TASK 1: URBAN PLANNING AND DESIGN
CASE STUDY : NAVI MUMBAI, INDIA 1.0 : LOCATION * Navi Mumbai is one of the largest planned cities in the world. * It is located in India. * Navi Mumbai stretches over approximaterly 343.7 sq km. * It is located mainland and stretches an equal length as Mumbai, along Thane Creek.
World map. Source:www.worldartlas.com
Map of India. Source:www.mapsofIndia.com
Map of Navi Mumbai. Source:www.googlemaps.com
2.0 : HISTORY * Originally known as Bombay. * Was a small fishing village with a population of 644,400 in 1872. * It mainly grew as a port for shipment of goods after interest in Indian cotton grew. * Planned as a new town to Mumbai- a freestanding self-contained and socially balanced urban center planned primarily to relieve the overspill population and employment in a balanced proportion from a congested conurbation.
Image of Khaghar village Source:New City,Old City by Hugh Ebby
Image of Parsik Hill village Source:New City,Old City by Hugh Ebby
2.1 : PROBLEM SATATEMENT
Image of growth of Navi Mumbai is late 19800's, slowly taking over villages. Source:New City,Old City by Hugh Ebby
Map of Navi Mumbai showing all gothans. Source:www.mapsofIndia.com
2.2 : LAND AQUISITION TO REALIZE NAVI MUMBAI LAND AQUISITION PLAN OF NAVI MUMBAI Existing MIDC, Gaothans, Municipal, MSEB and Defense Area Salt Planes Private Land Government Land
In 1960's study is done to determine ways of controlling Mumbai population and development. Further extension of city limits into the surburbs in 1957.
Total
50 sq.km 27 sq.km 166 sq.km 101 sq.km 344 sq.km
* The land was irregular and small made aquisition difficult. * The price of land was low due to its physical condition, lack of infrastructure in the area and quality.
Proposed mainland to act as twin city and cushion Mumbai's development. Mumbai city limits were extended into the suburbs in 1950. Long length of Mumbai led to long commutes from southern residential district to nothern commercial district.
Image of growth of Navi Mumbai Source:Hindustian Times
Railway built to connect Mumbai to the mainland, Navi Mumbai.
Original city limits of Mumbai sorrounded by sea to the East, West and South. This restricts development to the North only which is limited. Image of showing rehabilitation of old architecture. Source:Hindustian Times Image of growth of Navi Mumbai Source:Hindustian Times
New Bombay structural plan Source:'Remembering Charles Correa'
2.3 : DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE OF MUMBAI AND NAVI MUMBAI 1947 Bombay started establishing itself as a center of slowly urbanizing Indian Economy
1
1948 Development spread northwards along rail and road corridors
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3
1948 Need for managed development beyond the island
1964 Development for Greater Bombay proposed the idea of a satellite town
1950 & 1957 Mumbai city limits were extended
4
1950 Nariman Point emerged as the commercial and office center
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1970 Draft Regional Plan of the Board was finalized in January and it proposed the development of a twin city across the harbour
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1959 Study Group on Greater Bombay was established
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1967 Bombay Metropolitan Region was notified and a Regional Planning Board was constituted.
1971 CIDCO was named the New Town Development Authority for the Navi Mumbai Project
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1970 City and Industrial Development Corporation (CIDCO) of Maharashtra Ltd was incorporated
1980 Navi Mumbai Development Plan came into effect from March
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1979 Draft Development Plan for Navi Mumbai was approved by the State Government
January 1992 Local self government Navi Mumbai Corporation (NNMC) came into existence
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1989 Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust was commissioned
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July 1998 International InfoTech Park (IIP) was inaugurated
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1993 Mankhurd-BelapurPanvel rail corridor connects the suburban rail network to CBD Belapaur (Navi Mumbai)
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July 2007 The Union Cabinet gave in principle approval to a second international airport at Navi Mumbai
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2001 Navi Mumbai population crosses 1million
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January 2010 Phase 1 of Central park was inaugurated
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June 2009 CIDCO Urban Heat was inaugurated
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July 2014 CIDCO Smart City Lab initiated NIUA
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December 2012 Khaghar Valley Golf Course was inaugurated
August 2014 Draft Interim Development Plan for Navi Mumbai Airport Influence Notified Area (NAINA) approved
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August 2014 First lottery draw for allotting development land at Pushpak Nagar
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September 2014 CIDCO Exhibition and Convention center inagurated
Mumbai and Navi Mimbai development timeline Source:Author
3.0 : PLANNING * Eminent architects, Charles Coria, Shirish Patel and Pravin Mehta suggested Navi Mumbai as alternative to Mumbai in the 1960's. * Reasons for site selection of Navi Mumbai: 1. It had existing industrial sites in the Thana-Belapur area and Taloja. 2. The imminent completion of the Thana Creek Bridge. 3. The proposal of the Bombay Port Trust to establish a new port at Nhava Sheva. Most nothern part of the development and borders several residential villages and an industrial area. Has potential to leverage economic activities and social infrastructure.
3.1: POLYCENTRIC DEVELOPMENT APPROACH
Central area receiving the most development spill due to its transit connections to all parts of the city. CBD
TRANSITION ZONE LOW INCOME ZONE
CBD Doubled in capacity and expanded its logistics. Provides value addition in increase of industrial activities, container handling activities and warehousing units.
INDUSTRIES
MIDDLE INCOME ZONE Has several tourist attractions - hills, waterfronts and waterways, Mahad temple and good infrastructure connection to the region.
RESIDENTIAL HIGH INCOME ZONE Polycenreic principle illustration Source:Author
This concept borrows from the Garden city organizational principle. But in this case, the green spaces are to the periphery rather than centrally placed.
Belpaur Village satellite view Source:CIDCO Navi Mumbai Development plan
Navi Mimbai nodal and zoning conceptualization Source:CIDCO Navi Mumbai Development plan
LEGEND Village
Build area and industries
Agricultural land and green belt
OJWANG SHEILA ATIENO B02/1013/2016
TASK 1: URBAN PLANNING AND DESIGN
CASE STUDY : NAVI MUMBAI, INDIA 3.1.1 : PLANNING OBJECTIVES * Meet housing needs of people at affordable costs. * Support a state-wide industrial policy with a view to achieve an even urban industrial dispersal within the state. *Provide physical and social services facilities raise living standards of the population and reduce disparities in access to various amenities. * Provide a better quality of life. * Create better new economic opportunities more particularly for it’s residents.
3.1.2 : SELECTION OF NODES Promising possibility with evidence of ongoing developments projected for further growth. Proximity to existing and other proposed economic nodes. Good existing and proposed transport connectivity. Land availability for development.
New Bombay structural plan Source:'Remembering Charles Correa'
Map of planning jurisdictions in Navi Mumbai Source:'CIDCO Navi Mumbai Development Plan Draft'
3.1.3 : REASONS FOR POLYCENTRIC DEVELOPMENT APPROACH (LESSONS FROM MUMBAI) * To decentralize activies. This creates a balance of activites ie residential areas, job centers, markets, infrastructure and industries. * To create townships each divided into sectors. Each node is independent as far as physical and social infrastructure goes. Connectivity of all nodes through the city through efficient transport and communication network. Navi Mumbai has 14 different nodes each sufficient in: 1.Airoli 2. Ghansoli 3. Kopar – Khairane 4. Vashi 5. Sanpada 6. Nerul 7. CBD Belapur 8. Kharghar 9. Kalamboli 10.Kamothe 11.New Panvel 12.Dronagiri 13.Ulwe 14.Pushpak Aerial view of Navi Mumbai Source:Hindustian Times
*Single use zoning as opposed to traditional multiple use zoning. *Ponds were created to accomodate excess run off
Navi Mimbai nodal and zoning conceptualization Source:CIDCO Navi Mumbai Development plan
4.0 : LAND USE 4.1 : EXISTING LAND USE
4.2 : PROPOSED LAND USE
Navi Mimbai nodal and zoning conceptualization Source:CIDCO Navi Mumbai Development plan
Pie chart showing proposed land use Source:CIDCO Navi Mumbai Development plan
Pie chart showing existing land use Source:CIDCO Navi Mumbai Development plan
4.3 : PRINCIPLES INFLUENCING LAND USE STRUCTURE
4.4 : LAND CLASSIFICATION Identifying available land for development of industries and economic activities Intergrating urban villages into the urban structure.
1. Non- Developable areas -Hills -Water Bodies -Forests -Salt planes -Marshy land / shrubs -Coastal regulatory zones 2. Developable areas -Gaothans (urban villages) -Other built up areas 3. Redevelopable areas -Vacant land zones or those available for redevelopment -Agricultural land -Quarry areas Aerial view of Navi Mumbai Source:Hindustian Times
Natural areas remained protected. Allowing for flexible zoning depending on the needs of projected use of available land. Having small sub cities in the broader zoning. Image from Kaphur hills overlooking Navi Mumbai Source:New City,Old City by Hugh Ebby
Ensuring connectivity of the whole project through an elaborate transport system.
Map showing land use distribution Source:CIDCO Navi Mumbai Development plan
Land Use Area
(sq.kms.)
Percentage
Residential Commercial Industrial Port area Wholesale markets and warehousing Regional parks (including woodland corridors) Institutional (including university) Fishing and allied Transportation No development zone (eg defence lands)
132.68 5.75 43.14 22.70 4.60 66.54 1.09 3.44 29.73 34.03
38.64 1.67 12.55 6.60 1.33 19.35 0.31 1.00 8.65 9.90
Aerial view of Navi Mumbai Source:Hindustian Times Table showing land use distribution Source:Navi Mumbai:A profile
5.0 : INFRASTRUCTURE * Virar-Alibag Multi Modal Corridor (MMC) * Integration of Mumbai - Vadodara spur: * Proposed Interchanges on Mumbai*Pune expressway: Extending connectivity from IDP: * Incorporating Existing Roads and Settlements * Metro Network: There is an extensive metro network proposed to connect Navi Mumbai and other suburban towns to main economic centres in Mumbai.
Map showing metro rail path through Navi Mumbai Source:CIDCO Navi Mumbai Development plan
Aerial view of Navi Mumbai Source:Hindustian Times
Image of the Metro rail through Thano Creek Source:www.mapsofIndia.com
6.0 : LESSONS LEARNT * Employ a decentralized organization principle to prevent overcrowding of activities in one region. * Have several independent townships withing the broader plan to further decentralize activities. * Intergration of the river on site into the scheme to have a recreational waterfront facility. * Pedestralization of the city through bike lanes and sidewalks with greenery and seating spots to elevate quality of life. * Design with future generations in mind to prevent changes to the develepment plan with every generation. * Using existing features to determine the future of the land instead of imposing new ideas on the land. * Connectivity of th whole site through an elaborate transport system. * Allow room for expansion and growth to prevent sluming of areas.
Aerial view of Navi Mumbai Source:Hindustian Times
OJWANG SHEILA ATIENO B02/1013/2016