ONLİNE DİCTİONARY
TEAM 1 AESTHETICS
TEAM 1
Aesthetics Aesthetics corresponds to the sub-branch or discipline of philosophy that relates to sensory value. What makes this most clear is the etymological origin of the term aesthetic found in ancient Greek. It was the famous German thinker Alexander Baumgarten (1714 - 1762) who introduced the term into philosophy and first used it to express a specific area or discipline of philosophy. It can be said that he originated from the first word, aisthesis, which means basic sensation.
BEAUTY As a concept, beauty stands in a line with truth, love, reality, life, righteousness. Like these concepts it has a wide and allpervading scope and importance and a tight definition is difficult. These universals however always manifest themselves in the particular, the individual, and the personal. These concepts, moreover, are closely tied together, so that one cannot speak about one without also touching on the other. Beauty will always exist where there is truth, love, life and reality, while sin, lies,hatred and death (in its deepest sense), being negative realities, are ugly and lead to ugliness. In this sense a marriage, a group of people in their communal relationship, an action or an attitude can be called beautiful
sentence examples
We explored the natural beauty of the island. I'm learning to appreciate the beauty of poetry. We explored the natural beauties of the island. She was one of the great beauties of her time.Atakan DĂźz
Art Ayşegül Kaçmaz .A feeling,design,beauty and so on.All the methods used in expression. 2.The superior creavity demonstrated by yhese methods
The aesthetic object
The third approach to aesthetics begins with a class of aestheticobjects and attempts thereafter to show the significance of that class to those who selectively respond to it. The term aesthetic object, however, is ambiguous, and, depending on its interpretation, may suggest two separate programs of philosophical aesthetics. The expression may denote either the “intentional” or the “material” object of aesthetic experience. This distinction, a legacyof the Scholastic philosophers of the Middle Ages, has played a major role in recent phenomenology.
BURAK ERKEĞIN
ART TYPES VÄ°SUAL ART
AUDIO ART
Plastic arts, also known as visual arts; It is defined as the activities that produce art products that create value on their own such as architecture, painting, drawing and sculpture which are not intended for use in artistic activities.
They are arts made through sound and words. Poetry and music are among these art types DRAMATIC ART It is the arts in which people express themselves or an event, a phenomenon with expressions transformed into action: Theater, opera, musical play, performing arts such as puppets, and dramatic arts.
ARÄ°F METE YILDIZ 15 TEMMUZ ANATOLIAN HIGH SCHOOL
Aesthetic Judgment ● They are subjective provision based on liking and disliking pleasure or not in the face of works of art. Judgment arises from the situation in which the object and the individual interact. It is based on the characteristics of the object and the feelings of people. Perception of the object consists of two processes :sensory and information - based. The object is perceived primarily as sensory. Perception of the object through our senses is possible by acquiring information about the object. Stimulatory effects are first noticed by visual perception and then recorded into memory. ● The person who experiences a physical experience then continues to perceive the object mentally. The information you acquire with our members based on mental processes based on our previous experiences. Finally the individual can also decide on new information with existing information and the object is classified with a meaningful category. ● AYŞE KUŞDEMİR 11/E 15 Temmuz Şehitleri Anadolu Lisesi
Sentence example We explored the aesthetic judgment . I learned that in the process of aesthetic judgment, it should create pleasure and contentment. Later I learned that cognitive and emotional processes come into play.
Beril HangĂźney Harmony For all beauties, the harmonious combination of parts is important. Compliance is important in both mobile and immobile assemblies. Already if there is harmony, there will be no beauty, not all. The artist wants to capture the hidden harmony in the universe and beings and reflect it in his works. Beauty is a harmony based on the tension of opposites in an entity. If this harmony in the universe is reflected in the works of art, they are beautiful. Harmonia is based on multitude of unity. Everything in the universe seems very complex. But when unity is achieved in the multitude, a harmony, a power, a beauty emerges.
Ĺžahan Uzun Menmet vocational technical anatolian high school Aesthetic subject It is a person who perceives, grasps and enjoys a natural creation or artwork without any interest.
ELÄ°F-uzunmehmet vocational technical anatolian high school Aesthetic pleasure It is the feeling of appreciation that occurs in the subject as a result of the relationship established with an aesthetic .Ăśn
SUDE-Uzun Mehmet Vocational Technical Anatolian High Schoolv MİMESİS is a representation of nature
and human behavior based on imitation in art and literature. It was used by Aristotle to assert that the role of art is ”imitation of nature.. Greek imitation
means.
Ă–NDER-Uzun Mehmet Vocational Technical Anatolian High Schoolv A work of art
work of art, work of art, work of art or work of art is an aesthetic physical element or artistic work.
The unsightly 1.1
Pau Argilier Gascó IES Sedaví
It is a reaction against the traditional concept of beauty, it’s the exemple of the art of the 20th century. The horrendous, grotesque and disconcerting, the atrociously shocking, can also be beautiful.
Can the representation of torture or inhuman torture be beautiful? (Laocoon). Can you get pleasure, even sexual enjoyment of the pain of others or even your own? (Marquis de Sade, Leopold von Sacher-Masoch)
The unsightly 1.2 Contemporary art did not seek mainly serene or picturesque beauty, but also the repulsive or melancholic, and provoke anxiety or other intense sensations, as in The Scream by Edvard Munch and in movements such as expressionism and surrealism.
An
Another way of understanding the unsightly is the rejection of established aesthetics, understanding this as fashion or personal image. It is what people use to refer to beauty.
The Aesthetics in Architecture 1.1 Architecture is a design process that involves planning, designing, creating, erecting, constructing and executing the construction of various types of buildings that are functionally efficient, economically viable and aesthetically pleasing.
The two most important factors in the design of a building are form and function. Functionality is the most important aspect of building design. The other aspect is the construction of the form or aesthetics.
Marcos Medina Davit Hakobyan IES SedavĂ
The Aesthetics in Architecture 1.2 Architecture is shown as an artistic discipline, with which a certain work is achieved by unifying each of its parts harmoniously always chasing beauty in its creation, which is interpreted as a subjective and abstract quality. Aesthetics comes to fulfill a common role in architecture, and is to integrate each element that is pleasing to the eye and perceive the beautiful in order to create spaces that express emotions and feelings. Through the contemplation of space can be detected objectively when a work is beautiful or ugly. Davit Hakobyan Marcos Medina IES SedavĂ
AESTHETICS in the COMIC The comic is a category of the aesthetics that ridiculously expresses the lack of historically conditioned correspondence of a social phenomenon, of the activity and behavior of men, of their uses and customs with the objective march of things and with the ideal aesthetic of progressive social forces.
THE AESTHETICS IN THE MUSIC. Music is an art capable of captivating and with which you can have an artistic experience. In this way it can be associated
with philosophical aesthetics.
THE AESTHETICS IN THE MUSIC.II The musical aesthetic is the part of the aesthetic that is
responsible for analyzing everything beautiful music has. Determined by its history, in addition to the melody and harmony that the musical piece achieves.
The stereotypes Stereotypes in philosophy and art Georg Lukรกcs was one of the first to worry about everyday thinking, largely forgotten about knowledge theories. For the Hungarian thinker, these were in a way too far from practical life, especially due to their high degree of specialization. However, in our day to day the connection between theory and practice prevails: the immediate perception of reality provides us with a series of basic features, which we unite to obtain consequences. Then, these analogies determine ordinary thinking and behavior. For Lukรกcs with art a generalization is born, an overcoming of the particularity, even without losing the individual experientiality.
OLD AESTHETICS With this the main concepts were known and at the same time problems were addressed that later facilitated the understanding of poetics and artistic image. It forms the principle and basis of European aesthetics. It is framed from the fifth century before Christ until the third century after Christ.
Leila. IES SEDAVĂ?. SPAIN
BODY AESTHETICS Represents realization of the beauty of Humanity. Art presents aesthetics as the realization of the beauty of Humanity. Objective sociology, also aspires and finds harmony and perfection, in civic and even historical and current political events.
Leila. IES SEDAVĂ? SPAIN
sublime aesthetics Sublime is known to everything that is seen as eminent, which reaches a high level in the scale of moral, intellectual or aesthetic values. According to philosophy, sublime is that which damages or destroys the observer, causing severe pain, because it is impossible to assimilate the object that is perceived. The sublime term is an extreme beauty, which goes beyond the viewer's rationality.
Carolina Cárdaba. ÍES SEDAVÍ
Sublime aesthetics For the philosopher Immanuel Kant, the sublime is that which is absolutely great, causing the viewer discomfort to overcome its capabilities. Some of his philosophical phrases are: ● “El sabio puede cambiar de opinión. El necio, nunca”. ●
“La paciencia es la fortaleza del débil y la impaciencia, la debilidad del fuerte”.
In relation to aesthetics, a branch of philosophy that focuses on the study of beauty, sublime is that which transcends the beautiful and human, is admirable, splendid, considered divine, that exalts the heart and mind.
Carolina Cárdaba. ÍES SEDAVÍ
TEAM 2: Epistemology
ON LINE DICTIONARY
Pragmatism Pragmatism is a philosophical movement that includes those who claim that an ideology or proposition is true if it works satisfactorily, that the meaning of a proposition is to be found in the practical consequences of accepting it, and that unpractical ideas are to be rejected. Pragmatism originated in the United States during the latter quarter of the nineteenth century. Although it has significantly influenced non-philosophers—notably in the fields of law, education, politics, sociology, psychology, and literary criticism—this article deals with it only as a movement within philosophy.
The term “pragmatism” was first used in print to designate a philosophical outlook about a century ago when William James (1842-1910) pressed the word into service during an 1898 address entitled “Philosophical Conceptions and Practical Results,” delivered at the University of California (Berkeley).
Nisa Buğdaycı 15 Temmuz Şehitleri Anadolu Lisesi-Adana
Truth Information is in full compliance with the subject of information. The accuracy of an information is only possible if it can be proved. Because truth is the conformity of thought and object. Muhammetcan Yerlikaya-15 Temmuz Ĺžehitleri Anadolu Lisesi-
LOGIC The field that determines the principles and laws governing the relationship and order between ideas to reach the right information is logic. Logic sets the rules of correct thinking and determines its principles. The theory of knowledge is based on the rules and principles of logic in establishing the relevance of knowledge to the object.
NazÄąm Eren
RASYONALİSM MİRAY KURÜM 15 TEMMUZ ŞEHİTLERİ ANALOTİAN HİGH SCHOOL
Rationalism; philosophical view, also called rationalism or rationalism, suggesting that the truth of knowledge can be grounded in thought and mind, not sensation and experience. Plato and Pythagoras defend this idea. Rationalism is opposed to empiricism, because it can only be achieved by the human brain. Rationalism argues that knowledge is in mind.
Plato is a great defender of rationalism.
Skepticism; it is a philosophical opinion that welcomes all kinds of information claims with suspicion, examines the foundations, effects and certainties of them, and also argues that the mind cannot obtain definite information, that even if the truth is reached, it will remain in constant and complete suspicion and that it is not possible to reach the absolute.
RUMEYSA KAYNARPINAR 15 TEMMUZ ŞEHİTLERİ HİGH SCHOOL
Nur CoĹ&#x;kun LOGIC Logic is the area that determines the principles and laws governing the relationship and order between thoughts to reach the right information. Logic establishes the rules of correct thinking and determines its principles. The theory of knowledge is based on the rules and principles of logic in establishing the relevance of knowledge to the object.
~There is no logic where fear exists.
~It is not possible for a person to consider himself foolish.
~Everyone; he is aware of the evil, with the most honest logic he keeps to himself -15 Temmuz Ĺžehitleri Anatolian High School
Batuhan-UZUN MEHMET VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL Empirism (Empiricism) It is the current that advocates that the right information can be reached by sensory data and experiment. It suggests that there is no innate knowledge in the human mind and that the information can be accessed by experiment data from the outside world. The source of information is experiment. Empirism is based on experimental physics. The first examples of empiricism are seen in Epicurus in antiquity. According to him, the first source of all information is sense.
FURKAN-UZUNMEHMET VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL ANATOLIAN HIGH SCHOOL Criticism Crystalism tries to approach the theory of knowledge by studying the mind. For this, he wants to reconcile rationalism and empiricism by taking the role of reason and experiment separately in providing information. Representative of Criticism Immanuel Kant: According to Kant, “All knowledge begins with the experiment, but not from the experiment.”
BATUHAN-UZUNMEHMET VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL ANATOLIAN HIGH SCHOOL
POSITIVISM
Positivism is a current of thought that advocates that information can be reached only by passing the data obtained through experiments and observations through the filter of reason and logic. By nature, all natural sciences act with a positivist approach. Positivism has contributed greatly to the emergence and development of social sciences.
RÃœYA-UZUNMEHMET VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL ANATOLIAN HIGH SCHOOL ANALYTICAL PHILOSOPHY Apart from analytical philosophy; Analysis, Linguistic Analysis, Logical Analysis, Philosophical Analysis, Ordinary Language Philosophy, Cambridge School of Analysis and Oxford Philosophy. Analytical philosophy is an Englishspeaking and common philosophical understanding in the Nordic countries. Continental philosophy is mostly the philosophical movement in countries whose native language is not English.
Intuitionism (Intuitionism)
Possibility of Right Information The systems and philosophers who argue that absolute, right information is possible make different opinions about where, how and by which means the right information can be obtained. MUHAMMED FATİH ARDIÇ 15 TEMMUZ ANATOLIAN HIGH SCHOOL
Mehmet-UZUNMEHMET VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL ANATOLIAN HIGH SCHOOL
Particularly effective in the first quarter of the 20th century, pragmatism was first introduced into philosophy by Charles Peirce (1839-1914) and formulated and developed by his racist William James (1842-1910). John Dewey (1842-1910) developed the relatively practical aspects of pragmatism in America. Schiller in England, Giovanni Papini in Italy (1881-1956), E.L. Roy is a philosopher representing pragmatism.
RELATIVISM Relativism holds that the views have no truth or universal validity, they only have a subjective validity framed within the different frames of reference. In general, discussions about relativism focus on specific issues. Relativism maintains that there are many ways to conceptualize certain social facts, and that none of them can be considered as "true. Clara MuĂąoz Vidal - IES Sedavi
There are several reasons why some authors consider relativism appropriate. They can stand out among them: ● The influence of physical, psychological or cultural elements on people's beliefs; ● The observation of the many ideas or conceptions that different groups or cultures have;
● The observation of the change of ideas over time.
FOUR
THREE
In human and social issues, three basic forms of relativism are recognized: 1. Cognitive 2. Moral 3. Cultural Clara Muñoz Vidal
ABDUCTION ADRIĂ N BAU This concept is the phenomenon that occurs when an organ or a part of the body structure distances itself from the middle plane that divides a body into two fragments of a symmetrical nature. It is a transverse orientation offset.
The movement that opposes abduction is adduction, a phenomenon that occurs when a portion of the body approaches the plane of symmetry.
Deduction Jorge Carrasco
The term deduction, which derives from the Latin word deduction, refers to the act and the consequence of deducing. This verb, in turn, refers to drawing a conclusion or discounting a certain amount. In its most general sense, deduction is understood as the process by which, by reasoning, we obtain a necessary conclusion from one or several premises initially given. with the logical laws or rules of inference of the system in which it operates
The deduction does not tell us anything about the material truth of the premises or the conclusion, but is limited to establishing a necessary relationship between the premises and the conclusion. It guarantees, therefore, that the conclusion necessarily follows from the premises, that is, the formal truth of the reasoning: that its logical structure is correct, that it complies with the logical laws or rules of inference of the system in which it operates
Apriority
Maria Rojano
Apriority is making an hypotesy without thinking the real facts, and not knowing about the concepts
Racionalism -Study the abstracto entities that only exist in the human mind.
-The main sirve and final test of knowledge , bases con obvious principles and axioms. -He afirma that the mind is cable to recognize reality through its ability to reason. -System of thoughts that accentuates the role of reason inc the acquisition of knowledge. -Benito Spinoza, Leibniz,Descartes.
Adrián Martínez Soler
IES Sedaví
GNOSEOLOGY It is the part responsible for the study of knowledge in general and many propose that no distinction be made between the two sciences.
ANOMALY The word anomaly supports several uses. In the general use that we give at the request of ordinary language, we use the word anomaly to indicate an irregularity or abnormality that occurs suddenly in what is usual and then, because it is something out of the ordinary it will awaken the attention of the observers causing huge surprise. It is a deviation from the shape or size of an anatomical structure.
Sandra Izquierdo
Empiricism: Study facts and experiences
The main source and ultimate test of knowledge is perception, intuition in the end the senses.
Denies the possibility of spontaneous ideas. Irene Sospedra GimĂŠnez
1/2
Requires observation (senses) to give certainty of their knowledge.
Check, confirm or deny a hypothesis.
What determines whether the knowledge is valid or not, is in the way we build them. John Locke, Berkeley, David Hume and Francisco Bacon.
Irene Sospedra GimĂŠnez
2/2
TEAM 3 Ethics
BİLAL-UZUNMEHMET VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL ANATOLIAN HIGH SCHOOL EVIL Cruelty, injustice, deception, jealousy, war, genocide, lies, cruelty and many more are human-induced evils. I'm confused the most about köt moral evil
ELÇİN-UZUNMEHMET VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL ANATOLIAN HIGH SCHOOL CRIME Human behavior, which expresses intentionally infringement of the legal values that need to be protected for the continuation of social order (caste) or the negligence of the rules to protect these values is "crime".
ESRANUR-UZUNMEHMET VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL ANATOLIAN HIGH SCHOOL JUSTICE fairness, conformity to rights, equality between mutual interests, equivalence, proportionality. The ethical and legal meaning of the word justice is used as honesty, fairness and equality.
YĂœKSEL-UZUNMEHMET VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL ANATOLIAN HIGH SCHOOL VIRTUE Throughout the history of philosophy, the concept of virtue has been given different meanings. Philosophers' moral teachings often differ from the meaning they give to virtue - moral good. Wisdom, bravery, accuracy, proportionality are examples of basic virtues. In short: moral tendency to be always and consistently good, prone to good and right actions. It is the power to aim for moral goodness and to act for good, at the expense of major obstacles. It is often used with or instead of the words morality, wisdom, virtue.
AUTODETERMÄ°NÄ°SM
view the agreement between determinism and indeterminism
self-determination. A person is free to the extent that he develops himself with his knowledge and experience. According to autodeterminism, freedom is to know, more is more freedom to know.
Morality: All of human characteristics ,in other words all of human characteristics Ethics in philosophy:The rules and behaviors of people in society. Philosophical questioning of ethics Ethics:Honer science. The term ethics derives from the Greek word ethos. Moral Law:The general rule that is necessary in terms of morality.
ESMA GÜL EKİCİ-15 TEMMUZ ŞEHİTLERİ ANADOLU LİSESİ
INDETERMINISM Concepts and opinions such as indeterminism, determinism, otodeterminism, libertarianism, and fatalism “are free in human (moral) actions?"the answers to the question have arisen in context. According to indeterminism, people are free to engage in moral actions. Because there are no factors that affect, determine or restrict human actions. Man acts freely using his own free will, and therefore the person is responsible for his behavior.
The view that everything that occurs in the universe cannot be explained by unchanging laws by rejecting determinism, that events, phenomena and processes that take place without being bound to the law of causality can also be found, that the human Will does not always work in the chain of cause and effect.
Those who claim to be free (non-essential); according to indeterminists, man is completely free in moral action. A man freely obeys the moral laws of society because he feels free. Since both of these views are incompatible with human facts, a third opinion has emerged.
Philosophical theory, which asserts that the relationship between cause and effect in the universe is not necessarily, and considers freedom of divine and human will possible; anti-determinism.
It is the anti-determinism that accepts that events cannot occur without reason, that there can be no absolute beginning in the world, no place of free will.
● EYLÜL CANYURDU -- 15 TEMMUZ ŞEHİTLERİ ANADOLU LİSESİ
DETERMİNİSM
Determinism in philosophy, theory that all events, including moral choices, are completely determined by previously existing causes. Determinism is usually understood to preclude free will because it entails that humans cannot act otherwise than they do.
he theory holds that the universe is utterly rational because complete knowledge of any given situation assures that unerring knowledge of its future is also possible. Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace, in the 18th century framed the classical formulation of this thesis. For him, the present state of the universe is the effect of its previous state and the
and the cause of the state that follows it. If a mind, at any given moment, could know all of the forces operating in nature and the respective positions of all its components, it would thereby know with certainty the future and the past of every entity, large or small.
“The assumption of an absolute determinism is the essential foundation of every scientific enquiry.” — Max Planck
GÜLBEYAZ ASLAN 15 TEMMUZ ŞEHITLERI ANADOLU LİSESI
In other words, the concept of deontological ethics only uses concepts that are deontic, ie homework, and focuses solely on the correctness or appropriateness of moral action. Where teleological ethics stands on the highest good, deontological ethics is based on the correctness of action.
Secondly, teleological theories suggest that certain types of action should be taken into account, while deontological theories argue that certain things must be done on the basis
of principle or because they are indeed true.
HATİCE KUŞUÇAR 15 TEMMUZ ŞEHİTLERİ HİGH SCHOOL
Managerial ethics Managerial ethics tries to classify the good and the bad in the attitudes of the managers towards the employees and the work itself, based on the objective of uncovering the basic problem of ethics, good and bad. In this context, it can be said that the main purpose of managerial ethics is to determine yönetici how it should be yönetici and “how it should not yönetici with a normative methodology.
(Halil Umut Gözüküçük)
THE WILL The will alludes to the intention with which the actions are carried out, which in this case is good oriented.Every voluntary act is conscious and freely chosen, but it may conceal a desire or a determination to do harm, or not to help, itself and/or others, and then it will not be a good will, but a bad one. For the philosopher Immanuel Kant, goodwill is determined by the intention of the person who acts, regardless of whether the result is positive or harmful.
TEAM 4 WÄ°SDOM
ONLÄ°NE DICTIONARY METAPHYSICS
ONLİNE DİCTİONARY
EACH MEMBER OF THE TEAM HAS TO WORK OF CONCEPT DEFİNİTİON ILUSTRATION
TASKS
EXAMPLE OF THE CONCEPT IN AN OUTHOR/TEXT SENTENCE
TEAM 4
Metaphysics Şerife Bülgen-15 Temmuz Şehitleri Anadolu Lisesi-Adana
Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of existence, being and the world. Arguably, metaphysics is the foundation of philosophy: Aristotle calls it "first philosophy" (or sometimes just "wisdom"), and says it is the subject that deals with "first causes and the principles of things". It asks questions like: "What is the nature of reality?", "How does the world exist, and what is
its origin or source of creation?", "Does the world exist outside the mind?", "How can the incorporeal mind affect the physical body?", "If things exist, what is their objective nature?", "Is there a God (or many gods, or no god at all)?"
Subject and Fields of Metaphysics There are three subject areas of metaphysics: ontology, theology, cosmology, and archeology. All four compound words have their origins in Greek words. “Logos”, common to all, means rational explanation. “To on eki in ontology, os theos eki in theology,” cosmos eki in cosmology, demek cosmos “in the universe and“ arkhe eki in archeology are the first in terms of knowledge. The subject of metaphysics refers to the branch of philosophy that deals with being as a whole and being that entity in terms of being.
LIST OF CONCEPTS 1-METAPHYSICS
7-PANTEİZM
2-EXISTENCE
8-EPİSTEMOLOGY
3-EXISTENTIALISM
9-BLACK HOLE
4-THEOLOGİCAL
10.THE BEİNG
5-ONTOLOGY
11-UNIQUE
6-SPACE
12.
Metaphysics is divided into three main branches by Aristotle. The first is ontology, which is defined as “a rational and conceptual study of what exists”. He tries to answer not only the question of "what is being," but also the question of "what kind of separate things are in essence." Here metaphysical research is often carried out on the concept of substance, which is defined as “an entity that needs nothing but itself to exist”.
philosophy of existence Philosophy deals with existence not only with its reality, but also with the
idea of ​what constitutes the existence of it. Philosophy is a basic knowledge that explores the essence, ie, the essence, of what constitutes existence as metaphysics or ontology.
Accordingly, the subject of metaphysics is the essences or ideal beings, which are above the empirical and individual being, cannot be grasped by the senses, are out of time and space, never change, and always remain the same as themselves. 15 TEMMUZ ŞEHİTLERİ ANADOLU LİSESİ-IŞIL SÜNDÜK
EXİSTENCE One of the basic concepts of philosophy first used Parmenides. 1. What exists exists is what is said to exist. There are some of the correct ones, the detail between interacting with existing things, the differences between truth and truth, but truth is one and the same in truths. In Aristotle, the "path of the existing" is the common, identical in the multiplicity of the existing. 2. As opposed to being and disappearing: Permanent, non-temporary. 3. The most general concept of all existing ones. 4. What really exists as the opposite of the image. // Being, real communication, differs from ideal (ideal) negotiation: Existence (existence) to real city was actually made as essentia of thought. Real time is what takes reality from objects, events, space, space-time is internal, voluntary, one is not thought there, it is nonspace-time, it cannot be perceived by the senses, this is the tangible reality here.
ŞADİYE ÇAKAR
-Being a person who owns the asset can do her thing.
-Peace is not the absence of violence but the presence of justice.
METAPHYSİCS EXİSTENTİALİZM ZEHRANUR AKTAŞ 11-E 901
FATIH-UZUN MEHMET VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL Theological metaphysics can be defined as an attempt to explain the existence of the universe or its source through God. There are actually two basic attitudes. The first is theism or monotheism, which explains the existence of the universe through God's creative action, claiming that the first cause of the universe is God. The opposite is atheism, which asserts that matter is eternal and the universe is not created. Atheism defines the attitude or approach that created and maintains the universe, which was born in essence as a reaction to the belief in transcendental God. In its birth and development, there is materialism, which asserts that, above all, the universe consists of matter and physical forces, and that different forms of life and consciousness are the result of a combination of elements of matter in the form of various organic forms.
Theological
SEDA-UZUN MEHMET VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL Metaphysics and ontology are two different terms that refer to the same field. Ontology, which means the science of being, is the branch of metaphysics that deals with existence in general, proof of existence. It is a branch of philosophy that deals with existence in terms of existence, which deals with the basic features of existence, that investigates existence in an abstract manner rather than researching the concrete existence.
ontology
EMRE-UZUN MEHMET VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL Space is the name given to the space outside the Earth's atmosphere and between other celestial bodies, except celestial bodies, which is thought to be infinite in the rest of the universe Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy. It was introduced by the first philosophers with the word"metaphysics", which means "beyond the physical sciences". His studies are on concepts such as being, existence, universal, feature, relationship, reason, space, time, god, event.
Space
BERKANT-MEHMET VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL
The other cross-section of the second major part of metaphysics consists of a philosophical cosmology. Cosmology, which means “universe science Äąyla in the sense of Lafzi, of course, differs from scientific cosmology which has become a part of the science of physics today. Philosophical or metaphysical cosmology differs from it in that it relies on a rational analysis, rather than scientific experimentation or research. The most important problem of this metaphysical cosmology is to provide an explanation for the material components of the universe and the order in it, and to make a final decision as to whether there is a purpose in the universe.
COSMOLOGY
ISMAIL-UZUN MEHMET VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL pantheism suggests that God and the universe are one and the same; he argues that the finite and limited world is a part, appearance or manifestation of the eternal, boundless and absolute Being. The most important representative of pantheism in the history of thought is Baruch Spinoza. Spinoza suggested that only one substance, God, existed as a competent, absolute and eternal being whose essence contained existence. Finite things, the material beings perceived by man through the senses, had to be, for him, manifestations or appearances of God. In his eyes, nature was not ontologically separate from God; He manifested himself in natural objects, as in many things, and manifested in individual beings. The pantheism in question, which revealed his unity, claimed that �God is in everything“. Pantheism has therefore been criticized for eliminating the distinction between the degrees of existence, for example, keeping a person with stone.
Pantheism
EPISTEMOLOGY
by Carlos López
Epistemology (from Greek ἐπιστήμη epistḗmē, 'knowledge' and λόγος logos, 'study') is the branch of philosophy that studies knowledge, deals with the nature of knowledge, its possibility, scope and general basis. The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were the age of epistemology, because that was when Descartes introduced what is usually called the "search for certainty", trying to find a secure basis for knowledge, a company in which he was followed in turn by others philosophers of that period.
Epistemology deals with problems such as historical, psychological and sociological circumstances that lead to the acquisition of knowledge, and the criteria by which it is justified or invalidated, as well as the clear and precise definition of the most usual epistemic concepts, such as truth, objectivity, reality or justification. Epistemology already finds its first forms in Ancient Greece, initially in philosophers such as Parmenides or Plato.
Epistemology
BLACK HOLE BY Edgar, IES SedavĂ A black hole is a finite region of space within which there is a mass concentration high and dense enough to generate a gravitational field sucht no material particle, not even light, can escape it. However, black holes may be able to emit a type of radiation, Hawking radiation, conjectured by Stephen Hawking in the 1970s. Radiation emitted by black holes such as gnus X1 does not come from the black hole itself but from Your accretion disk.
the being in metaphysics
unique concept of being According to this approach, being is the most general characteristic of different things (called entities or entities), that which remains the same as all entities, after all individual characteristics have been eliminated from particular entities, that is: the fact that they are, that is, the fact that they all correspond to be. This concept of being is the basis of the metaphysics of essences. The opposite of being in this case becomes the essence, to which existence is simply added. In a sense, it does not differ much from the concept of nothing. An example of this is given by some texts of the early philosophy of Thomas Aquinas.
Elisa Navarro
analog concept of being According to this approach, the being becomes that which can be attributed to everything, although in different ways. Being is that, in which the different objects coincide and in which, in turn, they are distinguished. This approach of being is the basis of a metaphysics (dialectic) of being. The opposite concept of being is nothing here, since nothing can be outside of being. The late philosophy of Thomas Aquinas gives us an example of this understanding of being
Elisa Navarro
GRAVITY FORCE Gravity is a natural phenomenon by which objects with mass are attracted to each other, mostly observable in the interaction between planets, galaxies and other objects in the universe. It is one of the four fundamental interactions that causes the acceleration experienced by a physical body in the vicinity of an astronomical object. It is also called gravitational interaction or gravitation.
NUMBER There are different ways to set up the notion of number in metaphysics theories. Platonist theories postulate number as a fundamental category itself.
Others consider it to be a property of an entity called a "group" comprising other entities; or to be a relation held between several groups of entities, such as "the number four is the set of all sets of four things". Many of the debates around universals are applied to the study of number, and are of particular importance due to its status as a foundation for the philosophy of mathematics and for mathematics itself.
Maria Cervera Sospedra
Unique. existing as the only one or as the sole example; single; solitary in type or characteristics having no like or equal; unparalleled; incomparable
Inés Boria ÍES Sedaví
TEAM 5 PSYCHOLOGY ONLINE DICTIONARY
Index 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
Ego Memory Subconscious Existencial perspective Amnesia Cognitive Behavorial Therapy Consciusness Learning Alter ego Neurotic Perception Behaviour Hallucination Thougth Depression Phobias Hysteria Female hysteria
WHAT IS EGO? MERT DENİZ ÇENDER 15 TEMMUZ ANATOLIAN HIGH SCHOOL
The key point in the ego concept is the expression "I". If a person builds too much sentences with me, there is an imbalance between consciousness (ego) and super ego. The most basic triad of the spiritual structure of man; id (lower consciousness), ego (super self), super ego (upper self) personality balance creation information. If your ego is successful in keeping your id and super ego in balance, this is the most solid and proud part of your character.
As said, the ego and the super ego are the people who are able to balance unity, self-esteem and self-confidence. However, those who miss this balance continue with the effort to prove that it brings an inferiority complex, and even superior opinion from other people and continue to explain it.
SAMET-UZUNMEHMET VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL ANATOLIAN HIGH SCHOOL MEMORY It is the ability to remember and remember a past event or information. In other words, the ability to store learned information and recall it on demand. There are three types of memory.
SUBCONSCİOUS MAİDE BOZDOĞAN 15 TEMMUZ ŞEHİTLERİ ANATOLİAN HİGH SCHOOL The subconscious is a complex of mental activities that continue without the individual's awareness. Any data that cannot be remembered effortlessly at a given time is reflected in consciousness only when it is necessary, and is kept at the subconscious level. Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, states that these unconscious processes can affect a person's behavior, even if they cannot give information about themselves.
Subconscious Occurring without conscious perception, or with only slight perception, on the part of the individual: said of mental processes and reactions not full conscious; imperfectly aware subconscious the subconscious
Subconscious mental activity: a term, now obs. in psychiatry, that was formerly used to include the preconscious and the unconscious.
MELISA YAGMUR SABAN 15 TEMMUZ SEHITLERI ANATOLIAN HIGH SCHOOL Existential perspective: Existential psychiatrists emphasize the personal priority, the search for
value and meaning, the freedom of self-direction and self-realization. From an existentialist perspective, one of the basic concepts of psychology, our choices have found our essence.
AMNESİA Amnesia or memory loss is a condition of memory disturbance and impairment.
The causes of amnesia can be organic or functional. Trauma or diseases caused by brain damage or the use of certain substances are organic reasons.
LENA KESKİN 15 TEMMUZ SEHİTLERİ HİGH SCHOOL
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Psychology and Psychopathology (Psychiatric Disorders). Psychotherapy is the general name given to the technique of solving mental disorders or problems through verbal interaction (interviews). Cognitive Behavioral therapy is based on data from the science of psychology when explaining mental disorders and investigating their causes. The verbal and behavioral methods used to solve these disorders are also based on these scientific principles and learning theories. The effectiveness of this treatment method has been scientifically tested and it has been shown to be effective in many mental disorders with hundreds of clinical studies. MEHMET BAHA SARITAĹž 15 TEMMUZ ANATOLIAN HIGH SCHOOL
NeĹ&#x;e - UZUNMEHMET VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL ANATOLIAN HIGH SCHOOL
CONSCIOUSNESS
Consciousness, if defined simply, can be defined as awareness or as a whole of the processes that make the individual aware of his or her existence. It can also be defined as the ability to be the center of awareness, emotion, perception and knowledge in humans. However, there is no consensus on how the same term is used in the fields of biology, psychology, sociology and philosophy, and it can be seen that it is used in many different ways.
LEARNING It is a process through which we acquire skills, knowledge or values from study, experience, reasoning or observation. Learning is related to the education and development of each one. If people are motivated, their learning is favored.
Learning is one of the most important mental functions. According to Guthrie, it is responding differently to a situation as a result of a previous response to the situation.
Sofía Palomares Martínez
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IES Sedaví
“A wise man can learn more from a stupid question than a fool can learn from a wise answer.” “He aprendido que los errores pueden ser tan buenos profesores como el éxito.” -John Francis
Sofía Palomares Martínez. IES Sedaví
Sofía Palomares Martínez. IES Sedaví
PÄąnar-Uzun Mehmet Vocational and Technical Anatolian High School
Alterit to Derived from the word alter (the other), this term refers to the absolute existence of another person.
KĂźbra Barut Alter Ego We can adapt the Latin term alter ego to our language in many different ways. However, if we translate the word alter to the other and the ego as the self, the word"other self"appears. Alter ego can also be described as simply turning into a different person without being drunk. But to make a more scientific explanation, the term alter ego was widely used by psychologistsin the early 19th century. Ä°n fact, Marcus Tullius Cicero invented the term in Rome in the 1st century. But instead of calling it directly in the form of alter ego, he called it the"trustworthy friend" and the "second self".
-The mother with an alter ego makes a sacrifice to protect her child
-Many times one gets the impression he would rather live life as his schizoid alter ego , a sulky, moody 12-year-old trapped in a man's body.
AyĹ&#x;enur- UZUNMEHMET VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL ANATOLIAN HIGH SCHOOL NEUROTÄ°C Neurotic are people who exhibit attitudes and behaviors that differentiate a person from healthy individuals such as asking for excessive compassion, lack of focus, insecurity, inability to plan, hostile and aggressive attitudes, abnormal sex behaviors, hatred and hatred. These behaviors are defined as neurotic disorders. There is no line of distinction between neurotic and normal personality.
Ecmel-uzunmehmmet vocational technical anatolian high school PERCEPTÄ°ON Perception of objects or events in the brain as meaningful wholes is called perception. Recognition of objects, qualities or patterns of events that stimulate sensory organs.
Samet-uzunmehmmet vocational technical anatolian high school
BEHAVIOUR
Our behavior is our emotional, physical or cognitive, conscious or unconscious reactions to an internal or external stimulus. So all your reactions are behavior. At the same time, “learning sahip has a very fundamental effect on our behavior.
Noah Gil IES SedavĂ
HALLUCINATION
Perceptual deception in which a stimulus that does not exist in the external environment is perceived, generally the subject who perceives it of its truth is being convinced. They can be of any sensory modality and be linked or not to certain stimuli. They are classified in: anterograde amnesia, retrograde amnesia, dissociative amnesia, analgesia, anesthesia.
Enrique Morales Vila: IES Sedavi HAPPINESS Im going to talk you about happiness Happiness is a state, not a trait; in other words, it isn’t a long-lasting, permanent feature or personality trait, but a more fleeting, changeable state. Happiness is equated with feeling pleasure or contentment, meaning that happiness is not to be confused with joy, ecstasy, bliss, or other more intense feelings. Happiness can be either feeling or showing, meaning that happiness is not necessarily an internal or external experience, but can be both. Hope you liked it a lot friends from other countries ^^
THOUGHT IES SEDAVÍ Thought is the intellectual operation of individual character that is produced from processes of reason. Thoughts are products that the mind elaborates, voluntarily from a rational order, or involuntarily through an external stimulus. Any type of work, artistic or scientific, is formed from a mother thought that begins to develop and complement with others. People’s thinking has a number of characteristics. It is cumulative and develops over time, as it works from thinking strategies that are added to each other. These strategies have a way of solving problems Not only is thought reflected in language, but it is also configuring the language itself. It is their mode of conservation, but it is also one of their areas of transformation.
CRISTINA SÁNCHEZ
“What is scarce is understanding”. Victor Chertkov
"Only an educated mind can understand a different thought than his without accepting it”. Aristotle
Cristina Sánchez
DEPRESSION
ESTELA MÁS HIGUERO 1ºBACH-A
Have you ever felt invisible, useless, and have you ever think that your life had no meaning? This is due to bad times or moments throughout your life, but depression is much more than that. Depression is a kind of illness; you feel bad all time and you don’t want anyone to help you because the only thing you want to is to be alone with your problems.
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Phobias Sheila Guardiola IES SEDAVĂ?
Phobias is an irrational fear, characterized by being an intense and persistent fear of very specific objects or situations. The proximity to that object or situation almost always causes an immediate anxiety response. Sweat, rapid pulse, stomach knot, hand tremor ... Among other symptoms. Specific phobias are a type of anxiety disorder, in which a person can have a panic attack when exposed to the object of fear. It is one of the most common psychiatric disorders. One in 23 people in the world suffers from some phobia.
ANXIETY
AINARA CANO COSTA
IES SEDAVĂ?
Anxiety is an involuntary anticipation response of the organism against stimulus that can be external or internal, such as thoughts, ideas, images‌ that are perceived by the individual as threatening and/or dangerous, and is accompanied by an unpleasant feeling or somatic symptoms of tension. it is an alert signal that warns of an imminent danger and allows the person to take the necessary measures to face a threat.
Hysteria It is a psychological condition that belongs to the group of neuroses. Technically, it is called conversion disorder. Symphom : Highlights motor, sensory and sensory disorders
Francisco Torres del Pozo 1Batch B IES SEDAVI