Shiho Asada MAID Home Reference Manual Report

MAID | Spring term 2015 tutor: Ruth Blacksell and Bryn Walls University of Reading Department of Typography and Graphic Communication MA Information Design 2014 – 15 Shiho Asada

project report

Home Reference Manual

1

Table of Contents

Brief 3 Project Brief

Discovery

Transforming

Making

4 1. Study of existing books

14 1. Contents

27 1. Production specification

4 a. Science and DIY manuals

14 a. Brainstorming

28 2. Grid specification

15 b. Content list

29 3. Text components

7 b. Books about the topic

16 c. Final contents

30 4. Graphic language

8 2. About pinhole cameras

17 2. Colour coding

31 5. Blad details

8 a. Websites

17 3. Progress of the grids

31 a. Jacket

9 b. Social networks

18 4. Progress of the spreads

32 b. Page title

10 3. Users

18 a. Introduction spread

32 c. List of contents

11 4. Mood board

19 b. Reference spread

33 d. Chapter openers

12 5. Conclusions

21 c. Step-by-step spread

34 e. Introduction spread

23 d. Book jackets

35 f. Reference spread

25 e. Title pages and chapter

36 g. Step-by-step instructions

for children / students

2

openers

Project brief Home Reference Manual Spring term 2015 tutor: Ruth Blacksell and Bryn Walls aims

background

task

deliver

‣‣ To understand how text, photos and

The term ‘home reference manual’ refers

Designing a ‘blad’ for an illustrated book

The blad should contain:

diagrams can work together to explain

to books aimed at a general market (ie

on any topic of interest to a general

‣‣ A cover.

information.

not textbooks, not technical manuals) on

audience.

‣‣ A process spread: A typical double

‣‣ To explore the double page spread as a

topics such as cookery, gardening, DIY,

page spread explaining a process.

unit of meaning.

sports, travel, collecting and crafts or

the same format as the book, using the

‣‣ A reference spread: A typical

‣‣ To understand the roles and

hobbies. Well-known producers of home

book’s cover, and including some sample

reference spread – for example,

relationships of publishers, book

reference manuals include Time-Life,

pages.

listing/showing tools, or with a table

packagers, authors and designers in

Reader’s Digest, Dorling Kindersley, and

Here is a definition:

showing nutritional value of foods (if

home reference publishing.

Mitchell Beazley.

Blad (Book Layout and Design)

you chose a recipe book), or a glossary.

‣‣ To understand systematic approaches

Home reference manuals are often

A blad is a marketing and sales tool, used

The default design/production

to content generation and page design.

developed in a way that is very different

for titles that will sell heavily through the

specification, which would be reflected

from the traditional publishers’

trade, where advanced colour material

in the design of the blad, is for a mass-

model. Because they usually contain

is needed by the sales force to sell the

market co-editionable book.

a high proportion of illustrations, and

title. A blad will often feature sections

However, within the context of

carefully crafted pages, home reference

from the finished book, including the

this project, we are not ruling out

manuals are expensive to produce.

cover artwork, page layouts and images.

specifications for single market, small-

To be economically viable, therefore,

The intended audience should be people

scale press productions.

production costs are often shared

not skilled at the subject, so it should

by different publishers operating in

not assume people know the meaning of

different countries (and therefore

technical terms, or what specialist tools

different languages). In these cases,

are for.

A blad is a leaflet, usually in

production is undertaken by book packaging firms, rather than by the publishers themselves. Or larger publishers may package the books and sell licenses to other publishers in smaller markets.

3

contents

Discovery

1. Study of existing books a. Science and DIY manuals for children / students b. Books about the topic 2. About pinhole cameras a. Websites b. Social networks 3. Users 4. Mood board 5. Conclusions

4

Discovery Stage

1. Study of existing books

a. Science and DIY manuals for children / students

At the first time, I chose camera obscura as a topic, and started research on science books. The intended users were children, however I had to focused on a specific age group. 9 –14 years old children or 15+ years old students who think about their future study can be intended users.

The Way Science Works After the second feednack, I changed my

pages: 160 pages

topic to 'how to make pinhole cameras'.

publisher: Dorling Kindersley (2002)

And started to see DIY books (especially

reader: 10–16 years old

paper craft) for adults.

image and text proportion: 60% text – 20% image contents: This book introduces natural and scientific phenomenons such as gravitiy, sound and light. analysis: Basically, each scientific phenomenon has one spread. The left page is for explanations of mechanism of the scientific phenomenon. The right page shows some how to do an experiment to test the phenomenon and the technology of it. Technical illustrations are used for explaning mechanisms.

Use of technical illustrations and diagrams

Because every phenomenon has only one spread, there are too much information on some spreads.

5

Discovery Stage

How Things Work

How Things Work

pages: 150 pages

pages: 194 pages

publisher: Kingfisher Book (2003)

publisher: DK eyewitness science

reader: 8–11 years old

guides

image and text proportion:

reader: 9–14 years old

20% text – 80% image

image and text proportion: 50% text – 50% image

contents: This book explains mechanisms of technology in daily life such as how

contents: Use of illustrations

This book explains mechanisms

heating system works at home and how

of physics in daily life for children

vehicles work.

elementary school or junior high school with some ‘experiments’ contents.

analysis:

Red, blue, yellow and green colours are

The left page introduces the technology

used in all the spreads.

and general information. The right page shows how the technology works with

analysis:

illustrations. The illustrations, with

The left page introduces the technology

bright colours and sometimes funny

and general information. But there is

motifs, can be accessible for children.

no regular form, it depends on the topic.

The texts are also easy to understand.

Process contents (experiment) are well explained by photographs.

6

Use of photographs

Discovery Stage

b. Books about the topic (pinhole cameras / camera obscura)

Build Your Own Pinhole Cameras

The Camera Obscura A Chronicle

pages: 120 pages

pages: 120 pages

publisher: Ilex Press

publisher: Kingfisher Book (2003)

reader: 18–50 years old

reader: 18+ years old

image and text proportion: 50% text – 50% image

contents: This book is all about history of camera

contents:

obscura, with plenty of historical

This book is for making paper pinhole

illustrations and pictures. It explains

cameras, with digital templates (within

how camera obscura emerged in science

the attached CD-R). This book focuses on

history and how it has been used in art

how to make paper pinhole cameras and

or science contexts.

how to use them. But it has introduction and history pages.

analysis: It has interesting illustrations and

analysis:

pictures, but this book looks very

Process for making cameras is explained

academic and less accessible.

with illustrations. The shadow effect of the illustrations is interesting and working well, but a little bit retro and childish for the intended users.

7

Discovery Stage

2. About pinhole cameras a. Websites Websites about pinhole cameras which mainly focus on explaining how to make cameras and how to take photographs with them were useful to grasp who are the intended users are and what they want to know about the topic.

Observations How to make pinhole cameras are varied, such as using kit, cereal box, or pieces of wood. With such explanations, I found some illustrations for describing the mechanism of pinhole photography.

Apart from DIY of pinhole cameras, there are some archives of pinhole photography.

8

The Ultimate Guide to Create Your Own 35mm Pinhole Camera http://photography.tutsplus.com/articles/ the-ultimate-guide-to-create-your-own-35mmpinhole-camera--photo-1078

Adventures in Pinhole Photography https://onlinesketchpad.wordpress. com/2011/09/12/adventures-in-pinholephotography/

Make a Camera Obscura - DIY https://diy.org/skills/photographer/ challenges/171/make-a-camera-obscura

Sharan Pinhole Cameras http://www.sharan-camera.com/Sharan_STD35e_camera.html

Discovery Stage

b. Social media In flickr, a photography sharing service, there are pinhole photographers who have uploaded their works. They enjoy film photography including pinhole cameras, or other toy cameras. Though they have already been into pinhole photography, I thought the people like them—amateur film photographers but have not had knowledge of pinhole photography—can be the intended audience for the manual.

9

Discovery Stage

3. Users Who is the user of the pinhole camera manual? Defining and understanding the target audience was an important issue. tasks ‣‣ What type of book they would trust and expect? Casual, formal or funny? ‣‣ Define the depth of the information: which type of information the users want to know, and they already know ‣‣ Where the book should be sold in addition to books stores?

Kate (19)

Paul (41)

Art student, starter

Film photography lover, starter

Kate studies illustration in an art college

One of Paul’s hobby is a photography

in London. Her major is illustration.

since he was a teenager. He uses both

Recently, she started using Holga, that

digital and film cameras, but recently he

Where can the users buy the book?

is a well-known toy camera using the pin

has been more into film photography.

Besides common book stores (i.e.

hole mechanism. She wants to make her

Then he wants to try handcrafted

Waterstones), this book should be sold

own pinhole camera with her illustrations.

cameras. His concern is, he is not so

in museum shops because intended

She is good at making something with

good at making small things by hands.

users may be interested in art, design

paper, so she expects the manual which

He wants to get an accessible, but not

and crafts. For example in London, shops

has beautiful photographs as examples,

childish manual.

at the Science Museum, TATE Modern,

not only how to make and use.

Paul has already had knowledge about

or Design Museum are the potential

As Kate started film photography

film photography, but needs to know how

locations.

recently, she does not have enough

to exposure the films.

knowledge about it. So she wants to know

Paul could get the book as a gift from

about the common information of films

his family.

or the differences between films (brands, types, or etc), as well as information of pinhole cameras.

10

Discovery Stage

4. Mood board

Hand craft

Calmness & Elegance

11

Discovery Stage

5. Conclusions

About the topic: camera obscura / pinhole cameras

Initial concept of the book

My first idea is a manual for camera obscura. However, after the first feedback, I changed my topic to pinhole cameras because of some concerns: a book for camera obscura may not have enough contents and pages as a manual book. Then I have done market research around film photography and figured out a book for making pinhole cameras is a good topic for this project. There are only two books for pinhole cameras: one focuses on making paper cameras, and another focuses on making pinhole cameras with boxes, or cans. I came up with an idea about the book for making pinhole cameras with everyday materials.

Pinhole cameras are the most primitive cameras, but they are enough to enjoy film photography. Pinhole cameras can be made by everyday materials. This book introduces what is a pinhole camera, and how to make pinhole cameras with paper, cans or boxes using everyday materials and tools.

As the intended users are people who have interested in art and design, this book contains plenty of beautiful examples of pinhole photography as well as how to make and use pinhole cameras.

12

contents

Transforming

1. Contents a. Brainstorming b. Content list c. Final contents 2. Colour coding 3. Progress of the grids 4. Progress of the spreads a. Introduction spread b. Reference spread c. Step-by-step spread d. Book jackets e. Title pages and chapter openers

13

Transforming Stage

1. Contents a. Brainstorming Firstly, I had a brainstorm of the contents. From the brainstorm, my initial contents were: ‣‣ History How pinhole cameras emerged How they have been used in art ‣‣ Mechanism ‣‣ How to make pinhole cameras What are the tools and materials Which kinds of pinhole cameras can be made ‣‣ How to use How to deal with films Exposure Photography technique Improvement After the feedback, I focussed on and developed ‘how to make’ contents more.

14

Transforming Stage

b. Content list (work in progress) Following the brainstorming, I planned a content list. However, the volumes were not enough for a manual book. Generally, a manual book should have around 100 pages or more. Then I started to define

Title page

other essential contents and chapters.

For example, I added digital pinhole

2

3

4

5

6

7

explanation of template

brief history and mechanism

what is pinhole camera?

1. Introduction

List of contents

8

9

10

11

12

13

chapter and gallery (photography examples) chapter. printing template 14

15 16

Twin lens reflex

28

50

18

Stencil camera

35

36

51

52

Your First photos

56

Landscape

65

66

40

Monochrome photography 55

68

22

57

58

23

Camera obscura

43

44

59

24

60

27

Customising your camera

47

48

Exposure

Loading your camera

49

Advanced exposure

61

62

63

Glossary Index

Close-up

67

21

Shoe box camera

39

Classic

Basic

19 20

Oat meal can camera

Colour photography

3. how to use

64

17

31 32

Making lens

Before you begin

2. how to make

69

15

Transforming Stage

c. Final contents Revising the volume of the contents, I defined a list I worked with, and ideas for designing the spreads. types of spread: ‣‣ Prelims ‣‣ List of contents

CHAP NO

Prelims

Colour each of the chapter names. The colours are used for the chapter openers

1

Use one photograph that has a similar color which the chapter is applied. ‣‣ General info In the introduction chapter and the beginning of each chapter, they give general information for the following contents. ‣‣ Reference They introduce the tools and materials that are used in the following instruction spreads. ‣‣ Step-by-step instruction spreads They explain how to make pinhole cameras/exposure a film /load a film with illustrations and pictures.

16

CHAP NO

Half title page

1

3

Title page

CONTENTS

List of contents List of contents

and running heads of each section. ‣‣ Chapter openers

PAGE NO

TYPES OF SPREAD

2

TYPES OF SPREAD

CONTENTS

PAGE NO

Chap

Using your cameras

50–51

2

General info

Colour photography

52–53

4

General info

Monochrome photography

56–57

Step-by-step

Loading your camera

58–59

Chap

Introduction

6–7

Step-by-step

Exposure

60–63

General info

What is a pinhole camera?

8–9

Step-by-step

Advanced exposure

64–67

Brief history

10–11

Reference

Your First photos

68–69

Reference

Using template

12–13

Step-by-step

Landscape

70–71

Step-by-step

Printing template

14–15

Step-by-step

Close-up

72–73

Step-by-step

Portrait

74–75

Chap

Digital pinhole

76–77

Chap

Creating your cameras

16–17

Reference

Pinhole tool box

18–19

Step-by-step

Making lens

20–21

General info

Digital pinhole

78–81

Step-by-step

The fundamental pinhole

22–23

Reference

DSLR lens

82–85

...

Classic camera

24–27

Step-by-step

Using digital pinhole cameras 86–89

Twin lens reflex

28–31

Step-by-step

Effect

90–93

Stencil camera

32–25

Oat meal can camera

36–39

Chap

Gallery

94–95

Shoe box camera

40–43

Pinhole photographs

96–119

Camera obscura

44–47

Customising your cameras

48–49

Index

120–121

Glossary

122–124

4

5

Transforming Stage

2. Colour coding

3. Progress of the grids

I applied one colour to each chapter to

At this stage, I started from the nearly

indicate the beginning of a new section

square format (165mm×210mm).

clearly to the readers.

However, this size looked loose a little

165 mm

The colour is used in

same kinds of books, for example DIY

‣‣ List of contents

books for adults, I thought this square

‣‣ Chapter openers

size looks childish. I realised most of DIY

‣‣ Running heads

books for adults are palmtop size. Then I

‣‣ Section titles in each spread

resized the witdth shorter and made the

210 mm

bit. In addition, comparing with other

book rectangular.

Chapter name M 70, Y100

Creating your cameras

C72, Y40

Using your cameras

C90, Y40, K10

Digital pinhole

M62, Y20

Gallery

M38, Y76

145 mm

217 mm

Introduction

pinhole06.indd 24-25

2015/03/11 23:00

17

Transforming Stage

4. Progress of the spreads a. Introduction spread First attempt

Second attempt

aim:

ideas:

ideas:

issues:

To introduce pinhole cameras by

‣‣ Overlaying the images on the left page

‣‣ Editing the volume of the text

‣‣ The left page looks boring, need to lay

presenting beautiful photography

to attract the readers’ eyes

‣‣ Adding texts under headings

out the text with pictures

examples, such as colour, monochrome

‣‣ The right page is for brief explanations

‣‣ Dividing the functions of the pages:

‣‣ Running head is too massive—does not

and multi- exposure.

of the techniques of pinhole cameras.

the left is for the text and the right is

match the taste of photographs

for the pictures fonts:

issues:

Body text: Perpetua 9/12 pt

‣‣ Overlaid images deteriorates

fonts:

Heading: Archer pro Medium 16pt

readability and legibility of the text.

Body text: Palatino Light, 8.5/12pt

‣‣ The both of the main and heading

Heading: Archer pro Semibold, 21pt

typography are too subtle.

BUILD YOUR OWN CAMERA

9

8

What is a Pinhole Camera?

1 | INTRODUCTION

9

8

1 | WHAT IS PINHOLE CAMERA

UNIQUE IMAGES FROM UNIQUE CAMERAS

Pinhole cameras offer many technical qualities that aren’t necessarily easy-or possible-to create using even the most expensive digital SLR. Here are a few of the more obvious qualities, but I am sure you will discover some of your own as you become more confident with the cameras you build.

What is Pinhole Camera?

SIMPLEST CAMERA Pinhole photography is a return to simplicity, combining

the image-forming properties of a simple hole with the ability to permanently record the image. It is a radical alternative to conventional photography, which enables you to explore a world beyond the limitations of the human eye, and discover wonder and delight through experimentation-qualities that are now increasingly absent from contemporary photographic practice.

Although simple in its design, the pinhole camera creates unseen and un-visualized images. This book is designed to introduce you to the wonder of pinhole photography. The cameras you will build have the potential to create photographs that are impossible to capture with digital compacts, giving you the opportunity to make pictures limited only by your imagination!

The ability to capture time beyond vision Although your camera can photograph static objects in a similar way to a conventional camera, the tiny hole needs very long exposures. Exposure times will begin at around 2 seconds and can last for hours-you can even make exposures for as long as 6 months!

Multiple exposures This is an area where many modem digital cameras prevent you from going. However, with pinhole photography, you can take two or more images on top of each other, such as placing a cloud scene over a portrait.

La sum sum et vende latur aliqui si as endestrum eos ut ra invent que nobistenis acerferis acearum ut quunditas di aut eliqui remped

Waiting for the photos to be processed Although some people celebrate the fact that digital cameras give instant feedback, it’s amazing how your images can change from “experiments” to “the greatest photographs ever taken” while you wait for them to be

TOP & BOTTOM 120mm colour negafilm MIDDLE 120mm monochrome negafilm Pinhole photography lets you create images that conventional cameras cannot.

18

A pinhole camera is a simple camera without a lens and with a single small aperture, a pinhole. This primitive camera can show you the unexpected and fantastic images of the world.

The simplest camera Since the invention of photography, the medium has evolved an ‘f/8, 1/125 second, 5 feet off the ground’ convention, and while there is nothing wrong with adhering to this approach it can be argued that this predictability removes the element of wonder. This is reinforced in the digital world where the viewer can see exactly what has been photographed the instant the shutter is pressed. All these advances are incredibly useful, but maybe we are too used to seeing these instantaneous miracles that wonder has been replaced by blind expectation?

Unlimited depth of field Perhaps one of the most incredible features of your paper camera is that everything will be in focus-from objects less than an inch from the pinhole, to distant mountains.

La sum sum et vende latur aliqui si as endestrum eos ut ra invent que nobistenis acerferis acearum ut quunditas di aut eliqui remped ullenim quos doluptam,

WHAT IS A PINHOLE CAMERA

Justin Quinnell (2013) A six month duration exposure, the light trails show the sun tracking across the sky from winter to summer.

Pinhole photography is a return to simplicity, combining the imageforming properties of a simple hole with the ability to permanently record the image. It is a radical alternative to conventional photography, which enables you to explore a world beyond the limitations of the human eye, and discover wonder and delight through experimentation-qualities that are now increasingly absent from contemporary photographic practice.

This book is designed to introduce you to the wonder of pinhole photography. The cameras you will build have the potential to create photographs that are impossible to capture with digital compacts, giving you the opportunity to make pictures limited only by your imagination!

Justin Quinnell (2013) A six month duration exposure, the light trails show the sun tracking across the sky from winter to

Justin Quinnell (2013) A six month duration exposure, the light trails show the sun tracking across the sky from winter to summer.

Transforming Stage

b. Reference spread First attempt aims: ‣‣ To introduce tools and materials for making paper cameras with clear pictures or illustrations ‣‣ To explain how to use the templates following the keys

BUILD YOUR OWN CAMERAS

Glues

The easiest way to fold the card templates is to score the fold lines first. Use a straight edge-like a metal rule-and the back of a craft knife (not the blade!) or an

‘Stick type’ glues work well with the recommended card stock, or you can use a white PVA glue. Anything that’s designed to stick paper and card will be fine, but it will help to speed things up if it’s fast drying.

Making pinhole cameras is easy, but you’ll need a few tools to manufacture the pinhole lens and the cameras. You don’t need any special item — you probably already have most of the things.

Paper

DO Use a thick paper that weighs 135lb (220gsm) — this will work perfectly in your ink jet printer.

A4

If you wand to use more heavier card (such as card from a cereal box), print the template onto regular copy paper first and then glue it to the thicker card.

Template Keys

DON’T Avoid using thinner card, as its lighter weight will mean you could have problems making your camera light-tight.

‣‣ Dividing the sections into ‘paper’, ‘cutting’, ‘folding’, ‘glue’ and ‘template

PINHOLE TOOL BOX

Folding

Pinhole Tool Box

135lb (220gsm)

ideas:

9

8

Cutting

keys’ ‣‣ Using photographs for the materials,

CUT

‣‣ Using illustrations for template keys

solid line, black or gray Cut out the template along this line.

MOUNTAIN FOLD

solid line, black or white Mountain folds are the most common type of fold used in the camera templates. Score the line and fold the parts either side of the line downward.

CUT OUT SHAPE

issues:

- Straight lines are best cut with a sharp modeling or craft knife; use a metal rule to keep the lines straight.

-A rubberized cutting mat will help keep your blade sharp and prevent you damaging your work surface.

- For curved lines, a pair of long-bladed scissors will be very useful, while smaller craft scissors might make it easier to cut out smaller curves.

‣‣ Cutting/folding/glue sections should be grouped together

CUT A SLIT

dotted line, black or white A strong, blue line shows where you should cut a slit or opening on the template to make a tab to close the camera.

Shapes marked with an X-such as shutter holes-should be cut out from the template.

STICKING TAB

gray colour area Stick gray colour shapes carefully.

‣‣ The layout should be tidied up ‣‣ Template keys needs clear connections to the template illustration–use arrows? ‣‣ Any better pictures for the tools and paper?

Sketches

19

Transforming Stage

Second attempt

Third attempt

ideas:

ideas:

‣‣ Grouping tools into a single picture

‣‣ Using separated pictures for ‘Tools’

‣‣ Using different style of layout for

section

template keys from tools issues: issues:

‣‣ Pictures of the tools need to be

‣‣ The integrated picture for tools can not

grouped, aligned and labelled

be seen clearly–separated pictures

‣‣ Lack of hierarchy of the headings

could be more understandable?

(Tools vs CUTTING/FOLDING)

‣‣ The paper section should look more

‣‣ Picture of paper is confusing–Text

interesting and show more options.

should not overlay the picture

BUILD YOUR OWN CAMERAS

9

8

Paper

PINHOLE TOOL BOX

DO

Pinhole Tool Box

Use a thick paper that weighs 135lb (220gsm) — this will work perfectly in your ink jet printer.

Making pinhole cameras is easy, but you’ll need a few tools to manufacture the pinhole lens and the cameras.

You don’t need any special item — you probably already have most of the things.

Tools

135lb (220gsm) A4

If you wand to use more heavier card (such as card from a cereal box), print the template onto regular copy paper first and then glue it to the thicker card.

DON’T Avoid using thinner card, as its lighter weight will mean you could have problems making your camera light-tight.

Template Keys

CUT solid line, black or gray Cut out the template along this line.

CUT A SLIT dotted line, black or white A dotted line shows where you should cut a slit or opening on the template to make a tab to close the camera.

MOUNTAIN FOLD solid line, black or white Mountain folds are the most common type of fold used in the camera templates. Score the line and fold the

CUTTING Straight lines are best cut with a craft knife; use a metal ruler to keep the lines straight.

A rubberized cutting mat will help keep your blade sharp and prevent you damaging your work surface.

For curved lines, a pair of scissors will be very

20

FOLDING

GLUES

Use a straight edge-like a metal rule-and the back of a craft knife (not the blade!) or an empty ballpoint pen to “dent” the fold line. Then fold the card according to the keys (see right).

‘Stick type’ glues work well with the recommended card stock, or you can use a white PVA glue. Anything that’s designed to stick paper and card will be fine, but it will help to speed things up if it’s fast drying.

18

BUILD YOUR OWN CAMERAS

PINHOLE TOOL BOX

Pinhole Tool Box

Paper

Making pinhole cameras is easy, but you’ll need a few tools to manufacture the pinhole lens and the cameras.

You don’t need any special item — you probably already have most of the things.

Tools

CUTTING Straight lines are best cut with a craft knife; use a metal ruler to keep the lines straight.

A rubberized cutting mat will help keep your blade sharp and prevent you damaging your work surface.

For curved lines, a pair of scissors will be very useful, while smaller craft scissors might make it easier to cut out smaller curves.

FOLDING Use a straight edge-like a metal rule-and the back of a craft knife (not the blade!), or an empty ballpoint pen to “dent” the fold line. Then fold the card according to the keys (see right).

parts either side of the line downward.

CUT OUT SHAPE Shapes marked with an X-such as shutter holes-should be cut out from the template.

STICKING TAB

GLUES ‘Stick type’ glues work well, or you can use a white PVA glue.

DECORATIONS Color markers or stickers are good partners to make your camera more creative. Also, you can use painting applications (Photoshop etc).

19

DO Use a thick paper that weighs 135 lb (220 gsm) — this will work perfectly in your ink jet printer. If you want to use more heavier card (such as card from a cereal box), print the template onto regular copy paper first and then glue it to the thicker card.

DON’T Avoid using thinner card, as its lighter weight will mean you could have problems making your camera light-tight.

Template Keys CUT solid line, black or gray Cut out the template along this line.

CUT A SLIT dotted line, black or white A dotted line shows where you should cut a slit or opening on the template to make a tab.

MOUNTAIN FOLD solid line, black or white Score the line and fold the parts.

CUT OUT SHAPE Shapes marked with an X-such as shutter holes should be cut out from the template.

STICKING TAB gray colour area Stick gray colour shapes carefully.

Transforming Stage

c. Step-by-step spread: How to make a paper pinhole camera First attempt

Second attempt

aim:

issues:

ideas:

issues:

To explain how to make a basic pinhole

‣‣ The taste of illustrations is too

‣‣ Making the text size bigger

‣‣ Should divide material contents from

camera with paper clearly

minimalistic, and looks technical

‣‣ Adding detailed ‘What you need’

‣‣ Texts are too small

content and template

‣‣ The Layout of description texts is not

ideas:

‣‣ Heading and line are not appropriate

‣‣ Using monochrome and a green colour

clear, looks combined with next steps

‣‣ Using illustrations

‣‣ ‘What You Need’ (necessary tools and

from the chapter colour

‣‣ The use of orange colour is

‣‣ Using the colour scheme

material section is not enough—need

‣‣ Numbering the process clearly

confusing—using only green colour is

‣‣ Adding descriptions under the

the template illustration?

step-by-step contents clearly

better?

illustrations

BUILD YOUR OWN CAMERAS

9

8

3

The Fundamental Pinhole 2 | BUILD YOUR OWN CAMERAS

27

26

2 | CLASSIC

6

Classic WHAT YOU NEED • Two sheets of card (I3Slb/220gsm) • Craft knife • Metal ruler • Pinhole lens (see page 20)

CLASSIC STYLE The Classic camera transforms the basic Like-A, turning

it from a functional black pinhole box into an SLR-style paper camera, complete with a working shutter mechanism and a lens hood!

Fold the front panel around the bottom plate and glue the rest of the tabs. Make sure the back isn’t stuck down.

7

8

Fold the front panel around the bottom plate and glue the rest of the tabs. Make sure the back isn’t stuck down.

1

3

Fold the front panel around the bottom plate and glue the rest of the tabs. Make sure the back isn’t stuck down.

Fold the front panel around the bottom plate and glue the rest of the tabs. Make sure the back isn’t stuck down.

2

Fold the front panel around the bottom plate and glue the rest of the tabs. Make sure the back isn’t stuck down.

5

4

Fold the front panel around the bottom plate and glue the rest of the tabs. Make sure the back isn’t stuck down.

Fold the front panel around the bottom plate and glue the rest of the tabs. Make sure the back isn’t stuck down.

USING THE CLASSIC! Id modi ratet pa escid ulloreh enessed quam quibust,

Fold the front panel around the bottom plate and glue the rest of the tabs. Make sure the back isn’t stuck down.

1

10 Fold the front panel around the bottom plate and glue the rest of the tabs. Make sure the back isn’t stuck down.

Fold the front panel around the bottom plate and glue the rest of the tabs. Make sure the back isn’t stuck down.

illabora prepro offic to et acerum, audignatatis rerum qui atus doluptaquid quo corume volupta eveliqu aturita quiatque ea aut essitem adi blabore ptatemquias ducipid estoritia accae in cuptatur sus doluptatia se maio odis

4

Glue the bottom

Glue the bottom of the back panel to the bottom of the camera.

Do not glue the top flap so you can open the back to load your fi lm.

5

9

Cut out from the template

Glue the front

Glue the front light blocker to it, as well as the internal light blocker.

This camera is the most basic and easiest camera model in this book. But don’t let its simplicity fool you — this light-tight box will have you taking great pinhole pictures in next to no time.

WHAT YOU NEED • Printed paper(I3Slb/220gsm) • Black pen • Craft knife • Metal ruler

THE FUNDAMENTAL PINHOLE

Open the template on the CD and print it out on thick card stock. Use 1351b (220gsm) card for the best assembly.

Cut, score, and fold all the pieces as marked, using the key on page 19 as a guide. Remove all the shapes that are marked with an “X”.

2

Paint the back sides black

Color the back of the camera black to make sure it is as light-tight as possible.

Glue the lens and the cover

Get your pinhole lens and use four tiny dabs of glue to stick it to the front of the camera. To permanently fi x the pinhole lens to the camera body, glue the pinhole plate cover (2) to the front of the camera.

6

Get ready for loading a film!

The camera is fi nished and can be loaded with fi lm and readied for taking photographs.

Use a piece of black electrical tape over the pinhole lens as a shutter, fit the “camera cape” (3), and turn to page 52 if you want to get started right away. Or, you can build one of the shells on the following pages.

21

Transforming Stage

Illustration for the instruction For the step-by-step instruction, the use of illustration is my idea. I made a paper pinhole camera with cardboard by myself, then took pictures of it in each step. Then I drew the illustrations by tracing the pictures with Illustrator. aims: ‣‣ To make accessible illustrations for the instruction ‣‣ To use interesting colour and texture for making visual attractiveness ideas: ‣‣ Using green colour from the chapter colour for the bright faces; black and grey are used for the dark faces ‣‣ Using the stripe pattern for illustrating shadow

22

Transforming Stage

d. Book jackets First attempts design a genre appropriate book CreateToyour cover to convey own cameras withthe more important characteristics of the book daily materials

‣‣ Using typography with elements of pinhole camera ‣‣ Using pinhole camera photograph You can get 20 templates of pinhole cemaras The temporary does not from cover our website!

Pinhole cameras have existed since the 19the century, and use a tiny pinhole instead of a lens to make pictures on film that can be processed in the normal way.

The results are amazing, and in pinhole cameras, one of the world’s leading pinhole photographers shows you how to make your own paper pinhole cameras using the unique camera templates on the disc and step-by-step instructions — you can even learn how to turn your digital SLR into a pinhole camera!

issues: ‣‣

represent the contents ‣‣ A jacket with only typography is not

PINHOLE CAMERAS

ideas:

Create your own cameras with daily materials

aim:

PIN

HOLE

CAMERAS

Create Your Own Cameras with Everyday Materials

appropriate for this manual.

Solaris Publishers

‣‣ Use more photography examples could US $14 / UK £12

be better ‣‣ Reconsider the book title

ISBN 978-1-56898-989-1

Solaris Publishers

A

A

PIN

PIN

CAMERAS

CAMERAS

Do It Yourself Guide to the World of

HOLE Marcel Crawford

Do It Yourself Guide to the World of

H LE Marcel Crawford

23

Transforming Stage

Second attempts

Book title logo

ideas:

issues:

aim:

‣‣ Using a book title logo mark

‣‣ Tilled photographs are too much and

Impressive illustration to attract the

‣‣ Putting colours from the scheme

childish–should consider the ages of

customers’ eyes

‣‣ Using pinhole camera photographs

the target audience ‣‣ Colours are too bright–use

ideas:

monochrome might be better?

‣‣ Drawing a logo of a shape of a pinhole camera with the book title

Create your original cameras with daily materials

Experimental sketch I tried to illustrate the mechanism of pinhole cameras with the logo

PINHOLE CAMERAS

With a green colour

Solaris Publishers

Sketches

24

e. Title pages and chapter openers

1

Transforming Stage

First attempts aim: ‣‣ Keep consistency in terms of colours and the taste of photography

INTRODUCTION

idea

Although sidelined for many years, a resurgence in pinhole photography’s popularity began in the 1970s, continuing throughout the decade and acting as a reaction to an increasingly formulatic approach to photography.

PINHOLE CAMERAS

‣‣ Using same colours on one page that appear in the contents page (chapter openers) issues: ‣‣ Need to reconsider the taste of the spreads, too pop compare with other spreads? ‣‣ Lack of consistency ‣‣ Selection of the photographs

2

PIN

Build Your Own Cameras

HOLE CAMERAS Create Your Own Cameras with Daily Materials

Solaris Publishers

First attempts of openers

First attempts of title pages

25

contents

Making

1. Production specification 2. Grid specification 3. Text components 4. Graphic language 5. Blad details a. Jacket b. Page title c. List of contents d. Chapter openers e. Introduction spread f. Reference spread g. Step-by-step instructions

26

Making Stage

1. Production specification title of the book Pinhole Cameras: Create your original cameras with everyday materials interior ‣‣ Page dimension: 145 × 217 mm ‣‣ Spread dimension: 290 × 217 mm ‣‣ 124 pages: 5 sections ‣‣ Printed in 4/4 colours (CMYK) ‣‣ In paper FEDERIGONI COTTAGE 90gsm binding ‣‣ Perfect binding ‣‣ Cover printed 4/4 colours in FEDERIGONI COTTAGE 120gsm

27

Making Stage

2. Grid specification overall dimensions Page dimensions: 145 Ă— 217 mm Spread dimensions: 290 Ă— 217 mm margins Top margin: 46 pt Bottom margin: 42 pt Outside margin: 36 pt Inside margin: 36 pt 8 columns, gutter: 10 pt Symmetric grid

28

Making Stage

3. Text components

ArcherPro, Bold, 8.5

8

Chapter name

ArcherPro, Small capitals Medium, 8.5

ArcherPro, Bold, 24 ArcherPro, Medium, 14/17 K=70

ArcherPro, Bold, 12, Chapter colour ArcherPro, Book Italic, 10/13

ArcherPro, Bold, All capitals, 8.5/12 ArcherPro, Semibold, 8.5/12 Palatino, Light, 8.5/12

ArcherPro, Semibold, 7 Palatino, Light, 7/9.5

Heading Intro text—tur sitatium rem lat excerum im harum que occatem pellaborit por remporepra vento ma que quo con nusciatque as volorib usciuria quam abo. Giti omnisit il illor minihit re, tem ipsundi taquos doluptatio Section Title Running text — bist res et fuga. Torro in est, ilique voloribusa et quam faceptasit voluptaquia num core et voluptatur sam volorer ianimo que abo. Nam is autesci comnienem TEXT SUBTITLE Subheading Body text—enectest ionsequ untiumet labo. Iquiae et dolenient, nonsent omniscid unt vernat que mi, od experit qui denis si doluptium que lit porepud itiur, offic tet, il idesci inullup tatquiam et assin resenet voluptas mincit reius adipsum eicit odipsam acidel int hiciliquia debisquis in rentio imil everum volupta quaerchil inctasp elluptures dio. Ugit maior mos atusda dercide liquod

Caption title Caption text—olor aut est quaspicae pa digeniam, etur as earci ute conse disque coresto idem estibusa voluptatur apienda ndendunte aliteceatur?

Tatum alis mollesci beratem quas esequat

29

Making Stage

4. Graphic language a. Colour palette

b. Illustration

30

c. Photographic language

Making Stage

5. Blad details a. Jacket

Shiho Asada

US $14 / UK £12

You can turn those materials into pinhole cameras: Paper Cardboard Oat meal can Shoe box Digital SLR ...And even your room!

PINHOLE CAMERAS

Pinhole cameras have existed since the 19th century, and use a tiny pinhole instead of a lens to make pictures on fi lm that can be processed in the normal way.

The results are amazing, and in pinhole cameras, one of the world s leading pinhole photographers shows you how to make your own paper pinhole cameras using the unique camera templates and everyday materials with step-by-step instructions ̶ you can even learn how to turn your digital SLR into a pinhole camera.

get You can tes la p m 20 te ras le came o h in p f o ! si b r we te from ou

Create your original cameras with everyday materials

Create your original cameras with everyday materials

Shiho Asada

ISBN 978-1-56898-989-1

31

Making Stage

b. Page title

c. List of contents

4

5

Contents

Shiho Asada

First published in Great Britain in 2015

by Shiho Asada, 34 Norris road, Reading RG6 1NJ All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the previous prior permission of the copyright owner.

Printed and bound in the UK.

32

INTRODUCTION

6

What is a pinhole camera?

Brief history Using template Printing template

8 10 12 14

CREATING YOUR CAMERAS

16

Pinhole tool box Making lens The fundamental pinhole Classic camera Twin lens reex Stencil camera Oat meal can camera Shoe box camera Camera obscura Customising your cameras

18 20 22 24 28 32 36 40 44 48

USING YOUR CAMERAS

50

Colour photography Monochrome photography Loading your camera Exposure Advanced exposure Your First photos Landscape Close-up Portrait

52 56 58 60 64 68 70 72 74

DIGITAL PINHOLE

76

Digital pinhole DSLR lens Using digital pinhole cameras Eect

78 82 86 90

GALLERY

92

Pinhole photographs

94

Index Glossary

120 122

Making Stage

d. Chapter opners

6

7

INTRODUCTION

16

17

CREATING YOUR CAMERAS

33

e. Introduction spread

8

8

IntrODUCtIOn

What IS a pInhOLe Camera

9

THE SIMPLEST CAMERA Since the invention of photography, the medium has evolved an ‘f/8, 1/125 second, 5 feet off the ground’ convention, and while there is nothing wrong with adhering to this approach it can be argued that this predictability removes the element of wonder. This is reinforced in the digital world where the viewer can see exactly what has been photographed the instant the shutter is pressed. All these advances are incredibly useful, but maybe we are too used to seeing these instantaneous miracles that wonder has been replaced by blind expectation?

A pinhole camera is a simple camera without a lens and with a single small aperture, a pinhole.

This primitive camera can show you the unexpected and fantastic images of the world.

For 20 years, I have been making and using pinhole cameras. These have ranged in size from those that are small enough to fit in my mouth to those the size of trash cans, or even whole rooms. I have fi red them into the air on rockets thrown them off buildings, held them underwater, and taped them onto trains. Although simple in its design, the pinhole camera creates unseen and unvisualised images, and even after 20 years of experimenting with this type of photography, I still encounter surprises with every fi lm processed.

Monochrome film

Use of grid Long-duration exposure A six month duration exposure, the light trails show the sun tracking across the sky from winter to summer.

Multiple exposure

For 20 years, I have been making and using pinhole cameras. These have ranged in size from those that are small enough to fit in my mouth to those the size of trash cans, or even whole rooms. I have fi red them into the air on rockets thrown them off buildings, held them underwater, and taped them onto trains. Although simple in its design, the pinhole camera creates unseen and un-visualised images, and even after 20 years of experimenting with this type of photography, I still encounter surprises with every fi lm processed.

Monochrome film

9

This book is designed to introduce you to the wonder of pinhole photography.

The cameras you will build have the potential to create photographs that are impossible to capture with digital compacts, giving you the opportunity to make pictures limited only by your imagination!

Long-duration exposure A six month duration exposure, the light trails show the sun tracking across the sky from winter to summer.

Multiple exposure

Pinhole photography is a return to simplicity, combining the image-forming properties of a simple hole with the ability to permanently record the image.

It is a radical alternative to conventional photography, which enables you to explore a world beyond the limitations of the human eye, and discover wonder and delight through experimentation-qualities that are now increasingly absent from contemporary photographic practice.

Pinhole photography is a return to simplicity, combining the image-forming properties of a simple hole with the ability to permanently record the image.

It is a radical alternative to conventional photography, which enables you to explore a world beyond the limitations of the human eye, and discover wonder and delight through experimentation-qualities that are now increasingly absent from contemporary photographic practice.

34

WHAT IS A PINHOLE CAMERA

A pinhole camera is a simple camera without a lens and with a single small aperture, a pinhole.

This primitive camera can show you the unexpected and fantastic images of the world.

What is a Pinhole Camera?

THE SIMPLEST CAMERA Since the invention of photography, the medium has evolved an ‘f/8, 1/125 second, 5 feet off the ground’ convention, and while there is nothing wrong with adhering to this approach it can be argued that this predictability removes the element of wonder. This is reinforced in the digital world where the viewer can see exactly what has been photographed the instant the shutter is pressed. All these advances are incredibly useful, but maybe we are too used to seeing these instantaneous miracles that wonder has been replaced by blind expectation?

INTRODUCTION

What is a Pinhole Camera?

This book is designed to introduce you to the wonder of pinhole photography.

The cameras you will build have the potential to create photographs that are impossible to capture with digital compacts, giving you the opportunity to make pictures limited only by your imagination!

Making Stage

f. Reference spread

18

18

CreatInG YOUr CameraS

Pinhole Tool Box Making pinhole cameras is easy, but you’ll need a few tools to manufacture the pinhole lens and the cameras.

You don’t need any special item — you probably already have most of the things.

Tools These are basic tools for every pinhole camera. Though some pinhole cameras need extra tools, you will find them in ‘What You Need’ section for each cameras.

CUTTING 1. Rubberized cutting mat —will help keep your blade sharp and prevent you damaging your work surface.

2. Craft knife 3. Metal ruler —will cut and keep straight lines.

4. Pair of scissors — will be very useful for curved lines, while smaller craft scissors might make it easier to cut out smaller curves.

FOLDING 3. Metal ruler — will dent the fold lines.

Also, an empty ballpoint pen can be used.

Then fold the card according to the keys (see the right page).

GLUING 5. Glue — Both of stick type glues and white PVA glues work well.

DECORATING 6. Colour markers 7. Stickers — are good partners to make your camera more creative. Also, you can use painting applications (Photoshop etc) before you print a template.

PInhOLe tOOL BOX

Paper Finding nice paper is one of enjoyable parts of making pinhole cameras.

DO Use a thick paper that weighs 135 lb (220 gsm) — this will work perfectly in your ink jet printer. If you want to use more heavier card (such as card from a cereal box), print the template onto regular copy paper fi rst and then glue it to the thicker card.

DON’T Avoid using thin paper, otherwise you could have problems making your camera light-tight.

Template Keys Those keys are used through all of the templates. You can prepare for assembling just following them.

CUT Solid line, gray Cut out the template along this line.

19

CREATING YOUR CAMERAS

Pinhole Tool Box Making pinhole cameras is easy, but you’ll need a few tools to manufacture the pinhole lens and the cameras.

You don’t need any special item — you probably already have most of the things.

Tools These are basic tools for every pinhole camera. Though some pinhole cameras need extra tools, you will find them in ‘What You Need’ section for each cameras.

CUTTING 1. Rubberized cutting mat —will help keep your blade sharp and prevent you damaging your work surface.

2. Craft knife 3. Metal ruler —will cut and keep straight lines.

4. Pair of scissors — will be very useful for curved lines, while smaller craft scissors might make it easier to cut out smaller curves.

FOLDING 3. Metal ruler — will dent the fold lines.

Also, an empty ballpoint pen can be used.

Then fold the card according to the keys (see the right page).

GLUING 5. Glue — Both of stick type glues and white PVA glues work well.

DECORATING 6. Colour markers 7. Stickers — are good partners to make your camera more creative. Also, you can use painting applications (Photoshop etc) before you print a template.

PINHOLE TOOL BOX

19

Paper Finding nice paper is one of enjoyable parts of making pinhole cameras.

DO Use a thick paper that weighs 135 lb (220 gsm) — this will work perfectly in your ink jet printer. If you want to use more heavier card (such as card from a cereal box), print the template onto regular copy paper fi rst and then glue it to the thicker card.

DON’T Avoid using thin paper, otherwise you could have problems making your camera light-tight.

Template Keys Those keys are used through all of the templates. You can prepare for assembling just following them.

CUT Solid line, gray Cut out the template along this line.

CUT A SLIT Dotted line, black or white A dotted line shows where you should cut a slit or opening on the template to make a tab.

MOUNTAIN FOLD Solid line, black or white Score the line and fold the parts.

CUT OUT SHAPE Shapes marked with an X-such as shutter holes should be cut out from the template.

STICKING TAB Gray colour area Stick gray colour shapes carefully.

Use of grid

CUT A SLIT Dotted line, black or white A dotted line shows where you should cut a slit or opening on the template to make a tab.

MOUNTAIN FOLD Solid line, black or white Score the line and fold the parts.

CUT OUT SHAPE Shapes marked with an X-such as shutter holes should be cut out from the template.

STICKING TAB Gray colour area Stick gray colour shapes carefully.

35

Making Stage

g. Step-by-btep instructions

22

22

CreatInG YOUr CameraS

The FUnDamentaL pInhOLe

3

The Fundamental Pinhole This camera is the most basic and easiest camera model in this book. But don’t let its simplicity fool you — this light-tight box will have you taking great pinhole

23

Glue the body

Glue 6 tabs of the centre of the body. Then glue the left tab to the front of the body.

MATERIALS · Printed paper · Pinhole lens (see page 20)

This camera is the most basic and easiest camera model in this book. But don’t let its simplicity fool you — this light-tight box will have you taking great pinhole

MATERIALS · Printed paper · Pinhole lens (see page 20)

Glue the bottom of the body

2

Glue the bottom of the back panel to the bottom of the body. Do not glue the top flap so you can open the back to load your fi lm.

Cut out from the template

Download and open the template from our web site and print it out on thick card. Cut, score, and fold all the pieces as marked, using the key on page 19 as a guide. Remove all the shapes that are marked with an “X”.

Prepare pinhole lens (see page 20) with the templates.

Paint the back sides black

Colour the back of the camera black to make sure it is as light-tight as possible.

2

Paint the back sides black

Colour the back of the camera black to make sure it is as light-tight as possible.

36

5

Glue the lens and the cover to the body

Get your pinhole lens and use four tiny dabs of glue to stick it to the front of the camera.

To permanently fi x the pinhole lens to the camera body, glue the pinhole plate cover to the front of the body.

d

a. Body b. Pinhole plate cover c. Pinhole lens (page 20) d. Camera cape

Glue 6 tabs of the centre of the body. Then glue the left tab to the front of the body.

4

TEMPLATE

Glue the bottom of the body

Glue the bottom of the back panel to the bottom of the body. Do not glue the top flap so you can open the back to load your fi lm.

Cut out from the template

Download and open the template from our web site and print it out on thick card. Cut, score, and fold all the pieces as marked, using the key on page 19 as a guide. Remove all the shapes that are marked with an “X”.

Prepare pinhole lens (see page 20) with the templates.

How to Make

1

23

Glue the body

What You Need TOOLS · Craft knife · Metal ruler · Glue · Black pen

1

4

TEMPLATE

THE FUNDAMENTAL PINHOLE

3

How to Make

What You Need TOOLS · Craft knife · Metal ruler · Glue · Black pen

CREATING YOUR CAMERAS

The Fundamental Pinhole

Use of grid

6

Get ready for loading a film!

The camera is fi nished and can be loaded with fi lm and readied for taking photographs.

Use a piece of black electrical tape over the pinhole lens as a shutter, fit the camera cape.

Also, you can build one of the shells on the following pages.

Use of grid

5

Get your pinhole lens and use four tiny dabs of glue to stick it to the front of the camera.

To permanently fi x the pinhole lens to the camera body, glue the pinhole plate cover to the front of the body.

d

a. Body b. Pinhole plate cover c. Pinhole lens (page 20) d. Camera cape

Glue the lens and the cover to the body

6

Get ready for loading a film!

The camera is fi nished and can be loaded with fi lm and readied for taking photographs.

Use a piece of black electrical tape over the pinhole lens as a shutter, fit the camera cape.

Also, you can build one of the shells on the following pages.

Conclusions and further development For the further development, researching on the production specification would be necessary; there might be a more suitable binding than a perfect binding. Also, knowing about paper and printing would improve this project.

Acknowledgements Photographs: Step-by-step instruction, chapter opener and half page title have taken by me. Other images have been taken from various sources throughout the Internet. They have been used for visualization purposes only.

37