Science y4 folder 2015 pdf

SCIENCE Y4 2015

STUDENT`S NAME:___________________ TEACHER’S NAME:

ANDREA SAIZ

DIGITAL FOLDER

WWW.SCIENCEVIRTUAL.WIKISPACES.COM

SCIENCE Y4 INTRODUCTION

STUDENT`S NAME:___________________ TEACHER’S NAME:

ANDREA SAIZ

DIGITAL FOLDER

WWW.SCIENCEVIRTUAL.WIKISPACES.COM 20____ 1

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Are you environmentally-minded?

SCORE

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Always=4 usually=3 sometimes=2 never=1 X I turn off the lights when I leave the room.

32 When I see paper on the floor, I stop to throw it away.

I write on both sides of a piece of paper.

I turn off water when I brush my teeth.

I always check the lost property box.

I reuse plastic bags and newspapers.

I recycle plastic bottles and caps.

I organise and clean my place (desk, hanger,locker).

Collecting, recording and analysing data in a bar chart.

Now use your answers to make a bar graph on this graph.

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SCIENCE Y4 ECOSYSTEMS PART I Abiotic factors in the ecosystem

ST`S NAME:___________________ T’S NAME:

ANDREA SAIZ

DIGITAL FOLDER

WWW.SCIENCEVIRTUAL.WIKISPACES.COM

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Ecosystems are made of • non-living things like soil, air, water, temperature and light (abiotic factors) and • living things like plants, animals, bacteria, fungi and other microscopic organism (biotic factors).

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Name:

Date:

1. Study the pictures and the information about this ecosystem. Now, complete the table below. Add any information from your personal experience.

FOREST ABIOTIC FACTORS

BIOTIC FACTORS

1. What is a forest? ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Why is the climate of an area so important to the growth of a forest? ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

3. Look through old magazines and cut out pictures of plants and animal that live in the forest. Create a collage by gluing the pictures.

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Name:

Date:

1. Study the pictures and the information about this ecosystem. Now, complete the table below. Add any information from your personal experience.

POLAR ecosystem ABIOTIC FACTORS

BIOTIC FACTORS

1. What is the climate of this area like? ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

2. Name 2 animals that live in the North Pole. How are the animals in this area adapted to survive in this ecosystem? ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ .10

Let´s start studying the ABIOTIC FACTORS in an ecosystem.

SOIL__________________________________________ Earth´s Interior

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There are three different kinds of rocks on Earth, and they were made in very different ways.

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The first kind is igneous rock, which means "fire rocks". Igneous rocks started out far underground, where it is very hot and they were melted. Then they shot out of a volcano as lava, and cooled back into rocks as they fell back down to earth.

Eg. Granite , basalt (pomez) and quartz are common igneous rocks.

Granite Granite is grained rock that is hard and impermeable. It is often used to make steps and roads as it is a rock that doesn't wear away easily.

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The second kind of rock is sedimentary rock. This rock was originally mud, or the shells of tiny sea creatures. The little bits of dust, or mud, or shells fall to the ground, or to the bottom of a pond or ocean, and get covered up by more layers of mud or shells. Eventually the pressure of all the stuff on top of them mashes them together into a hard rock.

Eg. Limestone, slste and sandstone are common sedimentary rocks. Fossils formed in sedimentary rocks.

Slate Because slate is a hard, impermeable rock, which splits easily into thin sheets, it is ideal for making roofing tiles.

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The third kind of rock is made out of the first two kinds. We call these metamorphic, or "changed" rocks. Metamorphic rocks are not as common as the first two, but sometimes an igneous or a sedimentary rock meets up with a lot of heat or pressure and this makes crystals form in the rocks, or, if the rock already has crystals, it can make bigger crystals. This turns the rock into a new kind of rock.

Eg. Diamonds and marble are common metamorphic rocks.

Marble Marble has an attractive texture and colour and can be cut and polished. Because of this, it is used to make floor tiles and wall tiles. Some statues are made from marble too.

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Stone age A long after the dinosaurs were extinct, the man appeared on Earth. They soon used rocks as tools. That was called the STONE AGE.

What´s a rock made of?

1. Observe a granite rock using a magnifying glass.

2. Rub two pieces of granite on a white paper.

3. Examine the pieces that fall onto the paper.

4. Use a toothpick to sort the material by color.

5. Repeat the procedure with two pieces of sandstone.

-What rock is made of the greater variety of pieces? ____________________________________________________________________ -How many kinds of particles are there in a rock? ____________________________________________________________________ -What did you discover? _____________________________________________________________________ 14

Name:

Date

Observation of the soil in an ecosystem You want to determine the best soil for growing plants in a garden.

1. Collect a sample of your garden soil (loam), construction soil (clay) and sandy soil (sand). Label the pots.

2. Observe the three samples and compare the physical differences. Feel each sample with your hands.

3. Get three flasks with water and put the soils into them. Allow the samples to settle for 15 min.

4. Complete the chart.

SAMPLE

COLOUR

SIZE OF PARTICLES

ORGANIC MATTER

WATER

LOAM SOIL CLAY SOIL SANDY SOIL

5. By your observation, infer which soil contains more water and air.

6. Which soil do you recommend to use in a garden?

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Vocabulary: CLAY-SAND-LOAM

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Soil

The soil is a mixture of tiny particles of rock, dead plants and animals, air and water.

Different plants grow better in different types of soil: Sandy soil is light brown with lots of big particles so it has a lot of air. Water drains through sandy soil easily so it is usually quite dry.

Clay soil is an orange, grey or bluish with very little particles and almost no air. Water does not drain through it easily. When it rains, puddles stay on top of clay soil for a long time.

Loam soil is made from rocks and very old decayed plants and animals. It is dark brown and has some air and water. It also has rich nutrients that plants need to grow. It is ideal for the garden.

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AIR_____________________________________________

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Air

The air is a mixture of different gases.

The composition of the air is mostly nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%). The rest, 1%, is composed of other gases in much smaller amounts.

These include argon, carbon dioxide, neon, water vapor, helium, hydrogen, and more. Oxygen is needed by plants and animals to respire and carbon dioxide is used by plant in photosynthesis to produce food (sugar).

This layer of gases surrounding our planet is called the atmosphere. The atmosphere is very important to life on Earth and does many things to help protect life and help life to survive.

The atmosphere protects Earth like a big blanket of insulation. It absorbs the heat from the sun and keeps the heat inside the atmosphere helping the Earth to stay warm. This is called the Greenhouse Effect. It also keeps the overall temperature of the Earth steady, especially between night and day. So we don't get too cold at night and too hot during the day.

There is also a portion of the atmosphere made of Ozone. Ozone helps to protect the earth from the sun's radiation. This big blanket also helps to form our weather patterns and climate.

The moving air is the wind and the hot and cold air causes storms and rainfall. All of these things are important to life and the Earth's ecology.

Where does the atmosphere finish?

There is no clear definition between the Earth's atmosphere and outer space but it is approximately 10,000 km from the surface of the Earth.

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Atmosphere A layer of gases, which we call the atmosphere, surrounds the earth.

Air is a mixture of several different gases.

The earth atmosphere contains several different gases. The main gases in the air are nitrogen, oxygen, argon and carbon dioxide. There are a few gases in tiny amounts.

Gas Percentage (%) Nitrogen Oxygen Others (carbon dioxide-water vapour-argon-helium-hydrogen-methane-..)

NITROGEN (78%) Tthis is a very unreative gas.

Nitrogen doesn’t burn.

If nitrogen is cooled to –196 c it becomes a liquid which can be used to freeze food quickly.

OXYGEN (21%) Oxygen doesn’t burn. But when other substances like wood or paper burn, they join up with oxygen.

Oxygen is very important for all the living organisms as it is used in respiration.

CARBON DIOXIDE (0.04%) This gas makes up only a small part of the air.

This is a very important gas because without it there would be no animals or plants on the Earth!

Plants use carbon dioxide to make food. All the food which animals eat is made with the carbon dioxide from the air.

It is also used to make fizzy drinks, such as coke and Seven up.

Carbon dioxide doesn’t burn and it puts out most things which are burning.

When we breathe we blow out carbon dioxide.

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Oxygen: A vital gas Investigate: Is oxygen essential for burning?

THE CANDLE RACE Fix three candles firmly to three saucers or lids. Place them in a safe place, on a table and light the candles. Leave one candle open to the air, cover one candle with a small jar, and one with a large jar.

Which candle burns for the longest time?

Object: (What do you want to investigate?)

Is oxygen essential for burning?

What do you think will happen? _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ Materials:

Method: (What did you have to do?)

Results: (What happened?)

Candle A Candle B Candle C Conclusions: (What you thought was correct or not?) _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 21

WATER___________________________________________ WATER Seventy percent of the earth’s surface is covered with water. Every living thing needs a regular supply of it to stay alive.

Water is an essential substance! We can find water in our planet in three states: liquid (water), solid (ice) and gas (vapour or steam). Water turns to ice when temperatures drops to 0ºC. That´s why 0ºC is called the freezing point of water. Ice starts to melt when the temperature rises to 0ºC, so this temperature is also called the melting point of ice.

Liquid water can evaporate when the temperature increases turning into gas (or vapour or steam). When water reaches 100ºC, it boils changing to gas very quickly. This temperature is called the boiling point of water. Vapour turns to liquid water below 100°C. This is the condensing point of water.

The world´s water freezes, melts, evaporates and condenses as it goes round and round in the water cycle.

Humans also take part in the water cycle. We build reservoirs to trap water for our houses and factories. Our waste and sewage is put back into the sea, though it is sometimes purified first.

Some water takes many thousands of years to complete the cycle. It collects in huge areas of underground aquifers. These are also used as a source of tap-water.

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Water evaporates from sea and land (evaporation). Plants’ leaves release vapour from transpiration. This is a very important process to put vapour in the air.

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Water condenses as it goes into the atmosphere. When the vapour rises, it cools down turning to liquid and forming droplets. (condensation).

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Water precipitates as rain, hail or snow. (precipitation).

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Water may drain to the rivers into the oceans (collection) or sink into the soil (infiltration).

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Trees are very important to the water cycle. Deforestation is done by the man for clearing areas for crops or for wood. This causes less transpiration and it also wears away the soil as the rain falls directly on it.

The water cycle (hydrologic cycle) is the path that water takes from earth to the air .

Supply problems There are many problems in supplying tap-water: •

Building reservoirs changes the landscape and affects wildlife.

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Taking too much water from the underground can change the conditions on the surface.

It can dry out the habitats of other species.

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If sewage or chemical waste is not disposed of carefully, it can contaminate the water supply.

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The water cycle

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SCIENCE Y4 ECOSYSTEMS PART II Biotic factors in the ecosystem

ST`S NAME:___________________ T’S NAME:

ANDREA SAIZ

DIGITAL FOLDER

WWW.SCIENCEVIRTUAL.WIKISPACES.COM

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Name:

Date:

1. Study the pictures and the information about this ecosystem. Now, complete the table below .Add any information from your personal experience.

POND ABIOTIC FACTORS

BIOTIC FACTORS

1. What is a pond? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. In what ways do animals and plants depend on each other and on the abiotic factors? ________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3.How might animals use the pond water? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________

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The Prairie

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Name: Date: 1. Study the pictures and the information about this ecosystem. Now, complete the table below .Add any information from your personal experience.

PRAIRIE (GRASSLAND) ABIOTIC FACTORS

BIOTIC FACTORS

1. Why are prairies called grasslands? ________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Why are prairie animals often the same colour as the grass and the ground? ________________________________________________________________________________________

3.How do you think prairie plants and animals depend on each other?

________________________________________________________________________________________

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Name:

Date:

1. Study the pictures and the information about this ecosystem. Now, complete the table below. Add any information from your personal experience.

DESERT ABIOTIC FACTORS

BIOTIC FACTORS

1. What is the climate of a desert like? ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe what desert plants look like. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3.How do desert animals survive the conditions of a desert? ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 36

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Y4 SCIENCE TESTS