Science y6 folder 2015 pdf

SCIENCE Y6 2015

ST`S NAME:___________________ T’S NAME:

ANDREA SAIZ

DIGITAL FOLDER

WWW.SCIENCEVIRTUAL.WIKISPACES.COM

SCIENCE Y6 INTRODUCTION REVISION

ST`S NAME:___________________ T’S NAME:

ANDREA SAIZ

DIGITAL FOLDER

WWW.SCIENCEVIRTUAL.WIKISPACES.COM

20__ 1

2

3

Solve this problem

4

5

SCIENCE Y6

Life in the ecosystem

ST`S NAME:___________________ T’S NAME:

ANDREA SAIZ

DIGITAL FOLDER

WWW.SCIENCEVIRTUAL.WIKISPACES.COM 20__ 6

WHAT´S BIOLOGY ALL ABOUT? WHAT IS LIFE?

(9-30)

1. What are the life processes? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

2. Who had the idea of classifying the living things to study them better? _____________________________________________________________________

3. What does the system of classification “The Five Kingdoms” consist of? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

4. What is the difference between a scientific name and an ordinary name of any animal or plant species? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

7

_____________________________________________________________________

8

9

WHAT IS LIFE MADE OF?

1. ______________________________________ 2. ______________________________________ 10

11

USES OF THE MICROSCOPE _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

12

Observation of PLANT cells from a green leaf, a stem and a root.

LEAF

STEM

ROOT

13

RESULTS:

CONCLUSIONS:

14

TITLE:

Looking at animal cells

OBJECTIVES: MATERIALS: RESULTS: Draw what you observed

CONCLUSIONS:

15

PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS

16

WHAT HAVE YOU LEARNT?

17

18

19

MICROORGANISMS

20

2020

21

CELLS, TISSUES, ORGANS AND SYSTEMS

22

23

FUNGI

24

25

PLANTS ORGANS OF A PLANT: __________________________________________

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

41

ANIMALS CLASSIFICATION MIND MAP.

42

THE HUMAN BODY MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

43

44

45

DIGESTIVE, CIRCULATORY, RESPIRATORY AND EXCRETORY SYSTEMS

46

47

48

49

50

51

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

52

53

54

YOUR DAILY NUTRITION

55

56

FAT IN FOODS

57

58

CARBOHYDRATES

59

60

61

SCIENCE Y6 ENERGY Renewable and non-renewable resources

ST`S NAME:___________________ T’S NAME:

ANDREA SAIZ

DIGITAL FOLDER WWW.SCIENCEVIRTUAL.WIKISPACES.COM

20__

62

63

ENERGY Over the last 200 years an ever-increasing proportion of our energy has come from nonrenewable sources such as oil, gas and coal. While demand for energy rises these resources are running out and scientists are exploring the potential of renewable sources of energy for the future.

Renewable and non-renewable energy resources -All life on earth is sustained by energy from the sun.

- Plants and animals can store energy and some of this energy remains with them when they die. It is the remains of these ancient animals and plants that make up fossil fuels.

-Fossil fuels are non-renewable because they will run out one day.

-Burning fossil fuels generates greenhouse gases and relying on them for energy generation is unsustainable.

-We need to find more renewable, sustainable ways of generating energy.

-Renewable or infinite energy resources are sources of power that can be used again and again. • Some resources can be thought of as both renewable and non-renewable: Wood can be used for fuel and is renewable if trees are replanted.

Biomass, which is material from living things, can be renewable if plants are replanted.

• Non-renewable energy resources Type of fuel

Where it is from

Advantages

Disadvantages

Coal

Formed from fossilised plants and consisting of carbon with various organic and some inorganic compounds.

Mined from layers of coal, found sandwiched between layers of rock in the earth.

Burnt to provide heat or electricity.

Ready-made fuel to extract and convert into energy.

Coal supplies will last longer than oil or gas.

When burned coal gives off atmospheric pollutants, including greenhouse gases -CO2.

Oil

A carbon-based liquid formed from fossilised animals.

Lakes of oil are sandwiched between layers of rock in the earth.

Pipes are sunk down to the reservoirs to pump the oil out.

Widely used in industry and transport.

Oil is a readymade fuel to extract and convert into energy.

When burned, it gives off atmospheric pollutants, including greenhouse gases.

Only a limited supply.

Natural gas

Methane and some other gases trapped between seams of rock under the earth's surface.

Pipes are sunk into the ground to release the gas.

Often used in houses for heating and cooking.

Gas is a readymade fuel.

It is a relatively cheap form of energy.

It's a slightly cleaner fuel than coal and oil.

When burned, it gives off atmospheric pollutants, including greenhouse gases.

Only limited supply of gas.

Nuclear

Radioactive minerals such as uranium are mined.

Electricity is generated from

A small amount of radioactive material produces a lot of energy.

F O S S I L

F U E L S

Nuclear reactors are expensive to run.

Nuclear waste is highly toxic, and

Type of fuel

Where it is from

Advantages

Disadvantages

the energy that is released when the atoms of these minerals are split (by nuclear fission) in nuclear reactors.

Raw materials are relatively cheap and can last quite a long time.

It doesn't give off atmospheric pollutants.

needs to be safely stored for hundreds or thousands of years (storage is extremely expensive).

Leakage of nuclear materials can have a devastating impact on people and the environment. The worst nuclear reactor accident was atChernobyl, Ukraine in 1986.

Biomass

Biomass energy is generated from decaying plant or animal waste.

It can also be an organic material which is burned to provide energy, eg heat, or electricity.

An example of biomass energy is oilseed rape (yellow flowers you see in the UK in summer), which produces oil.

After treatment with chemicals it can be used as a fuel in diesel engines.

It is a cheap and readily available source of energy.

If the crops are replaced, biomass can be a long-term, sustainable energy source.

When burned, it gives off atmospheric pollutants, including greenhouse gases. If crops are not replanted, biomass is a non-renewable resource.

Wood

Obtained from felling trees, burned to generate heat and light.

A cheap and readily available source of energy.

If the trees are replaced, wood burning can be a long-term, sustainable energy source.

When burned it gives off atmospheric pollutants, including greenhouse gases.

If trees are not replanted wood is a non-renewable resource.

How long will fossil fuels last?

Estimates from international organisations suggest that if the world's demand for energy from fossil fuels continues at the present rate that oil and gas reserves may run out within some of our lifetimes. Coal is expected to last longer.

Estimated length of time left for fossil fuels Fossil fuel

Time left

Oil

50 years

Natural gas

70 years

Coal

250 years

Make sure you know what types of energy are renewable and non-renewable. It is important to remember that biomass and wood are only renewable if the trees and crops are replanted. Many people fall into the trap of thinking that bio means renewable - it doesn't!

65

• Renewable energy sources Renewable energy sources quickly RENEW themselves and can be used again and again. For this reason they are sometimes called infinite energy resources.

The advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy sources.

Type of energy

Where it is from

Advantages

Disadvantages

Solar

Energy from sunlight is captured in solar panels and converted into electricity.

Potentially infinite energy supply.

Single buildings can have own electricity supply.

Manufacture and implementation of solar panels can be costly.

Wind

Wind turbines (modern windmills) turn wind energy into electricity.

Can be found singularly, but usually many together in wind farms.

Potentially infinite energy supply.

Manufacture and implementation of wind farms can be costly.

Some local people dislike wind farms as they spoil the countryside.

Tidal (tides)

The movement of tides drives turbines.

A tidal barrage (a kind of dam) is built across estuaries, forcing water through gaps.

In future underwater turbines may be possible out at sea and without dams.

Potential to generate a lot of energy.

Tidal barrage can be also used as a bridge, and help prevent flooding.

Construction of barrage is very costly.

Only a few estuaries are suitable.

Opposed by some environmental groups as having a negative impact on wildlife.

May reduce tidal flow and block flow of sewage out to sea.

Wave

The movement of seawater in and out of a cavity on the shore compresses trapped air, driving a turbine.

More likely to be small local operations, rather than done on a national scale.

Construction can be costly.

May be opposed by local or environmental groups.

Geothermal (heat inside Earth)

In volcanic regions it is possible to use the natural heat of the earth.

Cold water is pumped underground and comes out as steam.

Steam can be used for heating or to power turbines creating electricity.

Potentially infinite energy supply.

Can be expensive to set up and only works in areas of volcanic activity.

Geothermal and volcanic activity might calm down, leaving power stations redundant.

Hydroelectric Power (water)

Energy produced from the movement of water through rivers, lakes and dams.

Creates water reserves as well as energy supplies.

Costly to build.

Can cause the flooding of surrounding communities and landscapes.

Dams have major ecological impacts on local hydrology.

Biomass

Decaying plant or animal waste.

An organic material, which can be burned to provide energy.

An example of biomass energy is oilseed rape produces oil.

After treatment with chemicals it can be used as a fuel in diesel engines.

It is a cheap and readily available source of energy.

If replaced, biomass can be a long-term, sustainable energy source.

When burned, it gives off atmospheric pollutants, including greenhouse gases.

Biomass is only a renewable resource if crops are replanted.

Obtained from falling trees, burned to generate heat and light.

A cheap and readily available source of energy.

If the trees are replaced, wood burning can be a long-term, sustainable energy source

When burned it gives off atmospheric pollutants, including greenhouse gases.

If trees are not replanted then wood is a non-renewable resource.

(plants and animals decomposing)

Wood (cut down trees)

66

Case study: changing energy use in Buenos Aires The government wants to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions. It also wants to increase the amount of energy which comes from renewable sources.

By 2020 European Union targets state that 20% of energy must come from renewable sources.

The EU also aims to reduce

greenhouse gas emissions by 80-95%

by 2050.

There are two ways the energy use can change in Buenos Aires: • •

Reducing the demand for energy Increasing the supply of renewable energy

Reducing energy demand The demand for energy varies. This is because of: • • •

Economic factors: For example during the recession energy demand did not increase as predicted.

Seasonal factors: For example the demand for domestic energy over winter is greater than over the summer.

Temporal factors: For example at night there is surplus energy on the national grid because demand is lower.

Regulations can forced vehicles to become more energy-efficient and give off less atmospheric pollution.

The government can also increase fuel and road taxes. Even so, the use of transport is rising so fast that the amount of CO 2 given off by transport vehicles continues to rise.

There are also incentives to save energy – for example grants could help make a home more energy efficient.

Find out more about energy efficient homes in the Waste and pollution revision bite.

GROUP WORK Use all the available information to develop a plan to save energy and to reduce contamination Self test

FUEL AND ENERGY

ENERGY 1. Batteries are stores of: chemical energy electrical energy light energy 3. Energy is usefully transferred from a personal audio player as: kinetic energy thermal energy sound energy 4. Which is likely to contain the most thermal energy? a red hot horseshoe a spark from a firework an ice cube

67

5. Which is likely to have the highest temperature? a red hot horseshoe a spark from a firework an ice cube 6. Which are the three ways to transfer thermal energy ? conduction, radiation and reflection convection, radiation and conduction conduction, convection and propagation 7. Thermal energy is transferred by conduction from: the hot end to the cold end the cold end to the hot end the Sun to the Earth 8. Which of the following is a non-renewable energy resource? wind power biomass natural gas 9. Where did the energy stored in fossil fuels originally come from? plants sunlight animals 10. What is an advantage of wind power? it doesn't work unless there is wind it uses large wind turbines it is a renewable energy resource 11. Which of the following is a good way to reduce the use of fossil fuels? walking instead of going in a car leaving the TV on standby all night leaving the lights on when we leave a room

68

Y6 Science tests