TponyKUHH B YKpaHny rrpomornrro orrpenerreHHoe <j>opM11posaHI1e KOMnneKca
..
speJlHhiX opraHH3MOB. 3To 6orree
I0
BHJlOB naceKOMhix-speni1Terrei1, maBHhiM
5
OCHOBHbiX THIIOB 60JIC3HCi1 BCfeTHpyiO-
o6paJOM, IIIHpOKHX IIOJII1<j>arOB, 11 IU11X paCTCHI1H.
Cpe~H spe~HTeneft Ha nepsoM ro~y sereTaUHH B nep11o~ cpopMHposaHHJI scxo_rros JIOMHHHp)'IOT cephlll CBeKJIOBH'!HbiH ~OJifOHOCHK H COBKa-raMMa, H3-3a IIOBpeJKJieHHH KOTOpbiMH MOJKeT nom6HYTb ~o
I 5 - 20 %
MOJIOJJ:hiX pacTeHHH. Ha
2- 3
ro-
.a:y sereTaU:HH npeo6na~aiOT cocyru:He spe~HTenH - U:HKa~KH, KJIOIIbi, cseKJIOBHqHall TJIJI, 3aCeJIJIIOIUHe
50 - 100 o/o
paCTeHHH. ilOMHMO Henocpe~CTBeHHOfO Bpe~a HeKO-
TOpbie H3 HHX, 6ynyqH nepeHocqHKaMH BHpycHoil HHcpeKIUUI, cnoco6cTBYIOT ysenHqeHI1IO nopaJKeHHJI pacTeHHH 3a6onesaHHeM s nocesax s ,n:sa pa3a. liTo JKe KacaeTCJI 6one3Heil, TO Ha nocesax 3XHHau:eH nypnypHoti s ycrrosmt:x
.,
JieCOCTeiiHOH 30Hbl YKpaHHbl H~eHTmjmuHpOBaHbl HaCTOliiUall MyqHHCTaJI poca, MI1KOniia3MeHHaJI JKenryxa, B11pycHaJI M03ai1Ka, KOpHeBbie fHHJIH, IIJITHHCTOCTH, IIOCJie~HHe npa.reKaiOT no nmy acKOXI1T030B, cenTopH030B, aHrpaKH030B. KopHeBbie
rHHJIH BCTpeqaiOTCJI eJKero,n:Ho, nopaJKaJI
10 - 44 %
pacTeHH!i, Ha 6onee cTaposo3pa-
CTHh!X IIOCeBaX KOJII1qeCTBO 60JibHb!X pacTeHHH 11 CTeiieHb 11X nopaJKeHHJI yseJIHqi1BaeTCJI BCJieJ1CTBI1e HaKOIIJJeHHJI 11HcpeKL(HH Ha KOpHliX 11 B noqse, 11 MOJKeT JJ:OCTI1raTb
60 %.
MoHHTOp11HrOBbiMH 11ccne,n:osaHHJ1MH BbiJIBJJeHo, qTo Maccosbie 3a6one-
saHHJI IIJITHI1CTOCTJIMI1 IIpOTeKaiOT B fOJJ:bl C IIOBbiWeHHOH BJiaJKHOCTbiO B HIOJJe - aBrycTe -
80 - 100 %
nopaJKeHHhiX pacTeHI1H. Ha116onee MaccosbJM 11 spe,n:oHOCHbiM
3a6onesaHHeM 3XHHau:eH nypnypHoil s nocne~Hee ,n:ecJITHJieTHe JIBJilleTcJI B11pycHall M03aHKa, npHHOClliUaJI 3KOHOMHqecKH OIUYTHMb!e IIOTepH ypolf<aJI Ha IIOCeBaX ro,n:os sereTaUHH.
2- 3
K np»MhiM IIOTepnM ypoJKan OT spe,nHTenei1 11 6one3Hei1 rrpHcosoKyrrrrHIOTCH KOCBCHHbiC - HCIIpHrO,IJ;Hble K ynoTpe6JICHIIIO BCJIC,IJ;CTBHC IIOBpC)!()lCHHH If II0pa)!(CHI1H IIO'ICpHCBIIII1C (Kopmi), no6ypeBIIII1e, IIO)!(CJITCBWHC (Tpasa) Op-
raHbl paCTCHHH, MCXamrqecKHC rrpHMCCH B BH)le OTMCpiiiMX CTa)lHH BpC)lHTCJICH, HX 3KCKpCMCHTOB. DpHBC)lCHHC ChiphH )lO TOBapHoro Ka<JeCTBa Tpe6yer Bbi6paKOBKI1 HenpHrO)lHbiX <JaCTCH paCTCHHH, B pC3YJihTaTe KOTOpOH CHH)!(aCTCH HCXO)lHM Macca ypO)!(aR. KpoMe roro, nospeJKJJ:eHI1JI spe~I1TeJIJIMH 11 nopa)f(eHI1JI 6oJie3HJIMH oTpHua-
raHbKOBH'I H. M., ropomKo B. B., KpHsyHeHKo B. n. On~THaR cTaHUMR neKapcTBeHHwx pacTeHMA YKpaMHCKoA aKaAeMMM arpapHwx HayK,
YKpaMHa, c. 6epe30TOYa, ny6eHCKM~ paAOH nonTaBCKOA o6naCTM, 37535 OC06EHHOCT~ PEAKU~~ 3X~HAUE~ nYPnYPHO~
HA
nP~MEH~EMbiE CPEACTBA 3Ail(II'!Tbl OT BPEA~TERE~ ~ 60RE3HE~
3xHHaueR nypnypHM (Echinacea purpurea
(L.)
Moench) He HBJUICTCH HC-
TenhHO CKa3LIBaiOTCJI Ha KaqecTBe Cb!pbll, KOJJlfqeCTBeHHbie IIOKa3aTeJIH co,n:epJKaHHll OCHOBHbiX ,n:eHCTB)'IOIU11X Bell.(eCTB (3KCTpaKT11BHbiX BeiUeCTB, IIOJIHCaxap11JlOB, OpraH!f4eCKHX KHCJIOT) y IIOBpeJK,n:eHHbiX HJIH IIOpaJKeHHbiX paCTeHI1H 6onee HI13KHe ITO cpasHeHH:IO c HenospeJK,n:eHHbiMH. Y4RTbiBaJI H3JIOJKeHHoe, c uenbiO CHH)f(eHHJI noTepb ypo)f(aJI 3XHHaueH: nypnypHoft oT spe~HTeneft 11 6one3Heil HaMH, HaqHHall c
1991
rona, rrposeneHo HCIIhiTaHHe
XHMHqeCKHX If 61fOJIOfl1qecKHX Cpe~CTB 3aillHTbl pacTeHHH B 6opb6e C Bpe~Hb!MH opraHI13MaMif.
KJUO<JCHHeM cpen11 KYJThTHBHpyeMhiX pacreHHi1 11 s ycJIOBHHX arpou:eHo3a rron-
}lnJI 3all.(I1Tbl BCXO~OB OT KOMIIJieKCa Bpe~I1TeJieH If 6one3HeH H3yqanaCb 11HKpy-
sepraercH nospe)!()lemno spenHTeJIRMH 11 nopa)!(eHrno Ja6oneBaHHHMH. Momr-
CTaUHJl CeMJIH panKOJIOM, CO~eplKailllfM B CBOeM COCTaBe 11HCeKT!fU:H~ 11 cpyHrHL(H~.
rop11Hr <}>11TOCaHHTapHoro COCTOHHHH ee OIIhiTHbiX H np0113BO)lCTBCHHhlX IIOCC-
B
BOB CBI1)leTCJihCTBYCT 0 TOM, 'iTO 3a 6o.riee 'ICM riOJICTOJICTI1H C MOMCHTa ee 11H-
BCXO)f(eCTb CeMliHOK, B IIOJJeBbiX - 3aillHTHOe ~eHCTBife npOTI1B MHOfOli~HbiX BpeJ111··
24
na6opaTopHbiX ycnoBHJIX lfccne~osanocb ero BJilfJIHHe Ha JHeprHIO npopacTaHHJI 11
Ex libris: ТРАВЫ ЖИЗНИ. http://medherbarium.blogspot.com
25
TCJICH 11 KOpHCBb!X fHI1J1CH. Tip11 3TOM Mbl 8ITCpBb!C CTOJIKHYJ111Cb C TCM, '!TO XHMI14C-
011THMaJibHbiC !lJIH np0$18JlCHHH 3a60JICSaHHH, KOJ!HlJCCTSO rropaiKCHHb!X pacTCHHH
CKI1C cpe).l,CTBa Ja~I1Tbl paCTCHI1H OKaJbiBaiOT HCKOTOpoe, a 8 OT)J,CJlbHbiX CJiylJaJIX 11
HaXO,LlHJIOCb S rrpeACJiaX 60 -
3HalJI1TCJlbHOC OTp11UaTCJlbHOC 803)J,CHCTBHC Ha pOCT H pa3BI1THC paCTCHI1H 3XHHaUC11
InyqaeMbiX sapHaHTax nopaJKeHHe cocTa8mmo 27 - 4
ITYPITYPHOH.
B
na6opaTopHbiX ycno8HJIX ITO cpasHeHHIO c KOHTponeM 11HKPYCTHpo-
8aHHhie CCMJIHK11 HMCJII1 60JICC H113KYIO 3HCprHIO ITpopacTaHI1JI 33 -
68 %, TO CCTb B 1,5 -
KOHTJ'OJIJI (27 -
95 %, a S KOHTJ'OIIC -
100 %.
I
8
HHb!X ycJIOSHJIX Ha
%, 8 KOHTpone - 43 %. He-
CMoTpH Ha CHHIKCHHC KOJIH'-ICCT8a nopaiKCHHb!X paCTCHHH, B sapHaHTaX C IlpHMCHC-
21 -
27 % ITpOTI1B
HHCM <iJYHrHUHA08 HC na6JIIO,UaJIOCb npH6asKH ypOIKaJI, S 60nblliHHCTSC cnyqae8 OHa
2 pa3a. lfx 8CX0)J{CCTb TaK*C 6b!Jla B 2 -
3 pa3a HH)J{C
6hiJia na
40% ITPOTI1B 90 -- 91 %). Ha )J,pymx KYJihTypax -
K03JIJITHI1Ke ne-
KapcTBCHHOM, HaiTepCTJIHKC lliCpCTHCTOH, acrparane rnepCTI1CTOUBCTKOSOM, HHKpyCT11pOsaHHb!C paiTKOJIOM CCMJIHKI1 HC OTJIHlJaJIHCb OT KOHTJ'OJlbHbiX ITO 3HCpf11H ITpOpacTaHHJI H SCXO)J{CCTH. ftl1 IIOKaJaTCJ!H 6biJIH )J,a)J{e Sbillie, 'IeM S KOHTpOJie. TIO'l-
I 0 - 27%
HMJKe no cpasHeHMIO c KOHTponeM. BHernne yrHeTeHHH pacTCHHii
HC OTMC'laJIOCb, HO CHHIKCHHC MaCChi KOpCHCBH~ H KOpHCH CSH,LlCTCJlbCTSYCT 0 HapymeHHHX S MCTa60JTM3MC paCTCHMH ITOJ:( B03J:(ei:fcTSMCM cpyHrHUMAOB. Ha ocnosaHHH )laHHhiX na6opaTopHbiX 11 rroneshiX HCITbiTaHHH cpeACTS
3a~HTbi
paCTCHHH Mbl npM!llJIM K Sb!SO)ly, 'ITO 3XHHaUeJI rryprrypHaH- paCTCHHC OlJCHb qys-
spej:~Hb!MH
SeHHbiH KOMITJleKC He CTa6HJI113Hp0SaJI )J,eHCTBI1e ITpeiTapaTa. rycTOTa SCXO)J,OS S sa-
CTSHTCJlbHOC K npHMCHCHHIO S 60pb6e C
p11aHTaX C ITp11MeHeHI1eM paiTKOJia 6b1Jla B } ,5 pa3a HI1)J{e ITO cpaSHCHI1!0 C KOHTpO-
TCJlbHbiX cpeAcTs XMMHIJecKoro npoHcxo~KJ:~eHHJI. X11MH1JeCKHe cpeAcTsa 3a~MTbi
JlCM- 16 3K3./IT. M. ITpOTHS 23 3K3./IT. M. B KOHTpOJie.
8
opraHH3MaMH Ha HCH MCTpC6H-
TO )J{C speMJI HHTOKCHKaUI1JI
paCTCHHH, o6Jia)laJI )lOCTaTO'IHOH 6HOITOfHlJeCKOH 3<lJ<IJeKTHSHOCTb!O I1pOTMS spC.UH-
pacTeHHH HHCeKTHUH)J,OM CITOC06CTSOSaJia 3HalJHTe..'lbHOMY CHI1)J{eHI1!0 ITOSpe)J{)J,eHHJI
TeJTeH M 6oJie3HeH, ymeTaiOT pa3BMTHC paCTCHHJI B UCJIOM, lJTO He CITOC06CT8yeT ITO-
SCXO)J,OB )J{yKaMH ceporo CSeKJIOSHlJHOfO )J,OJlfOHOCHKa H 6onee CJia6oMy JaceJICHHIO
JiyqeHHIO npw6aBKM ypoJKaH. Cne.uosaTeiTbHO, TaKTHKa B 6opb6e c speJlHhiMH opra-
paCTCHHH SO speMJI BereTaUHH COCY~HMH Bpe)J,HTeJJJIMI1. 3a~HTHOfO )J,eHCTSHJI OT
HM3MaMH 3Xl-fHaUeH J:(OJl/KHa 6a3HpOBaTbCH Ha llpHMeHeHMH cpeJ:~CTB.3a~HTbl paCTe-
KOpHesbiX rHHneii He Ha6niO)J,anoch. OrpwuaTeJJbHoe BOJ)J,eiicTsHe Ha ¢opMwposa-
HHH, MMCIO~HX npHpO.U~IOe npoHCXO)J{)J,eHMC.
HHe ryCTOTbl BCXO)J,OB ITp11BeJIO K ITOJiyqeHHIO Ha OITbiTI-IblX )J,eJJJIHKaX MCHblliCfO ypO)J{aJI, HC)J{eJ111 S KOHTpOJie: KOpeHCBH~ 11 KOpHeH -
I 5,5
u/ra 11p0TI1S 59,4 u/ra,
CCMJIH COOTSCTCTBeHHO 5,7 u/ra 11 8,3u,/ra. B 6oph6e c KOpHeBbiMH rHHJIJIMH c uenhiO yHH'lTOJKeHHJI HH¢eKUHH Ha nepBbiX
(TMT,l.(,
8C.% C. n.; TieHTaTHypaM, 50% c. n.; <l>yH)J,a30JI, 50% c. rr.;
Eaii¢H)J,aH, 50% c. rr.) 11 6HonorHIJeCKHMI1 (EaKT0¢11T, TieHTo¢ar, CHM6HOHT). B na6opaTopHbiX onbnax npenapaTbi
IlOCJTeJ:(yiOII{CM HaMH CTaJI qp0113SOJ:(HTbCH IlOMCK ITpenapaT08, KOTOpbre HMe-
HCTpe6"'1HIO~ee
HJIH
ymeTaiO~CC
J:(eHCTSHC Ha KOMIIJTeKC SpCJ:IHTeJTeH M 6o-
Jie3Hei1 3XHHaUeH, He S03J:(eHCTSYH npH 3TOM Ha ee pacTeHHH, llJlH )J{C, KOTOpbie 6bi
¢max pa3SI1THJI pacTeHI1H H3Y1JaJIOCb npoTpaBmiBaHHC CeMJIHOK XI1MI14CCKHMI1 rrperrapaTaMH
8 JlH 6bi
TMT,l.(,
IlOSbllllaJIH ycTOH'lHBOCTb paCTCHHH K ne6narorrpMHTHbiM <IJaKTOpaM cpe)J,bl M TeM caMhiM - K spennhiM opraHH3MaM.
B
nepsyiO oqepenh nposerr11 HCIThiTaHHH pmnHlJ-
HbiX <IJM3HOJ!OfHlJeCKM aKTHSHblX Be~eCTS, OTHOCH~HXCH K perynHTOpaM pOCTa pacTeHHH, MCnOITb3YCMbiX Ha pa3ITH1JHb!X ceiTbCKOX03JIHCTSeHtfbiX KYJJbTypax.
TieHTaTHypaM, Eaii¢w)J,aH HOJIHo-
<l>M3110JIOfHlfeCKM aKTHSHble COe)J,HHeHHH Ha OCHOBe IIpOH3SO)J,HbiX IIMpH)J,HHa 11
CTbiO rro)J,a8JIJIJIH rpH6HyiO ¢nopy nocesHoro MaTepwana 3XHHauew, <l>yH)J,a30JI -
TeTpamnp(JTHo¢eHnHOKCH)J,a,
lJaCTHlJHO. 0)J,HaKO, see OHH CHJ1)KaJIH S 3 - 4 pa3a 3Hepm!O rrpopacTaHHJI CeMJIHOK, K
He¢TeXMMHH HAHY, H3y1Janl1ch B rra6oparopHbiX 11 norresbiX ycnoBHHX.
MOMeHry yiJeTa SCXO/KCCTH OTpHUaTeJibHOe BJIHJIHHe rrpoTpaSHTeJieH HCCKOJibKO OC-
rree J:ISYX j:ICCJlTKOB npenapaTOS, HCnb!TaHHbiX B Jia6opaTOpHblX YCJJOSHHX, HC OKaJa-
Jia6eBaJIO. Jla6opaTOpHaJI SCXO/KeCTb rrpoTpaBJICHHbiX CeMJIHOK 6hiJia 60JTCe 'leM Ha
JIOCb MMeiO~HX OTJ'HUaTe,1hHOe SJIHHHHe Ha ilOCCBHbiC KalJCCTSa CCMHHOK 3XMHaUCH.
30 %
HJf)J{e ITO cpaBHCHH!O C HerrporpaBJieHHbiMH. bOJiee CHJibHbiM TOKCH'leCKHM
B03J:(eHCTBifCM Ha CeMJIHKH o6naJ:(aJIH <J>yHJ:IaJOJI H Iiaii<IJI1J:~aH.
8
SI1J:IY TOfO, lJTO S
IlOJieBbiX YCJI0811JIX rrpOTpaBHTeJII1 He CI10C06CTBOBaJIH I10"'1y'leHI1!0 l~PY)J{Hb!X paHHHX SCXOJ:(OS 3XHHaUeH, TO S J:(aJibHeiirneM HX HCITbiTaHHJI He npOSOJ:(HJII1Cb.
8
TO
IKe
SJIHJIHHJI Ha ITOCCBHbie KalJeCTSa CeMJIHOK 3XHHaUeH, KaK XI1MH'IeCKHC. flo CSOeMy J:(CHCTBHIO Ha naTOfCHHYIO MHKO<IJnopy CeMJIHOK 3XI1HaQe11 OHH 3HalJI1TCJlbHO ycTy-
B
sapwanTax c XHMHlJeCKHMH rrporpaswTeJIJIMH
nopaJKeHHbiX rpw6aMH ceMJIHOK HaC'li1TbJsanoch 0 -
I ,2
%, c 6wonomqecKHMH -
cy~eCTSCHHO
HHcTM'fYTOM
6HoopraHH1JCCKOH
CpeJ:~H
11 6o-
IIOSbllliaJIM 3HCprHIO npopacTaHHJI CCMHHOK, o6na-
.UaJIH lJeTKO Sb!pa)J{eHHblM 3a~HTHbiM J:(eHCTBH.CM no OTHOUICHHIO K KOMUJJeKcy MMKOMHUeTOB. Cxo.UHbie pe3ynhTaTbi nonyiJeHbi HaMH np11 ucnbnanuH perynliTopos pocTa
8peMJI 6HOJIOrH1JCCKI1e npenapaTbl He 11MCJIH TaKOfO OTJ'HUaTeJibHOfO
IlaJIH XHMHlJeCKHM rrpoTpaBHTCJIJIM.
TipaKTHlJeCKH see
pmpa6oTaHHbJe
I ,0
pacTeHHH, pa3peUieHHhiX K npwMeHeHMIO na pa3HhiX KYJJhTypax, a HMCHHO ArpoCTHMYITHHa, 3MHCTMMa, HsHHa, TioTeHTMHa. Cne)J,osaTenhHO, )J,JJH 6opb6bJ c speAHhiMH opranH3MaMH 3XHHauew nypnypHoli He06XOAHMO H3y1JaTb nperrapaThl, 6JIM3KHC UO CSOCMY XHMHlJeCKOMy COCTaSy K UpH.pOj:~HbiM
COe.UHHeHHJIM.
- 3,0 %, B KOHTpone 3,2 - 3,5 %. B noneBhiX ycnoBHJIX H3 6HonomqecKHX npm·pasuTeneii 3¢¢eKTHSHbiM 6hiJI J!Hllib CuM6HOHT, nopaJKeHHe pacTeHHii KopneBbiMH fHHJIJIMH COCTaBJIJ!JlO 4 B
o/o 11pOTI1S
12% B KOHTJ'OJ!e.
6opb6e c IT$1THHCTOCTJIMH 3XHHaQeH nypnypHoii H3y'lanocb onpbiCKHSaHHe
pacTeHHH nepsoro
roJ:~a
sereTaUHH ¢YHrHUH.UaMH - Iiai1¢HAaHoM, CKopoM, Eaiine-
TOHOM, <PonwKypoM, AnhTO. 06pa6oTKa pacTeHHii nposoJ:(I1nach s nepHO.Ll n0$1SJieHHH uepsbiX npH3HaKos rropa1KeHI1H pacTeHI1H. B sapHaHTax c ¢YHrHUH)J,aMH 8 ro,Ubi,
26.
Ex libris: ТРАВЫ ЖИЗНИ. http://medherbarium.blogspot.com
27