MAID | Summer term 2015 tutor: Paul Luna client: TDL-London University of Reading Department of Typography and Graphic Communication MA Information Design 2014 – 15 Shiho Asada
project report
Professional Assignment
1
Table of Contents
Brief 3 Project Brief
Discovery
Transforming
Making
5 1. Disease epidemics
18 1. First draft
29 1. Concept of the project
5 a. Definition of an epidemic
19 2. List of contents
30 2. Text components
5 b. Recent huge disease
20 3. Map infographic
31 3. Grid specification
20 a. Experiments
33 4. Infographic pieces
6 c. Online resources
22 b. Progress
33 a. Map
7 2. Analysis of existing crisis
23 4. Total casualties
34 b. Comparison table
24 5. Instruction infographics
34 c. Total casualties in India
7 a. Infographics for Ebola virus
25 6. Symptoms check list
34 d. Instruction infographics
9 b. Conclusions
26 7. Progress of layout
35 5. Poster
epidemics
infographics
10 3. Pictograms for related subjects 11 4. Chosen epidemic: Swine flu in India 11 a. About the disease 13 b. Existing infographics 14 5. The audience 15 6. References and inspirations 16 7. Initial proposal
2
Project brief Professional assignment: Crisis Infographics Summer term 2015 tutor: Paul Luna / client: TDL-London background
aims
task
WHAT IS CRISIS INFOGRAPHICS?
‣‣ To understand how information design
‣‣ Design a graphical output which
‣‣ You should assume that your audience
Recent world events have inspired us
directly helps a community affected
has no medical background, and your
to create a new division at TDL-London
‣‣ To understand how to effectively
by a recent disease epidemic. This
designs must reflect this.
called Crisis Infographics. The purpose of
communicate with local communities
output can be anything, from a leaflet
which is to explore possible applications
affected by a crisis, and how to
to a poster/series of posters, to an
outcomes
of information design in assisting at-risk
overcome cultural, language and
online mailshot.
Using the structure of discovery,
individuals in emergency situations.
other communication barriers
‣‣ Choose which epidemic to base your
transform & make, you must produce:
Information design can be crucial in
‣‣ To understand the psychology behind
designs on, but it must have occurred
‣‣ 1 x design outcome. This is specified
disaster situations. From preparing for
crisis infographics and how people
in the past 3 years, and your final
by you, based on your research into
the event to coping in the aftermath,
interact with them at different
outcome must aid the prevention of
your chosen disease and community
information design methods ensure
stages of a disaster; mitigation and
spreading of the disease.
affected
communications are:
preparedness (pre-disaster), response/
‣‣ Inclusive
relief (during disaster) and recovery
the audience
‣‣ Easily understood
(post-disaster)
The design must directly help the
‣‣ Understood quickly
‣‣ To design a graphical output which
community affected by the epidemic.
‣‣ Designed for action, rather than purely
consolidates all of the ideas above
‣‣ You must decide whether your design
can help those affected by a crisis
‣‣ 1 x illustrated report
aesthetic
is to be used in preparation for, during
‣‣ Clear, organised and concise
or after an outbreak. ‣‣ You must thoroughly research the local area affected by the disease, in order to make informed design decisions such as type, copy, colour and format. ‣‣ You must also investigate into the disease itself, and fully understand how the illness is spread and relevant prevention methods.
3
contents
Discovery
1. Disease epidemics a. Definition of an epidemic b. Recent huge disease epidemics c. Online resources 2. Analysis of existing crisis infographics a. Infographics for Ebola virus b. Conclusions 3. Pictograms for related subjects 4. Chosen epidemic: Swine flu in India a. About the disease b. Existing infographics 5. The audience 6. References and inspirations 7. Initial proposal
4
Discovery Stage
1. Disease epidemics b. Recent huge disease epidemics
a. Definition of an epidemic Referred from Wikipedia.org
causes: ‣‣ A change in the ecology of the host
Ebola virus disease (EVD)
Dengue fever
An epidemic is the rapid spread of
population (e.g. increased stress
area: From West Africa to worldwide
area: Pakistan
infectious disease to a large number
or increase in the density of a vector
period: 2013 – present
period: 2011 – present
of people in a given population within a
species)
casualties: 10,857 (by 25 April 2015)
casualties: More than 170 (by April 2015)
short period of time, usually two weeks
‣‣ A genetic change in the pathogen
or less. For example, in meningococcal
reservoir
mortality: 25–90 percent
mortality: 1–5 percent
infections, an attack rate in excess of
incubation period:
incubation period:
15 cases per 100,000 people for two
2 to 21 days, usually between 4 to 10 days
3 to 14 days, usually between 4 to 7 days
consecutive weeks is considered an
infection route:
infection route:
epidemic.
Direct contact with body fluids, such
Mosquito within the genus Aedes
An epidemic may be restricted to one
as blood, of an infected human or other
location; however, if it spreads to other
animals
countries or continents and affects a substantial number of people, it may be termed a pandemic.
Plague (bubonic and pneumonic plague)
Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (Swine)
The declaration of an epidemic usually
area: Madagascar
area: India
requires a good understanding of a
period: August 2014 – present
period: January 2015 – present
baseline rate of incidence; epidemics
casualties: 40 (by April 2015)
casualties: 2,035 (by March 2015)
are defined as reaching some defined
mortality:
mortality: Less than 10 percent
increase in incidence above this baseline.
Bubonic...50–70 percent
incubation period:
A few cases of a very rare disease may
Pneumonic...Nearly 100 percent
2 to 10 days, usually between 2 to 3 days
be classified as an epidemic, while many
incubation period: 2 to 6 days
infection route:
cases of a common disease (such as the
infection route:
Pigs, in the air or by direct contact
common cold) would not.
In the air, by direct contact, by
for certain diseases, such as influenza,
contaminated undercooked food or materials, or fleas and animals
5
Discovery Stage
c. Online resources World Health Organization publishes alerts of pandemic and epidemic diseased around the world with how to avoid them. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is similar to WHO, but focuses on epidemics in the US. Unicef gives information about epidemic diseases in developing areas and focuses on how it helps the people in those areas. Web MD shows how to cure illness including epidemics.
6
Discovery Stage
2. Analysis of existing crisis infographics a. Infographics for Ebola virus
Is it Flu or Ebola?
As Ebola virus disease is the most
author:
massive and worldwide epidemic in
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
recent years, a lot of infographics have
media: Poster / CDC website
been published as both of prints and
audience: Citizens in the US
The flu is a common contagious respiratory illness caused by flu viruses. The flu is different from a cold.
PDFs. On the other hand, infographics for
stage of disaster: Response/relief
Flu can cause mild to severe illness, and complications can lead to death.
other epidemics that work(ed) in practice
method: Pictograms
Is it Flu or Ebola? Flu (influenza)
How Flu Germs Are Spread
were difficult to find. Therefore, I started research from the infographics for Ebola
aim:
virus disease.
To present the differences between flu
I analysed the infographics with
and Ebola because the symptoms of
focuses on who is the audience, which
those two disasters are similar
Ebola is a rare and deadly disease caused by infection with an Ebola virus. Sporadic outbreaks have occurred in some African countries since 1976.
How Ebola Germs are Spread Ebola can only be spread by direct contact with blood or body fluids from
The flu is spread mainly by droplets made when people who have flu cough, sneeze, or talk. Viruses can also spread on surfaces, but this is less common.
• A person who is sick or who has died of Ebola. • Objects like needles that have been in contact with the blood or body fluids of a person sick with Ebola.
People with flu can spread the virus before and during their illness.
Who Gets The Flu?
stage of disaster is warned, and the methods.
Ebola
Ebola cannot spread in the air or by water or food.
Who Gets Ebola? People most at risk of getting Ebola are • People with a travel history to countries with widespread transmission or exposure to a person with Ebola. • Healthcare providers taking care of patients with Ebola. • Friends and family who have had unprotected direct contact with blood or body fluids of a person sick with Ebola.
Anyone can get the flu. Some people—like very young children, older adults, and people with some health conditions—are at high risk of serious complications.
analysis: This infographic clearly shows the differences between the two epidemics. Red colour is used for flu and green colour is used for Ebola. Those colour
Signs and Symptoms of Flu
Signs and Symptoms of Ebola The signs and symptoms of Ebola can appear 2 to 21 days after exposure. The average time is 8 to 10 days. Symptoms of Ebola develop over several days and become progressively more severe.
The signs and symptoms of flu usually develop within 2 days after exposure. Symptoms come on quickly and all at once.
• People with Ebola cannot spread the virus until symptoms appear.
choices might be inappropriate because green is assumed to be healthy in many cases. Pictograms work well especially 'how they are spread' and 'signs and symptoms' sections. Though this infographic is for American
• • • • • • •
Fever or feeling feverish Headache Muscle or body aches Feeling very tired (fatigue) Cough Sore throat Runny or stuffy nose
• • • • •
Fever Severe headache Muscle pain Feeling very tired (fatigue) Vomiting and diarrhea develop after 3–6 days • Weakness (can be severe) • Stomach pain • Unexplained bleeding or bruising
For more information about the flu and Ebola, visit www.cdc.gov/flu and www.cdc.gov/ebola.
November 13, 2014 CS252296-1
citizens, those pictograms could be understandable in other countries.
7
Discovery Stage
Learn All About Current Ebola Outbreak author: Unicef / World Health Organization media: Poster and PDF for websites audience: Worldwide stage of disaster: Preparedness and mitigation method: Illustrations aims: To educate people about how EVD is dangerous, how to prevent from it, what the symptoms are, and how it spreads analysis: The illustrations are understandable and accessible to everyone, especially children. Each poster has a different role and it makes information about EVD simple and clear.
8
Discovery Stage
b. Conclusions
Ebola Do and Do Not's author: Unicef/ Ministry of Health, Liberia media: Poster and PDF for websites audience: Liberian / worldwide stage of disaster: Preparedness
aims:
To inform people about how to protect themselves from Ebola virus
This poster has been published for Liberian firstly, and later uploaded on several websites. Though this poster has been published to the whole world, it is focusing more on the local communities in Liberia.The illustrations reflect Liberian
lifestyle. Those realistic illustrations can
provoke people's awareness of how Ebola is dangerous. Green and red colours are strong contrast to each other. Those two colours
clearly show what kinds of actions should be taken by the audience.
Within these three infographics, only 'Ebola Do and Do Not's' focuses on the local people in West Africa. The illustrations in this infographics reflect
method: Illustrations
analysis:
Illustrations
Liberian people and culture. The realistic illustrations of it could provoke people's awareness of how Ebola is dangerous. This infographics could be more understandable than 'Is it Flu or Ebola?' infographics for the African people. Colours Red colours are used in all of the three graphics to emphasise the risks of the
infection. Red means 'dangerous' or 'warning' around the world. Thus, In crisis infographics, red should be used for warning how the epidemic is dangerous or stressing how the prevention is important. Media Those infographics are published as posters and pdfs. PDF versions have been shared by SNSs globally. It can be said that considering digital version is
necessary in making crisis infographics.
9
Discovery Stage
3. Pictograms for related subjects From Symbol Sourcebook (Dreyfuss, 1972), I found universal pictograms for related subjects such as medicine, hospitals, agriculture and safety. Though those pictograms were made for signage at that moment, they can be useful for making crisis infographics.
Medicine / Hospitals
Agriculture
Cautions for recreation 10
Safety
Discovery Stage
4. Chosen epidemic: Swine flu in India a. About the disease Swine flu (Influenza A virus subtype H1N1)
symptoms:
Differences between kinds of Flu
Swine flu is a respiratory disease which
Similar to those of influenza and of
Seasonal flu:
infects pigs but also people, typically
influenza-like illness in general: namely
90 % of the deaths occur in people over 65
those who have been in contact with pigs.
chills, fever, sore throat, muscle pains,
H1N1:
According to Forbes (Flam, 2015),
severe headache, coughing, weakness,
‣‣ People under 24 years old tend to be
scientists agree that this virus is a
and general discomfort.
infected easily
descendant of the H1N1 'swine' flu that
‣‣ 83 % of the deaths and 71 % of
killed more than 18,000 people worldwide
causes:
hospitalization are in those between 5
in 2009. But some researchers have
A respiratory disease that occurs in
and 64
found mutations that might make this
pigs that is caused by the Influenza A
‣‣ H1N1 is able to infect cells deeper in the
virus more virulent or more infectious,
virus. Mutation has occurred since the
lungs than seasonal flu, and so it can fill
and might also allow it to elude the
pandemic in 2009.
the lungs with fluid and impair breathing.
existing flu shots that were made to cover the 2009 strain.
‣‣ Most people lack the immune response incubation period: 2 to 10 days, usually between 2 to 3 days infection route: Pigs, in the air or by direct contact preparedness: Vaccine The injectable H1N1 vaccine is a "killed virus" vaccine. H1N1 influenza virus
Seasonal flu Guideline from the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
vaccine is also available in a nasal spray form, which is a "live virus" vaccine.
11
Discovery Stage
medical care and prevention of the spread The Ministry of Health, Welfare and Family in Indian Government has published what
action Self-isolation
onset of illness or at least 24 hours after symptoms have
prevention of the spread of swine flu. The
resolved.
table on the right shows the actions and infographics.
Patients who develop flu-like illness should be strongly encouraged to self-isolate in their home for 7 days after the
are the appropriate medical cares and
details. Those should be visualised as
detail
Reporting illness
To seek medical care, patients should contact their health care providers to report illness (by telephone or other remote means) before seeking care at a clinic, physician's office, or hospital.
Paying attention on difficulty of breathing Wearing a mask
Patients who have difficulty breathing or shortness of breath or who are believed to be severely ill should seek immediate medical a足ttention. If the patient must go into the community (eg, to seek medical care), he or she should wear a face mask to reduce the risk of spreading the virus in the community when coughing, sneezing, talking, or breathing.
Covering nose and mouth Washing hands Avoiding touching eyes
12
Cover the nose and mouth with disposable tissue or a handkerchief when coughing & sneezing. Wash hands regularly with soap and water. Avoid touching eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands.
Discovery Stage
b. Existing infographics As a worldwide H1N1 epidemic occurred in 2009, I could find some infographics for this disease. Those infographics focus on the preparedness and prevention of the spread because the main incubation route of H1N1 is direct contact between people. Some of them explain how H1N1 infects people and how it differs from seasonal flu because H1N1 is more powerful than seasonal flu.
Domnitjen Magazine, Commonwealth of Dominica, West Indies
Anejo Health Communications
Tocancipรก official site in Cundinamarca, Colombia
Ministry of Health, Government of Sri Lanka
13
Discovery Stage
5. The audience audience: Students As young people tend to be infected with swine flu, I decided students in junior high and high schools as the audience. To inform those schools, I chose WHO in India as the client. They can distribute the crisis infographic to the schools, and inform it on their websites. client: World Health Organization Community Office for India World Health Organization (WHO) is the United Nations’ specialized agency for Health. It is an inter-governmental organization and works in collaboration with its member states usually through the Ministries of Health. They can distribute the infographics to every schools in India.
14
Discovery Stage
6. References and inspirations
15
Discovery Stage
7. Initial proposal A series of posters for schools audience: Students client: WHO in India media: Posters The initial proposal is a series of posters for schools to educate how H1N1 is dangerous and how to avoid it. The first poster explains how swine flu is dangerous. It presents the number of deaths and reported cases in India by March 2015 with a map and chart and the differences between seasonal flu and swine flu. The second poster shows 'Do's and 'Do Not's for the prevention with a set of illustrations of Indian children who act the preventions.
Educational poster
16
'How to protect' poster
contents
Transforming
1. First draft 2. List of contents 3. Map infographic a. Experiments b. Progress 4. Total casualties 5. Instruction infographics 6. Symptoms check list 7. Progress of layout
17
Transforming Stage
1. First draft Along the initial proposal, I made the first draft to grasp what kind of information I need to put on more. I got a feedback from Oliver Tomlinson of TDL London. Suggestions from Oliver Tomlinson ‣‣ Audience
Influenza H1N1
Influenza H1N1
Dangerous Swine Flu
How to avoid
Swine flu is a respiratory disease which infects pigs but also people, typically those who have been in contact with pigs.
For students in junior and junior
2,035 dead
high schools, this approach might be childish—need to be more educational.
Research whether 'H1N1' or 'swine flu' is used in India. ‣‣ Visualisation In the educational poster, the numbers
Delhi Rajasthan Gujarat
‣‣ Categorisation of information
33,761 infected Ut pore conet volorem que ius alicitas non eiciatio et ad que possequiam nobit, illaut
14,286 dead Telangana
visualised with Isotype method. Also, to and seasonal flu, a table may be useful.
More dangerous
Outbreak in West India
than seasonal ful
Ut pore conet volorem que ius alicitas non eiciatio et ad que possequiam nobit, illaut dolupis simaiosam es idi dolorem poritibusdae nos et officim fugiam, omnimod quis
Ut pore conet volorem que ius alicitas non eiciatio et ad que possequiam nobit, illaut
Take vaccine
If you have flu -like symptoms, stay home from work, school or crowded places.
avoiding the spread exist together, but
18
Wash hands regularly with soap and water.
If you have flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, body pains, sore throat, cough, runny nose, vomiting, and/or diarrhoea seek medical advice immediately.
Ut pore conet volorem que ius alicitas non eiciatio et ad que possequiam nobit, illaut
In 'How to avoid' poster, prevention and they should be separated
Avoid hugging. kissing and shaking hands when greeting
Pandemic in 2009
of deaths and infected people should be show the differences between swine flu
Avoid touching eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands
Ut pore conet volorem que ius alicitas non eiciatio et ad que possequiam nobit, illaut
‣‣ Language The word choices need to be revised.
Swine flu is a respiratory disease which infects pigs but also people, typically those who have been in contact with pigs.
Educational poster
'How to avoid' poster
Cover your nose and mouth with disposable tissue or a handkerchief when coughing & sneezing.
Dispose of used tissues properly and immediately after use.
Transforming Stage
2. List of contents According to the findings in discovery stage and the feedback from Oliver Tomlinson, I sorted out the contents that should be visualised. content name What is swine flu?
data/content
aim
‣‣ What is swine flu
To educate students how swine flu is
‣‣ Why it is dangerous
dangerous
METHOD
Comparison table
‣‣ How it is different from seasonal flu The numbers of cases and deaths in each state of India, from
To show the numbers of cases and deaths
January to March in 2015
visually: where and how much they spread
Total casualties
33,761 cases
To show total casualties at a glance
Isotype
in India
2,035 deaths To show how to avoid swine flu
Infographic
Outbreak in India 2015
How to protect yourself
‣‣ Wash your hands regularly with soap and water
Map infographic
‣‣ Take a vaccine at a medical centre near your place ‣‣ Do not touch eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands
If you have flu-
‣‣ Recognising symptoms
To show what are the symptoms
Illustration
like symptoms
High fever and any of those: headache, body pains, sore
To indicate what to do if he or she is
Checking box
throat, cough, runny nose, vomiting or diarrhoea
infected
‣‣ Contacting a medical center Medical doctor's name and phone number How to protect others
‣‣ Dispose of used tissues properly and immediately after use
To show how to protect others after
‣‣ If you have symptoms, stay home from work, school or
infected
Infographic
crowded places ‣‣ Cover your nose and mouth with a mask when coughing and sneezing 19
Transforming Stage
3. Map infographic a. Experiments For visualising the casualties by swine flu in each state in India, I used a map infographic because it is spreading especially in West India. Firstly, I edited the number of reported cases and number of deaths in each state with excel. Then I put them into Tableau. In Tableau, I tried two types of visualisations; with colours and bubbles. Those experiments were quite useful to develop the map infographic. States in West India have been affected by swine flu more than other states Infograohic from Hindustan Times http://www.hindustantimes.com
Sketches Though the scales of the circles are quite rough, I developed the map keeping this concept.
20
Editing with Tableau
Reported number of cases: The sizes of bubbles correspond to the numbers. Reported number of cases: Pure red colour means more than 5,000 people had been infected.
Reported number of deaths: The sizes of bubbles correspond to the numbers.
21
Transforming Stage
b. Progress Layering the two maps with bubbles that I made with Tableau, I visualised both of the numbers together in one map. aim: To visualise the numbers of cases and
Delhi
deaths: how they are different and where they happen
Rajasthan
ideas ‣‣ Using circles that are sized according to the numbers ‣‣ Using strong orange for the number of deaths; pale orange for reported cases ‣‣ Labelling names of the states where
Gujarat
Madhya Pradesh
swine flu spreads widely
Maharashtra
Scales
Telangana
5,000 people 1,000 people 500 people
Karnataka
Colours Numbers of reported cases M28, Y44 Numbers of deaths M80, Y90 22
Transforming Stage
4. Total casualties aim: To visualise overall casualties in India ideas:
33,761 cases
‣‣ Using Isotype method ‣‣ Using the same colour scheme as the 2,035 deaths
map infographic
= 1,000 people
Isotype The left one is a typical method of illustrating number of people in Isotype. The right one describes the stages of tuberculosis infection with colours.
23
Transforming Stage
5. Instruction infographics aim: To illustrate how to avoid swine flu and how to protect others after infected ideas: ‣‣ Using illustrations of Indian people— researching Indian features: face and hair colours
Sketches
‣‣ Using green circles for 'Do' things; red circles with obliques for 'Don't do' things. The sketches and first attempts looked childish and the expression on the face was inappropriate. Then for the second attempt, I changed the face to be more neutral, like a pictogram.
First attempts
Second attempts: The face needs more expressions of illness: sweat and a flush?
24
'Do' and 'Do not'
Influenza A H1N1 is Dangerous
EM
6. Symptoms check list aims:
WHERE?
‣‣ To show what are the symptoms
h
Transforming Stage
IF YOU HAVE FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS...
Outbreak in ifWest India ‣‣ To indicate what to do he or she is
Any of there do you have
infected
If you have flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, body pains, sore throat, cough, runny nose, vomiting, and/or diarrhoea seek medical advice immediately.
Go to a medical center
Influenza A H1N1 is Dangerous PROTECT OTHERS Swine Flu is dangerous IF YOU HAVE FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS
ideas:
‣‣ Separating symptoms into 2 steps ‣‣ Using check box for symptoms
2015
a
Initial attempt
‣‣ Putting lines for writing a doctor's
name and phone number of the nearest medical centerMAP forKEY school
FLU?
Circles are sized according to number of deaths and reported cases (January – March 2015) and are places at the center of Delhi (National Capital Region) and each state.
ndia, is also ecause in the contact with en a new virus n’t been near pigs. oluptia st around the ia sum called it a ued to getla sick or apiet
Scale
5,000 people 1,000 people 500 people
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andandit, om umgetting swine
erious health ction is to get a
Mild to high fever plus
any of there you have... YOURSELF YOU CANdoPROTECT Go to headache body pains a medical center
Dispose ofsore throatStay at home Wear a mask cough at the medical used tissues You should contact... eyes, nose or mouth
center near your properly and runny nose immediately after vomiting place use.
diarrhoea Wash your hands
PROTECT YOURSELF
Wash your hands regularly with soap and water
FLUENZA A H1N1? Swine flu virus (Influenza A H1N1)
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Take a vaccine at a medical center near your place
Do not touch eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands
EADS RAPIDLY
PROTECT OTHERS IF YOU HAVE FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS...
March 2015
Step 1
MAP KEY Circles are sized according to number of deaths and reported cases (January – March 2015) and are places at the center of Delhi (National Capital Region) and each state.
= 1,000 people
ia voluptat atum eum q uasperatet turerum m a consequi
Scale
5,000 people
Ovit ium et ulpa dolo ommoluptia voluptat 1,000 people 500 people quis pre prat omnia sum voluptatum eum volutet por apiet la corunt, eiciliq uasperatet landandit, qui ute vidus volupta turerum hitatate preic Color te quae doluptatem a consequi
ENZA A H1N1?
Numbers of deaths
Numbers of reported cases
ia voluptat atum eum Casualities q uasperatet in the whole of India turerum
33,761 cases
Step 2
Mild or
Wash high hands fever
regularly with soap
Dispose and water of used tissues
+
properly and immediately after use.
Second attempt Symptoms should be separated because fever is the most common symptoms.
Step 3
Headache Go to Don’tatouch Body pains medical center at the medical eyes, nose or mouth Sore throat center near immediately Stay atyour home Wear a mask with unwashed place Cough hands Cover your nosetoand mouth If you have symptoms, stay You should contact Runny noseschool or with a mask when coughing home from work, Dr. & sneezing. crowded places. Vomiting Tel Diarrhoea
Take vaccine
PROTECT YOURSELF
YOU SHOULD PROTECT OTHERS
Third attempt Separating three steps for recognising the symptoms and what to do first was the main idea.
25
Transforming Stage
7. Progress of layout Considering the hierarchy of importance of the information was crucial for the layout. The orders of section was
Influenza A H1N1 is Dangerous THE PROBLEM
WHERE?
IF YOU HAVE FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS...
Number of death
Outbreak in West India
Any of there do you have
Go to a medical center
If you have flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, body pains, sore throat, cough, runny nose, vomiting, and/or diarrhoea seek medical advice immediately.
changed several time. The audience can learn about general information about
PROTECT OTHERS
swine flu and how it spreads in India on the left side. Then from the right, the audience can learn practical things. I put orange colours for the right side because the right side is more important than left side.
Ovit ium et ulpa dolo ommoluptia voluptat quis pre prat omnia sum voluptatum eum volutet por apiet la corunt, eiciliq uasperatet landandit, qui ute vidus volupta turerum
Ovit ium et ulpa dolo ommoluptia voluptat quis pre prat omnia sum voluptatum eum volutet por apiet la corunt, eiciliq uasperatet landandit, qui ute vidus volupta turerum
Dispose of used tissues
properly and immediately after use.
Stay at home at the medical center near your place
Wear a mask eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands
PROTECT YOURSELF
WHAT IS INFLUENZA A H1N1?
Wash hands regularly with soap and water
Take vaccine at the medical center near your place
Don’t touch eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands
Influenza A H1N1 is Dangerous IF YOU HAVE FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS
OUTBREAK IN 2015 The spread in West India
MAP KEY Circles are sized according to number of deaths and reported cases (January – March 2015) and are places at the center of Delhi (National Capital Region) and each state. Scale
5,000 people 1,000 people 500 people
Color
Numbers of deaths Numbers of reported cases
Mild to high fever plus any of there do you have... headache body pains sore throat cough runny nose vomiting diarrhoea
Go to a medical center You should contact... quis pre prat omnia sum voluptatum eum volutet por apiet la corunt, eiciliq uasperatet landandit, qui ute vidus volupta turerum hitatate preic te quae doluptatem a consequi
PROTECT OTHERS
= 1,000 people
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WHAT IS INFLUENZA A H1N1? Ovit ium et ulpa dolo ommoluptia voluptat quis pre prat omnia sum voluptatum eum volutet por apiet la corunt, eiciliq uasperatet landandit, qui ute vidus volupta turerum hitatate preic te quae doluptatem a consequi bero quibus.Solum volorio ratiatetur as idendi dollaborit aut re pore am eatureptate sa pa dest, te ex et inum ad quam hicipsum am, commodionsed etur aut omnist, nobis doles aceptist repudae. Pis core ducium quis aut eiciae moluptatisim ipsunt id et faccatio.
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Dispose of used tissues
properly and immediately after use.
Stay at home
Wear a mask
If you have symptoms, stay home from work, school or crowded places.
Cover your nose and mouth with a mask when coughing & sneezing.
PROTECT YOURSELF
Wash hands
Take vaccine
Don’t touch
regularly with soap and water
at the medical center near your place
eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands
First attempts On the left, 'what is' section should be on the top. 'Symptoms' section was on the top of the right, but needed to come after 'protect yourself' section.
Transforming Stage
The overall structure of the poster
Swine Flu is dangerous
Left side ‣‣ What is swine flu? text: General information about swine flu graphic: Comparison table with seasonal flu ‣‣ Swine flu spreads rapidly
WHAT IS SWINE FLU?
YOU CAN PROTECT YOURSELF
From January 2015, swine flu is spreading throughout India. Knowing about swine flu is urgent to protect yourself. This disease epidemic is called swine flu, because in the past people those who caught it had direct contact with pigs. That changed several years ago, when a new virus emerged that spread among people who hadn’t been near pigs. In 2009, swine flu was spreading fast around the world, so the World Health Organization called it a pandemic. Since then, people have continued to get sick from swine flu. It is important to protect yourself from getting swine flu. It is like seasonal flu, but it can cause more serious health problems for some people. The best protection is taking a flu vaccine, or flu shot immediately.
SWINE FLU SPREADS RAPIDLY MAP KEY Circles are sized according to number of deaths and reported cases (January – March 2015) and are places at the center of Delhi (National Capital Region) and each state.
text: graphic:
Scale
Delhi
Step 1
Mild or high fever
5,000 people
Step 2
+
1,000 people 500 people
Gujarat
Color
Madhya Pradesh
Don’t touch your eyes, nose or mouth Do not touch eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands
Numbers of deaths
Headache Body pains Sore throat Cough Runny nose Vomiting Diarrhoea
Step 3
Go to a medical center immediately You should contact to Dr. Tel
Numbers of reported cases Maharashtra
YOU SHOULD PROTECT OTHERS
Telangana
Isotype method and a map
Casualties in the whole of India
33,761 cases
Karnataka
= 1,000 people
‣‣ You can protect yourself
Take a vaccine at a medical center near your place
Rajasthan
The numbers of casualties in India with
Right side
Take a vaccine
IF YOU HAVE FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS...
West India, January to March 2015
How fast swine flu is spreading in India
Wash your hands Wash your hands regularly with soap and water, Swine flu virus (Influenza A H1N1)
2,035 deaths
For only three months, the number of casualties has reached over 30,000 The swine flu outbreak in 2015 refers to an outbreak of the 2009 pandemic H1N1virus in India, which is still ongoing as of March 2015. The states of Gujarat and Rajasthan are the worst affected. India had reported 937 cases and 218 deaths
from swine flu in the year 2014. By mid-February 2015, the reported cases and deaths in 2015 had surpassed the previous numbers. The total number of laboratory confirmed cases crossed 33,000 mark with death of more than 2,000 people, January to March 2015.
Stay at home
Wear a mask
If you have symptoms, stay home from work, school or crowded places.
Cover your nose and mouth with a mask when coughing and sneezing.
Dispose of used tissues
Dispose of used tissues properly and immediately after use.
text: How to avoid the infection with flu graphic: Instruction illustration
Swine Flu is dangerous ‣‣ If you have flu-like symptoms... Check list of symptoms Medical doctor's name and phone number ‣‣ You should protect others text: How to avoid spreading flu
WHAT IS SWINE FLU?
YOU CAN PROTECT YOURSELF
From January 2015, swine flu is spreading throughout India. Knowing about swine flu is urgent to protect yourself. This disease epidemic is called swine flu, because in the past people those who caught it had direct contact with pigs. That changed several years ago, when a new virus emerged that spread among people who hadn’t been near pigs. In 2009, swine flu was spreading fast around the world, so the World Health Organization called it a pandemic. Since then, people have continued to get sick from swine flu. It is important to protect yourself from getting swine flu. It is like seasonal flu, but it can cause more serious health problems for some people. The best protection is taking a flu vaccine, or flu shot immediately.
Don’t touch your eyes, nose or mouth Do not touch eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands
Swine flu virus (Influenza A H1N1)
SWINE FLU SPREADS RAPIDLY MAP KEY Circles are sized according to number of deaths and reported cases (January – March 2015) and are places at the center of Delhi (National Capital Region) and each state. Scale
Delhi
Mild or high fever
+
5,000 people 1,000 people 500 people
Rajasthan
Gujarat
Color
Madhya Pradesh
Take a vaccine Take a vaccine at a medical center near your place
IF YOU HAVE FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS...
West India, January to March 2015
graphic: Instruction illustration
Wash your hands Wash your hands regularly with soap and water,
Numbers of deaths
Headache Body pains Sore throat Cough Runny nose Vomiting Diarrhoea
Go to a medical center immediately You should contact to Dr. Tel
Numbers of reported cases Maharashtra
YOU SHOULD PROTECT OTHERS
Telangana
Casualties in the whole of India Karnataka
33,761 cases = 1,000 people
2,035 deaths
For only three months, the number of casualties has reached over 30,000 The swine flu outbreak in 2015 refers to an outbreak of the 2009 pandemic H1N1virus in India, which is still ongoing as of March 2015. The states of Gujarat and Rajasthan are the worst affected. India had reported 937 cases and 218 deaths
from swine flu in the year 2014. By mid-February 2015, the reported cases and deaths in 2015 had surpassed the previous numbers. The total number of laboratory confirmed cases crossed 33,000 mark with death of more than 2,000 people, January to March 2015.
Stay at home
Wear a mask
If you have symptoms, stay home from work, school or crowded places.
Cover your nose and mouth with a mask when coughing and sneezing.
Dispose of used tissues
Dispose of used tissues properly and immediately after use.
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contents
Making
1. Concept of the project 2. Text components 3. Grid specification 4. Infographic pieces a. Map b. Comparison table c. Total casualties in India d. Instruction infographics 5. Poster
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Making Stage
1. Concept of the project
Poster for swine flu epidemic in India From January 2015, a swine flu epidemic has spread in India. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India has reported the total number of laboratory confirmed cases is more than 33,000 and deaths is more than 2,000 people, January to March 2015. The aims of this project are to educate Indian people how swine flu is dangerous, what are the symptoms and how to protect themselves and others. intended audience and client As young people tend to be infected more than middleaged people, the intended audience is students in junior high and high schools in India. To distribute this poster to those schools, World Health Organization Community Office for India is the client.
29
Making Stage
2. Text components
Section heading Signo, Bold, 32 Intro text Signo, Bold italic, 17/21, C100, M52, Y60 Body text Century Schoolbook, Regular, 13/16
Key phrase Signo, Bold, 23/24
Subheading Signo, Bold, 23/24 Table text Signo, Regular, 11/14
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WHAT IS SWINE FLU? From January 2015, swine flu is spreading throughout India. Knowing about swine flu is important for protecting yourself This disease epidemic is called swine flu, because in the past people those who caught it had direct contact with pigs. That changed several years ago, when a new virus emerged that spread among people who hadn’t been near pigs.
Don’t touch your eyes, nose or mouth Differences between swine flu and seasonal flu 83 % of the deaths occurs in people between 5 –64, and under 24 years old people tend to be infected
Making Stage
3. Grid specification 60 pt
size
18 pt
60 pt
A2 Landscape 594 Ă— 420 mm
52 pt
margins Top margin: 52 pt Bottom margin: 52 pt Outside margin: 60 pt Inside margin: 60 pt 25 columns, gutter: 18 pt
420 mm
52 pt
594 mm
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Use of grid
Swine Flu is dangerous WHAT IS SWINE FLU?
YOU CAN PROTECT YOURSELF
From January 2015, swine flu is spreading throughout India. Knowing about swine flu is important for protecting yourself This disease epidemic is called swine flu, because in the past people those who caught it had direct contact with pigs. That changed several years ago, when a new virus emerged that spread among people who hadn’t been near pigs. In 2009, swine flu was spreading fast around the world, so the World Health Organization called it a pandemic. Since then, people have continued to get sick from swine flu. It is important to protect yourself from getting swine flu. It is like seasonal flu, but it can cause more serious health problems for some people. The best protection is taking a flu vaccine, or flu shot immediately.
Differences between swine flu and seasonal flu Swine flu
Seasonal flu
Ages of patients
83 % of the deaths occurs in people between 5 –64, and under 24 years old people tend to be infected
90 % of the deaths occur in people over 65 years old
Serious infection
In some cases cells in the lungs are infected deeply: filling the lungs with fluid and impairing breathing
Mostly, people can recovery within 10 days
Immune response
Most people lack the immune response
People can develop the immune response after recovery
SWINE FLU SPREADS RAPIDLY
Don’t touch your eyes, nose or mouth Do not touch eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands
KEYS Circles are sized according to number of deaths and reported cases (January to March 2015) and are places at the center of Delhi (National Capital Region) and each state. Scale
Delhi
Mild or high fever
5,000 people 1,000 people 500 people
Rajasthan
Color Gujarat
Numbers of deaths Numbers of reported cases
Maharashtra Telangana
Take a vaccine Take a vaccine at a medical center near your place
IF YOU HAVE FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS...
Outbreak in West India, January to March 2015
Madhya Pradesh
Wash your hands Wash your hands regularly with soap and water,
+
Headache Body pains Sore throat Cough Runny nose Vomiting Diarrhoea
Go to a medical center immediately! You should contact to... Dr. Tel
YOU SHOULD PROTECT OTHERS
1,000 people
Total casualties in India Karnataka
33,761 cases 2,035 deaths
For only three months, the number of infected people has reached over 33,000 The swine flu outbreak in 2015 refers to an outbreak of the 2009 pandemic H1N1virus in India, which is still ongoing as of March 2015. The states of Gujarat and Rajasthan are the worst affected. India had reported 937 cases and 218 deaths from swine
32
flu in the year 2014. By mid-February 2015, the reported cases and deaths in 2015 had surpassed the previous numbers. The total number of laboratory confirmed cases crossed 33,000 mark with death of more than 2,000 people, January to March 2015.
Stay at home
Wear a mask
If you have symptoms, stay at home from work, school or crowded places.
Cover your nose and mouth with a mask when coughing and sneezing.
Dispose of used tissues
Dispose of used tissues properly and immediately after use.
Making Stage
4. Infographic pieces a. Map
KEYS Circles are sized according to number of deaths and reported cases (January – March 2015) and are places at the center of Delhi (National Capital Region) and each state. Delhi
Scale
1,000 people 500 people
Rajasthan
Gujarat
Madhya Pradesh
5,000 people
Color
Numbers of deaths Numbers of reported cases
Maharashtra Telangana
Karnataka
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Making Stage
b. Comparison table
d. Instruction infographics
Differences between swine flu and seasonal flu Swine flu
Seasonal flu
Ages of patients
83 % of the deaths occurs in people between 5 –64, and under 24 years old people tend to be infected
90 % of the deaths occur in people over 65 years old
Serious infection
In some cases cells in the lungs are infected deeply: filling the lungs with fluid and impairing breathing
Most people can recovery within 10 days
Immune response
Most people lack the immune response
People can develop the immune response after recovery
Don’t touch your eyes, nose or mouth
Stay at home
c. Total casualties in India Wash your hands
Wear a mask
1,000 people
Take a vaccine
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Dispose of used tissues
Making Stage
5. Poster
35
Making Stage
Poster at school
36
Conclusions and further development In terms of the hierarchy of information, the use of gradation of orange works well. The audience would grasp what is the most important information. Contacting with WHO in India would be helpful for understanding the epidemic more deeply and defining the audience more clearly because desktop research had a limitation to know the audience.
Acknowledgements Images of this report have been taken from various sources throughout the Internet. They have been used for visualization purposes only.
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