2003 19 pospelov klimenko by Serge

nocnenos c. B. 1 KnHMeHKO A. A. 1 nocrasHoii P. B. Ko6a H. B. 1 3/.lOP B. H., cosepTKOB E. c. non:aBcKa? rocy,aapCTBeHHa~ arpapHaR aKa.QeM~R. YKpaV1Ha. r. nof1TaBa, yn. CKOBOPO.OI>' 1/3, 36003

XAPAKTEP~CT~KA CEMEHHO~ nPOAYKT~BHOCT~ 3X~HAUE~ nYPnYPHO~ B YCJ10B~51X JlECOCTEn~ YKPA~Hbl B rmcneJimte fOllhi HHTeHCHBHO Iny'laiOTCH 6HOJTOfH'IeCKHe oco6eHHOCTH 3XHHaueH nypnypHoii (Echinacea purpurea

(L.)

Moench) npH ee KYJihTHBHpo-

BaHHH B pa3J1H'IHhiX npHpoJIHO-KJTHMaTH'IeCKHX ycnoBHHX YKpaHHhi

6).

(1 - 3, 5

TioJiy'leHHbie OpH 3TOM pe3yllbTaThl CBH)'],CTeJJhCTBYKlT 0 TOM, '!TO 3XHHauelf

npOifBJTifCT Bb!COKyKl 3KOJTOrH'IeCKYKl OJiaCTH'IHOCTb, '!TO BblpiDKaCTC1! B JIOBOJihHO BhiCOKOH ceMeHnou npoJiyKTHBHOCTH

(5).

HMeHHo :no M lfBJUfCTCH

Jly-'-IIUHM CBH)'].eTeJihCTBOM ee aJianTMBHhiX B03MOJKHOCTCH. BMecTe c TeM, ycTaHoBneHo, '!TO ceMeHHM npo)'].yKTHBHOCTh 3XHHaueH nypnypHOH 3Ha'!HTCJlhHO KOJie6JICTCH B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT OOfO,llHh!X YCJJOBHH, no'IB, cyMMhi 3rprpeKTMBHhiX TeMneparyp, HHCOJIHUHH. KpoMe Toro, Ha 3TO BJJHHIOT ycnoBHif BhrpamHsaHHH: HOpMbi Bhrcesa, rny6HHa JaJieJIKH ceMJIH, CpOKH OOCCBa, ryCTOTa CTOHHIDI, arpOTCXHH'IeCKHe rpaKTOph!. Bee 3TO H no6y,n:Hno Hac K npose,lleHHKl HccnenosaHHH no H3Y'ICHHKl ceMCHHOH npoJiyKTHBHOCTH 3XHHaueH nypnypHofi, KYJJhTHBHpyeMofi B ycnoBHHX caMOH IOJKHOH qacrH TiorrTaBCKOH o6JJaCTH

KoonepaTHBe "PaJIHHChKHH" Ko-

6eJU!KCKOro paiioHa. Tio'!Bhi onhiTHhiX ,n:enHHOK 6hmH npencrasneHhr qepno3eMaMH ryMycHhiMH cpenHero MexamJqecKoro cocrasa. Tioces npoH3BO.ll.HJIH

Ex libris ТРАВЫ ЖИЗНИ: http://medherbarium.blogspot.com

H Ha cTeneHh pa3BHTHH cpopMHpyiOIUHXCH B HHX ceMHHOK. Tio3J(Hee, nocJie

cseKJIOBIPmoi1 ceHJIKOH CCT -12!> H3 pacqeTa 10 Kr ceMHHOK Ha OJ(HH reKTap

BhlflaJ(aHHH OCaL(KOB, COUBeTHH, KOTOpb!e TOJihKO Ha'laJIH cpopMHpOBaTbCH B

npH umpHHe Me')K.!l,ypHJ(HH 45 CM. B nepHOL( nOJIHOfO C03pesaHHH ceMHHOK OT-

6onee 6naronpHHTHhiX ycJIOBHHX, no CBOeMy pa3BHTHJO J(OfllaJIH COUBeTHH

6HpaJIH paCTeHHH H npoBOJ(HJIH HX cTpyKrypHhiH aHaJIH3. Ka')Knoe couseme

nepBbiX nopHJ(KOB.

cpe3aJIH, nOMeiUaJIH B 6yMa')KHbie naKeTbl, nOCJie '!ero 06MepHJIH H BbiMOJia4H-

BaJIH. Donc<JHTh!BaJIH KOJIH4eCTBO ceMJ{HOK B Ka')KJ(OM couseTHH H HX Maccy. DoceBHhie Ka4eCTBa ceMJ{HOK, 3aBH3asumxcH B cousenrnx pa3HhiX nopHJ(KOB, onpeJ(eJIHJIH nyreM npopalUHBaHHH B qaiiiKax IJeTpH B 4-KpaTHOH nOBTOpHOCTH, Ha

7 -H J(eHb- 3HeprHIO

npopacTaHHH, a Ha 14-if - BCXO')KeCTh.

KaK CBHJ(eTeJibC1BYIOT pe3yJJhTaTbi Ha6moneHHH Ja poCToM H pa3BHTUeM

MopljloJioruqec~eue

noKalaTeJIU coqBeruu nuuaqeu nypnypuou no nopH~KaM ux aJMemeuuH::___-,--=-----=~--fl~p;AOK --~---;J:HaMerp BhiCOTa I .[(waMerp cTe6n;-'

_ _ £_()!-J:BeTH_i!____

COUBeTHH, CM

1 IIOpHAOK

3,91

3,35

\ IIOA COUBeTHeM, CM 0,59

2 rrop»AOK

3,22

2,38

0,40

pacTeHHH 3XHHaueH nypnypHoi1 sToporo rona sercrauHH, Ha MOMeHT y6opKu

3 nopnnoK

3,1

2,34

0,39

CeMHHOK CcpOpMHpOBaJIOCh 11,6 CTe6JieH cpeJ(HeH Bh!COTOH 84,5 CM (Ta6JI. 1 ).

4 nopHAOK

2,96

2,25

0,35

5 IIOp»AOK

2,81

2,83

0,32

6 IIOpHAOK

2,99

2,10

0,33

3,03

2,94

0,35

2,86

2,16

0,30

3,16

2,31

0,36

Macca HaJ(3eMHOH '!aCTU COCTaBHJia 425,44 r, npu 3TOM Macca CTe6JieH paBHJ{JiaCb 218,3 r, CTe6JieBhiX JIHCTbeB cou;seTHH -

72,9 r.

104,14 r, p03eTO'!HhiX JIHCTbeB -

12,9 r, H

B cpenHeM Ha OJ(HO paCTeHue ccpopMupoBaJIOCh 8 po3eTO'l-

HhiX H 261,14 CTe6JieBh!X JIHCTheB, a TaK')Ke 38,3 COUBeTUH, CpeJ(Hee KOJIH'leCTBO KOTOpb!X Ha OJ(HH CTe6eJih COCTaBJIJIJIO 3,3 IIITYKH. BMeCTe C 3THM OTMe'IaJIHCh OTJ(eJibHhie CTe6JIH, Ha KOTOpb!X o6pa30Bb!BaJIOCh J(O 10 COUBeTHH.

1. MopljloJioruqecKaH

~ 1 1

xapa~erepucTI-t:Ka

paCTeuun nuuaqeu nypnypuou

Ha MOMeHT y_!irKU ~MI!_HOK- - - · · - ~--- __

=--B~~~:~~:~~;::~~~=-~~- -~-__l_I:!~qe!!_He8~:;aJaT~JI_e_!l_ ·OJIH4eCTBO cTe6JJeif Ha

1 1

paCTeHHe, lilT.

11,6

Macca cTe6Jieif, r

218,3

KoJIH4eCTBO CTe6JieBbiX JIHCTheB, lliT.

261,14

Macca CTe6JJeBhiX JIHCTheB, r

104,14

KoJIH'IeCTBO po3eT04HbiX JIHCTheB, lliT.

8,0

Macca p03eT04HhiX JIHCThes, r

12,9

KonH4eCTBO couseTHH, WT.

38,3

Macca couseTHH, r

72,9

Macca uanJeMHOH qacTH, r

425,44

Macca ----

7 IIOpHAOK 8 IIOPHAOII: 9nopHAOK

L I

fJOJ(C'IeT CeMHHOK B OJ(HOM COI.I;BeTHH CBHJ(eTeJihCTBYeT 0 TOM, 'ITO HX KOJIH'leCTBO KOJie6aJIOCh OT 103,34 no 201,33 (pH c. 1 ). DpH 3TOM OTMe4eHo nocTeneHHOe CHIDKeHHe KOJIH'leCTBa CeMHHOK C COI.I;BeTHH nepsoro H nOCJieJ(yiOII.I;HX nopHJ(KOB, BI1JlOTh no IIHToro. B J(aJihHeiiiiieM ')Ke Ha6nJOJ(aJIOCh yseJIH'!eHHe naHHoro noKaJaTeAA no 156,33 IIIT. CJienyeT OTMeTHTh, 'ITO B rrepBhiX couseTHHX 3aBH3hiBaJIOCh Ha 50 -

100 CeMHHOK 60Jihiiie, qeM B COUBeTHHX 2 -

nopJlJ(KOB.

c~~f'()~()~ ___ _L_ __ ~---··_1_!_1Q_ _____________ _

AHaJIH3 rroKaJaTeJieli: pa3BHTWI couscrHJi: 3XHHaueH nypnypHoH no nopHJ(KaM HX pacnOJIO')KeHHH CBHJ(eTeJibCTByeT 0 TOM, '!TO Ha nepBbiX 'leTbipeX rropHJ(Kax OHH nocJienosaTeJihHO CHH')KaJIHCh (Ta6JI. 2). TaK, J(HaMeTp couseTHi1 KOJie6aJICH OT 3,91 CM (nepBhiH IIOpHJ(OK) J(O 2,96 CM ('IeTBepYhiH nOpJ{J(OK). AHaJIOrH'!Han JaKoHoMepHOCTh npocJie')KHBaJiach TaK')Ke J(JlH BhiCOThi couseTHH (3,35- 2,25 CM) H J(HaMcrpa cTe6JIH non couscrHeM (0,59- 0,35 CM). BMecTe c TeM, IIO CBOeMy pa3BHTHIO COUBeTHH nOCJieL(yJOIUHX IIOpHJ(KOB 3Ha'IHTeJibHO KOJie6aJIHCh H L(a')Ke npeBOCXOJ(HJIH COUBeTHH nepBbiX nopHJ(KOB. IJo HallleMy MHeHHJO, 3TO CBHJ(eTeJibCTBYeT 0 cymeCTBeHHOH JaBHCHMOCTH TeM!lOB pa3BHTHH COUBeTHH OT 3KOJIOfH'IeCKHX YCJIOBHJi:. BHJ(HMO, 3TO CBH3aHO, npe)J<J(e BCe-

Puc. 1. KoJiu'JeCTBO 33BH3aBmuxcH ceMHHOK B COQBeTUHX 3XUH3QeU nypnypuou pa3HbfX DOpH.ll;KOB l.JTO KaCaeTCJI MaCChl CeMHHOK B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT pacnOJIO')KeHHH COI.I;BeTHJl, TO HMeeT MeCTO aHaJIOfH'!HaH 3aKOHOMepHOCTh, H3JIO')KeHHaH Bhiiiie. 3TO 06bHCHJleTCJl TeCHOH 3aBHCHMOCThJO Me')KJ(y J(aHHhiMH nOKa3aTeJIHMH, Ha 'ITO Mhl o6paiUaJIH BHHMaHHe B CBOHX HCCJieJ(OBaHHHX paHee (5). HaH60Jihiiieif 6hl-

ro, C TeM, '!TO B nepByJO nOJIOBHHY UBeTeHHH CTOJ{J!a aTMOCcpepHaH H noqseHHaH 3acyxa, 4TO H fiOBJIHHJIO Ha CTeiieHh pa3BHTIUI COI~BeTHH, a B J(aJTbHei1weM

Ex libris ТРАВЫ ЖИЗНИ: http://medherbarium.blogspot.com

pa3Hh!X IIOpH.llKOB IIOKa3hiBaeT, 'ITO OCHOBHaH l1X 'laCTb <flopMHpyeTCH B COJJ,Be11a Macca CeMRHOK B COJJ,BeTHRX nepBOfO nopH.llKa. J1p11 :JTOM OHa COCTaKUIJ1a

0, 74

Y COUBeTHll IIOCJJe.[(ylOII.IHX nopH.llKOB, BII110Th .[(0 IIHTOfO, OHa CHHJKaJJaCb .llO 0,30 f, a B COUBeTHRX nocne.n:yromHX IIOpR.D:KOB OIIHTb yBellWUIJlaCb .D:O 0,49 r (9-ii nopH.D:OK). B 3aBHCl1MOCTl1 OT nopR.D:Ka pa3MellJ,eHHH COUBeTl1ll Macca 1000 CeMHHOK L

c<flopMHpOBaHHblX B HHX 113MemnaCh rOpa3.D:O MCHbUJe. nopH.llKa OHa 6hma HaH60JlbllleH -

3,62

r (pHC.

2).

KOppeJJHUHH MCIK.llY 110pH.n:KaMH COJJ,BeTHHH MaCCOll .ll8HHOfO IIOKaJaTeJIH HaXO.[(HJ10Ch B npe.n:enax OT TeJibCTByeT

3HatJHTeJJhHOH

.n:aHHOfO IIOKa3aTeJUL

reHeTHtJeCKOH

: ... .

3).

0Ha COCTaBJTHeT

74,] %

OT BCero KOJ111-

'leCTBa 3asaJasmrrxca ceMHHOK. Ha see couseTHR nocne.n:ymmrrx KOB nprrxo.n:HTC51 llHUJb

25,9 %.

nop5I.ll-

3To YKaJhiBaeT Ha ueo6xo.n:HMOCTh 6onee pa-

UHOHa..'lhHoro l1CIIOJ1b30B8HI15I CeMeHHHKOB :JXHHaJJ,eH nypnypHOH.

2 nopROOI( 1().53%

COUBeTIUIX nepBOfO

flp11 :JTOM He OTMeqa.HOCb

l 000

2,84

3 nopROOI<

CCMHHOK: KOne6aHHe

.D:O

3,62

o6ycJIOBJleHHOH

14,48"/o

r. 3TO CBH.D:eCTa6HJlhHOCTl1

·===--~~1 ~

0,5 0,4

T!1HX nepBbiX Tpex COUBeTHH (pl1C.

:·

4 nopROOK

8.46% I nopnooJ(

40,1%

22,5 1,5

0,3 0,2 0,1

0,5

t--:-.--:-.---.----,----,.----,----r---r--+ 0

~---t-:-+-+-+---+-----l------+----+-o.~.9i c........;.......:.::=:::...:.:==~~:...L::::.:::...:....L:::~~::::.J...::.:.!..:__]_~~~~~l.::'.:~L:?3 ~

10 nopROOI!: O,ll%

.•

.-._ _2. Ol!.eJ:I~a 6uoJiomqe<,:~oro ypmKa~£_eMHHOK 3X~~.I~_f!CH nypn~noli L--~---·· ..Jlo!S~aTt;!_!~'!eTa . I 3HatJeHHH noKaJarene·~---KonH'lecTso CTe6neii Ha paCTeHHe, lilT. -· II ,6 Konw-JecTso couseTHH Ha I CTe6en<>, WT. 3,3 KonH'!ecTso ceMHHOK B COilBeTHH, lilT. 145,75 Macca ceMHHOK B 1 couseTHH, r 0,46 Macca 1000 ceM5IHOK, r 3,157 Macca ceMHHOK Ha

1 paCTeHHe, r I ra, WT.

L_ _y_p~_)KaiiHocTh ceMHHOK, u/ra Y'mThiBM YKaJaHHhie Bhiiiie oco6eHHOCTH

17,61 95000 16 7

'ITO paHee yJKe o6cyJKD.aJTOCh B nHTepaType

(4).

TaKoti: npHeM II03BOJTHT He

TOJlhKO I10Bh!Cl1Th llOCeBHhie KatJeCTBa CeMSIHOK, HO 11 yny'HliHTh :JKOHOMH'feCKHC I10Ka3aTeJil1 B03.[(eJ1biBaHHH 3Xl1HaUCH nypnypHOH.

coJKaneHHIO, B npoH3BO.D:CTBeHHhiX ycnOBHRX noKa He o6ecnetJHBaeTCH

Bb!COKHH 6HOJ10rl1'ICCKHH IIOTCHJJ,HaJT CCMCHHOH npO.llYKTHBHOCTH :JXHHaUeH. :.ho o6ycJJOBJ1CH0 TeM, 'ITO 3Ha'lmenbH8R 'laCTh ypOIKaJI TepSieTCSI IIpH y6opKe,

<flopMHpOsau~ceM)!HoKB-3aBH:

CHMOCTH OT nopRD,Ka <flopMHpOBaHHH COUBeTHH, HaMH 6hillH CMO.D:enHpOBaHhl ByiOT 0 Bh!COKOM 110TeHUHaJle CeMeHHOH IlpD.llYKTHBHOCTH 3XHHaUeH nypnypHOH,

16,7 UCHTHCpOB CCMSIHOK C O.llHOro

3TOH CBSI3H, B03MOIKHO, HMCeT CMhiCJl peKOMCH.llOBaTh c6op BCCX COUBe-

THH 4-ro H 60Jihllll1X IIOpSI,ll,KOB H HCI10Jib30BaTb HX KaK JieKapCTBCHHOC Cblpbe,

3JieMemhr CTPYKTYPbi ypoJKM, KOTOpbte, KaK noKaJa.JlH pactJeTbi, CBH.lleTC.JihCTCIJOC06HOH .[(OCTHraTh ypOIKllil

3,52%

Puc. 3. BKJia~ cou:seTnii paJHLIX nopHJlKOB B ypojf\aii ceMBHOK nunau:eu nypnypaoil

Puc. 2. Macca ceMHHOK HJ couseTHH paJHLlX nopHJJ:KOB, r

KonH'leCTBO pacTeimii Ha

7 nopHOOK

rel\rapa

flpOBC.llCHHhlH aHaJTI13 pacnpe.n:eneHHSI KOJlH'lCCTBa CCMHHOK H3 COUBeTHH

06MOJ184HB8Hl1H 11 nepBH'IHOH O'IHCTKC CeMHHOK. bOllhlllYIO p011h np11 3TOM Hf·· pacr npaBH.:1bHbiH B<>t6op na6opa TeXHHKH, ee perym1posKa, onpeD.eneHHe cpoKOB y6opKH.

B na6opaTOpHhiX

ycnoBHliX naMH 6hmH npoBC.llCHhl Hccne.n:oBaHH5I noces-

Hb!X Ka'ICCTB CCMHHOK 3XHHaLI,CH, 38BH38Bllll1XCH B COUBeTIIHX pa3Hb!X nOpli.llKOB. ll,HHaMHKa HX npopaCTaHHH CBl1.lleTCJ1hCTBYeT 0 TOM, 4TO, He3aBHCHMO OT llOp!!)lKa paCDOJIOJKeHHR COUBeTH5I, 60JJhlUI1HCTBO CCMHHOK npopaCTaJTO Ha

477

Ex libris ТРАВЫ ЖИЗНИ: http://medherbarium.blogspot.com

7-H: .ueHb, a 3HeprH}l Hx npopacTaHH}l Kone6anach s npe.uenax oT 70,25 % .no 80,75 %. AHaJIH3 .naHHblX Ta6JIHUbl 3 f103BOJniCT c,nenaTb BhlBO.Ll 0 TOM, 'ITO 3HeprH}l npopaCTaHHH H BCXO)KCCTh CCM}IHOK He 3aBHCC.ill1 OT f10p}l,11,Ka pacnoJ10)KCHH.Il COUBCTHH Ha CTe6ne. MO)KHO OTMCTHTb, qTO .naHHhie fl0Ka3aTCJIH 6biJUI MaKCHMaJihHhl B TOM cnyqae, Kor.na CCMHHKH <PopMHpOBaJIHCh B COUBCTHHX nepBOfO H CC.LlhMOfO f10PMKOB.

3. JaBHCHMOCTb 3HeprHH

opopacraHHH H BCXO)KeCTit CeMHHOK

_ _ _ _ _ ___::OT_:___-::D.OPH.L!K3 paCUOJlO)KeHHSl COUBeTM:.:::H:.______ _ r.

Ilop51,'l:OK pacnC>JIOJKeHIDJ ···~~

.)Heprml •

~TaHHll, %

81 65 68 76 71 78

~---·· COli,BeTHJI 1-H: nopH,a:oK j 2-H: nopll.llOK 1 3-11 nopll,a:OK 4-ii nopl!noK j 5-H: nopll.llOK 6-i! nopJI.llOK

L-~~=~~~:;~:-~-

+ , .. 1

.~~ ·--····-~'~·

·--···-·--: BcxmKeCTb, % , -~~

92 87 87 89 88 90

•

TaKHM o6pa30M, Ha rore IIonTaBCKOii o6naCTH cKJia.llbiB3lOTC51 6naronpHH.THhre f10tffiCHHO·KJIHMaTH'fCCKHe yCJlOBHH .llJlH OpraHH3ali,HH 3<P<l>eKTHBHOfO CCMCHOBO.llCTBa 3XHHall,eH rrypnypHoit Ha paCTCHIDlX BTOpOrO fO)l.a BCfCTali,HH o6pa3yeTcH .u.o I 0 nop».UKOB cor~BCTHH, a 3aB»3aBWHec» Ha HHX nno.nr,rceM»HKH COOTBeTCTByJOT 1-My Knaccy (B COOTBCTCTBHH K cymeCTBYIOlli,HM B YKpaHHe craH.u.apTaM Ha nocesHoii MaTepHaJI3XHHaueH rrypnypHoii). IiHfiJJHOrpac(>HH

1. AneXHH A A, KoMHp 3. B. Hmpo.llYKli,IDl Bl.f.llOB po.u.a 3XHHaue» B 60TaHWieCKOM cany XaphKOBCKoro rocymrnepcHTeTa II H3yq. H Hcnonh3. 3XHHaueH: Marep. MeJKJXYHap. KOH<l>., lloJITaBa, 21 -24 CCHT., 1998 IlOJITaBa, 1998.- C. 7-9. 2. rHH)l.lfll 0. B. ,ll;ocBi)l. impO.llyKui'i exiHaue'i nypnypoBo'i B YMOBax 6yKOBHHH // TaM )KC.- c. 10 11. 3. )l{ypaBenr, T. A. PaHHHe :nanhi omoreHe3a 3XHHaUeH nyprrypHoil: np11 HHTpoJI.YKli.HH Ha roro-BOCTOK YKpaHHhi // BHBqeHH» omoreHe3y pocnHH npHpOJI.HHX i Kynr,TypHHX <Pnop y 6oTaHiqHHX JaKJta.u.ax i .lleH.nponapKax €Bpa3il I MaTep. 12 Mi)KHapo.u.. HayKOB. KOH<l>. IIomaBa, 2000.- C. 124 125. 4. KanawHHK B. C. Oco6nuBocTi KYJlhTHByBaHH» exiHaue'i nypnypoBo'i (Ehinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) B yMoBax IIonTaBlli,HHH // H3yq, H Hcnonh3. 3XHHaueH: MaTep. MeJK.llyHap. KoH<P., IIonTaBa, 21 24 ceHT., 1998. IlomaBa, 1998 C. 76 77. 5. nocm:JIOB c. B., CaMOpO.llOB B. M., MimeHKO 0. B. EKOJJOroMOp!lJonoriqHi oco6mmocri nno.noYTBOpeHIDl exiHauel nypnypoBol B yMoBax Jlicocrerry YKpatHH // HayK. npaui IIomaBChK . .llepx<. arpapH. aKaneMi'i. Cinr,cr,Korocn. HayKH. T. 1 (20). IIomaBa, 2002.- C. 93 97. 6. CaMopo.llOB B. H., IIocnenoB C. B. 3xuHaue» B YKpauHe: nonyseKOBOM onhlT umpo.u.yKUHH H B03,nenhiBaHH51. IlonTaBa: BepcTKa, 1999. 52 c. 78

Ex libris ТРАВЫ ЖИЗНИ: http://medherbarium.blogspot.com