3BHTHH s cpe.uueM ua 4 8 .uudi no3,lJ,Hee, qeM JXHHaueH 6ne.uuoif. TaK, s 2001 H 2002 ro,lJ,ax o.n:uospeMeHHO OTMeqanoch MaccoBoe useTenne :;~xwuauew 6ne.n:uoH. H 6yroHH3aUHH :;~xwuauew Y3Konwcruoi1 ( 12 - 13. 06). ,ll;mHa BereTaiJ,HOHHOro nepHO,lJ,a JXHHaUeH Y3KOJ111CTHOM B cpe,lJ,HCM COCTaBJlHna 193 JlHH, 3XHHaUeH 6Jie,lJ,HOH 190, 3XHHaUCH CHMynHpyJOIUCH 188, 3XHHaueH TeMHO-KpaCHOH 187, JXHHaQeH napa,n:OKCaJihHOH - 188, 3XHHaUeH nyprrypuoif 210 (ra6JI. 3). ~ ____3. Ce~'!_HHbiH__IJH!,~ _ll!J:!BJI!!!J!J.,!l~":I.!._~!fi!I:IB_l!<:'p:a lXJI!!aU.~SIr_
________
1
f. 6yromna- L. __- ____g.~e.:!;.t:.fiHC ___tCmpmHH<. j' OTpaCTl!!i!f~ -----~H _____ _!_!a4llJ_1_~_J_!il~C_£~BOC -~~~-Hli~l{ __ _
BIUI·b· I 3XHHaUCH
Beceuuee
L...-.----- _
c_
__ __::l.:._Q!___ __ 22.05_t __l]j)_()_j ___1:07 [_ _y~K-~CTHM ~- 6Jie,lJ,HIDI .... __ 3.04 • _j~91_~_"!.Q6__t_!_2.0_L
_!_~O_! ___ j
-~.:..0!___ ~
!-~=;~"!: ~: -l-'i:!t LY~? +-+tir=~~{i ~ L_fl!i.P_ai!()_IS_cam._~_~a.!_j _s .o4=t~~-~.:!!? --lL:I3:o6 1=--29~~s-~j
!
__
TaKHM o6pa3oM, npose.ueHHM HaMH pa6ora no H3yqeHHJO s noneBhiX ycnoBHHX pa3HblX BH,lJ,OB po.ua JXHHaQeH ll03BOJ1aer C,lJ,CJlaTh BhiBO,lJ, 0 B03MO)KHOCTlf wx BhlpanJ.HBaHH.H B ycnoBHHX JlecocTenl1 YKpa11HhL
Jiu6JiuorpaclmJJ
l. ~eHhiiiOBa B. 0. IHTpOJlyKui~I i nepcneKTHBH KYJibTYPH BH.UiB poJly Echmacea Moench B YKpai'ui. ABTopecl> . .uwc .... KaH.u. 6ion. uayK.- K., 2002. -26 c. 2. I1opa.n:a A. A. 3xwuaueR nypnypnM s ycnoBHax JlecocTenH YKpaHHhr (6HonorwqecKHe oco6enuocTH, cnoco6bl B03,lJ,eJihiBaimR, nepcneKn!Bbi Hcnonb30sauwa. AsTopecp . .UHC .... Kau.u. 6Hon. nayK. K., 1993. 27 c. 3. CaMopo.uos B. R, I1ocnenos C. B. 3xl1naueR B YKpawue: nonyseKOBoil: onhiT HHTPOJlYKUHH H B03JleJlhiBaHHH.- flonTasa: BepcrKa, 1999. 52 c. 4. CaMopo.uos B. H., I1ocneJios C. B. BH,!J,hi po.ua 1xwuauew Echinacea Moench B arpocj:>HToueu03ax J1ecocrenH YKpawuhr: .uecariiDCTHHe HTom HHTpOJlYKUlfH, H3Y'IeHHa 6Honomw H B03JleJlhiBaHHH // Bicu. I1o;nas. Jlep)K. cinhChKOrocno,lJ,ap. iH-Ty. 2001.- N2 4. C. 48- 58. 5. McGregor R. The taxonomy of the genus Echinacea (Compositae) // The University of Kansas Science Bulletin. -- 1968. N2 4.- P. 113- 142.
3.o6___
flpH InyqeHHH xapaKTepHCTHKH CeMHHOK COOCTBeHHOH penpO.UYKIUiH HaMH ycTaHOBJleHbl 6HOMOpcpOJ10IWieCKHe pa3Jlf!qf!H Me)K.Uy pa3HhiMH BH,lJ,aMH po,lJ,a JXHHaQCH (CM. pHC.). bOJiee KpynHhiMH OKa3aJIHCh CeM51HKH 3XHHaQCH TCMHO-KpaCHOM H 3XHHaUeH OJlC,lJ,HOM (MacCa 1000 CeMHHOK 5,62 H 5,41 r). Y 3XHHauew Y3KOJIHCTHOH Macca 1000 ceMJIHOK H3MCHHJiach oT 2,93 r (o6pa3eu H3 Kaua.uhl) JlO 5,40 r (o6pa3eu 113 CiliA, III. He6pacKa H KaH3ac). CaMhfMH MeJIKHMH 6biDH CeM.HHKH 3XHHaUelf ClfMYJIHPYJOIUeH (JlJlHHa -· 3,42, IIIHpHHa 2,09 MM, Macca ] 000 CeMHHOK 3;68 f (Ta6JI. 4). ,--~Mop«<!_o.'lorn~ecKHe .!!()~I!Jai_eJtu ceMHHOK pa3Hblx BH.D:OB_j!OJlll__2X_J!Ha~S! __ _
,
Bi'tJlhi
l~__Pa3Mepht ceMHfi.Q'S_~~T Macca 1000
Jla6oparopHaa ;
~---~~-~?.-~_-~_IDI_---~::ii:I:c_·_h~_~_·~f~ -_1i_m1_.,- ~-~m_-_t.r ~j . .
6net~HaH C~~IIi'PriYP~~ ---~
4,91±0,27±2,24±0,07 5.41±0,9 i 29 I 4,63 ± o,-7f_ . 1,96 :!=_0,23-- -3~66±of._T ______ 87---: L.~!i.:.~l1PY'muall_ 1 3,42 ± o,6Q_ _z,o9 ± o,ou· __ l,68-±o~6 ~l=-----~~-KaK BH,lJ,HO H3 ,lJ,aHHhiX Ta6JIHUbl 4, Jia6opaTOpHaa BCXO)KeL'Th CeMHHOK 3Ha4:HTCJlbHO OTJIWfaJiaCh H COCTaBJiana: y 3XHHaQeH nypnypHOM 87, 3XHHaQCH 6ne,n:HOH 29, 3XHHaUeH TeMHO-KpaCHOM 28, 3XHHaQeH YJKOJlHCTHOH - 18, 3XilltaUeH CHMYJlHPYJOIUCH 2 %. CeMaHKH 3XHHaUeU TeHHeCCHikKOH xapaKTepH30BaJII1Ch HH3KOH BhlllOJlHeHHOCThlO, Macca HX 1000 COCTaBJTHJla 1,0 l f. I
72
Ex libris ТРАВЫ ЖИЗНИ:http://medherbarium.blogspot.com