CONSTRUCTION DESIGN SEMESTER 1 2015 PAUL COFFEY
KWEI KEE & SHAWN’S
AWESOME MODEL
ABPL30041_2015_SM1 TUTORIAL 7 GROUP 7 SHAWN KOH JYH SHEN
712987 ONG KWEI KEE
605905 1
WEEK 1 MATERIALS AND MORE SIMILAR TO BUILT WORKS, MATERIALS ARE SORT AFTER FOR THEIR DURABILITY, APPEARANCE, LOW COST AND STRENGTH.
STORES 1. BUNNINGS WAREHOUSE 501 WILLIAMSTOWN ROAD PORT MELBOURNE VIC 3207 2. MELBOURNE ARTIST SUPPLY 34-36 LITTLE LA TROBE STREET MELBOURNE VIC 3000 3. ECKERSLEY’S ARTS & CRAFT 97 FRANKLIN ST MELBOURNE VIC 3000
LIST AND DIMENSIONS MATERIALS WERE BOUGHT BASED ON BUILDING COMPONENT SIZES TO SCALE. HAVING THIS INFORMATION SAVES COST AND TIME AT THE STORE LEAVING MORE TIME FOR BUILDING THE MODEL.
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WEEK 1 MODEL BASE THE BASE WAS MADE FROM 4 SIDES AND LATER BRACES IN THE MIDDLE TO CREATE A STRONG BASE. THE BASE WILL BE CLAD WITH SANDPAPER THAT REPRESENTS THE LAYERS OF SOIL BENEATH THE SITE. BEAM SLOTS ARE CUT TO SHOW THE BEAMS BELOW THE GROUND LEVEL SLAB.
WORK FLOW WE SPLIT OUR EFFORTS INTO 2 PROCESSES. KK (KWEIKEE) WORKED ON TEMPLATES OF THE FLOOR SLABS AND SECTIONS TO GET THE SIZES AND SHAPES OF COMPONENTS, SK (SHAWN) WORKED ON CUTTING MATERIALS AND MAKING THE MAIN STRUCTURE OF THE MODEL.
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WEEK 1 METAL STRUCTURE USING CARDBOARD, THE METAL FRAMES WERE MADE FROM LAYERS THAT WERE GLUED TOGETHER AND PAINTED GREY.
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WEEK 1 INSULATION PINK FELT WE FOUND IN A STATIONARY STORE IS USED TO REPRESENT THE INSULATION. IT WILL BE WRAPPED WITH ALUMINUM JUST LIKE THE REAL ONES,
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WEEK 1 WATER PROOFING BLUE PAPER IS USED TO REPRESENT THE ALL IMPORTANT WATERPROOFING BLANKET THAT PROTECTS THE BUILDING’S STEEL STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS.
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WEEK 1 GLASS WINDOWS USING CARDBOARD, THE FRAMES OF THE WINDOWS ARE INDIVIDUALY PLACES ONTO THE ACRYLIC SHEET. A DIVISION OF 1M OF EACH WINDOW IS MADE ACCORIDNG TO THE SPECIFICATIONS THE ARCHITECT GAVE US IN HIS LECTURE.
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WEEK 2 BEFORE TUTORIAL AFTER 1 WEEK THE MODEL WAS BUILT TO THE 1ST STOREY BUT WAS NOT ASSEMBLED TOGETHER YET. GROUND FLOOR WAS 80% COMPLETED. COMMENTS WERE POSITIVE AND FEEDBACK WAS GIVEN TO HAVE OUR ROOF CONSTRUCTED BY THE NEXT TUTORIAL.
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WEEK 2 1ST STOREY SLAB USING SOME BALSA WOOD AND CARDBOARD, WE MADE THE SUSPENDED CEILINGS THAT WOULD SUSPEND FROM THE 1ST STOREY SLAB.
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WEEK 2 FACADE CLAD A PAIN STAKING PROCESS OF MANUALLY FOLDING THE CORRUGATED EXTERIOR FACADE TO SIMULATE AN OVERLAPPING OF PANELS. FACADE IS LATER PAINTED BLACK AND FITTED ONTO THE MODEL.
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WEEK 2 RE-BARS AND CHAIRS MANUALLY MAKING A MESH TO CREATE THE CORRECT SPACING IN THE RE-BAR MESH AND LATER USING PINS TO REPRESENT BAR CHAIRS,
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WEEK 2 ROOF STRUCTURE BEAMS AND PURLINS WERE MADE EARLIER. THE ROOF IS COVERED WITH INSULATION AND WATER PROOFING BEFORE THE SAFETY MESH AT THE BOTTOM. THEN WE ATE PIZZAS!
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WEEK 2 SUSPENDED CEILING THE SUSPENDED CEILING WAS COATED WITH INSULATION AND WILL BE HUNG FROM THE SLAB ABOVE. WE WANTED TO RUN THE SUSPENDER THROUGH THE SLAB SO THE TILE PATTERN HAD TO BE TORN APART AND REPLACED LATER.
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WEEK 2 1ST FLOOR AT THE END OF THE WEEK, THE 1ST FLOOR WAS NEAR COMPLETION WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE SUSPENDERS THAT WOULD HOLD THE CEILING.
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WEEK 3 ASSEMBLY WE BUILT THE MODEL IS SEPERATE COMPONENTS THAT COULD BE EASILY ASSEMBLED AT THE END. ALTHOUGH OUR TUTOR ASKED US TO GET OUR MODEL UP BY THE INTERIM PRESENTATION, THAT WAS NOT HOW OUR MODEL MAKING PROCESS WAS.
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WEEK 3 ROOF THERE WAS ABIT OF CONFUSION WITH THE ROOF BUT AFTER MUCH CONSULTATION WITH TUTORS AND SUBJECT COORDINATORS, WE FIGURED OUT AND LEARNT HOW THE ROOF IS CONSTRUCTED AND HOW EACH LAYER WORKS.
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WEEK 3 ROOF THERE WAS MORE TO THE ROOF THAN WE THOUGHT, INSULATION AND SARKING HAD SPECIFIC POSITIONS AND INSTALLATION PROCEEDURES.
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FINAL PRODUCTION PROCESS
ALONG THE WAY TO OUR FINISHED MODEL, MANY HURDLES APPEARED IN OUR WAY, ONE MAJOR HURDLE WAS WHEN THE LAPTOP CONTAINING 2 WEEKS OF PROCESS PHOTOS WERE LOST. WE PUSHED ON DISPITE THE SETBACK AND COMPLETED OUR MODEL WITH 2 WEEKS TO SPARE TO DOCUMENT OUR MODEL AND PUT ON FINISHING TOUCHES.
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ROOF SHEETS
THE LYSAGHT KLIP-LOCK ROO SHEETS COMES IN PANELS O IS A CONTINOUS SHEET THAT THE LENGTH OF THE BUILDIN
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OF OF 2. IT T RUNS NG.
KLIP-LOCK THE KLIP-LOCK SITS ON THE LAST RIDGE OF THE FIRST PANEL AND UNDER THE FIRST TROFF OF THE SECOND PANEL TO COMBINE THE SHEETS.
ROOF DOWN-TURN USUALLY DONE AT THE GUTTER TO ALLOW THE DRIP OF RAIN WATER TO FLOW INTO THE GUTTER.
ROOF SYSTEM 23
METAL CLADDING
THIS IS THE FIRST LAYER OF THE ROOF, THE RIDG PROFILE OF THE LYSAGHT KLIP-LOCK ROOF CLADDING IS SHOW HERE TRAVELIN PERPENTICULAR TO THE PURLINS.
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NG
SPACERS SPACERS ARE INSTALLED ON THE PURLINS WITH SPACES FOR THE INSULATION TO BE PLACED. THIS PREVENTS THE INSULATION FROM BEING COMPRESSED AND ALSO PROVIDES A PLATFORM FOR THE KLIP-LOCK ROOF CLADDING SYSTEM TO BE BOLTED ONTO.
INSULATION ALTHOUGH THE CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS SHOWED ONLY ONE LAYER OF SARKING, UPON RESEARCH, THE MOST OPTIMAL INSTALLATION WOULD BE TO HAVE 2 LAYERS OF SARKING AND THE INSULATION BETWEEN THEM.
SARKING THE REFLECTIVE SIDE IS FACED DOWNWARDS TO PREVENT HEAT FROM EASCAPING UPWARDS CAUSING CONDENSATION.
PURLINS PURLINS ARE MADE FROM COLD-FORM STEEL WHICH MEAN IT ISN’T STRUCTURAL. IN THE ARCHITECTURE DRAWINGS THE DIRECTIONS OF THE PURLOINS FACE THE WRONG WAY, IT IS MEANT TO FACE UPWARDS OF THE SLOPING ROOF.
ROOF SYSTEM 25
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FLASHING
FLASHINGS HAD TO BE MAD COVER BOTH THE RIDGE AN TROFFS OF THE ROOF SHEE
ROOF STRIP FILLER THIS FILLER CAN BE CUSTOMED TO FIT THE PROFILE OF THE METAL ROOF SHEETS. THIS IS TO KEEP ANY WATER FROM ENTERING THE BUILDING.
ROOF UPTURN AN UPTURN IS MADE AT THE END OF THE ROOF SHEET BENEATH THE FLASHING, THIS ACTS AS A DOUBLE INSURANCE FROM WATER GETTING IN THROUGH THE GAP OF THE JOINT.
ROOF SYSTEM 28
DE TO ND THE ETS.
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ROOF SYSTEM SAFETY MESH SAFETY MESH IS PLACE TO KEEP WORKERS SAFE WHEN INSTALLING ROOF COMPONENTS. IT ALS ACTS AS INTERMEDIATE SUPPORTS FOR THE INSULATION AND PREVENTS IT FROM SAGGING.
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SPACERS SPACERS SIT ON TOP OF THE PURLINS HOLDING THE SARKING AND SAFETY MESH IN PLACE.
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ROOF SYSTEM
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BRACING AS THIS BUILDING IS MAINLY JOINT BY BOLTS IN ITS STRUCTURE, IT REQURES BRACINGS IN THE ROOF TO STRENGTHEN THE FLEXIBLE STRUCTURE.
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ROOF SYSTEM
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RAKER BEAM PURLINS ARE BOLTED TO THE RAKER BEAM THAT RUNS THE PERIMETER OF THE BUILDING.
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SUSPENDED CEILING SUPPORTS THE SUSPENDERS ARE CONNECTED TO THE PURLINS WHICH HOLD THE CEILING. FOR OTHER LOWER LEVELS, THE SUSPENDERS ARE ATTACHED TO THE UNDERSIDE OF THE SLABS ABOVE.
INSTALLATION TWISTING CLIPS ALLOW EASY INSTALLATION OF THE CEILING GRID. THE TWIST CLIPS ARE SHOWN HERE IN THE MODEL.
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PARAPET
METAL FLASHING THE TOP METAL FLASHING IS TO PREVET ANY RAIN WATER FROM ENTERING THE PARAPET. IT IS TILTED TOWARD THE MIDDLE OF THE BUILDING TO DRAIN WATER INTO THE ROOF GUTTERS.
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WALL SYSTEM
EXTERNAL WA
THE STRUCTURE THE WALL IS HELD HOLLOW STEEL S IT HAS INSULATIO SARKING ON THE FOLLOWED BY TO THAT HOLD THE P AND METAL CLAD
INTERIOR
THE INTERIO WALL ALSO H INSULATION WOODEN BAT UP THE PLAS
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ALL
OF D UP BY SECTIONS. ON AND E EXTERIOR, OPHATS PLYWOOD DDING.
WALL
OR SIDE OF THE HAS A LAYER OF FOLLOWED BY ATTENS THAT HOLD STER BOARDS.
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WALL SYSTEM
SUPPORTS THE STEEL HOLLOW SECTION THAT HOLDS THE WALL IS BOLTED TO THE BEAM OR NEAREST CONCRETE SLAB FOR SUPPORT.
STEEL HOLLOW SECTIONS THESE ARE PREFABRICATED IN A FACTORY BEFORE ARRIVING ON SITE AND LIFTED INTO POSITION.
L-PLATE CONNECTION A SECONDARY CONNECTION IS MADE WITH L-PLATES THAT RUN THE PERIPHERY OF THE STEEL FRAME.
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FLASHING
AN UNRESOLVE FLASHING MEAN WITH A SOLUTIO
2 SEPERATE FLA USED TO ALLOW ATTACHED INTO BENEATH THE F
THIS AND INST AW
THE ARO TO E
WALL SYSTEM 48
ED ISSUE WITH THE NT COMMING UP ON OF OUR OWN.
ASHINGS COULD BE W THE FINS TO BE O THE STRUCTURE FLASHING.
S OVERLAP FROM TOP D BOTTOM ALLOWS EASY TALLATION AS WELL AS WATER TIGHT SEAL.
E FLASHINGS COULD BE WELDED OUND THE FIN SUPPORTS ENSURE A TIGHT SEAL.
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SLAB SYSTEM
VERMICULITE A FIRE RESISTANT COATING IS SPRAYED ON THE UNDERSIDE OF THE SLABS.
BONDEK THE BONDEK IN THIS BUILDING IS USED MAINLY AS FORM WORK AND NOT AS STURCUTRE.
SUSPENDED CEILING SIMILAR TO THE CEILING OF THE 1ST FLOOR, THE SUSPENDED CEILING HAS AN INSULATION OF ITS ON AND USES THE RONDO SUSPENDED CEILING SYSTEM.
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REINFORCED SLAB THE REINFORCED SLAB IS STRENGTHENED BY REBARS THAT FORM A GRID WITHIN THE CONCRETE. ONE LAYER OF REINFORCEMENT IS USED FOR THE 1ST LEVEL SLAB.
SLAB SYSTEM 53
SLAB SYSTEM
GROUND FLOOR SLAB THE GROUND FLOOR SLAB HAS 2 LAYERS OF REINFORCEMENTS AT THE TOP AND BOTTOM THIRD OF THE SLAB. THIS PREVENTS THE SLAB FROM SAGGING WHEN IT SPANS FROM BEAM TO BEAM AND ALSO PREVENTS EXPANSION DUE TO THE TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE BELOW AND ABOVE GROUND.
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SLAB SYSTEM
BAR CHAIRS THE REINFORCEMENT BARS HAVE TO BE KEPT AT A CERTAIN HEIGHT WITHIN THE SLAB FOR OPTIMUM REINFORCEMENT STRENTH. BAR CHAIRS PREVENT ANY MOVEMENT OF THE REINFORCEMENT BARS WHEN CONCRETE IS BEING POURED.
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WATER PROOFING MEMBRANE WATER PROOFING MEMBRANE COMES IN SHEETS OF 1.2M REQUIRING THEM TO OVERLAP AND BE TAPPED DOWN TOGETHER.
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SLAB SYSTEM
CHAMFERED BEAM EDGE TO FURTHER STRENGTHEN THE BEAM TO SLAB CONNECTION, A CHAMFERED EDGE IS MADE AT THE CORNER CONNECTING SLAB TO BEAM.
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SOIL PROFILE
SOIL PROFILE THE TOP LAYER OF SOIL CONTAINING GRASS, GRAVEL AND OTHER ORGANIC MATTER IS REMOVED BEFORE ANY SOIL WORK IS DONE. BENEATH THE SLAB LAYS THE WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE THAT COMES IN SHEETS OF 1.2M. BENEATH THAT IS A LAYER OF COMPACT SAND THAT IS USED TO LEVEL THE GROUND. A LEVEL OF FILL IS REQUIRED AS THE SLAB SITS HIGHER THAN THE ORIGINAL FLOOR LEVEL. A LAYER OF CLAYEY SILT IS BENEATH THAT FOLLOWED BY A VERY PROBLEMATIC LAYER OF SILTY CLAY THAT REQURES DEEP FOOTINGS TO BE MADE TO REACH ADEQUATE BEARING GROUND.
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FOOTING DUE TO THE PROBLEMATIC SITE (CLASS P) A DEEP FOOTING HAD TO BE USED TO REACH BEARING SUITABLE GROUND. MASS CONCRETE FOOTINGS ARE PURELY CONCRETE WITHOUT REINFORCEMENTS TO REPLACE THE UNSUITABLE SOIL WITH A STRONGER FOOTING.
LINE OF INFLU
THE LINE OF INFL DISTRIBUTION OF NO OTHER STRUC SHOULD BE IN TH
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UENCE
LUENCE SHOWS THE F LOAD ONTO THE SOIL BENETH. CTURE OR OBSTRUCTIONS HIS BOUNDARY..
FOOTING SYSTEM 63
DOUBLE GALZING SYSTEM
DOUBLE GLAZED WINDOW AS THE WEAKEST AREA OF INSULATION, THE WINOWS WERE DOUBLE GLAZED TO INCREAS THE INSULATION RATING OF THE WALL.
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TERMITE PROTECTION TERMITE PROTECTION PLACE WHERE SLABS END OR OPENING OF SLABS WHERE PLUMBING PIPES OR SERVICES THAT PENETRATE THE SLABS ARE FOUND.
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GROUND CONDITIONS
CLASS ‘P’ PROBLEMATIC SITE (AKA CLASS ‘P’) IS GIVEN AS A RATING TO THIS SITE. THE TREES AROUND THE AREA CAUSES SOME UNPREDICTABILITY IN THE SOIL BECAUSE OF THE REMOVAL OF SOME TREES AND THE REMAINING TREES STILL GROWING AROUND THE BUILDING.
SILTY CLAY
ONE OF THE BIGGEST P THIS BUILDING IS THE L GROUND IN THE SOIL. L CONCRETE FOOTINGS DEEP TO REACH PROPE
SILTY CLAY HAS THE TE SHRINK AND CRACK UN AND MOISTURE EXPOS
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PROBLEMS FOR LACK OF BEARING LARGE MASS S HAD TO BE 3.5M ER BEARING.
ENDENCY TO NDER HEAT SURE.
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LESSONS LEARNT DESIGN
CONSTRUCTION
OUT OF THIS PROJECT, DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS PLAYED A VITAL ROLE IN DETERMINING CONSTRUCTION METHODS AND MATERIALS. LESSONS LEARNT HERE HELPS US TO FORSEE CONSTRUCTION PROBLEMS WHEN DESIGNING A BUILDING.
WE’VE LEARNT THAT NOT ALL DRAWINGS MADE BY THE ARCHITECTS ARE CORRECT, AND THAT THE ARCHITECT DOESN’T ALWAYS KNOW WHAT IS RIGHT. CONSULTANTS AND CONTRACTORS ARE THE EXPERTS IN THE FIELD AND CONSTANT COLLABORATIVE EFFORTS WILL ENSURE A SMOOTH WORK FLOW AND UNDERSTANDING OF BUILT ELEMENTS AND CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES.
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DETAILS
SITE
‘GOD IS IN THE DETAILS’ -LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE
THE BASIS OF MOST CONSTRUCTION PROBLEMS START WITH THE SITE. GIVEN THE VERY PROBLEMATIC SITE, WE CAN LEARN HOW ENGINEERS AND BUILDERS OVERCOME THESE CHALLENGES. THE GEOTECHNICAL STUDIES HAS TAUGHT US MUCH BEYOND WHAT CAN BE SEEN ON SITE.
DETAILS ARE ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT TO BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND SHOULD BE STUDIED CARFULLY. MATERIALS AND JOINT TECHNIQUES REFLECT THE PERFORMANCE OF A BUILDING AND WHAT IT IS CAPABLE OF ACHIEVING.
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