Popular Flying Jan/Feb 1974

FROMTHEPFASHOP:

"WearepreparedtoissueaCertificateqfGrouiulmDrthinessP

Popular Flying

Editedby: AI.ANDUNN MIKEGRIGSON JOHNHAFFENDEN

Secretary: JENNIFERPOTHECARY

EditorialAddress: TerminalBuilding. ShorehamAirport, Shoreham-by-Sea. Sussex.BN45E17

Tekphone: Shoreham-by-Sea61616

ANDSOWESAYFAREWELL.

TheseweretheopeningwordsofthelastEditorial writtenbyourretiringEditor,PFAEnthusiastand GoodFriendStuartMcKay.Afterfiveyearsofhard, dedicatedeffort,editingourMagazineandfindinc timetoproducetheSywellSupplement,thePEA Handbook.launchingtheBerkshireStrutandBus Projects.attendincCommitteeMeetingsassistingwith ralliesandahundredotherthings,hefinallyneedsa break!Whocandoubtitandwhilstweareallsorryto seehimlaydownhisEditorialpen,whocandenyhim hiswellearnedrest.

OurpastChairman,PFAEnthusiastandGood FriendFrankParkerisalsoretiringfromtheCommittee.Aftermanyyearsofthesameenthusiasticand dedicatedeffort,allowinghishometobeusedasour office,workinghardlonghoursasChairmanand organiserofPFAaffairs,heisleavingusforanewlife intheUSA.Aftersucheffortwhocandenyhimhis newlife.

OurGoodFriendandPFAEnthusiastDonPeacock whilststillwithus,hashadtocurtailhisPFAactivities toconcentrateonhisbusiness,aftersimilaryearsof dedicatedeffortinrunningtheGroupsandgivingus theVolkswagonengineconversion.

Andsoitcontinues....Withsomanystalwart enthusiasts,afteryearsof'HardLabour.'stillatit.An endlessprocessofthededicatedenthusiasthearingthe callandseeingtheneed,sacrificeshissparetime,money andinmanycaseshishomelifetotakeononeormore ofthevitaltasksthatmakeourAssociationtickand keepitstrong.Whydotheydoit?Accepttheburden ofrespsonsibilitywithoutpaymentandtakecriticism whenthingsgowrong.withonlytheoccasionalpaton thehead,andtheinnersatisfactiontokeepthespirit alive.WhocansayWhy!Everystalwarthashisown reasons,inmanycasestheknowledgethatifhedoesn't doitthenitwon'tgetdone.

JANUARY-FEBRUARY1974

1CHAIRMAN'SPAGE

2 -4ENJOYTHESKY—PARTI

6-7JYRORATINGS

8-9ULTRA-LIGHTHISTORY

10-11VINTAGENEWS

12-13LETTERS

14-15-SAPHIRC

16-17GIPSYANDCIRRUSORIGINS

18DENHAM

19AFROSPORT-SCAMP) 0-21LUTONMINOR—PRAGASTYLE

22PAINTSCHEMES

23BOOKREVIEW

23 DIARYDATES

TheviewsexpressedinPOPULARFLYINGarethoseofthe contributorsandnotnecessarilythoseoftheP.F.A.ThePublishers retaintherighttorefuseorwithdrawadvertisementsartheirdiscretionanddonotacceptliabilityfordelayinpublicationorfor clericalorprinter'serrorsalthougheverycareistakentoavoid mistakes.

StuartMcKay.-FrankParkerandDonPeacockand somanyothersbeforethemhavealllefttheirmarkon thePFA,whichisthericherandstrongerfortheir comributionandwillbenotedinthehistoryofPFA affairs.Wethankthem.allsincerelyandwonderhow wefindsuchmenandwhatweshalldonowtheyare gone.

Itishowever,fortunate.thatanassociationsuchas ours,madeupentirelyofenthusiastscan,whenthe needarises,producenewandenthusiasticbloodto takeuptheburdensomaintainingandfurtheringthe aimsofthosebeforethem.Butperhapsweallfeela certainauiltthatweoverwork our willinghorses,toa pointwheretheydropintheshaftsorbecomedisenchanted.We Must guardagainstthisinthefuture andsharetheloadmoreevenly,usingtobetter advantagetheexpertiseofasteadilycrowingMembership,ournewH.Q,theStrutsandtheirCouncil.

ANDSOWESAYHELLO.

WelcomeLaurieShaw,JohnPothecaryandRoy HeathtotheExecutiveCommitteeandMessrs.Dunn, HaffendenandGrigsontothenewlyformedMagazine Committee.Wewishthemwell,fortheyhaveaformidabletaskinmaintainingthestandardsetbytheirpredecessorsandwillneedallthehelpwecangivethem. ItissaidthataCommitteecannotrunaMagazineand theyhavenoexperience,wellneitherdidStuartwhen hestartedandlookwhatamagnificentjobhedid!

P.S.—Andbytheway,Stuart,FrankandDonall foundtimetobuildandflytheirownaeroplanes!Butthat'swhatHisallaboutisn'tit?

DAVIDFAULKNER-BRYANT

COVERSTORY

ChrisLodge'sTailorMonoplaneonitsfirstflight fromToleshuntd'Arcyon19thJunelastwithJack Pickerellatthecontrols.

PFAEXECUTIVECOMMITTEE

President: A/Cmort.G.J.C.PAUL, C.B.,D.FC.,M.A.,C.Eng., F.R.Ae.S.

Chairman: D.F. FAULKNER-BRYANT

Treasurer: Capt.E.S.DAvis,A.M.I.E.E

EngineeringOfficer:

F. I. V. WALKER,C.Eng.,F.R.Ac.S.

GyroRepresentative: P. LOVEGROVE

GroupSecretary:

G. PEACOCK, D.I.0,B.Sc.

Special&emsCo-ordinator:

L.W.SHAw,D.A.E.,CEng., A.F.R.Ae.S.,A.M.SL.A.E.T.

Air TrafficRepresentative:

F.BRIMECOMBE

ComnatteeMenthers:

J. PARKER, B.Sc.

W. GOWLAND

A.W. J. O.ORD-HUME

R. WILKS

rounded19-16

Individualmembership:/5.50p.a.

'Thefoundingandrepreientntivebodyin theUnited Kingdomofamateurcunstractoryandoperators of rindGroupoperatedaircraft.

A.C.G.I.,C.Eng.,M.I.Mecn.E VintageRepresentative.

A.WoopflAms,B.Sc.,C.Eng., A.F.R.Ae.S

J.R. DUNFORD

Capt.J. POTHECARY

Capt. R.FIEATh

ENJOYTHESKY

Part1."There'soneborneveryminute"

Isupposeitreallygotstartedoneafternoonin September1971,whenIdrovetoourlocalairportto meetourdaughterwhowasreturningfromavisitto herFrenchcousins.Herflightwasdelayedanhourso withnothingbettertodoIwanderedoutofthegloom oftheconvertedhangarofanairportbuildingtohave asmokeinthesunshineinthecarpark.

WithmypipedrawingpleasantlyIleantonthe railingsandlookedattheaircraftonthetarmac.There wasanIslandertakingonfueland,overonthefar edgeoftheapron,twolittlehigh-wingmonoplanes: Cessna150's.

AsIwatched,achapstrolledacrossfromthecontrol tower,openedthedoorofoneoftheCessnasand leantinside.Isawtheflapscomedownandthebeacon lightwinkonceortwiceandgoout.Hethenwalked roundthemachinedoingacarefulexternalcheck beforegettingin.Theflapswereraised,thepropeller kickedacoupleoftimesandtheenginespluttered intolife.Thedoorwasslammedshutandaftera minuteortwothedaintylittleyellow,blackandwhite chequerpaintedmachinetaxiedquietlyawaytothe holdingpointfortherunway.

Iwatchedhimrunuphisengine,checkingthemags. Icouldimaginehimdoinghisdrillofvitalactions-

T,trim;M,mixturerich;P,pitch(itlookedtobe fixedanyway);F,fuelonandsufficient;F,flaps— probably20°;G,gyros.Thatwasthedrillweusedto dotwentyfiveyearsago.Iwonderedifitwasstillthe same.

Hetaxiedouttotherunway,turned,openedupto fullthrottleandfairlyboundedintotheair.Hehadat least400feetbeforehehadclearedtheendofthe runway.Quiteanaeroplane,Idecided,andturned sadlyaway.

Itwasthenmyeyefellonasignproclaimingthe premisesoftheflyingclubandaquiteirrationalidea crossedmymind.Woulditbedifficultand/orexpensivetorenewmylicenceaftertwentyfiveyearson theground?

CommonsensetoldmethatIcouldneveraffordit anditwouldbeapointlessexerciseinanycase.I lookedatmywatch—stillhalfanhourtowaitfor Amanda.Well,there'snoharminasking,Ithought. IwouldnotbecommittedandIneednotdoanything aboutit.Justaswelltoknowthefacts.Iwasalready attheopendoor.Itookastepinsideandwashooked.

ItwasjustlikeeveryothercrewroomIhadever known.Therewasacounterinsidethedoorwiththe operationsloguponitandaball-pointtetheredtothe

RobertLowe

Cessna150attheendofaneveningtrainingflight.

(PhotobyMikeJerratn)

"Enjoythesky, Possessthefieldofair, Cloudbeyourstep, TheWestwindbyyourstair".

ManAlive byJohnPudney.

counterbyalengthofstring.Abatteredsetteeanda coupleofarmchairsandatablewithpilesofflying magazinesuponit.Colouredphotographsofaeroplanesonthewalls.

Aharassed-lookinggirl was bangingatypewriter atadeskbehindthecounter.Shegotupandcame acrosstome.Iapologisedforinterruptingherlabour withaperfectlyfrivolousenquiry.

ShedidnotseemtothinkthatIwasmentallyunhingedandgaveseriousconsiderationtomyproblem. ShethoughtitwasreallyamatterfortheC.F.I.and tnrnedandcalled"Peter"toanopendoorattheback oftheroom.Amuffledvoicereplied.

Shethought,inanycase,Iwouldhavetoreferthe matterto"Dotty"—Howveryapt,Imused!Shesaid theyhadsomeformssomewhereandbeganhunting indrawersbehindthecounter.

Aneatlyshirt-sleevedmanappearedfromtheback roomwithatrayloadedwithmugsofcoffeewhichhe putonthecounter."You'dbetterhaveGeorge's,"he saidtome."Heseemstohavedisappeared."

ThiswasPeter,theC.F.I.,whotoldmesuccinctly thattheDepartmentofTradeandIndustrywould havetoruleontheamountofflyingIwouldhaveto dotorequalify.Hefoundmeformsofapplicationfor amedicaltestandaStudentPilot'sLicence,gaveme theaddressesoftwodoctorswhocoulddomy medical,soldmetwopublicationsonAirLawand Radiotelephonyandsawmesomewhatdazedandfull ofcoffeetothedoor.

OfcourseIwrotetoD.O.T.I.,itonlycostastamp, enclosingmyoldservicelogbook,andtheyreplied charminglytotheeffectthattenhours,ofwhichfive hadtobesoloandcouldincludetherequiredcrosscountryandflighttest,togetherwiththewritten examinationwouldsufficetorenewmylicenceprovideditwascompletedwithinsixmonths—Iwonder whythetimelimit?Theyalsoenclosedformsof applicationforthemedicalandtheS.P.L.

"Ahwell,"Ithought,"attheadvancedageof56 I'llprobablyfailthemedical.Noharminfindingout."

SoIdidtheroundsofchestX-rays,cardiographs andfinallythemedicalitself.RathertomysurpriseI passed.Iwenthomeandtoldmywife,whodisapprovedofmyflyingatall,thatIwasnowcleared foranother56yearsofcigarettesandwhiskeyand wild,wildwomen.Idon'tthinkshewasamused.

AtthispointIrealisedthatIhadalreadycommitted myselftothetuneof£6.50justtofindoutthatIwas stillfitenoughtofly.Itseemedapitytowasteallthat moneyandeffortsoIsentfortheS.P.L."Anyway," toldmyself,"IfIdon'tflyagain now I'llcertainly never fly again."

AcoupleofdaysafterthelicencearrivedIfound myselfdownattheflyingclub.TheC.F.I.wasflying butwasexpecteddowninabouthalfanhour,soI chattedtoGeorge,theclubmanagerwhosecoffeeI haddrunkonmypreviousvisit.

Georgegavemesomemorecoffeeandalsosoldme asetofthoseexcellentBirchandBramsontextbooks ongroundsubjects,FlightBriefingforPilots, acouple ofmaps,acivillogbook,amapboard,ascalerule,a Douglasprotractorandastreamlinedversionofthe oldDaltoncomputer.EvenasIsignedthechequeI thoughtImusthavebeenpixielated.Ifhehadwaited anhourGeorgewouldhavehadahardsellonhis hands.

WhentheC.F.I.appearedhetookalong,hard lookatmylogbookbutseemedunimpressedbythe 1200hoursinit.Withsomereason.

FromthenonIhardlydidanythingright.OntakeoffIstuffedthestickforwardtogetthetailup—this

PopularFlying,January- February,1974

ofcourseonlyproducedanalarmingjudderfromthe nosewheeloftheCessna150.Peter'sinstructionto climboutat70m.p.h.producedanundulatingclimb atanythingbetween65and85.Toldtoflyat3,000ft. Ididnotseemabletoholditnearerthanplusor minus300ft.Peterjustlaughed.

Onrate-oneturnsmynosewanderedupanddown, aboveandbelowthehorizon,andmyeffortstocorrect itsenttheturnandslipindicatorcross-eyed.

TheR.T.procedurewasentirelynewtome.Peter lookedafterthat,andthoughrunderstandhisendof itIcouldnotmakeoutawordofwhatcameoutof thehorridlittlespeakerintheroofofthecabin.

Iwasutterlydowncastasweflewbacktorejointhe circuit.Iseemedtohaveforgottenitall.Evenacouple ofpassablelandingsinastrongcross-windfailedto raisemyspirits.Isworetomyselftoforgetallabout it,beasensiblegrandfatherandkeepmyfeetonthe groundinfuture.

AweeklaterIwasbackformoreandthenexttime appearedPetersentmesolo.

ItwasonlyaboutthispointthatIbegantothink seriouslyaboutthefinancialimplications.

IfIwastogoonflyingonceIhadgotmylicence backIwouldbelimitedtoabouthalfanhouramonth atflyingclubrates,andasforgoinganywhereina clubaircraftforadayorsoitjustwouldnotbeon. Tobetiedtothecircuitandthelocalflyingareamade thewholethingseemsillierthanever.

Ihadstartedreadingtheflyingmagazinesagainand fromtheadvertisementsitseemedthatsomesecond handaeroplanescouldbehadatveryreasonable prices.ThisofferedapossiblesolutionbutwhenI tackledGeorgeabouthangarageandotherincidentals thatlineofenquirycametoadeadend.Hangarage alonewascurrently17permonthandlikelytogoup.

ItwasnotlongafterthisthatIgotholdofJohn Urmston'slovelybook BialsandFoolsFly, inwhich hedescribesthebuildingofa Currie"Wot", anda glimmeroflightbegantoappearattheendofthe tunnel.

ThiswasthesortofaeroplaneonwhichIhad startedflyinginthebadolddaysbeforethewar.Open cockpit,noradio,minimalinstrumentsandbasic controls.Once,foraboutthreemonthsatCambridge, Ihadhada KronfeldDrone andthathadprovidedme withreallymemorableflyingoftheseat-of-the-pants andwind-in-the-facevariety.Icouldnotrecallenjoyingmyselfsomuchinanyotheraircraft,noteven intheHurricanesandSpitfiresinwhichIonceearned aprecariousliving.

Tobuild,and-eventuallyfly,somethinglikethis wouldsurelybethemosttremendousfunandwould, inthemeantime,givesomepointtothemonthlyhalf hourroundthecircuit.

IsupposethatIhadnotpreviouslyconsidered buildinganaircraftsimplybecauseIhadneverheardof anyoneelseevenattemptingit,exceptexpertsinthe tradesuchastheDeHavillandapprentices.

Furtherresearchesledmetothe PopularFlying Association andtosendforanumberofbrochuresof aircraftthatcouldbebuiltinone'sgarage—the Lutons,MajorandMinor,theTurbulent,theCondor, theNipperandtheEvansV.P.1and2.

TheP.F.A'sannualRallyatSywell,nearNorthampton,wasbythennotfaroff,soIdecidedtomotorup thereandactuallyseesomeaeroplaneswhichamateurs hadbuilt,beforemakingadecision.

Sywellreallyopenedmyeyes.Agrassairfieldinthe Midlandsonaheavenlyfullsummerday.Somany littleaeroplanes:Jodels,Nippers,Lutons,Taylors, Betas,Turbulents,Condors,CurrieWots,Fabulous

Fredandmanyothers,someofthembuilttoa standardwhichwouldbeuneconomicfcracommercialbuildertoattempt,othersbuilttoafinish whichIfeltthat(nenIcouldachieve.Buttheyflew!

Thiswastherealstaffofflying.Herewasthespirit thathadpoweredtheprivateflyhigmovementofthe 1920'sand30'sandIhadimaginedwasgoneforever. Thiswasfun.

Walkingaroundthepaddock,lookingalot,taking photographs,talkingtoowner-buildersIacquireda greatfundofinformationwhichprovidedmaterialfor argumentandthoughtforweekstocome.

One'sselectionofatypetobuildisadeeplypersonal matter.Therecanbenobestbuy,itdependssomuch uponindividualcircumstances,preferencesand prejudices.

EventuallyIsettledontheEvansV.P.Iforthe followingprincipalreasons.notnecessarilyinorderof importance.

Simplicityofconstructionsince1amnoexpertin theuseoftools.OnthesamecountImighteven completeitinareasonabletime.

Compactness—Icouldbuilditinthegarageand stillgetthecarsin,atleastmostofthetime.

Itcanbetakenapartandtrailedhomeonitsown wheels.ActuallyIplantobuildatrailerforitand hangaritinthat,saving£200perannum.

Easeofhandlingontheground—brakesanda steerabletail-wheelareincludedintheplans.One couldevenpickitupbythetailwheelandbarrowit around.

Idecidedonasingleseaterratherthanatwo seaterforavarietyofreasons.Itshouldbeeasierand cheapertobuildandthematerialsandenginewouldbe moreeasilyobtained—trygettingspruceinlengths

greaterthanIIfoot!Thennoneofmyfamilyarcvery keenonflyingandsotheywouldnothavetoputon bravefacesandpretendthattheyenjoyedflyingwith me.Butitwasprincipallyforthequiteselfishreason thatIloveflyinganaeroplanethatIcanstraptomy bottomratherthanalevitatingmotor-ear.

Oneaircraftthathadamusedanddelightedmeat SywellwasthecheekylittleFred.Hadtheplansbeen availableatthetimeLwaschoosingadesign,my decisionastowhattobuildcouldha\ebeenmademuch moredifficult.sinceFredmeetsmanyofmyrequirements,andsourcesofsupplyformaterialswouldhave beenthatmucheasierthanfortheV.P.Iwithits Americanspecification.

Havingdecidedonwhattobuildthenexthurdleis togetstarted.Iseempossessedofmoreinertiathan mostofmyacquaintancesandsoIhaxetotalkmyself intoanymajorproject.

ItoldallmyfriendsthatIwasgoingtobuildan aeroplane.Thisnaturallyastonishedthemsothatthey keptenquiringaboutmyprogressuntilforveryshame Thadto get outinychequebookandsendforthe plans.1couldthenfobthemoffforabitbyshowing themMr.Evans'sbeautifuldrawings.

Icouldprobablyhavedonethisindefinitelyexcept thatoneofmyfriendshappenedtobeaseniormember oftheC.A.A.andhevolunteeredhisservicesasmy inspector.

UnderhisgentleproddingIcouldonlysendaway forthematerials.

Inowhadapileofspruceandplywoodandlotsof nutsandboltsandwashersandhimaesandbitsof aluminiumandsomeshinynewtools.

Ihadtogetmyjacketoff.

Tobecontinued.

BattleofBritainnightSpitfire.'onalowlevelrun

UNDERNEIM MANAGEMENTj

Thetimehasindeedcome,andwehavesaidfarewelltoOUTmostcapableeditor.Stuarthasdonea magnificentjobproducing PopularFlying, YOUR magazine,singlehandedforthepastsixyears.Itis unfortunatethattheonlycontributionmanymembers havebeenabletomakeistocomplainthat Popular Flying is"lateagain".Itisalsounfortunatethatthis issue,thefirstunderthe"NewManagement"will againbelate.

Wewouldalsoliketoproposeavoteofthanksto JennyPothecary,wifeofthewellknownCommittee MemberandVintageAircraftownerJohn.Without JennythePFAOfficewouldhavecollapsedandwe wouldhavehadnoonetohelpuswiththetypingfor PopularFlying.

WhilstweareonthesubjectofOfficeshereissome newsaboutthatdoubledeckmobileofficeXTO245, nowownedbytheAssociation.itisatpresent hibernatingatShorehamforthewinterperiod.Ithas beencleanedoutinternally,periodicwalkround checkscompleted,anti-freezeetc.addedandtheodd triptothelocalgaragefordiesel(ifthey'vegotany!) withrationbookinhand.Theroofwillsoonbe repainted,andtheinsidesetupasanofficeaswas originallyintended.AsmallmessagetoallRally organizers—ifyouwantXTO245atyourRally contacttheofficeassoonaspossibleaswecanonly gettooneRallyoneachday,anditwillbeamatterof firstcome,firstattended.

Toendthis,ourfirsteditorial,PLEASE,PLEASE, sendusmaterialtopublish.

Thisisyourassociationandyourmagazine;wewill edit PopularFlying, butwithoutmaterialfromYOU thememberswewillhavenothingtoedit.

ATTENTION all Nipperowners!

WehearDavidAnti11ismostanxious thatallNipperownersshouldcontact himassoonaspossiblewithaviewto discussiononsafeguardingthesupplyof Nippersparesinthefuture.Davidcanbe contactedathomeafter8.0p.m.,telephoneLoughborough2209.

Ifyouarenotalreadyanownerofoneof thesesuperblittleaeroplanes,butdream ofbeingone,seetheclassifiedadvertisementsfortheveryadvancedkitsDavid hasforsale.Consideringwhatyougetin thekitoffereditreallyisagiveaway price.

"SECURITYHOUSE"

160-161BROMSGROVESTREET

BIRMINGHAMB56NY

Telephone021-692-1245(10lines)

FORKEENESTRATES SERVICEANDSECURITY

AJEP-WITTMANTAILWIND'HighPerformance

climb,landingspeed43kts.Range500miles. Theaircraftthatout-performsallcomparable types.

Twoplace(sidebysideseating).Full'glass house'visibility,60Ibbaggage,1,000-I800ft/rnin:

JYROJOTTINGS fromPeteLovegrove

IantoftenaskedwhatIconsidertobethebest engineandpropellorcombinationforuseonthe BensenBSgyro.TheplansshowaMcCulloch72hp. or90hp.butsincetheseenginesarevirtuallyunobtainableinEurope(MickLangtonhastheonlyonesof whichIknow),andsparesareincrediblyexpensive anyway,theyarenotaverygoodpropositionforthe averagebuilder.

TheVW1500or1600issuitable,thelatterbeing preferableinmyview.Twincarbs,increasedcompressionratio(8.5)andmagnetoignitionarenecessary features.Withouttoomuchtrouble,onecanalso "flow-theheadsandintakes;thiscangiveanextra oneortwohorsepower,dependingonhowroughthey weretobeginwith.Thecarburettorsarethestandard Solexunitsfittedtothe1600byVW.Magnetoscanbe Bosch,Vertex,LucasorScimella.TheBoschandmost oftheotherswillplugstraightintotheholefromwhich thenormalcoil-ignitiondistributorhasbeenremoved. Thecompressionratioissimplyincreasedbyboring outthecavitiesinthealloyheadwhichsocketoverthe barrelspigots.ThisisaservicewhiehanymajorVW agentcanprovide.Thecarburettorswillgenerallybe

usedwithoutanyairfilteringfitted,andtherefore,if usedwithoutalteringthemain:jetbore,themixture totheenginewillbeweak.Itisthereforenecessaryto drilloutthejetuntilthespark-plugsshowthecharacteristicallyacceptablebrowncolour,whichindicates thatthemixtureiscorrect.Incaseitisnotgenerally known,ablackshinydepositontheplugsindicatesa richmixture(thejetsizeistoolarge),andawhitishor verylightgreycolourindicatesaleanmixture(thejet sizeistoosmall).Thecorrectcolourisalightish chocolatebrown.Ishouldpointoutherethatthe conditionofleanmixture,ifitisallowedtopersist, willusuallyresultinsoniepartoftheenginebeing meltedordamaged.Arichmixture,whilstitmay causetheenginetostopanditmayhammeryour wallethardbecauseoffuelcosts,generallycausesthe enginetoruncool,andtherefore,doesnotusually harmit.Astotheeffectsresultingfromanairbourne silence,therisksarelesswithagyrothanwithafixed wing.However,sincethefuelmixturecanbemade correctbygroundtesting,thereisnoreasonforan airbournefailure.

Thequestionofpropellersisaslightlyknottyone-

ThesecondWallisautogyrowithKenWallisatthehehn

ifyouwillforgivethepun—sincetherearenosuitable onesavailableintheUK.Hordern-Richmondareno longerinterestedinmakingtheseprops,andthisthereforemeansonemustgototheStatestogetone.Inmy opinion,KermitTroyermakes,byfar,thebestgyro props,andtheyarenomoreexpensivethantheones previouslymadeinBritain.Aftertheadditionofair freight,agentsfees,dutyandVAT,theall-uppriceis around£65.Thepropinquestionisfiftyinchesdiameterandtwenty-fourinchespitch.Itisspecifically designedtooperateathighRPM—whichrequires greatertensilestrengththanordinarylowRPM aroundthethreethousandlevel—andhasstainless steelcladdingontheleadingedgesandtips.

*

Oneofourmembers,Mr.Parker,hassentmethe photostatreplywhichhereceivedfromRotorway,in responsetohisrequestforinformationaboutthe Scorpionhelicopter.Thegistofthisreplyisthat Rotorwayarenotinterestedinsellingmaterials,plans orcomponentsoutsidetheUSA.,sodonotbotherto writetothem.InMr.Parker'scase,theyaddedinsult toinjurybysendinghistwodollarsback,withthe photostat,inanunsealedenvelope!

**

FlightLieutenantSimmonsdidsomeexperiments thisyearonhisCricketgyro,havingfirsttakenthe troubletoaskmyopinionofthechangesheintended totry.Oneoftheseconsistedofconvertingthethrottle fromtwist-griptoquadrant(Mr.Simmonsflieshelicoptersandkeptusingthetwistgripaspartofa collectivecontrolsystem!)andreversingtheactionof thespin-uplever.Anotherimportantchangewasthe additionofafullheightPerspexwindscreenwitha glass-fibremouldingsteadyingthetopofitbackto themast.Thescreen,plustheoverheadmoulding, gaveagreatdealofprotectionagainstwindandausefulreductionintotaldrag.Theevidenceforthelatter wasthatthelevel-flightspeedatfullthrottle,fora givenaltitude,increasedmeasurably.Mr.Simmons hasproducedasetofsketchesofhismodificationsand eitherhasdiscussed,orwillbediscussing,themwith thelocalCAA.Providedtheyapprove,Icanseeno reasonwhyidenticalchangesshouldnotbemadeto anyCricket. **

Sincerotors,ofthetypemarketedbyBensenand someothers,useaflathubbarandanequallyflat blade-rootattachment,itfollowsthat,sinceallrotors must operatewithaconingangleinflight,theremust besomebendingofthehubbarand,inparticular,the inboardpartoftheblade.Experiencehasclearly demonstrated,withthethousandsofBensonrotorsso farsold,thatsolongasthespecifiedmaximumflying weightofsixhundredpoundsis not exceeded,thelife oftheserotorswillbeashighasBensonclaims.

Justrecently,Ihaveheardofaninstancewhere, withamachineoperatingconsistentlyatweightsabove 630lbs.,thelowerskinscrackedatthepointwherethe bendingisseen(fromphotographsinflight)tobeat itsgreatest.Theonlycomforttobedrawnfromthis, asfarasthepilotwasconcerned,wasthat,inspiteof thebrokenskins,thebladesdidnotpartcompany. Rememberthat,intheBensonDesign,thelowerskin isthemainload-bearingmemberandtheleading-edge sparisclaimedtobeaseparatepathofsupport.I thinkthat,sincethepilotonlynoticedthefailurein theskinswhenwipingthebladesdownaftertheflight, theeffectivenessofthesecondloadpathisconfirmed. Thebladesdo,therefore,havesome"failsafe"or "second-string"protection.

PopularFlying,January-February,1974

Itisimportanttoconsiderthisfailurefromall aspects.Certainly,Idonotseeitasareasontorush outandscrapallsuchbladesandIsaythisfortwo reasons.Firstly,themachinewasusuallywellabove therecommendedweightforBensonbladesand, secondly,ithadaveryrigidmastassembly.Ihave explainedwhytheformercanbedangeroussoletme nowdiscussthelatter.

Putinverysimpleterms,thedragoftherotoris muchgreaterwhenitisbroadsideontotheairflow,in forwardflight,thanwhenitisfore-and-aft.Inconsequence,apulsatingforceisappliedtothemast, throughtherotorhead.Thisforcepeakstwicein everyrevolutionoftherotor.Ifthemastisveryrigid, ithastobeabsorbedbythehead,thebladesandthe controlsystem.Itisreadilydetectedasafore-and-aft vibrationonthestick,usuallyprettyharsh.

TheBensonB8getsovertheproblemsimplyby lettingthemastflex,whichiswhyithasnobolt-holes intheuppersectionofthemast,onthefrontorback faces.Therehavebeeninstances,longagonow,where spindleshavefailedbecausemastson"owndesigns," whichgenerallycopiedBensensinmostrespects,were solidlybraced.

So,themoralisthis:

(I)UseBensenorsimilarrotorsonmachinesofless than600lb.gross,thelowerthebetter. Makesurethemachinehasprovisionforthe absorptionof2perrev.vibration.

Remember,ANDICANNOTEMPHASISE THISTOOSTRONGLY,anultra-lightgyro should not havevibrationsonthestickinflight.If yourshas,thenyouhaveoneofthefollowing conditions(A)rotoroutofbalancestatically,(B) rotoroutofpattern(C)rotoroutoftrackor(D) nomeansofabsorbingthe2perrev.vibrations. Anyoftheseconditonscanbedealtwith,and shouldbe,ifyouwanttoflysafelyandnotbecomea statistic.

NewFilmsfromthe...

CivilAviationAuthority

ThreenewCivilAviationAuthority16mmcolourfilmsare nowavailableforborrowingfreeofchargethroughthe CentralFilmLibrary,CentralOfficeofInformation,GovernmentBuilding,BromyardAvenue,Acton,LondonW37JB Thefilmsallhavethethemeofaviationsafetyanddealwith theworkoftheAuthority'sNationalAirTrafficServices. Theyare:

*AIRTRAFFICCONTROLANDTHEPRIVATEPILOT. ShowsthehelpwhichtheNationalAirTrafficServices providetoprivatepilotstomaketheirflyingsaferand moreenjoyable.

*RADARFORAIRTRAFFICCONTROL.Describes howradarisusedbyairtrafficcontrollersandhowit makesamajorcontributiontoairsafetyinUKairspace

*THEFLYINGLABORATORIESOFTHECIVIL AVIATIONAUTHORITY.TheCAA'sFlyingUnitis concernedwithairsafety.Thefilmshowshowthe Unit'spilotsandtechniciansgoabouttheirtaskof checkingnavigationalaids.

AbrochuregivingfulldetailsoftheseandotherCAAfilms isavailablefrom:

ULTRA-LIGHT HISTORY

Byoriginaldefinition,anultra-lightaircraftwasone whichweighedlessthan1,200lb.all-upweight,hadan engineoflessthan75h.p.,andwhichhadastalling speed,withengineoff,ofnotmorethan45milesan hour.Overtheyearsduringwhichaviationhasbeen growingup,therehavebeenlargenumbersofaeroplanesinthiscategoryfrommanycountries.Always thereissomeone,inanygivenperiod,whowantsto buildonesmaller,orlighter,orsimpler,orjustplain cheaperthananythingelseinthesky.Probablythe chiefreasonsbehindthedesignofultra-lightshave alwaysbeensimplicity,safetyandcheapness— reasonsasvalidtodayasevertheywere,andjustas hardtorealiseinpracticalform.

ImmediatelyaftertheendofthefirstWorldWar, beforethefinancialsituationgotdesperateformany people,therewasashort-livedboominflyingactivity. Apartfromthevastnumbersofwar-surplusaircraft onsalefor,inmanycases,afewshillingsonly,there sprangupanewrequirementforasmall,cheapaeroplanethatcouldbeoperatedeasilybytheprivate citizen.EvenifthereturningherospurnedLloyd George'sfamouscow,manywerepreparedtoaccept theacressupposedtogowithitforthesakeofan aircrafttheycouldflyfromthem.Flywhereyou please,setdownanywhere,flyascheaplyasgoingby car...itallsoundedveryfine,inthefirstflushof victoryandatthefirstParisAeroShowinthewinter of1919-1920,alongsidethenewandfamiliarmilitary aircraft,thehastily-convertedbomber/airlinersand theglibcommercialtypes,therewereahostoflittle designers'dreams.Thegreatmajorityofthemwere destinedtoremainjustdreams;evenatf400-£500, somewereplainlytoofreakishtoappeal.Forsome reason,noneofthisfirstclutchofpost-warbabieswas asuccess.Engineswereaproblem—theyalwaysare— andthefewsuitablelightpowerunitswereunreliable forthemostpart.Thenitwasalltoopainfullyobvious thatintheirzealoussearchforlightnessseveraldesignershadsacrificedstrengthandqualitytoan alarmingdegree.Themajorityofpeople(private people,thatis)whoflew,preferredtodosowitha solidsurplusbargain,eventhoughitmeantsubmitting totheragingthirstofaLibertyorEagleorLion engine.

Anumberoftriplanesappearintheseearlypagesof ourhistory;thistypeofarrangementhadproved successfulinthewaryears,eitherinthecaseofheavy bombers,whereconsiderationsofstructuralstrength limitedthespanofawoodenwingorinthecaseof scouts,wherethreeshortwingsgavelowwing-loading andashortspanformaximummanoeuvrability.This lastconsiderationinduceddesignersofultra-lightsto adoptthismethodofachievingrigidityofstructureat lowcostinweight,butasdesignandconstructionimprovedwithfreshknowledgeandnewmaterials,the needforthetriplanereceded,andthedisadvantages ofthelayout—aestheticallyandstructurallyitwasa clumsyrig—ensureditsearlydemise.

ThefirstofourselectionistheFarmanSport,which fromitsproximitytotheFarmanGoliathonthefirm's standatthe1919-1920ParisAeroShow,wasusually 8

knownastheDavid.Poweredoriginallybythe60h.p. LeRhoneZ99-cylinderrotary(Strokeandbore84 mm.and106mm.,1,450r.p.m.).Thisenginegavethe Davidatopspeedof87m.p.h.andanenduranceof4 hours.Lateraircraftwerefittedwitha45h.p.Anzani 6-cylinderradial.Constructionoftheairframewasof wood,thefuselagecoveredwithgluedandnailedply. Twosmallseatsintandem,closetogether,were mountedonalowwoodenbox.Analuminiumcowling coveredtheforwardendofthefuselageandthemotor. Thewingswereheavilystaggeredandsquaretipped, carryingaileronsonthetopwingonly.Span23ft. 6in.;length,21ft.;weight,empty,440lb.,loaded, 880lb.;stallingspeed,37m.p.h.Price:fr.15,000.

TheEdouarddeMarcayLimousinefeatureda detachablecabintopforthetwotandemseats,which wasfittedspeciallyfortheParisShow.Withthe 60h.p.LeRhôneelaboratelycowledatthefrontofa circularmonocoquefuselageitwasastrikingaircraft. AfeatureofthedeMarcayexhibitswasthemounting ofthelowerwingonthreestrutsorblocksattachedto thespars.Theforwardpaircarriedtheundercarriage legsandconnectedwithaframeworkinsidethe fuselagewhichcarriedtheengine,thustransmitting landingshocksawayfromthemonocoque.Theplywood-coveredtailplanewasoftheliftingtype.Span was19ft.7in.;length,18ft.3in.;wingarea,167sq. ft.;topspeed,87m.p.h.;weight,loaded,835lb., empty,390lb.

TheB.A.T.Crow,F.K.28,designedbyFrederick KoolhovenfortheBritishAerialTransportCo.,was intendedtobecomeasortofaerialmotor-cycle.The totalweightwas220lb.,theendurance2hours(150 miles).Theenginefittedwasa40h.p.A.B.C.Gnat. This,togetherwithfuelandoiltanks,detachedasa completeunit,andtheundoingof12boltsremoved theone-piecewingforstorage.Spanwas15ft.and length,14ft.

TheLouisClementtriplanewasamostremarkable design.Atri-plane,thewingsweresupportedbysingle strutsattachedtothefrontspar;theuppertwowings warpedforlateralcontrol,thelowerterminatedin bicycle-typewheels,sprunginsidethewing.Asmall steel-tubeandfabricfuselagesupportedanose-wheel, apilotandthe35h.p.AnzaniYengine.Thisengine drovethepropellerthroughanextensionshaftinan aluminiumtube—leavingverylittleroomforthe pilotinhiscanvasslingseat.Spanwasabout12ft.; lengthabout9ft.;weight,empty,198lb.,loaded, 374lb.Theloadwasreferredtobyonejournalas "A pilotandalittlefuelandoil".

ThedeMarcayPassepartout(orPassepeutetreas TheAeroplane calledit,referringtothelowpowerof the10h.p.A.B.C.engine)claimedtobetheworld's smallestaeroplane,andwasbuiltonstandardde Marcaylineswithawoodenmonocoquefuselageand wooden,liftingtail.Theupperwingwarped,thecables passingoverpulleysinthelowerwing.Topspeedwas saidtobe68m.p.h.Spanwas13ft.3ins.;length,12ft. 6in.,andheight4ft.6in.;wingarea,91.5sq.ft.; weight,empty,230lb.,loaded,417lb.

TheRicciR.6triplaneunderwentitspreliminary PopularFlying,January-February,1974

testsinJanuary,1920,andtheofficialGovernment testinAprilofthesameyear.Itrepresentedthe reductioadabsurdum ofthetriplaneformula,witha spanof11ft.5in.,alengthof12ft.4in.,andaheight of7ft.6in.Wingareawas118sq.ft.;emptyweight, 330lb.,loaded,661lb.The60h.p.,6-cylinderAnzani radialgaveatopspeedof95m.p.h.andastalling speedofabout20m.p.h.Endurance,4hours.

Asalandplaneoraseaplane,itcouldbefittedwith respectively,the40h.p.2-cylinderA.B.C.Gnatorthe 35h.p.YAnzaniwith3cylinders.Eitherenginecould befitted,theA.B.C.givinganextra3,000ft.onthe ceilingand15m.p.h.onthespeed.Rangewasincreasedasmorepetrolwascarried.Thefuselagewas averyrigidboxgirder,carryingengineandundercarriage.Lateralcontrolwasbywingwarping.Span, 19ft.9in.;length,13ft.9in.;wingarea,129sq.ft.; maximumspeed(A.B.C.),84m.p.h.:weight,empty, 353lb.,loaded,562lb.(weightpenaltyoffloats, 44lb.);range(40h.p.),310miles,(35h.p.)155miles.

TheHenriPotezTypeVIIIshowedoneunusual featureinthemethodofmountingtheengine,which wassctwiththecrankshaftverticalandcylinderlieads forward,drivingthepropellerthroughbevelgears. Thissystemwasadoptedinordertokeepthecentre ofgravitylowandprovideevencoolingoverthewhole unit.Afourwheelundercarriagewasfitted,with emergencycanehoopsbeneaththetail.Thewingwas dural,fabric-coveredandthefuselagewood,withply skin.Aileronswerefittedtothetopwingonly.Span was26ft.5in.;length,18ft.7in.,andheight,8ft. 2in.Wingareawas204sq.ft.(Spanoflowerwing, 22ft.4in.);weight,empty,483lb.,loaded925lb.The enginewasa50h.p.PotezA4and4cylindersof100 mm.boreand120mm.stroke.Normalenginer.p.m. were2,200with2.1reductiongear.Endurance,3 hourson88lb.offuel.

TheSpadSXXXwasasingle-seater,poweredbya 45h.p.Anzaniwhichgaveitatopspeedof87m.p.h. andanenduranceof3hours.Theupperwingwas slightlyswept-back—acommonfeauureofpost-war Spaddesignsand(anotherSpadfeatureontheir smalleraircraft)aileronswerefittedonthelowerwing only.Theenginewasveryfullyandneatlycowledand thelargespinnerwasmountedonballbearings,rotatingindependentlyoftheairscrew.Thisdevicewas

intendedtoobviateburstspinners.Asilencerwas fitted.Span,25ft.7in.;length,19ft.5in.,height, 7ft.5in.;weight,empty,616lb.,loaded,880lb.; landingspeed,37m.p.h.

TheSpadSXXIXwasbasicallysimilar,butwas fittedwiththe80h.p.LeRffiffieandcarriedtwoin tandem.Withthisengine,topspeedwas103m.p.h., andendurance3hours.Thefuselagewasamonocoque andthewingsweresimilartothoseofthesingle-seater, aswerethecowlingandspinner.Theliftwiresonthis modelconsistedofpairsofcablewithawoodlath betweenthem.Span,25ft.5in.;length,19ft.7in.; height,7ft.10ins.;weight,empty,790lb.,loaded, 1,200lb.ThisaircraftwasReneFonck'spersonal tourer.

TheBristolBabewaspoweredbya40h.p.Siddeley 2-cylinderengine,givingthissingle-seater,intendedto sellfor£400,atopspeedof80m.p.h.,and2+hour endurance.Thefuselagewasthree-plycoveredwood, withfabricontheply,thewingswerenormalwood andfabricconstructionwithtop-wingailerons.The controlcablesforthesepassedthroughthelower wing.Theundercarriagewasverynarrow,thetrack, beingthesamewidthasthefuselage:thetailskidwas aspringsteelleaf.Thesectionofthefuselagetop betweentheinstrumentpanelandthefueltankshasa handle,andliftsoutasaportrnanteau.Span,19ft. 8in.;length,14ft.11in.;height,5ft.9in.;wingarea, 108sq.ft.;weight,empty,460lb.,loaded,683lb.

TheGrainP.V.7Kittenwasfittedwitha35h.p. A.B.C.Gnatwithatopspeedof88m.p.h.anda landingspeedof40m.p.h.Spanwas18ft.(top),and 12ft.7in.(lower);length,14ft.1Iin.,andheight, 5ft.3in.;wingarea,85sq.ft.;weight,empty,272lb., loaded495lb.4gallonsofpetrolandIofoilwere carried.TheEastchurchP.V.8Kitten,withthesame engine,hadatopspeedof94m.p.h.andalanding speedof46m.p.h.Span,19ft.;length,15ft.7+in.; height,5ft.5in.;wingarea,106sq.ft.;weight, empty,340lb.,loaded,595lb.9gallonsofpetroland Iofoil.BothaircraftwereproductsoftheMarine AircraftExperimentalDepotandweredesignedas scoutstooperateofftorpedo-boatdestroyers,undergoingvariousmodificationsintheirshortexperimenal lives.

BurgoyneStirlingDicer

(PhotoviaBobOgden)

Aloe

Swiftdiscovery

Somethingveryakintotheexcitementthatattends theunearthingofburiedtreasurehasrippledthrough VintageAircraftcirclessincethenewsthatanother ComperSwifthasbeendiscoveredafterlyingdormantformanyyears.Asyet,fulldetailsarenotavailableandtheluckyownerquiterightlyrequests anonimity,butwecanrevealthattheregistrationis G-ACGL.Theaircraft,whichhasbeeninstore,is nearlycompleteandconsistsofwingsandstruts, fuselagelesscontrolruns,aCateractengineand accessories,undercarriageandfueltank.Arebuilding programisunderwayandmissingpartsarebeing fabricatedfromdrawingsandmeasurementsfrom otherComperSwiftsinthecountry.Tothisenda completesetofplansarebeingpreparedincludingall fittingsandcentresectioncomponents.Nodoubtthese drawingswillbeinvaluableinthefutureshould anotherSwifteverrequireamajorrepairjob.

G-ACGLthereforejoinstheselectcompanyof survivingComperCLA-7.Swifts,somefiveofwhich, intheU.K.arehighlyprizedcollectorsitemsandare rarelyflownexceptatairshows.Twoothermachines, includingaGipsyenginedexampleareregisteredin Australia,whileanotherisrumouredtoexistinSouth America.Itisnotdifficulttounderstandwhythese tinyaeroplaneshavesurvivedwhilemanyoftheir betterknowncontemporarieshavedisappearedforever.

Asasingleseatpersonaltransportthedesignhasnot beenimprovedupontothisday,combiningahigh speedcruiseandshortfieldperformancewitheconomy andasuitcasestowage(nottomentionthegolfclub compartmentintherear).Wingsfoldneatlysothatthe machinecanbestowedinthenearestgarageshould theweatherbecomesoinclementandlongrangefuel tanksprovideanenduranceoffivehoursifthepilot hasthestamina.Allthisin1932!

Hereareafewdetailsoftheothersurvivors. G-ABTCisownedbycollectorJeremyMenziesand israrelyflown,makinganannualtriptoLashamfor itsCofA.inthehandsofBill(TheSpanner") Townsend.Colourschemeisallblue.G-ABLIS, formerlythemountofthelateJohnEdwards(a foundermemberoftheVintageClub)nowbelongsto KeithSedgewickandisbasedatHalfpennyGreen. Aftermanyyearsofbusyflyingthemachineisabout toundergoanoverhaulwhichmayincludenewengine

CowperSwiftoverOldWarden.ThelateJohnEdwardstakesG-ABUSonahighspeedrunduringanearlyVintage flypast.JohnwasafoundermemberoftheVintageGroup (Photocourtes)' R. Blain,1965)

bearers.Colourschemeisblackwithwhitetrim. G-ABUUhaslongtimebeenownedbyJohn Pothecary.Completewithspatsandbrakes,itisthe onlyComperSwiftwithradioandaswithallofJohn's otheraircraft,isinbeautifulcondition.Colourscheme isalightgrey.G-ACTFwasbuiltin1932andoriginally registeredVT-ADOinIndiabeforereturningtoU.K. in1934.RebuiltbyBillWoodhamsin1968,the machinenowbelongstoAlanChalkleywhois recoveringthefuselagefornootherreasonthantoget toknowtheaircraftindetail.Christened"The ScarletAngel-inNovember1932,thecolourscheme isstillredwithwhitetrim. *

Amostattractivebi-planeshortlytobegracing theskiesagainisPhillipMann'sWiima'.Thismachine builtduringtheturbulentthirtiesbytheFinnishAir FederationispoweredbyaGermanSiemans'Bramo' 150H.P.radial.(Yesthat'sright,thesameaspowers theJiingmeister.)Designedasatrainerithasdual controlsintandemseatingsimilartoaTigerMoth. Theconstructionislightbutruggedasbefitsitscalling, anditisstressedfornormalandinvertedaerobatics.

Atthemomenttheaircraftisbeingriggedat PersonalPlaneServices,BookerwhereithasundergoneamajorrebuildinthehandsofDougBianchi andhisteamofexperts.Dopedthroughsilveratthe present,thefinalcolourschemewillbeitsoriginal FinnishAirForcemattgreenwithBlueSwastikason whitediscs.ArarebirdindeedinthiscornerofEurope andonetolookoutforattheairshows.

Newdevelopments

Thispastyearhasbeenoneofoutstandinggrowth fortheVintageAircraftClubthemembershipofwhich hasdoubledtomorethan130members.Serviceable

PopularFlying,January -February,1974

Vintageaircrafthavenotatthemomentbeentallied, butitisreliablyestimatedtobemorethan50in number.Followingitsformationintoaclub,the Vintagecommitteearenegotiatingfortheleaseofa grassrunwayairfieldwhichwillhopefullybecomea centrefortheflyingofoldaeroplanesawayfromairwaysandtheradioenvironment.Perhapsachanceto practicethosepoweroffapproachesthatarepractically forbiddenatmostbusygeneralaviationairfieldsdue tothefullflapandV.O.R.brigade.

***

VINTAGEAIRCRAFTCLUB—1974CALENDAR

Dale Jan.20th (Sun.)

Feb.17th (Sun.)

Mar.30th (Sat.)

April14th (Sun.)

Event SnowballRally

MuseumVisit A.G.M.Dinner &Dance

TheBuckingham RailwayBarnstorm

Place&Progranune Finmere.Flypast practiceinsecluded airspace.(Raincheck date27th.)

R.A.F.Museum, Hendon.

Memberstobenotifiedofplaceandtime etc.

EasterRallybasedat Finmere.Acrosscountrytail-chase eventwithlotsof Eastereggsasprizes. (RestrictedtomembersandVintageAircraftonly.)

FurtherCalendardetailswillbeannouncedinthe nextissueincludingdetailsofthe10thAnniversary RallytobeheldatOldWardeninJuly.Meanwhileall bestwishesfromtheCapandGoggleBrigadefora happyNewYearofgoodflyingweather. 11

A behind-the-scenespreviewoftheFinnishVIIATA'biplane,priortoitsfinalcolow. .vehemebeingapplied. (PhotoA.Chalkley)

Original Finnish

ABCDEFGHIJK

SUNDAYFLYING

DearSir,

Likemostprivatepilots,Ireturnedhomeinastate ofshockonlearningMr.HeseRinehadimposeda SundayBanonFlyingSchools,Clubs,PrivateOwners, theaerotowingofGlidersandflyingbyvisitingaircraftfromoverseas.

Thesituationwasnotimprovedthefollowingday withexplanatoryNOTAMSandtele-copyfrom variouscontrollingbodies,allatpainstopointoutthat Iandmyfellowpilotshadbeen'volunteered'bythe BLACandthelikeintoagroundingthatwasnot enforceablebylaw.

NodoubtthemotivefortheSundaybanwas engenderedbyasinceredesiretogivePrivateFlyinga lowprofileduringthistimeofintensepublichostility toanythingwithwings—ChristmasTurkeysand PackageTourJumbo'sexcluded.

ThestrangeBargainingthatwentoninMr. Heseltine'sofficemusthavereadlikeaGoonShow ScriptwiththeBizJetsectionnodoubtofferingto closedowneveryoneelseinexchangeforthecontinuationoftheirownthing.Manybusinessmenand industriesofdoubtfulusecanstillswaggeraroundin theirtwinseverydayoftheweek,providingtheydo notflyaroutethatisduplicatedbyascheduled service,asplendidwayoutforthosewhodonotkeep theiraeroplaneatamajorairport.Nodoubttheman inthestreetwillbecontentintheknowledgethata coupleofTurbulents,groundedontheirairstripover aSunday,hadconservedaboutfourgallonsoftheir rationinthenationalinterest.

Butseriously,thepointthatso-greatlyconcernsme, isnotjustthequestionofFuelConservationwhichwe allknowandaccept,buttheinterferencewiththe libertyofthesubjecttousehispetrolallocationwhen andhowhelikes.Ouraircraftarealreadysubjectto fuelrestriction,weknowapproximatelywhatour rationisbyconsultingourlogbooksandinvoicesfor thistimelastyear,andmakingthepercentagereduction.Howandwhenwechosetouseourrationisno concernofMr.HeseHine,theBLAC,BGA,PFAor anyotherbodywhopurportstorepresentus.

Yoursfaithfully,

PATHOLMES

PIPERCUBG-AITH

DearSir,

Inyourmagazine"Sywell'73,"Inotice,thatinthe centrepagesofphoto'sbyMikeandGrahameJoseph, theyarepuzzledbythegrasshopperonmyCub.

TheseJ3,L4Hplaneswereusedextensivelybythe AmericanArmyinthelastwarandwereknownas Grasshoppersbecausetheyusedtolandinthefield neartheArmy.

MyCubwasusedinFranceduringthelastWarand althoughit was ownedprivatelybeforeIhadit,the markingsstillshowedthroughthepaintunderneath thewings.

TheGrasshopperwaspaintedbyMrs.E.Hoyle. Thoughtyoumightliketoknowaboutit.

Yoursfaithfully, BILLKNAPTON

DearSir,

CHEAPGLIDING

AsaPFAmember,andaGliderPilot,IwasinterestedinMr.R.Top'sletterinNovember'73issueof PopularFlying, andImustagreewithhim.Gliding,as inotherformsofflying,isnowarichman'ssport. HoweverI,andelevenlike-mindedfriends,thinkwe havefoundananswer.

Mr.TopmentionshisfatherhadFUNflyinga primitivegliderfromahill-site.Wearebuildinga hang-gliderwiththeviewtohavingsome"FUN FLYING"—cheaply.

ThetypewedecidedonistheVolmerJensenV.123. Thisistheonlydesignwithconventionalcontrol surfaces,offeringmanoeuvreabilityandsafetyplusan L/Dof1:9.Thisishighperformancesincemostearly gliderdesignsonlyachievedL/Dsof1:7to1:9,as Mr.Topsfathercannodoubtremember.

Iwouldbehappytoexchangeideasandinformationwithotherinterestedpeople.

Yoursfaithfully, JOHNDICKENS

14ROCKINGIIAMCOURT, RUSHDEN NORTHANTS.

"WOOD"V"TIN"

Sir, Severalrecentissuesof PopularFlying havecontainedarticlesandlettersfromMemberscriticising "tin"aeroplanesandthepeoplewhoflythem.

IamsurethatmanyMembersoftheAssociationwill sharemydislikeforhiscontinualsnipingatasection oftheaviationcommunitywhoflytheonlyaeroplanes thatarecommerciallyavailable—"tin"aeroplanes. Presumablytheyenjoyittoo.

Iamsurealsothatmanyofthe"tin"aeroplane brigadewouldbequitehappytoflyawoodenaeroplane,butunfortunately,suppliesofthelatter,many ofwhichwerebuiltbeforethepresentgenerationof youngpilotswereagleamintheirfather'seye,are rapidlydwindling,duetorot,gluefailure,woodworm, shakesinthemainsparandotherafflictions.

"Tin"aeroplanepilots,itseems,arealsosynonymouswith"nosewheelpilots".Now,Ilearnttofly onaCessna150;Ialsoconvertedtoatailwheelaircraftandcannotseewhatallthefussisabout.When Iwasastudent,thebarflyerstoldmethatIknew nothingaboutflyingifIhadnotflownatailwheel. Rubbish!

Onethingiscertain,whichevertypeofaircraftyou fly,thereisverylittledifferenceintheair,itfliesjust thesameonceitisofftheground.

JusttoproveIamnotbiased—asIsaidbefore,I learnttoflyina"tin"aeroplane.Iambuildinga woodenaeroplane,andIhaverecentlybeenflyingan aeroplaneofcompositestructure.Whynotjustgiveit arest,chaps?Nodoubtthepeoplewhoarebuilding Spriteswillagreewithsomeofmyremarks.

Yourssincerely, DAVIDBUCKLE

MORTONCARRFARM

NUNTHORPE,MIDDLESBOROUGH TEESIDE

MIGNETHM.380

Sir, RethearticleonFleas,my'Killer'isprogressing againafterafewmonthsrecessforordinarywork.

TheprojectNo.1513HM.380L(forFrancois Lederlin).ThisisamodelHM.380withwiderwing spansteeltubefuselageandcartypedoors.Ihave almostcompletedthelargerwingandhavemadethe rudderandfinflaps,flapspars,mainspars,allribs (48ofthem)tipbowsandaloadofmetalfittings. Boughtthesteeltubereadyforthefuselage.Fitting thetipbowstakesmoretimethanonewouldimagine. Theywouldhavebeeneasierifsquare.

Iamwritingabuildingdiarydescribingeverydetail ofhoweverylittlepiecewasmade.Thishasproved mostusefultoreferbacktoaftermysevenmonthsof recess.

IwondersometimeswhyIpickedonthisdesign.I can'trememberwhy,butIamtoofarcommittednow toscraptheproject.

ItisaremarkableaircrafthavingflowninitatOld Warden.(EAAmeetlastMay.)Itwasputintothe stall,whichitdoesn'tstallassuch—justaslightbob ofthenoseaboutevery10secs.andthenatightturn toportthenstraightawayintoatightturntostarboardanditseemedtoturnalmostinitsownlength verylittleheightbeinglost.Duringanormalturnit firstskidsandthenbanksintoaperfectturn,theball staysinthemiddleatwhateverrateofturnisdone. oftenwonderiftherewillbeanyvolunteerstotest flyitwhenthetimecomesorlikeFrancoisshall probablyhavetodoitmyself.Theprototypehasbeen flyingsince1964.Willtheauthorofthe"Fleas" articlepleasefinishbydescribingthemodernFleas whichhavebeenprovensafetoflyandasdescribedby GeorgesJacquamin.Itsgreatersafetyisadangerin itselfasitgeneratescomplacencyonthepartofthe pilot.

Yoursfaithfully,

JiM BRAYSHAW YORKSHIREHUSSARINN MARKINGTON

HARROGATE YORKS.

DearSir,

THEBEDEBD-5

ThankyouforpublishingourletterinyourDecemberissue.Wewouldhowever,likeyourreadersto knowthatBedeAircraftInc.haveannouncedaprice reductionontheBD-5Dwiththeresultthatthe adjustedfigureinEuropeisnow5228$F.O.B. Newton.Thismeansthata"5D"(basic\TERaircraft) completewithU.K.GeneralPurposeCofA,freight anddutypaidandinclusiveofV.A.T.totalsabout 0,200.

[hisoffer,however,onlystandsfirmuntilApril 1974,whenthepriceistobereviewedaccordingtothe scaleofproductionfinallydecideduponbyBede.

Bestoflucktoyourexcellentpublicationin1974— despiteallthedifficulties.

Yourssincerely,

BROCKMOOR-BEDEAIRCRAFT

DearSir,

VINTAGEAIRCRAFT

Followingthesuccessofthefirsteditionofthe VintageAircraftDirectory,ithasbeendecidedto publishthebookonanannualbasis.Consequently,I amcurrentlyupdatingtheentriesinorderthatthe 1974editionwillbeascomprehensiveaspossible.

Shouldanyreaderbeindoubtastowhatconstitutesa"vintageaircraft",thiswasdefinedasany aircraftbeing25ormoreyearsoldorareplicaofsuch atype.

Iwouldliketoappealtoanyreaderswhomayhave comments,corrections,photographsorfurtherdetails toaddtoanyoftheentriestocontactmeassoonas possible.Similarly,anyinformationconcerningaircraftwhichwerenotincludedinthefirsteditioneither througherrororbecauseofnon-eligibilityatthetime ofitspublicationwouldbeequallywelcome.

Yourssincerely,

FLYINGISFUN

Sir, IwasgladtoreadinyourNovember/December issuealetterfromRoy\Milksqualifyinghisremarksin hisletterpublishedintheMay/Junepublication.

Asaverynew(andproud)holderofaBrown licence,Inowknowenoughtoknowhowverylittle Iknow.(Ifyoucanfollowthegrammar.)

ThePPLleavesonedangerouslyignorant,butthat isnoexcusetodoawaywithit.Idonotthinkthatany licencewilleverhelptoovercomeman's—and woman's—folly.Alittlehumilityisthemostimportant qualificationforapilot.Likesomanyllearnedona Cessna150(andwasthevictimofsomanycracks aboutthreeleggedpilots).Beingmarriedto'You knowWho,'IwasnotallowedtoletmyGFTgotomy head.IwastakenfromtheCessna(thewellknownat Shoreham,LimaKilo)andputstraightawayintoa Cub,tobetaughtjusthowlittleIknew.

Thebriefmoralofthisletteris—can'twehavea littlelessknockingfromonekindofpilotatanother kindofpilot.TheGOODpilotcanflyanunderpoweredbi-plane;amiddleagedgentleman'sCherokee:heorshecannavigatebyrailwaylinesandmaps, andknowhowtouseVORandalltheotheraids.

Woodandglue:nonradio:tailskidandall,outof afanner'sfieldcallsforonekindofskill.AnIMC rating(andplease,please,pleasearadiolicence)calls foranotherskill.Can'twemake1974ayearfordoing everythingbetter.Learningmore,andappreciating howlittlemostofusknow.Thereissomuchchat abouthowtheotherchapisalwayswrong.Weare thePopularFLYINGAssociation,andthatcovers ConcordestoTigers.SocouldthePFApilots'New Yearresolutionbe'IwilltrytorealisewhatIdon't know—and,maybe,learnit.'

HappyNewYear(andanIMCrating)toallreaders. JENNIFERPOTHECARY REDWINGS

KIRDFORD

(UK)LTD.

GORDON RI LEY FLAT 4, 30BELMOTROAD RORTSWOOD,SOUTHAMPTON HANTS.

"SAPIIIRE"

APROJECTBYJOHNSIZER

3VIEWCLAS/SAPP-HIRE° SINGLE-SEATSINGLE-ENGINED LOW-WIN4MONOPLANE.

This'planewasdesignedtobebuiltbycraftsmenof ordinaryskillandofmodestmeans.Thesimplestconstructionalmethodshavebeenusedthroughoutand everyefforthasbeenmadetousethelowestpriced materialsconsistentwithmeetingofficialrequirements.

Thelongestpartof "Sapphire" tobebuiltinone piece,isthefuselagewhich,fromfirewalltostern postmeasures13'4".Thewingpanelsare10'long with4'2"chord.Itisonly2ft.wideand3ft.deep. Sowhereveryoucanbuildasmallboatyoucanbuild this'plane.AsonewhohasbuiltbothboatsandaeroplanesIcanassuretheintendingbuilderof "Sapphire" that'planebuildingisamorepleasantactivityand doesnotcallforthephysicalhardlabourdemanded byboat-building.

Therearelotsof"finicky"jobsabouta'planeconstructionbutyouquicklygettheknackandtheyare soonoutoftheway.

Themaindetailsof Sapphire are:—

Type—Low-wing,single-seat,single-enginedmonoplane.Generalaviationuseonly,non-aerobatic.

Engine—V.W.1200c.c.convertedfor'planeuseto DonPeacock'sspecificationsanddrawings.

Wing—Sprucespar-websandbooms,rib-cappings, rib-posts,with3plybirchribgussets.Noseribs, birch3ply.Dragbracingof5cwt.wirerope, splicedends,tensionedbyturn-buckleswire-locked.

Covering-1 mmBirchthreeply.LeadingedgeFabric (EgyptianCotton,5.F.8)stitchedonanddoped.

Fuselage—Spruce longerons,uprights,diagonals, cross-members.Plycoveringsides,topandbottom.

Forwardofcockpittopdeckingaluminiumsheet shapedcowl.Forwardbulkheadforenginemountingplywood.Plywoodseatonsprucebearers withattachmentsforsafetybeltsandshoulder harness.Therearetwolaminatedbulkheadsatthe cockpit,locatedtopickupwingsparsforeandaft. Thesebulkheadbottom-membersaremadeupof laminatedspruceandbirchplywood,andtheytake thewingrootattachmentfittings.

Thewing-strutsaresecuredbyboltsthrough metalfittingsboltedtoeachtoplongeron.

Provisionismadeforthefittingofa3--;-gallon fueltankaheadoftheinstrumentpanel.The instrumentpanel is ofplywood.

Attachmentpointsareprovidedforundercarriagestruts,tailskid,tailplaneandsternpost,in additiontoflyingcontrolunitattachmentsand mountings.

Undercarriage—This isasimplebracedsteeltube structurewithrubberbungee(cord)shockabsorption.Thestraightaxleandthevee-legsaremade fromsteeltubing.Wheel-brakesarefitted.Wheels are16"x4"withplainbearings.Thetail-skidis madefromtwothicknessesoftemperedsteelstrip, puttogetherintheformofaleaf-spring.Thereisa smallcast-ironllatskidshoeboltedon.

FlyingControls—The aileronsarecontrolledbymeans oflight-alloytubestoplatelevers.Differential aileronmovementisprovided.Thecockpitendisa joystickwithrockingtube.Adjustmentisprovided bymeansofscrewed-endsandlocknutsatthetube ends.Aileronshave30upmovementand15 down.

ElevatorControl—is bymeansofcablesandpulley andcrankedleversfromthejoystick.Theelevators havearangeofmovementof25upand25down. Turnbucklesareprovidedforadjustment.

RudderControl—The ruddercontrolisbymeansofa rudderbar,lever,cablesandpulleysandadjustment isbymeansofturnbuckles.Therudderbarposition isadjustabletosuitvaryingleglength.Elevatorand aileronsaremass-balanced.

EngineControls—There isapush-pullthrottlepriming facilityandtherearetwinmagnetoswitches.Starting isbyswingingthepropellerbyhand.

Propeller—This islaminatedspruceandwalnut,54" diameterand33"pitch.

FuelSystem—A 34gallontankiscarriedaheadofthe instrumentpanelandbehindthefirewall.Thistank canbeeitherlight-alloyorfibre-glass.Thereisa gravity-feedtotheenginepump.Thecontents measuringisbyasimplefloatingdip-stick.Thefiller capisontopofthecowlingaheadofthewindscreen. Asimpleventisprovided.

EngineInstallation—Any ofthePeacockconversions ofV.W.enginesof1200c.c.to1700c.c.canbeused. Otherenginesofsimilarpowerandweightcanbe used,butapartfromatrialinstallationoftheContinentalA65onthedrawingboardIhavenothad timetolookatthesuitabilityofotherpowerplants. Iwouldverymuchliketoconsiderputtingthe Franklin2A-120twininfrontbuthavenotbeen abletogetaninstallationdrawingofitsofar.

"SAPPHIRE"

Single-engined,low-wingmonoplane,single-seater. Opencockpit,fixed-pitchairscrew.Non-retracting undercarriage.Allwoodconstruction—fabric-covered. Non-aerobatic,normalcategoryloadfactors.

Areas:

Tailplane(incl.elevator) R.A.F

Wing(incl.areaoffuselage) andailerons101sq.ft.

Tailplane 10-00sq.ft.

Elevatorstotal5-85sq.ft.

Fin 4-28sq.ft.

Rudder 2-77sq.ft.

Weights: Empty 380lb. Loaded 600lb.

Loadings: Wing 5-95lb./sq

Power 15lb./H.P.

Performance: Stall50m.p.h(80km./hr.)

42rn.p.h(67-2km./hr.)

Cruise75m.p.h.

Max.speed82mp.h.

Engine:

30. (9-3m.2) (1-06m.2) (0-60m.2) (0-42m.2) (0-26m.2) (172-2kg.) (270-0kg.)

.ft.(25-4kg./rn.2) (6-8kg./H.P.)

Poweroff Poweron (120km./hr.) (128km./hr.)

V.W.conversionstoDonPeacock'sspecifications. 1200c.c.to1700c.c.Weights,loadingsandperformancequotedisfor1200c.c.engine.

SWELL SEVENTYTHREE

RELIVETHEGREATESTLIGHT AEROPLANERALLYOF1973WITH ACOPYOFTHISPFSPECIAL.

Price:40p plus5ppostage.

GIPSYANDCIRRUSORIGINS

byJohnPothecary

Inthefirsttwoarticlesinthisseries,welookedat enginesdevelopedforthelightaeroplanecompetitions atLympne.

Thattherewasnosatisfactoryoutcomeofthesewas morethanprovedwhenAlanCobhamflewtheDH53 HummingBird,fittedwitha730ccBlackburnTorntit invertedVtwinengine,toBrusselsfortheDecember 1923exhibition.

Withtheaidofatailwind,theflightwasmadefrom StagLaneatacostof7s.6d.andadvertisedonarrival as "Lepluslonguecrosscalm/pivoldunearieltede 6c.r.effectuc'jusqu'acedoor".

Theinevitableheadwindwasofcourseencountered onthewayhome.Beingovertakeninasnowstormby agoodstrainconvincedCobhamofhisnonexistent groundspeedandlandingatGhent,theaeroplanewas shippedhome.

The1924competitionatLympnewasfora2-seater of1150cc(i.e.about28bhp).

SidneyCammevolvedthewinningdesign(The Cygnet)—butonlytwoweremade.

GeoffreydeHavillanddeclaredtherequirementto beimpractical,havinginmindanaeroplanethatwould befastenoughtocompetewithgoodstrains!

Theminimumhorsepowerneededforatwoseater aeroplanewasgoingtobeatleast60hp,butnoengine lightenoughwasyetinexistence.

WenowgobackintimetotheendofthefirstWorld WarandtheformationoftheAirDisposalCompany orAirdisco,tosellMTsurplusaircraftandengines.

Oneoftheseengineswasthe80hpRenaultV8and oneofAirdisco'semployeeswasayoungmancalled FrankHalford.Inthepostwaryearshedevelopedthe oldRenaultbyfittingaluminiuminsteadofcastiron heads,andbyfittingoverheadvalvesinadditionto otherrefinements,andeventuallyachieved140hp, renamingtheengine'Airdisco..

By1923Halfordwasafreelanceengineerdoing developmentworkforArmstrongSiddeleyandAston Martin,andwhenapproachedbydeHavillandwasat firstdoubtfulofSirGeoffiey'sideaforanengine,but latercameroundtoSirGeoffrey'swayofthinking whichwastowedtheAirdisco'scylindersandvalve geartoanewcrankcaseestimatedtoproduce60hpfor under300lbs.

FinallyHalfordagreedtoengineerit:theAir DisposalCompanytomanufactureitanddeHavilland wentaheadtodesignthefirstreal'LightAeroplane' whichwastobetheDI-160.G-EBKT,flownfromStag LaneonFebruary22nd,1925.'Moth'wasthename oftheaeroplaneandAirdiscochosethename'Cirrus' fortheengine.

Almostovernighttheoutlookforthelightaeroplane waschanged.TheGovernmentgaveftnancialassistancetotheclubsandinthesecondhalfofthetwenties over400MothsalonewerepoweredbytheCirrus engine.

OriginalboreandstrokeoftheMk.1was105x130 mm:sweptvolume4.5litres.TheMk2and3Cirrus wereboredoutto110mm.4.94litressweptvolume. The3rdCirrushadanincreasedcompressionratioof 5:1,givingMaxBHPfiguresfortheseriesof68,78, and94.repectively.

TheA.D.C.changedtheirnametotheCirrus HermesEngineeringCompanyandduetotheirother commitments,theregularsupplyofMothengineswas anincreasingproblem.Theirrisingpricewasanother worrytotheD.H.management.

deHavillandhadmadeaflatwatercooledtwinin 1910.Whyshouldhenotdoitagain?

ThegreatFrankHalfordwascalledinwithorders toproduceasuccessortotheCirrusandtoachieve 100hp.

GIPSYIII

STARBOARDVIEW

ShowingoutsideZoilGalleryofearly111'sandMajors.Note'dipstick'castingforGipsy1&2crankcasejustaftof cart.airintake.

DrawingwascommencedinOctober1926andthe firstproductionenginewasdeliveredinJune1928. D.H.hadalifelongloveoflepidopteraandchristened hisnewengine'Gipsy'.Duringthesummerof1927, however,theprototypeengineof5.23litres,5.5-1 compressionratio,andoperatedto135hpat2650rpm. hadbeenmakinganameforitselfintheDH7ITiger Moth.(Hereitshouldbepointedoutthatthisboreno resemblancetothefamiliarworkhorseofthe40'sand 50'sbutwaselegantlowwingracingmonoplane).

InthebandofChiefTestPilotHubertBroad,a worldrecordforthe100kmcircuitwassetup,of 186mph,andonanotheroccasion19,000ft,was reachedin17minutes.

TheproductionGipsywitha5-1compressionratio wasgivingamaximumhpof100andswiftlyshowed itsreliability.

Duringthefirstfourmonthsof1929anexamplewas flownfor600hourswithonlyroutinemaintenance, andattheend,replacementscostonlyf7.2s.I1d.!

ItwasonlynaturalthattheGipsyMothshouldwin thefirstKing'sCupraceitwasenteredin.

Bytheendof1928,theGipsy(andMoth)ofcourse wereknownaroundtheworldandtheWrightCorporationofAmericawereproducingthematarateof20 perweek.

Beinganuprightengineithadwetsumplubrication; theoilfillerneckbeingonthefrontofthecrankcase forwardofthecylindersandadipstickatthesideof thecrankcase.

LookataGipsyMajorI—thefilleranddipstick positionarereadilyapparentasthesamecastingwas usedforuprightandearlyinvertedengines.

TheUprightGipsy1,theMk.I.onwhichitwas necessarytotakeagreaseguntotheexposedvalve gear,hadaboreandstrokeof114x128mm,Mk.2 114x140mmandMk.3118x140mm,respectivehp being100,120and130.

ThemajorchangeintheserieswastoinverttheMk. 3andsogivethepilotabetterviewfromthecabin monoplanethenbeingevolved.

TheGipsyIltwasdevelopedintotheGipsyMajor. This,andits6cylinderrelativeswillformthesubjectof anotherarticlein PopularFlying.

CAVALIERSQUADRONNEWS

SincethelastCavalierarticleappearedin Popular Flying mostofthebuildershavebeenplodding steadilyawayattheirprojectsandacouplemoreprogressreportshavebeenreceived.

GrahamHomeismakingsteadyprogressonhis fuselageandtailplaneandhasdonealotofresearch intoseveralaspectsofCavalierconstruction,including theavailabilityofthespringsteelgearlegs.Graham haspromisedtosortoutsomeofthisinformationand passitonandwithabitofluckitwillbeinthenext issue.

Whilstonthesubjectofgearlegs—theolddrawings callforRockwellhardnessC50toC52.Thisis incorrectandshouldbeC39toC46.

HarryB.YardleydroppedalinetotheSquadron recently.TheprojectwasstartedinJanuaryandthe airframeisnowcomplete.Mr.Yardley(who,Ishould add,isretiredandworkingdailyonhisaircraft)says theplansareverydetailedandhehasnotencountered anymajorsnagsapartfromthecut-outintheailerons whichrequiredabitofstudy.Thiscut-outcanbe enlargedslightlytofacilitateinsertionofthehinge pins.

Myownaircraftisprogressingquitewell—justthe noseribsand"D"boxtofitandthewingwillbecomplete.Themetalfittingsare90%completetoo,and theaircraftshouldbereadyforcoveringintheSpring. Severalnewconstructorshavehaddifficultieswith thewingmountarcawhenlayingoutthefuselage sides.Thecorrectsolutionhereistopositionrib"0" asshownontheplans,thenadjustthebottomlongeron andthedepthoftheframestosuit.Iftheframeswere madefirst,buildthemupwithastripofspruceorplane themdownasrequired.

AcouplemoreCavalierstooktotheairintheUSA. recently.Bothbuildersareverypleasedwiththeiraircraftandreport"excellentperformance."

Forthosewhomisseditthefirsttimeround—the primarypurposeoftheSquadronsistoanswer buildersquestions,therebyreducingtheworkloadon PEAengineering.

WiththecontinuedexpansionoftheStrutmovement,theSquadronsmaysoonbecomeredundant.

Anycommentsonthis?

DENHAM TheAerodromeduringtheFifties

byMikeStapp

Anaeroplaneglidedlowoverthetreesandthesmall boylookedup,wonderingwhereitwouldland.He pickeduphisbikeandrodetotheedgeofthewood andcame,forthefirsttime,totheairfield.Thelight blueMagisterhadlandedandwastaxi-ingtowardsthe hangar,othersofitskindstandingabout,withan occasionalAusterorTigerMoth.Herewasanew world.Ibaddiscoveredflyingandmylife,asformany others,changeddirectionthatday.

Breathlessly,IenquiredofthefirstreallivepilotI methowmucharideinanaeroplanecostandwastold that10shillingswouldbuyashortflightinaTaylorcraftAuster.AnhourcostO.Needlesstosay,Idid everykindoferrandpossibleduringthenextweekand wastherewithmy10/-toflywithoutdelay.Iwas12 andIknewthiswasforme.Myparentswerenotas easilyconvinced,buttheClub,thenrunbyMr.&Mrs. Nightscale,waskindenoughtotakemeseriouslyand Iwentsoloimmediatelyaftermy17thbirthday,with thehelpofsomehardearnedglidingalongtheway.

SpinningwasdoneintheTigerMothandawhole 3000'ofairspacewasavailablerightabovetheairfield. ModernAmericanaeroplaneswereunheardofandthe ClubflewtheonlyremainingD.H.600MothMajor inthecountry.Ihadtwoflightsinitbeforeitwas destroyedinanaccident.Aroundtheairfieldwerea HawkMajor,variousProctors,theMagistersofthe DenhamFlyingClubandaveryrareparasolmonoplanecalledaHirtenberg,unfortunatelyalsoextinct, now.ThevenerableSpartanArrow,withfolding biplanewingswasalongstandingresidentanda diminutiveChiltonD.W.I.singleseatultralight occasionallygracedthecircuit.

Noneofthiswasreallylongago,butitisofa differentageinaviation,and,afterarapidcompletion

courseontheAirSchools'ChipmunksatElstreeasa cadetIreturnedtoDenhamtoflyMagisters,which was,initself,aneducation.

Allthefuelpumpswereoperatedbyhandandwe hadtheadvantageofthetaxrebateforaviationfuel, longsinceforgotteninthemodernageofflight.

Oneday,thefirstPiperColtIeversawappearedat Denhamandthecourseofprivateflyingchangedfor ever.Theimportrestrictionsweregoneandthe fly/driveagehadarrived,althoughthiswasnot apparentatthetime.AdetachmentoftheAirways AeroClub,thenresidentatCroydon,operatedthe AusterAigletTrainer,thenconsideredquiteadvanced. Croydonwas,ofcourse,theMeccaofaviationanda cross-countrytherewasanoccasionindeed.Most frequentvisitorwastheTigerMoth,aseveryone seemedtoflythemandthereseemedtobeaninexhaustiblesupplytoreplacethemanythatwere broken.

Denhamhaditsshareoffirstclassairdisplays duringthiseraandalthoughnotquiteaswellknown astheHendondisplays,whichsurviveduntilthe 'fifties',eventssuchasAustertestpilot,Ranold Porteous,demonstratingtheirlatestoffering,leftthe audiencebreathless.Oneoftheseaircraft,Aiglet G-AMYIcametoliveatDenhammanyyearslater andlookedverymuchathome.

IlittlethoughtIwouldsucceedmyinstructorsat Denham,buttwentyyearspassedsilentlyandswiftly andnowIamwonderingwheretheyallwent,asI briefastudentforhisfirstfalteringstepsintothesky. The'fifties'werethelastlingeringbreathofflightas itwasinthosefar-offpre-wardays,whenfreedomwas almostcomplete.HowgratefulIameventoseethis smallpartofitbeforeitwasgoneforalltime.

HirtenbergG-AGAK,onceafamiliarsightatMikeStapp'sDenham(PhotoAlanHyatt)

AerosportScampBi-plane.Note—thisisnotasyetanapprovedPF4design,andthearticleispresented foritsinterestvalue.

AEROSPORT"SCAMP"

HOLLYSPRINGS,N.C.—HarrisWoods,general managerofAerosport,inc.,hasannouncedthathis firmhasreleasedKitsandConstructionPlansonhis newsingle-placeall-metalBiplane.Theproduction prototypeoftheKitairplanehasreceivedCertificate ofAirworthinessandtheyarenowbuildinguptime ontheaircraft.Todate,fivedifferentpilotshaveflown thelittlebiplane,dubbedthe"SCAMP",andallhave beenmostenthusiasticaboutitsflightperformance andhandlingcharacteristics."Unlikesomecompanies."Woodsstated,"wearenotafraidtoletother pilotstryoutourairplanes.Ourphilosophyisto designasimple,honestairplanethatanyaveragepilot canflyoutofandintoanypasturestripandnotbe confinedtohardsurfacerunways."

TheCompanyisofferingthe"SCAMP"biplaneina KitwhichhasallthecriticalanddifficultpartsfabricatedbytheAerosportfactory.Theairplaneusesthe well-knownVolkswagenengineasitspowerplant."We donotfurnishtheengine",Woodsexplains,"forthese enginesarcavailabletheworldover,andmany builderscansupplytheir:ownenginesmoreeconomicallythanwecan."

Woodswasasked,"Howlongwillapersonhaveto waittoreceivehiskittostartbuilding?"Justabout aslongasittakesforhischequetoclear,"Woods answeredwithasmile."Wehavebeenbuildingparts inadvanceofreleaseofpublicityandweareallsetto go.Itisnotourphilosophytomakethecustomerwait forhispartswhilethebugsarebeingtakenoutofthe airplane,norofferanythingtothepublicthatwehave notpreviouslybuiltandtestedtooursatisfaction."

Thelittlebiplaneisstressedfor6Gspositiveand 3Gsnegative,whichputsitintheaerobaticclass."It isnotinthe"PittsSpecial"categorybynomeans," Woodssays,"butithasenoughmanoeuvringcapabilitytopermittheaveragepilottodoafewrollsand letoffsomesteam."Theall-metalconstructionfits neatlyintotoday'stechnologyandtheconstruction proceduresWoodshaslaidoutforthebuildermakes thebiplaneanexcellent'first-time'builderproject.

Thenovelfeatureaboutthe"Scamp-isitstri-gear. Mostbiplanesarethoughtofashavingconventional gearandtailwheel."With80oftoday'spilotsbeing proficientonlyintrigearaircraft,wehadtorecognize thefactanddesignabiplanewhichtheycouldflycomfortablyandsafely,"Woodsstated.

Performancespecificationsofthebiplaneare impressive.Emptyweight,520lbs.;grossweight, 775lbs.;powerloading(VW1834)11.4lbs/hp.;Wing loading,max.gross7.37lbs/sq.ft.;wingarea105sq.ft.; wingspan17.5ft.;manoeuvringspeed83m.p.h.; cruise95m.p.h.;max,divingspeed125m.p.h.;stall speed43m.p.h.andrange250miles.Theforegoing figuresareoftheprototypeairplanewith220lb.pilot andtheVW1824ccengine.Enginesthatcanbeused inthebiplanearetheVW1600to2200ccengines.

LUTONMINOR PRAGASTYLE

byDonCarey

ThemotorcameoutofamachinecalledaHilson Praga,whichIbelievewasatwoplacemachine.How theyevergotitoffthegroundwithtwopeopleinitwe shallneverknow.Someofthemmusthavelived—or wewouldnotknowaboutit.

Themanufacturerofthemotorwas"CusicomoRAUSICA-KOWBEN-DENEK"TypePragaB,weight100lbs, Maximumrevs/2400(takeoff),Cruise/2200(36/40HP). Oilpressure,normal15lbs.Oiltemp80"C,Cyl.Temp 200'C.AircraftPerformance:Takeoffat28Kts. Climb36Kts.Cruise58Kts.Vne75Kts.Manoeuveringspeed46Kts,stallpoweron19Kts,poweroff 25Kts.Soyoucansee:averysafemachine.

Thehistoryofthisaircraftisquiteinteresting.Itwas startedsome12yearsagoinBendigo,wassoldtothe Hearnbrothers,justafewpiecesofwoodgluedtogether,andstayedthatwayforabout7years.ThenI cameintoitandwithafriendwegotcrackingand5 yearslater,heypresto,finished.(Bloodyhardwork!!!)

Theplansweretheold PopularMechanics whichwe altered(?)tosomedegree;however,theoriginaldoor inthesideisstillthere:wehadtomakeaspecialfitting whichisstructuraltothepointoflinkingupthetop longerontostopanyswishingeffect.Wealsodesigned ourownundercarriage,thewheelsofwhicharethetail wheelsofftheold(veryold)"AvroAnson"drilledor ratherturnedoutandsleevedwithselflubricating bushes,hencegetoffthegroundassoonaspossible!!

Emptyweightwas517lbs.A.U.W.750lbs.Wedid

notcoverthetopdeckingwithfabric,insteadwe coveredthewholefuselagewithj6"ply,hencethe extraemptyweight.Weputinan8gallontank,which usedtogivemeasafeflyingtimeof31hours,ifyour backsidecouldsufferit.Anotherveryenjoyable innovationistherelieftubeputinbesidetheseat allowingthecallsofnaturetobeansweredatleisure, particularlywhenflyingoverunfriendlyterritory.We didnotputonatailwheelasIdon'thaveanybrakes, soitisveryusefulinthatrespect.Nowfortheflight characteristics:TheonlythingIfindnottomyliking istherateofclimb:ofcourse,thepenaltyoflowpower. Stallingisapleasure(thatisifyoucanstallat19kts, wellImean!!!)noviceatall;reallyaverylovable machine(cheaptoo).

TheairfieldIflyfromiscalledBerwick,alittletown ontheMelbourneSydneyhighway,averylovelyspot, itisalsothehomeoftheGovernorGeneral,Lord Casey,onwho'spropertyIhadtheLutontestflown withhisblessing.Infacthewastherehimselftoseeit flyforthefirsttime,soofcourseIamunderViceRegal consent.Heisaverykeenaviatorandhiswifestillhas herlicence.Ibelieveshewouldbeseventyifshewerea day.

(Sincewritingthisscriptforus,DonCarey'sPraga engineblewuponhimataflyingdisplay,and;vasacompletewriteoffTomaintainthe"statusquo"orasnearly aspossible,Donhas.fittedaJAP99engine,butthatis anotherstory.—ED.)

Agoodviewoftheinfamousmotor

(PhotoDonCarey)

Popular Flying,January-February,1974

AMATEURBUILDER'SQUIZNo.II

Compiledby G.W.Bisshopp,T.Eng.,A.R.Ae.S.,A.F.S.L.A.E.T.

1.Theidealconditionsfordopingare: temp.0-20deg.Chumidityabove60%. temp.18-21deg.Chumiditybelow70%. temp.below20deg.Chumiditybelow50%.

2.Forclass1sprucetocomplywithBS2V37,the slopeofthegrainmustnotexceed: 1in9 1in12. 1in15

3.Controlcablesmaybecheckedforfrayingby: placethecableunderatensionoftwicethe workingloadandtheninspectwithamagnifyingglass. runyourhandalongthecableandcheckfor snags.

runapieceofragalongthecableandcheckfor snags.

4.L36Aluminiumsolidrivetsmaybeidentifiedby: colouredblackandmarkedAonheadortail. naturalcoloured. violetcolouredandmarkedwithAonheador tail.

5.Ifcrankshaftismountedbetweenveeblockanda dialtestindicatorusedtomeasuretheamount ofbow,theamountwillbe: twicethe DTI reading halfthe DTI reading theDTIreading

6.Blindrivetsthatarenotsuppliedwiththeirown mandrelsarecalled:

Tucketpoprivets

Avdelrivets

Cheobertrivets

7.YouraircrafthasaVneof150knotsandyou haveobtainedanair-speedindicatorwhich readsupto140knots.Wouldyou: fittheASIandnotexceed140knots. extendthescaleto150knots.

buyanotherASI

8.Thepurposeofmassbalancingcontrolsurfacesis to: reducecontrolloads. preventflutter. provideautomatictrim.

9.Whenstandingwithyourbacktothewind,the areaoflowpressureis: onyourleft. infrontofyou. onyourright.

10.Whenflyingnearanaerodrome,asignalfromthe groundconsistingofasteadyredlight,or a redVerysignalindicates: permissiontolandcannotbegiven,landat anotheraerodrome. landingtemporarilysuspended—wait. returntoaerodromeandwaitforpermission to land.

LutonPragaMinor

(PhotoDonCarey)

PAINTSCHEMES byDanBarker

Howoftenhavewebeenputoffanitem,justbecause wedidnotlikethecolourscheme?Thisappliestothe correctcolourswronglysetout.

Aircraftarenoexception,likecarsandmanyother thingsitisthecolourschemewhichdiffersanup-todatemodelfromanoldmodel.Taketheearly'Mini' motorcars,whichwereplainanddrabcomparedwith thelatestmodels.Why?Itisbecausenewercolour schemeshavebeenapplied.Asimpleexampleof correctlinesmaybedemonstratedwiththe 'Smiley Badge'. Thisisasimplelinedrawing,and,byreversing thelineofthemouth,weconvertahappyexpression intoasorryone.(Fig.1).

Itmaybeinterestingtotryapatternonthetopof ahighwingorbiplaneaircraft,insomepartsyoumay evenbeabletobuildupaninsigniawhichwillidentify youraircraft,suchasashieldwithyourinitials.You canalsotrythesameideaonthetailorfrontengine cowling.Agoodexampleofinsigniasonaircraftis seenwiththe'RothmanTeam'aircraft.However thesemotifsneednotbecomplicated.tomake.Take forexamplethewriter'sownmotif (Fig.3), wherewe haveasimpleformofarrowheadwithinitialssuperimposed.Itneedonlyhaveaslightvariationtogive aninsigniasimilartoB.O.A.C.Youmaywish totrysomethingalittlemoredaringlikeacometand tail;youcancreatemanysuchsimpledesignswitha littleexperimentationwithafewlines;thiscouldthen beusedas your insignia,soyouraircraftwillbespotted frommanysimilartypes.

Asimplewaytodothewingmarkingsistofixtwo lengthsofcolouredtapefromthetrailingedge,over thetopofthewingandunderitbacktothetrailing edae.Withtwosuchlengthsadistanceapart,paintin thesectionbetweenwithadifferentcolourandmake adistinctivefeaturewithoutrequiringalotofskillor bother.

(fiell)

Haveyoueverrealisedthatinthesamemannerwe canaltertheappearanceofouraircraft?Justalineor twocanmakeormarour'prideandjoy'.So,howdo westart?Onewayistodrawanoutlinescaledrawing ontoasheetofcardboard.Withasharpknifeand scissorscutitoutandremovethebitswhereyouhave thewingandtailunit.Wecannoweasilymakeas manypatternsasweneedbyusingthecut-outasa template.

Havingouroutlinedrawings,itisnowsimpletofill intheotheressentialdetails.Inthismannerwecan getoutlinesoffuselageandwingbythesamemeans. Wecanreverseeithertogetareverseprofile,soby gettingtheoutlineofonehalfwing,wecaneasilydraw apatternonthewholewing.

Wearenowinthepositiontostartafewsketch patterns,tofindwhichsuitsourrequirementsbest. Havingreachedthisstagewerecalltheeffectofthe 'SmileyBadge', wellastraightlinefromspinnerto tailmayhavethesameeffect.AsweseeinFig.2we havetwosquares,butonehasuprightlinesandthe otherhorizontallines.Whenwelookhardateach, oneseemshigherandtheotherseemswider.Inthis waywecangiveouraircraftsimilarlinesandalterthe impressionofitsshapeandlength.Theselinesare knownas 'CheatLines' becausetheycheatyourimpressionoftheshapeoftheaircraftorcar.

Nowtryafewcheatlinesonyouroutlines.Find outhowtheycanchangethelookofyourdrawing, theycanalsoaffectthelookofyouraircraftandgive abasefordesign.Havingtriedlines,nowputinafew curvesandlinesatanangle.Theseonthetailunitor wingswillgiveitcharacterandinthiswaywestartto buildupourpatern.

(fig.2)

Afurtherwayofimprovingthelineofyouraircraft istogiveyourregistrationlettersaslightslant,thisis oftendoneonmodernmodels,sowhynottryityourself,nexttimeyoudoawinterlay-up?

(fig.3)

COLOURS

Wearemostfurtunateinthisdayandagetobeable toget,notonlyalargeselectionofcolours,butalso alargeselectionofshadesandblendsofcolours.So ifwewantadaintylook,wechoosethebrightcolours. Ifwewantaheavylookwehaveadarkercolour.But aninterestingthingtonoteisthatifyouhaveone pieceofdarkcolour,theimpressiongivenisthatof weight.Butrunahorizontallineoflightcolouracross thatdarkcolouranditsplitsuptheimageandmakes itlooklonger;thisistheeffectofthecheatline.You mayaskyourselfthereasonforthechangeineffect. Itisbecausetheeyehastheattentionofthebrighter colour,thenthedarkercolourbecomesthebackground.Ontheotherhand,ifyouhavealargeareaof brightcolourwithahorizontaldarklineacrossit,the imageintheeyeisdividedintotwowiderbright imagesandhasaneffectofspanningoneortheother ofthetwopartsasopposedtoanupanddown (vertical)scan,thusgivingtheimpressionoflength. Sobythecarefuluseofcolourswecanvastlyimprove theappearanceofouraircraft.Allthatnowremainsis totryoutthepointsmentionedinthisarticle,then perhapswemayhaveanewawardatSywell,itbeing aprizeforthemostattractivecolourschemedesigned byaP.F.A.memberforhisaircraft.Wemaythenhave evengayerandbrighterSywell'sinthefuture.

FORTHEPLEASUREOF VIEW:

OnTopoftheWorld"bySheilaScott,281pages, illustrated,publishedbyHodderandStoughtonLtd., St.Paul'sHouse,LondonEC4P4A11.

Inthisdayofnear-sonicairtravelforthemasses therearethosewhoquestionwhatisachievedby breakinglightaircraftrecords,whichinthemselvesare somuchslowerthanscheduledairservices.However, eventhemostchauvinisticmalepigcannotdenythat SheilaScotthasmoreenterprise,ambitionandguts thanmanyamereman.ThislatestbookbyMiss Scottisapottedbiographyofherearlieryears, followedbyblow-by-blowaccountsofherwellknown epicflights,culminatinginherequatortoequatorvia thepolerecord.Thebookiseminentlyreadable, althoughthestyleissomewhatflowery.Readersmay wellshudderatthereportedmechanicalandelectrical defects,andsuggestionsofsabotage,butmaywell profitfromthesecond-handexperience.PersonallyI mustadmireMissScottforherabilitytopurchasea £50,000aircraftwhilstlowinfunds.Thereareclearly degreesofhard-upness!

"TheDangerousSky—AHistoryofAviation Medicine"byDouglasH.Robinson,292pages, publishedbyG.T.Foulis&Co.Ltd.,50aBellSt., Henley-on-ThamesRG92BJ,price£5.35.

Thisis NOT repeat NOT atreatisefortheaviation medicalspecialist,butratherafascinatingstoryofthe wayinwhichmedicalsciencehashelpedinthe developmentof"higher,fasterandfurther".Starting withtheearlypioneerballoonflights,theauthor,an amateurpowerandsoaringpilot,workshiswaythro' tomoderndayaerospacetechnology.

Thereismuchinthisvolumetointeresttheaircraft historian,includingmanyusefulreferencesand40 blackandwhitephotographs.Oneomissionwhich Britishreadersmayfindstrangeisthecomplete absenceofanyreferencetotheMartin-BakerCo.in thesectionwhichdealswithejectorseats,thisdespite theresearchworkexpendedandthesuccessobtained bythecompanyinthisfield.

"TheGuinnessBookofAirFactsandFeats"byJ.W. R.Taylor,M.J.H.TaylorandDavidMondey.288 pages,31colourillustrations,242blackandwhite illustrations.PublishedbyGuinnessSuperlatives Ltd.,2CecilCourt,LondonRoad,Enfield,Middlesex EN26DJ.Price£2.95.

SometimeagoIwaspresentedwithacopyofthe GuinnessBookofRecords,andnaturallyturnedto thesectionwhichmighthavebeenexpectedtodeal withaviationrecords,onlytofinditvirtuallynonexistent.Sowhenthisnewvolumeappearedonce againIsoughtatabulatedlistofhomologatedFAL records—yes,you'veguessed!Suchalistdoesnot appearinthisvolumeeither!

However,asmightbeexpectedwithsuchaformidableeditorialteamthebookcontainsinnumerable usefulandfascinatingfacts,andisextremelywell presented,althoughtheomissionofalistofillustrationsistoberegretted.falsodeprecatethereference tothewordGnomeamongstthediminutivesasthis particularaircraftwasnevercertificated,orsubjected toaformaltestprogramme.

"FlyingFury—FiveYearsintheRoyalFlyingCorps" byMajorJamesT.B.McCudden,V.C.,D.S.O., M.C.,M.M.,CroixdeGuerre-365 pages. "FightingtheFlyingCircus"byCapt.EddieV. Rickenbacker-296 pages BothvolumespublishedbyBaileyBros.andSwinfen Ltd.,WarnerHouse,Folkestone,Kent,price£2.50 each.

Thesebooksareneweditionsofworkswhichwere originallypublishedshortlyafterthefirstWorldWar, andwhichhavelongbeenoutofprint.Thereisthereforenodoubtthatthesevolumeswillbeeagerlysought bytheaviationenthusiast,fortheyareamongstthe mostreadableofflyingbiographiescoveringthatera. Whatacruelblowoffateitwaswhichenabled McCuddentoachievesomuchatatimewhenthelife ofapilotatthefrontwasmeasuredinweeks,onlyto bekilledinaflyingaccidentattheageof22.BycontrastRickenbackersurvivedthewar,becominga seniorexecutivewithaU.S.A.Airline,andonly recentlypassedaway,agrandoldmanofaviation.

Thesebooksarecopiouslyillustratedwithphotographs,andatthemodestpriceof£2.50eacharea mustfortheenthusiastsbookshelf.

DIARY DATES

POPULARFLYINGispublishedon thefirstdayofJanuaryandthereafter onthefirstdayofalternatemonths.No advertisementswillbeacceptedlater thantendaysbeforepublication.All advertisementstobesentto:AdvertisementManager,PopularFlyingAssociation,TerminalBuilding,ShorehamAirport,Shoreham-by-Sea,Sussex.

Semi-displaypercolumninch£2.50. Lineage(minimumthreelines)perline 35p.Discounts:seriesofthree5%. Seriesofsix15%.Agencies10%.

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Anyadvertisementcostinglessthan £1.25mustheprepaid.Pleasecrossall chequesandpostalordersandmake payabletothePopularFlyingAssociation.

RADIO

RADIOSTALTRANSCEIVER withDF facility.Suitabletwoseater.Somecrystals £35.00.Box250.

SHORROCKS12 CHANNELradiofor sale£95-00.WantedTransceiver2woutput.Swinn,Swainby,Northallerlon, Yorks.Telephone:HuttonRudby700553

WANTED. Drybatteryoperatedtransceiver,headphonesandmikesuitablefor ultra-light.Gough,Upleadon,Newent, Gloucester.Tel.Newent820331.

PROPELLERS

PFAAPPROVEDPROPELLERS for VW1200and1500engines.PFAapproved propellersformostMikroninstallations. Thebestpropellersoftheirkindinserious productionanywhere.ContactRoyWatling-Greenwood,Uckfield,Sussex,3242.

RWGPROPELLER, suit1200ccto 1500ceVWengine.Run40hoursonly.As newcondition.Oneowner.£40o.n.o.Roy Watling,Greenwood,Ridgewood,Uckfield,Sussex.Tel.:Uckfield3242.

MISCELLANEOUS

WANTED. Interesting colour/bwaviation films,16mm,silentortalkie.Detailsto LaurieMansfield,Hazlebank,Ditchling Common,Hassocks,Sussex.BurgessHill 3160.

WANTED. Drawingsofenginemountto takeContinentalA65engineforLuton Majorbulkhead.C.Macartney,80 MarshaltownRoad,Carrickfergus,N.Ireland,Carrickfergus3127.

WANTED. Pairof500x50wheelswith brakessuitableforTaylorTitch.Details pleasetoSteveWard,AirSquadron, 14/20H.BFF'O15.

WANTED. Aviationbooksandmagazinesforenthusiasticprivatecollector. Pleasestateconditionandprice.D.F. Faulkner-Bryant,OaktrceCottage,Founthill,Newick,Sussex.Newick3407.

PLEASE don'tthrowawayyouroldair displaypostersandprogrammes.Send themtoagoodhome.StuartMcKay,16 ThatchersDrive,Maidenhead,Berkshire. MANFREDRICHTOFEN. Anyoneinterestedinthisman?Ifyouhaveanyrelics ofhissuchasliterature,photos,piecesof aircraft,clothingetc.,letmeknow. Romford46156.

WANTED. PhotographsofMilesMessengerG-AKBM.StuartMcKay,16Thatchers Drive,Maidenhead,Berkshire.

WANTED. CrystalsforRadiostal,also refuellingfacility.JohnWright,Monewden,Woodbridge,Suffolk.Telephone 047-337-223.

WANTED. PartlifeLycoming0235or 0290(notGPU)withlogbook.S/H360 channelradioADFandVOR.Anything considered.5StaplersReach,Rowney, Gosport,Hants.PhoneFareham4217.

PROPELLERHUBBLANKS(EN24T). £3.00eachplusp.&p.ContactJeffrey, MillCottage,LittleClanfield,Oxon. TelephoneClanfield370.

55I014GAUGE ColdworkingSteel suitableCavalierengine/wingmounting brackets,etc.£1.00sqft.Wanted,two Tyrcs,6-00x6"and5"or6"Nosewheel. TelephoneHavant5615.

"BD-5SYNDICATE nearBigginHill seeksanothermemberwithengineering expertiseandtimetospare.Oxted3583".

PFAAPPROVEDPROPELLERS

WANTED. Photographsofany29or54 SquadronMeteoraircraftbasedatR.A.F. Tangmere1953-55.Saleorborrowto copy.DetailstoStuartMcKay,16 ThatchersDrive,Maidenhead, Bucks. V.P.1BUILDERS. Havealmostallhardwareandcertifiedspruce,plywood.Two newLucasS.R.4's.Cessnawheels, brakes,tyres,u/clegs.Streamlinestruts, Setsofdrawings,manyotheritems. Tel.Redcar2l68.

SECONDHANDV.W.ENGINESand partsavailableatrealisticprices.S.A.E. withrequirements,also-Fourlengthsof releasedV.P.wingtubing40"eachlength, anyusetoanyone?J.Coxon,4FarmWay, Darfield,Barnsley.Tel.Wombwell8233, WANTED.ForPFAcolourtransparency collection.Haveyouanyspare35mm slidesofPEAtypeaircraft,Homebuiltor Vintage,Britishorotherwise? If soplease sendthemtothePFAOfficeforagood home.Sendoneofyourownaircraftif youcan.

WANTED.Hasanyoneanyunmade plasticaircraftkitstheywouldliketo? Ifso,pleasewritetoAlanDunn,130 AbbeyRoad,Sompting,Lancing,Sussex withdetails.

INSTRUMENTS

DIRECTION IndicatorsVacmimunused originalboxed£5.Phone:Preston718559. 1914-1918P.ATTERN aircraftinstruments wanted,alsodashboardlamps,wind drivengeneratorsandfuelpump.Tate, 8WaveneyDrive,Belton,Gr.Yarmouth, Norfolk.

ENGINES

VWCYLINDERHEAD drillingservice. 1200and1500headscateredfor.You supplyheads,wedrill,supplyplugsand extralongspanner.ContactRoyWatlingGreenwood,Uckfield,Sussex3242.

WANTED. CirrusMinorengine.Please statehoursSMOHandprice.MikeStapp 01-868-0819.

LYCOMINGGPU, partlyconvertedbut needingoverhaul.£150.AlainMirouze, Vallieres,74150Rumilly,France.

WANTED.Examplesoffollowingand otherinterestingearlyorlatepiston engines,preferablyunbent-Allison, BMW,Daimler-Benz,Griffon,Jumo, Leonides,MercuryorPegasus,Sabre. Parris,Littledene,Speldhurst,Kent, TN3OJX.Tel.:Langton2148.

WANTED.Continentalengineparts. MarvelSchebler.Carburettor.OilSump, startermotor.EnginebearerforContinentalengine.Tel.022-026-2951.

LYCOMING 75hp.GO145C-3complete withaccessories,mountingandpropellor available.Zerohourssincemajoroverhaul. Tel.Stubbington3128.

AIRCRAFTWANTED

R.WATLING-GREENWOOD

Ridgewood,Uckfield,Sussex Tel.:Uckfield3242

PEDALAIRCRAFT wanted.Doyouhave apedalaircraftwhichalmostsucceeded? I maybuyit!DetailstoS.G.Hutchinson, 26DunnygarronRoad,Cullybackey, Ballymena,N.Ireland.

WANTED.Fourseataircraft.Anything considered.Write:A.W.Winslow,2St. LukesTerrace,Pallion,5R46QN.

PopularFlying,January-February,1974

VWCylinderHeadMachiningServiceEl5-50including10mm PlugsandLongSocket

AIRCRAFTFORSALE

LONGRANGELUTONMINORfor sale.19gallonsfuelcapacity.3igphwith A65engine.Cruise70knots200Orpm. Cockpitspeciallyadaptedforlonglegged pilots.MaybcseenandflownatRedhill, byappointment.£800.N.Cranfield, BroadstoneFarm,ForestRow,Sussex. ForestRow2457.

AUSTERMkVminusengine.Wings recovered.£300.00.Telephone0494-35342

ABSOLUTEBARGAIN.DamagedAuster Autocrat.Cheapatonly£175.Telephone UlsterFlyingClub.Newtownards3327 or3906.

FURTHENGINEDMotorFaIke.2seat motorglider,£1,450oroffer.34Bucksey Road,Rowner,Gosport,Hants.

BENSENGYROCOPTER,72hp.McCullochengine.Dualseatgyrogliderwith gimbalhead.Trailer.£900ono.Lenneston Lodge,TheAerodrome,Sherburnin Elmet,Nr.Leeds

"FOURNIERRF-5forsale.G.P.C.of A.toApril1974.Justresprayedand cockpitretrimrned.£4350.BigginHill 75333".

MOTORSPATSF24B,SINGLESEAT poweredsailplane.Hirthengine,nilhours S.M.O.H.Airframe140hourstotal,12 monthofCofAImmaculate£1,650.P. Lloyd,Greentiles,MiddletonLane,HuttonRudby,Yorks.Tel.:HuttonRudby 700961.

SPOONERAVIATIONareofferingona "oneoff"onlybasis.TheAcroResources (McCulloch)T.2.SuperGyroplane G-AZWZ,TTjust68hr.2seat100mph. newCofA.£7,950.Partexchange welcomed,canbedemonstratedatShoreham.Tel.Shorehlm61661

LUTONMINORG - ATCN.Prestinecondition.Built1965byD.Peacock,only150 hoursairframeandoverhauledengine. SpecialCategoryCofAuntilMarch1974. ShorrockV.H.F.radio_CohnChapman, LotusCarsLtd.,Norwich.Tel.:Norwich 26638.

BRANDNEWV.P.I.nowcompletely finished,allpaperworkuptodateand readytobetestflown.£650(costmenearly £900)emmigrating.R.C.Wright.Romford46156.

TAYLORMONOPLANEforsale,partly builtwith1200ccVWengine,prop,instruments,fabric,dope,undercarriage,etc. £300thisislessthanmaterialcostalone. E.J.Rogers,ChwarelGoch,Fachwen, Caernarvon,NorthWales.

LATESMALLADVERTS

(Unclassified)

UNUSEDMaCAULEYKlip-TipPropellorLM7144,7Iin.dia.x44in.pitch, anyoffers?Tel.Heathfield(Sussex)3436.

JODELF-11-3,80"„complete,fully certifiedtodateContinentalC90,Prop. GoodyearWheels,Tyres,Brakes,Tubes, Fittings,Materials.Savethreeyearswork! Greenwood,StratfordonAvon5941 (office),HenleyinArden2893(home).

EAGLEIIIHighperformanceSailplane. CofA.Fullyinstrumentated.2new parachutes,baragraph,radio.Intendedto operatefromParhamPark,Storrington, Sussex(newsiteofSouthdownCi.C.). Half-share£600.BoxNo.300.

.10DELDR1050DRAWINGSrequired. RonSouch,46YardleyRoad,HedgeEnd, Southampton.Tel.Botley2355.

UNUSEDTaylorMonoplanePlans£8. DonPeacockVWPlans£4,Pair£11. NewallKThorntonClose,Easingwold, Yorks,Tel.21055.

FABULOUSFRED

STOLperformanceonVWorLawranceengines.De-rigsand rigsaseasilyasaglider.Roadable.Plansincluderoadfittings. Easytofly.Cheaptobuild.Longestsinglecomponent12'9' long.Plansconsistof25highlydetailedsheets.

PerSet-£15.01.1

Informationsheet,3viewdrawing,photograph-50p.

ERICCLUTTON,92NEWLANDSSTREET,SHELTON, STOKE-ON-TRENT,STAFFORDSHIRE,ENGLAND

Badges:Printed,washable,non-fade.Embroidered,goldandsilverwire. Ties:Wovenorprintedmotifs.Fromonedozen. Pennants:Specialsashesorpennants.Sendsketchorcopyforquote.

ALECBROOK(Dept. 24). A.D.B.LONDONLTD., 57BLANDFORDSTREET,LONDON,W,I. Telephone:01-486-2021/2/3

SHAREinaJodelGroup:£150plus£4 permonth&£3.50perhour.Forfurther detailsTel.Flitwick3257.

NIPPERMkIIIG-AWDA.1500ccEngine.CurrentCofA.only280hoursTT, TipTanks,90ChannelVHFRadio. MagnificentOriginalCondition.£1350. Tel.Preston863130.

DAMAGEDorPartBuiltultralight wanted.B.Houghton,6AshGrove, ClockFace,St.Helens,Lancs.Tel. MarshallsCross812769(Home),Rainford3934(Work).

WANTED.CirrusMinorenginein workingorder,wouldconsidertimeex piredenginesuitableforrebuild.Details toDFFB,OakTreeCottage,Founthill Newick,Sussex,Tel.Newick3407.

TigerMothParts

ForSale

Completelistsofnewpartsavailable andalsodrawings and manuals.

Manypartsingoodconditionfor sale.

Alsorestorableitemssuchasfuselagesandwings.

S.A.E.forliststo: HOWARDGRAY HENDONAUTONME Co_ 32BRACKENHILL CLOSE, BROMITY,KENT 01-160-6140

BARGAINofferNipperkits.Twovery advancedNipperkitsforsale.Fuselage, wingaileronsandrudderstructurally complete;readyforfittingoutandcovering.Tailplaneandelevatoralready covered.95%ofallfixturesand fittings includedonlysimpleitemsmissingfor whichtemplatesand/orjigsaswellas drawingsareavailableonfreeloan. Positivelylastchancetoownanew Nipper.Canbeassembledandflyinglong beforeSywell'74.Priceexclusiveofengine andinstruments,050perkit.Contact D.Antal,Loughborough2209(after 8.0p.m.)

WANTED-URGENTyourStrutMembershipform.Pleasereturnassoonas possible,evenifyoudon'twanttojoina strut.Theinformationisinvaluable.Help ustohelpyou.Returntheformstothe PFAofficeatShoreham.

WANTED.ForthePFA'srecorddepartment,CopiesofPopularFlyingas follows:AnyuptoVol.7,Vol.8No.1, Vol.9No.2,Vol13Nos.3,4,5&6,Vol. 14Nos.1,2&3,Vol.16Nos.3&4and SywellSupplement.Pleasecontactthe Editorsifyouhaveanyofthesespare. ManyThanks.

WANTED

JULY5th-7th,1974

YOUANDYOUR AIRCRAFTAT SYWELL

FLYINGONA BUDGET?

Whynothavemoretospendonyouraeroplane andequipment.

Ourcredittermsforinsuranceneedcostyou nothing.

ALLTYPESOFAIRCRAFTINSURANCE

Accident,LifeorEndowmentCover forPilotsandPassengers

(DoesthePassengerLiabilitySectionofyour Policycoveryourfamily9)

InsuranceagainstlossofFlyingLicence

TRAFFORDFACILITIES

LTD.

AssociatedInsuranceBrokers

151HATFIELDROAD ST.ALBANS,HERTS. TelephoneNos.:54967&52396

VOLKSWAGEN AIRCRAFTENGINEPLANS

for

AmateurConstructors

Doncaster Sailplane Services for

HOMEBUILDERSSUPPLIES

G.L. I aircraftbirchply0.8mmto5mm. Fabric-2weightsforsupportedandunsupported areas.

Dope—tauteningandcolouretc.

Jointingcompound—forwood/metal. Spruce,DouglasFir,WhitePine,Ash,gradeA. A.S.V.S..compassesetc.etc.

S.5I4and5.510steelsheetandtubes Controlcablemadeuptoorder. Cavaliermaterials.

Cavalierplansandallrawmaterialtobuild. Fibreglassandresin,releaseagent,pigmentetc. Sends.ae.forpricelist

YORKROAD,DONCASTER

0302-65381,-61713,4355

Nowrevisedandre-dimensionedinmetricaswellas Britishunits,thesehighlydetaileddrawingswillenablethe HomebuildertoconvertanyV.W.engineupto1600ccs.at verylowcost.Mostoftheoriginalengineisusedaswellas partsfromothervehicleswhichareeasilyandcheaplyob-. tained.

Lifetimeadviceisofferedwiththeplanswhichcomprise 30sq.ft.ofdrawingsandover15,000wordsofinstructions. Manyenginesbuilttotheseplansarenowflying. Completeplans£6.00airmailanywhereintheworld. DonaldG.Peacock,MeadowCottage,TheHeath,Ardleigh,Colchester,Essex.Tel. Colchester 230446

Ifit'sintheair...it'sin AIRPICTORIAL

Bewellinformedonairaffairs—whetherold ormodernaircraft—withtheworld'sfinest airmagazine,AIRpictorial.

OyerIDOpictureseachissue.colour.factual authenticfeaturesthatmaintaininterestand addsoyourenthusiasm.Readiteverymonth.

Atnewsagentsfirstofeach

Januaryissue disclosesderails of RoyalNorwegian Air Force.LOT PolishAirline;the man whoflewa gliderintoYugoslaviain World WarII;Harrier trialsfromInchon aircraftcarrier andmuch, much mere.

IIyouhavenotyet seen AIR Pictorialsendyourname andaddressandSpstampforFREEspecimencopyto AIRpictorial.SeymourPressLtd.,334BrixtonRoad, London,SW97AG. PublishedbyPopularFlyingAssociation(PFAULAIRLTD.)onbabarofthePanularFlyingAssociation.TerminalBuilding.ShoreharnAirport. Shoreham-by-Sea,Sussex,PrintedinGreatBritainbyCrownPrinters.Morriston.Swansea