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M
anifesto
Value: the importance given to something Portrait: Representation of a person, were face and expression are predominant In this book we will explore these themes. Review portraiture through time, how it started, and its influences. Review the study of physiognomy and face Reading. My interest came to be, when I realized how much a portrait could reveal. How a face can tell so much without words being used. Portraits represent emotions-stories-feelings. As a viewer you capture these sensations and you understand the subject; you can relate to it, or you can even create your own story, but most important their are feelings. Portraiture can be represented in many aspects but the key for me is that a story is told- a memory captured; there is character, and revelations.
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WHAT YOU WILL FIND‌ Manifesto
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Who am we?
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Study of Physiognomy
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Face Reading
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The Beginning of Portraits
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Portraits of all time
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FACE VALUE- The Exhibition
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Frida Kahlo
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Jaeyeol Han
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Liam Benson
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Ben Quilty
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Fernanda Rodriguez
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Who am we? 1996–2002 is a site-specific work installed as wallpaper wrapped along two walls, featuring miniaturised faces . 40 000 portraits of teenagers taken from photographs in the artist’s high-school yearbooks. At a distance, the faces cannot be distinguished and the work resembles two blank walls. On closer viewing, dots become visible and, finally, become recognisable as photographs. Making the reading of the wallpaper consists of the viewers interaction with the piece.
“I reduced the scale of the portraits as far as I could because I wanted to find out the exact point at which both the human eye and technology could identify individual traits. In the title I wanted to underline the distinction between singular and plural. In the Korean language, there is no such distinction.”
ABOUT THE ARTIST Suh Do-Ho is a Korean artist known for his contemporary works. Suh Do-Ho left Korea in 1993 to study and live in the United States. The idea of the ‘global village’ is of keen interest to him, and his works often address the complicated issue of cultural difference. Many of his works embody a tension between the American emphasis on the individual and the Korean celebration of collective society.
Suh Do-Ho Who am we? (detail) 1996/2002 25 sheets, 4 colour off-set wallpaper 61 x 91.4cm each Collection: The artist Photograph: Matthew Kassay 4
Physiognomy: study of a person's physical characteristics; their face- in order to determine things about their personality
MUG SHOTS
In the late 19th Century Sir Frances Galton (1822-1911), who is best known for his innovations in the science of fingerprinting, studied the potential of mug shots to reveal the ‘look’ of criminality. He layered mug shots of certain ‘types’ of criminals (such as smugglers, thieves, arsonists, etc.) into composite photographs. He hoped that by combining their faces, he would be able to identify facial features that indicated criminal tendencies.
Another name to remember…
Johann Kaspar Lavater 15 November 1741 – 2 January 1801
Swiss poet, writer, philosopher, physiognomist and theologian. Published Physiognomische Fragmente zur Beforderung der Menschenkenntnis und Menschenliebe in 1775-78. In this popular book, he claimed that a person's facial characteristics reflected their 'temperament' or character
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Cesare Lombroso (6 November 1835 – 19 October 1909)
Was an Italian criminologist, physician, and founder of the Italian School of Positivist Criminology. Known for rejecting the established classical school notion, stating that crime was a characteristic trait of human nature. Lombroso's theory of anthropological criminology essentially stated that criminality was inherited, and that someone "born criminal" could be identified by physical (congenital) defects.
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EXAMPLE FROM LOMBROSO'S STUDY THAT CLAIMED TO RELATE PHYSIOGNOMY TO 9 CRIMINAL NATURE
F R ace
eading
Since thousands of years people have been trying to study the relationship between facial features and personality traits. Statistics have proven a strong connection between these- making of the phrase – your face is the mirror of your personality. A research that was based on statistics was made and the result was the identification of 68 personality traits that are connected to some facial features with a 90% accuracy.
The Forehead's profile The forehead's shape determines the method of thinking that the person • •
The straight forehead: The progressive thinker- person follows a progressive style in his thinking; he can't jump to the third point without first knowing the second The slopped forehead: The fast responder- person builds conclusions fast to the extent that he may interrupt you many times while you are talking because he keeps on guessing what are you about to say. The curved forehead: The creative- This person is very creative, just notice how the forehead of those who study fine arts looks like and you will notice how most of them have curved foreheads.
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Distance from Eye to Brow: • •
The vertical distance between the eye and the eyebrows. Some people have their eyebrows almost touching their eyes while others have a noticeable distance between the eye and the eyebrows. This distance can tell you how fast that person can put a decision into action; how fast that person can put his plans or feelings into actions.
Lip size •
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Big lips: A person with big lips tends to be very talkative and will hardly ever be silent. Provides very good company when present in a group but if that person wasn't accompanied with good listeners then people may end up feeling irritated and annoyed of his/hers continuous talking. Small lips: A person with small lips tends to be less talkative. Tends to keep his private life away from others and may hide his inner emotions and feelings- very cautious. Balanced lip: (When in between the two categories.) The more the person is close to one of these categories the more likely he will have the personality traits associated with it.
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Nose Type The shape of the different types of noses is very important trait. • A person with high, straight, full and fleshy tip that has gently flared but protected nostrils is thought to be the ideal nose shape. The fleshy tip is a symbol of warmth, cordiality and a deep sense of empathy. They have high standards set for themselves and are good mannered souls. • People with big or over sized nose tips indicate violent streaks and a larger nose tip shows that are more prone to violent acts. • An aquiline nosed person is a strong-willed, independent and enterprising individual. • An upturned nose indicates someone who loves to mix with people around him.
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ADAM SANDLER FOREHEAD: wide forehead shows us that he is a very Intelligent person, likes to deal with the combination of facts and logic. EYEBROWS: Adam’s eyebrows appear to be a combination of v-shaped and straight eyebrows. This shows that he has the desire to stay in control of whatever he is doing. He prefers logical thinking and reasonable solutions. NOSE: Adam’s long nose shows the he is a good long-term planner. His nose size indicates that he is ambitious and its width indicates independence. CHIN: combination of -defined chin showing persistency with some sense of stubbornness brought by the relatively pointed chin
EYE TO EYEBROW DISTANCE: Adam’s eyebrows are not close to his eyes, which show that he takes his time before implementing solutions. He doesn’t make hasty decisions but rather waits until everything becomes clear and then moves forward. LIPS: Adams’s Lips appear to be small, this shows that he will give you the chance to talk instead of forcing you to listen to him and it also shows that he is good at keeping secrets. 14 EARS: His ears show that he is a receptive person who will hear you talking without easily getting bored.
FACES IN ART
TB he
eginning of
P
ortraits‌ 15
Portrait: painting, photograph, sculpture, or other artistic representation of a person, where the face and expression are predominant.
DOCUMENTING PROFILES - How it stated‌ in the 18th century- cut out silhouettes were made to illustrate profiles
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And in art… •
Portraiture's roots are linked all the way back to prehistoric times, although few of these works survive today.
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In the art of the ancient civilizations, in Egypt, depictions of rulers and gods were the most common- made most in profile, and usually on stone, metal, clay, plaster, or crystal.
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Existing Chinese portraits go back to about 1000 AD- although portrait painting of notables go back to over 1000 BC, (though none survive from that age)
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A turning point in the history of portraiture can be said to be the Renaissance era. Portraits—both painted and sculpted—reached a new insight, highly valued as success and status. (Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael) were considered "geniuses”
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17th and 18th centuries- considered Baroque and Rococo periods - portraits became important records of status and position. Images of opulently attired figures.
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Leading way to realism- portraits with extreme detail
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Followed by Portrait production in Europe (excluding Russia) and the Americas generally declined in the 1940s and 1950s, a result of the increasing interest in abstraction and nonfigurative art.
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By the 1960s and 1970s, there was a revival of portraiture. English artists such as Lucian Freud (grandson of Sigmund Freud) and Francis Bacon have produced powerful paintings. In May 2008, Freud's 1995 portrait Benefits Supervisor Sleeping was sold by auction by Christie's in New York City for $33.6 million, setting a world record for sale value of a painting by a living artist.
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20th century; different aspects appeared- line, color, form, and psychology. For the first time many artists, considered the inner psyche of the sitter as the predominant subject.
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Exploring different techniques and approaches or returning to the traditional method portraiture today is a vital discipline in the art world
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T
he all timers…
Self-Portrait Without Beard – Vincent van Gogh. Last self-portrait that Van Gogh painted and one of the few that depicts him without a beard. He gave it to his mother as a birthday gift. It is also one of the most expensive paintings of all times, as it was sold for $71.5 million in 1998, and is now part of a private collection
About Vincent- (30 March 1853 – 29 July 1890) Dutch Post-Impressionist painter. Portraits, selfportraits, landscape, and still life’s of cypresses, wheat fields and sunflowers- themes of most of his works- all reaching a far influence on 20th century art. 18
"The best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world" DID YOU KNOW? Mona Lisa- La Giaconda – Leonardo da Vinci.
The painting was stolen on 21 August 1911- Louvre employee Vincenzo Peruggia had stolen it by entering the building during regular hours, hiding in a broom closet and walking out with it hidden under his coat after the museum had closed. Dadaists and Surrealists often produce modifications and caricatures. The painting is considered priceless and so it cannot be insured. The identity of the woman in the painting is still a mystery
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15 April 1452 – 2 May 1519) was an Italian polymath. Epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideals- being a painter, sculptor, architect, musician, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist, and writer.
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T
he
Dutch Mona Lisa
Girl With A Pearl Earring – Johannes Vermeer. Painting was completed around 1665 and is on display in the Mauritshuis Gallery in the Hague, the Netherland. Despite the feeling of immediacy Vermeer creates, the young girl's idealized image conveys a sense of timeless beauty. The artist worked as a classicist, purifying his images to express lasting rather than transient qualities of life. FACT Made a 2003 drama film directed by Peter Webber. Starring Scarlett Johansson as Griet, a young 17th-century servant in the household
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“Portraiture in the Age of Abstraction” Face Value An art exhibition featuring mid-20th century artists who were reinventing portraiture at a moment when most agreed that figuration was dead as a progressive art form. With more than 50 paintings, drawings, prints and sculpture from approximately 1945 to 1975, “Face Value” highlights the innovations of American portraiture. Artists seen are: Alice Neel, Elaine de Kooning, Robert Rauschenberg, Beauford Delaney, Alex Katz, Romare Bearden, Fairfield Porter, Jamie Wyeth and Andy Warhol among others. The 44 artists pushed the boundaries of traditional portraiture; incorporating and inspired by the theories and ambitions of the Abstract Expressionists. Rebelling against the current movement and making portraiture superior.
“Face Value” was made possible by the Mr. and Mrs. Raymond J. Horowitz Foundation for the Arts, Inc.; the Abraham and Virginia Weiss Charitable Trust, Amy and Marc Meadows; Donald A. Capoccia and Tommie Pegues; Patricia Stonesifer and Michael Kinsley; the Paul M. and Christine G. Wick Fund; and Ella Foshay.
Reinventing Portraiture Abstract expressionism is a post–World War II art movement in American painting, developed in New York in the 1940s.[1] It was the first specifically American movement to achieve international influence and put New York City at the center of the western art world, a role formerly filled by Paris
F
ace Value
Value can be defined as the relative lightness or darkness of a color. It is an important tool for the designer/artist, since it creates spatial illusions defining its form. 21
Measuring four by eight feet, this is one of the few self-portraits in “Face Value.” Brown liked to use animals in her works to symbolize elements of her life, but she never fully explained them. The San Francisco artist didn’t like to be categorized either. She once said of Picasso, “He didn’t need to be an ‘abstract painter’ or a ‘still-life painter’ or a ‘portrait painter’ — he did whatever he pleased, setting his own rules and breaking them just as soon as he made them.” Note the paint splatters on Brown’s clothes and the flatness of the bright red background in this painting; both show the influence of abstract expressionism.
T P he
aintings
Self-portrait with Fish and Cat’ by Joan Brown, 1970
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Jamie Wyeth with Tan Background’ by Andy Warhol, 1976
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Time magazine commissioned this portrait of the Playboy founder for its March 3, 1967 “Man of the Year” cover. The sculpture’s unfinished wood contrasts sharply with Hef’s swanky image and slick media empire. Marisol depicted her subject with two pipes — one in his mouth and one in his hand. “He has too much of everything,” she explained to Time’s editors.
24 Hugh Hefner’ by Marisol Escobar, 1966-67
25 Andy Warhol’ by Jamie Wyeth, 1976
F
rida
From top to right • Oil on canvas, mounted on Masonite 11" x 8 ¾" Collection of Mary Anne Martin Fine Arts, New York, U.S.A • Oil on Masonite 30" x 24" Collection of Jacques and Natasha Gelman Mexico City, Mexico • Oil on Masonite 15 ¾" x 11" The Museum of Modern Art, New York , New York, U.S.A. • Oil on canvas 32 ¼" x 24 ¾" Collection of Mr. & Mrs. Harold H. Stream New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A • Oil on plate 4½" x 2¾" Private Collection Paris, France • Oil on Masonite 19 ¾" x 15 ½" Collection of Dr. Samuel Fastlicht, Mexico City • Oil on Masonite 23 ½" x 15 ¾" Private Collection • Oil on aluminum and glass 11 1/8" x 8" Musée National d'Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou (The Louvre) Paris, France
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F
K
ahlo
rida Kahlo
A little about the artists… (July 6, 1907 - July 13, 1954) She was born in Coyoacan, a suburb of Mexico City. When she was six years old she contracted polio, which left her with a deformed right foot giving her the cruel nickname, “Peg-leg Frida”. Her original ambition was to be a doctor but a streetcar accident in 1925 left her disabled and changed the path of her life. It was after this accident that Kahlo began to paint in order to relieve the boredom during her convalescence. In 1929 Kahlo married the Mexican muralist Diego Rivera. He was a huge part of her life, they shared common political views and he encouraged her deeply with every artistic endeavor. Her vibrant use of colour and style was influenced by indigenous cultures of Mexico as well as European movements including Realism, Symbolism, and Surrealism. Kahlo painted honest self-portraits that reveal her psychological response to adversity.
FRIDA KAHLO (19071954) 'Self Portrait in a Velvet Dress', 1926 (oil on canvas)
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J
aeyeol Han Sometimes, while walking through the crowded streets of a large city, it can be easy to forget that the people we pass are also going somewhere, meeting someone, or hoping for something. Those people are also nervous, happy, anxious and sad. We walk by each other thinking little of the other pedestrians, hardly seeing their aces, rarely wondering where they are going or who they are. We often just focus on ourselves. Artist Han Jae Yeol, however, pays attention to the passers-by and has introduced us to them in his paintings. “During my military service, I was dispatched to Haiti’s peacekeeping unit in response to the earthquakes.” Han said, “What was happening there was contained in {the Haitians} faces.”
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Oil painting sticks on canvas, paintings that come from sketches drawn on the streets, between pedestrians, shops and cafes.
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Liam Benson The Crusader_2015 Inkjet print on cotton rag paper edition of 5 90 x 134 cm (Photographed by Alex Wisser) Exhibition: Noble Savage (2015)
L B iam
enson
Born 1980, Westmead, Australia. Lives and works in Sydney, Australia Liam Benson is a contemporary performance artist who documents and exhibits his work through photography and video. Benson’s work deconstructs the social perceptions of gender, race, cultural and sub-cultural identity by crossreferencing a juxtaposition of popular culture, art and media language. Benson’s work serves to celebrate the evolution of these social archetypes and explore the possibilities within the cross influence of socially entrenched identities and cultural and sub-cultural amalgamation. 30
Liam Benson Ned Kelly Red Gum; hypercolour_2015 C Type print edition of 5 50 x 50 cm (Photographed by Steven Cook) Exhibition: Noble Savage (2015)
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BQ en
uilty
Margaret Olley, 2011 Oil on linen "inspiration" This portrait won Quilty the Archibald Prize in 2011
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Ben Quilty -born in 1973 in Australia and grew up in Kenthurst in Sydney’s North West. Quilty has been said to reckless teenager with his weekends filled with hard drinking and risk taking behaviour. It was this period of his life that inspired most of his work today. After completing high school he went straight into the Sydney College of the Arts where he completed a double degree in fine arts and design Most recognized paintings are of his Holden Torana- having a sell-out show in 2002. It is said that most of his work is inspired by his reckless teenage behaviour- filled with hard drinking and risk junkie. His style is one to admire- He smears, smudges, cakes and slaps the paint onto a large scale canvas with a unique ability. Giving the audience a visual of each brush stroke making a three dimensional illusion. “Challenge assumptions” is a Word used to describe his work- with the use of bold and unsettling objects.
MOVIE from The Darkside featuring Ben Quilty Directed by Warwick Thornton 2013 Behind the scenes
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Self Portrait Acrylic on Canvas
F
ernanda
R
odrĂguez
Acrylic on Canvas Current WorkMixing techniques, in search Of different style. Photograohs taken of realLive people and of myself. Playing with light and texture. Colour always being a must
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Marta 2014 140 x 200 cm 35
Ana 2013 70 x 90 cm
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Xaviera 2014 100 x 100 cm
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Pencil on paper
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ARTISTIC CAREERRaised as a globetrotter living in a variety of cities she moved back to Mexico City at age 15; were she was born. Studying textile design in Universidad Iberoamericana in Mexico, she felt the need to expand her skills and knowledge internationally by complementing her studies in Parson Paris, Central Saint Martins in London and UP Buenos Aires. Always curious and creative, in the summer of 2013, she felt a great urge and calling for painting. From the moment she took her first canvas, colours and inspiration have become her daily life. A self-taught painter, focusing on portraits, Fernanda tries to portray a different illusion on real things that relate in a unique way to each observer. Focusing on the experimentation of colours, she creates a feeling in each art piece that transmits a distinctive personality and connection. Fernanda has found her passion and has unravelled herself in this artistic media. Always looking to better herself, she started taking courses with a prominent artist in MĂŠxico that has lead to deeper knowledge. She continues to explore her creativity always interested in adding new skills and technique creating unique art pieces. Recently moved to Sydney, Australia, undertaking an Advanced Visual Arts diploma. Exploring portraits- her passion subject for painting. New techniques are the focus, discovering styles and enjoying every moment.
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R
EFERENCE
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
http://www.visualarts.qld.gov.au/content/apt2002_standard.asp?na me=APT_Artists_Suh_Doho http://www.2knowmyself.com/Celebrity_face_reading/free_face_rea ding_Adam_sandler http://www.buzzle.com/articles/face-reading-techniques.html National Portrait Gallery http://fernandarc.weebly.com/ http://www.avedonfoundation.org/ http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/physiognomy https://www.fabulousnoble.com/news/history_of_portraiture http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/genres/portrait-art.htm http://www.craftsy.com/blog/2013/05/the-history-of-portraiture/ http://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/hotties-hunksbeat-up-celebrities-the-allure-of-the-mug-shot http://www.frida-kahlo-foundation.org/ interesting-facts-about-mona-lisa-035496 http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/abex/hd_abex.htm http://www.moma.org/collection/theme.php?theme_id=10051 http://www.vangoghgallery.com/ http://jaeyeolhan.com/en/ http://www.saatchiart.com/Hanjaeyeol http://www.liambenson.net/bio-cv/ http://www.artereal.com.au/home/liam-benson/more-works http://www.benquilty.com/ http://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/prizes/archibald/2011/28931/
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