2003 1 anishenko shishlova fedyaeva

I. V1HTPOAYKLV1~, 6V10nOrV1~ V1 KYnbTV1BV1POBI\HV1E 3XVIHI\UEVI

AH/411/eHKO fl. B., U/14/DflOBa )K. H., t/JeJJ.ReBa B. B. C3A POCTOBCKOIO IOCYA3PCTB8HHOIO yH~BepC~T8T3, Pocc~fl. r. PocTos-Ha-,r(oHy, yn. neconapKosa>l, 30 A, 344041

50T3H~Y8CK~~

OnbiT BbiPAiltV1BAHV151 3XV1HAL.J,EV1 nYPnYPHO~ .

HA HV1~HEM AOHY 3XHHaQCH rryprrypHM - U,CHHOC JieKapCTBCHHOC, )J.CKOpaTHBHOC, 3qlHpHOMaCJIH'1HOC H MC,li.OHOCHOC paCTCHHC. DperrapaThi, C03)J.aHHbiC Ha ee OCHOBC, HCI10Jlh3yiOTCH 11pH JIC'fCHHH pa3JIH'fHbiX HHtPCKQHOHHhiX H cenTH'fCCKHX 3a6oJICBaHHH, a6cu,eCCOB, HHcpHU:HpOBaHHbiX paH

(6).

0HH CTHMYJIHpyiOT HMMyH-

HYIO CHCTeMy opraHH3Ma, MHI'KO B03)J.CHCTBYH Ha KOpy Ha,uiTO'fC'fHHKOB (5).

Po.nrma 3XHHau,eH rryprrypHoH -

CenepHaH AMepHKa. OTcYTCTBHe Cbipbe-

nou 6a3bl )J.JIH 11pOli3BO,li.CTBa rrpenapaTOB nOCJIY)I(HJIO npeJJ.ITOCbiJIKOH BBC,li.CHHH B KYJihTypy H 11pOBC,li.CHH51 B CB513H C 3THM HCCJIC)J.OBaiiHH, CB513aHHbiX C H3y'leHHCM a)J.aiTTHBHbiX B03M0)1(H0CTCH BH)J.a.

CeM51HKH(I1JIOJJ.hi, B B arpoHoMw-recKOH rrpaKTHKe ceMeHa) 3XHHao;eH nypnypHoH 6biJIH nony4eHhi HaMH no o6MeHy H3 6oTaHH4CCKOro ca,ua BHflAP H BblCC51Hbi B rpyHT IIO)J. 3HMy. ilOJICBOH Onb!T 6biJI 3aJIO)I(CH Ha yqaCTKC C o6biKHOBCHHbiMH Kap6oHa.THhiMH 4epHo3eMaMH. B Te'feHHe

1996- 2002

rr. ocyru:e-

CTBJI51JIOCh H3Y'fCHHC 6HOJIOI'Hl.JCCKHX oco6eHHOCTCH 3XHHaU,eH nypnypHOH MCCTHOH penpo.nyKU,HH B ycnoBHHX KYJihTYPhL <l>eHonomtieCKHe Ha6JIIOJJ.CHH51 npoBOJJ.HJIHCh no MeTOJJ.HKe

H. H.

Eeu.neMaH

(3),

H3y'feHHe ,nHHaMHKH pocTa H

pa3BHTAA paCTCHH.H - B COOTBCTCTBH.H C MCTO,l],H.KaMH. Bl1flAP

TYIO

(8).

J1.

D. J1maTbCBOH

(7)

H.

Dpn ormcamm )I(H3HCHHoro U,HKJia HcnoJih30BaJIH o6ru:enpHH51-

(9). CeMCH!fYIO npoJJ.yKTHBHOCTh H3YIIaJIH no MeTo(10) H 11. B. BauHamH (4).

B peJynhTaTe HJyqeHHH oHToreHe3a 1 - 5-m:THH.X 3K3CMI1JIHpon 3XHHau,eH rrypnypHOH 6biJIO Bbl)J.CJICHO 3 rrepHOj.(a: JiaTCHTHbiH (,nJIHTCJibHOCTb 6 - 7 MCcxeMy nepHOJJ.H3aiJ,HH

ll.HKaM

T. A.

Pa6oTHosa

CHQCB), BHpi'HHHJlbHb!H (npopOCTKH, IOBCHHJibHbiC H B3pOCJibiC BCI'CTaTHBHbiC oco6H) H reHepaTHBHhiH. 0TMe4eHO, 4TO y e,nHHH'fHhiX 3K3CMI1JIHpOB B KYilhType Ha rrepBOM lOllY )l(ll3HH 11p011CX01l,HT COKpaiQCHHC JJJIHTCJibHOCTH BHpn1Hl1JibHOI'O nepHOll,a; o6pa3yCTCH 110IIypo3CTOtiHbiH no6er C Oll,HOH TepMHHaJibHOH KOp3HHKOH, pacTCHHH 3alJ,BCTaiOT. I.J;BCTCHHC )J.JlllTCH C KOHU,a HIOH51 .[(0 HaCTYI1JICHHSJ 3aMopo3KOB, ceMSJHKH He Bbi3penaiOT.

EX LIBRIS: ТРАВЫ ЖИЗНИ. http://medherbarium.blogspot.com

K

JHMe no6er OTMHpaeT no

5

ypoBH51 nO'IBhl, 3HMYCT CfO 6a3a.JibHru! '!aCTh C riO'!KaMH B0306HOBJICH1151. paCTCHHH BTOporo roaa MapTa -

~H3HH

Y

BCCCHHCC OTpacTaHHC Ha'IHHaeTC51 B KOHUC

Ha'laiiC arrpeJI51. B Mae rrpOHCXOllHT HHTCHCHBHOC o6pa30BaHHC fCHC-

paTHBHbiX rro6erOB, 6yrOHH3aU1151 - B KOHUC Ma51, a B KOHUC HIOH51 rrpH CYMMC JcpcpeKTHBHbiX TCMnepaTyp 1828°C HaCTyiTaeT MaCCOBOC UBeTCHHe; CCM51HKI1

pea.JibHOH (324,8

~113HCCllOC06HhiH

CaMOCCB (2). Jly'IIIIlfH CpOK nocesa- llO)UHMHI1H (KOHCU OK-

Ha'!a.JIO HOH6pH). flp11 rny6HHC 3a)leJIKI1 CCMHHOK 1,5 CM nOJICBru!

BCXO~eCTh COCTaBJI51eT 64 - 68 %. BeceHHHH KO BO BJI~HbiC fO)lhl TaK~e )laeT XOpOllllfC

nOCCB MCHCC 3cpcpeKTI1BCH, O)lHape3yJibTaThi ( 1 ). 3XHHaUCH rryp-

rrypHru! OTJIH'laeTeH BblCOKOH 311MOeTOHKOeThlO, yeTOH'llfBa K Jaeyxe, O)lHaKO B OTllCJihHbiC JaeywJIHBhiC fO)lhl HY~)laeTeH B peryJIHpHOM llOJIHBC.

Y HlfH -

4 - 5-JICTHHX 3K3eMlli1HpOB OTMe'leHhi eHMnTOMhi BHpyeHOfO 3a6oJieBaKyp'IaBOeTH, KOTOpbie

Bbipa~aiOTeH B eKpY<fHBaHHlf

JIHeTOBbiX ITJiaeTHHOK, llOHBJICHHH XJIOp03HblX nHTeH. y.aarr51JIHeh H3 rroeesos c rroene)lyiOIUI1M

e~HraHHeM.

If MOpiUHHHeTOeTH

Tiop~CHHb!e

2, J) eeMeHHOH npo)lyKTHBHOCTI1 If rrpoueHTa eeMHHHcpHKa-

TI1BHbiX no6erOB, eOUBeTHH Ha O)llfH rro6er, eeMHllO'ICK 11 BbinOJIHCHHbiX eeM51HOK, CTaHOBHTC51 Hl1~e 11 npOUCHT CeMI1HHcpHKaUI1lf.

CeMeHHaH npon:yKTHBHOCTb pa3HOB03pacTHbiX oco6eif 3XHHauen nypnypHoif

c03pesaiOT B asrycTe - ceHTH6pe. B ycnoB1151X riHTOMHHKa JXHHaueH o6paJyeT

u6pH -

±

UHH (89,7). Ha'li1HM c 'IeTBep1'oro roaa ~H3HH, yMeHbrnaeTeH '111eno renepa-

[--~

---~liHcno r~ouo-~1 q.,::::P~m~::·,:-1 ~ paTHBH

T , no ero : 6 : oeo6 f-~--- ,-~ 4,1 ± 0,4 1 2 -~~-± 0,8 6,8 ± 0,6 _ _.J___:-5_2,9 ± 0,3 IBo3pacT

c

i-=

~-~-

:

no ce- I IIpoueHT

311HOK Ha no6er

MRriO'ICK Ha IV KOp3llHKY . K

4,0 ± 0,5 6,8 ± 0,8 6,5 ± 0,6 5,2 ± 0,3

351,0 ± 362,3 ± 342,1 ± 313,5 ±

i +

1,3 2,<l_ 1,8 3,1

OK H'

HHKY :

1

OOMHHH~H-~ KaiiHH

-m=~

84,8 30 ± 1,8 3= ~-2' 2, 1__ _______J2H7I ± 1,2 29. ,- _ _ T _ _85,7 _ ± 1 ,7__1 __ _]_1L_ _ 246,2

paeTCHH51

HaMH noKa He yeTaHOB-

CeMCHHa51 npo)lyKTI1BHOeTh 3aBI1eHT HC TOJ1bKO OT B03paeTa paCTCHI1H, HO

neno BJI1151HHC Ja6oJICBaHH51 Ha ehipbeByiO If eeMeHHYIO rrpo)lyKTHBHOeTh pae-

TaK~e 11 OT ycnoBHH BbrpaiUHBaH1151. B '!aeTHOCTH, B pa3Hhie ro)lbi Ha6JIJO)laJOT-

llJIH 3aiUHThl 3XHHaUel1 rryprrypHOH OT

eH eyiUCCTBCHHbiC pa3JIH'li1H B llOKa3aTCJIHX llOTCHUlfaJ!bHOH 11 pearrbHOH ee-

TeHHH. Tio )laHHh!M HCKOTOpb!X aBTOpOB eeMCHHOH If llO'!BeHHOH HHcpeKUHH, a

TaK~e

JIHCTOCTe6eJibHhiX 6oJie3HCH pe-

MeHHOH npo)lyKTHBHOeTH oeo6eif. TaK B JaeyiiiJIHBOM 2002 fO)ly 6WIO OTMC-

CHI1~CHI1C

KOMCH)lyeTeH HenOJib30BaTh MHKp06HOJIOfH'leeKHe rrperrapaThl, KOTOpbie HC

'ICHO

TOJihKO ry6HTCJibHO )leHCTBYIOT Ha B036y)lHTeJieH 6oJie3Hlf, HO 11 OKa3hiBaiOT

YMCHblliCHI1H 'IHCJia KOp311HOK Ha no6ere Ha

llOTCHUHaJ!bHOH

eCMCHHOH

MCHliOH rrpo)lyKTI1BHOCTI1 Ha 10 -

eTI1MYIII1PYIOIUee BJIHHHHe Ha poCT H pa3BHTHe paCTeHI1H ( 11 ).

B Te'!enl1e p51)la JieT HaMH H3y'!arracb perrpo)lyKTI1BHM erroco6HOCTh 3XI1HaueH rrypnypHOH, B '!aCTHOCTlf eeMCHHru! rrpO)lYKTI1BHOeTh, no KOTOpOH

MO~­

18

%

1-

npOllYKTHBHOCTH 4 lliT., a

BeJie)leTBI1C

TaK~C- pCa.JibHOH ce-

no cpaBHCHI1IO e 2000 -

2001 rr.

BCJIC)leTBI1C HC)l0pa3BHTHH 3Ha'II1TCJibHOf0 KOJIWICeTBa eeMHHOK. TaKHM o6pa30M, MHoroJieTHI1C Ha6JIJOlleHHH noKaJa.JIH, 'ITO B ycnos1151x

HO BnOJIHC cy)lHTh 06 yerrelllHOCTI1 seex npearueCTBYIOIUHX rrpoueeeOB (6HO-

H11~Hero Jl:oHa JXHHaneH rrypnypHaH - MHoroneTHI1i1, TpaBHHHCThiH, KOpOTKO-

JI0fl151 11 3KOJI0fl151 UBeTCH1151 11 OnhiJICHHH, JM6p110JIOflfH If T. )l.) If rreperreKTHB-

KopHCBHIUHhiH nOJIHKapmJK e llOJiypo3eTO'IHOH CTpyKrypofi Ha)l3eMHb!X no6e-

llJIH KYIIhTYPhi. B rrpoueeee HeeneaosaHHH orrpeaenHIIH llOTCHUHaJ!hHYIO H pearrhayiO eeMCHHYIO npO)lYKTHBHOeTh a TaK~e npOUCHT

roB. 3TO )lJIHTeJibHO BCreT11pyiOIUee

HOeTH HHTpo.uyueHTa

eeMeHHcpHKaUHH. TioeKOJihKY oeo6H

JXHHa~elf

rryprrypHOH o6pa3yiOT reHepa-

THBHhiC no6eflf, HecyiUHe HCeKOJihKO eOUBeTI1H KOp311HOK e·6oJihllllfM KOJII1'ICeTBOM UBCTKOB, HMClOU(lfX B f11Heuee O)li1H llCCTHK e 3aBH3blO,

eo)lep~aiUeH

Bb!eOKOH eeMeHHOH npO)lYKTHBHOCThlO, o6pa3yeT nOJIHOUeHHbiC eeMHHKI1 XOnepeneKTHBHOe )lJIH KYJibTypni B penwHe 3KOHOM11'ICeKH sa~Hoe

nypHaH paeTeHHC.

HOeTH Ha oeo6h.

Y eTaHOBJieHO, 'ITO llOJIHOUeHHbie eeM51HKlf o6pa3yiOTeH B KOp3HHKaX, UBe-

lin6JJnorpacjJnst 1. AHHIUCHKO JI.

TCHI1e KOTOpbiX llJIHTe51 e eepellHHhi HIOHH )lO KOHUa asryeTa. ooJiee Bb!COKOC

3XHHauen nypnypHofi Ha

eO)lep~aHHC BblllOJIHCHHh!X eeMHHOK OTMe'!eHO B Bepxyrne'!Hh!X KOp3HHKaX,

- KpaeHo)lap, 1998.- C. 5-6.

'!aiOTCH TpeXJJeTHHe pacTeHHH, pa3BHBaiOIUI1C 6onbwoe KOJIH'leeTBO renepaTHBHbiX rro6eroB H eOUBeTHH Ha O)llfH rro6er (eM. Ta6JIHUy).

Y

3THX

~e 3K3eM± 2,4) 11

llii51pOB OTMC'ICHhl caMble BbieOKHC 3Ha'ICHHH riOTeHUHaJ!hHOH (362,3

6

HI1~­

pourero Ka'leeTBa, )laeT ~mHeerroco6HbiH eaMoees. B uenoM, 3XtmaueH nyp-

6biJia rrpHHHTa KOp3HHKa. 3aTCM rrpOH3BO)llfJilf pac'IeT CeMeHHOH npo)lyKTHB-

B03paeTHbiX oeo6efi OKa3a.JIOeh, 'ITO eaMhiMH Bb!eOKI1Mlf nOKa3aTeJIHMI1 OTJilf-

BereTaU11H- 176 -

Hero JJ:oHa 3XIIHaueH nypnypHaH npoxo)lHT see cpa3bi pa3BHT1151, OTJIH'laeTCH

OJ.lHY eeM51llO'IKY, TO 3a 3JieMeHTapHyiO e)lHHHUY eeMeHHOH rrpo)lyKTI1BHOCTlf

3aUBeTaiOIUHX rrepBb!Mlf. Tip11 epaBHeHHlf eeMeHHOH rrpo)lyKTHBHOeTH pa3HO-

(npOllOJI~HTeJibHOeTh

180 )lHefi) JieTHe3eJieHoe, cpeaHeJieTHeuseryiUee pacTeHHe. B yenoB1151X

B., lilHllliiOBa )J{.

Hn~HeM

H.,

<l>eMeBa B.

JJ:oay

II

B.

DepeneKTHBhi KYJibTYPbi

oJOJI. EoT. ea)la 11M.

H. C.

KoeeHKO.

2. AHHIIICHKO JI. B., <l>eARCBa B. B., lllHUIJIOBa )J(. H. PoeT 11 pa3BHTH:e 3XHHaueH nypnypHofi Ha HmKHCM ~oHy II Ponb 6oTaH. ea.nos B eoxpaHemlH 6Hopa3Hoo6pa311R. MaTep. Me)f(,L(yHapo.uH. Kon¢epeHu., noes. 75-neTHIO I>oTaH. eana PoeTOBeKoro roc. yH-Ta.- PoeTOB-Ha-~oHy, 2002.- C. 172- 174.

3. I>efineMaH l1. H. MeTOAHKa JBY'ICHH» ¢eHOJIOrHI1 paeTetmfi B paeTHTCJihHbiX eoo6mecTBax.- M., 1974. - 155 c.

EX LIBRIS: ТРАВЫ ЖИЗНИ. http://medherbarium.blogspot.com

7

4. BaiiHarHM 11. B. 0 MCTOAHKC H3Y'ICHHll CCMCHHOM npOAYKTHBHOCTH paCTCHHH // I>oTaH. )KypHan.- 1994.- T. 59.- N~ 6.- C. 826- 831.

5. 3aBpa)KHOH B. 11., KHTaesa P. 11., XMeJieB K. c:t>. neKapcTBCHHbiC pacTCHHll (neqe6Hoe 11 npO<jmnaKTH'IecKoe HCTIOJib30BaHHe).- BopoHe)K, 1993.-478 c.

6. 3eMJIHHCKHM c. E. neKapCTBCHHbiC paCTCHHll CCCP.- M., 1954.-609 c.

7. YlrHaTbCBa J1. Il. 0HTOfCHeTI1'ICCKI1H MOpcporeHC3 sereTaTI1BHbiX opraHOB rpaBHHMCThiX paCTeH11H. - M., 1984.8. Mai1cypame H. Yl., KHceneB B.

32

n.

c.

MeTOJ1.11Ka 11CCnCJJ.OBaHI1H np11 11HTpO-

n.yKU.I111 neKapcTBCHHbiX pacTeHMH. M., 1984.-32 c.

9. Pa6oTHOB T. A. )l(H3HCHHbiH U.HKJl MHoronenmx rpaBHHHCTbiX pacTeHHH B jlyroBhiX ueHo3ax // TpyJJ.hi I>oTaH. HH-Ta

AH CCCP. Cep»H III (reo6oTaHHKa). Bbm. 6. -

1950.- 250 c.

10. Pa6oTHOB T. A.

MeTOAbi H3y'IeHI1H ceMeHHoro pa3MHO)KCHI1H rpaBHHHCTbiX pacTCHHM B coo6mecTBaX II IloneBall reo6oTaHHKa.- T. 2.- M.- n., 1960.- c. 20- 40.

11. CoKMpKO B.

n.

3Konor11'ICCKH 6e3onaCHblC M 6ecneCTMI.l.MJJ.HbiC TCXHOnO-

rMH nonyqeHMH pacreHMeBOJJ.'ICCKOH nponyKI.l.MM // MaTep. BcepoccMi1cKoro Hay4HO-Tip0113BO.!J.CTBCHHOf0 COBCI.l.l.aHI1H.

q_ 2. -

Ilyll.l.MHO,

1994. - C. J 4.

EX LIBRIS: ТРАВЫ ЖИЗНИ. http://medherbarium.blogspot.com