Popular Flying July/Aug 1975

Popular Flying 4A

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JULY-AUGUST1975

Popular Flying

Edited1).1 ALANDUNN MIKEGIUGSON JOIINHAEFENDEN

Ath-ertising: L.C. MANSFIELD

EditorialAddress:

TerminalBuilding, ShorehamAirport, Shoreham-by-Sea, Sussex.BN4SET

Telephone: Shoreham-by-Sea61616

PFAEXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Presulent:

A/CEI DR.C. J. C.PALL,C.B,D.E.C., M.A.,C.Eng.,F12,Ae.S.

(hairmanD F.FAULKNERBEOANT

Treasurer:

L. SHAW, D.AeC.Eng.,M.R.Ac.S., A.M.S.L.A.ET.

EngineeringOfficer:

F.1V.WALKER,C.EnR., F.R.Ae.S.

CommitteeMembers:

DOUG.BIANCHI

EDWARDDAVIS

JOHNDUNFORD

MEssPATHOLMES

LAURIENIANSFIELD

ROBINOWEN

JOHNPOT]IECARY

TomREAGAN

MIKEVAISEY

13IELWILKS

BILEWOODEIAMS

VYING

Founded1946

Individualmembership:£5.50p.a.

Thefounelthgandrepresentativebodyinthe UnitedKingdoniofaniateurconstructors andoperatorsofultra-lightandGroup operatedaircrak

COVERCOMMENT—

litaScott'sLutonMinoronitsFirst flightfromSlinfoldwithJohnPothecary atthecontrols.

Photo:AlanThum

2-3ENJOYTHESKY—PART5

4FLYING THETIGERFLOATPLANE

5 APILOT'SDREAM

6-7VINTAGENEWS

PROJWIS

9FRIGHTWITIIOUTFORMULAE:

0-Il STRUTNEWS

BUTFORTIIEGRAFTOFGOD

3 CLOUDSOFWAR

4-15LETTERS

6TAYLORMONOPLANEGAXYK

7AIRCRAFTIORTHEHOMEBUILDER

8-19 CHARLIEKILO—CONCLUDINGRI:PORT

0 G-AFFIHYING?FLLA

21BEWARETHEPITCHINGMOVEMENT

1 GROUPNEws

23REVIEW

The dews expressedinPOPULARYNGarethoseofthe connibutorsandnotnecessarRvthoseoftheP.('A.ThePublishers retaintherighttorefifieorwithdrawadvertiseniemsattheirdiscretionanddonotacceptliabilityfordelayinpublicationorfor clericalorminter'serrorsalthougheverycare is taken to avoid mistakes.

EDITORIAL

0 RCP againweareatthethreshold ofanotherSywellRally,onlythis yearitwillbebiggerthanever beforeand,weneedhardlyremind you,itisthebiegestaircraftRally outsidetheU.S.A.Alreadyaircraft arebookedinfromseveralEuropeancountriesandwearcexingvisitorsfromasfarawayas AmericaandJapan,althoughwe don'tsupposethey'llbecomingin anultra-light!Sywellthisyearis recognisedasthe In ternalional RallyoftheYearby theCIACA, whichisthehome-builders'section ofthe Federation.4eronautique Internationale. Wewillalsoforthe firsttimebeholdingFormulaOne airracing,withtheassistanceof theFormulaAirRacing Association,theprizemoneyforwhichhas beensponsoredby NationalOrgans theelectronicorgansalespeople whoalsosponsormotorracing.

NationalOrgans' publicityteam havegoneintoactiontoattracta biggerpubliccrowdthaneverbeforeandthereisevenasugeeston thatwemaygetourselvesontelevision.Allthismayseema farcry fromtheoriginalideasthatthe SywellseriesofPFARalliesstarted withandsomemembersmay wonderwhyweneedapublic spectacleatall.Thereasonisthat nomatterhowmany free volunteer workerswegetonthefield,the equipment,themarqueesandsoon, allhavetobehiredatavastcost thesedaysanditisessentialwe collectsomemoneyoff thepublic (andmembersaswell)tokeepthe

wholeeventnotonlygoingyearby year.butexpandingyearbyyear

YoucanseethatourRallyisall settosurpassthepreviousrecords andiftheEditorialandofficestaff, (heprintersandthepostmenalldo theirstuff,thenthis PopularFlying shouldbeonyourdoormatintime tojogyourmemoryandcomealone andjoininthefun.Comeandsee thelargestcollectionofhome-built andvintageaircrafteverassembled inEurope!

Sywellapart.weareinthemidst oftherallyseasonnowandhardly aweekgoespastwithoutanoticeof anotherrally arriving intheoffice post. Withthe build-upofthestrut systemwearegraduallygettinga cover of strutsovermostpartsof theUnitedKingdmilandasthey becomemoreactiveandarrange theirownfly-ins,soourmembers livingfurtherafieldfromthecentre ofactivitiescangetachancetogo alongand havealookfirsthandat ourtypeofmachine.Onceupona timethecrywas:'itallhappensin theSouthEast'.Notanymore. Moreandmoreofourmembers arewithinstrikingdistanceofPFA activitiesandtheEditorialadvice is—leavethegardeningtillanother day,getoutthejallopy(oraeroplaneifyou'relucky)andcome alongtotheRally you'veread about,enjoyyourselfandgi‘ethe organisersthesupporttheydeserve. Oh!--nearlyforgot—DC)takea camerawithyouandletushavea shotofanythinginteresting.

ENJOYTHESKY Part5

Therewasatimewhentheexcuseforshortagesof essentialgoodsormaterialswas:"Don'tyouknow there'sawaron?'Thirtyyearslaterthoseshortages arestillwithusandonlytheexcusehaschanged.Today itis:"Sorryoldboy,ourcomputer'sontheblink.-

Workon007'swingssloweddownandstopped whenitprovedimpossibletogetany12s.w.g.55I4 steelsheetforthewingrootsandtheflyingstrutends_ Mike,myinspector,andtriedeverysourcewecould discoverwithoutsuccess.Mikeactuallyfoundalirm thathadasheetbatwouldnotpartwithanyofitjust incasetheymightneedsome,inspiteofthefactthat theyhadnotactuallyusedanyofthestuffforyears.

InthecourseofmyannualpersonalCofAf mentionedmytroublestomydoctorwhothoughthe hadasheetofS514inhisgarage.Sowhenhehad signedmeupforanotheryearofdissipationwewent outintothenightandacrosstheyardtoashedthat hadoncebeenthebirthplaceofaCurrieWm.Here wefoundapromisingsheetofsteelofthecorrect gaugewhichIboreoff,rejoicing,tomycar.Alas, whenIgotithomeandexamineditinagoodlightit wasstampedalloverwithitsspecificationNo.5510.

"Ah,well,-Ithought,"There'snotmuchdifference numericallybetween510and514,soIraneupMike forhisexpertopinion.Mikeregretfullyturneditdown. S510,heexplained,isamildcarbonsteelwhileS514is acarbon-manganesehigh-tensilesteel.

AllnightIwonderedwhetherImightnotgetaway withusing5510.1arguedthattheplanscallfor0•090 inchthicknesswhichisnearenough13s.w.g.andnot easilyobtainableintheU.K.,12s.w.e.,whichiswhat Ihadinthegarage,is0.014inchthickness,anincrease of124%.

NextmorninginmyofficeIgotouttheyearbookandturnedupthespecifications.Thestrengthof 5514isgivenas77/100hectobars(whyhectobarsI wonder?)whichgivesaminimumstrengthof50tons persquareinch.Thatof5510isgivenas430/540 Meganewtonspersquaremeter,whichbeinginterpretedisabout27-8tonspersquareinch.Still struggling,TworkedouttheactualloadingonaWinn rootfittingat41-gandfoundthatS5I0wouldnotlook atit.OnlyS5I4woulddo.SoMikeandEvansthe Aeroplanewererightaeain,blastthem.Thavea feelingthatthereismoreinthisspecificationthanmere strengthsincemanganeseisusuallyemployedina steelalloytogivehighresistancetoabrasion,andin awingrootorflyingstrutendthisqualitymaybejust asimportantasstrength.

AsalastresortfwrotetotheManageroftheSpecial SteelsDivisionofBritishSteelwhosecharmingsecretaryrangupwithadviceonwheretogetitwhenit nextbecameavailable.Itseemedthatnoneofthestuff hadbeenrolledforayearbutthatthenextrollingwas imminent.FollowingheradviceandusingthecontactsshegavemeIplacedanorderandreceivedan acceptance.AboutthistimeIsawsome10s.w.g.S5I4 advertisedin PopularFlying andgrabbedasmuchas Icouldgetincaseofafurtherlongdelay.Onehasto coveralleventualities.

InthemeantimeIgotonwithfittingbrakestomy undercarriage.Fhavealwayshadahorrorofthetoe orheelbrakesbelovedoftheAmericans.Ithasnever actuallyhappenedbutfamalwaysworriedabout inadvertentlyapplyingbrakeonlandingwhenallIf wantisabitofrudder.Theoutcomecouldbehilarious forthespectatorsbutunpleasantlysurprisingforme. ThenicestbrakesIhaveeverusedwerethedifferential

pneumaticbrakesontheHurricaneandSpitfire actuatedbyahandleveronthespadegripofthe stick.Tcouldnotaspiretoanythingsosophisticated onaV.P.IbutatleastIcouldhavedifferential,handoperatedbrakes.Brakesarenotrequiredfortaking off,flyingorlanding,onlyfortaxyingandforthisitis nicetohaveadifferentialcapabilitysothatonecan getintoandoutoftightcorners,suchasparkingplaces atSywell.

Imadeupapairofsplitleverswhichpulledon Bowdencableswhichareeasilyadjustablesothatthe leversworktocether.Nothingeasier,youmight think,exceptthatthcydonotmakeBowdencablesin Englandanymore.Onehastobuyamade-uplength ofcablefrontItalyandcutitdowntolength.Theycan behadfrommotor-bikeandscooteragentsorrepairers.Onestartsbycuttingofftheterminalonone endofthewireafterfirstcoatingtheareaofthecut withsoldertopreventthewireunwindingitself.Then thewireisdrawnoutofthecaseandthecasecutto length.Thespareferrulethatonehasboughthasto beheatedsothatitwillslipoverthecaseandits plasticcover.Atone'sfirstattempttheferrulewill distortintheblowlampflame.Atthesecondthe edgescurloverandthenthedamnthingmeltsandyou havetostartagainwithafreshferrule.Startwitha goodstockofspareferrules.Afterfittingthecaseto theaeroplanethecableisthreadedthroughfromthe lever,throuehthecasetothebrakeactuatingarm wheretheendcanbedrawntightandclampedwitha screwdowntypeofterminal.Thencoatthecablewith soldercloseuptothebackoftheterminalandcutoff thestrayend.Everythingisthentapedneatlyinplace, giveafewtentativepullsontheleversandmakethe finaladjustmentssothattheleversaresquaredup together.

Myparkingbrakecostjusttennewpenceand weighsaboutanounce.Itconsistsofaloopofterylene cordwhichdropsovertheknobsofthesplitleversand isdrawntightbyatoggleandlockedinajam-cleat.

Brakeleversawlparkingbrakereatleforacilon

Thejamcleatcost10p,Imadethetoggleoutofscrap andscroungedtheterylenecordfrommyson'sboat. Andso,whenIhavefinishedwiththeparkingbrake itisasimplemattertodisconnectitentirelyandstow itsecurelyoutofthewayandthebrakescanonlythen beappliedbyusingquiteabitofforceonthelevers. ThiswayIcanknowthatthebrakesareoffandcome intolandwithaquietmind.Withthebrakesfitted andnothingelseimmediatetodoontheairframeIhad tofaceuptotheengine.

bedoneontheairframeIcouldfindreasonsfor ignoringit.Now,however,themomentoftruthhad arrivedandIhadtofaceuptoit.

Imadeastartbyremovingalltheaccessorieswhich Idumpedintoacardboardboxunderthebench. Strippeddowntothebareblockitlookedmore menacingthanever.Imadeahalf-heartedattemptto shifttheretaininenutonthepropellerbossandwhen thisprovedunsuccessfulIdecidedtoleaveituntilthe nextweekend.AfewnightslaterIwastalkingonthe telephonetomyfriendRichardaboutpropellerswhen hementionedthathisprojectpartner,amutualfriend andP.F.A.member,Alan,wasanabsolutewhizzwith Volkswagenengines,havingdoneamostsuccessful conversionontheirownpowerplant.Iwondered whetherhewouldbewillingtogivemeahand,ifonly withadvice.Richardthoughthewould,andafew nightslater,afteraglassortwoofalewewentoutto lookat007inthegarage.

Mostofmyfriendsknowplentyaboutboatsbut preciouslittleaboutaeroplanes,soTdonotmind showingoffmyhandiworktothem.Submittingitto expertscrutiny,however,wasaverydifferentmatter, andIconfessItookthemouttherewithmyheartin myboots.However,theyweremorethankind;perfect guestsinfact,andIwouldliketothinktheywerenot justbeingpolite.

Splitbrakeleversandparkingbrakeparked

Formanyamonththisheapofblackandevillookingironhadgloweredatmefromthedeadendof thejigtableandIhadbeenputtingoffdoinganything aboutit,sinceifthereisoneskillIlackmorethan wood-workingabilityitisthatofenginefitting.Many monthsagoataP.E.A.strutmeetingIhadputouta fewtentativeenquiriesaboutenginesandsomeone hadwavedabeermugtowardsthecorneroftheroom andsaid:-Michaelovertherehasanenginehewants todisposeof."

Insometrepidation,ItackledMichael,ayoung professionalpilotofveryconsiderablestandinginthe P.F.A.who,withgreatcharm,talkedmeoutof biddingforhisenginewhichwasahighlyrefinedpiece ofmachineryneedingmoreskillthanIpossessedto getitflyingagain.Howeverheknewofasimple 1600c.c.Volkswagenenginegoingcheapandoffered toputmeintouchwithitsowner.Ithadoncepowered agyro-copterwhichwasbeinggroundrunbyits ownerwhenthethrottlejammedopcnandittookoff withoutitspilot.

Itissaidthataeroplanesoftenflybetterwithout theirpilotsandindeedthereisawellknownand documentedcaseofone,probablyaMoth,thattook offonitsownafterthepilothadgotouttoswingthe propwhentheenginestoppedwhiletaxying,andafter flyingimpeccablyforsometimemadequitearespectablelandingwhenthepetrolranout.Apparently thisisnottrueofgyro-copterssincethisonewaltzed madlyaroundtillithitanobstructionanddisintegrated.

Theenginehaddrivenapusherairscrewandsothe propellerbosswasonthewrongend,andtheupper partofthecrankcaseflangewiththeessentialbolt holeshadbeenturnedoffsothatanewcrankcase wouldberequired.However,theenginehadonlyrun 15hoursfromnewandwasnot,apparently,toobadly knockedaboutsoitseemedagoodgambleatthevery modestaskingprice.Itookithomewithallitsbits andpieces.Iboughtasetofmetricspannersbutthen mycouragegaveoutandsolongastherewasworkto

PopularFlying,July-August,1975

Thentheyturnedontheengine.Theypulledit aroundandpeeredinallitsdarkrecesses.Theyturned outtheboxofbitsandpiecesthatIhadstrippedoffit, andallthetimeIstoodbackinthebackgroundand hopedtheywouldnotcondemnmybargainoutright afterithadterrorisedmeforsomanymonths. EventuallyAlanstoodbackandsaidthathethought thathemightbeabletofindagoodcrankcaseforit, andaflywheelfortrepanningprovidedeverything insidewasinfairshape,andhecouldseenoreason whyitshouldnotbe.Finallytheypackedeverything upandcarteditouttoAlan'scar,whenIrealisedwith delightthatatlastthebrutewasgoingtogetthetreatmentwhichithadforsolongdefiedmetoattempt.

ThenextmorningIwentcarefullythroughDonald Peacock'sexcellentconversionplansandverydetailedinstructionstoabstractandlistalltheaccessoriesandcomponentsthatImighthavetobuyin.Round duralbarIhad,sufficienttomakethespacersthathold theengineoffthefirewall.Aphonecalltoafriend producedapromiseofthel"thickduralplatetocam themagnetos.ThenIrangtherecommendedsupplier forthecarburettorandhitthefirstsnagwhenhetold methattheZenithtwinfloatType32KLP10isno longeravailable.Thismeantsettineintrainanother huntforanacceptablealternative.Thewayofthe aeroplanebuilderisbesetwiththesetime-consuming andfrustratingresearches.Hardrubberfortheengine mountspromisedanothertrailofdetectionsinceA.J.S. motorbikesarenolongermade.Fsupposedthatit wouldallcometogethereventually,butwhen?

AfewnightslaterAlanranguptosaythathehad eottheenginepartand,subjecttomagnafluxing,itall lookedgood.AtthefirstopportunityIranoverto Alan'splacewhereheshowedmemymonsterallin bitsandfinallytamed.ItlookedsoinnocuousT wonderedwhatonearthIhadbeenworriedabout,but thatisalwaysthewayinthepresenceofexperts— watchthefluenteaseofagreattrapezeartistdoinga triplebunt,andthentryityourself,ifyoudare.Alan handedmemyheadstobesentawaytohaveasecond plugholedrilledandthenwewentovertoRichard's placetoseetheirTaylorMonoplanenearingcompletion.IalmostwishedIhadnotgone.Theperfection oftheirworkonlypointedupmyowninadequacies. Icouldneverhaveattemptedanythingrequiringso muchfinesse,andIcameawaythankingGodthatIhad settledforaV.P.I.HeavenbepraisedforMr.Evans.

FLYINGTHETIGERFLOATPLANE byMIKESTAPP

ReaderswillbepleasedtohearthattheTiger FloatplaneisagaintakingshapeatRedhillinpreparationforaflyingseasonand,apart from asmall numberofflyingboatsintheU.K.itremainstheonly vintagefloatplaneontheregister.Iwasveryfortunate toflyitwithfellowTigerClubmemberKeithSissons. formerflyingboatCaptain,beforeitsunfortunate accident.

OurflyingtookplaceatCamber,ontheSussexcoast andFrittonWater,Norfolk,wheresuitableinland stretchesoffreshwaterwereavailable,sincethesalt contentofseawatermakesmaintenancemuchmore expensive.

TheTigerhadadditionalh.p.oftheGipsyMajor10 engineandanelectricstarter.whichmadeitmuch easiertomanage.asthealternativewastostandona floattoswingthepropellerfromtherearILwasnot toohardLogooverboardasthiswasquiteabalancing act.

Apre-flightinspectionincludedbalingoat14 chambersofthefloats,withcarefulsitingforthestart, alinebeinghelduntiltheenginewas-runningsmoothly, sincetheTigerhasveryshallowdraughtandwillsail intoreedsinanylightbreeze.Lifejacketswereworn. asLhefloatplanecanoverturnifnothandledcorrectly.

Taxi-ingwasfairlysimple,withwater-rudders loweredbycableattherearofthefloats.Theylost effectiveness.however,iftaxi-ingwastoofastand fastertaxi-ingcouldonlybedoneatamuchhigher speed'onthestep'ofthefloats.

CheckswereasanyotherTiger.exceptthatthe waterrudderswereraisedwhenlinedupintowind, ir thewaterwasverycalm,itwasusefultotaxiquite rapidlydownwindtorufflethewateralittle,then take-offovertheaffectedarea,sincefloatsarereluctant tounstickfromsmoothsurfaces.

Balancewithrudderwasverydelicate,asthenatural directionalstabilityofalandplanedependspartlyon therearfuselageareawhichisactiveinanyslipsideways.Inthiscase,therewasplentyoffloatside-areato thefrontofthefloatplane,withrathertheopposite effect,sotherudderhad 110 reallydirectfeelandhad tobecarefullyusedallthetime,orturnswerevery muchoutofbalance.

Onceatasafeheight.itisclearthatthefloats reducespeedandrangequitedefinitely,about10 m.p.h.beinglostinthecruiseandonlyreclaimedbya ratherhigherpowersetting.

Across-countryflightthereforerequiresalotof planning,sincetheforcedlandingisaproblemand normalrefuellingplacesaredeniedtofloatplane pilots.ThetaskofmovingtheaircraftfroinCamber toFrittoninvolvedcarefulselectionofestuaries,inlandwater,etc.withspecialfacilitieslaidonfor provisioning.

Thetake-off,usingheavyrudder,withitsextra cablesforthewaterrudders,wasstartedcautiously. withsteadyapplicationofpowerandthestickquite wellback.Theaimofthisisto theaeroplane ontothestepofthefloatsanditrisesnoticeablyupin thewaterwhenthenecessaryspeedisreached.Atthis point,thereisplenty or dragfromthefloatsandairframe,sothestickismovedjustfarenoughforwardto giveasmoothaquaplainngattitude,withtheleast possibledrag.Thefloatplaneacceleratedwellafter thistoflyingspeed,butcarehadtobetakennotto 'digin'thenoseendofthefloats,whichwouldresult fromlownoseattitude,givingshowersofsprayand muchdrag,perhapsevencausinglossofcontrol.

Theaileronsareoflittleuseuntilintheair,asthe floatsarcwideapart,butassoonasthefloatplane unsticks,thewingshavetobekeptlevelwithfairly largemovements.Itisslowtoreachasafeclimbing speedandtheextradragandweightofthefloatsis immediatelyapparentastherateofclimbisalsoquite low.

Anyapproachtolandisverymuchbestmade directlyintowindandinanyglide,therateofdescent isverymuchhigherthanthelandplaneTiger,asthe noseisqtntelowtomaintainasafespeed,overcoming thehighdrag.Thusapracticeforcedlandingwasa ratherswiftdroptowardsasmallgravelpit!Bestfor thenewpilotisapoweredapproach,sothattherate ofdescentmaybesafelycontrolled,withacombined round-outtoquitehighnoseattitude,combinedwith reductionofpower,resultinginaquiteshortlanding, alltheshorterirthestickisthenkeptwellback.This isvery!muchlikethearrival or ducksandswansand, asintheircase.atake-offrequiredmuchmorewater spacethanthelanding.

Thebiggestdanger,apartfromoverturning,isundoubtedlyswampingtheengineinspray,asthe ignitionmaywellshortoutandstoptheenginecompletely,leavingyouatthemercyofthewind.todrift outofcontrolintoanobstruction.

Theremedyhereistheanchor.keptintherear locker,whichishurledoutandonehopeswillsecure thefloatplaneuntilthematterisrectified.Foraconversiontotype,however.examinersandexperienced instructorsareinveryshortsupply,despitethe glorioushistoryofmaritimeaviationwhichtheU.K. hasenjoyedinthepast.

TheCAAwillrequireaknowledgeof TheCollision Regulations(Slaps&Seaplanesonthe14ther) and SignalsofDistress(Ships)Orderal1965, leadingtoa shortwrittenexaminationfortheputposeofthe PPL. afterwhichatestwithaCAAapprovedpartyisflown.

Therefore,a PPl, (Seaplanes)ispossibleandthe TigerFloatplaneisundeniablyauniqueexperienceas wellasbeinggreatfun.Welookfinwardtomany years or aquaticTigering.Darewehopeforanexpansioninthisarea! I hope so, as rMOMS circulate aboutotherinterestingseaplaneprojectsunderconstructionattimeofwriting.

A PILOT'S DREAM A.J.

"Thevisibility,"saidaLondonflightcontroller, "isunlimited.•Toonepilotinparticular,however,the long-rangewordswerelost—strappedsecurelyinside thestreamlinedcockpitofhisfirstaeroplane,hishead wasalreadyintheclouds—andhehadnotleftthe ground.

For20longyears,DavidEllis,36,anelectrical engineerofWestWay,Pinner,haddreamedoftheday hecouldaffordtohaveanaeroplaneofhisown.

His20-year-olddreamhasatlastconictrue—the smallcomputerconsultantcompanyheandacolleague set-upafewyearsbeforeinPinner,prosperedbeyond theirexpectations.David,whoismarriedandhastwo smallchildren,nowownsthe'planeofhisdreams'and recentlyatDenhamairfieldhetookitforaspin...

Toweredshaftsofgoldenwintrysunlightglinted acrossthepolishedperspexofthewindshield,as David,aformergliderpilot,taxiedhisgleaming machineovertheairfield'scrispygrassandturned ontotherunway.

Aroarfrontthe'plane'stuned-up145h.p.engine, suddenlytransformeditsshinypropellerintoadazzlingdiscofshimmeringsilver,andtheaircraftsurged forward.Controlstickforward,atouchofleft-rudder toholdherstraight,and,almostatonce,thetailwas flying.

Followingtheflashingblurofthepropeller,andin lesstimethanittakestobatagoggledeyelid.David wasairborne—racingatnaughtfeetabovetheturfat 70,80,90m.p.h.Aquickbackwardflickonthecontrol stick,andLondon'slatestdeHavilland"Chipmunk" ownerwasscorchingskywardsatnearly60feeta second.

Cheshire

Peerinadownfrom800feetabovethetinyseaof upturneerfacesofflyingfriends,filledhimwithexcitement.Hegavethecontrolstickagentlepushforward. Instantly,asplashofgildedcountrysidehurtledupto meethim.

AsDavidpulled-upfromhisexhilaratingdive,and bankedsteeplytowardsthcairfieldforalanding,the groupofenthusiasticpilotsand'planespottersbelow rushedforwardtogetabetterviewofthesmartly paintednewcomer.

Momentslater—lookout,rabbits...

Atouchofleft-rudder-and-right-stick,sentDavid hurtlingsidewaysbetweenapairoflow-flyingtree tops.Then,aquickflashofperimeterfence,followed byasuddenblurofathousandgrassblades,andfinally, arollingrumblereverberatingthroughtheairframe,as tuftsofswiftlyflattenedturfslowedthespinning wheelsandbroughthisdream'planetoastop.

"Amagnificentaeroplane."wasDavid'sverdict, afterhisspiritedflyingdemonstration."Iusedto dreamaboutChipmunks—neverthoughtI'down one",headded—withacontentedchuckle.

The"Chipmunk"wasthe'planeinwhich,in1952, H.R.H.PrincePhiliplearnedtofly,andtheaircraft that,17yearslater(1969),PrinceCharles--following infather'sfootsteps—alsowonhiswings.

KnownaffectionatelyasChippie,bythosewho haveflownthesimple,sturdy,trainingaeroplane,the - Chipmunk"—whosecolourfulhistoryspansaperiod ofoveraquarterofacenturyofpost-waraviation— wasoncedescribedbyadeHavillandtestpilot,as: "The'planeforPrincesandPlumbers".

"Head-in-the-clouds-pilot,DavidEllis,standingonthewingofhis"Chipmunk",afterhisflightatDenhamairfield.

JohnBeeswax's VINTAGE NEWS

PracticedayatFinmere

Whentheirflypastwasovertheycameinoverthe hedgeabitbunchedupforthelandingonthenarrow runwayandtwohadtoovershoot."Let'sgetthis spacingsortedout.-VintageClubsecretaryTony Haroldisahardtaskmaster—asastuntpilotworking thesummerairshowsfortheBarnstormershehas learnedthehardwaysafetymeansprecisetimingand goodairmanship.Nowheispassingonhishard-won expertisetotheclubmemberswhoaretotakepartin theforthcomingclubcalendarofevents."Whatever happensinthepattern,"hetellsthegroupofpilots assembledinthewarmthofthecontrolcaravan, "don'tstraggle,...youmustallbebackonthe groundbytheassignedtimesothismeansspacingout yourfinalstogiveyourselfjustenoughlandingroom. Theleaderhasextraresponsibilitytoseethatallaircraftintheflypasthavesufficienttimetolandand cleartherunwaybeforethetimedeadline.-

Usinghishandstodemonstratemovementand

attitudehegoesontodescribeturningtechniquesto compensateforthevaryingaircraftspeedsbeforeconcludingwithacompletebriefingfortheformation teams.Thatthesepracticedayshaveapositivevalue fromthesafetyaspectcannotbedeniedbutatthe sametimetheimprovementindisplaytechniqueshave earnedtheVintageAircraftClubanannualinvitation totheeversafety-consciousShuttleworthTrustatOld Warden.Somepilotsarereluctanttoattendpre-ffight briefingsessionsbuttheClubruleis 'nobriefing,no fly'. Anditpaysoff.

TigerandJackaroobreakawayfollowingacloseformationpracticesession.

(Photo:StuartHowe)

Old1001

Justlikeaskylarksingingawayupintheblue summersky,avintageSiemans160h.p.sevencylinder radialgrowlsoutitssongtotheaerobaticrhythmofa sweetlittleswept-wingbiplanefaultlesslyloopingand rollingitswaythroughathree-dimensionalballetsome 300feetabovetheground.Withaflashofyellow wings,owner,pilotandaerobaticenthusiastMike StowecompleteshisdisplaywithaflickrollandthreepointshisbeautifulBuckerJungmeisterbesidethe VintageClubcontrolcaravan.

ErnestGannhasdescribedtheBuckerBu.133Jungmeisterasthebestaerobaticaeroplaneintheworld andMikeStowewouldagreewithhimwholeheartedly. Removinghishelmetandgoggles,hepattedthe fuselageofG-AXNIandtoldofitshistory.Originally builtin1936itistheonlyGermanmadeJungmeister intheU.K.Theairframeconstructionnumber1001 wasthefirsttobefittedwiththethennew160h.p. Siemansengine,earliermachineshavingusedthe lowerpoweredHirthengines.Thecolourfullifeofthis diminutivebiplanewasnearlyendedin1970whenit crashedatIpswichduringanacrobaticdisplayand waswrittenoffasjunk.Fortunatelyfor1001Mike Stowewasaroundtosalvagetheremainsandthese hetraileredtoBlackbushewhereMauriceRobinson slowlyandlovinglyrebuilttheairframeoveraperiod offouryears.Thusinlate1974G-AXNIemerged fromherordealrenewedfromtoptotailandlooking veryprettyinhernewyellowandblackcolourscheme.

Mike,whoalsoownsaStampe,enthusesaboutthe Jungmeister'sagility."TwiceassensitiveastheStampe withpreciseflickrollcontrolanditsknife-edgeflight isadream."Hecaressedthecurvedfuselagesides.

- Thisshapemustgiveitsidewayslife,"hetheorised. AnyonewatchingaBUckerJungmeistertake-olfand landcannotfailtobeimpressedwithitsSTOLperformancederivedfrontthepowerfulengineandlight all-upweightof1100lbs.However,despitethisanda highcruisingspeed,theSiemansonlyuses54gallons perhourgivingausefulendurancewiththe18gallon fueltankandfullyinvertedfuelsystem.Maintenance isastraightforwardbusinesswiththeorthodoxsteel tubefuselageandallsprucewings.

ThereareonlythreeotherJungmeistersintheU.K. atthepresenttime,andsohighistheirreputation amongstsportingpilotsintheUnitedStatesthat severalcompletelynewairframeshavebeenmanufacturedandpoweredbyFranklinenginesand designatedBu.133f's.MikeStowesmilesthesmileof amanwhoknowshehasgotthebestthereis.

BigLizzieiscomingout

AtWycombeAirPark,DougBianchihasjust orderedabigcranetodoabigjob.Itwillnotbeused, asonemightsuppose,toeffectcosmeticrepairstothe roofoftheincrediblyuglyAirwaysClubhouse,butits taskwillcalluponittoparticipateinthereconstructionofamoreharmoniousworkinaviationartform.Ttwill,infact,beusedtore-unitethewingsof PhillipMann'sLysanderMa.toitstallfuselageand socompletesoneofthemostextensiveandsuccessful worksofwarbirdrestorationeverattemptedanywhere intheworld.WhentheLysanderwaspurchasedin 1972itwasfarfromcompleteandmostcomponents thatremainedweredamagedtosomedegree.Withno originalmanualstoturntoforadvicethejobofrebuildingcallsforthepatienceofJob,theskillof Napier,andthepowersofdeductionattributedto Holmes.Possessingallofthesequalitiesinabundance, DougBianchi'sexpertindifficultrebuildingworkis Mr.W.A.(Joe)Austin,who,beforestartingonthe Lysander,completelyrebuilttheYAKIf(G-AYAK) severalyearsago.

Thebestthereisinaerobatics.MikeStowewithhis 1936 BackerJungnieisterduringpracticedayatFinmere.

VintageClub1975Calendar 23-26Aug.:SUMMERCAMP&BAR-B-Q. Thecampingholidayforallofthefamily. FinmereAirfield.

PopularFlying,July-August,1975

Makingafinalinspectionofthehighaspectratiowings priortore-uniting•theintothefuselage.WarBirchexpert,Mr.JoeAustin,isdwarfedbythehugebulkofthe Lysandernowstandingproudlyonitslargespatted undercarriage.

(Photo:A.Chalkley)

Startingwiththevariouscomponentsofthe fuselage,Joeeventuallypiecedtogetherthecomplete tubularmainframeandthen,workingfromaeromodeller1/72scaleplans,graduallybuiltupthewood formersandstringerswhichgivetheLysanderits characteristiclooks.Thewings,althoughstructurally complete,wereanotherbigjobaseveryribwas damagedduringlongyearsofabusedstorage,andthe delicateleadingedgeslotshavehadtobeverycarefullyrebuilt.Finalassemblyhavingbeencarriedout and730h.p.BristolMercuryenginerefittedfollowing itsindividualoverhaul,thefirsttestflightasplanned willbeintheskilledhandsofNeilWilliams.

AlthoughthemachineistheEllamodelbuiltbythe CanadianNationalSteelCarCompanyin1942the finalcolourschemewillbethatofasquadronwhich operatedwiththeBritishExpeditionaryForcein Francein1940.Uppersurfacesaremattbrownand olivedrabwithduckeggblueundersurfaces.Owner PhillipMannmustbecongratulatedonthislatest additiontohismagnificentcollectionofVintage aeroplanesinflyingcondition.

21Sept.:FINMERETEAPATROL.

27-28Sept.:WELSHPOOLVINTAGEFLY-IN.

Oldbiplanesamidthepastoralhilltop settingoftheOaks,bykindinvitationof theMontgomeryshireU.L.F.C.

19Oct.:1975SPOTLANDINGCOMPETITION. OldWardenAirfield(bykindpermission oftheShuttleworthTrust).

21Nov.:OXFORDSOCIALEVENING.

(Photo:J.Beeswax)

4,) Projects \ *:N

DennisEverndensentusthisandotherviewsofthewoodenpartsofhisIlaglorScooterPTA1332.whicharenow complete.

JimWillsisseenhereinhisfrontroomwiththealmostcompleteJhselageofhisPietenpolAircamperPTA1506which wasforalltoACC'atBigginHill.

(Photo:KentishMercury)

ThisviewisofJohnWhiting'sTailwind C-BDAP:PEA3507.Johnhopedtoill IOSy1141hitsaysatilthenowintendv tolyingAlphaPapa hy road.

FRIGHTWITHOUTFORMULAE

byMikeStapp

Tobefair,theTurbulentIfirstsawaerobatedat Elstree,waybackinthedim'50s,wasimpressive.Its Frenchpilotdidthingsf.wouldneverdaredo.I. studiedtheequallyFrenchaeroplane(firstintheUK asavisitor),andmarvelledattheverysmallnessof everything,notleastofthepilot!

TheywerelatermadeatCroydonandbymany home-builders,beingthedawnofapotentiallyinterestingpost-war'Flea-Era'.WhenIfirstsatinone, itappearedtobedesignedaroundtheaverage13-yearoldboy,forwhomitwouldprobablyperformbest,in termsofpower/weightratio.One'skneesjammed ratherunpleasantlyunderthedashboard,therudder operatedmostlybythetoes.Theseatingposition seemedveryneartheground.whensuitablyfoldedinto thecockpitandthewingtipscouldpossiblybereached byhandatastretch,itseemed.

Iwaswithintheweightlimitandpreparedtofly. TheTurb.isdeceptivelytoy-likeandbeliesitsdemandingcharacteruntilonegraduatestoit,usually bywayoftheCondor,whichissomewhatsimilar, comingfromthesamestable.

TheVWengineseemstohavenocompression,but barksawaywithgusto,asonetaxies,feelingmorepart ofago-kartwithwingsthanapilot.Iwasn'treally convincedthatitcouldfly,untilopeningupthepower anditwassuddenlyAIRBORNE,before1wasready. Theimmediateimpressionwasthatitshouldhave beenbackwiththe13-year-oldboy,notasareal life-sizemachine,butflyingroundhimonapairof wires!Therewasabsolutely no feeltothecontrols. whichweresensitiveintheextreme,toapilotof heavierthings.Flyingitwasadelicatebusinessas climbed,fullofamazementandconsciousthatIreally hadnobusinessintheskyinathinglikethis.Itwas justtoosmall

However.theTub.showeditselftobeatealaeroplane,makingheightataround55kts.andcruisingin thehigh70sforthelargerVWengines.Onceusedto thepeculiaritiesofcontrol,Ithoughtitdelightful. turningeasilylikealittlelighter.Theairspeeds,howeverwerequitecritical,andmuchspeedislostin turns,asthisisstillaverylowpoweredaeroplane.The stallwasconventional,thenosedroppingataboutthe 40markanddespitethewing-slots,afairdegreeof suddenwing-drop.Theslightestmisuseofcontrols broughtareallystartlingentrytothespin,fromwhich recoverywasmadeatonce,andtakingaboutoneturn. NobodyeverspinsTurbs.intentionally,oracrobats themnow!

Theyarenotreckonedtobestrongandneitherdo theyglidefar,sotheforcedlandingisabriefaffair. Thelandingwasfair,consideringtheunaccustomed heightatwhichlandfallwasmadeandtheextreme carerequiredwiththemini-controlcolumntomanage thesuper-sensitiveelevators,evenatlowspeed.

ThisisNOTabeginner'stoyandIlaterfoundthat thelowerpoweredvariantsarepositivelylethalinthe wronghands.Afriendinvitedmetoflya1200cc. version,whichhesaidhehadcollectedfromasmall airstrip.HelookedquiteheavyandIreckonedthatif hehaddonethatandlived,Imightsucceedinflying theTurb.fromDenhamtoStaplefordandback.He did,however,sayhisflighthadbeen'interesting...

Hewasn'tkidding.TheTurb.alwaysleavesthe ground,noproblem,butthisonewasnotkeento climb.Thiscanbecritical,asthewingisnotefficient atacertainlowrangeofspeeds,butequallywillnot climbatahigherspeed.Thesecretcametolight.It

PopularFlying,July - August,1975

wouldclimbat48kts.andnotonekt.higherorlower. Daringtoglancebackaftersonieattempttoclimbat thisspeed,theaerodromedidn'tappeartobenoticeablylowerthanwasandwasfortunateinbeingona hill!PassingtherailwayarchesbyMartinBaker's factory,Idecidedtomakeheightupthevalleytothe Chaffontsandgainedsome300ft.withwhichtocross theridgetoRickmansworth.Iarrivedtherewith800ft. atfullpowerandaprecise48kts.alltheway,anda merciful2000ft.byElstree.AtStapleford,aninterestingcasearoseasIlandeduphill,intowind,after analarminglyhighi-ateofdescent W hic1-1Ihadthought anattemptataglideapproach.Onceon.theground realisedthatevenfullpowermightnotbeenoughfor overcomingareallybaddowndraughtonapproach andtheanswerwasto go likehelltowherethedowndraughtwasn'tpresent.and nose downifnecessart! Thehillwasofgreatergradientthantheapparent ngleofclimb.ftwould nel'or takeoff...

Itwasn'tevenworthconsidering any uphillattempt, evenwithonlyhalfatankoffuel.Therefore.Ielected forasomewhatcross-wind,butdownhillattempt.of longerobstruction-freenature.TheTurh.screamed downthegrassstripandImadenoattemptwhatevertoclimbuntilfreached65kts,thehighest speedILeverattainedinlevelflightwiththatparticular Turb.Thenitsoaredwithsomegraceoverthefarmhouseattheendof29,theairspeedfallingtothe much-needed48kis.afteronlyabout100ft.Thenext stagewas apanoramaofback-gardenswithwashing onclothes-lines,telegraphpolesandnastytrees,as spentISminutesseekingliftintrueglider-soaring fashion.Weavingaroundthevalley,Ifoundenough to cross EppingForestat800ft.plus.Therateofclimb wasfoundtoheI75ft../min.andUmnotsureIreally shouldhavebroughttheextraweightofthewatch.

ReturningtoDenham,Ihadanagonisingovershoot whensomeonetaxiedacrosstheapproach.andthe wholebusinessofclimbingbacktocircuitheightfora secondtry,whichwentOK.Lneverflewthatparticular Turb.again,butIdidcometolovethe1500cc. variant,intowhichI_couldgetatoothbrush,shaver,a fewotherovernightoddmentsandevenmanageto wearalifejacket.1500Turbs.gowellandthereis reallynocomparisonwiththeorigitml.Nevertheless, whenIflewonetoBembridgeforaweekendandwas metbyfriendsstayingatSeaview,thereceptionwas oneofshockeddisbelief

Nobodyeverregardeditasaseriousmeansof transport,butitis,givenfairconditions.Remember, itwillnevertakethedegreeofcrosswindfound acceptabletolargertypesandislikealeafinagale inanydegreeofroughair.

Overall,itisaverycheapaeroplanetotourwith,at around11gallonsp.h.,butnotaverycomfortable one,asitlackselbowroomandmyfeetwenttosleep onaccountofrigid,immovablelegs.I/Fwaspossible overtheSolentduringpoorvis.andtheIsleofWight evenappearedintherightplacemosttinies.

However,whatI'dreallyliketodoisteacha13year-oldboytoflytheCondor,proppedupandforwardsuitablybycushions,thensendhimsoloona Turb.toaskhimwhatitis supposed totlylike! Phenomenal.Ishouldthink.

Tooyoung,youthink?Iknowoneboywhofliesa PiperCubverynicelyandhasagestowaituntilhewill beallowedsolo.IstartedflyingmyselfonanAusterat thatage,too,but1don'tsupposewe'lleverseegokartingintheairforthekids

RobinOwen's STRUT NEWS

TheP.F.A.Councilhelditsfirstmeetingof1975on April5th.ThehoststrutwastheEASTMIDLANDS andtheirco-ordinatorStuartJacksonwaschairmanof themeeting.Icountedthatabouthalfthestrutswere representedfromatotalof22.Themeetingwasavery largeone.Theexecutivecommitteehaverequested thatinfuture,wouldeachstrutpleasesendonlyone representativebecausenowthelargergroupshavea seatontheCouncil.

TheCouncilagreedunanimouslythatbydefinition astrutisagatheringofP.F.A.members.Membersdo bringalongfriendsasgueststomeetings,andthisis anidealwayofintroducingpeopletotheP.F.A.,but thereisarealdangerthatastrutrepresentativemay berepresentingmorenon-membersthanmembers.It istobehopedthatallregularguestsatstrutmeetings areencouragedtobecomefullypaid-upmembersof theP.F.A.

TheEASTMIDLANDSSTRUThasnowbeen meetingformorethantwoyearsandinthistimehas grownintoaverysuccessfulandthrivingstrut.Many importantspeakershavegivenfirsthandaccountsof theirflyingexperiences.NamessuchasCliffRogers, Rolls-RoyceTestPilot;J.J.ParkesofdeHavilland andJohnGrangerofArcheopteryxfame.Thestrutis veryfortunatetohaveHucknallasitshomeairfield.At thistimemembershave22projectsunderconstruction, aswellas18flyingaircraft.

ThenewestStrutistheNORTHWESTNORFOLK, JohnFellistheco-ordinatorandhisaddressis MecklenburgHouse,92ChapelRoad,Dersingbam, Norfolk.HeisassistedbyJohnScottandTommy Tompsett.TheStrutengineerisTonyHowe.Meetings areheldonthefirstandfourthTuesdayofeach summermonthatLittleSnoring,andKingsLynn duringthewinter.

Ourtwomostnortherlystrutsareabouttogetoff theground.Scottishmembersareinvitedtocontact eithertheHIGHLANDSSTRUT,DonLee,c/o GeorgeWimpcy,Nigg,Tain,Ross-shire;orthe SCOTTISHSTRUTHughMcGovern,27BroomehallPlace,Edinburgh.TheHighlandsStrutproposes toholdmeetingseveryothermonth.

RobertStoboinformsmethathenowrunsthe OXFORDSTRUT,hisaddressisOaklandsFarm, Stonesfield,Oxford.TheStruthasaboutsixteen membersregularlyattendingmonthlymeetingsatthe EagleVaults,Witney.Themeetingsareheldonthe secondWednesdayofeachmonth.Fiveprojectsare underconstructionandthreeaircraftareflying.

TheSOLENTSTRUTreportsbadnewsinarecent newsletter,withtherefusaloftheauthoritiestoreopen Portsmouthaerodrome,andalsotheturningdownof theirapplicationforChillingairstrip.However ThorneyIslandistoberundownaspartofthedefence cutsandthestrutwillbekeepingancyeonfuture developmentsthere.TheANDOVERSTRUTconfirmsthattheirrallyinconjunctionwiththeSolent StrutwillbeheldonSeptember2IstatMiddleWallop. Thisshouldbeaverygoodrallyonaperfectairfield. JimEspinreportsthattheStrutairstripatPophamis progressingwell.

FredHodgson,co-ordinatoroftheNORTH EASTERNSTRUTisaprolificnewsletterwriter,producingtwoinfourweeksrecently.TheStrutisvery activewithplentyofaircraftprojects.Fred'sownisan IsaacsFury;otherprojectsareasfollows:Oliver Smith,Sirrocco,whichisflying;JimBrayshaw,Flea;

RidleyKendal,Cavalier;BarrySmith,Nipper.Asa matterofinteresttootherstruts,theannualsubscriptiontothenewsletterisLI.

MikeHallamhasre-introducedtheREDHILL STRUTnewsletter.AsMikepointsouttohismembers, andthisappliestoallstruts,theP.F.A.willgivea grantafterthefirstyear'scompletepublicationofthe newsletter.Thegrantisintheregionof£25.However, thisisdigressingfromtheRedhillStrut.Recent illustratedtalkshavebeengivenbyK.C.D.St. CyrienandJohnCrawford.Arecenttalkatthe NORTHKENTSTRUTwasgivenbyHeather WheelerwhohasaBD5project.Thestrutmeets regularlyatEaglesfieldRoad,SIIandhasnowcompiledahomebuilderssupplierslistwhichshouldreduce thehoursofsearchingandtrackingdownofparts.

TheNORTHWESTERNSTRUTistoholdagrand fly-inatBartonaerodromeonSunday,3rdAugust. Nofurtherdetailsareavailableyet,butmembers wishingtoattendshouldwritetoJohnRichardson, FoldsFarm,Fernilee,WhaleyBridge,Derbyshire, ViaStockportSK12714D.Strutmembershipnow stands'at73andanewsletterispublishedfourtimesa yearbyJohnSweetingham.TheStruthasnow returnedtoitsoriginalmeetingplaceatBartonaerodrome.

BoththeCHELMSFORDandIPSWICHSTRUTS heldafly-inonMay4th.Theweatherwasbrightbut cold,withaverystronggustycrosswindwhich preventedAlanDunnandmyselfgettinganyfurther thantheChelmsfordmeetingatAndrewsfield.Paul Busseycompiled.thefollowinglistofvisitors.

G-ATLB

G-BANU

G-AXKH

G-ANDE

G-AZGY

G-AWUZ

BGA848

G-AWSS

G-AXWT

Jodel1050Wright

Jodel120Pickerell

LutonMinorVaisey

TigerMothBassmger

EmeraudeWade

Cessna150King

PiratJohnson

CondorPemberton

JodelD1lOwen

Redhill

Southend

Biggleswade

Stapleford

Stapleford

Stapleford

NorthWeald

NorthWeald

Shoreham

TheusualcrowdofadmirersforMikeVaisey's LutonMinoratAndreirsfield

TheChelmsfordStrutistoholdanotherrallyat HazeleighGrangeonSeptember7th.Detailsfrom BrianSims,92HamptonGardens,Prittlewell,Essex.

FurtherNorth-east,theIpswichStrutistoholda fly-inatNaylandonAugust3rd,at2.00p.m.,also oneatBelchampWalteronSeptember7th.Details fromJimEmpson,27aWarringtonRoad,Ipswich, Suffolk.

TheSOUTHERNSTRUTnewsletterhasan accountoftheseriesofflighttestswhichhavebeen necessarytopersuadeLaurieMansfield'sLutonMinor tofly.PeterWoodmansuggeststhatthepilotshave beentestedmorethanthemachine.Iwasrathersurprisedononeofmyflightswhenapigeonovertookme inthecircuit.Iliketothinkthatitwasaracing piaeon.

HaroldJoneswouldliketostartaStrutinthe WESTMIDLANDSarea.HisaddressisGarden FarmHouse,Stretton,Staffs.Perhapsmembersinthe WestMidlandswillcontacthimandsupporthimin theformationofaStrut.Asmentionedinthelast magazine,ahusbandandwifeteamwouldliketo

formaStrutintheGLOUCESTER&CHELTENHAMarea.Theywouldliketogaugemembers responsebeforecommittingthemselves.Membersare welcometowritetoPFAHeadOfficefromthisarea andtheirnameswillbeforwarded.

FinallyifthereareanyvolunteerstoformStruts intheDevon/CornwallandAberdeenareas,Ishouldbe verypleasedtohearfromthem.Wearenowableto provideageographicallistofmembers.

ANDOVER

PFASTRUTSTATUS

Jim Espin,Sunnyside,VernhamStreet,Nr.Andover,Hants. Tel.Linkenholt659.ThruxtonAeroClub.FirstTuesdayevery month.

BEDFORD

StuartMacConnacher,1PloverWay,Bedford.Tel.Bedford 58985.OldWardenAerodrome.Randommeetingdates.

BERKSHIRE

JohnDeacon.38HarmarClose,Wokingham,Berks.Tel Wokingham780659.TheSun,CastleStreet,Reading.First Mondayeverymonth.

CHELMSFORD

BrianSims,92HamptonGardens.Prittlewell,Essex.Rainsford RoadSchool,Chelmsford.FirstWednesdayeverymonth.

ISPWICH

JimEmpson,27aWarringtonRoad,Ipswich,Suffolk,IP13RE. TheCompasses,Holbrook,Nr.Ipswich.FirstMondayevery month.

EASTMIDLANDS

StuartJackson,12BedfordClose,Kegworth,Derby,DE72EA. Tel.Kegworth2053.TheFlyingHorse,Kegworth.FirstMondayeverymonth.

HERTFORDSHIRE

TonyFarrel.14Alder-tonClose.Loughton,Essex,1G103HQ. Tel.01-508-8899.BrookmansParkHotel.LastWednesdayevery month.

HESTON/HANWORTH

DavidLivesey,12KenwoodDrive,Walton-on-Thames,Surrey. Tel.W-o-Th26938.ThePrinceofWales,136HamptonRoad, Twickenham.FirstWednesdayeverymonth.

LINCOLN

EricWillis,6WillowRoad,NorthHykeham,Lincoln.Tel. Lincoln60112.LincolnAeroClub,Hamswell.Randommeetings.

NORTHEASTERN

FredHodgson,25HartleyAvenue,WhitleyBay,Northumberland.Tel.W.Bay21908.TheBlackHorse,Coxhow,Co. Durham.ThirdWednesdayeverymonth.

NORTHKENT

MickTurner,48bChesterWay,Kennington,London,S.E.11. FireBrigadeSocialClub,EaglesfieldRoad,S.E.18.First Wednesdayalternatemonths. June, August,etc.

NORTHWESTERN

JohnRichardson,FoldsFarm,Fernilee,WhaleyBridge,Derbyshire,5K127HD.Tel.WhaleyBridge2605.TheLancashire AeroClub.LastWednesdayeverymonth.

REDFULL

MikeHallam,Birches,Rnsper,Sussex.Tel.Rusper417.The TigerClub,RedhillAerodrome.SecondFridayeverymonth.

SOLENT

MikeCatton,IChalkHillRoad,Horndean.Hants,P089NY. Tel.Horndean4847.TheRedLionHotel,Totton,Southampton. SecondWednesdayeverymonth.

SOUTHWALES

TedDavies,108BartlettStreet,Caelphilly,Glamorgan.Pegasus FlyingCluh,Rhoose.EveryFridaynight.

SOUTHERN

LaurieMansfield,Hazelbank,DitchlingCommon,Hassocks, Sussex.Tel.BuzgessHill3160.ThePrinceGeorge,Trafalgar Street,Brighton.SecondFridayeverymonth.

OXFORD

R.Stobo,OaklandsFarm,Stortesfield,Oxford.EagleVaults, MarketSquare,Witney,Oxon.SecondWednesdayeverymonth.

WESTERN

MikeColes,c/oBristolAirTaxis,Lulsgate,Bristol.Tel.Lulsgate 2052.AchillesSchoolofFlying,Weston-super-Mare,Saturday, PoptdarFlying,July-August,1975

PFASTRUTFLY-INANDRALLYCALENDAR

JULY

4-6PFAINTERNATIONALRALLYSywell 31-4R.S.A.Rally LaVal DetailsfromBarryListerat"LittleHawks" LynwichStreet,Rudgwick,Sussex.

AUGUST

3IpswichStrutfly-inandpicnic Nayland Tel.Mr.Clarke,Nayland262232 or 262298

3NorthWesternStrutRally Barton SouthernStrutSummerCamp3-11Clacton 25 AvonAidDayPFAParticipationWest-S-Mare 31PFAParticipationrequiredat'Battle ofBritain'AirDisplay.G.A.Price, W.Y.P.T.E.,132BodminCrescent, Leeds,10 CrosslandMoor

SEPTEMBER

7ChelmsfordStrutfly-inHazeleighGrange IpswichStrutfly-in BelchampWalter Tel.Mr.Teverson,Sudbury73975

14BrunchFly-in,10.00-14.00

Tollerton

20RoyalAirForce"AtHome"BigginHill

21 Andover/SolentStrutsRallyMiddleWallop

LateNewsonN.W.StrutBarton—

DetailsfromfanJennison(Tel.Brinscall830909). Landingsfree,foodandfuelavailable.Radio122.7 PPONon-Radio.PhonecallobligatoryNon-Radio. CompetitionsandPrizes.

NEW,REVISEDEDITION °IL Hill

bySE.Taylor&H.A.Parmar

"Alltopicshavebeendealtwith...ifread, learntandinwardlydigestedshouldproduce averywellinformedandcompetentpilot".

LightAviation

"Wewouldrecommendeveryprivatepilot toreadthisbook". PilotMagazine

Contents: 1Mapsandcharts;2directionand speed;3Thenavigationcomputer;4Aspot ofnavigation;5Magnetismandcompasses; 6Meteorology:7Aeradcharts;8Aviation law;9Principlesofflight;10Thepower plant;11AircraftLoading/FireHazard;12 Playingitsafe:13GettingthePPLfrom scratch.

Clothbound,192pages £3.60 net (£3.77pp)

281HighSt.,Berkhamsted,HertsHP41AJ

ButfortheGraceofGod

byJohnGladish

Whenthe1914-18Warendedthethoughtofchaps likemyselfwhohadjoinedtheForcesstraightfrom schoolnaturallyturnedtothechoiceofacareer.All myyounglifeIhadbeenfascinatedbyflyingandIhad madeupmymindtomaketheR.A.F.mycareer,and myapplicationwentinforapermanentcommission. AsthestrengthoftheR.A.F.wasrundownthosewho hadappliedforcommissionsinthepeacetimeforce remainedintheserviceuntilthepermanentlistwas published.Whilstwaitingforthis1andafewother pilotswereallocatedajobwhichIreallyrelished,that offlyingallmannerofaircraftfromredundantflying schools,homedefencestationsandsoontocentral depotswherethey were tobedestroyedafterengines andinstrumentshadbeenremoved.Iwas20yearsof age.freeasair,andnooneseemedtoquestionone's comingsandgoings.OftenIusedtolandnearmy homeinthecountryandspendadayortwoathome beforecontinuingmyjourney.fdon'tthinkanyone wouldhavemissedtheoddBristolFighterifI'dleftit inmyfather'sbarn!

OnedayfourofuswenttoKirtoninLindseyin NorthLincolnshiretoferrysomeAvro504K'stoAintree.Thiswasofspecialinteresttomebecauseitwasat KirtonthatIhadtrainedonmodified504'stotake partinthenightbattleagainstraidingZeppelins.

ftwasonthistripthatIlearnedalessonthatIhake neverforgotten,andthetitleofthisarticlebecomes evident.

TheFlightLeaderdecidedtoflyinlineastern.Ihad nomap.Iputmytrustentirelyintheleader(mistake No.I),whoafterallwasaveteranwithatleast75 hoursinhislogbook!

Upto3000wewent,givinggoodterrainclearance. TheweatherseemedsetfairandIlookedforwardto apleasantflight,ourETAwas1!-hoursaway,and hadfuelfortwohours.

AtaboutthehalfwaymarkInoticedadullmurky skyaheadwhichIputdowntoindustrialhazeaswe wereapproachingaheakilybuilt-upareaThevisibility grewsteadilyworseandtheleaderdisappearedinto themurkasdidtheothersaheadofme.Aminuteor twolaterIlostsightofthegroundandmycolleagues_ Nevermind,Tthought,presson(mistakeNo.2),it's boundtoimprove.Howoptimisticonecanbeat20!

Afterabouthalfanhourinthegreynessandwithmy ETAsome15minutesawayIwasbeginningtofeel decidedlyqueezy.Itwasdifficulttoholdasteady course,wehadnoDIinthosedaysonlyavery unstablecompasswhichswungwildly,abubble "crosslevel"andaninclinometer.

hadthreecoursesopentomeTurnback(although IknewIwouldnevermaketheclearweatherIhad leftbehind);tostayoncourseprayingfervently,until myfuelranout;orfeelmywaydownandtrytomake alandingwhilstIstillhadpower.Ichosethelast.Thad noradio,nosubscaleonmyaltimeter.QFE'sand QNH'swereinthedistantfuture.Meteorologicalaids werenon-existent.

GingerlyIeasedbackthethrottleandbegantolose height,flyingasslowlyasIdaredandpeeringoverthe side.Ibegantogetreallyfrightenedwhen,withmy altimetershowing300feetIstillcouldn'tseetheground.

Suddenly,asightindeliblyprintedonmymemory: theweathercockontoporachurchsteepleflashedpast mystarboardwingtip,nottenfeetawayandbelowme abusystreetwithtrams!Islammedopenthethrottle, theworstpossiblethingtodotoarotaryengine.For

somehair-raisingsecond.stheenginecoughedandthen pickedup.Ibegantoclimbhopingtherewerenotall buildingsorchimneysahead.BynowIwasthoroughly frightenedandIprayedasneverbefore.

ThensuddenlythelightimprovedandIshotout intobrightsunshine,andtheresomesixorsevenmiles aheadwasBlackpoolTower.Twassome20miles northofwhereIshouldhavebeen!

IturnedsouthhavingavagueideawhereAintree was.IwasnowgettingveryshortoffuelsoIdecidedto land.Ispottedalargefieldwithahorse-drawnroller atwork.JustasIwasabouttotouchdownthehorse boltedfollowedbythedriverinhotpursuit.Rather thanriskapile-upandthefarmer'swrath,Iflewon andlandedinafieldbesidearailwayandasmall village.Whetherornottheinhabitantshadseenan aircraftbeforeTdon'tknowbutTwasliterallysubmerged.Smallboyswroteonthewings,localdamsels invitedmetotheirhomesforamealandsorn eoneI tooktobethesquireaskedmeuptothebighouseon thehill.However.I-wastiredandanxioustobeaway Ithankedeveryoneandboughtfourgallonsofpetrol fromthelocalgarageowner.Heshowedineamapand sawthata15minuteflightwouldtakemetoAintree_ AsItookoffmyminddweltontheseriesofmistakes hadmade.acombinationthatsonearlyledto disaster.Laterflearnedthatmycolleagueswere scatteredinvariousfieldsalloverLancashire,fortunatelynoneofthemwashurt,buttheaircraftbadly bent.

AlmostassoonasIlandedat_Aintreemy504was seizedbymechanicsandwheeledawaytobestripped andburned,anignominiousendfortheaircraftwhich hadbornemeonwhat NN,asverynearlymylastflight.

In1975asfflymyJodel117.Ithinkhowluckythe presentdaypilotis.ShouldhebecaughtI.N1 .C. a touch on thetransmitbuttonandhecanliterallybeled lome,inalmostcompletesafety.

VOLKSWAGEN AIRCRAFTENGINEPLANS forAmateurConstructors

30sq.R.ofdrawingsandaI5,000-wordmanual providedesignsandinformationenahlingonetoconvert anyV.W.engineupto1600ces.Fullyapprovedfor amateur-builtaircraft,theseplansareofferedwithlifetimefreeadviceforonlyL6-00postpaid

DonaldG.Peacock, MeadowCottage,Ardle.ghHeath,Colchester,C077BQ Tel.Colchester230446

LIGHTAEROPLANES'39-'46

1939effectivelyconcludedsixteenyearsoflightaeroplanesinEurope,thetwosealmonoplanenowreigningsupreme.Oneaeroplanenotmentionedinthe previousarticlewastheGeneralAircraftCygnet. Perhapsbestdescribedasanaeroplanetenyearsbefore itstime,itwasanallmetalaircraftwithatricycle undercarriagewithsidebysideseating:itwasthe mostadvancedaircraftof1939butthepriceofprogresswasthelack of foldingwings.

Taylorcraftmodelsof40and55h.p.hadbeen imported intothe UK foroverayearandafactory outsideLeicesterwasconvertedinordertoproducea Britishvariant.InJune1939aCirrusminorengined TaylorcraftwassubmittedforAirMinistrytrials.

WarfinallycametoN.W.Europejustinlimeto CI usecancellationoftheKing'sCupAirRaceof September1939.MostBritishlightaeroplaneswere 'impressed'formilitaryservice—includinglargeraeroplanes1017total.Sadtosay,manyneverflewagain beingusedbythetechnicaltrainingschoolsformaintenanceinstruction.MyownSwiftcancotmtilself extremelyluckythatitsurvivedthewaryearsinthe

Taylorcrafthadbythemid-waryearsstrengthened theiroriginalairframe,fittedanAmericanengine originallyintendedforatankandaddedathirdseat-theAusterMarkIV—alsoknownas"theeyesofthe army-intheEuropeancampaignof1944-45.

Awayfromthefrontlinelight'planesweredoing theirbit.HighspeedthinwingswerefittedtoaMiles Falcon,B.A.Swallowsweremodifiedforglidertrials, aComperSwiftwaspaintedblackandflownaround atnightbyanight-fightersquadronandaDrone ownedbyadaylightersquadronandarmedwitha shotgunwasoperatedagainstlocalducks.Icanrecall investigatingtheremainsofaHawkerTomtitbeing usedasaroadblockatHighPost

21yearsafterthebirthoftheMothsawR.A.F. maintenanceunitsofferingprewarandwartimeaircraftatbargainprices.Unfortunately, alot ofexotic AmericanequipmenthastobereturnedtotheU.S.or destroyedundertheoriginaltermsoftheleaselend agreements.

Ifyouownedanaeroplanewhichhadbeen

handsofanATCsquadron.

ApartfromtheTigerMothwithwhichmanycivil schoolsre-equippedduringtheexpansionperiodthe Taylorcraftwasthemostusefulandwasunique amongstthepre-warlightaircraftinbecomingan operationaltypeunderthenameofAusterMarkI.Six yearsofwarweretoseeitdevelopthroughfivemarks andduetoitsmetalconstructionmanysurvived naturalandmanmadehazardstobesoldafterthe war.

Itwastheversatilityofthistypeof'spotter'aircraft whichledtoasimilarspecificationbeingissuedin 1942,arequirementwhichwaseventuallyfilledbythe MilesMessenger.Thisturnedouttobearealold gentleman'saeroplanebutcouldhardlybedescribed asanadvancementofthestateoftheart.

Anothercontenderforthisspecificationwasthe FANEA.O.P.1.GerardFanewasanassociateof NickComperanddevelopedCompels'Scamp'design intoahighwingmonoplanewithaCirrusMinor engineinapusherconfiguration—alltonoavail.

PopularFlying,July - August,1975

impressedin1939-40youcouldbuyanAusterora Magisterfor€50.Kemblein1946wasaveritable Aladdin'sCaveofvintagetypes.AtthetimeIwasat themaintenanceunitatLitchfieldwhereonehangar contained110Magisters,theonesoneithersidecontainingOxfordsandalltheMessengerswhichhad survivedR.A.F.service.Parkedoutsidewere300 FortressesandLiberators.

Aeroplanesreleasedbytheservicerequiredafairly extensiveoverhaulandofcourseinthelongrundid nothingtostimulateproductionofnewtypes.

Witha100hpCirrusMinorIItheMarkVAuster waschristenedAutocratandofferedforsaleat£650in 1946thusenablingclubstoflyfor£3.00perhour. (Rememberaskilledmanearnedonly£6.00perweek.)

InAugust1946,aMr.Cleggwroteto Flight and suggestedanorganisationtoenablepeopletoflyultra lightaircraftataverycheaprate,possiblyona co-ownershipbasis.ThisletterpromotedtheformationoftheUltraLightAircraftAssociation,from whenceemergedthePFAafewyearslater.

ThisB.A.SwallowwasrecentlyboughtbyA.Williamsandisseenherewhenfirs!saillightofdayoutsideBerlrain Arden'sharn(whichcontainsmanyothergoodies);isopicalmanywmlittieimpressnielas.

(Photo:NI.P.Minsk)

FLYINGEXPERIENCE

Sir, TheleastsaidaboutthearticlebyMikeVaisey would, I think,bewisest.

Howmanytimesdidhebreakthelaw?Whatflying experiencedoesMr.Vaiseyhave?Notmuch,from readinghisexperienceinhisLutonMinor.

MayIsuggestthatMr.Vaiscygoestohisnearest schoolofadvancedflyingandwithhumilitystartto learn.Untilthattime,Mr.Editor,pleasebecareful whatyouprintabouthim:thestudentcopyingMr. Vaiseymightwellwindupverydead.

Yourstruly, P.K.Gnosf TOONGHOSEAVIATIONLTD., THEAIRPORT, SHOREHAM-BY-SEA.

GERMANPITTS

Sir,

Enclosed,youwouldfindaphotographaboutthe firstpitts-specialSI-S,whichisflyinghereinGermany. Perhaps,youareinterestedtopublishtheshortreport andthephotograph.Thankyouverymuch.

Thepitts-special,registedasunderD-EHRL.is ownedbyManfredStrossenreuther,whoisffieGerman aerobaticchampion.Theaeroplanewasorderedbythe lateDr.EberhardEhrle,Straubing,andarrivedin Brementwodaysbeforehediedinthetragicaccident thereatStraubing.duringtraininginhisAcrostar. Manfredboughtthekitoftheaircraftanditwas assembledbyasmallfirmthere.Theregistrationisthe sameaspurchasedbytheLBAforDr.Ehrleandin memoryofafriendofManfredandallthemembers oftheE.A.A.Chapterhere.

Manfred,notunknownintheworldofaerobatics, waswithhisPittsattheEuropeanchampionshipin DenmarkonJune1-7,1975,too.However,hewould alsoliketosecEnglandagain.OurFAA-Chapter wouldholdaninternationalFly-inhere--wehaveour ownairfield,throughthemembershipfromManfred, thereistheflyingschool,whichisoperatedbyhis father.Allguestsarewelcomedhere.

Thankyouverymuchforthepublication.

Pleasedosendmetwocopies,ifpossible,forour files.Thankyou.

DARTKITTEN

Sirs, YourveryinterestingarticleontheDartKitten broughtbackmemories andgot medelvingthrough pastlogbookstofindtheexactdatewhen I hadlast flownaWeylcreation.Maybethatwasn'tsuchabright ideaafterallbecauseitturnedouttobeover20years agoand I don'tfindthatapleasantthought!

IfirstgotinvolvedwiththeKittenwhentheUltra Light(asourAssociationwasknownatthetime)was lookingoutforasuitabletypeforhonlebuildingbut havingamorepowerfulmotorthantheJAP.Atthat timetheCoventrymotorpeoplehadanenginecalled theVictorthattheywerepreparedtoproduceasa lightweightaeroengine,andtheideawastoputthis pieceofmachineryintheKitten.Mr.Weylsuggested thatwegothroughthemotionsofobtainingaCofA fortheKittenwiththeJAPandifallwentwellwith theCoventryenginewecouldinstallthatlater.This wasnottobehoweverand I havenoknowledgeofthe furtherdevelopmentoftheengine.

FlighttestswerefromDenhamand I flewitquite oftenobtainingtakeoffandlaudingdistances,rates ofclimb,stallfiguresandcalibratingthepositionerror oftheAST

Onfirstapproachingtheaircraftonefacedthe problemofgettinginitoronitasitwasquitea "Teeny".TheJAPenginestartedbyaswingandthe propflutteredaroundwithverylittlenoise.Takeoff wasincrediblyshort—somuchsothat I oftengotairbornefromthecricketpitchatDenhambeforegetting ontotheairfieldproper.(Thisannoyedthewhiteclad aentlemenquiteabitandIhadtodesist.)TheKitten Slatthattimewascalibratedinknotswiththelowest readingof50knotssothatwhenitstalledthereading wasliterallyofftheclock.Iseemtorecallitstalledat 38m.p.h.!!!TheregistrationofthisparticularKitten wasG-AMJPandonememorableflightIhadinthis aircraftwasfromDenhamtoCroydoncheckingrate ofclimbandjustseeinghowhighIcouldgetto.This flightwasinthedaysbeforeLondonTMAandallthe otherrestrictionsnowimposedonussoitwasset courseDenhamclimbinguntiloverheadCroydonby whichtimeThadstaggeredupto14,000ft.andwas wallowingallovertheskyso I calleditadayand droppedinfortea.Incidentallythedescenttook almostaslongastheclimbbecausetheJAPengine hadtobenursedagainsttherapidcoolingatidlerpm.

Mr.WeylhadproblemswiththelongtermdevelopmentplansfortheKittenandtheprojectjuststagnated.Thelast I heardofthataircraftwasthatithad beentransportedtoChalfont.

Sincethen I haveseenanotherKittenbuiltin Australiaandthisprobablybringsbackmemoriesto Mr.WalWatkins,whowasamemberofourAssociationatthattimeandisnowtheHon.Secretaryofthe AustralianUltraLight.

Sincerely,

F.G. MALE

FLYINGSCHOLLSTRöSSENREUTIIF.R, P.O. Box47, 8585 SPEICHERSDORF, WESTGERMANY.

31 ST.GEORGESDRIVE, ICKENHAM, UXBRIDGE, MIDDLESEX.

RADIOPF

Sir, "Wemustguardjealouslytherightto'our'kindof flying,—withorwithoutradio—butifthelatter,we mustbeawareofthelimitationswhichlackofradio placesuponus,andmustexerciseacorrespondingly higherstandardofairmanshipthanmightotherwise beapplicable,toassistbothourselvesandothersinour silence."

Thiswasthemessagewhich1readintheMarchAprileditorialof PopularFlying, andhowdelightedI wastoseethefactssohelpfullyputinanon'killjoy' mannerbyapractisingprivatepilot,andqualifiedair trafficcontrolofficer.

Itmayconceivablyhavebeenmisplacedasan editorial,butasJohnsays,ifitjogsourmemoryon justonepoint,andtherebysavesevenone'nearmiss', thenitwaswellworththewriting,andcanonlyhelp toconfirmourorganisationas THE responsiblebody forlight,andparticularlyultralightaircraft,inthis country.

Yoursfaithfully, GERRYD.PRICE

23WESTAVENUE, VP-1Builder

WORTHING, SouthernStrut'Wings'Examiner SUSSEX, AssistantFlyingInstructor BINH5LU. CommercialPilot(707s)

(Inthatorder

DUPLICATEINSPECTIONS

Sir.

IenjoyedMr.Lister'sletterinP.F..May-June1975 issueandwouldnotpresumetoquestionhisvalidplea forcaution—weareall,Ihope,unremittinginpursuit oftrue,ratherthanritual,airworthinessassurance.

LikeMr.ListerT,too,havefoundmanyinstances ofcontrolsinaparlousstateduringduplicateinspection,worse,evenafterduplicatecertification,and worsestillevenafterC.A.A.haveclearedtheaircraft!

EquallyIcanrecountmanyinexcusablehorrorsin anyothersystemonecarestonamesobadworkisnot confinedtoflyingcontrols.Thereis,asincidental comment,asignificantamountofqualifiedopinion concernedattherealdangerlatentinduplicateinspectionsincertaincircumstanceswherethereisoften mutualandunjustifiedtrustbetweenthetwopeople concerned,henceasmuchdangercanbemanufactured bytheprocedureasitsetsouttoavoid.

ButIwouldaskMr.Listertoreadmyletteragain andweighmywordswhichweremostcarefully chosen.Myquestionremainsvalidastowhether thereisanyfundamentallogicincontrolsbeing certified orsignedouttwiceonuncomplicatedhomebuiltaircraftwhentheyareneithermore,norless, importantthananyotherpart,failureofwhichcould causeequalperil.

AlthoughIvalueandrespecttheobservationsmade byMr.Listeronmyaccounthehasnotansweredmy questionsoIremainunbowedandunenlightened. MayIhastentoaddthatmyquestionrelatestoP.F.A. inspectiononly,othercountrieswithsignificanthomebuiltpopulationsseemtosurvivewithoutdouble certification.Asbothaprofessionalandlicensed engineerIacknowledgeandsupportthatadifferent situationprevailsforgoodandsoundtechnical reasonsonthelargerandcomplicatedpublictransport aircraftbuttheyarehorsesofadifferentcolour,hence thefinalparagraphofmypreviousletterthatwe shouldnotcopylargeaircraftprocedureswilly-nilly.

Yoursfaithfully, HAROLDBEST-DEVEREUX

11&13STONEHILLSHOUSE, STONEHILLS, WELWYNGARDENCITY, HERTFORDSHIRE.

PopularFlying,July - August,1975

PEONTOP

Sir, Nottoputtoofineapointonthematter,although younodoubtsavesomecoppersonadministrative expensesbyusingthestampedwrappersystem,you alsopossiblylosesomeformersub-payingmembers bynotprovidingthemwithsufficientinformation,re costandthesheerdiscourtesyofinformingalland sundry,thatJoeBloggshasnotpaidhisdues.

Regardingyourmagazine,manysincerecongratulationsandthanks.

AsakeengliderpilotandaS.P.L.holderIam interestedinallaspectsofaviation,somuchsothat Ihavestandingordersforseveralaviationmagazines, from SailplaneandGliding to Pilot etc.,etc.Butthe P.F.A.magazinetopsthelot.Itisidealforwepeople whowanttoflyforfun.Alotofusmaynevergetto buildourownaircraftbutwecansharethejoysand thefrustrationsthroughyourarticlesandlearnalot aboutthemechanicsandconstructionofaircraftin general,andthatcanneverbeabadthing,toknow somethingaboutthesteedyoumaybestrappedinside.

So,carryonthegoodwork,sothatIcanlook forwardtothenextissue.

P.S.—Pityyoucannotpublishmoreoften.

Respectfullyyours, BRIANBAKER.

'THORNEYBUSH', TAVERNSPITE,WHITLAND, CARMARTHEN,DYFED, SOUTHWALES.

OSHKOSH1975CHARTER

ThoseofyouwhocontactedmereOshkosh,will nowbeawarethatduetobusinesscommitmentsIhad topassthearrangingofthetriptoTonyLockwood,a fellowmemberoftheTigerClub.

Tonysawintheearlystagesofhisinterestinthe tripthatthenumberswerelikelytobebelowthose requiredtooperatethecharter,ifhecontinueditinthe formthatIhadsetout.Hetriedotherwaysofarrangingit,i.e.CharteranaircrafttotheStatesonly,then makeyourownway—thisitwasfeltwouldinterest thosewhowishedto go totheStatesbutnotto Oshkosh.

AttheendofthedayhoweveritwastheAdvance BookingCharterthatbeatus.Inordertobenefitfrom thecheaprateacrosstheAtlantic,youhavetoput yourmoneydowninadvanceofgoing.Inadditionto thisthereisagreatdemandforseats,ontheABC systemandsothetravelagentrequiresanevenearlier casharrangement.Wejustcouldnotgetenough peopletoputtheirmoneydownatshortnotice,this resultedinthecostincreasingto£300.00perheadto thosewhowereabletofindthecash.Thenewfigure wasunacceptabletothoseremainingandthetripwas regretfullycalledoff.

Ishouldliketotryandoperateitnextyear,butthis timewemustgetgoingassoonasthedateis announcedbytheEAA(usuallyattheConvention) andthosewhowanttogoSTARTSAVINGNOW— becausethecostisboundtobeuponthisyearand mostofthemoneywillhavetobepaidinaround January/February,1976.

Thosewhoweredisappointedbynotgoingto Oshkosh,rememberthatyoucancometoEurope's greatestgatheringofSportflyingaeroplanes SYWELLINTERNATIONAL.

TAYLORMONOPLANEG-AXYK

ExtendedCentreSectionModification

byCyril

TaylorMonoplanebuildersmightbeinterestedto knowthatG-AXYKwasoriginallybuiltwiththe smallwingcentresection,theundercarriagebeing mountedontheoutsidewingpanels.Iflewitinthis configuration for some290hours,andtheninAugust 1974decidedtomodifytheaircrafttoincorporatethe extendedwingcentresection.fthadbeenapparentfor quitesometimethatIwouldhavetodothiseventually, ifonlytolessenmyanxietywithrespecttobeing "messedabout"withhangarage,toknowthatitis quiteasimplejobtoremovetheoutsidewingpanels andtotaketheaircrafthome,shouldtheneedarise,is veryreassuringindeed!

ApplicationwasmadetoourPT.A.Engineering Sectionandpermissionwasgrantedtodothework.A newmainandsecondarysparwerebuiltandthetask ofremovingtheoldsparsfromthefuselagebegan.Let mesaythatifIeverhadanydoubtsaboutthestrength ofwoodenaircraftbeforeIstartedthisjob,theyhad disappearedbythetimeThadfinished.Sufficeittosay thatIhadtocubethespruceandplywithasmallsaw andchiselitcarefullyaway.Plywoodpackingpieces hadbeenusedbetweenthefacesofthesparsandthe fuselageverticalmembers,andwhenthesewere removedtherewassufficientroominwhichto manoeuverandre-alignthenewspars.

ThemainmetalsparplateswereX-rayed.andanew setofsecondarysparplatesmade.Thewingpanels wereshortenedinordertomaintaintheoriginalspan, andtheplywoodremovedaftofthesecondaryspar andforwardofthemainsparinordertobeableto mountthedrillingjig.Thefeelingoneexperiencesjust priortocutting2ft.fromtherootendofawingcan belikenedtothatduringfirstsolo—namely,aqueasy feelingin(hepitofthestomachandatwitchingsensationabitlowerdownandtotherear!Butrememberingthefirstlineofthatwell-knownhymn: "Courage. brother,donotstumble", yougoaheadanddothe job!

Thesparsattherootendsofthewingsweresuitably reinforcedandplywoodgluedtobothfacesofthe secondaryspar.Theholesforthesparplateswere drilled,ensuringthat(hedihedralremainedthesame. Thenewsparswerethenmountedinthefuselageand theincidenceanddatumschecked.Thecentresection wasbuiltupwiththeoutsidewingpanelsattachedin ordertominimizemovement.

Oakins

hadalsobeenawarethattheaircraftwasslightly tailheavy,andthereforeasetofFournierR.F.4engine mountingswereobtainedandlilted.Thismovedthe engineforwardbyIA",whichbroughtthecentreof gravitynearertothatoftheprototype.Thedifference inperformanceisquitemarked.Thetailcomesup quicker,thetakeoffrunappearstobeshorter:the cruisingspeedisslightlyhigher,andruddermovementsseemtobesmallerfor(hesameamountof control.Itmightbemyimagination,buttheaircraft seemstositdownbetterafterlanding.Theflapsand associatedmechanismhavebeenremoved,andthe wingpanelsinthisareamadegood.Ittooksixmonths tocompletethemodificationbutthetimeandeffort havebeenwellworthwhile.

Thebuilderofanyaircrafthasatreatinstorewhen theprojectiscomplete,buttoTaylorMonoplane buildersIcanonlyreiteratemystatementfromthe previousarticle—astrong.,beautifulaircraftwithno vices,ifflownwithinthecompassofbasicairmanship.

MythankstoLes.Usherwoodforhishelpand guidanceonceagain.

LUTONSQUADRONNEWS:- byMikeVaisey

AftersometwelveyearsofsteadyeffortMick GarnerofWoottonBassettinWiltshireisproudtobe yetanotherMinorbuilderto see hisprojecttaketothe air.G-BCFYmadeitsmaidenflightrecentlyona calmSaturdayeveningfromR.A.F.Lynehamwhere hisaeroplaneshareshangarspacewithseveral Herculestransports.Theflightwentperfectly,without ahitchandculminatedwithavictoryfly-past.The pilot'scomment-=splendid'.Mick,anAirLoad MasterintheR.A.F.(hopeyougottheC.G.right, Mick!)hasyettogainhisPPLandhastakenupglidingthemeanwhilesothathecanflyhiscreationassoon aspossible.Whatagreatincentivetogetyourlicence underyourbeltandencouragementtothosewhoare building,yetstillhavethishurdletocross,Mickhopes tohavetheaircraftatSywell.

Withluckitisanticipatedtherewillbeseveralnew MinorsatSywellthisyear—hopefullyenoughto oreaniseareasonablylargeformationflightforthe benefitofcamerasandpilotsalike.Ifyouownorflya MinorpleasemakeanefforttogettoSywellsothat thisgatheringofMinorsmayberecordedasahistoric occasion—thelargestgathering(andhopefullyformationflight)ofminorsevertobewitnessed.

Onatechnicalnote,undercarriageshock-absorber rubbersarenowgettingdifficulttoobtain.Indeedthe Squadronhashadanumberofenquiries(includinga builderofaSlingsbygliderconversionusingthcMinor undercarriage).Wewouldbeveryinterestedtohearof asourceoftheserubbersortheexperiencesofthose Minoroperatorswhoareusingalternativespecifications.

THEISAACSFUllY

byMikeClarke

TheIsaacsFurydatesbacktoearly1961whenworkontheprototypewasbeeun.August1963markedthe occasionofitsfirstflightwhichprovedthattheaircrafthadexcellentflightcharacteristics.However,itsoonbecame obviousthatthisaircraft'sperformancecouldbegreatlyimprovedbyreplacingthe65h.p.WalterMikronengine witha125h.p.Lycoming.InJuly1967,theFuryTHirsttooktotheairandprovedthattheextraworkhadnotbeen invain.

Thelargeexcesspowerenablesthetakeoffruntobeasshortas50yardsandgivesaclimbrateof1600feetper minute.Aerobaticscanbecarriedoutwithnorealdifficultysincethecontrolresponseisjustright,resemblingthe responseoftheoriginalHawkerFuryonwhichthisaircraftisbased.Thecruisespeedisintheregionof100m.p.h.

ConstructionoftheaircraftisverysimilartotheCurrieWot,whichisawell-knownhomebuiltdesign.Itisbuilt mainlyofspruceandbirchplywood,butalsocontainsquiteanumberofsmallmetalfittings.Theaeroplaneis fullyacrobaticandstressedupto+6;and—3g.

AtpresentthereareFuriesbeingbuiltinseveraldifferentcountries,indeedthesecondFurytoflydidsoin Canada.AnotherFurywhichshouldtaketotheairverysoonisbeingconstructedinNewZealandandwillhave takenonly2yearstocomplete.

CHARLIEKILO... CONCLUDINGREPORT

byPeterWoodman

ThelasttimeIputpentopaper,1wasabouttostart coverinetheAusterwings.notwithoutsomeapprehension.Ihadimaginedthatthisoperationwould dragoninterminablybutwasrelievedtofindthatit wasnotasdifficultasIfirstthought.Thewingsare parallelsided,each16'6lonewithsimplecutoutsfor aileronsandflaps.Theyarelightenoughtobelifted bytwopeople(mywifeandf)andjustfittedintomy garageallowingworkingroomallround.

IcommencedbylayingtheDTD575fabric'wingbag'onthetopsurfaceandpulledthematerialevenly sothattheweavewasparalleltothewineribs.Having usedfabricfroma53"wideroll,thisresultedinthe "bag-having"Frenchseams-(the"ballon-seam usedtojointhepanelstogether).Theseseamsrunfore andaft.

Thefabricwasdopedtothetrailingedgeandafter tihr.fpersuadedmywifetoliftandrotatethewing withmewhilemythreechildrencarefullydrewthe fabricaroundontotheundersidewhich Was bynow uppermost.Thebagwasthenagaindopedontothe trailineedeeoverlappingthefirstedgeby2".Trimmingaroundtheaileroncutoutandwingtipbowthen followedandthewholewingwasbrushedwithred taughteningdopeandallowedtostanduntildrywhen asecondcoatwasapplied

Asitwasmid-winter,andthatof1974/5wasparticularly'wet.Ihadtobeverycarefultokeepthe temperatureofthegaragesufficientlyhightoprevent watercondensinginthedryingdopewhichcancause 'blushing'onthesurface.Thisdidinfactoccuronce whilstsprayingfinalcolourdope ill mymother-inlaw'searaee.Ihadusedtheothergaragesothatwork couldpursuesimultaneouslyonbothwingsatvarious staeesoftheirrecoveringandseveraltimesfhad causedneighbour'sheadstoturnwhilsttrundlingwings betweengarages.adistanceofatcmile

Theribstitchingrequiresrouehly250separate Seineknotsforeachwingandasteelneedleabout12" longisneeded.ThisIcouldnotbuyanywherebut,like mostthingsIfounddifficulttoobtain,therewas alwayssomeonecloseathandwhohadtheobject required.TheneedlewasloanedbyDavidPrattofthe AusterPilotClub.Davealsohelpedadviseonlotsof re-coveraspectshavingrecoveredhisAusterG-AIGU fuselage.ThestitchingofthestarboardwingLook aboutoneweek.Someideaofhoweasythisoperation becomeswithpracticecanbegaugedfromthesecond wingtakinemepreciselyfromnoononaSaturdayto noononthefollowingSunday(andIwenttobedinbetween!)ThefirsttailplaneunitIstitchedearly in 1974hadtakenafullweek!

Thecoveringofribstitchingwith2"widere-inforcingtapewascompletedfollowedbythedopingonof accesspanelzips.Woodsinspectionrings,draineyeletsandalltheotheredgetapes.Thewinesreceived threemorebrushcoatsofredtaughteningdopeeach rubbedlightlydownandafteraboutaweekthe aluminiumnon-taughteningdopewassprayedon followedbythefinishingdope,allcoatsbeinelightly rubbeddown.ThecolourIhadchosenwasscheme ZR22red.Fdidnotpurchaseallthedopefortheprojectatthebeginningandaboutmid-wintersupplies weredifficulttoobtainatmyregularretailers,R.S. SaywellofGatwickandShorehamandRollasonsof RedhillandShoreham.InordernottolosetimedurinetheXmasbreak r collectedtaughteningdopeand aluminiumfinishfromthemanufacturerPinchinand JohnsonofKingston-on-Thames.Althoughtheprice wasaboutthesameastheusualretailersasurcharge of£5.00oneach5litrecanwasadded.Apparentlythis isdonetodiscouragemembersofthepublicfrom descendingonKingston-on-Thames,bursastheyare theonlymanufacturerthereislittlechoice if thepro-

CommencingcoveringthestarboardwingofAusterJIN

(Photo:PeterWoodman)

jectisnottofalter.AboutImonthafterthis I discoveredthat I wouldnothaveenoughR22taughteningdopetocompletethelastwingandaileron.Frantic 'phonecallstoSavwellsandRollasonswereofno avail.PinchinandJohnsonconfirmedthatIcould collectfromKingston,theusualsurchargetobeadded, buttherewasasnag—manufactureofthatparticular colourwouldnotbeUndertakenforatleastafurther month.Idecidedtogofurtherafieldandtelephoned DoncasterSailplanes.Apleasantsurprise—theydid haveonecanofR22IhurrieduptheAlthatnight sothat11couldcollectthepreciousdopewhenDoncasterSailplanesopenedthenextmorning.Final sprayingwascompletedthatweekend.

Theinteriortrimmingwascompletedwithsimulated leatherclothpurchasedfromBennettsinBrightonand byearlyMarch I wasreadytore-rigtheaeroplane. MyfriendlyhaulagecontractoragainloanedhislowloaderandearlyonSaturdaymorningMarch8thwe returnedtoShorehamAirportandafewhourslater thewingswerefixedontothefuselage.Fourweekends werethenspentoncompletingthere-assemblyand duringthistimeJohnPothecarycompletedallthe checksofairframecontrolsandsystems.

ThegreatdaywhentheCAAinspectormadehis finalcheckcoincidedwiththetestflightmadebyJohn Pothecarywithmeinthepassengerseat.Itwasamost satisfyingfeelingwhenthemachineliftedintotheair andperformedquitenormally.Ofcourse,thereisno reasonwhyitshouldnot,buthavinghaditinhundreds ofpiecesscatteredaroundthehouse,thereweretimes whenitdidseemquitehardtobelievealltheparts wouldcoatetogetheronedayandIlv.

TheCAAexannriersignedthespecialcategory certificateofairworthinessandatlastthere-buildwas complete.Whathaditcost? I hadboughtthemajority ofrecoveritemsinJanuary1974andtheremaining purchaseswerespreadoverayear,thetotalwas £374.00plustheCAAfeeorEl$00(thishassincebeen increased).Withover1,000hoursremainingonthe enginethismachineshouldnowbegoodforseveral yearsofservice.MythanksgotoJohnPothecaryfor hisinspectionandadvice,LaurieMansfieldfor numeroustools,sprayingequipmentandre-assembly help,toDavidPrattforboundlessenthusiasmand advice,toStevenSaywellofR.F.SaywellLtd.,for loansofdrawings,manuals,etc.,andfinallymywife whohadtolivewithanAusterinthehouseandall thatthatentailed.

AllpricesinchuleVAT(whereapplicable)andaresubject tochangewithoutnoticeduetoincreasesinpricesand currencyfthanations.

CharlieKilore-emergesofSolhleamMareh1975

G-AFFIFLYING?FLEA

WhybuildaFlyingFleawhich,toallintents,inits originalform,isuselessasaflyingmachine?We,being myself.DaveAllenandPeteBarber(whowastoleave alterafewmonthsbecauseofotheractivities)wereall inourearlytwenties,wehadnoexperienceofbuilding aeroplanesanditwasthereforegoodpractisetowards therealthingwhichwouldcomelater.Oncecompleted itwouldbeusefulasastaticexhibitforanaviation enthusiasts'groupwebelongto,AirYorkshire.

TheFlyingFlea,orPouduCielasitwasknownin thelanguageofitsFrenchoriginator.wasanaeroplanedesignedforhome-buildingintheearly1930's andcanpossiblyclaimtobethefirsttruehomebuilt design.HenriMignethadaburningdesiretoflybut foundIlewasunabletoco-ordinatehishandswithhis feetandthereforecouldnotmasterthecontrolsof conventionalaeroplaneswithjoystickandrudder pedals.Hedecidedtodesign,buildandHyhisown machinewithmoresimplecontrols—theresultwas theFlea.Thishadnorudderpedals,insteadcontrol waseffectedbyapivotedfrontwinglinkedtoajoystickwhichmoveditupanddownandbyarudder linkedtothesamejoystickbypulleys.Noailerons, no elevators,verysimple,butitwasnotafool-proof arrangement.Earlycrashesledtothediscoverythat inadivegreaterthan15degreesthefrontwingacted asaslotovertherear,themorethepilottriedtopull outofthedivebypullingbackonthestickthemore itdivedduetotheincreasingliftoftherearwing.The FleawasbannedsimultaneouslyinEnglandand Franceinl936.

Thedecisionseeminglywentalittledeeperthana designfaultwhichcouldhavebeenremedied(modified Fleasflyinquantityaroundtheworldtoday).The thoughtofalargenumberofthepopulationcharging roundthecountryintheirownaeroplaneswithout propercontrolmusthavebeentoomuchforthe authoritiestocontemplate.Indeedover80were registeredatthetimeofthebanandhundredsmore wereunderconstructioninBritainalone.Despiteits briefandunfortunatehistoryweowealottotheFlea whichwasinstrumentalinbringingthesystemof

'PermitstoFly'intooperation

Soitwasagainstthisbackgroundthatwoodwas firstcutonAugust12th.1973.Theplanshadbeen obtainedfromtheYorkshireAircraftPreservation GroupandMignet'soriginalbookfromtheShuttleworthTrust.InhisintroductionMignetstated"ifyou canbuildapackingcasethenyoucanbuildaFlying Flea-,notstrictlytruebutasfarasaeroplanesgoit wasaneasyonetobuild.

byS.Langfield

Thefuselagewasthefirstitemtobetackled.This wasmadefromaspruceframewithacoveringof3mm marineplywitha'lyre'shapedconstructionofhard woodinthenosetobeartheengine.Cascamitewood resinwasusedthroughoutforglueingwithliberaluse ofhouseholdpanelpins.Theundercarriageisapair oftrailerwheelsmountedonastraightaxlesprung withstretchedrubberbungee.Thecockpitinteriorwas varnishedandtheexteriorpaintedwithapolyurethane bluewiththeregistrationhandpainted in silver— G-AFTIbeingpreviouslyunallocated.

Rearsparwithribsclearlyshowhigtheunusualcarves

Forthemainwingavarietyorspansfromsixto fourmeterscouldbeusedandwesettledforthesix meterspanwithoutreallyknowingwhy.Thiswasbuilt upfrom18ribsof3mmplyandraminlathesonabox spar.Thesparisunusualinhavinganevencurvefrom thecentrewhichisquitepronounced.Thefabricused inthecoveringwasordinaryunbleachedcottonsheet whichprovedquiteadequate.Severalcoatsofdope wereappliedandthenordinaryhouseholdsilverpaint providedfinalcolour.Therearwingwasmadein exactlythesamemannerbutwithafourmeterspan. Therudderwascoveredwithacottonsheetintended forabed!

Turnbuckleswerehomemade,thebracingwire 'borrowediTheenginecamelateonafterwehad consideredseveralmodernmotorcycletwo-strokes. ItisaScottA2S,commonlyknownastheFlying Squirrel,theywerebuiltspeciallyfortheFleainthe 1930sandourexamplestillcarriedmountingsforthe FleaftisonloantousfromTedCoultonofBMIdon —towhomweareindebted.Itisinperfectworking orderandhashardlybeenusedduringitsforty-odd yearlife.Overtwentyhourswerespentcarvingthe mahoganypropellerfromthesolid-planswereprovidedinthebook.

TheFleawascompletedinJuly,1974--atacostof nomorethanCH50!Theenginewasrunsoonafter andproedthepropellertobeinperfectbalance.ft hasmadeseveralappearancesaroundYorkshire, firmlyrootedtothegroundofcourse.Itsdebutwasat Teeds1Bradfordairportwhenitwastakentothe FlyingClubintwotripsusingafamilysaloon,the wingswerecarriedontheroofrackandthefuselage wasintowbehindrunningonitsundercarriage.It was displayedatthe YorkshirePost buildinginLeedsfor twoweeksatanexhibitionof'unusualhobbies'.the newspaperhadshownanactiveinterestinitsconstruction.Finally,inAugust,1974,itwastakenthe 30orsomilestotheSSATAairdisplayatRAF ChurchFenton.ThistimeitwastakeninaFordLuton Nan.TheFlea was taxiedaroundtheairfieldunder its cmn poweranddemonstratedadmirableground handlingqualities.

In1975wehopetotakeittoSywell,thoughwhile itisinfullworkingorderitwillbeoneaeroplane whichwillnottakepartintheflying.

PopularHyinu.July-August.1975

TheflashedPeaG-AITI

BEWARETHEPITCHINGMOMENT

Forthosepeoplewholiketo"rolltheirown,-some ofthetechnicaljargonofaeroplanesmustseemabit confusing.PerhapsTmightdomybesttoheightenthe confusionandincreasethesaleofplansbyother people!DoIhearcriesofshame?WellIoughtto!

TomakesurethatfolkslikeyouandIhavesome basicdatatogoon,therearesomebewilderingtestson aerofoil(orwing)sectionspublished.Thebiggest collectionbeingthe TheoryofWingSections byAbbott andVonDoenhoff.Sothattheresultsoftheirwork canbeusedontheSuperTurbandthefourengined SuperCowCarriertheexpertshavetousesomeform ofscale.Infacttheyusetwotypesofscale.Thefirst scaleisknownastheReynoldsNumber,thisisthe productofchordinfeetmultipliedbyspeedinfeetper secondmultipliedby6394atsealevel.Thislatternumberreferstothekinematicviscosityofairandalows theresultstobeusedfordifferentatmospheres.ReynoldsNumbersareasyoucanseemeasuredinmillions andtheR.N.atwhichthosegraphswereobtainedare indicated.Becarefulwhereyougetyouraerofoil characteristicsfromasatonetime,thepresent"cleantestconditionsdidnotapplyandresultswerecorrespondinglylessaccurate.

Sothatwecanrelatewindtunneltestsonwingsto thefullsizethingmanhascreatedcoefficients.Theone mostusuallyquotedistheliftcoefficientorCL.The liftonatestwingisdividedbyitsarea(S)andthenby thedynamicpressureoftheairstream.Ifwethink aboutitareatimespressuregivesaforcesothatCL hasnodimensions.Dragistreatedinsimilarmanner togiveadragcoefficientCD.Bymultiplyingthelift coefficientofouraerofoilbythewingareaofouraeroplaneinsqlt.,thenbythesquareofthespeedand dividingby841wecangettheliftofourwingatsea level.

Ofcoursetherehastobeacatch.Theresultsof windtunneltestsarepresentedforwinesthatstretch toinfinityineachdirection,whichouraeroplanesdo not.Correctionmustbemadetotheresultstoallow forthespanwisevariationinloadandthiscalculation isshowninthe LightAircraftDesignHandbook availablefromyourfriendlyneighbourhoodP.F.A.Office.

Indaysofoldtheaerofoilcharacteristicsshowedthe positionofthewingcentreofpressure.inmodern parlancethishasbeenreplacedwithapitchingmoment co-efficientCm.Astheliftmovesalongthewineithas beenfoundthatthereisapointaboutwhichthe pitchingmomentremainsreasonablyconstant.This pointistheaerodynamiccentreofthesectionandits locationisgivenonthereports.

Insteadoftryingtobalancetheaeroplanewiththe wineliftactinginadifferentplaceforeachchangeof incidence,wenowhavetheliftconstantatthea.c.and theoriginalmovementcateredforbythepitching moment.

Theaerodynamiccentreisusuallyaround25 ofthechordbackfromtheleadingedge,itisoften convenienttomeasuretailarmsbetweenquarter chordpointsofthewingandtailunit.Butwe digress.Thepitchingmomentco-efficientisthe momentdividedbyarea,dynamicpressureand, becauseitisamoment,thechordoftheaerofoilconcerned.Inchoosineanaerofoilforyouraeroplane youwillobviouslygoforahighmaximumliftcoefficienttokeepthestallingspeedlow;anda lowdragco-efficientsothatyourVolksdoesnot strainitself.Howeverhowdoesthepitchingmoment comeintoit?

Mostlightaeroplaneshaveatailplanetobalance them.Theloadonthetailplaneisdeterminedbytaking momentsabouttheaerodynamiccentreoftherestof

theaeroplane.Tosimplifythingsletusassume(somewhatrashly)thatthefuselagedoesnotproduceany pitchinemomentofitsown,neitherdoesitshiftthe a.c.Ifthecentreofgravity(e.g.)iskfeetbehindthe a.c.andthea.c.ofthetailplaneis1footbehindthe c.g.,thenbymomentsaboutthea.c.ofthewing: +k)-Wk+M wherePisthebalancinguploadonthetailplane.

ItcanthereforebeseenthatahighCmcangivea hightailload.Ofcoursethisisasimplifiedcaseat1g andyoucanobviouslyjugglethegeometrytohelp you.Howeverthisshouldshowthatsomeofthe superdooperlaminarflowsectionspopularonsailplanesmaynotbequitesogoodonaclosecoupled ultralightaeroplane.Withatailarmofsomething overfourwingchordsahighCmmaynotbesignificantcomparedwiththeweighttermintheabove equation.HoweverwiththeHotShot'stailarm(1±k) ofaroundtwochordswecouldfindquiteanastylump ofdownloadaroundtheneverexceedspeedgivinga severestressingcaseonthetailplanespars.

Ofcoursethetailplanemaynotbetheonlyvictim. TheforcescausingCmwillalsobetwistingthewing inflight.Thiscanbeminimisedbyputtingthesparsin therightplaceanchorprovidinganicestifftorsion box.

Perhapsthisdissertationistooelementaryforsome andtooconfusingforothers.ITsoIamsorry.Howeverifonepersonisnowbetterabletounderstandthe gobbledegookweputupwiththenthat'swhatitisall about!

BewaretheCmomyson

Thepeakystall,thedraggyone

Bewarethetorsionanddebar

Thebendingtailplanespar.

AIR-BRITAIN

ByC.G. AFT

InternationalAssociationofAviationHistorians, founded1948,ispleasedtoannouncethe availabilityofthelatestmonographsofinterest toPFAmembers:

1975UK&EIRECIVILREGISTERS

Detailstheregistration,type,c/n.previous identities,registeredownersandbaseofaircraft currenttoG-BCXRandEl-BAH.112pages, includingphotos.£1.45(95ptoAir-Britain members).

1975FRENCHREGISTERS

SimilardetailscurrenttoJanuaryofthoseinthe F-B,F-0,F-W,F-ZandF-P(lightandhomebuiltmachines)series.116pages,including photos.£1.50(Htomembers).

Manyothercivilandmilitarytitlesavailable.

Orders/Enquirieslo:

Air-BritainSales(Dept.PEA)

StoneCottage,GreatSampford,SaffronWalden, Essex.

Membershipenquiries (with7pstampor50pp.o.forspecimencopies ofmonthly News and hi-mon/NIDigest) to Hon.Registrar(Dept.PFA), 208StockRoad,Billericay,Essex

AlanCuIlimoreNsoriginal1946EreoveatMonewden,Wolk.

ArenewedefforttocontactallcurrentGroupsas wellasmanywhohavebeenaffiliatedoverthepast fewyearshasproducedaveryencouragingresponse andshowsthatatleastthirty-twoareverymuchalive ofwhichtwenty-threearecurrentlyoperatingaircraft. Theremainderareeitherbusyrestoringorbuilding theirownmachinesorsocietiesofgeneralaeronautical interest--sohopefullywecanlookforwardtocountingmoreamongtheranksof'operationalGroups. Whatbetterwayofreapingtherewardsofacommunal efforttobuildyourownaircraftthantocontinueto operateitatprobablythecheapestratethatitis possibletoachieve.

TheenormousburdenoftheincreasedVATrate imposedonourparticularbrandofleisureactivityby theChancellorinhisAprilBudgettogetherwith drasticchanges(includingpricing!)proposedbythe CivilAviationAuthoritywho,chargedwiththebrief tointroduceaprogrammeof'effectivecostrecovery. haveturnedtheirattentiontolicensingandother associatedfunctionswillundoubtedlyhaveitseffect. Fortunatelythesealmostpunitivemeasureswillhave lessimpactonthecostsofrunningtheGroupoperated aircraftwithitshighdegreeofvoluntaryadministrationandselfmaintenancethanonthecommercialor schooloperatedaeroplane.AlloperationalGroups havebeencirculatedwiththeCAAproposalsandbeen canvassedfortheirobservationsonbothsubjectsand apaperisbeingproducedontheVATaspectsfor guidance

Theproposalsarelikelytohaveagreaterbearing onouractivitiesthananythingyetformulatedsoitis obviouslyimportantthatyouropinionistakeninto account. If youhavenotalreadydoneso,takethe troubletowritetodaysothatwcmaycountyourview.

ReturningtothethemeofbuildingthenHyingyour ownaeroplaneasaGroup—MichaelWright,SecretaryoftheCrantechFlyingGroupbasedonCranfieldAerodrome,Bedfordshirewritestosaythat theGroup,whoseChairmanisWayneOsborneof Triumphmotorcycleenginepoweredsailplanefame.

operatesahomebuiltCondorthattheyacquiredwith onlyafewhours'ontheclock'fromnewarealsovery closetocompletingaJodelD.1Ithattheyhavebuilt fromscratch."ProgressontheJodelisgoingonapace withtheGroupnowon'nightshill'!Thecowlinghas beenmade,andthenttingisnowbeingcarriedout. Thewinghashadthelastcoatsofdopeandwillbe paintedshortly...Soundsafamiliarstage—justasthe excitementisbuildingup.TheyhopetohavetheaeroplaneatSywell—ifthefiddlybitsandpaperworkgo throughwithoutahitch.

Describedasmoreanassociationoffriendsby nominalSecretaryAlanCullimore.theMonewden HyingGroupiscentredaroundfouraircrafton JohnWright'sfarmstripnearthedisusedairfieldof DebachinSuffolk.TheaircraftincludeaJodelDI17 andanoriginalErcoupeownedbyAlanhimself.This aircraft,builtin1946isbelievedtobetheonlyactive exampleinEnglandalthoughthereareseveralofthe outwardlysimilarAircoupes.Alan'smachinecame hereviaSwedenwhichhascausednotalittleconfusiontotheoccasionallicensedengineerwhen examininglogbooks.TheGrouphavefew,ifany meetingsoftheCommitteebutgetonwiththeserious businessofflyingandrunningtheairfield.They operateontheverysoundpremisethatyouwillnever getairbornebytalkingaboutit!

Theremaybemanypeoplewhoareconsidering clubbingtogethertooperateanaircraftonacommunalbasisorconsideringforminganassociation withcommonaeronauticalinterests.Fullinformation onGroupformationandoperationisavailablefrom

Headquarters

Finally—forseveralyearsnowthe MaselieldTrophx --anawardforGroupsshowingexceptionalachievementinthissectorofPEAactivitieshasnotbeencontested.ftishopedthatifenoughinterest Call be Lreneratedthiscompetitionserieswillbereintroduced. NeverthelessalloperationalGroupswillhavean OpportunitytocompeteforanexclUsiveaward this yearatSywell'75.Sotobeabletotake part—Make stileMalyffiti Groupaircr0isthere_

BookReview

TheObserver'sSovietAircraftDirectory.ByWilliam GreenandGordonSwanborough.

Yetanotherinthepopular"Observer's"rangeof books.Forthespotterorarmchairenthusiastthis volumeunderscrutinyfillsitsnicheverywell.The chancesofseeingSovietmilitaryaircraftintheflesh aretosaytheleastminimalunlessoneispreparedto sufferthefateofthetwoill-advisedyoungmen recentlyreleasedfromanEastEuropeanjail.

TheSovietAircraftDirectoryprovidesanenormous amountoferuditematerialonknownRussianaircraft developmentandbuilding,thoughnaturallyshortof suchspotters'delightsasmanufacturers'construction numbersandtotalproduction.

Theopeninglistingsarespecificonthematterof copiesmadeofWesternaircraftinWorldWarIfand theimmediatepostwaryears,suchastheTU-4and Li2(DC.3),butsuddenlybecomescoyindescriptions oflaterbuiltaircraftwhichowemuchtotheefficiency ofindustrialespionageasopposedtothepolitical variety.Itisaskingtoomuchofco-incidencetocomparetheIL62andVC10asbeingseparatedesignsat atimewhennoothermanufacturerhadplacedrear mountedturbinesonwhatisessentiallyacommon mount.Earlier,theBritannia,a1944design(atatime whenRussiawasanally)surelyinspiredtheIL18,a lesssuccessfulaircraft,thoughbuiltinmuchlarger numbers.

Onapersonalnote,itisbelievedthatthephotographoftheIL14carryingUnitedArabRepublic markingsonpage139,isthemachineabandonedafter anavigationalerrorbyNorthYemenforcesata landingstripintheBeihanareaofthethenAdenProtectorateandinwhichthiswriterhadsomeverysmall concern.

Ifyouareinterestedinyourpossiblefutureaviation ally(orfoe)thenthisisthebookforyou.Excellently presented,superblyillustrated,at£3.25expensive,but ifthereistobeanothereditionitwillundoubtedly costmore.

THEOBSERVER'SSOVIETAIRCRAFTDIRECTORY. By WilliamGreenandGordonSwanborough.Published byFredk.Warne&Co.,Ltd255pp.f3-25.

P.M.D.

TheObserver'sBookofAircraft.ByWilliamGreen. Atseventy-fivepencethismustbetheaviation bargainoftheyear.The24thedition,thisfatlittle volumecarriesallthelatestdetailsofmanufacturers' mods.,swepttailsandthelike.Ifyoucan'ttella NorthropF-5EfromaNorthropYE-17thenyouneed thisone.Itevenhasdetailsofrealcivilaeroplaneslike BAC1-11's!

THEOBSERVER'SBOOKOEAIRCRAFT.

ByWilliamGreen.

PublishedbyFredk.Warne&Co.Ltd.,40Bedford Square,London.75p.

PMD

NOTICETOPHOTOGRAPHERS

PopularFlying isalwayspleasedtoreceive photographsthatarelikelytobeofinterestto ourreaders.However,photographsnotused arekeptinourextensivelibraryforfuture reference.Shouldyousendinphotosorother materialthatisrequiredback,pleaseseethat thisismarkedclearlyoneachitem.Inanycase, photographsshouldbearyournameandaddress onthereverse,inorderthatwecancredityou withthemifusedatalaterdate.

MainDistributors.for CLEVELANDWHEELSANDBRAKES

Comprehensivestocks&breakdownsparesheld.

Asmaindistributorskr

weholdafullrangeofAerospaceBearingsand aircraftpulleysinstock.

RECOVERWITHREPUTATIONCECONITE

ThemostwidelyusedmaterialinNorthAmerica

Weare 17011' UKagentsatm'holdcomprehensive stocks.

R.F.SAYWELL(SALES)LTD.

ShorehamAirport,Shoreham-by-Sea,Sussex Telephone:Shoreham62652

MINTECHAPPROVALNO. 12814

FLYINGFORFUNfromAtoZ

Altimeters.ASIs,AGS,Adhesives,Alternators. Betas.Brakes,Bolts,Batteries,Baffles,Brackets,Bushes. Condors,Carburettors,Cables,CylinderTempKits,Controls, Crankshafts,Canopies,Cowlings,Cylinders,Cornpasses. Dope,Drives,Ducting,DrainValves. Engines(Continental,Gipsy,Lycoming.Ardent),Extinguishers,ExhaustPipes. Fillers,FuelCocks,FuelPumps.Fittings,FlyingWires,Fabric,Fork Ends,Fasteners.

Generators,GMeters,Gyros,Glue,Grommets,Gaskets,Gauges Harness,Ilinges,HomebuildersService.

Instruments,InvertedSystems,InformationPackages,Inspeceion Panels_ Jodels,JubileeClips,Jets, KitsforVWconversionsandCylinderTemperature. Leads.LogBooks,LandingLights.

Magnetos,Manuals,MasterCylinders,MixtureControls. NavigationLights,Nameplates,Notices,Nuts,Needles. OilPressure,OilTemperatureGauges,0Rings.

Plans,Propellers,Plugs,Plywood,Pins,PilotHeads,Plexiglass, Pulleys,Pistons. QuickReleaseFasteners.

ReyCounters,RateofClimbIndicators,RodEnds,Rings,Racing specialists.

Stampes,SmokeSystems,Starters,Shackles,Spruce,Spinners, Switches,Spats,Screws.

Tigers,Turbulents,Tyres,Tubes,Turnbuckles,Tailwheels,Tanks, Tape,ToningHooks.

Undercarriages.

VoltageRegulators,ventilators,VacuumPumps,Valves. Wheels,Wires,Windscreens.

XeroxCopyingService, Yourenquiriesarealwayswelcome. Zerohourengineoverhauls.

Andwrite,tallat'visit

ROLLASONAIRCRAFTANDENGINESLIMITED BRIGHTON,HOVE&WORTHINGJOINTMUNIC.AIRPORT, SHOREHAM-BY-SEA,SUSSEX,BN45FJ

Telephone:Shoreham-by-Sea(Sussex)62680

POPULARFLYINGispublishedin Januaryandthereafterinalternate months.Alladvertisementstobesent to:AdvertisementManager,Popular FlyingAssociation,TerminalBuilding, ShorehamAirport,Shoreham-by-Sea, Sussex.

Semi-displaypercolumninch£300. Lineage(minimumthreelines)perline 44p.Discounts:seriesofthree5%. Seriesofsix10%.Agencies10%.

HOMEBUILDERSUPPLIES. 4130 SteelTube,comprehensiverange.Grade "A"Fabric.ButyrateDopeandThinners. A.N.Hardware:nuts,bolts,etc.Control Cable.NicopressFittings.Instruments. SomeAG.S.Hardware.Approvedweldingservice.Sendyourrequirementslistfor quotationtoLysterAviation,24Orsett Avenue,Leigh-on-Sea,EssexSS94TT.

GLIDERS,TWO-SEATERFORSALE

Bergfalke11/55, licensed,basicinstrumentation,askingprice-DM5,000.

Bergfalke11I, licensed,basicinstrumentation,overhauled,askingprice: DM 12,000.Pleaseaddressenquiriesto: BayerischerLuftfahrtvereinMtinchen, D 8 - Mfinchen5,Baaderstr.71.(Telephone: duringtheday-7207228;evenings -269657.Mr. Hofmann).

FREE! rbe t,illeencitr

aos rw ounroFenreeAdverts.peryear,subjecttobeingofnon-businessnature andtospacebeingavailable. QuoteMembershipNo.

For£1.50wewillincludeaphoto ofAeroplanesforSale.

ThePFAdoesnotnecessarily guaranteeorendorseanyproduct offeredthroughouradvertising.

Members'attentionisparticularly drawntobuiltandpartly-built Aircraft. Theyshouldsatisfythemselves thatthemachinehasbeenclearedto P.F.A.standardsiftheysubsequently intendtooperateitthroughthe P.F.AAirworthinessfacilities.

COMPASS-PS type,boxed,needsre sealing.£15.MikeTurner,48bChestei Way,Kennington,London,5E11.

AUTOGYROS. Poweredandunpowered. Info.pack60p.W.H.Ekin(Eng.)Co. Ltd.,Crumlin,Co.Antrim,N.Ireland.

VP2AIRFRAME. 80%complete,all fittingsandrelevantpaperwork.£350. AlsoVW1700crankcases-new-£25.2s/h 1700heads-£25.Ones/h1500/1600twin porthead,nearnew-£15.Sellingdueto lackoftime.JohnCoxon,Barnsley 754233.

RADIOWANTED. 360ch.VHFtransreceiverandharness-mustbelight-for singleseathomebuilt,reasonableprice. ContactMikeTurner,48bChesterWay, Kennington,London,SEI1.

CONTINENTALENGINEC90-14. Complete,nilhours.Price£1,500ornearest offer.T.GreenwoodBelvoir,Newton ToneyRoad,Allington,Salisbury,Wilts. SP4ODA.Telephone:Idmiston(STD 098061)697.

PLANS. PL4,completeplansplus2yr. newslettersandchangenotices.£30.Also UnmodifiedVW1500-00.ApplyMike Catton,Horndean(0705)594847.

PLANSWANTED.Genagobieplusinstruction handbook.Willswapunused BD4 plansorsellseparately.P.W.White, 19HillcrestRoad,Romsley,Halesowen, W.Midlands,BG2OPB.

WANTED. ContinentalA65Engine.Nil orlowhours,SM01-1preferred.Possible partexchangeofgoodA65with250hrs. togo,ifrequired.C.A.Parker,I0Tarrant Way,Moulton,Northampton(44287).

WANTED. PopularFlying,March72, MayandMarch71andanybefore1971. Alsowantphotos,colourslidesand negativesofBritishVet/Vint a/cand homebuilts.Alsoavailablefordisposal18 copiesSportAviationmainly72/74and largenumberofa/cnegs.ApplyP.F.A.

ANANNOUNCEMENTofNational Importance PercivalMewGull,G-AEXF, isscheduledforcompletionsummer1977. Youcanhelpbyfindinganyserviceable Instruments.Weneedacompletesetof GipsyQueenIIengineinstruments(ex Proctor?),Compass,Altimeter,D.l.and asetofMagisterundercarriageseals.We willpayreasonableratesforaformblock forthewindscreen(drawingssupplied) andapatternforthewheelspats.Please contactTomStorey,Jockeys,Brooks Green,Horsham,Sussex.Coolham249.

WANTED. StarterringforLycoming 0-235C.FORSALE-TwoCessnawing tanks,about15gallseach-anyoffers? RidleyKendall,3TheMount,Throckley Newcastle-on-Tyne.675876.

DUTONMINORPROJECTforsale. 65to100HPtandem2seater.Wood/ Fabric/FoldingWing.Tailassemblybuilt, fuselagepartbuilt,somewingribsfinished. Mosttimber,metalftgs,steeltube,lift struts,requiredforcompletionincluded. Sensibleofferforcompleteprojectrequired,orwouldconsiderexchangefor singleseatproject.MikeAdams,3School Road,Fawley,Hants,SO4ITA.

LUTONBUZZARD pusherstructure planscompendiumhistorical,educational £35IgorBest-Devereux,136Oakdale, WelwynGardenCity.

WANTED.Shareinlightaircraft;will alsohelptomaintaininreturnforPPL tuition.Laker,PostOffice,Hartfield, Sussex.

COMPLETE1200cc RollasonArden engineinstallationincludingmountings, cowlings,propeller,fueltank,filter,tacho drive,oilpressuregaugeandcontrols. £275.TelephonePeterHouston,Nutfield Ridge3203.

WANTED. LutonMinorV.W.engineto frameattachementboltsandTachosuitablesame. ForSALE: NewSparkplugs 8REM38P.4REM40Ps.A.Morris,4 BroomsquireRoad,Bagshot,Surrey. Bagshot74314.

CIRCUITWANTED and/orManualfor BendixVHF360Chmodel1RT22l. NormanFoxTewin(Herts.)433.

AIRCRAFTPROPELLERBOLTS.H.T. B.S.F.threadedrplusplainlength 3.1"stamped3IG.20peach,postfree. DonPeacock,MeadowCottage,Ardleigh Heath,Colchester,Essex,C077QB.

PFAAPPROVED PROPELLERS

VW1200. £56-50

VW1500 £61-00

VW1600.. £69-00

ContinentalA65. £71-50

MikronIII. £75-00

SpecialOrderstoquote

VWCylinderHeadMachiningService £15-50including10mmPlugsand LongSocket

R.WATLING-GREENWOOD Ridgewood,Uckfield,Sussex Tel.:Uckfield3242

*IMPORTANTANNOUNCEMENT*

PressRelease:

ROLLS-ROYCEMO1ORSLimited,SpecialistandLightAircraft Division,havedecidedtoofferspecialtermsforamateurbuildersof ultra-lightaircraftwhowishtousenewRolls-RoyceContinental enginesintheiraeroplanes.Theschemewillbeadministeredbythe PopularFlyingAssociationandwillbeavailabletogenuineamateur constructorsorgroupswhoarebuildinganultralightaircraftand whoaremembersoftheP.F.A.Theschemeisdesignedtohelpthe amateurtocompletehisownaircraftandencouragetheuseofBritish builtengines.

ThePopularFlyingAssociationwarmlywelcomesthegestureofhelp foritsmanymembersinthe'home-built'andultralightaviation movementwhohaveinthepastbeenstrugglingtofindsuitableengines fortheirprojects.

Fulldetailsoftheschememaybeobtainedonapplicationtothe PopularFlyingAssociation,ShorehamAirport,Shoreham-by-Sea, Sussex.

FABULOUSFRED

CHANGEOFADDRESS:WoodsAeroplanes,S.A.,aremovingtothemainland andoverthenextcoupleofmonthsreplys anddeliverieswillbedelayed.Sorryabout this.Thenewaddresswillbepublishedas soonaspossible.UntilthensendtoIsle ofWight.

ANHARDWARE—FUELSYSTEMS— KITSforVP-IandVP-2,Sonerai,Pazmanyandwecansupplyalmostanything exceptrawmaterials.S.A.E.pleaseand 40pfor48pagecatalogue.WoodsAeroplanesS.A.,30WilberforceRoad,Brighstone,IsleofWight,P0304BD.

STOLperformanceonVWorLawranceengines.De-rigsand rigsaseasilyasaglider.Roadable.Plansincluderoadfittings. Easytofly.Cheaptobuild.Longestsinglecomponent12'9' long.Plansconsistof25highlydetailedsheets.

PerSet—EIS-00

Informationsheet,3viewdrawing,photograph—50p. ERICCLUTTON,92NEWLANDSSTREET,SHELTON, STOKE-ON-TRENT,STAFFORDSHIRE,ENGLAND

MATERIALSwantedforbuildingTaylor Monoplane,especiallyTimber,spruce, etc.Musthavereleasenotes.Pleasedstate quantityandpricetoBobCole,52Kinross Avenue,Lipsom,Plymouth,PL47EX.

AIRCRAFT—AusterAutocrat.Excellent order,CirrusMinor2A,45hourstorun, £600ornearoffer.NewCofAabout£50 extra—contactMr.Cox,19ChurchRoad, WinterbourneDown,BristolBS171BX.

MAGNETOS—ScintillatofitVW£15., Wipac4cylinder,new,£20,Scintillafit ford£15.ApplyMr.Cox,19Church Road,WinterbourneDown,BristolBS17 1BX

GROUPFLYING.S.W.London.Beagle Pup£300premiumplus£4.50perhour. RingWokingharn785573.

LEATHERFLYINGJACKETrequired. MichaelJoseph,LorengauCottage,Forest Green,Dorking,Surrey.

BENSENGIROGLIDER75%complete.PhoneMikeAlliott.Godalming 5710evenings.(Surrey).

TWOV.W.ENGINES.£25&£30.Tel. WalthamCross21226(NorthLondon).

TEENIETWOPLANSforsale,unused, plusinstructionbooklet,Parker'sVW conversiondetails,etc.£15.JohnHill, 01-788-6759.

INSTRUMENTS--ArtificialHorizon, SmithsMkle,Vacuumdriven,newand unissued.Turnandslip,KelvinHughes Mk2a,24vdc.Bestofferover£10.Steeple Claydon480(Bucks.).

Repairs,overhaulsandCofArenewalsatconcessionrates tomembersofthe

CORNWALLFLYINGCLUB

UnrestrictedA.,B.andC.licencecoverage.Specialistsintherebuildingandre-fabricingofwoodandcanvastypes.Hourlycharge £2-50forlicensedand£2.00forun-licensedengineers.

ASSOCIATECLUBMEMBERSHIPONLY50p

Nolandingchargestomembersandthe CheapestFlyingintheCountryat£11perhr.DualorSoloinchVAT!

CometoCornwallforyourholiday

FreecampingsiteatairfieldforClubMembers

AndgohomewithyourPPL!

Webuy,forreducingtosparesandrebuilding:alldamagedandout ofCofAaircraft.Wehavesubstantialstocks,includingenginesfor RallyeClubsandTripacers

We requiretheservicesofafullyqualifiedInstructorforthemonths June/Septemberinclusive.Castironreferencesrequired.Telephone ChiefEngineeratCardinham255,orChairmanatDobwalls584

SHORROCKTRANSISTORISEDVHF transmitter/receiverforsale,complete withcrystalsandheadset,alsoP.8compasswithcompensaterboxandkeyas new,offers.HaroldSwift.04016341.

WANTED—TyresandTubestosuitmy TaylorMono,hubssize124"xx44". Exchangeorsellmetalpropellorbelieve Proctor,slightdamage,butrepairable. RoyBaginger,59PospectRd.,Cheshunt, Herts.

MAGNETOSWANTED.LucasSR4, alsospareparts.Pleasesenddetailsfor onwardtransmissiontoneedyconstructors.DonPeacock,MeadowCottage, ArdleighHeath,ColchesterCO77BQ MOTORISEDGLIDERWANTED— preferably2seat.BillBrown,8Mansfield Road,BalmulloLeuchars.

LUCASSR4MAGNETOforsale.Offers toG.A.Shepherd,23Waveney,Grovehill,HemelHempstead,Herts.

RADIO—Collins360ChannelVHF re-lifedwithcertificate.Compactsetwith powerpack.Preston718559.

AIRCRAFT—Re-builtJodelD119.Good -enginepotential,fullpanel,VHF,Wings fullyre-furbishedandre-covered.Professionallyre-trimmedinternally.Preston 718559.

PROSPECTIVEULTRA-LIGHTbuilder hasworkshopspaceavailable(Peterslield, Hants.)foroneotherconstructor,with viewtojointbuildingprogramme.VPIor 2?BoxNo.419,PFAOffice.

LUCAS5R4MAGNETOSforsale.Two inworkingorder,oneforspares.Also unusedsetofPeacockconversionplans. £25thelot.JohnHill,01-788-6759.

CIRRUSMINORENGINEWANTED, Mk2or2aORLycomingEngine,with mount,cowls,prop,etc.,suitablefor AusterV.PhoneBridlington4783or writeJ.D.Brompton,5ThorntonRoad, Brislington,E.Yorks.

BETAFUSELAGE,Tailplane,Rudder, Elevators,completewithpaperwork,plus manyparts.PhoneMr.Head,01-452-3376 Ex6495(London NW9).

SOPWITHTRIPLANEREPLICA,80% complete,comprisingsixmainplanes (withailerons),centresection,fin,rudder andelevators,allcoveredanddopedto finalcolourscheme.Horizontalstabiliser coveredbutnotdoped.Fuselagesubstructurecomplete,mainwheelsandtyres Lycoming0-290-3enginewithprop(about 300hrs.left).Completesetwkngdrawings (fromSopwithoriginals).Designcalcs. withcomputerprint-outscompletebut notyetsubmittedforappvl.Mosthardwaretocompleteproject.Whatam1 offered?MikeAlliott,Godalming5710 evenings.(Surrey).

FLYINGONA BUDGET?

Whynothavemoretospendonyouraeroplane andequipment.

Ourcredittermsforinsuranceneedcostyou nothing.

ALLTYPESOFAIRCRAFTINSURANCE

Accident,LifeorEndowmentCover forPilotsandPassengers

(DoesthePassengerLiabilitySectionofyour Policycoveryourfamily?)

InsuranceagainstlossofFlyingLicence

TRAFFORDFACILITIES

LTD.

AssociatedInsuranceBrokers

151HATFIELDROAD ST.ALBANS,HERTS.

TelephoneNos.:54967&52396

Doncaster

Tel.—Dunstable62068 OPEN

StocksofmostmaterialsfortheHomeBuilder

Fabric,343,575,Linen7E1/5CandDacron

Dope(ClearandColour),PinchinJohnson, TitanineandRhodius

Spruce,PolishPineandAsh

ControlCablesmadeuptoorder

Adhesives,AeroliteandAerodux

Fibreglass,ResinandMicroballoons

SteelTube,SheetandRod

GL1AircraftPlyfrom0.8mm.to3.0mm.thick

Widerangeofinstrumentsinstock

C.A.A.welding.Machiningandre-sprays

Sends.a.e,firpricelist

G.L.Iaircraftbirchply0.8mmto5mm. Fabric-2weightsforsupportedandunsupported areas.

Dope—tauteningandcolouretc. Jointingcompound—forwood/metal. Spruce,DouglasFir,WhitePine,Ash,gradeA. A.S.I.V.S.1.compassesetc.etc.

S.5I4andS.510steelsheetandT45tubes. Controlcablemadeuptoorder.

V.P.I.Cavaliermaterials. Cavalierplansandallrawmaterialtobuild. Fibreglassandresin,releaseagent,pigmentetc. Sends.a.e.forpricelist

0302-65381,-61713,4355