New Profiles 5

New

Engelska som A1-språk för gymnasiet

New

COURSE

New

5 COURSE

2

3

4

5

6

Jaana Ikonen Anna-Mari Mäkelä Lynn Nikkanen Olli-Pekka Salo Tuula Sutela Harriet Lindroth Camilla Hannuksela Sarah Mattila

5

ISBN 978-951-52-4766-7

9 789515 247667

1

SCHILDTS & SÖDERSTRÖMS

Weights and measures

Prefixes in English A prefix is placed at the beginning of a word to modify or change its meaning. Many prefixes have Greek and Latin origin. This is a list of the most common ones, together with their basic meaning:

längd/ höjd

length/height inch

in, 1”

tum

2,54 cm

foot

ft, 1”

fot

30,48 cm

yard

yd

yard

91,44 cm 1 m = 1.09 yd

Prefix

Example

Meaning

arch

archbishop, archenemy

main, most important

anti

anti-nuclear, anti-aircraft

against

mile

m

eng. mil

1,61 km

nautical mile

–

sjömil

1,85 km

square foot

sq ft

kvadratfot 0,093 m² 1 m = 10.76 sq ft / 1.19 sq yd

acre

–

eker

auto

automatic, autonomous

self

bi

bimonthly, bisexual

two

co

collaborate, co-worker

together, mutual, common

dys

dysfunctional, dystopia

bad, not well

extra

extramarital, extraterrestrial

outside, outer

hyper

hyperactive, hyperventilate

in excess, great amount

inter

interaction, intermission

between

mal

malcontent, maltreatment

bad, wrong

mono

monotone, monorail

one

GB

fl oz

uns

28,4 ml

yta

volym

4047 m²

Shoe sizes

multipurpose, multimedia

many

poly

polygamy, polyglot

many

pint

pt

stop

0,57 l

post

post-war, postpone

after

gallon

gall

gallon

4,54 l

pre

prehistoric, prelude

before

pro

pro-life, pro-American

in favour of

re

rewrite, reassure

again

semi

semiconscious, semicircle

half

sub

subconscious, subway

under, below

trans

transatlantic, transformation

through, across

tri

trilogy, tripod

three

ultra

ultramodern, ultralight

very

uni

unicorn, uniform

one

As the name suggests, a prefix is fixed or added to the beginning of a word to change or modify its meaning.

Many English prefixes come from Latin and Greek, and a good knowledge of them can help you work out the meaning of unfamiliar words. Generally speaking, prefixed words are written without a hyphen, although those prefixed with anti-, non- and ex- usually include one. A hyphen may also be used to make the word clearer or easier to read, especially when two vowels are written together as in the word re-educate. But when in doubt, consult a dictionary as variations between British and American English do exist.

Celsius to Fahrenheit: Multiply the Celsius figure by 9, divide by 5, then add 32 to get the Fahrenheit figure.

1 ha = 2.47 acres

capacity/volume

multi

Prefixes

Fahrenheit to Celsius: Subtract 32 from the Fahrenheit figure, multiply by 5, then divide by 9 to get the Celsius figure.

area

fluid ounce

1 dl = 3.42 fl oz 1 l = 1.76 pt / 0.22 gall

US

vikt

Temperatures 212°F. boiling point 68°F. room temperature 32°F. freezing point

1 cm = 0.39 in

fluid ounce

fl oz

29,6 ml

pint

pt

0,47 l

gallon

gall

3,79 l

1 l = 2.13 pt / 0.26 gall

weight ounce

oz

uns

28,35 g

pund

lb

skålpund

453,6 g

Women’s shoes

Men’s shoes

US

US

European UK

7.5

41

7

European UK

5.5 36.5

4

6

4.5 8

41

7.5

6.5 37.5

37

5

42

8

7

38.5

5.5 9

42

8.5

7.5

39

6

9.5

43

9

8

39.5

6.5 10

43

9.5

8.5

8.5 40.5

7

10.5 44

10

9

7.5

11

10.5

41

44

Clothing sizes 1 kg = 2.2 lb

Women’s dress and suit sizes

Men’s suits

US

European

UK

US & UK

European

6

34

8

34

44

8

36

10

36

46

10

38

12

38

48

12

40

14

40

50

14

42

16

42

52

16

44

18

44

54

18

46

20

46

56

20

48

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New COURSE

1

2

3

4

5

6

Jaana Ikonen Anna-Mari Mäkelä Lynn Nikkanen Olli-Pekka Salo Tuula Sutela Harriet Lindroth Camilla Hannuksela Sarah Mattila

Schildts & Söderströms

Schildts & Söderströms www.sets.fi

Illustrationer Teckningar 90 Iain Campbell

Denna bok är en ny reviderad utgåva som främst baserar sig på originalet Profiles 6.

Redaktör (New Profiles 5): Lari Assmuth Redaktör för den finska förlagan: Katja Merontausta Layout för finska förlagan: Tarja Petrell Layout och ombrytning New Profiles 5: Jukka Iivarinen Omslag: Jukka Iivarinen Bildredaktör: Lari Assmuth © Finska förlagan ProFiles 6: Jaana Ikonen, Anna-Mari Mäkelä, Lynn Nikkanen, Olli-Pekka Salo, Tuula Sutela och Sanoma Pro Oy. © Den svenska New Profiles 5: Camilla Hannuksela, Harriet Lindroth, Sarah Mattila och Schildts & Söderströms 2019.

Kopieringsvillkor Detta verk är en lärobok. Det är skyddat enligt lagen om upphovsrätt (406/61) och enligt lagen om fotografisk bild, om tillstånd till fotografisk bild inte har skaffats. Kontrollera att Er läroinrättning har gällande tillstånd till fotografisk bild. Mera uppgifter om tillstånd och innehållet i dessa ger Kopiosto r.f. www.kopiosto.fi.

Det är ovillkorligen förbjudet att kopiera boken eller del av den digital eller att göra ändringar i den.

Fondernas samarbetsgrupp som består av Svenska kulturfonden, Svenska Folkskolans Vänner, Föreningen Konstsamfundet och Lisi Wahls stiftelse för studieunderstöd har beviljat ekonomiskt stöd för utgivningen av detta läromedel.

Utgiven med stöd av stiftelsen Finlandssvensk Bokkultur.

ISBN 978-951-52-4766-7 1 upplagan, 1 tryckningen 2019

Foton Omslagsfoto 6 Bettmann / Getty Images 7 (uppe) stockfoto / Shutterstock.com 7 (nere) okänd / Wikimedia Commons 9 ChristianChan / Shutterstock.com 10 (uppe) Olga Aleks / Wikimedia Commons 10 (mitten t.v.) S-F / Shutterstock.com 10 (mitten t.h.) DK Howe / Shutterstock.com 10 (nere t.v.) Sony Herdiana / Shutterstock.com 11 (uppe) PolyPloiid / Shutterstock.com 11 (nere) Rawpixel.com / Shutterstock.com 12 anyaivanova /Shutterstock.com 16 Noom Kittipong / Shutterstock.com 17 Kei Shooting / Shutterstock.com 18 Undrey / Shutterstock.com 19 KeongDaGreat / Shutterstock.com 20 (uppe t.v.) Olesya Kuznetsova / Shutterstock.com 20 (uppe t.h) Jacob Lund / Shutterstock.com 20 (nere t.v.) Snyder, Frank R. Miami U. Libraries Digital Collections / flickr 20 (nere t.h) ESB Professional / Shutterstock.com 21 SasinTipchai / Shutterstock.com 22 Solis Images / Shutterstock.com 23 (uppe) REDPIXEL.PL / Shutterstock.com 23 (mitten) BEST-BACKGROUNDS/ Shutterstock. com 23 (nere) REDPIXEL.PL / Shutterstock.com 26 Krd / Wikimedia Commons 27 REDPIXEL.PL / Shutterstock.com 28 (uppe t.v.) Andrew Joseph Folts / Shutterstock. com 28 (uppe t.h.) Hanan Cohen / flickr 28 (mitten t.v.) Gunnar Bothner-By / flickr 28 (mitten t.h.) Travers Lewis / Shutterstock.com 28 (nere t.h.) Steve Jurvetson / flickr 29 (uppe) Nopparat Khokthong / Shutterstock.com 29 (nere) Monkey Business Images / Shutterstock. com 30 (t.v) dennizn / Shutterstock.com 30 (t.h.) panuwat phimpha / Shutterstock.com 33 ²°¹°° / Wikipedia Commons 35 Keystone-France / Getty Images 36 (uppe) Rawpixel.com / Shutterstock.com 36 (mitten) FrameStockFootages / Shutterstock.com 36 (nere t.v.) Space-kraft / Shutterstock.com 36 (nere t.h.) Freeda / Shutterstock.com 38 Aleksandar Mijatovic / Shutterstock.com 39 Robert Kneschke / Shutterstock.com 40 New Africa / Shutterstock.com 41 (uppe) Everett Historical / Shutterstock.com 41 (nere) Jacob Lund / Shutterstock.com 48 (t.v.) Yulia Plekhanova / Shutterstock.com 48 (t.h.) Augustine Bin Jumat / Shutterstock.com 49 dennizn / Shutterstock.com 51 TATSIANAMA / Shutterstock.com 52 think4photop / Shutterstock.com 60 (Hawking) Twocoms / Shutterstock.com 60 (Nobel) okänd / Wikimedia Commons 60 (Curie) Everett Historical / Shutterstock.com 60 (Musk) Kathy Hutchins / Shutterstock.com 60 (Kaku) lev radin / Shutterstock.com 60 (Kwolek) Science History Institute / Wikimedia Commons 60 (Blackwell) Joseph Stanley Kozlowski / Upstate Medical University, New York, Library / Wikimedia Commons 60 (Gadolin) okänd / Wikimedia Commons 60 (Wolfram) Joy Wolfram

60 (Tesla) Marc Seifer Archive / Wikimedia Commons 61 anyaivanova / Shutterstock.com 62 TORWAISTUDIO / Shutterstock.com 67 hxdbzxy / Shutterstock.com 69 NASA; restored by Michel Vuijlsteke / Wikimedia Commons 70 Hermann Rorschach / Wikimedia Commons 71 Arthimedes / Shutterstock.com 73 Sinseeho / Shutterstock.com 77 (t.v) Prostock-studio / Shutterstock.com 77 (t.h.) Sabphoto / Shutterstock.com 79 (t.v.) Jerome Aliotta / US Army 79 (t.h.) ESB Professional / Shutterstock.com 80–81 gob_cu / Shutterstock.com 82 Esteban De Armas / Shutterstock.com 84 Gorodenkoff / Shutterstock.com 85 Ben McCanna / Portland Press Herald / Getty Images 86 Astrid Riecken / The Washington Post / Getty Images 87 Pixeljoy / Shutterstock.com 88 Paul Morigi / Getty Images 89 RM Studio / Shutterstock.com 91 vchal / Shutterstock.com 92 (uppe) Shahjehan / Shutterstock.com 92 (nere) VILevi / Shutterstock.com 93 metamorworks / Shutterstock.com 97 (t.v.) Dan Wilton/The Red Bulletin / Wikimedia Commons 97 (t.h.) Vladimir Yazev / Shutterstock.com 98 (uppe) Meletios Verras / Shutterstock.com 98 (mitten) Scharfsinn / Shutterstock.com 98 (nere) Mark Straw & Trevor Chomumwe / flickr 102 (uppe t.v.) ©Columbia Pictures / Courtesy Everett Collection / All Over Press 102 (uppe t.h.) imago stock / All Over Press 102 (nere) Jonathan Chandler / US Navy / Wikimedia Commons 103 DanieleGay / Shutterstock.com 104 Antonello Marangi / Shutterstock.com 105 DanieleGay / Shutterstock.com 106 US Government / Wikimedia Commons 109 (t.v.) Popartic / Shutterstock.com 109 (t.h.) I WALL / Shutterstock.com 112 (uppe) GaudiLab / Shutterstock.com 112 (mitten) Sashkin / Shutterstock.com 112 (nere) jamesteohart / Shutterstock.com 113 Lucky-photographer / Shutterstock.com 114 (uppe) Natalya Lys / Shutterstock.com 114 (nere) Beyond The Scene / Shutterstock.com 115 Zapp2Photo / Shutterstock.com 118 (uppe) Rhododendrites / Wikimedia Commons 118 (nere) pixinoo / Shutterstock.com 120 VCG / Getty Images 141 (t.v.) Monkey Business Images / Shutterstock. com 141 (t.h.) superjoseph / Shutterstock.com 148 (uppe) Indypendenz / Shutterstock.com 148 (mitten) wavebreakmedia / Shutterstock.com 148 (nere) Mangostar / Shutterstock.com 151 (uppe) worldswildlifewonders / Shutterstock. com 151 (nere t.v.) Real Moment / Shutterstock.com 151 (nere t.h.) LightField Studios / Shutterstock.com

How to make the most out of this book Welcome to the New Profiles series! Here is a short presentation of how the book works so that you can use it to your best advantage. The first part of the book consists of four units with texts on different subject areas.

The following icons are used to show you what skills are focused on in each activity:

Icons Introducing a theme Kick Start

Getting you started with the topic at hand.

Text Wise

Making your English sound more natural and varied.

Word Power

Exercises in pronunciation Hear Say

Polishing your intonation and pronunciation.

Checking that you have understood a written text.

Speaking up Chat Room

Vocabulary

Idioms Phrase Bank

Comprehension exercises

Sound Bite

Strengthening and broadening your command of words.

Practicing your speaking skills.

Exercises in writing Note Pad

Improving the way you express yourself in writing.

Short listening comprehensions Helping you to make sure you understand spoken texts.

LEARNING TIP

Strategies to make it easier for you to learn English

HOW COME?

Presenting the origin of words and expressions

In addition to these exercises, you will find the following sections towards the back of the book:

In addition, you will find a vocabulary section in three parts:

Think Tank Helping you organize your writing and giving you ideas on what to write about.

List of irregular verbs English irregular verbs listed in one place with their Swedish translations.

Know How Presentation of grammatical rules and exercises to help you put them to use.

Text-based vocabulary New or more challenging vocabulary listed for each text separately.

Back Track Exercises for independent revision of what you have been working on. The correct answers to these exercises are found in the Back Track key at the end of this section.

Alphabetical vocabulary: English–Swedish A list of the vocabulary in alphabetical order.

Best of luck to you!

3

CONTENTS

page Course intro: Lucky accidents 6

Page

Text

Topic

KickStart

Unit 1 Beyond words

10

1 English is the language

Pros and cons of English as the standard language of science

2 Computer code as the

The rise of programming code 2a Work it out as a new lingua franca

3 The era of artificial

Using technology to translate speech

of science

20

next universal language

28

Kick Start

speech translation

1a

TextWise

Text Wise

PhraseBank

Phrase Bank

WordPower

Word Power

1b

1c

1d 1e What’s the point?

2b

2c

2d

3a

3b

3d

3c 3e Speech synthesis

4a 4b

4c

4d

4e 4g Prefixes 4h Psychology-

Unit 2 In layman’s terms

36

4 Three mysteries of us

Some everyday things that have scientists baffled

48

5 Abstracts

Scientific abstracts

5a

60

6 A day in the life

What does a typical day look like for a research scientist?

6a A scientist

related words

5c

5d

5e 5f 6b 6c A day in the life of

to remember

a young researcher

6d Unit 3 It’s not rocket science

70

79

7 WEIRD science 8 The war on reason

A lot of psychological and behavioral science isn't as representative as you'd think

7a 7c 7b The WEIRD

7d

Why is it so hard to popularize science?

8a What is

8b

8c

8d It’s time we

What will humans look like in 100 years?

9a 9b

9c

9d

9e 9f 9j Medical practice 9k Health-related

validity in research

7g

phenomenon scicomm?

7e Reliability and

marched for science

Unit 4 Any day now

90

9 Regular body upgrades

vocabulary

9m Body idioms 102

112

10 Flying cars 11 The city of the future

ThinkTank KnowHow: Grammar section BackTrack: Revision section Keys to some exercises

4

Flying cars are a staple of science fiction. Why don't we have them yet?

10a

How smart cities collect and use data

11a Big Data

121 127 153 168

10b

10c 10f Transport

10d 10h Space-related

11c

11d The Circle – fact

idioms

Explained

11b

vocabulary or fiction?

List of irregular verbs 169 Text-based vocabulary 173 Alphabetical vocabulary: English-Swedish 179

Chat Room

HearSay

Hear Say

1f

SoundBite

Sound Bite

NotePad

Learning tip

Note Pad

1h

1g

2e Linus Torvalds

2f

CONTENTS

ChatRoom

3f

4i Perfect your

4f

5g The science

5h

pronunciation

5b

of shifting stress

6e

6f

7f Writing a report 8e

8g Should scientists march?

8f

9g

9h

9i 9l

10e

10g

11e 11g

11f

Which dictionary?

How come?

In situ 50 Geofencing 104 Roundtable 112

5

COURSE INTRO

Lucky accidents Serendipity led to Sir Alexander

serendipity

Fleming’s (1881–

noun ser·en·dip·i·ty | /ˌsɛr(ə)nˈdɪpɪti/

1955) discovery of penicillin.

Definition of serendipity the faculty or phenomenon of finding valuable or agreeable things not sought for also: an instance of this

Alexander Fleming 4 Which event set Fleming on the path to discovery?

A His frustration with his messy lab

Text Wise

B His desire to help the victims of war

You are going to hear the popular-science slot which features in a breakfast radio programme every week.

The topic this week is discoveries that have come about purely by chance. Listen to the programme and answer the questions during the pauses.

Percy Spencer 1 Why was Percy Spencer studying magnetrons?

A He wanted to test them in the microwave oven, which he had just invented

B He was experimenting with technology used in warfare

2 What did he find out during his experiments?

A The bigger the microwave oven, the more quickly it cooked food

B Some foodstuffs were unsuitable for cooking with microwaves

Ernest Hamwi

•••

3 How did the ice-cream cone come about?

A Hamwi realized that he needed to co-operate in order to sell his own product

B An ice-cream seller asked Hamwi if he could make use of his waffles

6

•••

5 When Fleming returned to his lab after a holiday, he noticed that

A the bacteria in one of his glass dishes were no longer living

B some bread he had left behind was covered in mould

Isaac Newton

•••

6 Why is the apple incident regarded as an example of serendipity?

A Newton wasn’t thinking about anything to do with science when it occurred

B The incident happened suddenly, when Newton was least expecting it

Archimedes

•••

7 What did Archimedes notice when lying in the bath?

A It would be easy to calculate the volume of an object using water

B A strange, heavy sensation in his body 8 What did he do after making his discovery?

A He opened the window and shouted: “Eureka!”

B He went out without his clothes on

How attentively were you listening?

Work with a partner and see if you can recall the correct details.

1 What is the name of the island that used to be called Serendip?

A Sumatra B Sri Lanka

COURSE INTRO

Text Wise

C Java 2 When did Percy Spencer discover a new use for microwaves?

What’s cooking?

A during World War I B during World War II C between the two wars 3 Which of these foodstuffs did Spencer experiment with using microwaves?

A an egg B butter C sweetcorn 4 In which American state was the ice-cream cone invented?

A Missouri B Philadelphia C New York 5 What was mentioned about Fleming?

A Besides being a researcher, he was also a doctor B He fought in World War I C He was interested in cultivating plants 6 Where did Archimedes’ discovery take place?

A Athens B Sparta C Syracuse Eureka! Archimedes in his bath.

7

COURSE INTRO

Kick Start

Do you have an inventive mind? See if you can detect which everyday objects are being described below.

1 In a computer conference in San Francisco in 1968, Douglas Engelbart demonstrated an innovative device which he moved over the surface of a desk to control a computer. This technical breakthrough amazed his colleagues at the time, but it’s something we take completely for granted today. What is the device? .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 For thousands of years, doctors told patients suffering from pain to chew on the bark of a willow tree. It wasn’t until the 1800s that scientists discovered the substance in the willow tree which was so good at relieving pain and reducing fever. Today it’s sold everywhere in packs of ten or more. What is it? .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 After a slow start and years of rejection, in 1917 Swedish-born scientist Gideon Sundback finally patented a convenient, metallic fastening device in the States. It eventually became attached to all sorts of everyday objects from pencil cases to men’s trousers. What is it? .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 In Connecticut in the 1870s, a baker came up with the idea of printing his name on the base of the round, foil cases in which he baked his pies. Seventy years later, some students from Yale University suddenly realized that it was fun to throw the empty pie cases to each other through the air. The incident triggered a craze and a new toy was born. The name that was coined for it was very similar to the original baker’s surname. What is it called? .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 Developed in Mesopotamia (now part of modern-day Iraq) around 3500 BC, this object became an absolute necessity for humankind. The basic operating principle has been applied to everything from tiny parts in watches, to cars, computer disk drives and space rockets. What is it? .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8

Beyond words

UNIT 1 – BEYOND WORDS

Text 1 English is the language of science

10

1

A

Kick Start

Work with a partner and try to guess which numbers go where. You can find the answers on page 168.

350–400 million

maybe about 1 million

about 1.5 billion

55

20,000–35,000

about 7,000

as many as 350 Number of languages in the world

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number of people who speak English

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number of native speakers of English

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number of countries where English is an official language

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number of words in the English language

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number of words an average (native) speaker of English knows

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number of languages English has borrowed words from

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

English is the language of science Text 1

English is the language of science – and that’s OK On January 2, 2017, Smithsonian.com ran an article called “English is the Language of Science. That Isn’t Always a Good Thing”, in which the author cites studies showing how English centricity can cause important research reported in foreign languages to be overlooked.

The piece makes some good points: plenty of important science is done in non-English speaking countries and the prevalence of English tends to create higher visibility for work done in America, the UK and other anglophone regions compared to elsewhere in the world.

However, the Smithsonian article also went on to offer a substantial critique of the original research, citing the work of University of Washington science communications expert Scott Montgomery.

Montgomery pointed out that the existence of a

UNIT 1 – BEYOND WORDS

Text 1

11

UNIT 1 – BEYOND WORDS

Text 1 English is the language of science

standard language – in this case English – facilitates the spread of ideas rather than constricts it, and is a faster and more cost-effective alternative to translating the highly precise and technical language of science into multiple languages: Scientists in all fields would benefit from learning another language, Montgomery says – including native English speakers. But he believes that the best solution to science’s language barrier is encouraging scientists worldwide to study English. This may seem unfair to say as a native speaker, he concedes, but as English continues to spread and thrive worldwide, he says it is increasingly necessary. “It is a difficult process, with a rough justice to it,” Montgomery says. “But it is profound, human and repeatedly proven.”

The Smithsonian article highlights an important feature of the language debate: the contrast between the aspirational ideal, in which every expert can communicate freely in their native language and be understood worldwide, either via technology, translation, or widespread multilingualism – and the reality, in which the costs, complexity and practicalities

12

dictate the compromise of a standard language across the discipline or profession.

English, for better or worse, has emerged as that standard language, not just for science but also for business. That advantages native English speakers, and one can question the justice of that across a range of issues, including the visibility of research. But it is an advantage that non-native speakers can readily overcome.

One solution to closing those linguistic gaps?

Business English training designed specifically for professionals like scientists. With the right kind of learning program geared to adult learners, scientists and other technical professionals can rapidly gain the confidence and competency to express their ideas in English and get the global attention their insights deserve.

Blog post from GlobalEnglish.com, August 9 2017 globalenglish.com/english-language-of-science Copyright GlobalEnglish 2017. Reprinted with kind permission of GlobalEnglish.

1

B

Text Wise

Choose the best alternative.

1 What is said about the article that appeared on Smithsonian.com?

A It discusses the prominent position of English in science B It focuses on research done in anglophone regions C It includes substantial critique of linguistic research 2 What is Montgomery’s attitude to English as a lingua franca in science?

A He thinks all scientists would benefit from learning multiple languages B He concedes that English is important in science C He claims that English makes it possible to quickly share scientific ideas

UNIT 1 – BEYOND WORDS

English is the language of science Text 1

3 What does the Smithsonian article highlight?

A The reality of multilingualism B How complex the language debate is C The disparity between reality and aspiration 4 What solution is offered in the text?

A Language education tailored to scientists’ needs B Increasing scientists’ confidence to share their research C Professional Business English training for adults 5 How would you describe this text?

A As a critical analysis of an article B As an extract from an article C As a marketing gimmick for Business English training

13

UNIT 1 – BEYOND WORDS

Text 1 English is the language of science

1

C

Phrase Bank

Find the following items in the text.

1 att ha bra argument

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 engelsktalande regioner

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 omfattande kritik

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 att ha nytta av något

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 infödd talare

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6 att bli förstådd över hela världen .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7 i med- och motgång

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8 att ifrågasätta rättvisan i något

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9 att minska språkklyftorna

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10 anpassad till vuxna elever

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

D

Word Power

Rewrite the sentences using the words in parentheses but still keeping the same meaning.

You may have to conjugate the verbs.

1 I know many French-speaking Canadians, but no English-speaking ones. (anglophone) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 The professor didn’t notice the mistake I had made in my report. (to overlook) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 There is a great deal of research that proves smoking is bad for your health. (substantial) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 I’m happy to admit that I can get to work more quickly with an electric bicycle than a car. (readily) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14

5 Teenagers may sometimes feel that their parents’ rules limit their lifestyle. (to constrict) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6 Yesterday it became clear that she would be appointed president of the company. (to emerge) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7 The fact that obesity is so common among Finnish adults is worrisome. (prevalence) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UNIT 1 – BEYOND WORDS

English is the language of science Text 1

8 In the end I had to admit that it was true that I had exaggerated the severity of the situation. (to concede) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9 It can sometimes be more useful to just listen to a lecture without taking notes. (to benefit from) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10

If you set up a shop or restaurant, it’s important to make sure it’s designed so that it’s suitable for people with disabilities. (to gear something to) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15

UNIT 1 – BEYOND WORDS

Text 1 English is the language of science

1

E

Word Power

WHAT’S THE POINT?

Below is a list of idiomatic expression containing the word POINT. Complete the sentences on the following page by using these expressions.

to make a point of doing something

to consciously and deliberately make an effort to do something

to reach a boiling point

if a situation reaches boiling point, it becomes very dangerous and cannot be controlled

to be on the point of doing something

to be about to do something

to see the point in doing something

to understand or appreciate the meaning, reason, or importance of (doing) something

a case in point

a clear example of the problem, situation, etc. that is being discussed

at this point in time

at the present moment, right now

beside the point

irrelevant, off the subject

one’s strong point

a thing that you do well

if/when it comes to the point

if/when the time comes when you have to do or decide something

more to the point

more crucial or important to what's being discussed

I see the point.

16

1 Driving while under the influence is against the law and, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , extremely dangerous.

2 I just don’t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in another year in high school when I know I can go find work now!

3 Music trivia is one of Sam’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , so I think we should ask her to be on our pub quiz team.

4 His political interests are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All I want to know about him is whether he can do the job properly.

5 Many of the students are from Latin America. Carlos is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

– he’s from Colombia.

UNIT 1 – BEYOND WORDS

English is the language of science Text 1

6 She . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . calling her grandmother every week. She knows how much it means to her.

7 I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sending the email when I noticed it contained several errors.

8 We don’t have all the details, but . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , it seems that the suspect acted alone.

9 I don’t like either solution, but if . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , I think the best solution would be to merge the companies into a single entity.

10

Tensions in the region have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Full-scale war now seems inevitable.

Reaching the boiling point.

17

UNIT 1 – BEYOND WORDS

Text 1 English is the language of science

1

F

Chat Room

1 In October 2018, The Finnish Language Board issued a warning that both Finnish and Swedish are under serious threat due to influences from foreign languages. They said that English is taking over in e.g. working life, education, science and customer service and if the government doesn’t take action, Finnish might well become a language that is only spoken at the dinner table.

What do you think? Will English be the main language in Finland in the future? What are the possible benefits and drawbacks of this? And what will happen to Finnish and Swedish?

Discuss the issue in pairs or groups.

2 The Finnish Ministry of Education has received a proposal to introduce the possibility of taking the matriculation examination in English. The idea is that since English is the universal language of science and international relations, there is a growing demand for general upper secondary education provided in English. Consider the advantages and risks of such a reform and debate the issue in pairs. One of you is in favour of the proposal and the other against.

1

G

Note Pad

Imagine that you are working for a company that offers English language training to all kinds of learners. You have been asked to write an entry for the company’s blog with the aim of encouraging people to start learning English. Write this text in 700–1,300 characters.

18

1

H

Sound Bite

Go online and look up a video called Iceland’s battle against digital extinction published by Quartz News in September 2018. Watch the video and then summarise the content individually in writing or orally in pairs.

Make sure you answer the following questions in your summary:

1 What does the language planning department in Iceland do, and why?

2 What challenge does the Icelandic language face with regards to digitalization?

3 What has the Ministry of Education done in order to solve the problem?

4 What is the Icelandic government’s attitude to this problem?

See page 122 for tips on how to write a summary.

UNIT 1 – BEYOND WORDS

English is the language of science Text 1

Reykjavik with the majestic Esja in the background.

19

Weights and measures

Prefixes in English A prefix is placed at the beginning of a word to modify or change its meaning. Many prefixes have Greek and Latin origin. This is a list of the most common ones, together with their basic meaning:

längd/ höjd

length/height inch

in, 1”

tum

2,54 cm

foot

ft, 1”

fot

30,48 cm

yard

yd

yard

91,44 cm 1 m = 1.09 yd

Prefix

Example

Meaning

arch

archbishop, archenemy

main, most important

anti

anti-nuclear, anti-aircraft

against

mile

m

eng. mil

1,61 km

nautical mile

–

sjömil

1,85 km

square foot

sq ft

kvadratfot 0,093 m² 1 m = 10.76 sq ft / 1.19 sq yd

acre

–

eker

auto

automatic, autonomous

self

bi

bimonthly, bisexual

two

co

collaborate, co-worker

together, mutual, common

dys

dysfunctional, dystopia

bad, not well

extra

extramarital, extraterrestrial

outside, outer

hyper

hyperactive, hyperventilate

in excess, great amount

inter

interaction, intermission

between

mal

malcontent, maltreatment

bad, wrong

mono

monotone, monorail

one

GB

fl oz

uns

28,4 ml

yta

volym

4047 m²

Shoe sizes

multipurpose, multimedia

many

poly

polygamy, polyglot

many

pint

pt

stop

0,57 l

post

post-war, postpone

after

gallon

gall

gallon

4,54 l

pre

prehistoric, prelude

before

pro

pro-life, pro-American

in favour of

re

rewrite, reassure

again

semi

semiconscious, semicircle

half

sub

subconscious, subway

under, below

trans

transatlantic, transformation

through, across

tri

trilogy, tripod

three

ultra

ultramodern, ultralight

very

uni

unicorn, uniform

one

As the name suggests, a prefix is fixed or added to the beginning of a word to change or modify its meaning.

Many English prefixes come from Latin and Greek, and a good knowledge of them can help you work out the meaning of unfamiliar words. Generally speaking, prefixed words are written without a hyphen, although those prefixed with anti-, non- and ex- usually include one. A hyphen may also be used to make the word clearer or easier to read, especially when two vowels are written together as in the word re-educate. But when in doubt, consult a dictionary as variations between British and American English do exist.

Celsius to Fahrenheit: Multiply the Celsius figure by 9, divide by 5, then add 32 to get the Fahrenheit figure.

1 ha = 2.47 acres

capacity/volume

multi

Prefixes

Fahrenheit to Celsius: Subtract 32 from the Fahrenheit figure, multiply by 5, then divide by 9 to get the Celsius figure.

area

fluid ounce

1 dl = 3.42 fl oz 1 l = 1.76 pt / 0.22 gall

US

vikt

Temperatures 212°F. boiling point 68°F. room temperature 32°F. freezing point

1 cm = 0.39 in

fluid ounce

fl oz

29,6 ml

pint

pt

0,47 l

gallon

gall

3,79 l

1 l = 2.13 pt / 0.26 gall

weight ounce

oz

uns

28,35 g

pund

lb

skålpund

453,6 g

Women’s shoes

Men’s shoes

US

US

European UK

7.5

41

7

European UK

5.5 36.5

4

6

4.5 8

41

7.5

6.5 37.5

37

5

42

8

7

38.5

5.5 9

42

8.5

7.5

39

6

9.5

43

9

8

39.5

6.5 10

43

9.5

8.5

8.5 40.5

7

10.5 44

10

9

7.5

11

10.5

41

44

Clothing sizes 1 kg = 2.2 lb

Women’s dress and suit sizes

Men’s suits

US

European

UK

US & UK

European

6

34

8

34

44

8

36

10

36

46

10

38

12

38

48

12

40

14

40

50

14

42

16

42

52

16

44

18

44

54

18

46

20

46

56

20

48

22

New

Engelska som A1-språk för gymnasiet

New

COURSE

New

5 COURSE

2

3

4

5

6

Jaana Ikonen Anna-Mari Mäkelä Lynn Nikkanen Olli-Pekka Salo Tuula Sutela Harriet Lindroth Camilla Hannuksela Sarah Mattila

5

ISBN 978-951-52-4766-7

9 789515 247667

1

SCHILDTS & SÖDERSTRÖMS