Popular Flying May/June 1974

FROMTHEPFASHOP:

LightAircraftDesignExamplebyLloydJenkinson

TheframedoriginalofthisdrawingwillbepresentedtothewriterofthebestcaptionsenttotheEditors.

Popular Flying

Editedby: ALANDUNN MIKEGRIGSON JOHNHAFFENDEN

Secretary: JENNIFERPOTIIECARY

EditorialAddress: TerminalBuilding, ShorehamAirport, Shoreharn-by-Sea, Sussex.8N45FF

Telephone: Shoreham-by-Sea61616

Here'stothe NextOne!

SYWELL,onemightsay,isnow a'household'word,notonlyinthe ranksofthePFAbutinaviation circlesthroughouttheU.K.and inaneverincreasingnumberof 'foreignparts'.Sowhat,wemay askourselves,hascausedthename ofasmallgrassairfieldinNorthamptonshiretoassumethisadded magicandfame,amongstthe aviationfraternityingeneraland theultralightaviatorinparticular?

ItisofcoursethePFAandits annualrallythathasbeenresponsibleforturningtheturfofSywell aerodromeinto'Hallowed'ground onatleastoneoccasioneachyear, tothedelightofallgrassroots aviators,Vintageenthusiasts, amateurconstructors,gyronauts andinfactjustaboutanyonewith aninterestin'flyingforfun'.

Likeotherfamousaviationevents suchas,FarnboroughAirShow, thePFASywellRallyhascome toprominenceandgrowninstature overanumberofyearsbyproducingawellorganised'Show' tosatisfyandinterestitssupporters andleavingthemwithastrong

MAY-JUNE1974

CFIAIRMAN'SPAGE

7-5ENJOYTHESKY—PARTH

6PROJECTS

7-9RETURNHOMEOFTHEHORNET

10-11VINTAGENEWS

12-13LETTERS

14-16"SKYLARK"

16DIARYDATES

17 MILES--PASTANDPRESENT

18-19AMATTEROFMOMENTS

20-21THEMANUALHAWKSAILPLANE

22PFAWINGSSCHEME

23 BOOKREVIEW

TheviewsexpressedinPOPULARFLYLVGarethoseofthe contributorsandnornecessarilythoseoftheP.F.A.ThePublishers retaintherighttorefuseorwithdrawadvertisementsattheirdiscretionanddonoracceptliabilityfordelayinpublicationorfor clericalorprinter'serrorsalthougheverycareistakenroavoid mistakes.

desiretocomeagainnexttime.

Nexttimeforusisofcourse 'Sywell74'whichwehope,ifthe weatheriskind,willonceagain confirmourclaimtoholdthe largestgatheringoflightaircraft inEuropeandtoaPFAmember withoutdoubtthemostinteresting.

Wehavecomealongwayinthe lastfewyears,sincetakingpartin F.3thefirst'flyingforfun'rally asoneofanumberofparticipating organisationsunderthepatronage oftheAirLeague,tobecoming themainingredientsandlatterly takingovertheresponsibilityfor organisingtheentirerallyasa whollyPFAaffair,withaninvitationtoothermovementsto joininthefun.

Thispositionwasgainedbyour usualhardcoreofstalwartsbacked byalargeandeverincreasingband ofenthusiasticPFAmembers,who haveshownthattheynotonly havethemanagementabilityto setuptheorganisation,butcan alsoproducetheworkforceand necessaryspecialistsequippedto carryitthroughwithsuccess.

Sywellhasbecomewithoutdoubt theshopwindowofthePFAwhere theamateurconstructorcanshow theendresultofmanyyearsof dedicatedeffortintheshapeofhis

completedorpartcompletedaircraft,toencouragethepotential memberandconstructor,orto delightthemanyenthusiastswho comealongtomarvelatthe ingenuityandcraftsmanshipof thesebeautifulandinterestingaeroplanes.

SoletushopethatEVERY memberwithahomebuiltaeroplaneinflyingcondition,flysit into'SYWELL74'andnotonly makesourrallythelargestgathering ofaircrafttobeseeninoneplace in1974buttobethegreatest gatheringofEuropeanhomebuilt aircraftevertobeseeninone placeatanytime.

Thereforeletusshowtoallwho care,thefullstrengthofour movementandthequalityofthe product,sothatthereisnodoubt astothefutureofourkindof Britishlightaviationandthe growingawarenessthatthePFA isthemovementthatkeepsitalive.

SeeyouallatSYWELL!

DAVIDF.FAULKNER-BRYANT.

CoverComment:

NielWilliamsflyingK.D.C.St. Cyrens'PupenroutetoRedhill.

PFAEXECUTIVECOMMITTEE

President: Ajeonn.G.J.C. PAUL, C.B.,D.F.C.,M.A.,C.Eng.,F.R.Ae.S.

Chairman: D.F. FAULKNER-BRYANT

Hon.Treasurer: Capt.E.S.Dywls,

Treasurer: L.W. SHAW, D.Ae.,CEng.,A.F.R.Ae.S., A.M.SL.Ae.T.

EngineeringOfficer:

GyroRepresentative: P. LOVEGROVE

GroupSecretary: G.W. GOWLAND

VintageRepresentative:

F. A. WOODHAMS, B.Sc., C.Eng,A.F.R.Ae.S.

Air TrekRepresentative:

F. BuLmEcomBE

CommitteeMembers:

A.W. J. G.ORD-Hume

R.Wilks

J.R. DUNFORD

Capt. J. POTHECARY

Capt. R. HEATH

ENJOYTHESKY

Part2.''SuckIn!"

Inadisplayofwisdomremarkableinanybodyso monolithicasaaovernmentdepartmenttheCivil AviationAuthohtyhaveentrustedthecontroland regulationofthebuildingoflightaircraftbyamateurs tothePopularHyingAssociation.This,ratherloosely constitutedvoluntaryassociationofcheerfulenthusiastsdoesadifficultjobwithanefficiencythatissurely unequalledbymost.ifnotall,morgformallyestahlishedbodies.

Itdisseminatesagreatdealofusefulinformation. pertinentadvertisementsandentertainingreading throughit'shi-monthlymagazine PopularHying, probablythebestpublicationofit'skindwiththe possibleexceptionoftheAmerican SportAricnion Which,asonewouldexpect.hasfarareaterresources atit'sdisposal.

Moreinformationandotherpracticalassistanceis passedaroundattheregular,informal.meetingsofit's localbranches,orStruts,alongwithquiteabitofbeer.

Ipickedupnearlyallmyinstrumentsasaresultofa luckyencounterataStrutmeeting.

Butitisonlywhenonestartstobuildthatone realisesjusthowmuchthesededicatedvolunteerstake

uponthemselves,andhowverywelltheydoit.

WithouttheP.F.A.thewayoftheamateurconstructorwouldbeimmenselymoredifficult,ifnot impossible.Sothefirstthinathatanywould-beconstructormustdoistojointheP.F.A.Perhapsthisis notassimpleasitsoundssincetheP.F.A.isverylittle knownoutsideofit'sownmembership.Ispeakfrom experienceasonewhowanderedintheouterdarkness foraconsiderabletime.

NowIcould,Isuppose.beconsideredtobefaith wellinformedonmattersaviationalsinceIhavehelda licenceonandMr,rathermorealthanon,since1937, and1havereadtheaviationmagazinesfromtimeto timeintheinterveningyearsandregularlysince1971. butitwasjustachancereferenceinoneofthe magazinesthatalertedmetothePF.A'sexistence.

Itis,Ithink,unreasonableandindeedUndesiraNe fora5,111111,voluntaryorganisationwithlimitedfunds toadvertiseitself,butsurelyitisthedutyofthe generallyavailablemagazineswhichprofesstoexist forthefurtheranceofinterestinaviationtokeeptheir readershipinformedoftheverynewsworthyactivities oftheorganisedamateurs.

RichardHusbandinIris IT/

PhotoHikeJerram

Asanexampleofthisalmosttotallackofinterest onthepartoftheaviationpressIcannotrecallreading asinglereportoftheP.F.A's1972rallyatSywell, exceptin PopularFlying. Onewonderswhatthe thousandswhoattendedmusthavethoughtofthis neglect.Thosethousandsmustrepresentquiteasizeableproportionofthereadershipofthosejournalsand perhapstheywondered,asIdid,whethertheireditors arethemselveslicensedpilots,orevencompetent journalists.Perhapstheyareworriedaboutlosing circulationtotheP.F.A'sown PopularFlying, with goodreason.ItcouldbeweneedaPressOfficer.

Onceonehassentfortheplansandregisteredthe projectwiththeP.F.A.therealworkbegins.Thefirst essentialisaconcentratedstudyoftheplans,building instructionsandinevitablemodifications.

InthecaseoftheV.P.Ithedrawingsareveryfully detailedandgenerallywellcrossreferenced.They arrivedstapledtogetherintoalarge,floppybook. Afterthefirstcoupleofeveningsofturningthesheets backwardsandforwards,followingthecrossreferencingofvariousitems,lpulledoutthestaplesand punchedthesheetsforaringbinder.Icouldnowtake outallthesheetsonwhichanyoneitemappearedand laythemsidebysideforstudy.

AsacharteredengineerIknowfromexperiencejust howessentialisthiscarefulstudyandannotationof planssothatonehasaclearideaofthedesigner's intentionsandabsolutecertaintyabouthowoneis goingtocarrythemout.

ItisapparentthatEvansisafineengineerandhis drawingsaregenerallybeautifullyclearandwell detailed,buthedoesnotalwaysstresspointswhich areobvioustohimbutnotnecessarilysototheaverage clotwhoisworkingfromhisplans.Anexampleisthe detailoftheaftsparbulkheadonwhichthedirection ofviewoftheelevationisnotstated.Thisshouldbe obvious,butImarkedmywoodfordrillinganditwas onlywhencheckingbeforedrillingthatIfoundthatI hadmarkedoneholeonthewrongsideofthecentrelinethroughreadingthedrawingbacktofront.

Sostudyyourdrawings,checkyourobservations andmakeyourownnotesinredink.Youcannot affordtowastematerialandlabourthroughsilly mistakesnotwiththepriceofsprucequotedin pencepercubicinch.

Fromtheplansonehastoabstractthequantitiesfor orderingmaterials,andinthecaseoftheV.P.Iallthe specificationsareAmerican.TheP.F.A.,blessit, suppliesalistofmanyacceptablealternativesbutat thetimethatIstartedinnotallofthemhadbeen notifiedandsomeofthosethathadbeentriedforsize bybuildershadbeenfoundunsatisfactory.

Howeverthissituationimprovesmonthbymonth andmoreapprovalsarenotifiedineachpublicationof PopularFlying.

One'sinspectorcanbeagreathelpatthisstage.The P.F.A.suppliestoconstructorsalistofapproved inspectorsandoneshould,assoonaspossible,finda mutuallycompatibleinspectorwhoisreasonably accessible.

Byvirtueofhisqualificationsandexperienceone's inspectorwillhaveafundofknowledgeofmaterials andpractice,andcontactswithintheaircraftindustry whichwillbeofenormousassistanceinsurmounting problemsofconstructionandsupply.

Itpaystoshoparoundfortheprincipalmaterials— thepriceofspruceseemstovaryenormouslyfromone suppliertoanother.

AftertryingnearlyalltheadvertisedsuppliersI finishedupgettingthebulkofmymaterialfromYorkshireatpricesgenerally50lowerthanIhadbeen PopularFlying,May-June,1974

quotedelsewhere,andatmuchbetterdelivery.

Therearesomeitemswhichonemustbereadyto grabasandwhentheopportunityoffers.Istartedwith twomagnetoswitchesdonatedbyanelectrical colleagueshortlyfollowedbyalltheflightinstruments andthehingesbeforeanyspruceorplyarrived.The engine,too,willprobablycomeintothiscategory.

Thebuildingoflittleaeroplanesseemstoproduce inthenicestpeopletheghoulishpropensitiesofeighteenthcenturyCornishwreckers,sothattheyareforeveronthelookoutforVolkswagensoflowmileage thathaverunhead-onintobrickwalls.

ThebuildinginstructionsfortheV.P.Iareverygood indeed,andmustbefollowedexactly.Iftheyhavea faultitisthattheyarealmosttooconciseandmake noallowancesfortheignorantamateurwhohad alwaysthoughtthatajigissomethinganIrishman doesonSt.Patrick'snight.Let'sfaceitweallstart ignorantandmostofusonlylearnbydoingthings.

Anyvariationsfromtheoriginaldesignororderof buildingshouldbemadeonlyaftercarefulthought andconsultationwithone'sinspector.

Evanstellsonetobuildthefuselagefirst,buthedoes notstressthefactthatthisisessentialsincethefuselage isnecessarytotrytheothercomponents—wings, stabilatorandrudder—ontotheirattachmentpoints beforefinalgluinginordertoensureatruefitandto avoidputtingatwistintoanything.

IoncehadtoflyaSpitfirethathadtwistedonlyan inchoutoftrueasaresultofawheels-uplandingon abeach.Thepoorthingcouldnotbetrimmedinany planeandhadtobeflownverycarefullyindeedthe wholetime.RathertiringandnotwhatIwouldwant inmyownaeroplane.

ForthisreasonImistrustedthebuildingtableshown intheplans.Thisopinionwasreinforcedbyareport intheV.P.SquadronNewsin PopularFlying tothe effectthatthetableasshownwasfartooflexible.

NowIknowlittleaboutbuildingaeroplanesbutI havebuiltaboatortwoinmytimeandhavelearnt thatevenwiththegreatestcare,andespeciallywhen oneisbendingwood,nothingevercomesoutquiteas itshouldsincewoodisnotatrulyhomogeneous material.

Itseemedtome,thereforethatsincethetableforms mostofthebiggestjigitmustbetrulylevel,rigidand solidlyfixedtothefloorsothatonceonehasstruck one'scentrelineitcannotbedisplaced.

IwasluckyinhavingastockofTerlanperforated steelanglefromwhichImadethecarcaseofthejig table,withfulllengthtoprailsoneachside.Terlanis betterthananyoftheslottedanglesinthatthereisno riskofboltslipthroughtheslots.Unfortunatelyitis atpresentonlyavailablefromAustralia.

Iallowedthetabletop,ofhalfinchblockboard,to overhangtwoinchesoneachsideandsixinchesatthe endstopermitclampstobeusedontheedges.

Oneadvantageofthissortoftableisthatonecan buildintimberracksbyputtingcrosspiecesbetween thelegs.Fromtimetotimeonewillbeholdingfair stocksofspruceandiftheyarenotrackedleveland straighttheywillwarpandtwist.Yourreleasenotes willnotthensavethemfrontrejectionbvyourinspector.

Isupposethatmostpeopleuseaprojectlikethisas anexcusetorushoutandbuyallthetoolstheyhave evercoveted.

hadacoupleofboxesofassortedtoolsleftover frommyboatbuildingdays,abagofhouseholdrepair toolsandanelectricdrillwitha2.-"chuck.

Iturnedthemalloutonthefloorofthegarageand surveyedthemwithdismay.Thesawswererustyand blunt,chiselsandplaneironswererustyandnicked.

Therewereafewserviceabledrillbitsinsizesone wouldneverwanttouse.

OvertheyearsinwhichIhadneglectedthetool boxesmychildrenhadtakentheirtoll.1settowork withPlus-gas,paraffinandcmerypapertosalvage whatIcouldfromthewreckage,compilingalistof replacementsasIwentalong.

Lookingbacktomyboat-buildingdaystheone powertoolthathadbeenmostused,apartfromthe drill,hadbeenaportableband-sawthatIhadbeen abletoborrow.Ofcourseboatshaveheavierscantlings thanaeroplanessoitseemedtomethatajig-saw attachmentforthedrillwouldprobablyserveequally well.Inpracticethishasprovedextremelyuseful,to suchanextentthat1havetokeepthehanddrillconstantlyavailabletosavedismantlingthejigsaw.

Thisattachmentandadrill-pressstandaresofar theonlypowertoolaidsthatIhavefoundnecessary.

ForcuttingplywoodIuseametalcuttingjigsaw blade,althoughthisisslowitdoesnottearthewood. Thisslowspeedofcuttingcanbeanadvantagetoa ham-handedamateursinceonehasachanceto correctone'serrorsbeforetheybecomeserious.

Thedesignerrecommendsthepurchaseofa"KarimGilt-sandingwheel.IfoundthatWoolworthssupply averygoodequivalentandtookithomeeagertotry itout.1foundthatithadtobeusedwithextreme cautionandkeptmovingallthetime,neverbeing allowedtodwellforlongononespot.lttearsaway unwantedwoodatamostsatisfactoryspeedsothat onecaneasilyremovetoomuch,andwavingitaround intightcornersonecanreadilyremovewoodfrom placesfromwhereitshouldnotberemoved.Italso takesskinoffknucklesandnoses.

Itisimportant,whileoneisstillworkingintheRat toensurethatalltheholesoneisgoingtoneedarecut outatthisstage,sinceitismucheasiertocutthemout onthebenchthanafterwardswhenthefuselageis assembled.Thisentailsmakingdecisionsatanearly staveaboutsuchthingsastheinstrumentation,and oneshouldactuallyhavetheessentialinstrumentsto ensureaclosefitintheholesonecuts.Myoilpressure gauge,forexamplecameoutofanAnsonandis oblong,notroundasshownontheplans.

Sincewearetalkingaboutinstrumentsthepublished plansprovideonlyfortheminimum—Rev-counter, AirSpeedIndicator,Altimeterandoilpressureand temperaturegauges.

TheV.P.'srangeisabout350milessoonewill obviouslyneedacompass,especiallyinacountrywith aconfusingplethoraoflandmarkssuchasSouthern BritainorFrance,anditwouldbenicetohavealittle blindflyingcapabilityjustincaseonegetscaughtout.

PopularFlying,May-June,1974

IfonecangetholdofanE2Atypecompass,which shouldnotbedifficult,itcanbeattachedtotheundersideoftheroll-overbar.Itshouldalsobepossibleto enlargetheinstrumentpaneltotakeonemoreinstrumentwithoutoverloadingtheaircraftorspoilingthe cockpitlayout.

Wearenowfacedwiththeagonisingdecisionasto whattochooseandwhattoleaveout.Myown favouriteinstrumentsarethegyrodirectionindicator andtheartificialhorizon.Ialsoreferconstantlytothe climbanddiveindicator.

However,havingtorelyononeandonlyonegyro instrumentIfeltthatitwouldhavetobetheTurnand SlipIndicator.InoticedatSywellthatmanyother peoplefacedwiththesameproblemhadmadethe samechoiceandIthinkitistheFightone.Theartificialhorizonandthedirectionindicatorcantopple— theventuridriveninstrumentsareparticularlyprone tothis—soitisaswelltoaetusedtonothavingthem.

OverrelianceontheD.1.nearlykilledmeonce.I didasteepdivingturnintocloudatabout22,000ft.to dodgeanexcessivelyattentive109,and,thinkingthat Iwasaoingbackonthereciprocalandcoulddescend throughcloudoverflatcountryIwentondownuntil I_brokecloudatabout4,000ft.inavalleybetween mountainswhosetopswentupto17,000ft.How1 missedthemIwillneverknowbutitcuredmeofmy infatuationwiththe13.1.

StillonthecockpitlayoutIfeelthatthemagneto switchesshouldbeontheoutsidewherethechap swingingthepropcanseethem,aswasalwaysthecase intheaeroplanesIgrewupin.AfteralltheseyearsI havejustdiscoveredwhytheswitchesapparently workedbacktofront.Onthecallof-SwitchesOff" onecheckedthattheswitchesweredownandreplied "SwitchesOff".At"Contact-oneturnedthemup. Thisisbecausewhentheswitchesaredownthecircuit ismadeandthemaasareearthed.Whentheswitches areuptheearthcircuitisbrokenandthemagscan spark.Theswitchesworkinthecorrectsense,the ordersareambiguous.Thismusthavebeenobviousto anintelligentenginefitterbuttothisdim-wittedpilot itseemedjustanotherquaintsurvivalfromtherotary engnieandpiano-wiredays.

IncidentallyIdon'tsupposetherearemanyaround todaywhorecalltheoldR.F.C.toast-SuckIn".Not thatIamoldenoughtohavebeeninthe gotitfromaJesuitMonsignorwhohadflownin McCudden'ssquadron—butIthinkitisworth preserving.

Sotoallthoseworthieswhogathermonthby monthattheP.F.A.Strutmeetings,towhomIamso muchindebted,Iraisemyglassandsay"Suckfn.

n% Projects

Verylittlenewsthistime,comparedwiththewealth ofinformationinourlastinstalment—nodoubta reflectionoftheseasonatthetimeofwriting.However, justtokeeptheballrollingweincludeoneortwoitems ofinterest.

IANBURNETT.

PFA1322Manypeoplewillbynowhaveseenthe advertsforBillGreenwood's80(,!,;',conpleteFalconarF-11-3G-AWHY.We trustsomekindsoulwilltakepityonit andfinishoffthegoodwork.

1343ThirdAirmarkCassuttG-AXE13was registeredtoToniStoreyatRedhill duringlastDecember.

1390EarleShouter'sNipperG-AZBAhasbeen boughtbyA.BarnetsonatShoreham. Wehopeweshallseemuchmoreofthis immaculateyellowbeastthisseason—for mostofitstimesofarithasremainedat Hemswell.WhileonthesubjectofEarle Shouterweareremindedthatwehave heardnothinginthepastfewyearsofhis TurbulentprojectG-AWLB.andwould welcomeanynewsofit.

1447Anotherprojectrecentlyadvertisedfor salewasE. J. Rogerspartly-completed TaylorMonoplane.

1562G.D.M.Pricehasnowregisteredhis VP-IprojectasG-1,31DCZwithhisown chiGDP.I.

1579WeweresorrytohearthatR.C.Wright wasunabletocompletehisVP-Iproject G-BAFHbeforedeparturetopastures new.Weneverthelesswishhimallthe best,andhopehisVolksplanemaystill beintheairsoon.

1616Observantmemberswillhavenoticed thattheTigerClubissomewhatshortof Turbulentsthesedays,andthroughout lastseasonPeterChannon'shomebuilt machineG-ATKRwasinusealongside theregularsG-ARZMandG-ASAM. Peterrecentlywroteandtoldusthe historyofthisaeroplaneItwasbuiltin BristolbyM.G.CoveandmadeitsFT inAugust1966withaVW1200engine. AftertheunfortunatedeathofMrCove thea/cwenttoDr.A.R.Worters,and thentoGordonJonesatRedhill.Peter obtaineditinApril1972,andwassurprisedtofinditstotaltimewasonly108 hours.Hereplacedtheoldenginewitha VW1500duringthewinterof72/3.andis ofcoursestilldefyingthelawsofaerial advertisingwithhis'SaveBodmin'posters onthefuselage(Judgingbythcvery welcomenewsthatBodminisnowfully licensed.Peter'slittlebithelped!How

aboutitforPortsmouth,ComptonAbbas, WhiteWalthametc.aswell...)

25-10052LaurieShawrecentlyobtainedaNipper kitfromDavidAnthill,andiscurrently pressingonwiththisprojectinpreference tohisCavalierG-BALS/PFA1598whkh isternporarilyhalted.

OTHERAIRCRAFT—

IsaacsFury11

G-BBVORecentlyregisteredtoD.B.Wilson, JerseywithhisownchiDBW.1

LutonMinor

CF-OVZWelearnedrecentlyofanothermachine builttoPhoenixplans—thistimein Canada.TheoneinquestionisPAL/I150 andtheownerisGrahamFryerof Calgary,Alberta.AlsoinCanadaisa locally-builtLutonMajor,aTaylor Titch,andnolessthanNINETaylor Monoplanes—doestheheartgooddoesn't it!

ThreeNipperswhichhaverecentlychangedhands areG-ARBG(theoriginalABAC-sponsoreda/c registeredtoM.A.KayeatSywell.G-ATBWto H.P.BurrillatBagby,andG-AWDBto FL Swiftof Hull.

Gyroplanes

Onlyonechangetoreport—theBensenB-8MVW whichJohnRemingtonhasnowregistered as G-BBXD (withc/nJR.1).Thisistheprojectwementionedon thelastPFProjectspage.

NEWPROJECTS—

PFA01-10058. Cavalier. J.Warner,102Ampthill Road,Shefford,Bedfordshire.SG175BB.

PFA14-10059.BD-5.G.S.Franks,SportanFlying Club,BigginHill,Kent.

PFA28-10060.TeenieTwo. BallymenaTechnical College,TrostanAvenue,Ballymena,Co.Antrim.

PEA29-10061.Fred. R.HadleyDevrey,21Coulsdon Road,Sidmouth,Devon.

PFA 01-10062.Cavalier. P.Donaldson,17Highfield Close,NewportPagnall,Buckinghamshire.

PFA14-10063.BD-5.R.Hodgson,24SelkirkRoad, CurzonPark,Chester.CH48AH.

PEA30-10064.ProctorPetrel. A.W.Whiter,46 SancroftRoad,HarrowWeald,Middlesex.

PEA31-10065.Tailwind. M.Brereton,47Churchill Road,Dunstable,Bedfordshire.

PFA32-10066.AerosportScamp.W.G.Williams, "Deunant",Penrhyndeudraeth,Merionethshire.

PFA7019.VP-1.Sqn.Ldr.Oswell,18TheOrchard, R.A.F.Halton,Aylesbury,Bucks

PFA3227.Titch.S. C.D.White,"Oakmead-, TemplarsWay,Sharnbrook,Bedfordshire.

PopularFlying,May-June,1974

RETURNHOME OFTHE HORNET

Almostayearago,duringavisitto theKZ& VeteranClubinDenmark,theVicePresident,Mr. JensTort,saidtome,"I'couldlikeaHornetMoth

WouldIlookoutforoneinEnglandandlethim know? Well,it wasalongtrail,andtheveryfew Hornetswhichmight changehands wereeither closelyguardedorchallengedthebuyertoconsider quitelargeoffers.However,onedayatBlackbushe, intheedgeofthewoods,wasseensuchararity, beingwheeledoutofaNissenhut,wingsneatly folded.Itwasabeauty,lightblueandclean,anda conversationwiththeownerrevealedthatalthough hehadflownitforaround18yearsandoftenbeenon holidaytoFrance,liedidn'treallyhaveinuchtime nowadays.Hemightconsidersellingit,butitwasan oldfriendandworthconsiderablymorethan E2000, nodoubt.

Apricewasnegotiatedandachequedulyarrived fromanobscurebankinJutland,thustheHornetwas ours.AllthatremainedwastogetittoDenmark.

Mylogbooksaysitisfully18yearssinceIlastflew aHornetMoth,inthoseinterestingdaysofpost-war Croydon.Arefresherwasindicatedand,withthe vendor,Mr.Webb'skindattention,Ifoundthatthe Hornetwasaratherheavybird,whichdoesnotlike tobehurriedonconcreterunwaysandhasaspecial aversiontocross-winds.Intheair,itflewlikeavery solidRolIs-Royce,thelastwordin1935luxury,with thickcarpetsandthatlovelypolishedwooddashboard. ItslogbookssaidithadbeenbrieflytoMalayain 1935,thentoDenmarkin'36,whereitbecameoneof \.,eryfewHornetMothstoavoidBritishR.A.F. impress-ment.TheGermansgotthisoneinsteadand in1941,itwassoldagainintoSweden,eventually returningtotheU.K.intheearly50s

ThisHornetwasofgrethistoricalinterestin Denmark.andwellloved,astwoAirForcepilots hadusedonetoescapetoEnglandatthebeginningof thewar,some5hoursoverthesea.Theyaresaidto haveflownawhiteflagonmeetingaSpitfirenearthe Englishcoast!

AnewandunattractiveDanishtaxobligedmeto delivertheaeroplanebeforeDecember31standa CofAetc.madethetriplikely'aroundChristmas,not averyattractivetimeoftheyeartoflytoScandinavia, butIreasonedthataweekwasasensibleestimateof timerequiredandanassistant,intheformofstudent AndrewOliverwasconsideredessentialforstarting andgroundhandling,shouldthewindproveunhelpful.

Planningwasessentialand,ofthepossibleroutes available,IdecidedthatNorwichofferedthemost convenientaccesstoNorthernHolland,withgood Customsfacilities,aslongasonedidn'tmindaNorth Seacrossingofsonic130run.Actually,thatwasn't

PopularFlyin,May-June.1974

anyworsethanSouthend-Rotterdam,whichIdid previouslywithanAuster,andbothwereinlinitely betterthanAshford-Calaisandthejourneythrough Holland,knowntobeshortoffuel.

ThejourneytoNorwichtookplaceonesparkling Saturday,themainpurposebeingtoestablishfuel andoilconsumptionofourstillunknownquantityand toseeifanythingwentwrong,beforeventuringover water.Actually,acontactbreakerspringbrokeand welandedwithonlyonemagneto.buttheradioproved tohaveanacceptablerangeandtheVORwas encouraging.Weplannedtogetthemag.fixedand leavebehindthenextavailablecoldfrontforGroningen.withafavourableS.W.windandclearvisibility.

Aweeklater,themag.repaired,ourcoldfront arrived,butwasslowinmoving.Toavoiddanger areas,aweekendcrossingwasindicatedandno privateflyingwasallowedonaSundayinHolland. Efatall,ithadtobetheSaturday.

Dismalmet,forecastsforHollandmentioneda clearanceonlyatAmsterdamandonly•foracouple ofhours,butitwasfeasible.Startingup,weimmediatelyfoundtheradiowouldnottransmitanything butagarblednoise,andittooksometimeforfiddling withconnectionsetc.toproduceareliabletransmission,butwewent,incrystalclearsky,crossing thecoastatYarmouth,havingresolvedthedriftand decidedonasuitableheadingfortherestoftheway. AlthoughPrestonFIRwasloudandclear,agood basis ofD.R.was essentialandtheislandairfieldof Texelwasinreserveincaseallelectricsfailed.Wefelt fairlysafe,withdinghy,lifejacketsandSARRE beacon,andwithmuchfaith in Mr.Halford,creator oftheGipsymotor.

Athinlayerofcloudappearedafterabouthalfan hollr,whichgothigher,althoughwecouldnotNinain ontopofitforlong.Abeautifulsight,whichwe photographed,buttherewasworsebeneathit. Fortunately,freezinglevelwashigh,accordingtothe forecast,sowedecidedtodescendtoalowlevel,and trustourfullpanel,albeitventoripoweredwould remainunhindered.Thecloudwasdampandturbulent.butgoodprogresswasmadetoSpjjkerboor VOR.Imustsaythatturnswereextraordinarily hardtobalanceandeventuallyconcludedthatthe ruddercoulddowithbeingleftalone.whichwas confirmedbyour1935handbook.TheHornetwas assteadyasturbulencewouldallowandWepositioned forasuperbradarapproachtoSchipol.descending outofthemurktothegreetingofapproachlightsand apleasantinto-windlandingamongsundryJumbos etc.SuchanincongruityhadnotgracedSchipolfor manyyears,weweretold,asmanypartiesaskedus... "D.H.idiat?".

Servicewassuperb,withrefuellingimmediatelyto hand,aminibus,hotelreservationsandtie-down faithfullycarriedout.WhatmajorBritishAirport offerssuchefficiency?ThuswerelaxedintheRestaurantHoffman,tookatram,yesa tram aroundthe oldcityandretiredtoacomfortablehotel.

Thenextdaywasgood,ourcoldfronthaving movedfurtherN.E.,sothenextstagetoGroningen wason.Luckily,theControllerwaspreparedto acceptthataninstructorwastittoflyinHollandona Sunday,despitetherestrictionsonprivateflights,so wegrappledwithourradioagain,producedsome acceptableresultsandflew'professionallyNorthwards,overthelowpartsofHolland,whichlooked verydampindeed.

WearrivedalonewithtwoCessnas,alsoboundfor Denmark,fromReims,andastheweatherfurther Northwasstillpoor,weallstayedthenight,with promiseofaclearskyallthewayonthemorrow, whichwasChristmasEve.Itdidn'tworkout,asthe morningwasthickfog,anew,unsuspectedairstream havingstoppedourfrontinitstracksandthewhole systemhadstagnated.Itlookedpoorforsomedays andreluctantly,IdecidedtoleavetheHornetinthe FlyingSchoolhangarandproceedtoDenmark, returninglater,forChristmasinaDutchHotelwas asoberingthought.

AssuredthatEsbjergcouldbereachedinaday,we leftGroningen,afterthelocalPresshadphotographed andquizzedtotheirsatisfaction,boundforNieuw Schans,atwhichaDutchbusandaGermanbus wereneededtocrosstheborder.TheGermanbus failedtoconnectwithatrainatLeer,acoldwindsweptstationthroughwhichbigblacksteamengines passedeveryfewminuteswiththatprizedcommodity coal,andsomehowtheGermansseemedtohave plentyofit.

Bremenwasreached,achangeoftrain.then Hamburg,butthetrainforKoldingandDanish partsNorthwardswasnowheretobeseen."Nein-, saidtheunenthusiasticinformationlady."Itdidn't runtoday",sothatishowAndyandIcametoa GermanPolicestation,therebeingnohotelwithan

opendoorinsight.Theyfoundusaplace,inan ancientblock,somehowmissedbyMr.Harris's wartimeattentions,thoughmanyLancasterflattened sitesaroundboastednewbuildings.

ThetramsgratedandclatteredpastatIntervalsas ourGermanlandladyaskedwhattwovagrantswere doinginHamburgonChristmasEvewithnoplace togo.Idon'tsupposeforonemomentshebelieved usand Our bestChristmaspresentwasagoodfast trainforKoldingearlyinthemorning,throughsolid fog.Soberedbytheprices,wearrivedatHojmark, manytrainslaterandweregreetedwiththatalways welcomeDanishhospitality,themoresoatChristmas.

WestayedwiththefamilyofDr.Pedersen,leading authorityonK.Z.mattersandJenslentusaPiper Cubtoamuseourselveswith,untiltheweather clearedtotheSouth.Aboutthistime,hislatest purchase,24FairchildArgus,orisitARGI??, arrivedbytruckfromGermanyandIturnedtruck drivertodistributepartstoplacesforinspection.

Twoofthemwillsurelyflyagain,andtheyprovide amouth-wateringprospectforthefuture.However, aftermeetingmanyoldfriends,aMondaydawned veryclearandIwasdespatchedwithaDanishpilot inaCessnaforGroningen,torescueourprize.After anuneventfulflight,Ipaidthenowconsiderable parkingbilland,safeintheknowledgethattheoil consumptionhadimprovedgreatlyoverthatlast fewflightsoftheGipsyengine,decidedonadirect flight,underAmber7toVestaVOR,avoiding Germany,ofwhichIhadseenplentyandacceptinga seacrossingof154n.m.

TheHornet'schieffaultlayinapoorbatteryand ittooktimetochargeitviathewinddrivengenerator. Thusitwasonlywhenairbornewithagoodcruising speedthatcomms.wereestablished,buttheywcrked. AsoundD.R.planandalastsightoflandbythe FriesianIslandsconfirmed025(M)andsowestuck tothatforalonelyhour,trackingEELuntilitfaded. HannoverFIRwaswelcomecompany,inanotherwiselonelysea,withshipsonlyduringthefirstpart, inandoutofHamburg.

HelgolandVORprovidedapositionlineandour PopularFlying,May-June,1974

HornetAlothG-AAIZOsomewherebetweenBlackbushandStauning.PhotoAlikeStapp

progressabeamofitsuggestedthatwehadn'treally drifted,sotheplanstood,althoughwelostcontact withHannoverandmadeitwithEiderRadar,a Germanmilitaryservice,whichsoundedquitesurprisedatus,butwishedusaHappyNewYear.

Eiderfadedtoc,anditwasalmostanotherhour beforethefirstfaintsignsofVestaappearedonthe indicator,withabarelyaudiblemorsenote.Good newsafteralonelytimewithnocontactbyR/T. Later,EsbjergApproachconfirmedthatwewerein contactandeventuallylandappeared,justwhereit shouldhavebeenandrightontime.Wewerevery cold,noheaterbeingfittedandtheagoniesofa confinedspace,evenwithmuchclothinghavetobe experiencedtobebelieved!

ThentoStauning,throughanastysnowshower,but fortunatelynotabigone,reachingthecircuitjustas theCessna,whichhadtakenthelongerroutedid, butthe crowds.. .Probablyeveryvintageenthusiastin Denmarkhadflowninordriventoseethearrival. ThemoodwasaswhenAmyJohnsoncameto Croydon.

Camerasappearedeverywhere,Ideclaredtothe CustomsofficialthatIwasexceedinglygladtobein Denmarkagainandwarmedupwithagoodstrong coffee.

Thenextdaywasspentconvertingtwoinstructors totype,as everyone hastohavetyperatingssignedto statewhattheymayfly.Beingtheonlypartywith recentexperienceoftheHornetMoth,itfelltometo convert,testandsign.

Thecross-windineapabilities,thewildswings,the shortageofrudderandalltherestwereamply demonstrated,althoughtheinstructorswereexcellent intheiradaptationtotype.Jenswentthroughthe sameprocessandeveryone'sconclusionwasthat herewasnobeginner'saeroplane!

ThusHornetMike-Zulu-OscarbecomesOY-DEZ afterthirtyyearsforthesecondtime.Anuneventful flight,youmightsay,butaninterestingone,teaching manylessons:---ThesoundnessofgoodD.R.,the selectionofweathersystems,thatspecialsatisfaction ofbringingaveteranaeroplanetoaforeigncoastline afteralonghaulacrosstheseaandknowingthat yourplanwasagoodone.

PerhapsDenmarkisnotfar,buttheprinciples applytoanysuchflightandareofnecessaryinterest tothePrivatePilot.WefeelourHornetwasmovedby themostdirectandefficientroute,makinguseof modernfacilitieswhereusefulbutbasedontheoldworldprincipleswhichHornetMothshaveused sincetimesgoneby.Remember,witha5hourendurance,theHornetremainsacapableaircraft,and greatthingsweredonewiththeminthe'30s.

WeliketothinkthattheHornethasn't really been betteredbytheCessna,thePiperandthelikesof these.Afterall,it'sallbeendonebefore,hasn'tit?

ThereturntoEnglandwaslessglorious,byseato Harwich,butcalmandpleasant.NodoubttheHornet willbeseenatmanyDanishandSwedishrallies,but theydo say theywillbringittoEnglandthisyear. Wewishthemluck!

AMATEURBUILDERSQUIZNo.IV

Compliedby

G.W.Bisshopp,T.Eng.,A.R.Ae.S.,A.F.S.L.A.E.T.

I.Whenmetalbushingsareusedinwoodenmembers theyarecutslightlyshortsothat: tosaveweight toallowforshrinkageinthewood toenablethebolttobetightenedsufficiently tocompressthewooddowntothebushing Boltswithunifiedthreadscanbeidentifiedby: measuringtheangleofthethread threecontiguouscirclesonthehead thesizefollowedbyNFstampedononeofthe flats

3.Itemssuchasinspectionframes,drainageeyelets, andpatchesarefitted: justbeforethefinalcoatoffinish afterthefirstcoatofdopehadbeenapplied atanytime

4.Withanincreaseinhumiditytheairdensitywill: increase remainthesame decrease

5.Arateofclimbinstrumentissensitiveto: pitotpressureonly pitotandstaticpressure staticpressureonly

6.Asplitpincanbeused:

(a)twice,providingalternatelegsarebenteach time

onceonly indefinitely,untilthelegsbreakoff

7Onafourstrokeengine,thecamshaftrotatesat: enginespeed twiceenginespeed halfenginespeed

8.Theminimumsheetthicknessforcutcountersinkinga*inchdiameterholeis: 18SWG 20SWG 22SWG

9.Theeffectonawingofloweringtheflapsisto increasethemaximumcoefficientoflift. Comparedtoacleanwing,theangleof incidenceatwhichthishigherCLmaxis obtainedwillbe: lower thesame higher

10.Whenflyingat5,000feetusingtheQuadrantal Rule,yourtrackwillbe: 000deg.to089deg. 180deg.to269deg. 000deg.to179deg.

JohnBeeswax's Aka VINTAGE NEWS

TheManning-Flandersmonoplane

Thisisastoryofanaeroplanedesignedandbuilt morethansixtyyearsagoandyetitsveryfirstflight willtakeplacein1974.Itshistorycanbetracedback to theLeaMarshesin1909whereMr.R.L.Howard FlanderswhohadbeenworkingwithA.V.Roe, decidedtoformhisowncompanytobuildaeroplanes. WhileLouisPaulhanandClaudeGraham-White, eachflyingFrenchmachines,battledtheirwayfrom LondontoManchesterfortheDailyMailsdazzling £10,000prize,FlanderswasbusydesigninganairframetotakethenewbutuntriedI20h.p.A.B.C. engine.InthisworkhewasassistedbyMr.W.0. ManningwhowaschiefdesignerfortheCoventry OrdnanceWorksLtd.(oneofthefoundermembers oftheEnglishElectricCompany).Manningoffered hisdesignskillsonafreelancebasisandbyOctober 1910theplanswerecompleteandconstructionbegan ontheF.I.monoplaneattheRichmondworkshops oftheCompany.Methodicallytheworkcontinued throughoutthewinterandbyearlySpringthe32ft. wingspanairframewascompleted,onlyawaitingthe installationofitsengineandpropellor.Problems, however,hadarisenwiththeA.B.C.engine,whose manufacturerscouldnotmakeitrunproperlyand wasneverdelivered.

FurtherworkontheF.Iwasabandonedonthe 26thMarchwhenitwasdismantledandstowedina cornertomakewayforthenewFlandersF.2designed tousethemoresuccessfulrotarytypeofengine. TheF.2wasfollowedbytheF.3whichwonaMichelin prizein1912andseveralweresubmittedformilitary trials.MeanwhileFlandersgavetheF.Imonoplane

anddrawingstoManningwhohopedtofitaCrossley enginetotheaircraft.However,duetohisincreasing workcommitmentwiththeCoventryOrdnance Company,Manningwasunabletocompletethe workandthemachinewasbrokenupatBatterseain 1912,whilethedrawingsweregiventoMr.C.Bianchi whowasinvolvedwiththeCrossleyenginedevelopment.

Somuchforhistory.Fromphotographsandthe existingplansthathadbeenkeptbyhislateuncle, Doug.Bianchihaspiecedtogetherthedetailsofthis veryearlyallBritishaeroplaneandoverthelast yearbuiltareplicapoweredbyareliableContinental A65engine.Withgracefullyundercamberedwings andpolishedmahoganyfuselagesidesthereplicais atributetoDoug.Bianchi'shighstandardofcraftmanship.AninterestingpointistheC.ofG.which unlikethecontemporaryBleriotsandMoranes,lies nearthecentreofpressureofthewingproducinga morestableconfiguration.Thismayhavebeen Manning'sinfluenceforhewaslaterresponsiblefor theproductionoftheB.E.2biplane,which,itwillbe rememberedwasoneofthefirstcompletelystable designs.

TheManningFlandersMonoplane

PhotoA.Chalkley

DispellingtheWinterblues

Despitetherathergloomyrestrictionsofthepast Winterseason,VintageClubmembershaveenjoyed twoverywellsupportednon-flyingmeetings.Acoach loadofenthusiastsfromWelshpoolswelledthe numbersthatattendedtheHendonRoyalAirForce MuseumvisitonSunday,17thFebruary.Afterthe museumhadclosedfortheday,memberswcreshown overtheaircraftexhibitsbyHon.Sec.TonyHarold whoisacuratoratthemuseum.Criesofdelightwere heardasindividualssatatthecontrolsofthesenow famousaircraftandeachaeroplanewasexamined withlovingadmiration.

Thefollowingweek,byinvitation,theVintage ClubvisitedtheU.S.A.F.atUpperHeyford.Inall seventy-sixmembersenjoyedanexcellentlunchand lavishhospitalitywhilebeinggivenaglimpseofthe equipmentandhighlytrainedefficiencywithin militaryaviation.Ourgraciousthankstothose membersoftheClubandtheUnitedStatesAirForce whomadethisvisitpossible.

Allthelatestinsideinformation

CongratulationsandbestwishestoVintageNews editorRaymondBlainwhobroughtoutabumper issuefortheClub.With32pagesand20photographs thisisthebesteditionofthemagazinewehaveyet seen,withfeaturesrangingfromacompletelistof memberstoafascinatingarticlebyDr.TanHayabout hiscollectionofvintageaeroplanes.Soifyouwantto hearaboutanoriginalrotaryenginedHenryFarman residinginadustyshedyoubettergetacopy--on saletomembersonly.

FlyingtheViima

OnasunnyafternoonduringlastJanuarywehad thegoodfortunetomeetTonyTrowbridge,pilotof PhillipMann'sFinnishViimabiplane.Sinceourlast itemonthisattractiveaeroplane,ithascompletedits testflightscheduleandhasreceivedaCofA.Tony describeditshandlingcharacteristicsassweetand

harmoniouswithagentlestallandexcellentaerobatic potential.Apparentlytheonlyfaultisalackof enthusiasmonthepartofthe150h.p.Siemansengine tostartfromcold.Thisisduetothelackofapriming fuelsub-system,butthisisonorderfromthefirmin Germanyandwhenfittedtheproblemwilldisappear. Colourschemeisdarkgreenwithskyblueswastikas onwhiteroundals.Arealbeauty.

VintageAircraftClub-1974Calendar

Earlierversionsofthe1974calendarhave,perforce, beenamendedduetotheratherdrearyfuelsituation. Wesincerelyhopethatthisrevisedversionwillnot beadverselyaffected.

TenthAnniversaryAirDay

14JulyTheShuttleworthTrusthavegraciously allowedtheVintageClubtoholda Celebrationfly-inatOldWardentomark the10thAnniversaryofthefirstmeetingof theoldVintageAircraftGroup.

Bar-B-CueSupper—Weekend

3-4Aug. FinmereAerodromc. Asummereveningof flyingfollowedbyabarbecuesupper organisedbyanexpert.Bringyourbedrollandsleepunderawinglikeanold barnstormer.FlyingalldaySunday.

SummerCamp

24-26Aug.AnEastCoastvenuetobeannounced. Thetraditionalcampingweekendwiththe family.(detailsnotcompleteatthistime— Mar.'74).

V.V.—'74

29Sept. WycombeAirPark. Organisedbythe AirwaysAeroClubandcombiningVintage Aircraftwitholdcarsandasteamfair.

SpotLandingFinals

6Oct. OldWarden. The"M.O.Thompson MemorialPrize",competitionforvintage aircraft.

WinterSocial 22Nov. Oxford. Plansarebeingmadeforadinnerdancethisyear.Detailslater.

PhotobyA.Chalkkg

PopularFlying,May-June,1974

TonyTrowbridgestandingonthewingrootoftheVinnabiplanesupervisesthe(temporary)startingprocedure. A groundcrewniemberpreparestheenginebyinjectingeachcylinderwithalittlepetrolbyhand. A secondground crewmemberstandsbyreadyfinsomeenergeticpropellorswinging.

ABCDEFGHIJK

MONTGOMERYSHIREFLY-IN

DearPFA,

OurannualFly-inwilltakeplacethisyearon Sat./Sun.June22/23.Couldyoupublishthedatesin futurePopularFlying?

WehaveabarbecuelinedupfortheSaturday evening.ANavigationcompetitionwithanengraved tankardas1stprizefortheSundaymorning,and anengravedtankardforthelongestflightintothe oaks.

HopingtoseemanyPFA'ersthere.

Sincerely,

ALANJ.FOWLER MontgomeryshireUltraLightFlyingClub.

WOODENAEROPLANES

DearSir,

OnePFAmemberwithanEmeraudeprojecthas askedforanalternativetothecellulosefinisheswhich mypreviousnotedenigratedintermsofwoodprotection.

Sometimeago,inconnectionwithwoodprotectiononnavalpowerboats,myfirmmadesome tests.Threefinishesweretried:

Cellulosepaintwithrecommendedundercoats, Polyester/polyurethane, Phenoliclacquerwithoutundercoats.

Theexactfiguresarenolongeravailabletome: butthegeneralcomparisonwassuchthatcellulose absorbedmorethanfivepartsofwaterontest,to twopartswithpolyurethane,tolessthanonepart withPhenolic.

Thetestwasasubmergencetestofsixmonths duration,insaltwater,withmoisturecontentcomparedbyweightincreaseandbymoisturemeter. ThePhenoliclacquerusedwasPhenoglaze.fairly readilyobtainable.

Myimpressionisthatthephenolicmaterialhas about6timesthewaterresistance,comparedwith cellulose:alsothatitsweightisgreater(notmeasured), andthatitisextremelyhardtoremove,onceapplied.

Boatexperiencealsofavoursphenolicglues,by comparisonwithurea-formaldehydeoranycommon caseinversions.

Interiormouldorrotcanbeavoidedinclosedair spacesbyfoggingwithCuprinolor,muchbetter, withProtim,averyvirulentprotectivewhichactually killsbothformsofdryrot(meruliusandconiophora). ThesewereprovedonaThamesBarge,traditionallya primebreederofbothtypesofrot.Thesedonot necessarilyinhibitdeteriorationofcaseins.

G.C.TUDORJONES

PROPELLERS

DearSir, Assole UK agentsforPropellerwerkHoffmannof WestGermany,wecannowofferHocoComposite propellorsforthemajorityofBritishandcontinental aircraft.

Aftersellingthesepropellorsforfifteenyears,we canguaranteeanimprovementinperformanceand smootherrunningwiththesepropellors,whichhave a500houroryearwarranty.Thesewooden/plastic airscrewsoffermanyadvantages,nottheleastbeing theavoidanceofdamagetocrankshaftswhichis provingsoexpensivetorectifyonaircraftwithmetal propellors.Theperilsofbladefatiguefailureare, also,eliminatedandrepairstodamagedbladesare aseasytodealwithaswithmetalones.

Weare,also,abletohavespecialpropellors designedandbuilttocustomersrequirements.Prices areverycompetitiveanddeliveriesareusuallyvery reasonable.

Wewillbehappytoinstallpropellorsandofferan advisoryservicetoownersoflightaircraft.For furtherinformationcontactDoug.orToniBianchi atPersonalPlaneServices.HighWycombe29432.

Yoursfaithfully, PersonalPlaneServicesLtd.

D.E.BIANCHI Director.

V.F.R.

DearSir,

FurthertoRoyWilksarticleinSeptember/October PopularFlying regardingunrealisticVisualFlight Rules,Ifeel I shoulddrawyourattentiontoAeronauticalInformationCircularNo.46/1973.

Thiscircularwasanotificationofanamendmentto theVisualFlightRulesoutsidecontrolledairspace, atorbelow3000ft.A.M.S.L.

Basicly,therulenowtakesintoaccountthree differentgroupsofaircraft:

Aircraftflyinginexcessof140kts.(indicated)must beabletomaintainaflightvisibilityofatleast3 nauticalmilesandbeatleastIn.m.horizontalyand 1,000ft.verticallyfromcloud.

Aircraftflyingat140knotsorlessmustmaintaina flightvisibilityofatleastIn.m.inadditionto remainingclearofcloudandinsightofthesurface.

Helicopters(andgyroplanes?)mustconformto therulesingroup1orremainclearofcloudandin sightofthesurface.

Theaboveamendmentbecameeffectiveonthe24th May,1973.

Asyoucansee,notonlywasRoyWilksinformation outofdate,buthisfearsaboutflightsafetyarenow groundless.

Perhaps PopularFlying couldpublishaguideto theseallimportantflightrulesinaneasy-to-read,less boring,fashion.

Yoursfaithfully,

R. J.WARNER

PopularFlying,May-June,1974

DearSir,

IftheNorthWesternStrutisanyyardstick,there mustbequiteaswideaspectrumofaeronautical interestinthePEAasawhole.Wehavebuilders, ultra-lightpilots,vintagepilots,sailplanepilots, hang-gliderpilots,academicsandtheoreticians,engineersandcraftsmen,historians,nostalgicsand dreamers...andmodellers.

Whydon'twemodellershaveanexhibitionstandin themarqueeatSywell,andacompetition,anda prize,whydon'twecallourselvesa'Group"?

Ifyou'reinterested,tellmeyournameandaddress, yourscale(s)andcoverage,whetheryou'dliketo exhibitandcompeteandyourideasontheformof suchagroup,s.a.e.please.

Yourssincerely, JOHNRICHARDSON

FOLDSFARM, FERNILEE, WHALEYBRIDGE, DERBYSHIRE VIASTOCKPORT SKI27HD.

(Agoodidea!TherewillbeanopenplasticmodelaircraftcompetitionatSmellwithacupasfirstprize„co pleasebringyourentrytoSywellonSaturday..—Ed.)

JOINTHEP.F.A.

Oneday,wayupinthecloudsI'dbe Idweaveandsweepagracefulpathway thro' thesky, JustlikethegullsIusedtowatchsoendlessly. Dadleftnosilverspoontoeasemyclimbtodreamland

Liketheotherguy

Butgavemeablehandstobuildtheseshapelywings AndthecheektocadgethebitsIcouldn'tbuy Andnowthetoilisended,theworkshop!Whatamess! Butyoushouldseemy"dollybird"inherbrandnew spangleddress.

Shetakesmetomydreamlandwayupintheskies Andtherewewaltzaround,withstardustinoureyes. Tobuyherwithasilverspoonshe'dbeathingapart Tobuildhersheispartofyou,muchclosertoyour heart.

AndthoyoumayloveHyingandhaveaplaneyouown, You'llneverflyashighaswewhobuildthemhereat home.

Soifyouwishtojoinuswayuptheresomeday, Don'thangabout,GETWEAVING— JOINTHEPFA.

SIDMILES

CORRECTION

IntheMarch-April1974issueof PopularFljing anerroroccurredinthearticle"BeYourOwn TestPilot"onpage22.Itwasincorrectlystated thataduplicateinspectionofcontrolswasnot necessaryonPFAaircraft.Thisisolcourse incorrectandwhenevercontrolrunsare'broken' A duplicatecheckmustbecarriedoutonthe reconnectedcontrolruns.

for ALL AIRCRAFT INSURANCE

trythespecialists... PHONE,CALLorWRITE

J.A.HARRISON (BROKERS)LTD.

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160-161BROMSGROVESTREET BIRMINGHAMB56NY Telephone021-692-1245(10lines)

FORKEENESTRATES

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Price:40p plusSppostage.

WANTED

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AND

DON'TFORGET

THEGRANDP.F.A.TURNOUT ATBIGGINHILLAIRFAIR MAY17th-19th,1974

APROJECTBYJOHNSAFFERY

Againstmybetterjudgement,becauseexperience hastaughtmethatthetimetoholdforthabouta ventureisafteritisbroughttoatriumphantconclusionandnotwhileoneisstillinthethickofa furiousstruggleofdoubtfuloutcome,Ihavebeen persuadedtowriteabouttheprojectthatkeepsmy nosetothegrindstoneonthesunnysouthcoast.The endisstillalongwayoffsothisisjustaprogress report.

FlyinghaSinterestedmeforsometime.Iusedtobe takentotheHendonracemeetingsin1912and1913 inanopencarriagebehindahorsetoseethose magnificentmen,therealones,doingtheirstuff. Grahame-Whiterantheshowandhisbigpusher hi-planetookpeopleforjoyrides(butnotlittleboys offive,alas)andI3leriots,Farmans,Deperdusins, Hanriots,Nieuports,Caudrons,Sopwiths,Avrosand otherschasedeachothereaaerlyroundthepylons whilewehadourpicnic.

In1925IjoinedtheLondonAeroplaneClubat StagLaneandwastaughttoflyaDH60Mothby FrankSparkesandafterthat1flewabouteiahthours ayearwhichwasallIcouldafford—itcost£1anhour dammit—until1939whenthingshottedupquitea bitforthenextsixyears.Havingfinishedwiththe wars1joinedanairsurveycompanyandspenta happytimedoingstrangejobsinverystrangeplaces likeMasjid-i-Suleiman,Morogoro,Chiengmaiand DeceptionIsland,andenjoyedthesatisfactionof seeingthephotographywetooksubsequentlytransformedbyourphotogrammetristsintousefuland oftenbeautifulmaps.

AfterallthisIretiredanddecidedthatIwouldlike togobacktosquareoneandflyaboutonnicewarm afternoonsataround60-70m.p.h.withnothingin frontofmebutmyownknees.Todothisyouhave tothinkupandthenbuildyourownflyingmachine.

Thisraisedproblemsbecausemyknowledgeof aircraftdesignwasalmostzeroandmylastserious bitofconstructionwasthepiperackImademyfather whenIwaselevenyearsold.However,Ireckoned couldlearntocarpenterandIhadafewbasic ideasofthesortofaeroplaneIwantedtofly.The aimwouldbe-

Pilotaheadofslipstreamwithunobstructedview; Reasonabletakeoffandlandingperformance:

Reliability;

Compactoveralldimensions;

-thesefeaturesamounttoapusherbiplanewitha welltriedconventionalengine.Innumerablesketches ofgeneralarrangementsfollowedcenteringroundthe RollsRoyce0.200engine,ofwhichthereisapusher version,andabout200squarefeetofwingwhichI hopedwouldallowloadingsroughlysimilartothe TigerMothandaperformancelikethatofthe originalDH60Moth,whichwasreallya65m.p.h. aeroplane.Butthemainthinewastogetoutin frontoftheengineandslipstream,andtosome extentthenoise.Speednotimportant.

Afterdrawingscamerathercrudescalemodelsto seeifthingslookedallrightinthreedimensions: andthenmoreseriousmatters,suchasguessing wheretheC.G.mightcomeandtheanswerwas, always,muchtoofaraft.Sohowdidtheydoitin PopularFlying,May-June,1974

19117Ratherunfairlytheyusedliftingtails,apractice thatputsyouoff-sideatoncenowadaysfor\crygood reasonsIbelieve.Theonlysolutionseemedtobe toputthepilotoutonasortofbowsprit,which bringstheC.C.whereyouwantitandthebonusofa perchforapassengerbetweentheaviatorandthe restofhisaeroplane,shouldtherebeanyonewilling totakethechance.IwantedifIcouldtoreducethe longriggingsession,followedbyacircuit or the aeroplanewhiletwangingwireslikeamantuninga harp,thatwasthepreludetoHightintheoldpusher biplanesandsofellbackupontheonlyengineering preceptthatIknew.namelythattrianglesarea goodthing.

Sotheaeroplaneisbuiltroundatubularstructure thatisbestdescribedasadoublewedgewiththe bladesat90,theforeandaftbladeformingpartof thekeeloftheaeroplaneandthethwartshipblade formingthecentresectionoftherearspar of thetop

wing.Ifindthewholecontraptionalmostimpossible todraw:theengineisbetweenthewings,andthe propellerrevolvesjustaftofthetoptrailingedgeand aboveandabout15inchesforwardofthelowertrailing edge.Thelowermainsparisdirectlybelowtheupper rearspar:chordis4ft.gap4ft.lOins.,andspan 24ft.,withoveralllengthaboutthesame.

Thcdoublewedgetubularstructureisof2ins. diameteraluminiumtube,L.72,asaretheinterplane strutsandtailbooms.Theenginepylonisatubular steeledificelikeastepladderthatstandsroughly abovethecrossoverofthelowermainsparandthe sortof'punt'thatpokesforwardtocarrythepilot andportundercarriageleg,butisotherwiseindependentoftherestoftheaeroplane.Theundercarriage istricyclewithtrack sit. Gins.andwheelbase10ft,and isrubbersprung—-shockcordformtdnlegsand torsionbushfornoseleg.Fuelisinthetopcentre section,thetanksholding15gallons.Theempty

Thelowerwingandpartofthe"bowsprit-PhotoJHy/leaden

The"bowsprit-showingthecontrolcohann.

PhotoJ.Haffenden

weight—No,Iamnotsuchamugasthat;Imean evenpeoplelikeBoeingandB.A C

BeforebuildingwasdecideduponIshowedthe generalarrangementdrawingsandthelatestmodelto variousknowledgeablepeopleforreactionsastofeasabilityandapossibleworkshop,Eventually,andnot withoutmisgivings,IsidledcoylyuptoJohnSproule, thatarchexponentofsimplicityandpracticability, andinveryshortorderhehadfoundaworkshop, shownmewhattoolsIwouldneed,offeredmehis caravantosleepinandlaterfoundmeexcellent 'digs'and,bestofall,introducedmetotheengineer andstressmanwhoturnedacloudofwuzzynotions intotermsofspecifications,scantlingsandgoodsound senseandthroughoutthesubsequentproceedings hasbeenguide,comforterandfriend,orincurrent terminologymy'guru'.

ThefirstwoodwascutinMay1971andthe presentstateofaffairsisthatthebowspritisbuiltand controlrunsarenowthroughfromthepilottothe finalconnectionatcontrolsurfaceswhicharenotyet made.Thewings,whichareplycoveredfromleading edgetofrontsparandarealsoplycoveredtothe rearsparbetweentheinterplanestruts,arenearly completed;undercarriageattachmentfittingsforall threelegsaremadebutnotyetweldedup;fueltanks aremadeandsumps,fillercaps,ventsetc.,readyfor assembly.Someofthestrutandtailboomfittings aremade,othersarestilltocome.

Thissummer1hopetocompletethewings,the enginepylonandtheundercarriagelegs.Ihavethe engine,generatorandstarter,andthreegoodwheels with5"x5"tyresandstoutenoughforthejob,two withbrakesandonewithout.Istillhavetogeta

speciallymadepropeller,andyettobebuiltaresome ofthefittingsforthestrutsandboomsandtheentire tailunit,aswellassuchthingsasthepilot'sseatand somewhereforthatboldpassengertosquat.

Agreatproblemawaitsmewhenallthesebitsand bobsaremadeandofferedupinmypresentworkshop; thiscouldhardlybebetteredforfacilitiesandhelp andadviceinbothmetalandwoodwork,butthere isnotroomforcompleteassembly.However,thisis oneofthosebridgesthatwillhavetobecrossedwhen reached.WhenIstartedallthisIthoughtthatthe maindifficultieswouldbecentredroundmyown abilitiesandendurance;whatIdidnotforeseewere obstaclesoverwhichIhadnocontrolatallsuchas thefuelcrisis,theensuingappallingdifficultyof gettingalmostanygoodqualitymaterialyoulike toname,andofcoursethedreadfulandcontinuing riseinthecostofeverything.Soonesoldierson, ferretingroundforbitsandpiecesandtheharderand longeroneworksthelessonereadsthepapers.

Finally,withtheexceptionofJohnSproulewhom Ihaveknownforfortyyearsandwhowilllaugh whateverhappens,Ihavenotmentionedthemany peopletowhomIalreadyoweagreatdealforhelp andadviceofeverysortonthismarathonandwhom 1willbepesteringforalotmoreyet.Thereisalways thehauntingpossibilitythatthefirsttimeIopenthe throttlewidethethingmaytearacrossthefieldwith aloudnoiseandburrowagreatjaggedholeinthe farboundary.SoIfeelthat,aswhenoneisoriginally learningtofly,thepropertimeforpublicthanksand generalgoodcheeris—afteryouwalkawayfromthe firstlanding.

MILESPASTANDPRESENT

PopularFlying,May - June.1974

/965 MarathoninShorchinnCirca1962typenow extinct.

PhotoA.Dunn

.11100StudentnogitchagainRomHatfield.

Photo.4.Dunn

HawkSpeedSixatShorehambeforeitsrebuild

PhotoM.Grigson

AriesGemthi (7-.406I

PhotoK.Brooks

GeminiG-AICH_atStare,toninaw 'Nis

PhotoA.MOW

MagisterG-ALUXintheearly60s,in • Cw now remainintheworld.BinIwoorebelieredtohein Turkey.

Photo A. D111717

MessengerG-AILLatanOldWardenAirDayin /966, anotherMilestypethat$1111soall disappear.

PhotoA.Donn

Monarch G- AFL.14/daringanArmyOpenclayat MiddleWallop.

PhotoK.Brooks

A MATTER OF MOMENTS

John

Therelationshipbetweenthecentreofliftandthe centreofgravityofanaeroplaneisacrucialone. Thecentreofliftcanbedefinedasthepointthrough whichallliftforcescanbesaidtoact;thecentreof gravityofanyparticularsystemisthatpointthrough whichallforcesduetogravitationalattractionsare assumedtoact.Ingeneral,aircraftdonothavea constantpositionofthecentreoflift.Itchangeswith speedandweightandangleofattackandsomeother variables.Evenso,itisconfinedwithinasmalldistancealongthewingchord;thisdistanceisreferred toasthecentreofpressuretravel.Notethatwehave substitutedtheword"pressure"forlift.

Ouraeroplaneisdesignedtoensurethatthecentre ofgravityremainswithintheprescribedcentre-ofpressuretravel.Thecentreofgravitypositioncanbe variedbychangesinweightandpositionofdisposable load(passengers,baggage,etc.)andbyconsumption offuel.Evenso,whateverchangesarecaused,the C.G.muststillstaywithintheC.P.range.

Inthedesignstage,everyeffortismadetokeep fuelandoil,forexample,asneartotheC.G.as possible,sothatastheyareconsumed,nose-upor nose-downmomentsareavoided—inotherwords, thepositionoftheC.G.inrelationtotheC.P. remainsunchanged.TheC.P.positionandrangeor travelisfundamentallygivenbythecharacteristicsof theaerofoilselected,forthedesign,andtheaircraft designerdoesn'thavemuchinfluenceonit.Butthe C.G.isanothermatter.Thedesignerwilltakestock ofwhathisdesignhastodointermsofweighttobe carried,topspeed,landingspeed,range,andsoon. Thesethingswillleadhimtosizes,shapes,andweights; hewillthenbeabletocomputethelocationofthe C.G.,bothlongitudinallyandvertically.Ingeneral,we donot,forweightandbalancepurposes,bothertoo muchaboutthepositionoftheC.G.sideways, particularlyinultra-lightdesigns.

Thecomputingprocessisaidedgreatlybytheuse ofaC.G.Diagram.Inthisconnection"Moment" meansForce-times-DistanceMomentsaretakenabout averticalreferenceline,usuallytouchingthespinner

TESTINGYOUR

Theinstallationofthefuelsystem,inwhichwe includerigidandflexiblepipes,tanks,taps,pumps andnonreturnvalveswillbeexaminedbyyour Inspectortoensurecompliancewiththedrawingsand soundaircraftpractice.

Asaguidethefollowingaretherequirementsfor testingtanks,pipesandthecompletesystembefore andafterinstallationandduringoverhaul.

Arigidpipeshouldbetestedto1Sibs.psi.or14 timesitsmaximumworkingpressureifapressure systemisused.

Thesamepressuresapplytoaflexiblepipeand whereitisnotpossibletoinspectthepipeinternally theboreshouldbecapableofpassingasteelball, inbothdirections,havingadiameter90%ofthebore oftheendfittingstoensurethattheinternalfabrichas notbeenrupturedundertest.

Flowrateswhichshouldbeobtainedthrough unobstructedmetallicpipesof3ft.length,withahead of12"are:—

diameter15gph; -?4 "diameter24gph

Asimplewayofdeterminingflowistocheckthe timeforIimp.quarttodrainoutanddividethis figureinto900,youranswerwillbetheflowingph. Rememberthedrainpointshouldbelevelwiththe

PopularFlying,May-June,1974

ornoseoftheaircraft;andanhorizontallineparallel tothethrustlineandatgroundlevel.NowtheC.G. ofeachitemispositionedonthedrawingandits distance back fromthevertical/referenceline,and up fromthebaseline,iscarefullymeasured.These weightsanddistancesareputintheappropriate columns;themomentsarefound(forcexdistance) andputinthe"moments"column.Thefiguresinthe columnheaded"ItemWeight"and"Moment"are nowaddedup.Theresultingfiguresaredividedby thcall-upweightoftheaircraft(thesumoftheitem weights)andtheresultisthedistancebackfromthe verticalreferencelineandthedistancefromthebase line,oftheC.G.Wherethelinesthroughthesepoints cross, there isourC.G.

Nowwewillbeabletocheckwhetherthispoint lieswithintherangeofthecentreofpressuretravel ofthewing.Ifitdoesnot,wewillhavetomove someweightbackorforwardsothattheresulting momentwillbechangedtogivetheC.G.position required.Muchofthedependabilityofthediagram willdependonourskillinestimatingcomponent weights.Wecannotdomuchabout"Bought-out" itemssuchasengines,wheelsandsuch.They're fixedandimmutableasfarasourworkisconcerned.

Throughoutthedesignandbuilding,acontinuous weightandbalancecheckhastobemaintained.It neverceasestobeasourceofworry,especiallysince weightalways increases andtheC,G.isforever tryingtomovebackwards,totheundesirableaft limitsoftheC.P.rangesoftravel.

Everyefforthastobemadetokeepallmainweights (engine,fuel,pilot,etc.,)asclosetogetheraspossible thusreducingmomentsofinertiaandimproving controlresponseandeffectiveness.Fuelandoil, particularly,mustbekeptasneartothepositionof theC.G.aspossiblesothatastheyareconsumedin flight,thereisaminimumeffectontheC.G.position.

Beforeanaircraftfliesforthefirsttime,it'sC.G. andweightmustbeverifiedbyweighing.Ihopeto describethisprocessinalaterarticle.

FUELSYSTEM —JohnPothecary

carburettorotherwiseafalseindicationwillbegiven.

Gravityfeedflow:—

Atleastan18"headoffuelatcarburettoris recommendedwiththeaircraftinitssteepestclimbing attitude.Inthisconfiguration,theratemustatleast equal150%ofthefuelconsumptionrateatmaximum take-offpowerorconsumptionrate±10gph.— whicheverisgreater.

PumpSystem:—

Thefuelflowratewithoneenginedrivenpumpor boosterpumpaloneshouldbe125%ofthefuel consumptionattake-offpower,ortake-offrate 10gph.—whicheverisgreater.Thistestshouldbe repeatedwithallpumpsworkingtogether.Thefuel tankforthistestshouldcontainunusablefueland 10%usablefuel,andfillercapsshouldbefittedso thatventsmaybechecked.

Fueltanksshouldbetestedtoapressureof141bs. psi.,eitherbyimmersinginwaterandcheckingfor bubbles,orbyputtingin5%capacityofparaffin beforepressuringandtheseamsandpossiblesources ofleakspaintedwithamixtureofmethylatedspirit andwhiting.

Remember,wheneverafuelsystemis"broken"a fuelflowcheckmustbemadeonre-assembly.

THEMANUELHAWK SAILPLANE byHowardTorode

TheappearanceofBillManuel'sHawkSailplane createdsuchinterestatSywellthatIthoughPFA Membersmightliketoknowsomemoredetailsofthe aircraft'shistory.

IfirstcametohearofManuelandhisrecentdesign activitiesthroughKenFrippofSouthdownAero Services.Kenisanoldfamilyfriendandalsoalong standingfriendofBillManuel.Billhad,bythen finishedtheconstructionoftheHawkandhadasked Kenforassistanceinfindingsomeonetotestand certificatethemachine.Atthattimetheofficial channelsoftheBGAtestgroupswereotherwise occupiedwithSigmaandvariousotherprojectssoKen contactedme,knowingthatIwasintheflighttest businessandmightbeabletoassist.

ManuelhadbuilttheHawkduring1968-70inthe rearofahangaratFairoaksasaprojectinhisretirement.Hehadpreviously (circa 1932)builtaseriesof sailplanesunderthegenericnameoftheWrensof whichsome10orsoexampleswereflown(oneisstill inexistence).Thesesailplaneswereultra-lightin weightandwouldnowbeclassedinglidingtermsas lightwindsoarers(wingloadingabout2.5lbs/112). Hisexperienceofglidersofthistypeleadshimto applymoremodernaerodynamicdevelopmentstohis newdesignforthesamesoaringrole.However.Bill's ideasdevelopedindependentlyofthecurrentsoaring movementandlittlewasknownoftheaircraftbefore thefinalemergence.

Myprincipalconcern,ontakinganinterestinthe project,wastoascertaintheamountofdesignand stressingthathadbeenappliedtothestructure.Itwas foundthatalthoughtheaerodynamicsofthedesign hadmovedwiththetimes,thestructuralanalysishad beenverysparse.Theonlycal(ulationsavailablewere relatedtomainsparbending.HoweverBill'spractical knowledgeofconstructiontechniquesstoodthesailplaneingoodstead,soalthoughIwasunwillingto flythesailplaneinthesecircumstances(asnaturally anyonewouldbe).Isetaboutwhatcanonlybedescribedasa'retrospective'stres!Miganalysiscombined withaseriesofstructuraltestsofvarioustypes.

Although.nottoberecommended,stressingan aircraftafteritsconstructiondoesenableonetospeed upthebookworkinseveralways.Firstly,onecan makefairlybroadassumptionswithregardtoone's initialvariables,CGrange,AUWetc.,whichonly needtoberefinedifasnagisfound.Secondly,one canalwaysapproachagivensituationusingthe simplesttheory,resortingtomorecomplexfuller solutionsifaproblemseemstobearising.Thirdly,of coui-se,onealsohastheworkingarticledirectlyon handforeasyreference.Forinstance,noassumption needbemadeaboutstructureweightsandweight distribution:theyexistandcanbemeasured.However, theseadvantagesarefaroutweighedbytheobvious disadvantage:anyrealproblemrequiresarebuild!

InthecaseoftheHawk,astressingsummarywas preparedcoveringtheprimarystructure.ThcBGA withwhomthesailplanewastobecertificated,were extremelyhelpfulandbroadminded,allowingusto usesomedegreeof'eyeball'stressingwithintheless vitalsecondaryandtertiarystructure.Theaircraft wasstressedtoBCARsectionE(gliders)usingthe non-aerobatic,nocloudflyingoptionwhichallows onetoworkto a maximummanoeuvringloadfactor of6(ultimate)andinthiscaseaVdof87knots. Withinthisframeworkofrequirements,threemajor structuralshortcomingswereapparent:—

Therearfuselagebendingstrengthwasfound tobeinsufficientintheregionofthewing trailingedge.Toremedythisanexternalstrake wasaddedtothebottomlongeronover8ft. fromtherearofthewheelbox,inordertoadd 'meat'tothatlongeronandalsotoincreasethe bucklingstressthereof.

Thewingtorsionalstiffnesswasbelowan acceptablelevel.

Thelocalstabilityofthewingtorsionbox coverswasinsufficientovertheinner500/,of thespar.

Problems2and3wereimprovedsimultaneouslyby reskinningthewingcentresectionandinsertinginterpitchedribsoverthewholecentre-section.Thisimprovedpanelstabilityaboutsixfoldandincreasedthe overallwingtorsionalstiffnessbyaffictorofjustOver three.Thesemodificationsbeingcompleted,numerous minorchangeswereundertaken,mainlyintheareas ofthecockpitandcontrolcircuits.Inaddition,the majorityoftheaircraftrequiredrecovering.Thesejobs werefinallycompletedandapplicationforaBGA permit(BGANo.1778)wasmadeinNovember1972.

Thedateofthefirstflightfinallyevolvedas24th November-.1972.Take-offwasfromrunway26at Cranfieldtoaheightof2,800ft.Thesailplaneunstuck earlyinthegroundroll,waseasilyhandleableinthe calmairandstructurallyverystiff.Theflightenabled metomakeaninitialassessmentofallflyingcontrols andlandingwasfacilitatedwithnoproblemafter18 minutesHying.Theonlyproblemimmediatelyobvious wasasignificantshortageofrudderpower.Afterthree furtherflightson25thNovemberbyPeterBisgood (RAEBedford)andmyselfinthepresenceofBill Manuel,theaircraftwasgroundedformodifications thatincludeda4"additiontotherudderchord,the sealingofthefin/ruddergapandtherecontouringof therudder'D'nose.Thesealterationswereentirely effectiveandthetestflyingforaBGAexperimental C-of-Awascompletedwithoutanyfurthersignificant modifications.ThetestsincludedPEmeasurement, longititudinalstaticstabilitymeasurements:general handlingqualitiesassessment;low-speedhandling, stallingandspiningandchecksonbehaviourat maximumpermittedspeeds.Thetestprogrammetook

16launcheswithatotalof12hoursflying,finishingon 8thMarch,1973.Thehighaverageflighttimewas certainlyassistedbygoodsoaringconditionsduring February,whenseveralsoaringflightswerecarried out,confirmingManuel'soriginaldesignspecification forasailplanethatcansoarinallconditions.Further, duringtheprogramme,manoeuvringupto3gat 90ktslASwasachieved,justifyingourconfidencein thestructuralintegrity.

SincetheawardoftheC-of-A,changeshavebeen madeinseveralareasinordertoimprovevarious aspectsofthedesign.Aileroncontrolhasbeen simplifiedandtheperformanceimprovedbydiscontinuingtheuseofthelowerbrakepeddles.

Asacomparisonwithothersailplanes,theHawk performswellagainsttheOlympiallb;notexactly thelastwordinhighperformance,admittedly,butnot badconsideringherlowspan(42ft)andaspectradio (12).

Havingnowcompletedthetestprogrammeproper, weintendtocontinueimprovingtheHawkwhilstalso extendingherinsoaringflights.Wehaveraisedher structuralandhandlingqualitiestoabovethe 'acceptable'levelandnowhopethatwithalittle tuningherglideperformancemaybeimproved.She hasbeenflownatLasham,HusbandsBosworthand Dunstable(hillsoaring).Further,herflightinto Sywell,fromCranfieldviaMeltonMowbraywasher firstsoaringcross-country(71miles,135kilometres), and,asIintend,bynomeansherlast.Sincethetripto SywellwehavealsotakenhertotheDeeside Gliding ClubduringOctober,whenshedemonstratedher abilitytomakeuseofwavelift,achievingamaximum altitudeof12,000ft.ASL

Thus,inallrespects,wehavedemonstratedthe Hawk'sintegrityasasoaringmachineandfewofthe 25pilotswhohaveflownhertodate,havebeenother thanimpressedwithherdocilehandlingqualities.

;la

TheMamwl Mu*with pregcureerrormeasurementeatOpment.

TheManuelHawkinflight

GENERALDESCRIPTION

TheHawkisasmall,light-weightsingle-seatsailplaneofmediumperformanceusingwoodasthe principalstructuralmaterial.Thewing,whosesection isWortrnannFX61-184,hasaspanof42ft(12.8 metres)andconsistsofa2311.long,constantchord centresectionandtaperingtipwiththesinglemainspar inaboxconstructionwithspruceboomsandthe torsionboxisplycovered.Thestructureisfabric coveredaftofthespar,andthefuselageisofoval cross-sectionedplycoveredmonocoqueconstruction, taperingtoaT-tailunit.Allcontrolsurfacesarefabric covered.Theaircraftissupportedonasinglewheel placedwellforwardandatailskid.Thecockpit canopyisinthreesections;afixedforwardsection;a hingeddoublecurvaturecanopycoverandaglazed centresectioncover.Thepilotisseatedinasemireclinedpositionwithprovisionforaparachute.The layoutofcontrolsisentirelyconventionalandall controlsareactuatedthroughcables.Aileronshavea 1.6:1differentialandaresituatedcompletelyonthe tipsections.AirbrakesareoftheSthempp-Hirthtype butoperateonthetopwingsurfaceonly.Atrimtabis fittedtotheelevator.

timatesco-relatedwithflighttestexperience.Nodetailedmeasurementshavebeenmade,andfurther,itis expectedthatthefiguresbelowmaybeimprovedon followingfurtherflightdevelopment.

THEPFAWINGSBADGESCHEME

FormanyyearsPrivatePilotshavelookedfor furtherqualificationstoobtainoncetheyhavethe PPL.

TheRoyalAeroCluboffersfourgradesoftie. Onceyouhave60hoursPIthe1MCratingisan essentialstepfortheprivatepilotwithanyserious intent.

Nowwehavedevisedaschemedesignedtoencouragememberstoincreasetheirflyingefficiency especiallyinthoseareasconsideredpartofPFA flying.

TheAssociationwillawardawingsbadgeintwo grades,goldandsilver,andhereisasummaryof basicrequirements.

Objects

TheobjectsofawardingthePFAflyingbadgeare:

1-1tosetastandardofflyingamongsttheMembers whichwillenhancethereputationofthePFAin theAviationMovement.

12toencourageMemberstoincreasetheirflying efficiencyespeciallyinthoseareasconsidered partofPFAflying.

Pre-TestStandard

Applicantsmusthaveaminimumof:

2.IAcurrentPrivatePilot'slicence.

2-2AnR/Tlicence.

2.3Evidenceofflyingtwotailwheel/skidaeroplanes andtwotricycleaeroplanesatleastoneshould beunder10001bs.AUW.

2-4CurrentPFAMembership.

2.580hours(silver),and160(gold)loggedas pilot:atleasttwothirdsofthistimemustbeP.1.

2.6Minimumof20hours(silver)and30hours(gold) aspupilpilotunderinstruction.

2.71.M.C.rating(gold)only.

2-8Atleastonehourflyinganultralightaeroplane. APPLICANTSMUSTBESPONSOREDBYTWOFULLY PAID-UPPEAMEMBERS.

OralTest

Coveringthefollowingitems:

3.1Dailyinspectionprocedures.

3.2Picketingaircraftonhardandsoftground.

3.3Inspectionofaircraftafterovernightparking.

3.4Propellorswinging.

3•5Actionintheeventoffire.

3.6Effectofsurface,temperature,altitudeandwind ontake-offandlandingperformance.

3.7EffectofloadingonC-of-Gandstability.

3.8Vitalactions.

3.9Techniqueofflyingpassengerswithparticular emphasisonfirstflight.

3.10Techniqueofdisplayflying.

3.11Elementarymeteorology.

SoloFlying

4-1LiaisonwithATCorfieldoperator.

4.2Preparationforflight.

4.3Startingprocedure.

4-4Taxying.

4.5Considerationofothertraffic.

4.6Shortfieldtake-off.

4.7Forcedlandingwithoutpower.

4.8Forcedlandingwithpower.

DualFlying

5.1 Shorttake-off.

5.2Stalling.

5-3Instrumentflying-180rate1turnonlimited panel. -1000ft.climbanddescenton limitedpanel

5.4Forcedlandingwithoutpower.

AwardsofFlyingBadge

FlyingbadgeswillbeawardedbythePEACommitteeafterrecommendationbyanexaminingpilot. Badges,whichwillbenumbered,willbeawardedfor aperiodoftwoyearsbutwillremainthepropertyof thePFA.

Intheeventoftransgressionoftherulesofgood airmanshipthebadgewillbereclaimedbytheAssociation.

ExaminerswillbeappointedbythePFASubCommitteeonaregionalbasis,initiallythrough strutsandgroups.

ApplicationsforaPEAtestwillbemadebyan applicantonanapplicationformavailablefromyour strutorPFAoffice.

R FYI EW:

JottingsofaWiltshiregentleman

"Mr.PiperandHisCubs"byDevonEarlFrancis, publishedbyIowaStateUniversityPress,InternationalStandardBookNo.0-8138-1250-x.

HereforthefirsttimeisthefullstoryofthePipers withtheiroriginsinRobertsbridge,Sussex;andof theCubswiththeiroriginintheTaylorChummy.

InspiteofsetbackssuchastheWallStreetslump andadisastrousfireattheoriginalfactory,itisastory ofsteadyslogginggrowthuntil1942whenthcmilitary authoritiesbelievedtheremightbeauseforgrasshoppers.Althoughatermprobablymintedinderision bythebig-fly-boys,Grasshopperwasanametostick andwithinamonthGrasshopperlapelbadgeswere beingproudlywornbythoseresponsibleforthe Operation.

Themostabsorbingpartofthebookisthatdevoted towartimeanecdotes.Herearetobefoundthenames ofthefamous—pilotswholovedCubsincludeda certainColonelwhobecameapostwarPresidentof theUS

WhilstonlyahandfulofCubswereusedinthe NorthAfricaninvasion,thenumberusedin June 1944 inNormandyrantoFourfigures.

Photographsinthebookarcscarce,butthisleaves moreroominthepagesforCompanyhistory.Indeed. ifallycriticismistobemadeitisthatthereismuch abouttheCompanyandtheAmericanwayofhusiness andnotenoughaboutthemanyaircraftmade. *-

Decemberisalwaysabusymonth for postmenand theweightof Jane'sAlltheWorld'sAircraftdoes not makelifeanyeasierforhim.Biggerandheavierthan ever,thepriceof£15-00goesagainstitbeinganeasyto-askforChristmaspresent(unless,likeme,you happentoha‘eabirthdayinthesameweek,andcan askforJane'sasadoublepresent).

It'sallinherefromtheUSSR'sworldrecordholding FoxbattoTedGould'sQueMas?Indeedwhatmore? sumsupthewholebook.

Whilstintendedforthehistorianinterestedinthe aviationsceneinitsentirety,italsohashoursof interestforultralightafficienadosandfortheprospectivedesignerprovidesawealthofideasonnew shapes.

Thevolumearrivedjusttoolateforreview in our

JanuarymagazinesointheensuingfewweeksIhave beenabletocullafewinterestingfacts.Referring againtoFoxbat,theRussiansMIG25,welearnthat ithasclimbedto118,897feet.TheArgentinehasits ownPFAknownasAVEXandinadditiontosuch thingsasPouxhaveflownaeroplanesofindigenous designs.Austriahasproduceditsownmanpowered aircraft.Andlifeismucheasierwhenyoureadabout FrenchhomebuiltsinEnglish;thetwinengined Colombarwithamaximumtakeoffweightof375 poundswascertainlyasurprise.Fascinatingflying devicesarenotonlyaGallicprerogativeaswereadof theRFBaerofoilboatfromGermany.

Thisistrulyabookforthewholeyear,aswithits 810pagesofmeatonecanpickitupeverydayand addtoone'sstoreofaeronauticalknowledge.

MilitaryAircraft1939-1945byRoyCross,published byHughEvelyn, 59pps.,39illus. 0-50.

Thisvolumefollowstheauthor'sbook"Early Aeroplanes-,bydepictinganddescribingthede%,elopmentandoperationoftheaeroplaneduringthenext twoandahalfdecades.Althoughhistitlerefersto onlythelasthalfofadecadeofthatperiod.RoyCross openshisstudyin1918andexplainsthathisintention isto"featuresixteenfamousmilitaryaeroplanesof 1939-45"andtogivethe"historicalbackground againstwhichtheywereconceived''.

Hehasdonethisinaveryclearandinteresting manner.Thestorybehindeachsuccessfulspecification. andsomeothers,issuppliedandsupportedbyline photographsanddetaileddiagrams.Aircraftofmost ofthecontestantsinbothgreatwarsarementioned.

Itisunfortunatethatwheresuchafineefforthas beenmadetoproduceareallyexcellentwork.an unfortunateerrorhascreptintothesecondparagraph onpage38InreferringtotheDutch-ownedD.C.2 whichgainedsecondplaceintheMelbourneAirRace. the".Swissairline,K.L.Mismentioned.

Thelayoutandpresentationoftheworkissuchthat itisexcellentforbothstudyandreference.Cleartype, printedongoodqualitypaper,aidseasyreadingand theperfectregistrationofthebeautifullydetailed colourplateswilldelighttheenthusiastandcollector.

Thecolourplatesare,orcourse,uptothewell knownhighstandardofHughEvelynandtheyare supportedbyanindexofthedetailsandspecifications ofthesixteenaircraftchosen.

G-ATKIIhenowfamousCubbeforeitsrebuild.PhotoAlanDIMII

POPULARFLYINGispublishedon thefirstdayofJanuaryandthereafter onthefirstdayofalternatemonths.No advertisementswillbeacceptedlater thantendaysbeforepublication.All advertisementstobesentto:AdvertisementManager,PopularFlyingAssociation,TerminalBuilding,ShorehamAirport,Shoreham-by-Sea,Sussex.

Semi-displaypercolumninch£3.30. Lineage(minimumthreelines)perline 44p.Discounts:seriesofthree5%. Seriesofsix10%.Agencies10%.

SPECIALRATEFORMEMBERS OFTHEPOPULARFLYING ASSOCIATION

a singleinsertionofnotmorethan thirtywords:33p. serieschargedatcommercialrate inclusiveofVAS.

BoxNumbers 10p

Anyadvertisementcostinglessthan £1.25 mustbeprepaid.Pleasecrossall chequesandpostalordersandmake payabletothePopularFlyingAssociation.

ENGINES

WANTED. CirrusMinorenginein workingorder,wouldconsidertimeexpiredenginesuitableforrebuild.Details toDFFB,OakTreeCottage,Founthill Newick,Sussex.Tel.Newick3407.

VWCYLINDERHEAD drillingservice. 1200and1500headscateredfor.You supplyheads,wedrill,supplyplugsand extralongspanner.ContactRoyWatlingGreenwood,Uckfield,Sussex3242.

TIREDVW1500 (1964-6v)Engine-no compressionononesideotherwiseOK. SuitableConversion/Rebuild.£45.Phone David01-402-6183or01-403-7231.

ENGINE FORSALE. Continental C.85-12.No.30811-8-12.Withgeneratorandstarter.144hrs.only.Fully documented.Instoreandfullyinhibited.Sensibleoffers.N.Cranfield, BroadstoneFarm,ForestRow,Sussex.

FORSALE ContinentalC.90-8F.only 365hourssincemajoroverhaul.£450ono. Fullydocumented.BillSmith.01-759-9111 Ext.37

ENGINEFOR SALE. ContinentalC.85 withstarterandgenerator.150hrs.£650. N.Cranfield,ForestRow2457.

PROPELLERS

PFAAPPROVEDPROPELLERS for VW1200and1500engines.PFAapproved propellersformostMikroninstallations. Thebestpropellersoftheirkindinserious productionanywhere.ContactRoyWatling-Greenwood,Uckfield,Sussex, 3242. RWGPROPELLER, suit1200ceto 1500ccVWengine.Run40hoursonly.As newcondition. Oneowner.£40o.n.o.Roy Watling,Greenwood,Ridgewood,Uckfield,Sussex.Tel.:Uckfield3242.

UNUSEDMaCAULEYKlip-TipPropellorLM7144,71in.dia.x44in.pitch, anyoffers?Tel.Heathfield(Sussex)3436. FOR SALE.Twocompletepropeller bossestofitVWengines1300cc,1500cc and1600cc.£22each.R.R.Lockwood, TheBungalow,HighStreet,Thornoch, Eye,Suffolk.Tel.Occold378.

WANTEDURGENTLY tokeepusairborne:PropforC.90engineinJodel120 onaSpecialCat.C.O.A.Tel.Flitwick 2901.

INSTRUMENTS

FORSALE. ClinometersbyHilger& WattsMk.7360°Notation,Vernier scale.Sealedunopenedandboxedin polishedwoodcase,completewithmanufacturerscertificateofaccuracy£35.00. Cost£68.00.Someused,asnew£15.00. A.Boadley,12PennsLakeRoad, SuttonColdfield.021351.(2877).

WANTED. P11compass.Detailsto StuartMcKay,16ThatchersDrive, Maidenhead,Berkshire.

RADIO

WANTED.Drybatteryoperatedtransceiver,headphonesandmikesuitablefor ultra-light.Gough,Upleadon,Newent, Gloucester.Tel.Newent820331.

SHORROCKS TSR-unusedsinceoverhauledbymakers.Allcrystalsinstalled. Offers.TelephoneFairford506. NARCORADIOandVOR.£60.00. C.Cleaver,4StonecroftClose,Hove4, Sussex.

RADIO REQUIRED. VHF.Suitablefor Nipper3.A.Barnetson,TheOldCottage, Milland,Hants.Milland371. APAIRofNarcoADFreceiversinused condition£30eachor£50pair.Will exchangebothforKingKY90.Rec/ Trans.orsimilar.Phone:Cole,Bobwalls 584(Cornwall).

PFAAPPROVEDPROPELLERS

MISCELLANEOUS

WANTED.Interestingcolour/bwaviation films,16mm,silentortalkie.Detailsto LaurieMansfield,Hazlebank,Ditchling Common,Hassocks,Sussex.BurgessHill 3160.

WANTED.Photographsofany29or54 SquadronMeteoraircraftbasedatR.A.F. Tangmere1953-55.Saleorborrowto copy.DetailstoStuartMcKay,16 ThatchersDrive,Maidenhead,Bucks.

THEOBSERVER'SBOOKOF AIRCRAFT1974: justpublished.60p frombooksellersorFrederickWarne, 40BedfordSquare,London.WC1B 3HE(plus8ppostage),Alsojust published: TheObserver'sBasic MilitaryAircraftDirectory. £2.00 (plus12ppostage).

WANTED.ForPFAcolourtransparency ollection.Haveyouanyspare35mm lidesofPFAtypeaircraft,Homebuiltor Vintage,Britishorotherwise?Ifsoplease endthemtothePFAOfficeforagood home.Sendoneofyourownaircraftif youcan.

WANTED.Hasanyoneanyunmade plasticaircraftkitstheywouldliketosell? Ifso,pleasewritetoAlanDunn,130 AbbeyRoad,Sompting,Lancing,Sussex withdetails.

CLEARANCESALE

VW1500ccenginewithpartcomplete Peacockconversionandplans.£100. SetofVP-1plans£10. 2RFDtype50Cself-inflatinglifejackets. £7.50each.

Airlite'70'lightweightheadsetwith NATOplug,£15.M.R.Wood,Gullivers Farm,EastOrchard,Shaftesbury,Dorset. Telephone:FontmellMagna(074781)313. UNUSEDfirefightingoutfit(foametc.), firstaidequipment,controlcaravan,all suitableforsmallairfield(ClassD)Wood, EastOrchard,Shaftesbury,Dorset.Tel.: FontmellMagna313.

PLEASE don'tthrowawayyouroldair displaypostersandprogrammes.Send themtoagoodhome.StuartMcKay,16 ThatchersDrive,Maidenhead,Berkshire. GROUPFLYING.Thruxtonbased PiperColt.NewNarco360.£7.25per hourinclusive;nocapitalrequired. PhoneNewbury4274orThatcham62888. WANTED. OnesetofLutonMinorwings constructedorpartlyconstructed,withor withoutintegralfueltanks.D.Platt,c/o XVSquadron,RAFLaarbruch.BFP043. FABRIC.DTD575A-53,85pyard.5E8 Serratedtape2"wide,8pyard.Pleaseadd 25pP.&P.M.Vaiscy,c/o44WoodLane End,HemelHempstead,Herts.

WANTED.Tyres6.00x61plusC90magneto,instrttments,stick,pedalssuitable Cavalier.ForSale:12gaugeS510suitable engine,wingbrackets.K.Stacey,13 RomanWay,Bedhampton,Havant. Havant5615.

EXCHANGE UniqueRollsRoyceCommandCaron1939SilverWraithchassis forCessna150value£3,500.Collector's itemthatispracticaltransportforlarge family.Beautifullyrestoredandinfaultless mechanicalorder.Tel.Dobwalls584.

MINICABWANTED:Partfinishedor damagedmightbeconsidered.A.Dennis, 10WrekinDrive,TheWergs,Wolverhampton.

AIRCOUPEwantedinanycondition. Complete,incompleteordamaged.Tel. Dobwalls584.

VW1200 £56-50 ContinentalA65 £71-50 VW1500 £61-00 Mikron111 £75-00 VW1600. .£69-00 Specialorderstoquote

VWCylinderHeadMachiningService£15-50including10mm PlugsandLongSocket

TigerMothParts ForSale

Completelistsofnewpartsavailable andalsodrawingsandmanuals. Manypartsingoodconditionfor sale.

Alsorestorableitemssuchas— fuselagesandwings.

S.A.E.forliststo:

HOWARDGRAY HENDONAI'ROPLACo., 12IIRACKIOSHILLCLOSI, BHOPALFKENT. 01-460-6140

CORNWALLFLYINGCLUB NIEMBERS

Concessionratesonrepairs,checks and C. ofA.renewals—Labour chargesONLY£1.75perhour. Membershipfee--£3.50 SpecialistsInmpairandre-fabrieing iffolderaircraff.Damagedandout CofA.aircraftpurchasedforrebuildingandforreducingtospares.

ForSale: (tipsyMajorengine,650Nalrsfrom nets.TopoverhauljustcompletedE350:CirrusMinorwithrecon.prop_ —E200.AiisterundTriPacerairframespares.GipsyMajorengine sparesincludingsetAluminiumcyl. hendscssakes:pairofrecon. maimetes.PhoneCardingham255

AIRCRAFTFORSALE.Lutonmino G.-ASEB.SensibleofferstoFerga. McVeigh,StoneCircleFarm,Combo: CountyDown.N.Ireland.

AIRCRAFTFORSALE.Aeronct ChampG-AOEH.'lineandwhite,nes cylinderbarrelsandpistonassemblies £1,650.00.N.O'Neill,57CleveleyPark Belfast.BT84N11{6458274

FORSALE.JodelD.1171760T.T.Ne) Fabric1968C.9014E,860T.T.El501 withnewpermit.Minicab65H.I'.Conti 1300/I1.VerySmart.Permitrequired. E850.Phelps.23SleafordRoad. Birmingham13289QP.

Sl'OONERAVIATIONareofferingona - OneOWonIVbasis.IheAct.°Resources McCulloch)TTSuperGyroplane (i-AZWZ.TTjust68hr.2seat100mph. netsColA.t7,950.Partexchange welcomed.canbedemonstratedatShoreham.Tel.S)ioreham61661.

TURBULENTG-ASBWexcellentCO11diion(New cert. 12months)huedbrakes. FeaturedcoverPEAmap.:!Illus.total Tulleengineandairframe,willingly demonstrate,Dyceairport,flyor.E1,50 perhr.Pl.Notimewastersplease,.1_S Swanson,48PolmuirRoad.Aberdeen.

PLANS

JODELDR1050DRAWINGSrequired. RonSouch.46YardleyRoad,HedgeEnd, Southampton.Tcl.Botley2355.

UNUSEDTaylorMonoplanePlans£8, DonPeacockVWPlans£4,PairLH. Newall.8ThorntonClose,Easingwold, YorksTel.21055.

WILLSELLi7rexchangeunusedset Pittsplans,Interestedinanyhardware suitableforTailwind.Alsorequireplans forThorpeTISandMidgetMustang. Cook,4WascanaClose,Hull(643330).

FABULOUSFRED

STOLperformanceonVWorLawranceengines.De-rigsand rigsaseasilyasaglider.Roadable.Plansincluderoadfittings. Easytofly.Cheaptobuild.Longestsinglecomponent12'9' long.Plansconsistof25highlydetailedsheets.

PerSet—£15.00

Informationsheet.3viewdrawing.photograph—5op. ERICCLUTTON,92NEWLANDSSTREET,SHELTON, STOKE-ON-TRENT,STAFFORDSHIRE,ENGLAND

Badges:Printed,washable,non-frde.Embroidered,goldandsilverwire. 'nes: Wovenorprintedmotifs.Fromonedozen.

Pennants:Specialsashesorpennants.Sendsketchorcopyforquote. Stickersofallkinds. LECBROOK(Dept.24).A.D.B.LONDONLTD., 57BLANDEORDSTREET,LONDON.W_I.

Telephone:01-486-2021/2/3

WANTEDLiedF.9Plans.Tel. Hemyttek588(STD082368).

DRUINE'FURBI.2seat,plansunused andcopiesofAirPictorial(SAEforlists) 1958/68someAirforceFlyingReviews. offersTimberls,CrellowHill,Stithians. Truro.

AIRCRAFTWANTED

AIRCRAFTWANTED.Eour-seater aircrafi.Mustbasegoodappearanceand condition.Reasonablehoursremaining onengineandairframe.1elephone Faitlord506.

%.‘ANTED—damagedord!SI:ardediliaylorcraftfuselageandotherAusterairframeitems.Redstings.Kirdford.Billingshurst,Sussex.

NIPPER—damagedorpartlybuiltaircraft.Piper,16LangdaleAsc..Harpenden. Herts.Harpenden63872.

DAMAGEDorPuriBuiltultralight wanted.B.Houghton,6Ash(1rove, ClockFace.St.Helens,Lancs.Tel. Marshalls(ross812769IHomc),Rainford3934IWork,.

DAMAGED,incompleteandoutofC.of A.lightaircraftwantedforrebuildingand forreducingtospares.CornwallHving Club.Tel.Dobwalls554orCardinhum 1 55.

LATESMALLADVERTS (Unclassified)

AUSTERPILOTCLUBrequiredetail, ofanyAustersparesincludingcomple,e airframesandAusten,forsale.Detailsto SparesSecretary,ALusterPilotCULL35 TinchmereAvenue,Saltdean.Susses

Yet,Brighton33117

WANTED.Unopenedbtuvalidtinso Aerodux500or185IAOhhardener.T Duhig,'Crosskindsi,HampersLane Storrington,Sussex.Storrington3550.

WANTED:VWEngine(Convened)1200 1500cc,alsoRBmagnetospares.23 DuncanCourt,AnsonDrive,Southampton5028RS,

PPL'sinterestedinformingagroupto operateaTurbulentoranysmalltailwheelaeroplaneintheBodminarea, pleasecontactBoxNo,305,PEA011ice.

WANTED:16LutonMinorundercarriageshockabsorberrubbers.A. Morris,87ShootersDrive,Nazeing, Essex.Nazeing3054.

AP-IPLANSunusedEl)writetoR. Beath.MeeatieeKs.,Colchester,EsSeN rringColchester5121ext560after lours.

\ANTED:Shareinlightorultralight KentorSussesTel.TunbridgeWells 2644

FOL'RniANNUAL

FLYINGONA BUDGET?

Whynothavemoretospendonyouraeroplane andequipment.

Ourcredittermsforinsuranceneedcostyou nothing.

ALLTYPESOFAIRCRAFTINSURANCE

Accident,LifeorEndowmentCorer forPilotsandPassengers

(DoesthePassengerLiabilitySectionofyour Policyccweryourfamily7)

InsuranceagainstlossofFlyingLicence

TRAFFORDFACILITIES

LTD.

AssociatedInsuranceBrokers

151HATFIELDROAD ST.ALBANS,HERTS. TelephoneNos.:54967&52396

VOLKSWAGEN

AIRCRAFTENGINEPLANS for AmateurConstructors

Doncaster Sailplane Services

for

HOMEBUILDERSSUPPLIES

G.L.1 aircraftbirchply0.8mmto5mm. Fabric-2weightsforsupportedandunsupported areas.

Dope—tauteningandcolouretc. Jointingcompound—forwood/metal. Spruce,DouglasFir,WhitePine. Ash, gradeA. A.S.I.V.S.I.compassesetcetc.

5.5I4andS.510steelsheetandtubes. Controlcablemadeuptoorder. V.P.I.Cavaliermaterials.

Cavalierplansandallrawmaterialtobuild. Fibreglassandresin,releaseagent,pigmentetc. Semi5.exforpricelist

YORKROAD,DONCASTER 0302-65381,-61713,4355

Nowrevisedandre-dimensionedinmetricaswellas Britishunits,thesehighlydetaileddrawingswillenablethe HomebuildertoconvertanyV.W.engineupto1600ccs.at verylowcost.Mostoftheoriginalengineisusedaswellas partsfromothervehicleswhichareeasilyandcheaplyobtained.

Lifetimeadviceisofferedwiththeplanswhichcomprise 30sq.ft.ofdrawingsandover15,000wordsofinstructions. Manyenginesbuilttotheseplansarenowflying. Completeplans£600airmailanywhereintheworld. DonaldG.Peacock,MeadowCottage,TheHeath,Ardleigh,Colchester,Essex.Tel.Colchester230446