Shiho Asada MAID Professional Assignment Report

MAID | Summer term 2015 tutor: Paul Luna client: TDL-London University of Reading Department of Typography and Graphic Communication MA Information Design 2014 – 15 Shiho Asada

project report

Professional Assignment

1

Table of Contents

Brief 3 Project Brief

Discovery

Transforming

Making

5 1. Disease epidemics

18 1. First draft

29 1. Concept of the project

5 a. Definition of an epidemic

19 2. List of contents

30 2. Text components

5 b. Recent huge disease

20 3. Map infographic

31 3. Grid specification

20 a. Experiments

33 4. Infographic pieces

6 c. Online resources

22 b. Progress

33 a. Map

7 2. Analysis of existing crisis

23 4. Total casualties

34 b. Comparison table

24 5. Instruction infographics

34 c. Total casualties in India

7 a. Infographics for Ebola virus

25 6. Symptoms check list

34 d. Instruction infographics

9 b. Conclusions

26 7. Progress of layout

35 5. Poster

epidemics

infographics

10 3. Pictograms for related subjects 11 4. Chosen epidemic: Swine flu in India 11 a. About the disease 13 b. Existing infographics 14 5. The audience 15 6. References and inspirations 16 7. Initial proposal

2

Project brief Professional assignment: Crisis Infographics Summer term 2015 tutor: Paul Luna / client: TDL-London background

aims

task

WHAT IS CRISIS INFOGRAPHICS?

‣‣ To understand how information design

‣‣ Design a graphical output which

‣‣ You should assume that your audience

Recent world events have inspired us

directly helps a community affected

has no medical background, and your

to create a new division at TDL-London

‣‣ To understand how to effectively

by a recent disease epidemic. This

designs must reflect this.

called Crisis Infographics. The purpose of

communicate with local communities

output can be anything, from a leaflet

which is to explore possible applications

affected by a crisis, and how to

to a poster/series of posters, to an

outcomes

of information design in assisting at-risk

overcome cultural, language and

online mailshot.

Using the structure of discovery,

individuals in emergency situations.

other communication barriers

‣‣ Choose which epidemic to base your

transform & make, you must produce:

Information design can be crucial in

‣‣ To understand the psychology behind

designs on, but it must have occurred

‣‣ 1 x design outcome. This is specified

disaster situations. From preparing for

crisis infographics and how people

in the past 3 years, and your final

by you, based on your research into

the event to coping in the aftermath,

interact with them at different

outcome must aid the prevention of

your chosen disease and community

information design methods ensure

stages of a disaster; mitigation and

spreading of the disease.

affected

communications are:

preparedness (pre-disaster), response/

‣‣ Inclusive

relief (during disaster) and recovery

the audience

‣‣ Easily understood

(post-disaster)

The design must directly help the

‣‣ Understood quickly

‣‣ To design a graphical output which

community affected by the epidemic.

‣‣ Designed for action, rather than purely

consolidates all of the ideas above

‣‣ You must decide whether your design

can help those affected by a crisis

‣‣ 1 x illustrated report

aesthetic

is to be used in preparation for, during

‣‣ Clear, organised and concise

or after an outbreak. ‣‣ You must thoroughly research the local area affected by the disease, in order to make informed design decisions such as type, copy, colour and format. ‣‣ You must also investigate into the disease itself, and fully understand how the illness is spread and relevant prevention methods.

3

contents

Discovery

1. Disease epidemics a. Definition of an epidemic b. Recent huge disease epidemics c. Online resources 2. Analysis of existing crisis infographics a. Infographics for Ebola virus b. Conclusions 3. Pictograms for related subjects 4. Chosen epidemic: Swine flu in India a. About the disease b. Existing infographics 5. The audience 6. References and inspirations 7. Initial proposal

4

Discovery Stage

1. Disease epidemics b. Recent huge disease epidemics

a. Definition of an epidemic Referred from Wikipedia.org

causes: ‣‣ A change in the ecology of the host

Ebola virus disease (EVD)

Dengue fever

An epidemic is the rapid spread of

population (e.g. increased stress

area: From West Africa to worldwide

area: Pakistan

infectious disease to a large number

or increase in the density of a vector

period: 2013 – present

period: 2011 – present

of people in a given population within a

species)

casualties: 10,857 (by 25 April 2015)

casualties: More than 170 (by April 2015)

short period of time, usually two weeks

‣‣ A genetic change in the pathogen

or less. For example, in meningococcal

reservoir

mortality: 25–90 percent

mortality: 1–5 percent

infections, an attack rate in excess of

incubation period:

incubation period:

15 cases per 100,000 people for two

2 to 21 days, usually between 4 to 10 days

3 to 14 days, usually between 4 to 7 days

consecutive weeks is considered an

infection route:

infection route:

epidemic.

Direct contact with body fluids, such

Mosquito within the genus Aedes

An epidemic may be restricted to one

as blood, of an infected human or other

location; however, if it spreads to other

animals

countries or continents and affects a substantial number of people, it may be termed a pandemic.

Plague (bubonic and pneumonic plague)

Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (Swine)

The declaration of an epidemic usually

area: Madagascar

area: India

requires a good understanding of a

period: August 2014 – present

period: January 2015 – present

baseline rate of incidence; epidemics

casualties: 40 (by April 2015)

casualties: 2,035 (by March 2015)

are defined as reaching some defined

mortality:

mortality: Less than 10 percent

increase in incidence above this baseline.

Bubonic...50–70 percent

incubation period:

A few cases of a very rare disease may

Pneumonic...Nearly 100 percent

2 to 10 days, usually between 2 to 3 days

be classified as an epidemic, while many

incubation period: 2 to 6 days

infection route:

cases of a common disease (such as the

infection route:

Pigs, in the air or by direct contact

common cold) would not.

In the air, by direct contact, by

for certain diseases, such as influenza,

contaminated undercooked food or materials, or fleas and animals

5

Discovery Stage

c. Online resources World Health Organization publishes alerts of pandemic and epidemic diseased around the world with how to avoid them.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is similar to WHO, but focuses on epidemics in the US. Unicef gives information about epidemic diseases in developing areas and focuses on how it helps the people in those areas.

Web MD shows how to cure illness including epidemics.

6

Discovery Stage

2. Analysis of existing crisis infographics a. Infographics for Ebola virus

Is it Flu or Ebola?

As Ebola virus disease is the most

author:

massive and worldwide epidemic in

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

recent years, a lot of infographics have

media: Poster / CDC website

been published as both of prints and

audience: Citizens in the US

The flu is a common contagious respiratory illness caused by flu viruses.

The flu is different from a cold.

PDFs. On the other hand, infographics for

stage of disaster: Response/relief

Flu can cause mild to severe illness, and complications can lead to death.

other epidemics that work(ed) in practice

method: Pictograms

Is it Flu or Ebola?

Flu (influenza)

How Flu Germs Are Spread

were difficult to find. Therefore, I started research from the infographics for Ebola

aim:

virus disease.

To present the differences between flu

I analysed the infographics with

and Ebola because the symptoms of

focuses on who is the audience, which

those two disasters are similar

Ebola is a rare and deadly disease caused by infection with an Ebola virus. Sporadic outbreaks have occurred in some African countries since 1976.

How Ebola Germs are Spread Ebola can only be spread by direct contact with blood or body fluids from

The flu is spread mainly by droplets made when people who have flu cough, sneeze, or talk. Viruses can also spread on surfaces, but this is less common.

• A person who is sick or who has died of Ebola.

• Objects like needles that have been in contact with the blood or body fluids of a person sick with Ebola.

People with flu can spread the virus before and during their illness.

Who Gets The Flu?

stage of disaster is warned, and the methods.

Ebola

Ebola cannot spread in the air or by water or food.

Who Gets Ebola?

People most at risk of getting Ebola are • People with a travel history to countries with widespread transmission or exposure to a person with Ebola.

• Healthcare providers taking care of patients with Ebola.

• Friends and family who have had unprotected direct contact with blood or body fluids of a person sick with Ebola.

Anyone can get the flu.

Some people—like very young children, older adults, and people with some health conditions—are at high risk of serious complications.

analysis: This infographic clearly shows the differences between the two epidemics.

Red colour is used for flu and green colour is used for Ebola. Those colour

Signs and Symptoms of Flu

Signs and Symptoms of Ebola The signs and symptoms of Ebola can appear 2 to 21 days after exposure. The average time is 8 to 10 days. Symptoms of Ebola develop over several days and become progressively more severe.

The signs and symptoms of flu usually develop within 2 days after exposure. Symptoms come on quickly and all at once.

• People with Ebola cannot spread the virus until symptoms appear.

choices might be inappropriate because green is assumed to be healthy in many cases.

Pictograms work well especially 'how they are spread' and 'signs and symptoms' sections. Though this infographic is for American

• • • • • • •

Fever or feeling feverish Headache Muscle or body aches Feeling very tired (fatigue) Cough Sore throat Runny or stuffy nose

• • • • •

Fever Severe headache Muscle pain Feeling very tired (fatigue) Vomiting and diarrhea develop after 3–6 days • Weakness (can be severe) • Stomach pain • Unexplained bleeding or bruising

For more information about the flu and Ebola, visit www.cdc.gov/flu and www.cdc.gov/ebola.

November 13, 2014 CS252296-1

citizens, those pictograms could be understandable in other countries.

7

Discovery Stage

Learn All About Current Ebola Outbreak author: Unicef / World Health Organization media: Poster and PDF for websites audience: Worldwide stage of disaster: Preparedness and mitigation method: Illustrations aims: To educate people about how EVD is dangerous, how to prevent from it, what the symptoms are, and how it spreads analysis: The illustrations are understandable and accessible to everyone, especially children. Each poster has a different role and it makes information about EVD simple and clear.

8

Discovery Stage

b. Conclusions

Ebola Do and Do Not's author: Unicef/ Ministry of Health, Liberia media: Poster and PDF for websites audience: Liberian / worldwide stage of disaster: Preparedness

  

aims:



To inform people about how to protect themselves from Ebola virus

This poster has been published for Liberian firstly, and later uploaded on several websites. Though this poster has been published to the whole world, it is focusing more on the local communities in Liberia.The illustrations reflect Liberian

 

  

  





  

lifestyle. Those realistic illustrations can



provoke people's awareness of how Ebola is dangerous.

Green and red colours are strong contrast to each other. Those two colours



   



 

clearly show what kinds of actions should be taken by the audience.

Within these three infographics, only 'Ebola Do and Do Not's' focuses on the local people in West Africa. The illustrations in this infographics reflect

method: Illustrations

analysis:

Illustrations





  

  

Liberian people and culture. The realistic illustrations of it could provoke people's awareness of how Ebola is dangerous.

This infographics could be more understandable than 'Is it Flu or Ebola?' infographics for the African people.

Colours Red colours are used in all of the three graphics to emphasise the risks of the

   

  



 



 

infection. Red means 'dangerous' or 'warning' around the world. Thus, In crisis infographics, red should be used for warning how the epidemic is dangerous or stressing how the prevention is important.

Media Those infographics are published as posters and pdfs. PDF versions have been shared by SNSs globally. It can be said that considering digital version is



necessary in making crisis infographics.

9

Discovery Stage

3. Pictograms for related subjects From Symbol Sourcebook (Dreyfuss, 1972), I found universal pictograms for related subjects such as medicine, hospitals, agriculture and safety. Though those pictograms were made for signage at that moment, they can be useful for making crisis infographics.

Medicine / Hospitals

Agriculture

Cautions for recreation 10

Safety

Discovery Stage

4. Chosen epidemic: Swine flu in India a. About the disease Swine flu (Influenza A virus subtype H1N1)

symptoms:

Differences between kinds of Flu

Swine flu is a respiratory disease which

Similar to those of influenza and of

Seasonal flu:

infects pigs but also people, typically

influenza-like illness in general: namely

90 % of the deaths occur in people over 65

those who have been in contact with pigs.

chills, fever, sore throat, muscle pains,

H1N1:

According to Forbes (Flam, 2015),

severe headache, coughing, weakness,

‣‣ People under 24 years old tend to be

scientists agree that this virus is a

and general discomfort.

infected easily

descendant of the H1N1 'swine' flu that

‣‣ 83 % of the deaths and 71 % of

killed more than 18,000 people worldwide

causes:

hospitalization are in those between 5

in 2009. But some researchers have

A respiratory disease that occurs in

and 64

found mutations that might make this

pigs that is caused by the Influenza A

‣‣ H1N1 is able to infect cells deeper in the

virus more virulent or more infectious,

virus. Mutation has occurred since the

lungs than seasonal flu, and so it can fill

and might also allow it to elude the

pandemic in 2009.

the lungs with fluid and impair breathing.

existing flu shots that were made to cover the 2009 strain.

‣‣ Most people lack the immune response incubation period: 2 to 10 days, usually between 2 to 3 days infection route: Pigs, in the air or by direct contact preparedness: Vaccine The injectable H1N1 vaccine is a "killed virus" vaccine. H1N1 influenza virus

Seasonal flu Guideline from the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India

vaccine is also available in a nasal spray form, which is a "live virus" vaccine.

11

Discovery Stage

medical care and prevention of the spread The Ministry of Health, Welfare and Family in Indian Government has published what

action Self-isolation

onset of illness or at least 24 hours after symptoms have

prevention of the spread of swine flu. The

resolved.

table on the right shows the actions and infographics.

Patients who develop flu-like illness should be strongly encouraged to self-isolate in their home for 7 days after the

are the appropriate medical cares and

details. Those should be visualised as

detail

Reporting illness

To seek medical care, patients should contact their health care providers to report illness (by telephone or other remote means) before seeking care at a clinic, physician's office, or hospital.

Paying attention on difficulty of breathing Wearing a mask

Patients who have difficulty breathing or shortness of breath or who are believed to be severely ill should seek immediate medical a足ttention.

If the patient must go into the community (eg, to seek medical care), he or she should wear a face mask to reduce the risk of spreading the virus in the community when coughing, sneezing, talking, or breathing.

Covering nose and mouth Washing hands Avoiding touching eyes

12

Cover the nose and mouth with disposable tissue or a handkerchief when coughing & sneezing.

Wash hands regularly with soap and water.

Avoid touching eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands.

Discovery Stage

b. Existing infographics As a worldwide H1N1 epidemic occurred in 2009, I could find some infographics for this disease. Those infographics focus on the preparedness and prevention of the spread because the main incubation route of H1N1 is direct contact between people.

Some of them explain how H1N1 infects people and how it differs from seasonal flu because H1N1 is more powerful than seasonal flu.

Domnitjen Magazine, Commonwealth of Dominica, West Indies

Anejo Health Communications

Tocancipรก official site in Cundinamarca, Colombia

Ministry of Health, Government of Sri Lanka

13

Discovery Stage

5. The audience audience: Students As young people tend to be infected with swine flu, I decided students in junior high and high schools as the audience.

To inform those schools, I chose WHO in India as the client. They can distribute the crisis infographic to the schools, and inform it on their websites. client: World Health Organization Community Office for India World Health Organization (WHO) is the United Nations’ specialized agency for Health. It is an inter-governmental organization and works in collaboration with its member states usually through the Ministries of Health. They can distribute the infographics to every schools in India.

14

Discovery Stage

6. References and inspirations

15

Discovery Stage

7. Initial proposal A series of posters for schools audience: Students client: WHO in India media: Posters The initial proposal is a series of posters for schools to educate how H1N1 is dangerous and how to avoid it.

The first poster explains how swine flu is dangerous. It presents the number of deaths and reported cases in India

by March 2015 with a map and chart and the differences between seasonal flu and swine flu.

The second poster shows 'Do's and 'Do Not's for the prevention with a set of illustrations of Indian children who act the preventions.

Educational poster

16

'How to protect' poster

contents

Transforming

1. First draft 2. List of contents 3. Map infographic a. Experiments b. Progress 4. Total casualties 5. Instruction infographics 6. Symptoms check list 7. Progress of layout

17

Transforming Stage

1. First draft Along the initial proposal, I made the first draft to grasp what kind of information I need to put on more. I got a feedback from Oliver Tomlinson of TDL London.

Suggestions from Oliver Tomlinson ‣‣ Audience

Influenza H1N1

Influenza H1N1

Dangerous Swine Flu

How to avoid

Swine flu is a respiratory disease which infects pigs but also people, typically those who have been in contact with pigs.

For students in junior and junior

2,035 dead

high schools, this approach might be childish—need to be more educational.

Research whether 'H1N1' or 'swine flu' is used in India. ‣‣ Visualisation In the educational poster, the numbers

Delhi Rajasthan Gujarat

‣‣ Categorisation of information

33,761 infected Ut pore conet volorem que ius alicitas non eiciatio et ad que possequiam nobit, illaut

14,286 dead Telangana

visualised with Isotype method. Also, to and seasonal flu, a table may be useful.

More dangerous

Outbreak in West India

than seasonal ful

Ut pore conet volorem que ius alicitas non eiciatio et ad que possequiam nobit, illaut dolupis simaiosam es idi dolorem poritibusdae nos et officim fugiam, omnimod quis

Ut pore conet volorem que ius alicitas non eiciatio et ad que possequiam nobit, illaut

Take vaccine

If you have flu -like symptoms, stay home from work, school or crowded places.

avoiding the spread exist together, but

18

Wash hands regularly with soap and water.

If you have flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, body pains, sore throat, cough, runny nose, vomiting, and/or diarrhoea seek medical advice immediately.

Ut pore conet volorem que ius alicitas non eiciatio et ad que possequiam nobit, illaut

In 'How to avoid' poster, prevention and they should be separated

Avoid hugging. kissing and shaking hands when greeting

Pandemic in 2009

of deaths and infected people should be show the differences between swine flu

Avoid touching eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands

Ut pore conet volorem que ius alicitas non eiciatio et ad que possequiam nobit, illaut

‣‣ Language The word choices need to be revised.

Swine flu is a respiratory disease which infects pigs but also people, typically those who have been in contact with pigs.

Educational poster

'How to avoid' poster

Cover your nose and mouth with disposable tissue or a handkerchief when coughing & sneezing.

Dispose of used tissues properly and immediately after use.

Transforming Stage

2. List of contents According to the findings in discovery stage and the feedback from Oliver Tomlinson, I sorted out the contents that should be visualised. content name What is swine flu?

data/content

aim

‣‣ What is swine flu

To educate students how swine flu is

‣‣ Why it is dangerous

dangerous

METHOD

Comparison table

‣‣ How it is different from seasonal flu The numbers of cases and deaths in each state of India, from

To show the numbers of cases and deaths

January to March in 2015

visually: where and how much they spread

Total casualties

33,761 cases

To show total casualties at a glance

Isotype

in India

2,035 deaths To show how to avoid swine flu

Infographic

Outbreak in India 2015

How to protect yourself

‣‣ Wash your hands regularly with soap and water

Map infographic

‣‣ Take a vaccine at a medical centre near your place ‣‣ Do not touch eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands

If you have flu-

‣‣ Recognising symptoms

To show what are the symptoms

Illustration

like symptoms

High fever and any of those: headache, body pains, sore

To indicate what to do if he or she is

Checking box

throat, cough, runny nose, vomiting or diarrhoea

infected

‣‣ Contacting a medical center Medical doctor's name and phone number How to protect others

‣‣ Dispose of used tissues properly and immediately after use

To show how to protect others after

‣‣ If you have symptoms, stay home from work, school or

infected

Infographic

crowded places ‣‣ Cover your nose and mouth with a mask when coughing and sneezing 19

Transforming Stage

3. Map infographic a. Experiments For visualising the casualties by swine flu in each state in India, I used a map infographic because it is spreading especially in West India.

Firstly, I edited the number of reported cases and number of deaths in each state with excel. Then I put them into Tableau. In Tableau, I tried two types of visualisations; with colours and bubbles.

Those experiments were quite useful to develop the map infographic.

States in West India have been affected by swine flu more than other states Infograohic from Hindustan Times http://www.hindustantimes.com

Sketches Though the scales of the circles are quite rough, I developed the map keeping this concept.

20

Editing with Tableau

Reported number of cases: The sizes of bubbles correspond to the numbers.

Reported number of cases: Pure red colour means more than 5,000 people had been infected.

Reported number of deaths: The sizes of bubbles correspond to the numbers.

21

Transforming Stage

b. Progress Layering the two maps with bubbles that I made with Tableau, I visualised both of the numbers together in one map. aim: To visualise the numbers of cases and

Delhi

deaths: how they are different and where they happen

Rajasthan

ideas ‣‣ Using circles that are sized according to the numbers ‣‣ Using strong orange for the number of deaths; pale orange for reported cases ‣‣ Labelling names of the states where

Gujarat

Madhya Pradesh

swine flu spreads widely

Maharashtra

Scales

Telangana

5,000 people 1,000 people 500 people

Karnataka

Colours Numbers of reported cases M28, Y44 Numbers of deaths M80, Y90 22

Transforming Stage

4. Total casualties aim: To visualise overall casualties in India ideas:

33,761 cases

‣‣ Using Isotype method ‣‣ Using the same colour scheme as the 2,035 deaths

map infographic

= 1,000 people

Isotype The left one is a typical method of illustrating number of people in Isotype.

The right one describes the stages of tuberculosis infection with colours.

23

Transforming Stage

5. Instruction infographics aim: To illustrate how to avoid swine flu and how to protect others after infected ideas: ‣‣ Using illustrations of Indian people— researching Indian features: face and hair colours

Sketches

‣‣ Using green circles for 'Do' things; red circles with obliques for 'Don't do' things.

The sketches and first attempts looked childish and the expression on the face was inappropriate. Then for the second attempt, I changed the face to be more neutral, like a pictogram.

First attempts

Second attempts: The face needs more expressions of illness: sweat and a flush?

24

'Do' and 'Do not'

Influenza A H1N1 is Dangerous

EM

6. Symptoms check list aims:

WHERE?

‣‣ To show what are the symptoms

h

Transforming Stage

IF YOU HAVE FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS...

Outbreak in ifWest India ‣‣ To indicate what to do he or she is

Any of there do you have

infected

If you have flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, body pains, sore throat, cough, runny nose, vomiting, and/or diarrhoea seek medical advice immediately.

Go to a medical center

Influenza A H1N1 is Dangerous PROTECT OTHERS Swine Flu is dangerous IF YOU HAVE FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS

ideas:

‣‣ Separating symptoms into 2 steps ‣‣ Using check box for symptoms

2015

a

Initial attempt

‣‣ Putting lines for writing a doctor's

name and phone number of the nearest medical centerMAP forKEY school

FLU?

Circles are sized according to number of deaths and reported cases (January – March 2015) and are places at the center of Delhi (National Capital Region) and each state.

ndia, is also ecause in the contact with en a new virus n’t been near pigs. oluptia st around the ia sum called it a ued to getla sick or apiet

Scale

5,000 people 1,000 people 500 people

Ovit ium et ulpa dolo ommoluptia voluptat quis pre prat omnia sum voluptatum eum volutet por apiet la Color Numbers of deaths corunt, eiciliq uasperatet landandit, qui ute vidus voluptaNumbers turerum of reported cases

andandit, om umgetting swine

erious health ction is to get a

Mild to high fever plus

any of there you have... YOURSELF YOU CANdoPROTECT Go to headache body pains a medical center

Dispose ofsore throatStay at home Wear a mask cough at the medical used tissues You should contact... eyes, nose or mouth

center near your properly and runny nose immediately after vomiting place use.

diarrhoea Wash your hands

PROTECT YOURSELF

Wash your hands regularly with soap and water

FLUENZA A H1N1?

Swine flu virus (Influenza A H1N1)

quis pre with prat unwashed omnia sum voluptatum eum hands volutet por apiet la corunt, eiciliq uasperatet landandit, qui ute vidus volupta turerum Take a vaccine touch a consequi hitatate preic teDon’t quae doluptatem

Take a vaccine at a medical center near your place

Do not touch eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands

EADS RAPIDLY

PROTECT OTHERS IF YOU HAVE FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS...

March 2015

Step 1

MAP KEY Circles are sized according to number of deaths and reported cases (January – March 2015) and are places at the center of Delhi (National Capital Region) and each state.

= 1,000 people

ia voluptat atum eum q uasperatet turerum m a consequi

Scale

5,000 people

Ovit ium et ulpa dolo ommoluptia voluptat 1,000 people 500 people quis pre prat omnia sum voluptatum eum volutet por apiet la corunt, eiciliq uasperatet landandit, qui ute vidus volupta turerum hitatate preic Color te quae doluptatem a consequi

ENZA A H1N1?

Numbers of deaths

Numbers of reported cases

ia voluptat atum eum Casualities q uasperatet in the whole of India turerum

33,761 cases

Step 2

Mild or

Wash high hands fever

regularly with soap

Dispose and water of used tissues

+

properly and immediately after use.

Second attempt Symptoms should be separated because fever is the most common symptoms.

Step 3

Headache Go to Don’tatouch Body pains medical center at the medical eyes, nose or mouth Sore throat center near immediately Stay atyour home Wear a mask with unwashed place Cough hands Cover your nosetoand mouth If you have symptoms, stay You should contact Runny noseschool or with a mask when coughing home from work, Dr. & sneezing. crowded places.

Vomiting Tel Diarrhoea

Take vaccine

PROTECT YOURSELF

YOU SHOULD PROTECT OTHERS

Third attempt Separating three steps for recognising the symptoms and what to do first was the main idea.

25

Transforming Stage

7. Progress of layout Considering the hierarchy of importance of the information was crucial for the layout. The orders of section was

Influenza A H1N1 is Dangerous THE PROBLEM

WHERE?

IF YOU HAVE FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS...

Number of death

Outbreak in West India

Any of there do you have

Go to a medical center

If you have flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, body pains, sore throat, cough, runny nose, vomiting, and/or diarrhoea seek medical advice immediately.

changed several time. The audience can learn about general information about

PROTECT OTHERS

swine flu and how it spreads in India on the left side. Then from the right, the audience can learn practical things.

I put orange colours for the right side because the right side is more important than left side.

Ovit ium et ulpa dolo ommoluptia voluptat quis pre prat omnia sum voluptatum eum volutet por apiet la corunt, eiciliq uasperatet landandit, qui ute vidus volupta turerum

Ovit ium et ulpa dolo ommoluptia voluptat quis pre prat omnia sum voluptatum eum volutet por apiet la corunt, eiciliq uasperatet landandit, qui ute vidus volupta turerum

Dispose of used tissues

properly and immediately after use.

Stay at home at the medical center near your place

Wear a mask eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands

PROTECT YOURSELF

WHAT IS INFLUENZA A H1N1?

Wash hands regularly with soap and water

Take vaccine at the medical center near your place

Don’t touch eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands

Influenza A H1N1 is Dangerous IF YOU HAVE FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS

OUTBREAK IN 2015 The spread in West India

MAP KEY Circles are sized according to number of deaths and reported cases (January – March 2015) and are places at the center of Delhi (National Capital Region) and each state.

Scale

5,000 people 1,000 people 500 people

Color

Numbers of deaths Numbers of reported cases

Mild to high fever plus any of there do you have... headache body pains sore throat cough runny nose vomiting diarrhoea

Go to a medical center You should contact... quis pre prat omnia sum voluptatum eum volutet por apiet la corunt, eiciliq uasperatet landandit, qui ute vidus volupta turerum hitatate preic te quae doluptatem a consequi

PROTECT OTHERS

= 1,000 people

Ovit ium et ulpa dolo ommoluptia voluptat quis pre prat omnia sum voluptatum eum volutet por apiet la corunt, eiciliq uasperatet landandit, qui ute vidus volupta turerum hitatate preic te quae doluptatem a consequi

Ovit ium et ulpa dolo ommoluptia voluptat quis pre prat omnia sum voluptatum eum volutet por apiet la corunt, eiciliq uasperatet landandit, qui ute vidus volupta turerum hitatate preic te quae doluptatem a consequi

WHAT IS INFLUENZA A H1N1?

Ovit ium et ulpa dolo ommoluptia voluptat quis pre prat omnia sum voluptatum eum volutet por apiet la corunt, eiciliq uasperatet landandit, qui ute vidus volupta turerum hitatate preic te quae doluptatem a consequi bero quibus.Solum volorio ratiatetur as idendi dollaborit aut re pore am eatureptate sa pa dest, te ex et inum ad quam hicipsum am, commodionsed etur aut omnist, nobis doles aceptist repudae. Pis core ducium quis aut eiciae moluptatisim ipsunt id et faccatio.

26

Dispose of used tissues

properly and immediately after use.

Stay at home

Wear a mask

If you have symptoms, stay home from work, school or crowded places.

Cover your nose and mouth with a mask when coughing & sneezing.

PROTECT YOURSELF

Wash hands

Take vaccine

Don’t touch

regularly with soap and water

at the medical center near your place

eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands

First attempts On the left, 'what is' section should be on the top.

'Symptoms' section was on the top of the right, but needed to come after 'protect yourself' section.

Transforming Stage

The overall structure of the poster

Swine Flu is dangerous

Left side ‣‣ What is swine flu? text: General information about swine flu graphic: Comparison table with seasonal flu ‣‣ Swine flu spreads rapidly

WHAT IS SWINE FLU?

YOU CAN PROTECT YOURSELF

From January 2015, swine flu is spreading throughout India.

Knowing about swine flu is urgent to protect yourself.

This disease epidemic is called swine flu, because in the past people those who caught it had direct contact with pigs. That changed several years ago, when a new virus emerged that spread among people who hadn’t been near pigs.

In 2009, swine flu was spreading fast around the world, so the World Health Organization called it a pandemic. Since then, people have continued to get sick from swine flu.

It is important to protect yourself from getting swine flu. It is like seasonal flu, but it can cause more serious health problems for some people. The best protection is taking a flu vaccine, or flu shot immediately.

SWINE FLU SPREADS RAPIDLY MAP KEY Circles are sized according to number of deaths and reported cases (January – March 2015) and are places at the center of Delhi (National Capital Region) and each state.

text: graphic:

Scale

Delhi

Step 1

Mild or high fever

5,000 people

Step 2

+

1,000 people 500 people

Gujarat

Color

Madhya Pradesh

Don’t touch your eyes, nose or mouth Do not touch eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands

Numbers of deaths

Headache Body pains Sore throat Cough Runny nose Vomiting Diarrhoea

Step 3

Go to a medical center immediately You should contact to Dr. Tel

Numbers of reported cases Maharashtra

YOU SHOULD PROTECT OTHERS

Telangana

Isotype method and a map

Casualties in the whole of India

33,761 cases

Karnataka

= 1,000 people

‣‣ You can protect yourself

Take a vaccine at a medical center near your place

Rajasthan

The numbers of casualties in India with

Right side

Take a vaccine

IF YOU HAVE FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS...

West India, January to March 2015

How fast swine flu is spreading in India

Wash your hands Wash your hands regularly with soap and water, Swine flu virus (Influenza A H1N1)

2,035 deaths

For only three months, the number of casualties has reached over 30,000 The swine flu outbreak in 2015 refers to an outbreak of the 2009 pandemic H1N1virus in India, which is still ongoing as of March 2015. The states of Gujarat and Rajasthan are the worst affected.

India had reported 937 cases and 218 deaths

from swine flu in the year 2014. By mid-February 2015, the reported cases and deaths in 2015 had surpassed the previous numbers. The total number of laboratory confirmed cases crossed 33,000 mark with death of more than 2,000 people, January to March 2015.

Stay at home

Wear a mask

If you have symptoms, stay home from work, school or crowded places.

Cover your nose and mouth with a mask when coughing and sneezing.

Dispose of used tissues

Dispose of used tissues properly and immediately after use.

text: How to avoid the infection with flu graphic: Instruction illustration

Swine Flu is dangerous ‣‣ If you have flu-like symptoms...

Check list of symptoms Medical doctor's name and phone number ‣‣ You should protect others text: How to avoid spreading flu

WHAT IS SWINE FLU?

YOU CAN PROTECT YOURSELF

From January 2015, swine flu is spreading throughout India.

Knowing about swine flu is urgent to protect yourself.

This disease epidemic is called swine flu, because in the past people those who caught it had direct contact with pigs. That changed several years ago, when a new virus emerged that spread among people who hadn’t been near pigs.

In 2009, swine flu was spreading fast around the world, so the World Health Organization called it a pandemic. Since then, people have continued to get sick from swine flu.

It is important to protect yourself from getting swine flu. It is like seasonal flu, but it can cause more serious health problems for some people. The best protection is taking a flu vaccine, or flu shot immediately.

Don’t touch your eyes, nose or mouth Do not touch eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands

Swine flu virus (Influenza A H1N1)

SWINE FLU SPREADS RAPIDLY MAP KEY Circles are sized according to number of deaths and reported cases (January – March 2015) and are places at the center of Delhi (National Capital Region) and each state.

Scale

Delhi

Mild or high fever

+

5,000 people 1,000 people 500 people

Rajasthan

Gujarat

Color

Madhya Pradesh

Take a vaccine Take a vaccine at a medical center near your place

IF YOU HAVE FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS...

West India, January to March 2015

graphic: Instruction illustration

Wash your hands Wash your hands regularly with soap and water,

Numbers of deaths

Headache Body pains Sore throat Cough Runny nose Vomiting Diarrhoea

Go to a medical center immediately You should contact to Dr. Tel

Numbers of reported cases Maharashtra

YOU SHOULD PROTECT OTHERS

Telangana

Casualties in the whole of India Karnataka

33,761 cases = 1,000 people

2,035 deaths

For only three months, the number of casualties has reached over 30,000 The swine flu outbreak in 2015 refers to an outbreak of the 2009 pandemic H1N1virus in India, which is still ongoing as of March 2015. The states of Gujarat and Rajasthan are the worst affected.

India had reported 937 cases and 218 deaths

from swine flu in the year 2014. By mid-February 2015, the reported cases and deaths in 2015 had surpassed the previous numbers. The total number of laboratory confirmed cases crossed 33,000 mark with death of more than 2,000 people, January to March 2015.

Stay at home

Wear a mask

If you have symptoms, stay home from work, school or crowded places.

Cover your nose and mouth with a mask when coughing and sneezing.

Dispose of used tissues

Dispose of used tissues properly and immediately after use.

27

contents

Making

1. Concept of the project 2. Text components 3. Grid specification 4. Infographic pieces a. Map b. Comparison table c. Total casualties in India d. Instruction infographics 5. Poster

28

Making Stage

1. Concept of the project

Poster for swine flu epidemic in India From January 2015, a swine flu epidemic has spread in India. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India has reported the total number of laboratory confirmed cases is more than 33,000 and deaths is more than 2,000 people, January to March 2015.

The aims of this project are to educate Indian people how swine flu is dangerous, what are the symptoms and how to protect themselves and others. intended audience and client As young people tend to be infected more than middleaged people, the intended audience is students in junior high and high schools in India. To distribute this poster to those schools, World Health Organization Community Office for India is the client.

29

Making Stage

2. Text components

Section heading Signo, Bold, 32 Intro text Signo, Bold italic, 17/21, C100, M52, Y60 Body text Century Schoolbook, Regular, 13/16

Key phrase Signo, Bold, 23/24

Subheading Signo, Bold, 23/24 Table text Signo, Regular, 11/14

30

WHAT IS SWINE FLU? From January 2015, swine flu is spreading throughout India.

Knowing about swine flu is important for protecting yourself This disease epidemic is called swine flu, because in the past people those who caught it had direct contact with pigs. That changed several years ago, when a new virus emerged that spread among people who hadn’t been near pigs.

Don’t touch your eyes, nose or mouth Differences between swine flu and seasonal flu 83 % of the deaths occurs in people between 5 –64, and under 24 years old people tend to be infected

Making Stage

3. Grid specification 60 pt

size

18 pt

60 pt

A2 Landscape 594 Ă— 420 mm

52 pt

margins Top margin: 52 pt Bottom margin: 52 pt Outside margin: 60 pt Inside margin: 60 pt 25 columns, gutter: 18 pt

420 mm

52 pt

594 mm

31

Use of grid

Swine Flu is dangerous WHAT IS SWINE FLU?

YOU CAN PROTECT YOURSELF

From January 2015, swine flu is spreading throughout India.

Knowing about swine flu is important for protecting yourself This disease epidemic is called swine flu, because in the past people those who caught it had direct contact with pigs. That changed several years ago, when a new virus emerged that spread among people who hadn’t been near pigs.

In 2009, swine flu was spreading fast around the world, so the World Health Organization called it a pandemic. Since then, people have continued to get sick from swine flu.

It is important to protect yourself from getting swine flu. It is like seasonal flu, but it can cause more serious health problems for some people.

The best protection is taking a flu vaccine, or flu shot immediately.

Differences between swine flu and seasonal flu Swine flu

Seasonal flu

Ages of patients

83 % of the deaths occurs in people between 5 –64, and under 24 years old people tend to be infected

90 % of the deaths occur in people over 65 years old

Serious infection

In some cases cells in the lungs are infected deeply: filling the lungs with fluid and impairing breathing

Mostly, people can recovery within 10 days

Immune response

Most people lack the immune response

People can develop the immune response after recovery

SWINE FLU SPREADS RAPIDLY

Don’t touch your eyes, nose or mouth Do not touch eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands

KEYS Circles are sized according to number of deaths and reported cases (January to March 2015) and are places at the center of Delhi (National Capital Region) and each state.

Scale

Delhi

Mild or high fever

5,000 people 1,000 people 500 people

Rajasthan

Color Gujarat

Numbers of deaths Numbers of reported cases

Maharashtra Telangana

Take a vaccine Take a vaccine at a medical center near your place

IF YOU HAVE FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS...

Outbreak in West India, January to March 2015

Madhya Pradesh

Wash your hands Wash your hands regularly with soap and water,

+

Headache Body pains Sore throat Cough Runny nose Vomiting Diarrhoea

Go to a medical center immediately!

You should contact to...

Dr. Tel

YOU SHOULD PROTECT OTHERS

1,000 people

Total casualties in India Karnataka

33,761 cases 2,035 deaths

For only three months, the number of infected people has reached over 33,000 The swine flu outbreak in 2015 refers to an outbreak of the 2009 pandemic H1N1virus in India, which is still ongoing as of March 2015. The states of Gujarat and Rajasthan are the worst affected.

India had reported 937 cases and 218 deaths from swine

32

flu in the year 2014. By mid-February 2015, the reported cases and deaths in 2015 had surpassed the previous numbers. The total number of laboratory confirmed cases crossed 33,000 mark with death of more than 2,000 people, January to March 2015.

Stay at home

Wear a mask

If you have symptoms, stay at home from work, school or crowded places.

Cover your nose and mouth with a mask when coughing and sneezing.

Dispose of used tissues

Dispose of used tissues properly and immediately after use.

Making Stage

4. Infographic pieces a. Map

KEYS Circles are sized according to number of deaths and reported cases (January – March 2015) and are places at the center of Delhi (National Capital Region) and each state.

Delhi

Scale

1,000 people 500 people

Rajasthan

Gujarat

Madhya Pradesh

5,000 people

Color

Numbers of deaths Numbers of reported cases

Maharashtra Telangana

Karnataka

33

Making Stage

b. Comparison table

d. Instruction infographics

Differences between swine flu and seasonal flu Swine flu

Seasonal flu

Ages of patients

83 % of the deaths occurs in people between 5 –64, and under 24 years old people tend to be infected

90 % of the deaths occur in people over 65 years old

Serious infection

In some cases cells in the lungs are infected deeply: filling the lungs with fluid and impairing breathing

Most people can recovery within 10 days

Immune response

Most people lack the immune response

People can develop the immune response after recovery

Don’t touch your eyes, nose or mouth

Stay at home

c. Total casualties in India Wash your hands

Wear a mask

1,000 people

Take a vaccine

34

Dispose of used tissues

Making Stage

5. Poster

35

Making Stage

Poster at school

36

Conclusions and further development In terms of the hierarchy of information, the use of gradation of orange works well. The audience would grasp what is the most important information.

Contacting with WHO in India would be helpful for understanding the epidemic more deeply and defining the audience more clearly because desktop research had a limitation to know the audience.

Acknowledgements Images of this report have been taken from various sources throughout the Internet. They have been used for visualization purposes only.

37