J;by'!CHHC 6HOJ10rHH H TCXHOJTOrHH B03JlCJlbiBaHHJI 3XHHaUCH nypnypHOH B Y MaHcKOM rocyD,apcTBCHHOM arpapHOM ymmepcHTeTe Ha'!anocb c
1999
ro.D,a. Pac-
TCHHH Bb!paUlHBa.JlHCh Ha TCMHO-CCpOH OTIO.ll,30JTCHHOH TIO'!BC C CO.D,CpJKaHHCM ryMyca
2,9 %.
IToiJBCHHhie 11 KJTHMaTH'!eCKHe ycnOBHJI IOJKHOHlJaCTH Jieso6epeJKHOH Jie-
cocTenH YKpaHHhi .D,OCTaTO'!HO 6naronpHliTHbi nnll BbiCOKoii nponyKTHBHOCTH HccnenyeMoii KYJThTYPhL 3XHHaUCJI nypnypHall -- MHOrOJTCTHCC TpaBJIHHCTOC paCTCHHC
140
BhlCOTOH no
CM, CTC6JTH OKpyrno-pe6pHCThiC, CJTa6o pa3BCTBJTCHHhlC, onyrneHHhiC. HHJKHHC
JTHCThH HHUCBHnHhiC, TIO Kpa!O ropontiaT0-3y6tiaTbiC, OTIYliiCHHhiC, Ha nnHHHhlX Kpbl"1aTbiX qepemKax. BepxHHe - IlCJThHOKpaiiHHe, npononrosaTo-Hi1uesHnHhre, cunlltiMe MJTH no'!TM cHnH'!He. JIHcTopacnonmKeHHe oqepenHoe. CouseTMH - onHHO'!Hhre Kop3HHKH nMaMeTpOM no 10 CM. L{BCTKlf B KOp3HHKaX nsyx THIIOB. ITo Kpa!O KOp311HKH JTOJKHOH3hllJKOBbiC, 6ecf1J10)lHhiC, CBCTJTO-Ma.JlHHOBhlC. BHy-rpeHHMC UBCTKH Tpy6'!aTbiC, 060Cf10Jlh!C, lKCJTTOopaHJKCBbiC. •06sepTKa
2-
4-pllnHaJI, mapOBHnHaH. qemyHKM o6sepTKH JTaHUeTHO-
liiHJTOBMnHbiC C KOJT!OlJCH BepXyliiKOH. l{BCTOJTOJKC KOHlllJCCKOC, IIOKpblTO nepefiOH'laTbiMM '!CliiYHKaMH, onHHaKOBOH OKpaCKH C Tpy6IJaTb!Mlf UBCTKal\111, HO 60JTblUCfO pa3Mepa.
repKHRn 3. B. , Kpaseu T. A. YMaHCKaR rocyAapcTseHH~~ arpapH~~ yHMBepcMTeT, YKpaMHa, r. YMaHb, n/o «CO¢MeBKa», 5, 20300
----MOP410110rH51 H AHATOMio-151 BErETATHBHbiX OPrAHOB 3XHHAUEH nYPnYPHO~ (ECHINACEA PURPUREA (L.) MOENCH)
Puc. 1. AnamoMU'lecKoe cmpoeHue cme6JIR Jxuual{eu nypnypnou
3XHHaQeJI rryprrypHaH - UCHHOC JlCKapCTBCHHOC, MenoHOCHOC, neKOpaTHBHOC 11 KOpMOBOe paCTCHHC CCMCHCTBa acTpOBbiC (Asteraceae). B 1li1KOpaCTYli.ICM COCTOJIHHM OHa BCTpetiaeTc» B MeKCHKe u ua cesepe CiliA. B HaCTOJIIUee speMJI mHpoKo KYJibTHBHpyeTCJI BO MHOfHX CTpaHaX EBpOTibi, BKJl!O'!aJI 11 YKpaHHy. IloBblliiCHHbiH HHTCpec YtiCHbiX H npOH3soncTBCHHHKOB K 3TOMY pacTeHH!O o6ycnosneH, B nepsyro oqepenh, HaJIH'!HCM BCli.ICCTB - MOllYJIHTOpOB HMMYHHOH CMCTCMbl. PaCTCHHH CO.UCplKaT IIOJIHCaxapH)lbl, pa3H006pa3Hb!C opraHHlJCCKHC KHCJIOTbl, npOH3BO)lHb!C KO$CHHOH KHCJIOTbl, llOJIHaMH)lbl, $HTOCTep011bl, 34JHpHb!C Macna, CMOJlbl. 3XMHaUC!O npHMCHJI!OT IIpH 6aKTepHMbHbiX, BHpyCHbiX, pecrrupaTOpHbiX 11 MHOrHX XpOHH'!CCKHX 3a6oneBaHHliX ay-rOHMMYHHOrO xapaKTepa, npH CCUTH'lCCKHX npoueccax, npH MHOrHX KOJKHb!X, fllHCKOJIOrH'!CCKHX If ypOJIOflf'!CCKHX 3a60JICB3HHJIX ( 4). ITpenapaTbi H3 3XHHaueH nypnypHOH no 4JapMaKOJIOrH'!CcKoMy neil:CTBHJO npH-
...
Puc. 2. AuamoMU'lecKoe cmpoenue KOpHR JXUHal{eu nypnypnou
Ha.D,neJKaT K TOHH3Hpy!OiUHM C aHTI1M11Kp06HbiM, llpOTHBOBHpyCHbiM, HMMyHoperyJIHpy!Oli.IHM, a T3KJKC npOTHBOp3.D,i13UHOHHb!M B03.ll,CHCTBHCM.
32
Ex libris: ТРАВЫ ЖИЗНИ. http://medherbarium.blogspot.com
33
HH}I. IlpH 3TOM '!eTKO pa3JTH'Ia!OT: ITOKpOBHYIO '!aCTh, KOTOpa}l rrpe)lCTaBJTeHa OJlHOp}!JlHhiM KJTHHH3HpoBaHHhiM KpyrrHoKJTeTO'!HbiM 3ITHJlepMHCOM c 'ICThipeXKJTeTO'IHhiMH ryrrhiMH TpHxoMaMH, rrepBH'IHYIO Kopy 11 ueHTPaJThHhiM UHJTHHJlp. 3nHnepMHC COCTaBJT}IeT
1,2 o/o
TOJllllHHhl cpe3a. rl1cTOJTOrl1'1eCKI1M COCTaB rrepBH'IHOM KOphl CO-
CTaBJT»eT ITJiaCTHH'IaTa}l KOJTJTeHXHMa, KOTOpai! ITOCTeneHHO, '1Cpe3 yroJTKOBYIO KOJIJieHXHMy, nepeXOllHT B rrapeHXHMY 11 3aKaH"'HBaeTCil CJTOCM KpynHOKJTeTO'IHOM 3H.L(Ol{epMhl. TiepB11'1HaH Kopa cocTaBJT»eT
6,5 %
TOJlll\11Hhi cpe3a. UeHTPaJThHhiM l\11-
JII1HllP Ha'II1HaeTCH CKJTepeHXI1MOH 11 napeHXHMOM nep11UHKJli1"1CCKOrO 11p011CXOlKllCHI1H. CKJTepeHX11Ma cpaBHHTeJihHO xopowo pa3BI1Ta, pacnoJToJKeHa Ha.L( <fJJToJMOM co-
Puc.
cynl1cTo-soJTOKHI1CTbiX ITY"'KOB H OKpylKaCT He TOJlhKO <fJJTOJMy, HO 11 TOHKI1M KOJlh-
3. Tpex.ny'leBUR nepBU'liWR KcuneMa KopnR 'JXUHUlfeU nypnypnou
UOM KCI1JlCMy. Cocy.L(I1CTO-BOJlOKHI1CThiC 11Y'IKI1 KOJTJiaTepaJTbHh!C OTKph!Thie, pacrro-
IlJlOl{hi-CCMHHKH Me1IKI1C, cepoBaTo-6ypue, '!eTh!pexrpaHHhie, Ha BCpXylllKC C
JlOJKeHhl no Kpyry 11 pa3JII1"1aiOTCH pa3MepaMH. KpynHhie o6pa30BaJTHCh ewe np11
rrepCIIOH"'aT0-3y6"1aTOM KOpOHKOlf. TKaHh OKOJ10111IO.ll.H.HKa phiXJlaH, JJCrKO pa3pywaCTCH. CeMR C Bh!COKI1M CO.ll.Cp)KaHHCM MaceJJ. Macca
1000 CCMRHOK 3,0- 4,5
<fJopMHpOBaHHH nepB11'1HOrO CTpOeHHH H YBCJIH"'I1BaJII1Ch B pe3yJibTaTe pa60Thl KaM-
r.
6HH, MCJIKI1e -
3xMHaueH nyprrypHaH JJerKo pa3MHoJKaeTCH ceMRHKaM.H 11 sereTaTHBHO. Cse)Keco6paHHhie CCMRHK.H 11MCIOT JJa6opaTOpHy!O BCXO)KCCTh
85 - 95 o/o. B
nepBhiH MeCJIU
COCTaB <fJJI03Mhl BKJIIO'IaCT CI1TOBI1llHhiC Tpy6KI1 C KJlCTKaMH - CITJTHI·:IUaMH 11 Jiy6}1-
BereTaL{I111 IIOCJIC BhiCeBa CCMHHOK paCTCHHR paCTJT MC).IJTCHHO H TPe6yiOT TI.QaTCJihHOfO yxo.n.a.
B
HYIO rrapeHXI1MY, a KCI1JieMa -
6% pacTeHHii. saeTCR ).10 no6eru.
B
10 - 17
JIHCThCB. renepaTHBHh!C no6em o6pa3y!OT TOJlhKO
JIOJKeH KaM6Hil:, a Me)KJlY ny'!KaMH- MC)KITY"'KOBh!M KaM611M.
5 -
4 - 5 pHllOB MCJTKHX MepHcTeMaTI1'!ecKHx KJTeTOK, "'TO 2 o/o, <fJJI03Ma- 4,0 o/o, KCI1JlCMa- 17,8 o/o, a COCYJ.IHCTO-BOJIOKHI1CThiH ny'IOK BMecTe - 23 % TOJTW11Hhi cpe3a. CKJTepeHXHMa rrepHUHKJTH'!ecKoro rrpo11cxolK.L(eHHH, KOTOpaH OKpyJKaeT KCHJleMy - 2,5 o/o TOJ!Uli1Hhl cpe3a. OcTaJThHhie 54,8 % TOJTIUHHhi cpe3a cocTaBJIHeT KpynHoKJTeTO'!Ha», ph!XJTaH naKaM611i1 npe.D,cTaBJIHIOT
Ha BTopoM ro.n.y sereTaU11.H KOJJH'ICCTBO JlHCTheB B po3eTKe yseJI.H'I«-
16 - 34
liiTYK 11
96 o/o
COCTaBJI}IeT ] -
paCTeHHH o6pa3yiOT 06J1HCTBCHHh!C reHepaTHBHh!C
cpe.n.HeM Ha O/.IHO pacTeHI1e np11XOJli1TCH
90 -- 120
IllT. J111CTheB.
UBCTeHI1H paCTCHHR BcrynaiOT B KOHUC MIOHH, fl IIpOJlOJllKaeTCH OHa
B
30 - 40
<fJa3Y JlHeH.
CeMHHK11 co3pCBaiOT B asrycTe - ceHTR6pe.
peHXHMa. CxH3oreHHhie CMOJIHHhie XOJlhi pacnonoJKCHhi B rrapeHXHMe rrepB11'1HOM
IlO).I3CMHaH 'Iacn, pacTeHI1R HMeeT csoeo6pa3Hoe CTpoemte. CTep)KHCBaH Kop-
KOphl 11 UeHTpaJThHOrO UHJII1Hll,pa, HO KOJll1"1eCTBO HX He60JihlllOe (p11C.
HeBaR CHCTeMa COCTOHT 113 fJ!aBHOrO KOpHR 11 KayJ{CKCa. 0T fJ1aBHOfO KOpHR OTpac-
5- 6
'laCTh KOpHeif pacnoJiaraeTcJI ua my611He
)laJTO B03MO)KHOCTh ycTaHOBI1Th cne.D,yiOml1e oco6eHHOCTI1 11 3aKOHOMepHOCTI1. Ko-
CM. liOKOBh!C KOpHI1 pa3BI1Thl XOpO!IIO 11
pacnonaraiOTCR BHa"'aJTC rOp1130HTaJThHO, a 110TOM ymy6J1HIOTCH ).10
15 - 20
30
peHh 11MeCT BTOp11'1HOe aHaTOMI1'1CCKOC CTpOeHI1e 11 CHapylKH 110Kph!T XOpOillO pa3-
CM. liOJlhlllaH
BI1TOM rrepH).IepMOH, KOTOpaH BKJTIO"'aeT rrpo6Ky, <fJenoreH 11 <fJeJIO).ICpMy. Ilpo6Ka
CM. KayJJ:eKc - H11)KHRR "'aCTh m-
11MeeT KOp11'1HeBhiH UBeT. CocTaBJI»eT rrep11AepMa
noKOTiiJJR, KOTOpaH C)KCrO).IHO paCTCT 11 JTOJTIIJaCTCR, 11 Ha KOTOpoif B KOHUC nepsoro
JIJ"ll1 H3 rrapeHXHMHh!X KJTeTOK, B KOTOph!X 3anaca!OTCH 1111TaTeJihHh!e semecTBa.
HeeT l1 Ha HeH 011HTh 3aKJTa,[(hiBa!OTCR 11p11.D.aTO"'Hhie rrOqKH H KOpHH. J13 110'1CK B
MelK.L(y pa).ll1aJThHhiMI1 JTy"'aMH pacrroJTOJKeHhi Tp« KOJIJTaTepaJThHhiX OTKphiThiX
CJICJlYJOI.QeM BereTaU110HHOM 11Cp110).1C pa3BHBafOTCH BereTaTHBHhie no6eru (napTHKYJ1hl), KOTophie MO)KHO 11cnonh3osaTh JlJ1H serenTHBHoro pa3MHO)KCHHR.
cocyJ.111CTO-BOJIOKHI1CThiX rry'!Ka. Kc.HJieMHaH '!aCTh ny'!Ka pa3BI1Ta 6onhwe 11 co-
B KOHUe 3 - 4 CM.
cTaBJIHeT
B
KCI1JieMe BTOporo rona 3aKJlal{hiBa!OTCH
BTOp.H'IHhie pan.HaJThHhie ny'm 113 napeHXHMHhiX KJTCTOK. KaM6HaJihHoe KOJTbUO pa3-
H3MeHCHHhiM B pe3yJihTaTe 11HTPO.ll.YKIIHH ycnosuRM cpe.n.hl, a TaKJKe ocymecTBHTh )J,HarHOCTI1KY Kaf!CCTBa ChlphR (2).
6enh 3XHHaiJCI1 HMeeT nepeXO.ll.HOM (npOMC)KYTO"'Hhlll) THll aHaTOMH"'eCKOI'O CTpoe-
TOJllUHHhl cpe3a. ri1CTOJIOrl1"1eCKHM COCTaB KCI1JleMhl BKJliO'IaeT:
rona BereTaU11H pa3l{eJ1eHa napeHXI1MOM.
HOB 3XHHaiJCH nypnypHOM ).laeT B03MO)KHOCTh 110HRTh nyTH ee 11pHCI10C06JleHHH K
.l.(JJll HCCJIC).IOBaHHH aHaTOMH"'CCKOfO CTpOeHI1H CTC6JJH HCI10J1h30BaJIH BCpXHIOIO
51,4 o/o
TPaxen, ApesecHhie BOJlOKHa .11 11,pesecHy10 na,peHXHMy. KcHJieMa nepsoro 11 BToporo
J1CCJ1eli,OBaHI1e OC06CHHOCTeii aHaTOMH"'CCKOrO C1'p0CH11H BereTaTiiBHh!C Opra-
'laCTh reHepaTHBHoro no6era co c<tJopMnpoBaB!IIHMCH BTOpH'IHhiM C11JOCHHCM. CTe-
Ill11p11Hhl cpe3a. ,[(aJThiiie
BI1"1HOH KCI1JieMhl, OT KOTOpbiX OTX0).111T XOpOIIIO pa3BI1Thle 11CpB11"1HhiC pa).ll1aJThHhie
!IITyK. Ha).l3eMHa» 'laCTh mnoKOTHJ1H 311Moi1: OTM11paeT, a nomeMHaR npesec-
TPeThero ro.n.a )Kfi3H11 Kay.n.eKc y 3X11HaueH nypnypHoif .ll.OCTI1raeT B JlHaMCTPe
15,1 o/o
pacnOJIO)KeH UeHTpaJihHh!H U11JII1Hllp, B UeHTpe KOTOporo HaXO).IHTCH Tp11 Jiyqa nep-
rO).Ia BereTai-UIOHHOro nepHOJla 3aKJTall,hiBa!OTCR ITO"'KH B0306HOBJJCH11H B KOJifi4CCTBe
5 - 12
1).
J13y"'eHI1e aHaTOMH"'eCKOrO CTPOeHI1H KOpHeM li,ByxJieTHI1X paCTCHHM 3XHHaQel1
Ta!OT 60KOBh!C KOpH11 pa3Hh!X 110pHJlKOB. Heo6XOJlHMO OTMCTI1Th, 'ITO rnaBHh!M KOpeHh pa3BI1T CJia6o 11 JlOCTHraeT Jl]]HHhl
cocyJlhi (TpaxeH), pacnoJIOJKCHHh!e p}!JlaMH, npeaec-
HYIO napeHXHMY 11 npesecHh!e BOJIOKHa. MelK.L(y <PnoJMOH 11 KCHJICMOM rry"'Ka pacno-
ycJJOBHHX 10ra JiecocTenH B nepBh!H ron sereTaU1111 3X.HHaueR nypnypHaR o6-
pa3yeT p03eTKy 113
BTOpH'IHhiC, KaM611aJThHOrO npOHCXOJK.L(CHI1H, o6pa30BaJTHCh B pe-
3YJihTaTC nep~XOllHOrO THITa aHaTOMH'ICCKOrO CTPOCHHH CTe6JI}I. ri1CTOJIOri1'1CCKI1M
JlCJIHCTCH Ha HY"'KOBhiH H Me)KHY'IKOBhiM KaM6HH, KOTOphie pa6oTaiOT 110-pa3f!OMy. Ily"'KOBhllf napeHXHMHOrO np011CXOJK.L(eHHH 11 <fJopM11pyeT K UCH'rpy KOpHH BT0p11'1-
....
HYIO KC.HJleMy, a HapylKy -
BTOp.H'IHYIO <fJJTOJMy. MelKIIY"'KOBhiM KaM6HH nep11U11K-
Jll1'!eCKOro np011CXOJK.L(CHI1H H <fJopMHpyeT napeHXHMHble KJTeTK11 pan.HaJihHhiX ny'iClf.
34
Ex libris: ТРАВЫ ЖИЗНИ. http://medherbarium.blogspot.com
3S
Hapy)f(y ITY'IKOBhlH KaM6Hif <flopMHpyeT BTOpH'IHYIO <flJJ03MY B COCTaae CHTOBHJlHhlX Tpy6oK C KJJeTKaMH-CfiYTHHUaMH H rry6RHOH napeHXHMhl, KOTOpaj( XOpOlllO
B HHX HaKaiTJJHBaiOT0,032 - 0,077 % ( 1).
pa3BHTa H COJlep)f(MT CMO;lHHhJe XO.Il_hl 3JIJIMTIT.HT.feCKOif <flopMhl. CH MaCJia, CO.Il_ep)f(aHHe KOTOphiX y 3XHHal.(eH nyprrypHOH
AHaTOMH'ICCKHMH HCCJie):lOBaHHRMH ycTaHOBJieHo OTCYTCTBHC CMOJUIHhlX XO):lOB B KCHJieMHOH '!aCTH KOpHH. flepBH'IHaJI <fJJI03Ma, B pe3yJihTaTe BTOpH'IHh!X H3MeHeHHif, OlTCCHeHa K rrepH.Il_CpMC H He BhlpameHa. <l>JI03MHaJI '!aCTb UCHrpaJihHOfO UHJIHH):lpa COCTaBJIHCT 42,3 % WHpHHhl Cpe3a (pHC. 2, 3). CKJJepCH.Il_OB, KaK YTBCp)!(J{aiOT
B. H.
CaMopO):lOB H C.
B.
nocrreJIOB ( 1999), B
TOll 'laCTif CTC6Jij( If KOpHH, KOTOpaH H3Y'IaJiaCh He 06Hapy)f(CHO, B03MO)f(HO, 3TO 3aBHCHT OT B03pacTa BereTaTHBHhiX opraHOB H yCJIOBMH B03):lCJihiBaHMH 3XHHaUCH
(3).
JIIJy'!eHHC aHaTOMM'ICCKOfO CTpOCHMJI BCfCTaTMBHhlX opraHOB 3XHHaUeH rryprrypHOH ):laeT B03MO)f(HQCTh HHTcprrpeTHpoBaTb a,llanTaUHOHHYIO CIIOC06HOCTb pacTeHHH, MCCTa HaKOIIJJeHMH BC!UCCTB, KOTOpb!e HCITOJib3YIOTCH B <flapMaKOJlOflf'leCKOH IIpOMbiWJICHHOCTM, a TaK)f(e pa3pa60TKY TCXHOJlOfHH B03):lCJibiBaHHH 3TOH KYJII>Typbl C MaKCHMaJibHhiM BbiXO):lOM 3KOHOMH'IeCKH BblfOll,HOfO JieKapcTBCHHOfO CblpMl.
Eu6JiuorpafiluH 1.
CaMOpO,llOB B.
H.,
l1rrhHHa M.
r.
CpaBHHTCJlhHOe tl3y'lcHHe aHaTOMH'ICCKO-
ro CTpOCHRH KOpHeH 3XHHaQeH 6JICll,HOH, 3XHHaQcH rryprrypHOH If 3XMHaQeH Y3KOJIHCTHOH // 1/by'leHHe H HCITOJih30BaHHe 3XHHaQeH. MaTep. MC)f(JlyHapo,n:H. KOH!f>epeHQ., flomasa,
21 - 24
2.
I1JihHHa M.
35-37.
CaMopo.uos
B. H.,
ccHT.
rrpe,n:CTaBHTeneH' po,Ua 3XHHaQeH
II
1998 r.
T.
- flomasa: «BepcrKa»,
CaMopo,Uos
B. H.,
AHaTOMH'IccKoe .H:CCJic,lloBaHHe CTe6JIH
12
Mi:)fmapo,UH. nayK. Koucp. -
flocrrenos C. B. 3XMHaQeH B YKpaHHe: nonyseKoson
011hiT MHTpO,llyKQHH M B03,llCJihiBaHRH.- fiOJITaBa: «BepcTKa»,
4.
~- C.
BHB'ICHHH OHToreHe3y poCJIHH npHpOJlHix i
KYJII>TYPHHX !f>nop y 6or. 3aKJia,Uax. MaTep. flomasa, 2000. -C. 299- 301.
3.
1998.
CaMopOll,OB B.H., flocrreJIOB
C.B.,
MoHceesa
r.<I>.
cocras npe.ucrasnTene.H po,n:a 3XUHaQeH (Echinacea purpurea ero !f>apMaKonomqecKHe csoncTsa ( o63op)
T. 30. -N~ 4.- C. 32-37.
1999. --52
C.
M ,llp. Cl>HTOXHMH'ICCKHH
II XHM.-!f>apMaQ.
(L.)
Moench) H
)i(ypHan. -
1996. -
Ex libris: ТРАВЫ ЖИЗНИ. http://medherbarium.blogspot.com