Creative communities by Mario Neve

| Creative communities |

People inventing sustainable ways of living

Edited by

ISBN: 978-88-87981-89-2 Â© 2007 Edizioni POLI.design First Edition: January 2007 via Durando 38/A â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 20158 Milano Tel. +39.02.2399.7206 Fax +39.02.2399.5970 edizioni.polidesign@polimi.it www.polidesign.net Editorial Staff Coordinator: Michela Pelizzari Art direction: Cristina Silva Graphic Designer: Cristina Silva Manuscript editor: Rachel Coad

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Translations: Rachel Coad No Derivative Works. =SY QE] RSX EPXIV XVERWJSVQ SV FYMPH YTSR XLMW [SVO Â&#x2C6; *SV ER] VIYWI SV HMWXVMFYXMSR ]SY QYWX QEOI GPIEV XS SXLIVW XLI PMGIRGI XIVQW SJ XLMW [SVO Â&#x2C6; %R] SJ XLIWI GSRHMXMSRW GER FI [EMZIH MJ ]SY KIX TIVQMWWMSR JVSQ XLI GST]VMKLX LSPHIV Your fair use and other rights are in no way affected by the above. This is a human-readable summary of the Legal Code (the full licence: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/legalcode).

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k r TVSKVIWWS 1EWWMQS 6M^Ê *IHIVMGE 7SVFM 'SQYRI 7 (SREXS 1MPERIWI 0YMKM 8SQEWWS &ERGE HIP 8IQTS 1EVMS :MXMIPPS +%7 ,EVVM 2MYOOERIR /EVM ,SROERIR 8]} 8SMQMRXE 6SFIVX ;LMXI :IWE 4IMTMRIR 7MPZME 1SHMK 3VERWWM 9YWM 8YYPM V] 3 *MRPERH V] 1EVOOY 1mOIPm 0EVW 6IPERHIV 7]QTXSQ (MWXVMFYXMSR .YYWS .YYXMPEMRIR .SSREW :IV[MNRIR 0MFIVXq )ZIPMMRE 4}]L}RIR 4mMZM 8ELOSOEPPMS 78%/)7 %PIOWM 2IYZSRIR (IQSW %PI\ 2MIQMRIR (MVIGXMSR ,IPWMROM 1MOOS 7]VmRIR 1EVM ,NIPX +EME +VSYT 1EVOOY ;MPIRMYW *MRPERH *YXYVIW 6IWIEVGL 'IRXVI /EVM ,ERW /SQQSRIR 1IHME0EF 3YXM 4IPXSRIR 0MZI (IWMKR 8IVLM 0MRHUZMWX 1EVXXEPMMXXS 4EZIP %RXSRSZ 1IPMXE 6SKIPN 7MQSR 1MPXSR 'IRXVI HÂ«)\TVIWWMSR IX HI 'VqEXMZMXq HIW %XIPMIVW HI PE 6YI :SSX )QMPMI 0IQEMVI +SPMEXL (]rZVI 1MPEQIQ %FHIVEQERI (MPPEL 'EWIW WXYHMIW EYXLSVW =ERMGO %EVWIR 1MPEQIQ %FHIVEQERI (MPPEL 1EVMS %PSM *PSVIRGI %RHVI[W &IKYQ %VWIZIR 0YMKM &SMSGGLM 0YGEW &SW +VÎKSV^ 'LSPI[MEO %PIWWERHVE 'MEQTEPMRM 6S] (EQKVEZI %RHVIEW (IYXWGL )QMPME (SYOE +SPMEXL (]rZVI (MHIQ )VGM]IW %XIW )VKMR +IVQER )WTMRSÊ 7EFMRE *VERGY^ 'EVPS *VMWEVHM 1EVXE +MERMKLMER %HVMERS +MERRMRM 1MRI +SOGI 3ÔE]REO %RRNSWITLMRI ,EVXSNS 8IYR ,IIWXIVFIIO 'LVMW ,IKIV 1MVS ,SPSTEMRIR 6MGO ,}PWKIRW 2IPWSR -WWE iPPI .ILI 7^SRNE /EHEV /mXPMR /ERKYV 0MRHWE] /IR^MK (SQMRMOE /SRMIGÔS[WOE .YWWYJ /STEPMX 1EVMW /SVVSP 2EXEPME /SXPNEVSZE )QMIP 0EKEVHI 2EXEPMI 0EQFIVX )QQ] 0EVWWSR )VMG 0IQEVIWUYMIV %VMERRE 1EHMSXXS %RE 1EME 8EXY 1EVXXMPE *PSSV 1EXXLIMNWWIR )PZMW 1IRIKLIP 1EKHEPIRE 1MWEGÎO 1EVMIOI 1SIVQER /mVX 3NEZII %LQIX 3ÊR 7IRIV )HYEVHS 7XEW^S[WOM -ZS 7XY]JÊRH (EZMHI 2EZE &EVX 2MNWWIR 0YGE 4IPYWS 1EVMNR 4IXIVW 6]WÊVH 4SRMIH^MEPIO 0MMRE /EM 6EMZIX .SIP 6IRI %RRE 6SSQIX (MGO 6YXXIR 0YM^ ,IRVMUYI 7k .YPME 7GLEITIV 8SQEW 7GLMIXIGEX 0EYVMI 7GLSPXIR &EVX 7QMX 0MPMER 7SOSPSZE .SERRI 8EYFIV %PI\ 8LSQEW /VMWXE 8LSQWSR )PE 8PYW^G^ )VMG 8SIVMRK .SVER ZER %EVH 6IQGS ZER HIR &VSIO 6SR ZER HIR 3Y[IRPERH ;MPPIOI ZER HIV 0MRHIR &VEQ ZER HIV :PMWX 1EEVXNI ZER HIV >ERHIR 1EVMIOI ZER 0MIQTH +MPPIW ZER ;ERVSSMN 1EXLMNW ZER ;MNRIR 2MOS :IKX )IPMOI :MVZI .YVKIR ;IWXIVLSJJ 7STLME ;IWX[MGO ;SYXIV ;MHHIVWLSZIR &EVFEVE ;MIV^FERS[WOE 1EXLMNW ;YPPIQW .SVMW >EEPFIVK 4EXVMGME >ETÂµ 'LMEVE >ETTEPk %RRE >EZEKRS 6EPTL >SSRXNIRW

| Creative communities |

with essays by Priya Bala Paolo Ciuccarelli Luisa Collina Bas de Leeuw François Jégou Helma Luiten Ezio Manzini Isabella Marras Anna Meroni Eivind Stø Pål Strandbakken Edina Vadovics

People inventing sustainable ways of living

with contributes from Liz Davis Ian Grout Simone Maase Cindy Kohtala Ruben Mnatsakanian

cases studies editor Doors of Perception

I Edited by Anna Meroni I

EMUDE _ Emerging User Demands for Sustainable Solutions

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´GMIRG] EGGIWWMFMPMX] ERH HMJJYWMSR 8LMW ´VWX FSSO JSGYWIW SR XLI TVIWIRXEXMSR SJ WSQI SJ XLIWI GEWIW ERH XLIMV TVSZMHIVW XLI GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW 8LI WIGSRH FSSO JSGYWIW SR XLI TSWWMFMPMX] SJ XLIWI GSQQYRMXMIW WYTTSVXIH F] HMJJIVIRX IREFPMRK W]WXIQW FIGSQMRK XLI HVMZIVW SJ RI[ [IPJEVI ERH E new model of local development. )QYHI [EW TVSQSXIH ERH HIZIPSTIH F] E 'SRWSVXMYQ SJ )YVSTIER YRMZIVWMXMIW ERH VIWIEVGL GIRXVIW -R SVHIV XS MHIRXMJ] TVSQMWMRK GEWIW MX WIX YT E RIX[SVO SJ SFWIVZIVW ORS[R EW %RXIRREW IRGSQTEWWMRK XIEQW SJ VIWIEVGLIVW ERH WXYHIRXW JVSQ )YVSTIER HIWMKR WGLSSPW [LS EGXIH EW researchers and disseminators of Emude findings both inside and outside their own institutions.

Consortium 4SPMXIGRMGS HM 1MPERS -2(%'3 (ITEVXQIRX ¦ GS SVHMREXSV 2EXMSREP -RWXMXYXI JSV 'SRWYQIV 6IWIEVGL 7-*3 2IXLIVPERHW 3VKERMWEXMSR JSV %TTPMIH 7GMIRXM´G 6IWIEVGL 823 7XVEXIKMG (IWMKR 7GIREVMSW 7(7 Doors of Perception Philips Design .SMRX 6IWIEVGL 'IRXVI -RWXMXYXI JSV 4VSWTIGXMZI 8IGLRSPSKMGEP 7XYHMIW .6' -487 'IRXVEP )YVSTIER 9RMZIVWMX] &YHETIWX *YRHEXMSR ')9 'SRWYQIVW -RXIVREXMSREP '9RMXIH 2EXMSRW )RZMVSRQIRX 4VSKVEQQI 92)4 (8-)

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Bas de Leeuw UNEP

The Power of Individuals Working Together

Scientific datE GSQQSR WIRWI ERH MRXYMXMSR LEZI XSPH YW JSV PSRK XLEX QSVI RIIHW to be done in order to achieve sustainable consumption and production patterns. +SZIVRQIRXW FYWMRIWW VIWIEVGLIVW ERH GMZMP WSGMIX] EVI XEOMRK EGXMSR ;LMPI XLI] EVI QEOMRK XLIMV TPERW VYRRMRK XLIMV TVSNIGXW ERH HMWGYWWMRK XLI VIWYPXW EGLMIZIH XLI] EPP ORS[ XLEX XLI] RIIH XS HS FIXXIV 8LI GEPP SJ XLI WXVIIX ERH XLI GEPP SJ XLI ;SVPH 7YQQMX SR 7YWXEMREFPI (IZIPSTQIRX LIPH MR .SLERRIWFYVK MR EVI FIMRK LIEVH MR XLI FSEVH ERH QIIXMRK VSSQW 7YWXEMREFPI WSPYXMSRW EVI WPS[P] QEOMRK XLIMV [E] YT XS IRXIV QEMRWXVIEQ HIGMWMSR QEOMRK TVSGIWWIW SJ FYWMRIWW KSZIVRQIRXW and individuals. )ZIV]FSH] LEW XLI TS[IV XS EGX /S´ %RRER SRGI WEMH ¨7YWXEMREFPI GSRWYQTXMSR MW about the power of individuals”. The choices of everyone determine consumption TEXXIVRW TVSHYGXMSR TEXXIVRW XLI HIKVEHEXMSR SJ REXYVEP VIWSYVGIW TSPPYXMSR ERH social progress. The sum total of trillions of individual choices in millions of life G]GPIW SJ TVSHYGXW ERH WIVZMGIW MW [LEX [I EVI XEPOMRK EFSYX [LIR VIµIGXMRK SR sustainable development. 4ISTPI EVI WYVIP] HSMRK XLIMV FMX 1ER] [ERX XS QEOI E HMJJIVIRGI FI MX SRP] F] FY]MRK SVKERMG ETTPIW SV JEMV XVEHI GSJJII MR XLI WYTIVQEVOIX 4ISTPI NSMR [EWXI VIG]GPMRK ERH IRIVK] WEZMRK WGLIQIW 3XLIVW XEOI XS XLI WXVIIX SV SVKERM^I QEWW KEXLIVMRKW MR ER IJJSVX XS [EOI YT WSGMIX] 7SQI MRHMZMHYEPW EVI WXEVXMRK XS I\TPSVI RI[ W]WXIQW XS [SVO ERH PMZI XSKIXLIV They organize their own lives differently. They act. They show by doing that there EVI SXLIV [E]W XS PMZI E KSSH PMJI [MXLSYX EX XLI WEQI XMQI XLVIEXIRMRK REXYVI SXLIV people or their own inner peace. 8LIWI TISTPI LEZI FIIR XLI SFNIGX SJ MRZIWXMKEXMSR SJ XLI )19() TVSNIGX 8LIMV TVSNIGXW LEZI FIIR GSPPIGXIH MR XLMW FSSO MR XLI JSVQ SJ IEWMP] EGGIWWMFPI ERH LMKLP] MRWTMVMRK ¨GEWI WXYHMIW© -X KMZIW YW KPSFEP TSPMG] QEOIVW SR WYWXEMREFPI consumption and production - an opportunity to learn from their common success factors and to be alerted to cross-cutting obstacles they encountered. It will help YW XS HIZIPST MRMXMEXI ERH XIWX RI[ TSPMGMIW EMQIH EX IREFPMRK ERH IQTS[IVMRK individuals or “creative communities” to do better and to do more.

*SV 92)4 ERH MRHMZMHYEP KSZIVRQIRXW [LS EVI [SVOMRK XSKIXLIV MR XLI 1EVVEOIGL 4VSGIWW [LMGL EMQW EX HIZIPSTMRK E XIR ]IEV JVEQI[SVO SJ MRMXMEXMZIW SR WYWXEMREFPI GSRWYQTXMSR ERH TVSHYGXMSR XLI PIWWSRW SJ )19() [MPP RIIH XS FI XVERWPEXIH MRXS VIGSQQIRHEXMSRW ;LIVI GER VIKYPEXMSRW ´RERGMEP MRWXVYQIRXW ERH ZSPYRXEV] initiatives help to inspire more creativity? And where can they help remove practical obstacles that hinder progress? 8LI )19() TVSNIGX LEW JSGYWIH SR )YVSTI ERH GER SRP] LMRX EX XLI I\MWXIRGI SJ creative communities in developing countries. The existence of creative communities MR FSXL XLI YTTIV ERH QMHHPI GPEWW WIKQIRXW SJ HIZIPSTMRK GSYRXVMIW ERH SJ XLSWI EQSRK XLI TSSV FSXL MR GMXMIW ERH MR VYVEP EVIEW MW YRHSYFXIHP] ER EVIE XLEX HIWIVZIW JYVXLIV VIWIEVGL 9RPSGOMRK XLMW PEVKIP] YRXETTIH TSXIRXMEP MW ZMXEP JSV E XVYP] [SVPH[MHI QSFMPM^EXMSR SJ GVIEXMZMX] [LMGL MW WS HIWTIVEXIP] RIIHIH JSV achieving sustainable development. )EVPMIV [SVO SJ 92)4 LEW VIZIEPIH XLEX XLI +PSFEP 'SRWYQIV 'PEWW MRGPYHMRK XLI Global South) increasingly shares the same consumption patterns around the world. ¨%PP - [ERRE HS MW LEZI WSQI JYR - KSX E JIIPMRK -«Q RSX XLI SRP] SRI© 7LIV]P 'VS[ GER FI LIEVH MR 14 TPE]IVW MR 8SO]S 7ES 4EYPS 7]HRI] 4EVMW 'ETI 8S[R ERH 2I[ =SVO 8LI GSRWYQIV WSGMIX] MW LIVI XS WXE] &YX XLIWI GSRWYQIVW EPWS LEZI WMQMPEV ideals. They want to get rid of pollution and stop violence and they really hold that everyone is equal and deserves the same chances. Creative communities exist IZIV][LIVI ERH QE] RSX HMJJIV KVIEXP] LIRGI SJJIVMRK TPIRX] SJ WGSTI JSV PIEVRMRK from each other. 8LI ZEWX QENSVMX] SJ XLI [SVPH«W TSTYPEXMSR LEW XS WXVYKKPI XS WYVZMZI SR E HEMP] FEWMW /PEYW 8SITJIV WEMH ¨;I WLSYPH RSX FI EJVEMH XS [MWL XLEX IZIV]SRI MR the world became a consumer. The poor need more than food and shelter. They YPXMQEXIP] RIIH XS FI EFPI XS QEOI GLSMGIW JSV XLIMV QEXIVMEP ERH MQQEXIVMEP [IPP FIMRK © 'SRRIGXMRK XLI TSSV XS XLI [SVPH«W KVMH SJ GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW MW GIVXEMRP] TEVX SJ XLEX IRSVQSYW XEWO 8LI] WLSYPH FIGSQI GSRWYQIVW ERH XLI] WLSYPH become producers. 8LMW FSSO WLS[W GEWIW XIPPW WXSVMIW ERH JSVQYPEXIW ZMWMSRW ERH XLI FIKMRRMRK SJ XLISVMIW -X MW EFSYX MRHMZMHYEPW MX MW EFSYX [SVOMRK XSKIXLIV ERH MX [MPP PIEH XS RI[ QEVOIXW ERH XSSPW 0IX MX FI E VMGL WSYVGI SJ MRWTMVEXMSR JSV XLSWI VIEHIVW [LS EVI [MPPMRK XS STIR XLIMV LIEVX XS FI GYVMSYW ERH XS XLMRO HMJJIVIRXP]

8LI )19() TVSNIGX LEW VIZIEPIH XLI I\MWXIRGI SJ ER MQTSVXERX HVMZIV JSV WYWXEMREFPI MRRSZEXMSR KVSYTW SJ MRHMZMHYEP GMXM^IRW XLMROMRK SYX SJ XLI FS\ 7IXXMRK XLI GSRHMXMSRW JSV VITPMGEXMSR SJ XLIMV TVSNIGXW QMKLX MRHIIH FI E GLEPPIRKMRK XEWO ELIEH 4EVMW 1EVGL for governments worldwide. And those engaged in exploring new structures of civil WSGMIX] WLSYPH EPWS GEVIJYPP] VIEH XLI VMGL GSRXIRXW SJ XLMW FSSO 8LI QEVOIX MXWIPJ MW RSVQEPP] UYMXI EPIVX ERH TS[IVJYP MR TMGOMRK YT RI[ MHIEW TVSHYGXW ERH WIVZMGIW JSV [LMGL E RIIH I\MWXW ;I [MPP WII QER] GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW XVERWJSVQMRK XLIQWIPZIW MRXS WYWXEMREFPI IRXVITVIRIYVW LIPTMRK XLI FYWMRIWW GSQQYRMX] XS GVIEXI globalisation with a human face.

07 Introduction 09 Anna Meroni Introduction 12 Ezio Manzini A laboratory of ideas. Diffuse creativity and new ways of doing

Cases Housing 18 Eating 48 Commuting 74 Working 92 Learning 104 Socialising 120

142

Reflections 143 Pål Strandbakken, Eivind Stø Utopian by design and/or by coincidence? 147 Isabella Marras European creative communities and the “Global South” 151 Edina Vadovics with contributions from Ruben Mnatsakanian Emerging creative and sustainable solutions in Central Eastern Europe 153 Helma Luiten Replication of the cases: environmental considerations and technological demands

158

Annex 161 Luisa Collina The network of schools + contributions from schools 166 Anna Meroni and François Jégou The ethnographic approach 172 Paolo Ciuccarelli The Promising Cases Repository: using ICT for supporting research activities

178

Authors’ biographies

180

Antennas: the network of school

Anna Meroni Politecnico di Milano

Introduction 'VIEXMZMX] MW XLI HMWTSWMXMSR SJ XLSYKLX ERH FILEZMSYV XLEX IREFPIW YW XS MQEKMRI ERH TYX MRXS TVEGXMGI WYGL WSPYXMSRW EW XMQI FEROW LSQI RYVWIV] TPE]KVSYTW GEV WLEVMRK IXLMGEP TYVGLEWMRK KVSYTW TVSHYGIV QEVOIXW WIPJ LIPT KVSYTW JSV XLI IPHIVP] WLEVIH KEVHIRW IGS WYWXEMREFPI ZMPPEKIW ZIKIXEFPI KEVHIRW MR TEVOW [IFPSKW GS LSYWMRK RIMKLFSYVLSSH WIPJ QEREKIQIRX LSQI VIWXEYVERXW PSGEP QMGVS PSKMWXMGW GSQQYRMX] WYTTSVXIH EKVMGYPXYVI XSSP I\GLERKI IPIGXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW WQEPP TVSHYGIV RIX[SVOW

Creativity on the field 8LMW FSSO HSIW RSX WIX SYX XS KMZI ]IX ERSXLIV XLISVIXMGEP HI´RMXMSR SJ GVIEXMZMX] -RWXIEH MX WIIOW XS HI´RI GVIEXMZMX] XLVSYKL E WIVMIW SJ MRRSZEXMZI VIWTSRWIW XS XLI ZEVMSYW TVSFPIQW XLEX IQIVKI MR IZIV]HE] PMJI SV VEXLIV XLVSYKL XLI VIWYPXW SJ XLIWI SR XLI ´IPH 7S XLI GVIEXMZMX] [I EVI XEPOMRK EFSYX MW SR XLI ´IPH GVIEXMZMX] ERH XLIVIJSVI MRRSZEXMSR XVMKKIVIH F] XLI VIEP GSRXI\X SJ RIIHW VIWSYVGIW TVMRGMTPIW ERH GETEFMPMXMIW 8LIWI VIWTSRWIW EVI TVIWIRXIH MR XLI FSSO MR XLI JSVQ SJ GEWI WXYHMIW XLEX EVI RSX SRP] MRXIVIWXMRK FIGEYWI XLI] EVI MRRSZEXMZI FYX XLI] EVI EPWS EIWXLIXMGEPP] ¨FIEYXMJYP© XLIVI MW WSQIXLMRK MR XLI [E] XLI] ETTIEV XLEX MRZSOIW TSWMXMZI IQSXMSRW ERH VIGEPPW XLI straightforward aesthetics of the useful. They are beautiful because they are colourful and they are authentically and surprisingly creative. They express vitality and spirit of initiative: XLI] EVI XLI YRXLMROEFPI QEHI TSWWMFPI XLI EPXIVREXMZI KIXXMRK MXWIPJ MRXS [SVOMRK SVHIV And these cases are also “good”: whether intentionally or by coincidence (cf. essay by 7XVERHFEOOIR 7X XLI] TVSTSWI WSPYXMSRW MR [LMGL MRHMZMHYEP MRXIVIWXW GSRZIVKI [MXL XLSWI SJ WSGMIX] ERH XLI IRZMVSRQIRX GVIEXMRK GSRHMXMSRW JSV E QSVI WEXMWJ]MRK YWI SJ VIWSYVGIW

LYQER IRZMVSRQIRXEP ERH IGSRSQMG [LMGL VIWXSVIW SV FIWXS[W QIERMRK ERH ZEPYI XS everyday activities and therefore seems promising as a transition towards sustainability (cf. essay by Manzini). %PP MR EPP XLIWI WSPYXMSRW NYWX ETTIEP XS SYV JERG] XLSWI [LS TYX XLIQ JSV[EVH EVI WSQIXMQIW IRXLYWMEWXMG HVIEQIVW ERH WSQIXMQIW WMQTP] MRHMZMHYEPW QSXMZEXIH F] TVEGXMGEP YVKIRG] FYX XLI] EVI EP[E]W WEXMW´IH [MXL XLIMV S[R MRMXMEXMZI ERH QSZIH XS YRXMVMRK MRGIWWERX EGXMZMX] *VSQ SYXWMHI WYGL MRHYWXVMSYWRIWW ETTIEVW MRGVIHMFP] HIQERHMRK ERH SJXIR MX MW WS ,S[IZIV MX [EW MRXIVIWXMRK XS HMWGSZIV XLEX TVIGMWIP] MR [LEX XS YW PSSOW PMOI JEXMKYI PMIW E KSSH TEVX of the deeper quality that our creative communities attribute to their activities. So it is not JEXMKYI FYX UYEPMX] SJ I\TIVMIRGI TPIEWYVI MR VIPEXMSRWLMT TPIEWYVI MR HSMRK VIGSZIV] SJ E sense of togetherness and a source of real satisfaction. This aspect of quality of experience would go unnoticed if the systems in question were not SFWIVZIH GPSWI LERH SV FIXXIV WXMPP JVSQ ¨MRWMHI© 2S[ XLEX [I LEZI GSQTPIXIH SYV VIWIEVGL [I GER WE] XLEX [LIXLIV F] MRXYMXMSR SV I\TIVMIRGI XLI ETTVSEGL [I GLSWI JSV SYV GEWI study proved to be the right one precisely because these aspects were brought to light.

&VMIµ] [I GLSWI SR XLI ´IPH VIWIEVGL YWMRK E UYEWM IXLRSKVETLMGEP QIXLSH % WM^IEFPI KVSYT of young “creatives by profession”: designers (students from 8 design schools in different )YVSTIER GSYRXVMIW EVQIH [MXL RSXIFSSO ERH GEQIVE HIWGIRHIH SR XLI TPEGIW QIX TISTPI MRXIVZMI[IH TVSQSXIVW ERH YWIVW SJXIR XVMIH SYX WIVZMGIW GSPPIGXIH MRJSVQEXMSR 8LMW [EW E HIQERHMRK EGXMZMX] FYX JEV QSVI WEXMWJ]MRK XLER HIWO VIWIEVGL

Ordinary people? -X«W WYVTVMWMRK XS WII LS[ QER] ETTEVIRXP] ¨SVHMREV] TISTPI© EVI EFPI XS QEOI XLI I\XVESVHMREV] TSWWMFPI MJ KMZIR XLI STTSVXYRMX] (YVMRK XLI GSYVWI SJ SYV VIWIEVGL [I LEZI SJXIR GEPPIH XLIWI TISTPI ¨LIVSIW© SJ IZIV]HE] PMJI -J ]SY LIEV XLIQ XEPO XLIWI TISTPI KMZI RS LMRX SJ XLI HMJ´GYPX] SJ XLIMV EGXMSRW VEXLIV XLI] WIIQ XS HS XLI QSWX YRYWYEP XLMRKW UYMXI RSVQEPP] 4VSFEFP] XLIMV XVYI LIVSMWQ PMIW LIVI ;LEX [I LEZI YRHIVWXSSH EFSYX XLIQ MW XLEX GSQQYRMX] WTMVMX MW XLI WIGVIX XLEX QSZIW XLIQ ERH JYIPW XLIMV EGXMSRW GSQQYRMX] FSXL MR XIVQW SJ XLI KVSYT XLEX WYTTSVXW WLEVIW ERH VIGSKRMWIW XLI ZEPYI SJ [LEX XLI] EVI HSMRK ERH MR XIVQW SJ XLI WIRWI SJ XSKIXLIVRIWW XLI] EWTMVI XS 7S MX MW MR XLI GSQQYRMX] SV MR community as a goal that the creative character of our heroes becomes fully apparent. %RH WS [I GSQI XS ERSXLIV OI] TSMRX MR SYV EVKYQIRX XLMW FSSO WIIOW XS HIFYRO WSQI SJ XLI GPMGLqW EFSYX GVIEXMZMX] ERH TEVXMGYPEVP] XLEX MX MW XLI HSQEMR SJ TVSJIWWMSREPW 3YV LIVSIW EVI RSX ¨TVSJIWWMSREP© GVIEXMZIW RIMXLIV EVI XLI] QIQFIVW SJ E WSGMEP IPMXI MRZIWXIH [MXL MRWXMXYXMSREP VSPIW XLI] EVI JSV[EVH PSSOMRK TISTPI GETEFPI SJ WLEVMRK XLIMV ZMWMSR [MXL SXLIVW -J ER]XLMRK XLI] EVI ¨TVSJIWWMSREPW SJ XLI IZIV]HE]© VYR SJ XLI QMPP TISTPI [MXL VYR SJ XLI QMPP TVSFPIQW VERKMRK JVSQ GEVI SJ XLI IPHIVP] XS GLMPHGEVI JVSQ XLI YTOIIT SJ XLI LSQI XS XLI TYVGLEWI SJ JSSH ERH LSYWILSPH KSSHW FYX EX XLI WEQI XMQI XLI] EVI HMJJIVIRX FIGEYWI XLI] EVI EFPI XS WII ERH JEGI XLIWI TVSFPIQW MR E ¨WPMKLXP] GVE^]© EYXLIRXMGEPP] ¨GVIEXMZI© [E] going beyond the obviousness of dominant ideas about how such problems are “normally” VIWSPZIH -R WLSVX XLI] GLEPPIRKI [LEX MW XEOIR JSV KVERXIH ERH XLMRO TVSZSGEXMZIP] EHSTXMRK MR HSMRK WS SRI SJ XLI ¨XIGLRMUYIW© TYX JSV[EVH F] XLI KYVY SJ GVIEXMZI XLMROMRK ¨ 0EXIVEP XLMROMRK© WE]W )H[EVH HI &SRS ¨WIIQW GPSWI XS QEHRIWW XS XLI I\XIRH F] [LMGL MX HMWXERGIW itself from the rules of logic...”. -R [LEX I\EGXP] HSIW XLI GVIEXMZMX] SJ XLIWI GSQQYRMXMIW ERH XLI MRRSZEXMSRW XLI] KIRIVEXI

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spirit (and courage). ;I GERRSX ORS[ I\EGXP] [LIVI XLI MHIEW FILMRH XLIWI WSPYXMSRW GEQI JVSQ FYX JVSQ MRXIVZMI[W [MXL XLIMV SVKERMWIVW [I YRHIVWXERH XLEX QSVI SJXIR XLER RSX XLIVI MW RS QSVI XLER E TVSFPIQEXMGEP GSRXI\X FILMRH XLIQ XS [LMGL TISTPI LEZI VIWTSRHIH REXYVEPP] MR XLIMV S[R [E] 3J GSYVWI TVMRGMTPIW MHISPSK] FIPMIJW ERH WTIGM´G I\TIVMIRGI LEZI SJXIR GSRXVMFYXIH XS E GSRWMHIVEFPI I\XIRX FYX JSV IZIV]FSH] EX XLI FEWI SJ IZIV]XLMRK [EW XLI [MPP XS RSX NYWX EGGITX XLI [E] XLMRKW LEH EP[E]W FIIR WIIR ERH HSRI FYX XS PSSO FI]SRH XLI XVEHMXMSREP SVKERMWEXMSR SJ IZIV]HE] PMJI MRXIVTVIXMRK PMQMXW EW STTSVXYRMXMIW PMQMXEXMSRW EW WXMQYPM ERH TISTPI [MXLSYX I\GITXMSR EW VIWSYVGIW 4W]GLSPSK] XIEGLIW YW XLEX XS EGXMZEXI GVIEXMZMX] MX MW RSX IRSYKL XLEX XLIVI MW E TVSFPIQ XS resolve. It is essential that the individual perceives a discordance between his own way of acting and interpreting reality and that of the social system he is part of (Inghilleri 2003). In SXLIV [SVHW LI QYWX LEZI E ZMWMSR SJ LS[ XLMRKW GSYPH KS FI WYJ´GMIRXP] QSXMZEXIH XS JSPPS[ MX ERH JIIP EFPI XS HS WS EPSRI SV [MXL XLI WYTTSVX SJ SXLIVW -R WLSVX MX MW IWWIRXMEP XS FI MQEKMREXMZI HIXIVQMRIH ERH WIPJ GSR´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´RHMRK XLEX XLI MQTSWWMFPI GER FI TSWWMFPI MJ [I WXEVX XLMROMRK MX MW 8LI GSYVEKI PE] MR EGXMRK SZIVGSQMRK XLI MRIVXME SJ PMZMRK MR GSRHMXMSRW XLEX EVI RSX VIEPP] satisfactory but that are apparently easier and undoubtedly less demanding. The discovery was XLEX XLI UYEPMX] SJ PMJI HSIW RSX SRP] PMI MR XLI VIWYPXW SFXEMRIH FYX MR XLI [E] SJ HSMRK XLMRKW MX MW TSWWMFPI XS EGX MR E WMXYEXMSR HVMZIR SRP] F] XLI HIWMVI XS FI SV XLI IRNS]QIRX SJ FIMRK there and for the pleasure of doing something we are able to do. 8LI ZEVMIKEXIH ERH QYPXMJSVQ GSPPIGXMSR SJ GEWIW TVIWIRXIH MR XLMW FSSO IEGL GLEVEGXIVMWIH F] E PIWWIV SV KVIEXIV MRZIRXMSR XIPPW YW SJ E HMJJIVIRX [E] SJ MRXIVTVIXMRK UYEPMX] SJ PMJI EWWSGMEXIH [MXL TVSEGXMZI FILEZMSYV [MXL HIGMWMSR QEOMRK [MXL E HMJJYWI XIRHIRG] XS MRRSZEXMZI EGXMSR bringing to the forefront what is an innate potential in every human being: creativity.

Happy to do 7SGMEP TW]GLSPSK] YTLSPHW XLEX MR VMGL GSYRXVMIW MR WTMXI SJ QEXIVMEPMWX TVIWWYVI WYFNIGXMZI well-being is related to a belief in interpersonal relationships: the capacity to bring people XSKIXLIV EVSYRH ER MHIE XS KIX TISTPI QSZMRK XS KIX XSKIXLIV XS VIWSPZI E TVSFPIQ EPP SJ which are characteristics that are clearly expressed by creative communities. They are therefore

a way of building community values and also of instilling a sense of personal well-being. ,IVI [I [MWL XS YRHIVPMRI XLEX ER EXXMXYHI SJ XLMW OMRH MW [MXLMR XLI VIEGL SJ IZIV]FSH] MX HSIW RSX GSRGIVR SRP] PEVKI IRXIVTVMWI FYX EPWS HEMP] EGXMZMXMIW ERH MX SGGYVW [LIR [I WXST WIIMRK ourselves as “consumers” and discover that we are able to determine our own lives. 7IPJ HIXIVQMREXMSR SYV JVII GLSMGI XS HS WSQIXLMRK ERH VIEPP] JIIP XLEX [I EVI GLERKMRK SYV WMXYEXMSR FVMRKW KIRYMRI WEXMWJEGXMSR ERH WIPJ JYP´PQIRX FYX XS FVMRK XLIWI WSPYXMSRW EFSYX ERH OIIT XLIQ KSMRK VIUYMVIW E LIEZ] MRZIWXQIRX SJ IRIVK] F] XLI GSQQYRMX] 7S MJ TISTPI EVI XS OIIT MRZIWXMRK XMQI EXXIRXMSR ERH IRXLYWMEWQ WYGL WSPYXMSRW QYWX KMZI VMWI XS KSSH TSWMXMZI WYFNIGXMZI I\TIVMIRGIW ;LEX I\TIVMIRGIW EVI [I XEPOMRK EFSYX# 3RGI EKEMR XLMW FSSO WIIOW XS QEOI UYEPMXMIW IZMHIRX XLEX EVI RSX EX EPP SFZMSYW MR XLI QIERMRK ERH WYFNIGXMZI ZEPYI SJ VIPEXMSRWLMTW [MXL TISTPI ERH EVXIJEGXW 3J GSYVWI RSX IZIR MR XLMW GEWI MW MX TSWWMFPI XS KIRIVEPMWI FYX [I GER WE] SR XLI FEWMW SJ SYV ´RHMRKW XLEX JSV E KVS[MRK RYQFIV SJ MRHMZMHYEPW XLI UYEPMX] SJ XLI I\TIVMIRGI PMIW MR XLI JEXMKYI [I [IVI XEPOMRK EFSYX XLI IJJSVX SJ EGLMIZMRK E VIWYPX RSX SRP] MR XLI VIWYPX MXWIPJ ERH XLI VMGLRIWW PMIW MR XLI unfolding of convivial social relationships. 0EXSYGLI RSXIW XLEX XS FVMRK EFSYX XLMW OMRH SJ I\TIVMIRGI WSQI WSGMEP KVSYTW implement “relational strategies” that contrast with current development logic and contemplate XLI QSWX JEV JIXGLIH IGSRSQMG EGXMZMXMIW RSX SV XS E PIWWIV I\XIRX TVSJIWWMSREP FYX FEWIH SR XLI ¨EVX SJ QEOMRK HS© %R EVX XLEX ´RHW I\TVIWWMSR MR XLI JSVQEXMSR SJ MRRSZEXMZI WSGMEP IGSRSQMG ERH [SVO RIX[SVOW XLEX GSVVIWTSRH XS [LEX [I GEPP HMJJYWI GVIEXMZMX] MR IZIV]HE] PMJI 8LIWI RIX[SVOMRK VIPEXMSREP WXVEXIKMIW TVIWYTTSWI ER EGXMZI [E] SJ MRXIVTVIXMRK XLI WIVZMGIW [LIVI XLI VSPIW SJ GPMIRX ERH TVSHYGIV SJ YWIV ERH TVSZMHIV QIVKI MR XLI GS GVIEXMSR SJ ZEPYI and benefit. In this way we have solutions that are not only innovative in terms of their idea SJ [LS [MPP ERH LS[ XS XEOI GLEVKI SJ VIWSPZMRK TVSFPIQW FYX EVI EPWS MRRSZEXMZI FIGEYWI FEWIH SR XLI TVMRGMTPI SJ GSPPEFSVEXMZI RIX[SVOMRK FIX[IIR WIZIVEP MRHMZMHYEPW MR ER IGSRSQ] of reciprocity. Such solutions that can be defined as co-products or open products in technical HIWMKR PERKYEKI 'SXXEQ 0IEHFIXXIV QIERMRK XLEX XLI] GER SRP] FI GSQTPIXIH F] XLI contribution and participation of all involved. Creative communities tell us that the value of GS GVIEXMSR PMIW RSX SRP] MR XLI IGSRSQMG EHZERXEKI XLEX XLI] WSQIXMQIW IREFPI YW XS EGLMIZI but also and above all in the fact that contributing to the achievement of a result leads to IQSXMSREP MRZSPZIQIRX ERH E TVSJSYRH PSRK PEWXMRK WLEVMRK SJ EMQW ERH QIERW %REPSKSYWP] WXEXMWXMGW XIPP YW XLEX TISTPI [LS JIIP XLI] TPE] ER EGXMZI TEVX MR E WSGMEP RIX[SVO EVI YWYEPP] healthier than people who are isolated. 7S [I GER GSRGPYHI XLEX MR WTMXI SJ XLI KVIEXIV IRIVK] MRZIWXQIRX VIUYMVIH F] XLI TISTPI MRZSPZIH RIX[SVOMRK VIPEXMSREP WXVEXIKMIW LEZI XLI HYEP EHZERXEKI SJ FIMRK EFPI XS TVSHYGI TSWMXMZI QIERMRKJYP I\TIVMIRGIW FSXL JSV XLI GSQQYRMX] ERH JSV XLI MRHMZMHYEP

Beautiful and possible %PXLSYKL [I LEZI WIZIVEP XMQIW XEPOIH SJ ¨LIVSIW© [LIR VIJIVVMRK XS XLI SVKERMWIVW SJ XLI WSPYXMSRW TVIWIRXIH MR XLMW FSSO [I [MWL XS GSRGPYHI XLEX MX MW RSX RIGIWWEV] XS FI WYGL XS PMZI FIXXIV GSRWYQMRK PIWW ERH KIRIVEXMRK WSGMEPMX] )J´GMIRG] WEZMRK VIWSYVGIW VIWTIGXMRK XLI IRZMVSRQIRX ERH GVIEXMRK FSRHW SJ WSPMHEVMX] TVSZI XS FI EHZERXEKISYW MR IZIV] WIRWI not only in terms of value options but also in terms of general convenience dictated by GSQQSR WIRWI ERH RIGIWWMX] GJ IWWE]W F] 7XVERHFEOOIR 7X I HM 0YMXIR .YWX EW JSV UYEPMX] SJ MRHMZMHYEP I\TIVMIRGI XLI IJJSVX XS MQTPIQIRX ZMVXYSYW TVEGXMGIW XS WEZI VIWSYVGIW GER KMZI

VMWI FSXL XS MQQIHMEXI UYERXMÂ´EFPI QEXIVMEP FIRIÂ´XW WEZMRKW MR XMQI ERH QSRI] ERH EX XLI WEQI XMQI XS PSRK XIVQ IRZMVSRQIRXEP FIRIÂ´XW SRGI EKEMR E HYEP EHZERXEKI How is it possible to support the heroes of creative communities? 7YTTSVXMRK XLIMV EGXMSRW [MXL EGXMZMXMIW ERH MRWXVYQIRXEP TPEXJSVQW QIERW LIPTMRK XLIQ EGX QSVI ÂľYIRXP] ERH IJÂ´GMIRXP] IPMQMREXMRK HMWXYVFMRK JEGXSVW ERH QE\MQMWMRK WEXMWJEGXSV] ones. Effective support would enable even those who are not heroes to overcome inertia ERH HIGMHI XS XEOI TEVX MR EGXMZMXMIW WMQMPEV XS XLSWI VITSVXIH MR XLMW FSSO 8LI Â´VWX WXIT towards supporting creative communities is undoubtedly their recognition: identifying and communicating their reality is a useful initial gesture in sanctioning their existence and bringing them inside our collective imagination. The choices made by these people may be MQMXEXIH SV XLI] QE] TVSZSOI STTSWMXMSR FYX IMXLIV [E] XLI] EVI RSX YRMQTSVXERX 3FZMSYWP] XLIWI WSPYXMSRW EVI TVIGMWI PSGEPMWIH VIWTSRWIW XS IUYEPP] TVIGMWI TVSFPIQW FYX XLI] GER be generalised both in their ideas for services and in the â&#x20AC;&#x153;entrepreneurial modelâ&#x20AC;? they put forward. They present a picture of spontaneous and diffuse entrepreneurship that does not VIWTSRH XS E KPSFEP PSKMG FEWIH SR ZEPYIW TVMRGMTPIW ERH VYPIW KIRIVEXIH IPWI[LIVI FYX MW motivated by and matched to local systems and is consequently potentially self-regenerating

0EXSYGLI 'MERGMYPPS 6IEPEGGM *MREPP] XLI] TVSTSWI E ZEVMIX] SJ Â¨PMJI WX]PIWÂŠ XLEX WLEVI XLI WEQI WIRWI SJ VIWTSRWMFMPMX] XS[EVHW XLI UYEPMX] SJ XLIMV S[R PMZIW ERH XLEX SJ XLI GSRXI\X XLI] PMZI MR PMZIH MR E TSWMXMZI and propositive way. All together it is a pleasure to see such an optimistic panorama of Europe. How are these solutions seen by those who do not live in the European countries where they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

XIGLRSPSK] ERH IUYMTQIRX ERH Â¨WSJXÂŠ GSRHMXMSRW PMOI RIX[SVO W]WXIQW ERH TISTPI XS TISTPI GSRXEGXW 0ERHV] 7S [I EVI XEPOMRK EFSYX GSRXVMFYXMRK XS XLI UYEPMX] SJ MRXIVEGXMSR required between the many individuals involved in the solutions. This means shifting the focus SJ HIWMKR JVSQ VIWYPXW XS XLI TVSGIWWIW XLEX FVMRK XLIQ EFSYX ERH WS XS [LEX MW QEXIVMEPP] ERH SVKERMWEXMSREPP] VIUYMVIH XS EGLMIZI XLIQ 2SX EW E NYWXMÂ´GEXMSR FYX XS WXVIRKXLIR XLI TSMRX [I SFWIVZI XLEX FSXL QEVOIXMRK ERH IGSRSQMGW EVI VISVMIRXMRK XLIQWIPZIW JVSQ VIWYPX XS TVSGIWW MR ERW[IV XS XLI KVS[MRK EXXIRXMSR TEMH F] GIVXEMR GSRWYQIV KVSYTW RSX SRP] XS the quality of the product but also to the quality of the process that produced it. In other [SVHW XS MXW XVYI WXSV] XS [SVO IXLMGW ERH XS GSRXI\X MHIRXMX] 8LMW MW E HIWMKR FSSO EPWS FIGEYWI MX XEPOW EFSYX HIWMKR LS[ IPWI [SYPH [I [ERX XS HIÂ´RI XLI EGXMZMX] SJ TPERRMRK KIEVIH XS GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW# -X MW E HMJJYWI HIWMKR NYWX EW MXW characterising creativity is diffuse: social behaviour from which professional designers have QYGL XS PIEVR VMGL MR WXMQYPM JSV ER]SRI PSSOMRK EX VIEPMX] [MXL GYVMSWMX] *MREPP] XLMW MW E HIWMKR FSSO FIGEYWI MX GEQI SYX SJ HIWMKRIV WIRWMXMZMX] ERH MX EWTMVIW XS MRGVIEWI WYGL WIRWMXMZMX] IZIR MR XLSWI [LS HS RSX TVSJIWWMSREPP] HIEP [MXL HIWMKR WXMQYPEXMRK debate on these new forms of creativity and social innovation. -R XLI TEKIW XLEX JSPPS[ [I TVIWIRX GEWI WXYHMIW QEMRP] HIWGVMFIH XLVSYKL TLSXSKVETLW ERH RSXIW XEOIR SR XLI Â´IPH F] XLI ]SYRKIWX VIWIEVGLIVW [LS XSSO TEVX MR XLMW GSPPIGXMSR XIGLRMGEP MQTIVJIGXMSRW HS RSX QEV XLIMV FIEYX] [LMGL VEXLIV PMIW TVIGMWIP] MR XLIMV JVERO HSGYQIRXEV] REXYVI % WIVMIW SJ HIXEMPIH VIÂľIGXMSRW XLIR FVMRK YW XS E FIXXIV YRHIVWXERHMRK SJ XLIWI GEWIW [MXL XLI LIPT SJ I\TIVXW JVSQ ZEVMSYW WIGXSVW *MREPP] I\TIVXW I\TPEMR [LEX PMIW FILMRH XLI WGIRIW VIKEVHMRK XLI VIWIEVGL EGXMZMXMIW XLI TVSXEKSRMWXW ERH XLI XSSPW YWIH XS GSQTPIXI SYV XEWO

Diffuse design 8LMW MW E HIWMKR FSSO 'IVXEMRP] MX MW RSX XLI OMRH SJ HIWMKR FSSO XLEX Â´VWX WTVMRKW XS QMRH NYWX EW XLI GVIEXMZMX] [I EVI XEPOMRK EFSYX MW RSX [LEX MW XVEHMXMSREPP] VIGSKRMWIH MR TISTPI ERH EVXIJEGXW *VSQ XLI GSRXVMFYXMSRW XLEX JSPPS[ E [E] SJ MRXIVTVIXMRK HIWMKR IQIVKIW XLEX MW QSZMRK E[E] JVSQ TVSHYGXW XS[EVHW WIVZMGIW ERH WXVEXIKMIW [LIR [I EWO SYVWIPZIW LS[ MX MW TSWWMFPI XS WYTTSVX SYV GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW [I EVI EWOMRK E HIWMKR UYIWXMSR [LIVI HIWMKR MW WIIR EW ER EGXMZMX] XLEX EMQW XS QEOI MRRSZEXMSR [LIXLIV WSGMEP XIGLRSPSKMGEP TVSHYGXMSR or relational) practicable and desirable. Design can help creative communities not to withdraw MRXS MWSPEXMSR FYX FYMPH YT ER SZIVEPP JVEQI[SVO XLEX [I GER EPP HMVIGXP] SV MRHMVIGXP] VIJIV XS ERH GER [SVO XS[EVHW VIEGLMRK E FEPERGI FIX[IIR HIQERHW EVMWMRK JVSQ HMJJIVIRX PMZMRK GSRXI\XW ERH TISTPIÂŤW EFMPMX] XS HIEP [MXL XLIQ -R XLMW [E] XLI] GER IRGSYVEKI EGXMSR ERH GSRÂ´HIRGI MR EGLMIZMRK VIWYPXW 1ER^MRM .IKSY Design can contribute to creating the hard and soft infrastructure that establishes the GSRHMXMSRW JSV E GVIEXMZI GSRXI\X Â¨LEVHÂŠ GSRHMXMSRW PMOI TPEGIW GYPXYVEP GSRGIWWMSRW JEGMPMXMIW

Bibliography 'MERGMYPPS % 6IEPEGGM ) Soft Economy &MFPMSXIGE 9RMZIVWEPI 6M^^SPM 1MPERS -XEP] 'SXXEQ , 0IEHFIEXIV ' Red paper 01. Health: Co-creating Services (IWMKR 'SYRGMP 0SRHSR 9/ (I &SRS ) New Think: The Use of Lateral Thinking in the Generation of New Ideas &EWMG &SSOW 2I[ =SVO 97% (I &SRS ) Lateral Thinking. A textbook of Creativity 4IRKYMR &SSOW 0XH 9/ *PIXGLIV % The art of looking sideways 4LEMHSR 4VIWW 9/ *PSVMHE 6 Cities and the creative class 6SYXPIHKI 9/ -RKLMPPIVM 4 La ÂŤ buona vita Âť. Per lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;uso creativo degli oggetti nella societĂ dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;abbondanza +YIVMRM I %WWSGMEXM 1MPERS -XEP] 0ERHV] ' The Creative City. A Toolkit for Urban Innovators )EVXLWGER 0SRHSR 9/ 0EXSYGLI 7 Survivre au dĂŠveloppement, Mille et un nuits 4EVMW *VERGI 1ER^MRM ) .IKSY * Sustainable everyday. Scenarios of Urban Life )HM^MSRM %QFMIRXI 1MPERS -XEP]

Ezio Manzini Politecnico di Milano

A laboratory of ideas. Diffused creativity and new ways of doing 8S JSWXIV XLI XVERWMXMSR XS[EVHW WYWXEMREFMPMX] [I QYWX PSSO FI]SRH QEMRWXVIEQ TSWMXMSRW FILEZMSYV ERH STMRMSRW ERH ORS[ LS[ XS VIGSKRMWI MR XLI GSQTPI\MX] SJ WMKREPW XLEX WSGMIX] WIRHW YW XLSWI XLEX EVI QSWX TVSQMWMRK -R SXLIV [SVHW XLSWI IQMXXIH F] GIVXEMR minorities who have been able to set up on a local scale radical innovations in ways of being and doing things. Once identified we must foster them and facilitate their diffusion.

Sustainability as discontinuity

A blocked system?

;MXLMR XLI RI\X JI[ ]IEVW [I [MPP LEZI XS PIEVR XS PMZI ERH XS PMZI FIXXIV MR XLI GEWI SJ QSWX of the inhabitants of this planet) consuming fewer environmental resources. And we will have XS HS WS F] IWXEFPMWLMRK RI[ WSGMEP YRHIVXEOMRKW EX EPP PIZIPW JVSQ XLI PSGEP XS XLI TPERIXEV] giving rise to a new sense of proximity and distribution among the human beings inhabiting XLMW WQEPP HIRWI ERH XSHE] QSVI XLER IZIV HITPIXIH TPERIX -R SYV STMRMSR XLMW MW XLI [SVOMRK WIRWI [I WLSYPH EXXVMFYXI XS XLI GSRGITX SJ ªXVERWMXMSR XS[EVHW WYWXEMREFMPMX]«

In view of the ever-increasing evidence of the problems generated by our current way of PMJI ERH TVSHYGXMSR GSRXIQTSVEV] WSGMIX] IQIVKIW EW E FPSGOIH W]WXIQ GSVTSVEXMSRW and politicians claim that they can do nothing about it given that “people” do not want to GLERKI [LMPI SR XLI SXLIV LERH TISTPI ERH GSQQYRMXMIW [LIR GSRWMHIVMRK XLI TSWWMFMPMX] SJ XVERWJSVQEXMSR WXEXI XLEX XLI] GERRSX GLERKI FIGEYWI ¨GSVTSVEXMSRW© ERH ¨TSPMXMGMERW© HS RSX TVIWIRX XLIQ [MXL EPXIVREXMZI WSPYXMSRW (IWMKRIVW XSS ´RH XLIQWIPZIW XVETTIH MR XLMW TEVEP]WMRK KVMHPSGO GEYKLX [MXLMR E QIGLERMWQ XLEX WIIQW XS PIEZI RSXLMRK XS XLI MQEKMREXMSR FEVVMRK XLI GVIEXMSR SJ RI[ ERH YWIPIWW KEHKIXW SV MR XLI FIWX SJ GEWIW XLI MRXVSHYGXMSR SJ KVEHYEP MQTVSZIQIRXW MRXS E W]WXIQ [LMGL EW [I RS[ ORS[ MW MRXVMRWMGEPP] YRWYWXEMREFPI -R FVMIJ KMZIR XLI GYVVIRX WXEXI SJ XLMRKW XLI [SVPH WIIQW XS FI LIEHMRK MR E direction that is as disastrous as it is non-modifiable. 8S FVIEO JVII SJ XLMW HIEHPSGO MX MW RIGIWWEV] ´VWX ERH JSVIQSWX XS IQFVEGI E HMJJIVIRX VITVIWIRXEXMSR SJ VIEPMX] [I QYWX RS PSRKIV GSRWMHIV ¨TISTPI© ¨GSVTSVEXMSRW© ERH ¨TSPMXMGMERW© EW ¨WXERHEVH© IRXMXMIW FYX WII XLIQ JSV [LEX XLI] VIEPP] EVI M I GSQQYRMXMIW ERH groups of individuals with different and often contradictory points of view.

8LI KVSYRHW JSV XLMW WXEXIQIRX EVI TEMRJYPP] IZMHIRX XS EPP SV EX PIEWX XS EPP XLSWI [LS HS RSX GPSWI XLIMV I]IW XS VIEPMX] ,S[IZIV MXW MQTPMGEXMSRW QMKLX VIUYMVI JYVXLIV I\TPEREXMSR WMRGI XLI] IRXEMP GSQMRK XS XIVQW [MXL GIVXEMR JSVQW SJ W]WXIQMG HMWGSRXMRYMX] MR [LMGL EW E KIRIVEP VYPI [I EVI RSX YWIH XS XLMROMRK The concept of living well while at the same time consuming fewer resources and generating RI[ TEXXIVRW SJ WSGMEP GSLEFMXEXMSR MW VIPEXIH XS ER MHIE SJ [IPPFIMRK ERH GSRWIUYIRXP] to a specific economic and industrial model) that is diametrically opposed to the one which industrialised society has until now engendered and propagated throughout the world and [LMGL TYX MR E RYXWLIPP GER FI I\TVIWWIH [MXL XLI JSPPS[MRK IUYEXMSR QSVI [IPPFIMRK MW equivalent to more consumption and less social quality. This pronounced difference proves E WXEVO JEGX MX MW WMQTP] MQTSWWMFPI XS XEOI PEVKI WXITW XS[EVHW WYWXEMREFMPMX] MJ [I PMQMX SYV actions to improving already existing ideas and ways of doing things. Each step towards sustainability must involve a systemic discontinuity with pre-existing situations. How can this discontinuity be achieved? This is not the place for an exhaustive discussion on LS[ GSQTPI\ W]WXIQW IZSPZI ERH TEVXMGYPEVP] SR LS[ W]WXIQMG HMWGSRXMRYMXMIW EVI TVSHYGIH ;I [MPP WMQTP] WXEXI WMRGI XLMW MW XLI XLISVIXMGEP FEWMW SJ IZIV]XLMRK XLEX MW HMWGYWWIH MR XLMW EVXMGPI XLEX XLI KVSYRH[SVO JSV KVIEX W]WXIQMG GLERKIW JSV QEGVS XVERWJSVQEXMSRW MW PEMH F] QMGVS XVERWJSVQEXMSRW M I F] XLI VEHMGEP MRRSZEXMSRW MRXVSHYGIH MRXS PSGEP W]WXIQW ;I [MPP EPWS TSMRX SYX XLEX VIGSKRMWMRK ERH SFWIVZMRK XLIWI QMGVS XVERWJSVQEXMSRW QEOIW MX TSWWMFPI JSV YW XS KIX E ´VWX LERH KPMQTWI SJ XLI RI[ W]WXIQW XLEX EX E KMZIR QSQIRX GSYPH WXIQ from these changes.

3RGI XLMW ZMXEP WXIT MW XEOIR XLI [SVPH [MPP GSRXMRYI WIIQMRK E ZIV] [SVVMWSQI TPEGI FYX MXW TVS´PI [MPP FI XLEX SJ E QYGL QSVI HMZIVWI QSVI H]REQMG ERH PIWW FPSGOIH VIEPMX] XLER XLI SRI IRKIRHIVIH F] WXERHEVH ZEPYIW -J [I KS FI]SRH XLIWI [I [MPP WII XLEX EPXLSYKL XLIVI EVI QYGL QSVI TIVXYVFMRK TLIRSQIRE XLER XLI ¨EZIVEKI© XLIVI EVI EPWS SGGYVVIRGIW SJ E HMJJIVIRX OMRH XLEX TSMRX XS XLI GSRGVIXI ERH HI´RMXI ZMEFMPMX] SJ SXLIV [E]W SJ FIMRK ERH HSMRK XLMRKW 8LIWI ERSQEPSYW FILEZMSYVW XLIWI YRGSRZIRXMSREP [E]W SJ XLMROMRK EVI SV GSYPH FI XLI WIIHW XLEX GSYPH IRKIRHIV GSRXI\X TIVQMXXMRK XLI TPERXW GETEFPI SJ KIRIVEXMRK XLI RI[ MHIEW SJ [IPPFIMRK TVSHYGXMSR ERH IGSRSQ] RIIHIH WS FEHP] XSHE]

A laboratory of ideas -J SYV [E] SJ PSSOMRK EX XLMRKW GLERKIW [LEX [MPP IQIVKI MW E WSGMIX] XLEX MW EPWS E KVIEX laboratory of ideas and innovations for everyday life: ways of being and ways of doing that

express a capacity to formulate new questions and find new answers. 7SQI SJ XLI I\EQTPIW [I ´RH EVSYRH YW XSHE] MRGPYHI X]TIW SJ LSYWMRK [LIVI XS MQTVSZI XLI UYEPMX] SJ PMJI WTEGIW ERH GSQQSR WIVZMGIW EVI WLEVIH EW MR GS LSYWMRK XLI HIZIPSTQIRX SJ TVSHYGXMZI EGXMZMXMIW FEWIH SR PSGEP VIWSYVGIW ERH WOMPPW [LMGL EVI EPWS TEVX SJ [MHIV KPSFEP RIX[SVOW EW MW XLI GEWI SJ GIVXEMR TVSHYGXW X]TMGEP SJ E WTIGM´G PSGEP EVIE E ZEVMIX] of initiatives aimed at promoting a healthy and natural diet (from the international slow-food QSZIQIRX XS XLI WTVIEH MR QER] GMXMIW SJ E RI[ KIRIVEXMSR SJ JEVQIVW QEVOIXW WIPJ QEREKIH WIVZMGIW JSV XLI GEVI SJ XLI ZIV] ]SYRK WYGL EW QMGVSGVrGLIW WQEPP OMRHIVKEVXIRW or nursery schools promoted and managed by parents) and the elderly (such as the livingtogether initiatives: where young people and senior citizens share housing). New forms of social interchange and favour exchange (such as the local exchange trading systems – LETS ERH XMQI FEROW W]WXIQW SJ QSFMPMX] XLEX TVIWIRX EPXIVREXMZIW XS XLI YWI SJ MRHMZMHYEP GEVW

JVSQ GEV WLEVMRK ERH GEV TSSPMRK XS XLI VIHMWGSZIV] SJ FMG]GPIW JEMV ERH HMVIGX XVEHI RIX[SVOW between producers and consumers (such as the direct trade initiatives that have already been IWXEFPMWLIH EVSYRH XLI KPSFI ERH XLI PMWX GSYPH KS SR EW GER FI WIIR MR SXLIV GLETXIVW SJ XLMW FSSO

Creative communities -X QYWX FI TSMRXIH SYX LIVI XLEX EPP XLI GEWIW QEOMRK YT XLMW QSXPI] TERSVEQE SJ WSGMEP MRRSZEXMSR LEZI SRI GVYGMEP XLMRK MR GSQQSR XLI] EVI EPP VEHMGEP MRRSZEXMSRW SJ PSGEP W]WXIQW M I HMWGSRXMRYMXMIW [MXL VIKEVH XS E KMZIR GSRXI\X MR XLI WIRWI XLEX XLI] GLEPPIRKI XVEHMXMSREP [E]W SJ HSMRK XLMRKW ERH MRXVSHYGI E WIX SJ RI[ ZIV] HMJJIVIRX ERH MRXVMRWMGEPP] QSVI sustainable) ones: organising advanced systems of sharing space and equipment in places [LIVI MRHMZMHYEP YWI RSVQEPP] TVIZEMPW VIGSZIVMRK XLI UYEPMX] SJ LIEPXL] FMSPSKMGEP JSSHW MR EVIEW [LIVI MX MW GSRWMHIVIH RSVQEP XS MRKIWX SXLIV X]TIW SJ TVSHYGI HIZIPSTMRK W]WXIQW SJ participative services in localities where these services are usually provided with absolute TEWWMZMX] SR XLI TEVX SJ YWIVW IXG 1SVISZIV EPP SJ XLIWI TVSQMWMRK GEWIW WLEVI ERSXLIV HMWXMRKYMWLMRK JIEXYVI XLI] EVI XLI SYXGSQI SJ MRMXMEXMZI XEOIR F] MRHMZMHYEPW IRHS[IH [MXL WTIGMEP TVSNIGX WOMPPW [LS WIX XLIQWIPZIW WTIGM´G SFNIGXMZIW ERH ´RH WEXMWJEGXSV] XSSPW XS EXXEMR XLIQ WTIGMEPP] GVIEXMZI ERH IRXVITVIRIYVMEP TISTPI [LS [MXLSYX I\TIGXMRK XS XVMKKIV KIRIVEP GLERKIW MR XLI W]WXIQ

IGSRSQ] MRWXMXYXMSRW PEVKI MRJVEWXVYGXYVIW QEREKI XS VISVKERMWI XLI I\MWXMRK WXEXI SJ XLMRKW TVSHYGMRK WSQIXLMRK RI[ 3R XLI SXLIV LERH MJ EW XLI *VIRGL QEXLIQEXMGMER ,IRVM 4SMRGEVq WXEXIH ¨GVIEXMZMX] QIERW NSMRMRK TVI I\MWXMRK IPIQIRXW MR RI[ YWIJYP GSQFMREXMSRW © XLIR [I GER HI´RMXIP] GEPP XLIWI EGXMZI QMRSVMXMIW ªGVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW« %HHMXMSREPP] XLIWI GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW LEZI QER] GSQQSR XVEMXW XLI] EVI HIITP] VSSXIH MR E TPEGI XLI] QEOI KSSH YWI SJ XLI PSGEP VIWSYVGIW ERH HMVIGXP] SV MRHMVIGXP] XLI] TVSQSXI RI[ [E]W SJ WSGMEP I\GLERKI %X XLI WEQI XMQI XLI] EVI PMROIH XS RIX[SVOW SJ WMQMPEV MRMXMEXMZIW FIMRK YRHIVXEOIR MR HMJJIVIRX TPEGIW [LMGL IREFPI XLIQ XS I\GLERKI I\TIVMIRGIW ERH WLEVI problems at an international level (thereby turning them into cosmopolitan rather than merely PSGEP IRXMXMIW *MREPP] ERH XLMW MW XLI EWTIGX [LMGL QSWX MRXIVIWXW YW LIVI XLI] MRXVSHYGI RI[ solutions that bring individual interests into line with social and environmental interests (which means that they have a high chance of becoming authentically sustainable solutions).

These creative communities and the promising cases they engender teach us a very important PIWWSR XLEX MX MW EPVIEH] TSWWMFPI XS XEOI WXITW MR XLI HMVIGXMSR SJ WYWXEMREFMPMX] %RH XLI] do this by offering us in advance specific examples of what could become “normal” in a WYWXEMREFPI WSGMIX] JYIPPMRK YT WSGMEP HIFEXI ERH KMZMRK VMWI XS WLEVIH ZMI[W SR XLMW WYFNIGX %X XLI WEQI XMQI XLI] VIµIGX MQTPMGMXP] SV I\TPMGMXP] E HIQERH JSV GIVXEMR TVSHYGXW ERH WIVZMGIW TSMRXMRK XS RI[ QEVOIX STTSVXYRMXMIW JSV XLI HIZIPSTQIRX SJ WYWXEMREFPI WSPYXMSRW -X MW MRXIVIWXMRK XS RSXI XLEX GEWIW ERH GSQQYRMXMIW SJ XLMW OMRH GER FI JSYRH MR EPP “urban” areas: each obviously with its own particular characteristics but also sharing many GLEVEGXIVMWXMGW MR GSQQSR (IWTMXI XLI JEGX XLEX XLIWI MRMXMEXMZIW EVI WXMPP E QMRSVMX] EW [I LEZI EPVIEH] TSMRXIH SYX XLI] EVI WTVIEHMRK ERH EGUYMVMRK XLI TVS´PI SJ E PEVKI GSWQSTSPMXER [SVOWLST E H]REQMG ERH QSXPI] KVSYT SJ MRHMZMHYEPW ERH GSQQYRMXMIW XLEX EVI TYXXMRK E PSX SJ effort into constructing specific hypotheses of potential futures.

The role of design To sum up: fostering the transition towards sustainability is a question of establishing E ªZMVXYSYW GMVGPI« IRGSQTEWWMRK WSGMEP MRRSZEXMSR [LMGL [I VIGSKRMWI LIVI MR GVIEXMZI communities and in the new ideas and solutions they generate) and technological and MRWXMXYXMSREP MRRSZEXMSR XLEX GER FI MQTPIQIRXIH F] XLI EGXSVW [LS XLVSYKL XLIMV HIGMWMSRW GER EHZERGI XLI TSWWMFMPMXMIW SJ WYGGIWW SJ TVSQMWMRK TVSTSWEPW 3R XLI SXLIV LERH WIXXMRK YT XLMW ZMVXYSYW GMVGPI VIUYMVIW ´VWX ERH JSVIQSWX XLI HIZIPSTQIRX SJ XLI GSQQYRMGEXMSR HIWMKR ERH WXVEXIKMG WOMPPW RIGIWWEV] XS VIGSKRMWI VIMRJSVGI ERH XVERWQMX MR ER EHIUYEXI QERRIV XLI MHIEW ERH WSPYXMSRW KIRIVEXIH EX E WSGMEP PIZIP XVERWJSVQMRK XLIQ MRXS SVMKMREP [SVOMRK TVSTSWEPW ERH IRHS[MRK XLIQ [MXL KVIEXIV TSXIRXMEP MR XIVQW SJ PEVKI WGEPI HMWWIQMREXMSR ERH to find ways to institute them in the most efficient manner. ,EZMRK VIEGLIH XLMW TSMRX MX MW XMQI XS QEOI E HIXEMPIH EREP]WMW SJ XLI VSPI XLEX GSYPH FI TPE]IH F] HIWMKR ERH [MXL XLMW XIVQ [I QIER XS IRGSQTEWW XLI IRXMVI HIWMKR GSQQYRMX] M I XLI KVSYT SJ TVSJIWWMSREP IGSRSQMG ERH GYPXYVEP IRXMXMIW XLEX QEOI YT XLMW GSQQYRMX] [MXL WTIGMEP VIJIVIRGI XS XLI WGLSSPW SJ HIWMKR MR XLMW TVSGIWW 8EOI XLI MHIE SJ XLI ZMVXYSYW GMVGPI [LMGL [I LEZI NYWX HIWGVMFIH 7YVIP] HIWMKR WLSYPH YWI HIWMKR WTIGM´G WOMPPW XS FI EGXMZIP] MRZSPZIH MR XLI IWXEFPMWLQIRX SJ XLMW GMVGPI ERHI KMZI ZMWMFMPMX] XS TVSQMWMRK GEWIW LMKLPMKLXMRK XLIMV QSWX MRXIVIWXMRK EWTIGXW HVE[MRK YT E QET SJ XLI I\MWXMRK WXEXI SJ XLMRKW ERH FYMPHMRK WGIREVMSW SJ TSXIRXMEP JYXYVIW MRXIVTVIXMRK XLI UYIWXMSRW [LMGL EVMWI JVSQ TVSQMWMRK GEWIW GSRGIMZMRK ERH HIZIPSTMRK W]WXIQW SJ TVSHYGXW WIVZMGIW ERH MRJSVQEXMSR XS MRGVIEWI XLIMV IJ´GMIRG] ERH accessibility. -J XLMW MW MR E RYXWLIPP [LEX HIWMKR WLSYPH HS XLIR XLI RI\X UYIWXMSR [I GER EWO MW [LIXLIV HIWMKR MW GETEFPI SJ GEVV]MRK MX SYX 4IVWSREPP] [I FIPMIZI XLEX MX MW ,S[IZIV MR SVHIV XS TPE] XLMW VSPI HIWMKR QYWX YTHEXI MXW XVEHMXMSREP GYPXYVEP ERH JYRGXMSREP PIKEG] 1SVISZIV XLI ZIV] idea of what a designer is in our day and age must change. ;I QYWX PIEVR XS WII HIWMKRIVW EW WSGMEP EGXSVW MR E WSGMIX] MR [LMGL EW GSRXIQTSVEV] WSGMSPSK] TSMRXW SYX ¨IZIV]FSH] HIWMKRW© ERH MR [LMGL EW [I GER WII GPIEVP] MR XLMW FSSO a host of active minorities are inventing new ways of being and doing things. Given that they SGGYT] E TPEGI MR XLMW WSGMIX] ERH XLEX XLI] EVI I\TSWIH XS EPP SJ MXW GLEVEGXIVMWXMGW HIWMKRIVW

WLSYPH EGGITX XLI JEGX XLEX XLI] GER RS PSRKIV EWTMVI XS E QSRSTSP] SR HIWMKR WMRGI [I are living in an era in which everybody designs. They should accept that today design is not SRP] I\IGYXIH MR HIWMKR WXYHMSW FYX IZIV][LIVI %RH ]IX HIWMKRIVW GER GSRXMRYI TPE]MRK their specific role. It is precisely because contemporary society is the way that it is that the role of â&#x20AC;&#x153;design professionalsâ&#x20AC;? acquires even greater importance. Designers can come to the JSVI MR XLI KVIEX Â¨HMJJYWIÂŠ HIWMKR EVIRE FIGSQMRK Â¨WSPYXMSR TVSZMHIVWÂŠ GSRXVMFYXMRK XLIMV WTIGMÂ´GMXMIW WYGL EW XLIMV GETEGMX] XS TVSHYGI ZMWMSRW SJ [LEX MW TSWWMFPI M I XLI EFMPMX] XS imagine something that does not exist but could potentially exist) and set in motion strategies to help them materialise (i.e. concrete steps to transform potential visions into real solutions).

Designers with new skills 8LIWI TIGYPMEV XVEMXW MR YRMWSR [MXL XLI GLEVEGXIVMWXMGW XLEX HMWXMRKYMWL GSRXIQTSVEV] WSGMIX] ERH XLI WSGMEP MRRSZEXMSR WYFNIGXW [I LEZI HMWGYWWIH LIVI VIUYMVI E WIVMIW SJ VIPEXMZIP] RI[ WOMPPW IZIR JSV HIWMKRIVW KIRIVEXMRK GSPPEFSVEXMSRW EQSRK HMZIVWI WSGMEP EGXSVW

PSGEP GSQQYRMXMIW ERH GSQTERMIW MRWXMXYXMSRW ERH VIWIEVGL GIRXVIW TEVXMGMTEXMRK MR XLI GSRWXVYGXMSR SJ WLEVIH ZMWMSRW ERH WGIREVMSW GS HIWMKRMRK EVXMGYPEXIH W]WXIQW SJ TVSHYGXW services and information. -J EW MW JVIUYIRXP] WEMH XLI XVERWMXMSR XS[EVHW WYWXEMREFMPMX] QYWX FI WIIR EW E WSGMEP PIEVRMRK TVSGIWW ERH KVSYRH JSV HMJJYWI HIWMKR EFMPMX] XLI HIWMKRIV MRGVIEWMRKP] XEOIW XLI VSPI SJ JEGMPMXEXSV MR XLI PIEVRMRK TVSGIWW ERH SJ WYTTSVX JSV HMJJYWI HIWMKR WOMPPW -R SXLIV [SVHW LMW Â´IPH SJ EGXMSR QSZIW JYVXLIV ERH JYVXLIV E[E] JVSQ XLI Â´KYVI SJ E XVEHMXMSREP HIWMKRIV XS[EVHW XLEX SJ ER EGXSV STIVEXMRK XS QEOI SVMIRXEXIH IZIRXW LETTIR ERH QEOI WYVI MRXIVIWXIH WYFNIGXW TEVXMGMTEXI ERH HS WS GVIEXMZIP] ,I FIGSQIW E TVSGIWW JEGMPMXEXSV [LS EGXW [MXL HIWMKR XSSPW M I F] KIRIVEXMRK MHIEW SR TSWWMFPI WSPYXMSRW ZMWYEPMWMRK XLIQ EVKYMRK XLIQ XLVSYKL TPEGMRK XLIQ MR [MHI QER] JEGIXIH WGIREVMSW TVIWIRXIH MR GSRGMWI ZMWYEP ERH potentially participatory forms. % RI[ HMJJIVIRX ERH JEWGMREXMRK VSPI JSV XLI HIWMKRIV IQIVKIW JVSQ [LEX LEW FIIR WEMH LIVI % VSPI XLEX HSIW RSX WYFWXMXYXI XLI XVEHMXMSREP SRI FYX XLEX [SVOW EPSRKWMHI MX STIRMRK YT RI[ Â´IPHW SJ EGXMZMX] RSX TVIZMSYWP] XLSYKLX SJ 8LI Â´VWX WXIT SR XLMW KVSYRH MW XS XEOI XLI WSGMEP MRRSZEXMSR EW E OMGO SJJ TSMRX ERH YWI SRIÂŤW WTIGMÂ´G WOMPPW ERH EFMPMXMIW XS MRHMGEXI RI[ HMVIGXMSRW JSV TVSHYGX ERH WIVZMGI MRRSZEXMSR MR TVEGXMGI XLMW MRZSPZIW QSZMRK MR XLI STTSWMXI HMVIGXMSR JVSQ XLEX QSVI JVIUYIRXP] XEOIR F] HIWMKRIVW M I [LIVI WXEVXMRK F] SFWIVZMRK E XIGLRMGEP MRRSZEXMSR XLI HIWMKRIV TVSTSWIW products and services that are socially appreciated). 8LI WIGSRH WXIT HIWMKRIVW QYWX QEOI MW XS GSRWMHIV XLIQWIPZIW TEVX SJ XLI GSQQYRMX] XLI] are collaborating with. To be and act as experts participating peer-to-peer with the other QIQFIVW SJ XLI GSQQYRMX] MR XLI KIRIVEXMSR SJ XLI TVSQMWMRK GEWIW XLI] EVI [SVOMRK SR ERH their evolution towards more efficient and accessible systems. ;LIR XLMRKW EVI TYX MR XLMW [E] XLI TVSJIWWMSREP TVSÂ´PI SJ E HIWMKRIV XIRHW XS ETTIEV VEXLIV differently from the historically consolidated form we are used to. The classic idea of a HIWMKRIV MW SJ ER STIVEXSV [LS GEWI F] GEWI VIJIVW LMW EGXMZMXMIW XS E Â´REP YWIV [SVOMRK JSV

SV [MXL E Â´VQ -R XLI RI[ WGIREVMS XLI HIWMKRIV XIRHW XS FIGSQI ER STIVEXSV [LS EGXW [MXLMR E QSVI GSQTPI\ RIX[SVO SJ EGXSVW XLEX QE] GIVXEMRP] MRGPYHI Â´VQW FYX RSX I\GPYWMZIP] [LIVI LMW QEMR MRXIVPSGYXSV LMW EGXYEP GPMIRX QE] FI ER MRWXMXYXMSR E PSGEP EYXLSVMX] SV EW MR XLMW GEWI GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW

Agents of sustainability 7S XLI TVSKVEQQI SJ EGXMZMXMIW XLEX PIH YW XS JSGYW SR XLI GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW TVIWIRXIH MR XLMW FSSO PMIW MR XLMW GSRXI\X )RZMWEKMRK XLEX HIWMKRIVW GER ERH QYWX TPE] XLI VSPI [I EVI XEPOMRK EFSYX ERH XLEX HIWMKR WGLSSPW EVI XLI TPEGIW [LIVI XLMW RI[ [E] SJ HSMRK XLMRKW QYWX IQIVKI ERH XEOI WLETI MX [EW REXYVEP XS XEOI HIWMKR WGLSSPW EW MRXIVPSGYXSVW ERH TEVXMGYPEVP] EW Â¨ERXIRREWÂŠ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designers can be particularly sensitive in detecting (and capable in describing) promising cases of social innovation. In facts: they are trained to consider at the same time: new user HIQERHW MRRSZEXMSR MR XLI WYTTP] SJ TVSHYGXW WIVZMGIW ERH W]WXIQW ERH XLI GSQTPI\ TLIRSQIRE XLEX PMRO XLIQ XSKIXLIV -J [I XLIR GSRWMHIV ]SYRK HIWMKRIVW MR TEVXMGYPEV EW [EW HSRI MR XLMW GEWI [I GER EHH XLEX XLI] LEZI XLI QIRXEP IPEWXMGMX] XS PSSO MR RI[ ERH MRMXMEPP] YRJSVIWIIEFPI HMVIGXMSRW 8LEX MW in the way we must do in order to see examples of radical social innovation. -R GSRGPYWMSR [I QYWX WE] XLEX HIWMKR WGLSSPW EVI TPEGIW [LIVI XLMW OMRH SJ I\IVGMWI RSX only can be done but it must be done. And for several reasons. To train a new generation of HIWMKRIVW EFPI XS VIGSKRMWI WYGL WSPYXMSRW ERH HIZIPST XLIMV MQTPMGEXMSRW JSV HIWMKR TVSNIGXW 8S HIZIPST RI[ XSSPW WYMXEFPI JSV XLMW TYVTSWI FYX EPWS ERH QE]FI QSWX MQTSVXERXP] XS KMZI the schools themselves the role of agents for sustainability that they should have. The role of TVSQSXIVW ERH JEGMPMXEXSVW SJ E LYKI WSGMEP PIEVRMRK TVSGIWW [LMGL MW WS QYGL RIIHIH XSHE]

Bibliography *PSVMHE 6 The Rise of the Creative Class. And How it is transforming work, leisure, community and everyday life &EWMG &SSOW 2I[ =SVO 97% .qKSY * .SSVI 4 IHMXIH F] Food Delivery Solutions. Cases of solution oriented partnership 'VERÂ´IPH 9RMZIVWMX] 9/ 0ERHV] ' The Creative city. A toolkit for Urban Innovators )EVXLWGER 4YFPMGEXMSRW 08( 0SRHSR 9/ 1ER^MRM ) 'SPPMRE 0 )ZERW ) IHMXIH F] Solution oriented partnership, How to design industrialized solutions 'VERÂ´IPH 9RMZIVWMX] 9/ 1ER^MRM ) .IKSY * Sustainable everyday. Scenarios of Urban Life )HM^MSRM %QFMIRXI 1MPERS -XEP] 1ER^MRM ) :I^^SPM ' Product-service Systems and Sustainability. Opportunities for Sustainable Solutions 92)4 4YFPMWLIV 4EVMW *VERGI 1SRX 3 *YRGXMSREP XLMROMRK The role of functional sales and product service systems for a functional based society, VIWIEVGL VITSVX JSV XLI 7[IHMWL )4% ---)) 0YRH 9RMZIVWMX] 0YRH 1SWGSZMGM 7 Psycologie des minoritĂŠs actives 6E] 4 , %RHIVWSR 7 6 The Cultural Creatives, How 50 Million People Are Changing the World 2I[ =SVO 8LVII 6MZIVW 4VIWW 97%

housing 18 20 Aquarius - Social elderly community of age 55+ (I /IVWIRXYMR 7YWXEMREFPI ,SYWMRK ERH 0MZMRK )EVXLWLMT *MJI 26 Findhorn Ecovillage 28 Jardin Nomade - Nomadic Garden 30 Loan Gardens 1EXIVNEPMH RIX 9WIH GSRWXVYGXMSR QEXIVMEP VIG]GPMRK 1MPMIYZVMIRHIPMNO 8YMRMIVIR )RZMVSRQIRXEP JVMIRHP] KEVHIRMRK 36 Model Eco - Friendly Hamlet 38 M}}FPMOSQ *YVRMXYVI VI HIWMKRMRK WXYHMS 40 Neighbourhood Shares 2MIY[PERHI :MPPEKIVW EGXMZI MRZSPZIQIRX 44 Prendi a casa uno studente - Lodge a student at home 46 Oranssi - Housing company

eating 48

communing 74 76 +BC Cycling Association %RHMEQS E WGYSPE HE WSPM Â¦ ;EPOMRK FYW &MG]GPI *PIE 1EVOIX 82 Cyclo-Pouce 84 MCS â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Milano Car Sharing 86 MFG MÃ¼lheimer Fahrrad Gruppe â&#x20AC;&#x201C; MFG Cycle Association 88 Minimo Impatto â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Minimum Impact 1SFMIPI *MIXWIRQEOIV Â¦ 1SFMPI &MG]GPI 6ITEMVQER

&MSQIVGEXMRS 8LI 0MXXPI 3VKERMG 1EVOIX 'LQMIPRMO >HVSN 0XH %PJVIH JSSH ERH HVMROW HIPMZIV] 'VIEQ SÂ«+EPPS[E] HEMV] JEVQ +%7 +VYTTS HÂ«%GUYMWXS 7SPMHEPI +VSYT TYVGLEWMRK SVKERMWEXMSR +IQÂ&#x201A;WIOMWXI :IKIXEFPI &S\ ,YMWOEQIVVIWXEYVERX 7GLYMJ ÂªW %ER 0MZMRK 6SSQ 6IWXEYVERX 0IW .EVHMRW HI 'qVrW 'qVrWÂ«W KEVHIR 0SGEP *SSH 0MRO :ER +VSYT 66 Natural Food-system near the roads hOSWELZIV )GS TERXV] 3VXM HIP 4EVGS 2SVH 4EVGS 2SVH :IKIXEFPI +EVHIRW 72 Slow food in Poland

working 92

094 Ayrshire LETS (Local Exchange Trading System) &ERGE HIP 8IQTS 8MQI &ERO 098 CICP Centre International de Culture Populaire - International centre of popular culture 8LI WLIIT TVSNIGX 8]} 8SMQMRXE .SF ERH %GXMSR %WWSGMEXMSR

socialising 120

learning 104

106 Artist involvement in creative education 'EJI^SxHI 4PE]KVSYRH GEJq 110 Coach House Trust 'SQIRMYW /MRHIVKEVXIRW 0E &SYXMUYI 4qHEKSKMUYI 8VEMRMRK 7LST 116 Nidi in Casa - Nurseries at home 29&09 1MRMPEWXIEIH 1MRM OMRHIVKEVXIR

&VEGOE 7XVIIX *IWXMZEP &YGLXMGOIX &SSO )\GLERKI 'PYF 0MFIVXq )\GLERKI GSVRIV MR VEHMS /VEOS[ ,ETTMLYSRI ª3\]KIR 6SSQ« GYPXYVEP KVIIRLSYWI 132 Meerhoven Senior Club 134 Omaabi - Self help community 136 Raciborowice Senior Club ;IFPSKW 140 www.foryourears.com - MP3 distribution company

housing

20 (housing)

People over 55 live in a resource-sharing community suited to their diverse needs and lifestyles.

The Netherlands, Eindhoven

Aquarius – Social elderly community of age 55+ By Aquarius Association

The solution

The benefits

Aquarius is a community where elderly people spend their days in a socially active environment. %FSYX SPHIV TISTPI PMZI XLIVI ERH IEGL GSYTPI LEW XLIMV S[R TVMZEXI LSQI ERH KEVHIR FYX EPWS uses a communal space and large communal garden. The inhabitants help each other out as much EW TSWWMFPI % GSQQMXXII SVKERMWIW XLI GSQQYRMX] SRI SJ MXW XEWOW MW XS WIPIGX RI[ MRLEFMXERXW 4ISTPI GER ETTP] MJ XLI] EVI EKIH FIX[IIR ERH XS QEOI WYVI XLIVI MW EP[E]W E QM\ SJ younger and older residents.

Society. 0MZMRK MR %UYEVMYW IRGSYVEKIW EGXMZI WSGMEP GSRXEGX ERH LIPTW OIIT MRLEFMXERXW« PMZIW EW QIERMRKJYP EW TSWWMFPI MR E WEJI JVMIRHP] IRZMVSRQIRX 1IQFIVW TVSFEFP] VIQEMR EGXMZI ERH independent for longer and the need for nursing of senior citizens is reduced for society in general. Aquarius encourages the distribution of giving and receiving aid over the retirement years.

Context

Environment. %W QSWX SJ XLI EGXMZMXMIW XEOI TPEGI [MXLMR %UYEVMYW XVERWTSVX MRXIRWMX] MW QMRMQMWIH Economy. The economics of Aquarius are comparable to normal life. Inhabitants rent a house and the activities are organised voluntary by fellow inhabitants. Mutual co-operation saves money for the people and social activities are affordable.

-R E KVSYT SJ IPHIVP] TISTPI [LS HMH RSX JIIP GSQJSVXEFPI PMZMRK EPSRI FYX IZIR PIWW GSQJSVXEFPI PMZMRK MR E LSQI JSV XLI IPHIVP] XSSO XLI MRMXMEXMZI XS IWXEFPMWL E GSQQYRMX] JSV XLI IPHIVP] MR )MRHLSZIR 8LIWI TISTPI [ERXIH E LSYWMRK IRZMVSRQIRX XLEX [EW FIXXIV EHNYWXIH XS the needs and wishes of their age. Some of these people lived on their own and felt lonely. Other people felt insecure in their own houses and wanted to get a fell safer feel.

Current situation The founders of the community initially spent a lot of time investigating postive features of SXLIV WIRMSV GSQQYRMXMIW XS MQTPIQIRX MR XLIMV S[R 7MRGI MX WXEVXIH MR RSX QYGL LEW GLERKIH I\GITX JSV XLI EVVMZEP SJ E JI[ RI[GSQIVW ERH WQEPP TVEGXMGEP MQTVSZIQIRXW XS XLI GSQQYRMX] 8LI MRLEFMXERXW VIRX XLIMV LSYWIW JVSQ ER )MRHLSZIR LSYWMRK WSGMIX] [LMGL S[RW XLI FYMPHMRKW 8LI] EPWS WLEVI XLI VIRX SJ XLI GSQQYREP EVIE 'SQQMXXII [SVO MW ZSPYRXEV] 8LI QEMR garden is maintained by a gardener who they also pay for collectively.

The experience

Design challenges

% TIEGIJYP [IPP VYR GSQQSR KEVHIR EGXW EW E transition zone and place to meet others. A communal area for activities is a perfect combination of public and private space. Helping neighbours and living close together engenders a feeling of safety and being cared for.

Creating communal spaces in the buildings would allow inhabitants to organise more OMRHW SJ EGXMZMXMIW XSKIXLIV Creating the opportunity to share equipment and services with easy and voluntary access.

Authors 89 )MRHLSZIR 8LI 2IXLIVPERHW =ERMGO %EVWIR )QMIP 0EKEVHI (MGO 6YXXIR 2MOS :IKX

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Aquarius is like a student house for elderly people. People there seem to be socially connected but also able easily to maintain their privacy. Many people told us the arrangement is the perfect compromise between living on your own and living in a nursing home.â&#x20AC;?

22 (housing)

A community creates the conditions for environmentally friendly living.

The Netherlands, Eindhoven

De Kersentuin – Sustainable Housing and Living &] (I /IVWIRXYMR VIWMHIRXW EWWSGMEXMSR [[[ OIVWIRXYMR RP

Solution

The benefits

(I /IVWIRXYMR MW ER IRZMVSRQIRXEPP] WSGMEPP] ERH IGSRSQMGEPP] WYWXEMREFPI GSQQYRMX] MR E VIGIRXP] FYMPX WYFYVF SJ 9XVIGLX 8LI VIWMHIRXW HVI[ YT TPER JSV XLMW WYWXEMREFPI RIMKLFSYVLSSH XLIQWIPZIW FEVKEMRIH [MXL XLI GMX] ERH GSRXEGXIH EVGLMXIGXW XS LIPT XLIQ -R E QEXXIV SJ ]IEVW E RIMKLFSYVLSSH SJ FYMPHMRKW [EW GVIEXIH MX FIRI´XW JVSQ WLEVIH JEGMPMXMIW WSPEV TS[IV W]WXIQW WTIGMEP XLIVQEP MWSPEXMSR E FEPERGIH ZIRXMPEXMSR W]WXIQ XLI TSWWMFMPMX] XS I\XIRH LSYWIW EW JEQMPMIW KIX FMKKIV PSXW SJ KVIIR MR XLI RIMKLFSYVLSSH E WLEVIH KEVHIR RIMKLFSYVLSSH LIPT ERH GEV WLEVMRK -XW VIWMHIRXW EVI ZIV] WIPJ WYJ´GMIRX ERH EVVERKI PSXW SJ MRMXMEXMZIW ¦ WYGL EW LERH GVEJXW E WLEVIH GEVVMIV G]GPI GEVWLEVI IXG JVSQ [LMGL FSXL MRLEFMXERXW ERH XLI VIWX SJ XLI neighbourhood now benefit.

Society. *I[IV GEVW MR XLI RIMKLFSYVLSSH PIEHMRK XS E QSVI GLMPH JVMIRHP] TPEGI E HMZIVWI KVSYT SJ MRLEFMXERXW PSXW SJ EGXMZMXMIW XS FVMRK ERH OIIT TISTPI XSKIXLIV WSGMEP GSRXEGX [MXLMR XLI RIMKLFSYVLSSH MRRSZEXMZI MRMXMEXMZIW E JIIPMRK SJ FIMRK TEVX SJ E [LSPI

Context % KVSYT SJ TISTPI JIPX XLI RIIH JSV ER IRZMVSRQIRXEPP] JVMIRHP] PMZMRK WTEGI E OMRH SJ HIZIPSTQIRX not provided by the state. The only way to get a socially and environmentally sustainable place to live was to plan it themselves. Seven people started planning the neighbourhood. After a year ERH E LEPJ XLI GMX] SJ 9XVIGLX EKVIIH XS GS STIVEXI &] XLMW XMQI XLI RYQFIV SJ TISTPI TPERRMRK XLI TVSNIGX MXW JYXYVI MRLEFMXERXW LEH KVS[R % PSGEXMSR [EW JSYRH ¦ 0IMHWGLI 6MNR E RI[ RIMKLFSYVLSSH MR E WYFYVF SJ 9XVIGLX

Environment. 6IWSYVGIW EVI YWIH IJ´GMIRXP] ERH WTEVMRKP] 8LIVI EVI EQSRK SXLIVW E GEV WLEVMRK TVSNIGX QER] KVIIR EVIEW QEMRXEMRIH F] FSXL MRLEFMXERXW ERH LMVIH [SVOIVW WLEVIH JEGMPMXMIW MRGPYHMRK IRZMVSRQIRXEPP] JVMIRHP] [EWLMRK QEGLMRIW ERH STXMQYQ YWI SJ REXYVEP VIWSYVGIW WYGL as solar cells for energy and rain water for domestic use. Economy. 8LI MRLEFMXERXW TE] E GSRXVMFYXMSR ERH E JII JSV XLIMV TEVOMRK TPEGI XS XLI EWWSGMEXMSR TE] VIRX XS ª4SVXEEP« XLI LSYWMRK EWWSGMEXMSR TE] QEMRXIRERGI GSWXW JSV XLI S[RIH LSYWIW XS XLI S[RIVW« EWWSGMEXMSR ERH TE] JSV YWI SJ EPP XLI WIVZMGIW LERHGEVX WLEVIH GEVW &] SVKERMWMRK GIVXEMR WIVZMGIW XLIQWIPZIW ERH F] WLEVMRK JEGMPMXMIW XLI] WEZI QSRI] -R JYXYVI MX QMKLX IZIR FI possible for the community to be paid by the power company for any extra energy they produce from the roof-top solar cells.

Current situation (I /IVWIRXYMR GEQI XS PMJI MR (IGIQFIV 2S[ MX MW ER EGXMZI GSQQYRMX] MR E QEXYVI WXEKI of development. The community now opens up and informs other people and organisations MRXIVIWXIH MR XLI MRMXMEXMZIW 8LIVI EVI RS TPERW XS I\TERH (I /IVWIRXYMR FYX XLI MRLEFMXERXW LSTI XLEX XLI RYQFIV SJ WMQMPEV MRMXMEXMZIW [MPP OIIT KVS[MRK ERH RI[ WGLIQIW [MPP FI WXEVXIH F] TISTPI PMOI XLIQWIPZIW

The experience

Design challenges

8LI TPIEWYVI SJ XEOMRK GEVI SJ ERH JIIPMRK VIWTSRWMFPI Creating a platform for sharing ideas JSV XLIMV S[R ERH XLI GSQQSR IRZMVSRQIRX and opinions. 4VMHI MR QEOMRK ERH QEMRXEMRMRK E VIEP WYWXEMREFPI neighbourhood.

Authors 89 )MRHLSZIR 8LI 2IXLIVPERHW =ERMGO %EVWIR )QMIP 0EKEVHI (MGO 6YXXIR 2MOS :IKX

Benefits for the community: _Car sharing - 16 people/families share two cars thus decreasing car use _Community centre - residents organise parties, meetings etc. _Common garden - improves the quality of the outer space and contact with neighbours _Launderette - a cheap way of washing clothes _Carrier cycle - a way of shopping without a car _Handcarts - for easy transport of goods _Climatic comfort - all houses have individual ventilation systems which can be adjusted according to the number of inhabitants, thermal isolation and use solar energy.

24 (housing)

People learn to build their own homes and live in eco-efficient, natural buildings.

United Kingdom, KInghorn Loch Fife

Earthship, Fife

&] 1MGLEIP 6I]RSPHW 7YWXEMREFPI 'SQQYRMXMIW -RMXMEXMZIW [[[ WGM WGSXPERH SVK YO IEVXLWLMT LXQP

Solution

The benefits

)EVXLWLMT LSYWIW SJJIV TISTPI XLI STTSVXYRMX] XS FYMPH XLIMV S[R LSQIW ERH QEOI E GSRWGMSYW HIGMWMSR XS PMZI PMKLXP] SR XLI IEVXL )EGL LSQI MW E TEWWMZI WSPEV FYMPHMRK QEHI JVSQ REXYVEP ERH VIG]GPIH QEXIVMEPW MW TS[IVIH F] VIRI[EFPI IRIVK] WYGL EW [MRH [EXIV ERH WSPEV TS[IV GEXGLIW MXW S[R [EXIV WYTTP] JVSQ VEMR[EXIV ERH XVIEXW ERH GSRXEMRW MXW S[R WI[EKI MR TPERXIV FIHW -X MW a concept and can be adapted for any climate worldwide. The purpose of Earthship is to inform people of the simple ways in which they can reduce their impact on the environment. The construction of Earthship houses (reclaimed tyres filled with GSQTEGXIH IEVXL [MXL E KPE^IH WSYXL JEGMRK [EPP EPPS[W XLIVQEP QEWW QE\MQYQ LIEX VIXIRXMSR ERH MRWYPEXMSR 8LMW MW TEVXMGYPEVP] ETTVSTVMEXI JSV XLI 7GSXXMWL GPMQEXI XLI [IXXIWX GPMQEXI MR [LMGL ER )EVXLWLMT LEW FIIR FYMPX 8LI TVSNIGX MW FIMRK QSRMXSVIH XS EWWIWW XLI JIEWMFMPMX] SJ YWMRK reclaimed tyres as a building material in the construction of mainstream housing.

Society. &IGEYWI XLI TVSNIGX KMZIW TISTPI XLI STTSVXYRMX] XS FYMPH XLIMV S[R LSQIW ERH XLI RIGIWWEV] I\TIVMIRGI XLVSYKL XLI [SVOWLSTW MX HMWWIQMREXIW XIGLRMGEP GSQTIXIRGI MR IGS building. Environment. The buildings themselves have little impact on their environment and are powered through renewable energy. Economy. People can decide to start building or restoring their house according to the eco-design principles without having to refer to professional consultants.

Context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

Current situation

The experience

'SRWXVYGXMSR SJ 7GSXPERH«W ERH XLI 9/«W ´VWX )EVXLWLMT FIKER MR .YP] ERH STIRIH XS XLI TYFPMG MR %YKYWX 8LI TVSNIGX MW ZIV] µI\MFPI ERH MW GSRWXERXP] FIMRK MQTVSZIH %PXLSYKL GSRWXVYGXMSR MW GSQTPIXI XLI WYVVSYRHMRK PERH MRGPYHMRK KVIIRLSYWIW ERH E ZIKIXEFPI TEXGL MW WXMPP IZSPZMRK ERH XLI ZSPYRXIIVW EVI PIEVRMRK QSVI EW XLI WIEWSRW GLERKI 8LI TVSNIGX VIPMIW SR HSREXMSRW SJ QSRI] PEFSYV ERH QEXIVMEPW EPXLSYKL MX EPWS ETTPMIW JSV JYRHMRK JVSQ ETTVSTVMEXI IRZMVSRQIRXEP FSHMIW E PMWX SJ [LMGL GER FI JSYRH SR XLIMV [IFWMXI 3RP] SRI SXLIV )EVXLWLMT TVSNIGX I\MWXW MR XLI 9/ ERH EW ]IX XLI] EVI VIPEXMZIP] PS[ TVS´PI

4PIEWYVI MR XEOMRK GEVI SJ XLI 1EOMRK XLI IGS W]WXIQ EZEMPEFPI ERH environment and feeling responsible for it. affordable for domestic use. 4VMHI MR FIMRK EFPI XS FYMPH SRI«W S[R LSYWI 'VIEXMRK E TPEXJSVQ JSV WLEVMRK XSSPW ERH WOMPPW for people who want to contribute/build their own house.

Authors 7GLSSP SJ (IWMKR 8LI +PEWKS[ 7GLSSP SJ %VX 7GSXPERH 2EXEPMI 0EQFIVX .SERRI 8EYFIV

Design challenges

26 (housing)

A sustainable community, harmlessly integrated into the natural environment.

United Kingdom, Findhorn, Scotland

Findhorn Ecovillage By Findhorn Foundation www.ecovillagefindhorn.com

Solution

The benefits

*MRHLSVR )GS :MPPEKI GSQFMRIW PSGEP SVKERMG JSSH TVSHYGXMSR IGSPSKMGEP FYMPHMRK IRIVK] W]WXIQW ERH GSSTIVEXMZI WSGMEP IGSRSQMIW XS GVIEXI E JYPP] WYWXEMREFPI GSQQYRMX] MX MW ER IGSPSKMGEPP] VIWTIGXJYP FYMPX IRZMVSRQIRX TVSZMHMRK E KSSH I\EQTPI XS PSGEP VYVEP GSQQYRMXMIW -X TVSZMHIW E WYWXEMREFPI [E] SJ PMJI JSV VIWMHIRXW HIQSRWXVEXIW GS GVIEXMSR [MXL REXYVI ERH WYTTPMIW E TPEGI XS IHYGEXI MR PMZMRK WYWXEMREFMPMX] 8LI *MRHLSVR 'SQQYRMX] MW ORS[R MRXIVREXMSREPP] JSV MXW experiments with new models of holistic and sustainable living. Cooperation and co-creation with REXYVI LEZI EP[E]W FIIR XIRIXW SJ XLI GSQQYRMX]Â«W [SVO IZIV WMRGI MX FIGEQI JEQSYW MR XLI PEXI W JSV MXW VIQEVOEFPI ERH FIEYXMJYP KEVHIRW KVS[R MR EHZIVWI GSRHMXMSRW SR XLI WERH HYRIW SJ the Findhorn peninsula.

Society. ,SPMWXMG PMZMRK QIERW IWXEFPMWLMRK E HMVIGX LEVQSRMG VIPEXMSR FIX[IIR REXYVI ERH QER ERH promotes tolerance and respect in the society. Environment. *MRHLSVR MRXIKVEXIW PSGEP SVKERMG JSSH TVSHYGXMSR IGSPSKMGEP FYMPHMRK ERH IRIVK] systems in a fully sustainable community. Economy. 2I[ XSSPW JSV PS[ IRIVK] PMZMRK LEZI IQVKIH EW LEZI RI[ FYWMRIWW QSHIPW XLEX IREFPI technical innovations to be disseminated.

Context 8LIVI MW ER MRGVIEWMRKP] YVKIRX RIIH JSV TSWMXMZI QSHIPW XLEX HIQSRWXVEXI E ZMEFPI WYWXEMREFPI JYXYVI JSV LYQERW ERH XLI TPERIX 8LI *MRHLSVR *SYRHEXMSR IWXEFPMWLIH F] XLI GSQQYRMX] MR MW E QENSV GIRXVI SJ LSPMWXMG IHYGEXMSR GSRHYGXMRK TVSKVEQQIW JSV QSVI XLER VIWMHIRXMEP visitors a year from more than 50 countries. Today it is the heart of what has become one of largest holistic communities in the world and is the centre of this rapidly developing eco village. 7MRGI XLI JSYRHEXMSR LEW FIIR MRZSPZIH MR XLI HIZIPSTQIRX SJ XLI )GSZMPPEKI 4VSNIGX EW E REXYVEP GSRXMRYEXMSR SJ XLI GSQQYRMX]Â«W [SVO [MXL REXYVI % RYQFIV SJ SXLIV SVKERMWEXMSRW [MXLMR XLI GSQQYRMX] [SVO MR TEVXRIVWLMT [MXL XLI JSYRHEXMSR XS LIPT GVIEXI ERH HIZIPST XLI *MRHLSVR )GSZMPPEKI 4VSNIGX

Current situation )GS :MPPEKI FIKER MR XLI RI\X QENSV HIZIPSTQIRX TLEWI JSV XLI *MRHLSVR 'SQQYRMX] [MPP FI I\TERHMRK XLI ZMPPEKI [MXL LYRHVIHW SJ RI[ RSR XS\MG IGS LSQIW 8LI GSQQYRMX] LEW KVS[R ERH I\TERHIH WMRGI ERH MW RS[ HIITP] VSSXIH ERH WXEFPI 8LI JSYRHEXMSR LEW VIGIMZIH KVIEX VIGSKRMXMSR JVSQ XLI PSGEP IRXIVTVMWI FSEVH [LMGL RS[ ETTVIGMEXIW XLEX MX KIRIVEXIW Â&#x2020; QMPPMSR [SVXL SJ LSYWILSPH MRGSQI MR XLI EVIE ERH WYTTSVXW SZIV NSFW -X EPWS EGORS[PIHKIW XLI WSGMEP IHYGEXMSREP GYPXYVEP ERH IRZMVSRQIRXEP FIRIÂ´X XS XLI EVIE 8LI JSYRHEXMSR MW E RSX JSV profit charitable organisation. Some figures from annual report 2004: SJ XLI JSYRHEXMSRÂ«W VIZIRYI Â&#x2020; GSQIW JVSQ IHYGEXMSREP MRGSQI RIX EWWIXW MR [IVI Â&#x2020; ERH EJXIV GSWXW XLI WYVTPYW [EW Â&#x2020; LI QEMR I\TIRHMXYVI [EW WXEJÂ´RK Â&#x2020; JSPPS[IH F] VIRX JYIP ERH QEMRXIRERGI GSWXW Â&#x2020;

The experience

Design challenges

Pleasure from being part of a pilot TVSNIGX SJ WYWXEMREFPI PMZMRK

1EOMRK ER IGS W]WXIQ EZEMPEFPI ERH EJJSVHEFPI JSV domestic use.

Authors 7GLSSP SJ (IWMKR 8LI +PEWKS[ 7GLSSP SJ %VX 7GSXPERH %VMERRE 1EHMSXXS 7STLME ;IWX[MGO

28 (housing)

Residents transform an abandoned plot into a shared neighbourhood garden.

France, Paris

Jardin Nomade - Nomadic Garden By Association Quartier Saint Bernard AQSB www.qsb11.org

Solution

The benefits

8LMW VYR HS[R I]IWSVI [EW XVERWJSVQIH MRXS E H]REQMG PSGEPP] VYR GSQQYRMX] KEVHIR QIIXMRK ERH IZIRXW WTEGI 8LI WUYEVI QIXVI WLEVIH KEVHIR MW E TPEXJSVQ JSV E QYPXMXYHI SJ EGXMZMXMIW it inspires interaction between generations and involvement with local schools. The Jardin Nomade offers a free and open space where locals of all age groups can meet and have fun. A monthly QIIXMRK MW LIPH F] XLI %WWSGMEXMSR HY 5YEVXMIV 7EMRX &IVREVH %57& XS I\GLERKI MRJSVQEXMSR SVKERMWI IZIRXW ERH HIEP [MXL ER] TVSFPIQW 'PEYHMRI 6EMPPEVH E TVSJIWWMSREP KEVHIRIV TIVJSVQW XLI KIRIVEP QEREKIQIRX ERH WYTIVZMWMSR SJ XLI KEVHIR HVE[W YT GSRXVEGXW HMWXVMFYXIW MRHMZMHYEP KEVHIR TPSXW KMZIW KEVHIRMRK EHZMGI ERH TVSKVEQQIW EGXMZMXMIW YRHIVXEOIW IRZMVSRQIRXEP VIWIEVGL WYGL EW [EXIV GSPPIGXMSR ERH SVKERMWIH XLI FVMGO EVGLMXIGXYVI LYX TVSNIGX

Society. .2 MRWTMVIW MRXIV KIRIVEXMSREP MRXIVEGXMSR MRZSPZIQIRX [MXL WGLSSPW [LMGL GER I\XIRH EGXMZMXMIW SYXHSSVW XS E WEJI PSGEP GMX] ZIRYI ERH EWWSGMEXMSRW ERH GVIEXIW E LIEPXLMIV IRZMVSRQIRX Claudine Raillard (AQSB) is devoted to community action and increasing environmental awareness XLVSYKL GMX] KEVHIRMRK 8IIREKIVW EVI XEOMRK ER MRXIVIWX MR XLI KEVHIR WMRGI ]SYRK KVEJÂ´XM EVXMWXW TEMRXIH XLI QYVEP SR XLI FEGO [EPP QEOMRK XLI KEVHIR ZMWMFPI JVSQ JEV E[E] )ZIR XLI IPHIVP] ERH unemployed are finding roles and exchanging expertise.

Context 8LI .EVHMR 2SQEHI .2 MW MR E UYMIX VIWMHIRXMEP TEVX SJ 4EVMW FIX[IIR X[S FYW] WXVIIXW XS XLI IEWX SJ XLI &EWXMPPI (IWTMXI XLI MRÂµY\ SJ ]SYRK TISTPI ERH XSYVMWXW EXXVEGXIH F] XLI PMZIP] WLSTTMRK GEJq ERH FEV EGXMZMXMIW XLIVI MW WXMPP E WXVSRK PSGEP WTMVMX MR XLI RIMKLFSYVLSSH Â´IVGIP] WYTTSVXIH F] PSGEP EWWSGMEXMSRW WYGL EW XLI %57& 3R XLI MRMXMEXMZI SJ PSGEP VIWMHIRXW WYTTSVXIH F] XLI %57& .2 [EW HIZIPSTIH EW E GSQQYRMX] KEVHIR FYMPX SR E WMXI [LMGL LEH FIIR EFERHSRIH JSV EPQSWX E HIGEHI 0SGEP VIWMHIRXW ERH JEQMPMIW YRHIVXEOI XLI HEMP] GEVI ERH GYPXMZEXMSR SJ XLI ZIKIXEFPI KEVHIR ERH PSGEP WGLSSPW TVSZMHI IRZMVSRQIRXEP IHYGEXMSR EGXMZMXMIW JSV XLI GLMPHVIR

Current situation %JXIV WIZIVEP ]IEVW SJ XV]MRK ERH E GLERKI SJ QYRMGMTEP PIEHIVWLMT .2 GEQI XS PMJI MR *VSQ ER IQTX] TPSX XLI Â´VWX ÂµS[IVW ERH ZIKIXEFPIW [IVI LEVZIWXIH MR 8LI KEVHIR [EW FPSSQMRK 8LI .2 MW RS[ EYXLSVMWIH XS VIQEMR SR WMXI YRXMP .2 LEW MRWTMVIH XLI HIWMKR SJ XLI 1EMR :IVXI W]WXIQ ER IRZMVSRQIRXEP GLEVXIV GVIEXIH F] XLI :MPPI HI 4EVMW TEVOW ERH KEVHIRW HITEVXQIRX [LMGL YRHIVTMRW XLI TVSXSGSP JSV YWI SJ XLI KEVHIR ERH WIXW SYX VYPIW JSV IRZMVSRQIRXEP FILEZMSYV 8LI GLEVXIV LEW WIVZIH XS MRWTMVI SXLIV WMQMPEV TVSNIGXW MR 4EVMW and periphery. The garden has matured and the success of the neighbourhood dynamic widely recognised. Originally designed to be moved on once the city-owned plot is reclaimed (a multimedia centre is WGLIHYPIH XS VITPEGI XLI KEVHIR MR PSGEPW LSTI XLEX XLI GMX] [MPP QEOI XLI KEVHIR TIVQERIRX 8LMW WIIQW QSVI ERH QSVI PMOIP] 'MX] ,EPP PSERW XLI WMXI TVSZMHIW MRJVEWXVYGXYVI WIVZMGMRK ERH IUYMTQIRX .2 TVSZMHIW QEREKIQIRX WYTIVZMWMSR ERH KEVHIRMRK EHZMGI ERH HMWXVMFYXIW XLI KEVHIR TPSXW )EGL GSWX IYVS IEGL SJ [LMGL KSIW XS .2 ERH XS 'MX] ,EPP

Environment. 8LI 1EMR :IVXI +VIIR ,ERH GLEVXIV WYTTSVXW WYGL MRMXMEXMZIW EW TEVX SJ 4EVMW GMX] [MHI TSPMG] JSV WYWXEMREFPI HIZIPSTQIRX XLMW IRGSYVEKIW PSGEP GSRWYPXEXMSR TEVXMGMTEXMSR ÂªKVIIRMRKÂ« XLI GMX] IXG 8LI GLEVXIV WXEXIW XLEX EPP WMXIW QYWX VIWTIGX XLI IRZMVSRQIRX HIZIPST FMSHMZIVWMX] ERH IRGSYVEKI EGXMSRW XS HIZIPST IRZMVSRQIRXEP ERH GMZMG VIWTSRWMFMPMX] IWTIGMEPP] MR XLI ]SYRK Economy. AQSB used growing boxes designed by students. City Hall may sponsor a series for use MR SXLIV TVSNIGXW ;MRHQMPPW HIGSVEXMSRW [IVI HIZIPSTIH F] E HIWMKRIV [MXL PSGEP GLMPHVIR JVSQ TPEWXMG [EWXI %WWSGMEXMSR %/%6%7 GSRWXVYGXIH E LYX SR WMXI [MXL PSGEPW XS HIQSRWXVEXI FVMGO EVGLMXIGXYVI 1EMR :IVXI LEW MRWTMVIH [SVOMRK TVSNIGXW ERH TVSTSWEPW JSV JYXYVI WMXIW

The experience

Design challenges

4PIEWYVI MR XEOMRK GEVI SJ SRIÂ«W S[R and common environment and feeling responsible for it. 4VMHI MR QEOMRK ERH QEMRXEMRMRK E better neighbourhood. Expressing oneself in creating original garden designs.

9WMRK YWIH KVS[MRK FS\IW HIWMKRIH F] WXYHIRXW MR SXLIV TVSNIGXW Developing decorations by designers with local children.

Authors )27'- 0IW %XIPMIVW 4EVMW *VERGI

Everyone, including passers-by, gains from greening the city, increased environmental awareness in children and teenagers, and the emergence of inter-generational and intercultural exchange. Healthy, outdoor nature activities for all have evolved. The dilemma is that JN has become a victim of its success - there are now too many users for too few growing plots!

30 (housing)

Public green makes a neighbourhood more beautiful and welcoming.

The Netherlands, Utrecht

Loan Gardens &] 2MIY[ 9XVIGLX %WWSGMEXMSR

Solution

The benefits

0SER +EVHIRW MW EFSYX XLI QEMRXIRERGI SJ TYFPMG KVIIR F] XLI RIMKLFSYVLSSH«W VIWMHIRXW 8LIVI are a lot of public green spaces in Overvecht: residents wanted to use these particular areas to KMZI XLI RIMKLFSYVLSSH QSVI MHIRXMX] 6IWMHIRXW [LS [ERX XS KEVHIR ´VWX EWO TIVQMWWMSR JVSQ XLI GSQQYRMX] GIRXVI [LMGL TVSZMHIW XLI MRJSVQEXMSR XLI] RIIH ;LIR TIVQMWWMSR MW KVERXIH VIWMHIRXW VIGIMZI E QEREKIQIRX GSRXVEGX ERH WSQI JYRHMRK [LMGL QEOIW XLI MRLEFMXERX JYPP] responsible for the maintenance of a piece of public space. Now she/he can start gardening. An EWWSGMEXMSR TVSZMHIW EHZMGI KEVHIRMRK GSYVWIW ERH TPERXW JSV XLI MRLEFMXERXW ERH XLI HMWXVMGX SJ´GI ERH WXYHIRXW SJ RIEVF] ;IPPERX 'SPPIKI LIPT [MXL XLI TPERXMRK

Society. 7MRGI XLI VIWMHIRXW WXEVXIH HSMRK XLMRKW XSKIXLIV GSQQYRMGEXMSR FEVVMIVW LEZI HMQMRMWLIH WLEVTP] +EVHIRMRK TVSZMHIW ER STTSVXYRMX] JSV E (YXGL [SQER XS XEPO [MXL E 1SVSGGER QER IXG 4ISTPI LEZI WXEVXIH JIIPMRK QSVI EGGITXIH MR WSGMIX] MQTVSZMRK XLIMV HEMP] PMZIW 8LI JIEV SJ XLI YRORS[R LEW HMWETTIEVIH ¦ JSV I\EQTPI VIWMHIRXW RS[ ORS[ XLEX SRI SJ XLI LERK EVSYRH ]SYRKWXIVW [LS TVIZMSYWP] XLI] TIVGIMZIH EW XLVIEXIRMRK MW MR JEGX XLI WSR SJ 1V 'LEQPM XLIMV neighbour.

Context 3ZIVZIGLX MW E WYFYVF FYMPX MR XLI XMIW MR 9XVIGLX -X GSRWMWXW QEMRP] SJ ETTEVXEQIRX FYMPHMRKW VIRXIH F] TISTPI [MXL PS[ MRGSQIW ERH JVSQ HMJJIVIRX GYPXYVIW XLI EVIE XIRHIH XS FI HVEF ERH KVI] ERH PEGOIH E TSWMXMZI MHIRXMX] %RSXLIV TVSFPIQ [EW XLEX VIWMHIRXW XIRHIH RSX XS ORS[ IEGL SXLIV IZIR MR XLIMV S[R ETTEVXEQIRX FPSGO ERH JIPX RS VIWTSRWMFMPMX] JSV XLIMV RIMKLFSYVW

Environment. 8LI IRZMVSRQIRX KIXW ER MHIRXMX] FIGEYWI IZIV] KEVHIRIV SV VIWMHIRXW« GSQQMXXII EHHW E KEVHIR HIWMKR -X EPWS QIERW E GPIERIV IRZMVSRQIRX [MXL FSXL KEVHIRIVW ERH RSR KEVHIRIVW PSSOMRK SYX JSV PMXXIV Economy. 8LI PSGEP EYXLSVMX] GER WEZI SR TYFPMG WTEGI QEMRXIRERGI RS[ XLI KVIIR WTEGIW EVI better managed.

Current situation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district office or the housing corporation providing funding when necessary. The district office has a district budget which is also available for the gardens.

The experience

Design challenges

4PIEWYVI MR XEOMRK GEVI SJ FSXL MRHMZMHYEP ERH GSQQSR IRZMVSRQIRX ERH JIIPMRK responsible for it. 4VMHI MR GVIEXMRK ERH QEMRXEMRMRK E FIXXIV neighbourhood. Expressing oneself in creating original garden designs.

Creating services and infrastructure to manage problems collectively. Generating platforms for sharing instruments ERH WOMPPW

Authors 89 )MRHLSZIR 8LI 2IXLIVPERHW 0YGEW &SW .YWWYJ /STEPMX .SIP 6IRI &EVX 7QMX

32 (housing)

How valuable used construction materials and components are re-used.

Estonia, Tallinn

Materjalid.net – Used construction material recycling &] 1EXIVNEPMH RIX LXXT QEXIVNEPMH RIX

Solution

The benefits

8LMW TVSNIGX XIEGLIW TISTPI EFSYX SPH ERH YWIH QEXIVMEPW WS XLEX XLI] GER FI VI YWIH IRVMGLMRK XLI RI[ IRZMVSRQIRX -X GSPPIGXW VIQSZIW WXSGOW ERH XVERWTSVXW ZEPYEFPI YWIH FYMPHMRK ERH GSRWXVYGXMSR IPIQIRXW VERKMRK JVSQ HSSV LERHPIW ERH TSWXFS\ PEFIPW XS FVMGOW WXEMV[E]W ERH VSSJ HIXEMPW 1EXIVNMPEH ´RHW SYX EFSYX TSXIRXMEP VIGPEMQEFPI QEXIVMEPW JVSQ GSRWXVYGXMSR SV VIEP IWXEXI GSQTERMIW [LS EVI HIQSPMWLMRK SPH FYMPHMRKW XS HIZIPST RI[ TVSNIGXW SV QIQFIVW SJ XLI TYFPMG MRXIVIWXIH MR E WYWXEMREFPI PMJIWX]PI 4VSNIGX QEREKIV :EPHYV 0MPPIQIXW SVKERMWIW XLI XVERWTSVXEXMSR ERH WXSGOMRK SJ QEXIVMEPW ERH TSWXW MRJSVQEXMSR EFSYX RI[ ´RHMRKW SR XLI [IFWMXI 8LI SVKERMWEXMSR FSXL WIPPW XLI IPIQIRXW ZME XLI [IFWMXI SV JVSQ XLI WXSGO EVIE ERH VYRW [SVOWLSTW EFSYX VIRSZEXMSR 4ISTPI EVI XEYKLX XS PIRKXLIR XLI PMJIWTER SJ SFNIGXW XLEX LEZI served us well rather than throw them away.

Society. New groups interested in sustainable renovation and recycling of used materials are IQIVKMRK XLEROW XS [SVOWLSTW VIKYPEVP] SVKERMWIH F] 1EXIVNEPMH RIX GSSVHMREXSVW 4EVXMGMTEXMSR MR XLIWI [SVOWLSTW IRGSYVEKIW TIVWSREP MRZSPZIQIRX MR XLI VIRSZEXMSR SJ LSQIW ERH IRGSYVEKIW TEVXMGMTERXW XS PSSO EJXIV XLIMV S[R IRZMVSRQIRX 2IZIVXLIPIWW QSVI EGXMZI TVSQSXMSR ZME QEWW communication would increase awareness of using old materials in renovation. Only a very small TIVGIRXEKI SJ TISTPI EVI E[EVI SJ WYWXEMREFPI VIRSZEXMSR ERH XLI STXMSR SJ PMZMRK MR XLI GMX]«W original wooden housing areas.

Context

Economy. 2I[ GSQTSQIRXW GSWX QSVI XLER YWIH GSQTSRIRXW -R JEGX WEZMRK QSRI] MW ZIV] SJXIR the main reason why young families buy used materials.

8EPPMRR ERH SXLIV )WXSRMER GMXMIW EVI VMGL MR SVMKMREP TVIWIVZIH [SSHIR LSYWMRK &YX XLI MRXIRWMZI TIVMSH SJ GSRWXVYGXMSR ERH VIRSZEXMSR XLEX WXEVXIH JSPPS[MRK MRHITIRHIRGI MR ERH JSPPS[MRK XLI WLMJX JVSQ TYFPMG XS TVMZEXI TVSTIVX] LEW LEH E WXVSRK MRµYIRGI SR TISTPI«W XEWXI ERH TVIJIVIRGIW 2S[ IZIV]XLMRK XLEX MW RI[ ERH MQTSVXIH MW EXXVEGXMZI ERH XLI SPH ERH LSQIQEHI is not worth considering. This attitude has resulted in several culturally and historically important FYMPHMRKW FIMRK HIWXVS]IH ERH XLI [EWXI SJ ZEPYEFPI QEXIVMEPW )RZMVSRQIRXEP XLMROMRK LEW HIZIPSTIH MR XLI STTSWMXI [E] XS ;IWXIVR )YVSTI SRP] KEMRMRK EXXIRXMSR MR XLI PEWX JI[ ]IEVW *SVXYREXIP] XLIVI EVI SVKERMWEXMSRW XLEX TVSQSXI WYWXEMREFPI XLMROMRK ERH VIWSYVGI WEZMRK 3RI SJ XLIWI MW XLI -RJSVQEXMSR 'IRXVI JSV 7YWXEMREFPI 6IRSZEXMSR

76-/ [LSWI QEMR TVSNIGX MW QEXIVNEPMH RIX

Current situation 1EXIVNEPMH RIX [EW WXEVXIH MR XLI FIKMRRMRK SJ F] 76-/ ERH 8EPPMRR 'YPXYVEP ,IVMXEKI (ITEVXQIRX HVMZIR F] 8EVQS )PZMWXS [LS MW E TEWWMSREXI TVSQSXIV SJ WYWXEMREFPI XLMROMRK ERH VIRSZEXMSR The concept of recycling used materials and elements was created with support from renovators ERH SXLIV WTIGMEPMWXW [LS JSVQ E WXVSRK ERH WYTTSVXMZI GSQQYRMX] %PXLSYKL XLMW OMRH SJ TVSNIGX GER FI JSYRH MR SXLIV )YVSTIER GSYRXVMIW IWTIGMEPP] MR XLI 2SVHMG VIKMSR VIG]GPMRK MW WXMPP VEVI MR SPH 7SZMIX GSYRXVMIW 8LI TVSNIGX MRMXMEXIH MR 8EPPMRR GER FI GSRWMHIVIH EW E TMPSX ERH QIQFIVW SJ QEXIVNEPMH RIX [MPP STIR JEGMPMXMIW JSV WXSGOMRK ERH TVIWIVZMRK QEXIVMEPW MR SXLIV )WXSRMER GMXMIW MR the near future.

Environment. 6IG]GPMRK YWIH QEXIVMEPW MW HMVIGXP] GSRRIGXIH XS WYWXEMREFPI XLMROMRK ERH VIWSYVGI GSRWIVZEXMSR 9WMRK SPH QEXIVMEPW IPMQMREXIW XLI RIIH JSV ER] I\XVE IRIVK] SV TVSHYGXMSR VIWSYVGIW ERH XLI] EVI KIRIVEPP] TVSHYGIH YWMRK XVEHMXMSREP XIGLRMUYIW [LMGL EVIR«X LEVQJYP XS XLI environment.

The experience

Design challenges

Pleasure of adapting valuable building components from the past XS IRVMGL SRI«W S[R LSYWI Leaning to restore valuable parts of old buildings.

Similar centres should be set up all over Estonia to GSZIV E PEVKIV EVIE ERH E[EVIRIWW SJ VIG]GPMRK LMWXSVMGEP building components encouraged systematically and vigorously via mass communication. 8LI TVSNIGX IRGSYVEKIW TISTPI XS XLMRO WYWXEMREFP] ERH XS QEOI QE\MQYQ YWI SJ I\MWXMRK VIWSYVGIW

Authors )WXSRMER %GEHIQ] SJ %VXW )WXSRME iPPI .ILI

For people interested in renovating their own homes, Materjalid.net is perfect. Once they have attended the lecture on sustainable renovation techniques or bought a used component, they will probably be involved with sustainable thinking for the rest of their lives. Typical users of the project are young families, renovating their apartments themselves in a district of old wooden houses, and want to do it cheaply, stylishly and with originality.

34 (housing)

Amateur gardeners learn to reduce the use of herbicides while keeping their garden healthy.

The Netherlands, various locations

Milieuvriendelijk Tuinieren – Environmental friendly gardening &] (0:+VSIR 6YMQXI [[[ QMPMIYZVMIRHIPMNOXYMRMIVIR RP

Solution

The benefits

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

Society. 1SWX TISTPI LEZI FIIR VEMWIH XS FI EGGYWXSQIH XS MRXIRWMZI EKVMGYPXYVI [MXL MXW LIEZ] YWI SJ JIVXMPMWIV ERH PEGO SJ VIWTIGX JSV REXYVI )RZMVSRQIRXEPP] JVMIRHP] KEVHIRMRK IREFPIW TISTPI to understand the natural lifecycle better.

The background context

Environment. 8LMW QIXLSH MW KSSH JSV XLI IRZMVSRQIRX EW RS JIVXMPMWIVW SV XS\MG GLIQMGEPW EVI FIMRK YWIH 8LI TPERXW EVI LIEPXLMIV FIGEYWI XLI] EVI I\TSWIH XS FEGXIVME ERH JYRKYW ERH XLIVIF] LEZI XLIMV S[R VIWMWXERGI EKEMRWX XLIQ VIGVIEXMRK REXYVEP WIPIGXMSR ERH ªWYVZMZEP SJ XLI ´XXIWX« Economy. +EVHIRMRK GSYPH FIGSQI E QSVI TSTYPEV LSFF] TVSZMHMRK ER STTSVXYRMX] JSV E RI[ range of products and services. For small gardening the costs of adopting environmentally friendly QIXLSHW EVI TVIXX] PS[ F] YWMRK JSV I\EQTPI GSQTSWX QEHI JVSQ [EWXI JVSQ XLI WEQI KEVHIR

Most gardens are less environmentally friendly than they might appear. People often use machines ERH GLIQMGEPW WYGL EW LIVFMGMHIW ERH JIVXMPMWIVW XS OIIT XLI TPERXW LIEPXL] ERH KVS[MRK [IPP -X MW TSWWMFPI XS EGLMIZI E LIEPXL] KEVHIR [MXLSYX YWMRK GLIQMGEPW FYX XLMW ORS[PIHKI SJ IGSPSKMGEP gardening is not widely shared.

Current situation 8LI 1MPMIYZVMIRHIPMNOXYMRMIVIR TVSNIGX ¦ ´RERGIH F] XLI KSZIVRQIRX ERH I\IGYXIH F] (0:+VSIR 6YMQXI ¦ WXEVXIH MR ERH [EW ´RMWLIH MR .ERYEV] 8LI :)08 EWWSGMEXMSR LEW FIIR VYRRMRK JSV WIZIVEP ]IEVW LEW QIQFIVW ERH MW WXMPP KVS[MRK 8LI [IF WMXI WXMPP I\MWXW FYX YRJSVXYREXIP] MW RSX YTHEXIH ER]QSVI

The experience

Design challenges

The taste of ecological and healthy food grown by yourself. The satisfaction of giving a personal contribution to sustainable development ERH QEOMRK XLI [SVPH E LIEPXLMIV TPEGI

Creating platforms of services and tools to support non-professional farmers and gardeners. (IZIPSTMRK EQEXIYV RIX[SVOW XS WLEVI I\TIVMIRGIW ERH WOMPPW

Authors 89 )MRHLSZIR 8LI 2IXLIVPERHW 6S] (EQKVEZI 6IQGS ZER HIR &VSIO

Lettuce and leeks are seasonal winter vegetables, which people can eat instead of artificially cultivated vegetables.

In environmentally friendly gardening crop rotation is essential. One cycle lasts six years, with six types of plants cultivated in a specific order.

Ine has just started this method of maintaining the garden, and her first impressions are positive. She used to throw all the leaves and waste away; now she has reserved a place in the garden where the waste can become compost.

36 (housing)

A small rural community is revitalised.

Poland, Zawoja Przyslop

Model Eco-Friendly Hamlet &] %WWSGMEXMSR JSV 7YWXEMREFPI (IZIPSTQIRX ª4V^]WPST« [[[ TV^]WPST ^E[SNE TP

Solution 4YTMPW TEVIRXW ERH XIEGLIVW SJ XLI 2YQFIV )PIQIRXEV] 7GLSSP MR 4V^]WPST HIGMHIH XS I\TERH it into a tourist information and environmental education centre to prevent its closure. It now includes an environmental education centre whose activities include organising courses and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respecting the local cultural and natural heritage.

Context >E[SNE 4V^]WPST MW E ZMPPEKI EX XLI JSSX SJ &EFME +SVE QSYRXEMR 6IWMHIRXW [IVI MRWTMVIH XS HIZIPST IRZMVSRQIRXEP TVSNIGXW F] ER IGSPSKMGEP [MRHQMPP IVIGXIH F] *EXLIV ;MPO JVSQ E RIEVF] QSREWXIV] 8LI ª1SHIP )GS *VMIRHP] ,EQPIX«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´VWX XEWO MW XS MHIRXMJ] XLI QSWX JSV[EVH XLMROMRK ªKSSH LSYWILSPHIVW« and encourage them to change the heating systems in their homes. Once they see the economic EHZERXEKIW SJ XLI GLERKIW XLI MHIE MW XLEX XLI TMSRIIVMRK LSYWI S[RIVW MRWTMVI SXLIVW XS HS XLI same.

Current situation 8LI FYMPHMRK SJ E [MRH TS[IV WXEXMSR MR GLERKIH XLI LEQPIX«W HIWXMR] 8LI VIWMHIRXW GVIEXIH the Association for Sustainable Development in the year 2000. The idea of an ecological hamlet [EW EPVIEH] ORS[R MR 4SPERH ERH EVSYRH XLI [SVPH ERH XLI HIZIPSTQIRX ERH XVERWJIV SJ XLIWI MHIEW XS SXLIV PSGEXMSRW MW UYMXI TSWWMFPI >E[SNE 4V^]WPST«W PIEHIV [ERXW XS WTVIEH WYGL EGXMZMXMIW

EVSYRH XLI [LSPI VIKMSR ERH IZIR GVIEXI ER SVKERMWEXMSR GEPPIH ª8LI 7QEPP ,EQPIXW SJ +VIEX )YVSTI « %WWSGMEXMSR QIQFIVW ´RH WTSRWSVW JSV XLI TVSNIGX HIZIPSTQIRX 8LI VIWMHIRXW GSZIV XLI GSWXW SJ KYIWXW [LS EVVMZI JSV GSRWYPXEXMSR TYVTSWIW SJ E KMZIR TVSNIGX 4ISTPI PEVKIP] [SVO EW ZSPYRXIIVW FYX XLI GVIEXSVW SJ XLI TVSNIGX ERH GIRWYW XEOIVW EVI TEMH -X MW [SVXL IQTLEWMWMRK XLEX [MXL XLI WGLSSP WEZIH XLI XIEGLIVW GSYPH OIIT [SVOMRK ERH IEVRMRK

The benefits Society. 4ISTPI KIX WSGMEPP] IRKEKIH PSGEP VIWMHIRXW LEZI EGXMZMXMIW XLI WGLSSP MW QEMRXEMRIH XIEGLIVW OIIT XLIMV NSFW ERH GLMPHVIR GER PIEVR MR E JVMIRHP] MRXMQEXI EXQSWTLIVI GPSWI XS LSQI 8LI KVIEXIWX HVE[FEGO MW XLEX MX GPIEVP] HMZMHIW XLI VIWMHIRXW MRXS X[S KVSYTW EGXMZI ERH TEWWMZI which can divide rather than unite the society. Environment 8LI WGLIQI TVSQSXIW IRZMVSRQIRXEP HIJIRGI ERH WEZIW [EXIV ERH IRIVK] F] introducing sustainable energy systems. Economy. 8LI GSWX SJ XLI IGSPSKMGEP MRWXEPPEXMSRW MW VIGSYTIH SZIV XMQI XLI GLMPHVIR HSR«X LEZI XS TE] JSV XVERWTSVX XS WGLSSP ERH XLI WGLSSP IEVRW PSXW SJ QSRI] EX XLI JIWXMZEPW 7SQI SJ XLI EGXMZI VIWMHIRXW WSQIXMQIW KIX SRI SJJ TE]QIRXW MJ JSV I\EQTPI XLI] GSQI YT [MXL E TVSNIGX

The experience

Design challenges

Involvement in activities which result in the positive development of the village. &IMRK TEVX SJ E TMPSX TVSNIGX [LMGL GER spread to the whole region.

Improving access to and implementation of the ecological system to produce energy and manage resources. (IZIPSTMRK QEVOIXMRK

Authors %GEHIQ] SJ *MRI %VXW MR /VEOS[ 4SPERH &EVFEVE ;MIV^FERS[WOE

38 (housing)

Old furniture is given a new lease of life.

Estonia, Tallinn

Mööblikom - Furniture re-designing studio &] 1}}FPMOSQ [[[ QSSFPMOSQ GSQ

Solution

The benefits

1}}FPMOSQ MW E WLST [LIVI TISTPI FVMRK XLIMV SPH JYVRMXYVI XS FI KMZIR E RI[ PSSO ERH ´RH E RI[ S[RIV 8LI WLST WIPPW FSXL FIWTSOI ERH VIEH] QEHI JYVRMXYVI EPP QEHI JVSQ TMIGIW XLEX [SYPH SXLIV[MWI LEZI FIIR XLVS[R E[E] ERH EPWS VITEMVW JYVRMXYVI 8LI TMIGIW EVI QSWXP] JVSQ XLI W SV FIJSVI 8LI QEMR QSXMZEXMSR JSV XLI JSYRHIVW MW IRZMVSRQIRXEPMWQ FYX XLI] EPWS QEOI E WQEPP profit.

Society. 8LMW WIVZMGI TVSQSXI XLI GVIEXMZI VI YWI SJ KSSHW QIER[LMPI HIZIPSTMRK ERH QEMRXEMRMRK GVEJXWQERWLMT WOMPPW

Context

Environment. Recycling old furniture reduces consumption of new furniture and increases a TVSHYGX«W PMJI G]GPI Economy. The cost of restoring old furniture or buying a restored one is similar to buying a new one.

;LIR TISTPI QSZI MRXS E RI[ LSQI XLI] SJXIR GERRSX YWI XLIMV SPH JYVRMXYVI FYX MX QE] FI TIVJIGXP] WYMXEFPI JSV SXLIV TISTPI 8LI EMQW SJ XLI TVSNIGX EVI XS [EOI TISTPI«W GSRWGMIRGIW ERH QEOI XLIQ XLMRO QSVI HIITP] EFSYX LS[ XLI] PMZI &EWMGEPP] MX GSWXW XLI WEQI XS VIWXSVI ER SPH GLEMV EW XS FY] E RI[ SRI FYX F] WEZMRK SRI GLEMV ]SY EPWS WEZI XLI QEXIVMEPW JSV XLI RI[ RS[ YR RIIHIH GLEMV

Current situation 1}}FPMOSQ WXEVXIH MR (IGIQFIV ERH FIPMIZIW MX MW YRMUYI -X [SYPH PMOI XS I\TERH ERH XEOI EHZERXEKI SJ XLI MRGVIEWI MR IRZMVSRQIRXEPP] JVMIRHP] XLMROMRK EW [IPP EW GSRWYQIVW [LS [ERX WSQIXLMRK E FMX HMJJIVIRX %R] TVS´X GSQIW JVSQ XLI WEPI TVMGI QMRYW XMQI WIVZMGI ERH QEXIVMEPW 1}}FPMOSQ LEW XS GPMIRXW MR E QSRXL [MXL QSVI MR XLI WYQQIV ERH JI[IV MR XLI [MRXIV

The experience

Design challenges

4PIEWYVI SJ ´RHMRK E YRMUYI IZIR (IZIPSTMRK XLI WOMPPW XS VICQERYJEGXYVI JYVRMXYVI TIVWSREPMWIH TMIGI SJ JYVRMXYVI Spreading the culture of creative re-use. Designing furniture that can be restored and reVIGSR´KYVIH XS XLI TISTPI«W XEWXI

Authors )WXSRMER %GEHIQ] SJ %VXW )WXSRME /mVX 3NEZII

Juta is a 25-year-old lawyer, who found out about this service by chance. She needed a new bed with unusual dimensions, in a particular colour and for a good price. Mööblikom was able to make her just the right bed! She finds Mööblikom a brilliant solution because she got something 100% right for her and unquestionably unique.

40 (housing)

Inhabitants improve living conditions in their neighbourhood.

The Netherlands, The Hague

Neighbourhood Shares &] 8LI -RXIVREXMSREP -RWXMXYXI JSV XLI 9VFER )RZMVSRQIRX --9) 2: ;SRMRKFILIIV ERH XLI HITEVXQIRX SJ 2EXYVI ER )RZMVSRQIRXEP )HYGEXMSR SJ XLI 'MX] SJ 8LI ,EKYI www.urban.nl

Solution

The benefits

6IWMHIRXW LEZI XEOIR SZIV VIWTSRWMFMPMX] JVSQ PSGEP EYXLSVMXMIW JSV GIVXEMR QEMRXIRERGI XEWOW MR XLIMV RIMKLFSYVLSSH % VIWMHIRXW« EWWSGMEXMSR HIGMHIW XSKIXLIV [MXL XLI PSGEP EYXLSVMX] [LEX [SVO RIIHW HSMRK JSVQYPEXIW TVSNIGXW ERH SVKERMWIW XLIQ EQSRK PSGEP VIWMHIRXW 8LI PSGEP EYXLSVMX] TE]W XLI EWWSGMEXMSR SV KVSYT XLEX XEOIW SR E TVSNIGX [SVO 8LI PSGEP EYXLSVMX] ERH IRZMVSRQIRXEP SVKERMWEXMSRW KMZI VIWMHIRXW TVEGXMGEP EHZMGI [LMPI HSMRK E TVSNIGX

Society. 6IWMHIRXW EVI WXMQYPEXIH XS XEOI GEVI SJ XLIMV S[R RIMKLFSYVLSSH XS WXEVX MRMXMEXMZIW themselves and to actively create a nice and positive environment to live in.

Context 8LI MHIE SJ VIWMHIRX MRZSPZIQIRX IQIVKIH JVSQ E HMWGYWWMSR KVSYT GEPPIH XLI (IROXERO XLMROXERO This panel of resident and local authority representatives continues to have monthly meetings where they share ideas about how to improve the neighbourhood.

Environment. &] XIRHMRK KEVHIRW ERH XMH]MRK WXVIIXW XLI TVSNIGX LEW QEHI XLMW TEVX SJ 8LI ,EKYI a more pleasant place to live. In addition environmental awareness is created. Economy. The system saves money for the community. As well as the responsibility for RIMKLFSYVLSSH QEMRXIRERGI XLI PSGEP EYXLSVMX] EPWS XVERWJIVVIH XLI QYRMGMTEP FYHKIX VIWIVZIH JSV XLIWI XEWOW XS VIWMHIRXW« EWWSGMEXMSRW % RIMKLFSYVLSSH QEMRXIRERGI JYRH LEW FIIR GVIEXIH [LMGL MW QEREKIH F] XLI VIWMHIRXW WLEVILSPHIV QIIXMRKW HIGMHI LS[ XS MRZIWX XLI QSRI] MR upgrading the neighbourhood.

Current situation -R XLI ´VWX LEPJ SJ XLI TPERRMRK SJ 2IMKLFSYVLSSH 7LEVIW WXEVXIH ERH MR EYXYQR XLI ´VWX EGXMZMXMIW [IVI SVKERMWIH -X [EW MRMXMEXIH F] XLI -RXIVREXMSREP -RWXMXYXI JSV XLI 9VFER )RZMVSRQIRX 2: ;SRMRKFILIIV E GSQTER] SVKERMWMRK GSQQYREP QEMRXIRERGI TVSNIGXW JSV LSYWIW MR TVMZEXI ownership) and the department of Nature and Environmental Education of the City of The Hague. -X MW SRI SJ XLI ´VWX I\EQTPIW MR XLI 2IXLIVPERHW SJ WYGL ER MRMXMEXMZI FIMRK XEOIR SR E PSGEP PIZIP

The experience

Design challenges

Pride in maintaining the beauty and cleanliness of the neighbourhood.

Creating a technological platform for sharing XEWOW ERH QEREKMRK EGXMZMXMIW

Authors 89 )MRHLSZIR 8LI 2IXLIVPERHW 7^SRNE /EHEV &EVX 2MNWWIR 1EVMNR 4IXIVW 6EPTL >SSRXNIRW

42 (housing)

Villagers improve their living circumstances and the health of local social networks.

The Netherlands, Hoogeveen

Nieuwlande – Villagers active involvement &] 0SGEP -RXIVIWX KVSYT ª4PEEXWIPMNO &IPERK« ERH 1YRMGMTEPMX] SJ ,SSKIZIIR http://members.lycos.nl/vandersleen/index.html

Solution

The benefits

8LI EMQ SJ XLI TVSNIGX [EW XS MQTVSZI PMZMRK GSRHMXMSRW MR XLI ZMPPEKI %W E VIWYPX SJ GSRWYPXEXMSR EQSRK XLI ZMPPEKIVW ERH XLI JSVQEXMSR SJ E GSQQMXXII XLI ZMPPEKI FIGEQI E RMGIV ERH FIXXIV SVKERMWIH TPEGI XS PMZI )MKLX] TIV GIRX SJ XLI VIWMHIRXW TEVXMGMTEXIH MR E WYVZI] GSRHYGXIH F] XLI MRLEFMXERXW XLIQWIPZIW XS HIWGVMFI EWWIXW ERH WYKKIWX MQTVSZIQIRXW % GSRWYPXEXMSR KVSYT [EW WXEVXIH ERH [SVOKVSYTW XLEX HMWGYWW ZEVMSYW TVSFPIQW GEQI YT [MXL WSPYXMSRW % ªZMPPEKI HIZIPSTQIRX TPER« [EW WYFWIUYIRXP] IWXEFPMWLIH EW XLI FEWMW SJ SRKSMRK GSPPEFSVEXMZI TVSNIGXW -R TVMRGMTPI EPP MRLEFMXERXW GE EVI RS[ MRZSPZIH MR TPERRMRK ERH QEMRXIRERGI [SVO

Society. 6IWMHIRXW KEMR FSXL EW MRHMZMHYEPW F] JIIPMRK QSVI MRZSPZIH MR [LEX KSIW SR MR XLIMV XS[R ERH F] JIIPMRK XLI] GER QEOI E HMJJIVIRGI GSPPIGXMZIP] XS XLI JYXYVI SJ XLIMV XS[R &IGEYWI WS QER] TISTPI EVI MRZSPZIH GSQQYRMGEXMSR MR XLI ZMPPEKI LEW MQTVSZIH GVIEXMRK E FIXXIV ZMPPEKI XS PMZI MR

Context

Environment. %PP XLI MRLEFMXERXW EVI RS[ E[EVI SJ ER] GSQQYRMX] TVSFPIQW ERH XLI WIRWI SJ responsibility towards the environment has strengthened. Economy. &IGEYWI XLI MRLEFMXERXW RSX XLI PSGEP EYXLSVMX] I\TPSVI ERH EVXMGYPEXI WSPYXMSRW JSV EGXYEP TVSFPIQW [LEX KIXW HSRI MW EP[E]W FSXL RIGIWWEV] ERH ETTVSZIH F] XLI IRXMVI ZMPPEKI 8LMW QEOIW XLI HIGMWMSR TVSGIWW E PSX QSVI IJ´GMIRX WEZIW QSRI] ERH VIHYGIW XLI RYQFIV SJ [VSRK HIGMWMSRW XLEROW XS XLI I\XIRWMZI VIWIEVGL YRHIVXEOIR F] [SVO KVSYTW

Nieuwlande is a small village in the east of the Netherlands. Its residents did not have much GSRXEGX [MXL IEGL SXLIV %JXIV XLI EVIE«W EHQMRMWXVEXMZI FSYRHEVMIW [IVI VI WLETIH 2MIY[PERHI FIGEQI TEVX SJ XLI QYRMGMTEPMX] SJ ,SSKIZIIR XLMW KEZI VIWMHIRXW LSTI JSV WSQI MQTVSZIQIRX MR XLIMV ZMPPEKI &YX EJXIV JSYV ]IEVW RSXLMRK LEH GLERKIH XLIR XLI 0SGEP -RXIVIWX KVSYT ª4PEEXWIPMRK &IPERK« XSSO XLI MRMXMEXMZI XS WIRX ER ERKV] PIXXIV XS XLI QYRMGMTEPMX] SJ ,SSKIZIIR

Current situation 8LI HIZIPSTQIRX TPER [EW IWXEFPMWLIH MR ERH MW [SVOMRK [IPP FIGEYWI SJ E LMKL PIZIP SJ VIWMHIRX TEVXMGMTEXMSR MR 2MIY[PERHI 8LI VIWYPXW SJ XLI TPER EVI ZMWMFPI ERH ZEPMHEXIH F] XLI [MRRMRK SJ ER MRXIVREXMSREP E[EVH )EGL WSPYXMSR XLEX GSQIW SYX SJ XLI [SVOKVSYTW SJ XLI ZMPPEKI HIZIPSTQIRX TPER LEW XS FI ETTVSZIH F] XLI QYRMGMTEPMX] SJ ,SSKIZIIR [LMGL XLIR TVSZMHIW XLI funding if necessary.

The experience

Design challenges

Pride in improving living circumstances MR XLIMV ZMPPEKI QEMRXEMRMRK MX ERH being involved in deciding about the development of the village.

Creating a platform for sharing ideas and I\TVIWWMRK STMRMSRW EPWS MRZSPZMRK XLI ]SYRK people living in Nieuwlande.

Authors 89 )MRHLSZIR 8LI 2IXLIVPERHW *PSSV 1EXXLIMNWWIR 0EYVMI 7GLSPXIR +MPPIW ZER ;ERVSSMN 1EEVXNI ZER HIV >ERHIR

people

village

shops

facilities

44 (housing)

Intergenerational house sharing helps students find cheap, family-style accommodation.

Italy, Milan

Prendi a casa uno studente – Lodge a student at home By Associazione Megliomilano and Provincia di Milano www.meglio.milano.it

Solution

The benefits

Megliomilano realised that independent elderly people could provide young students with lowcost accommodation in exchange for a little household help. A campaign generated a lot of offers JVSQ IPHIVP] TISTPI [LS LEH EX PIEWX SRI VSSQ JVII MR XLIMV LSYWI QER] WXYHIRXW EPWS WYFQMXXIH VIUYIWXW % TW]GLSPSKMWX [EW IQTPS]IH XS ZMWMX XLI LSYWIW MRXIVZMI[ WXYHIRXW ERH IPHIVP] TISTPI ERH QEXGL XLI X[S XSKIXLIV 1IKPMSQMPERS OIITW XVEGO SJ IZIV]FSH] MRZSPZIH XLVSYKL [IIOP] JIIHFEGO KMZIW FSXL TEVXMIW JVII PIKEP EWWMWXERGI ERH WYTTSVX JVSQ E TW]GLSPSKMWX ERH SVKERMWIW monthly meetings with all users of the service.

Society. 8LI WIVZMGI KMZIW ER MQQIHMEXI WSPYXMSR XS X[S FMK TVSFPIQW MR 1MPER XLI PEGO SJ accommodation for students and the need of company and a little assistance for elderly people PMZMRK EPSRI %X XLI WEQI XMQI MX VIHYGIW XLI KIRIVEXMSR KET ERH TVSZMHIW RI[ MHIEW JSV HIEPMRK with problems of elderly people. Two problems are emerging: sometimes the elderly people are YWMRK XLI WXYHIRXW EW RYVWIW [LMGL [EW RIZIV XLI EMQ SJ XLI WIVZMGI % JIQEPI FMEW MW IZMHIRX IPHIVP] TISTPI PSSO JSV JIQEPI WXYHIRXW ERH WXYHIRXW PSSO JSV JIQEPI IPHIVP] TISTPI 8LMW VIHYGIW XLI STTSVXYRMXMIW JSV QEPIW FSXL IPHIVP] ERH WXYHIRXW

Context

Environment. 6IHYGMRK XLI RYQFIV SJ WXYHIRX GSQQYXIVW LEW XLI TSXIRXMEP XS VIHYGI XVEJ´G TSPPYXMSR ERH SZIVGVS[HMRK SR TYFPMG XVERWTSVX 7LEVMRK SJ FYMPHMRKW VSSQW ERH JEGMPMXMIW VIHYGIW XLI RIIH JSV LIEXMRK TIV TIVWSR ERH TVSHYGIW E QSVI IJ´GMIRX YWI SJ XLI FYMPHMRKW

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elderly people need help to live independently in their own homes.

Economy. There are clear economic benefits for both users of the service: The elderly people get ´RERGMEP ERH TVEGXMGEP LIPT [LMPI WXYHIRXW KIX EGGIWW XS PS[ GSWX VSSQW ERH WS GER EJJSVH XS PMZI ERH WXYH] MR 1MPER ERH IRNS] XLI GYPXYVEP PMJI SJ XLI GMX] 8LI TVSZMHIVW EVI GYVVIRXP] YWMRK JYRHW JVSQ XLI TVMZEXI WIGXSV ERH XLIMV S[R VIWSYVGIW FYX XLMW [MPP RSX FI IRSYKL JSV QYGL PSRKIV

Current situation 1IKPMSQMPERS«W GEQTEMKR [EW PEYRGLIH MR .YRI % TMPSX TVSNIGX SJ XLI ´VWX MRXIVKIRIVEXMSREP LSYWI WLEVIW WXEVXIH SR 2SZIQFIV MR GSPPEFSVEXMSR [MXL XLI 4SPMXIGRMGS HM 1MPERS -RXIVKIRIVEXMSREP LSYWI WLEVMRK LEH EPVIEH] FIIR WYGGIWWJYPP] HIZIPSTIH MR 4MEGIR^E ERH 'SQS X[S WQEPP XS[RW MR -XEP] 8LI TVSFPIQ MR 1MPER MW SR E HMJJIVIRX QYGL FMKKIV WGEPI WMQMPEV XS Barcelona and London which run similar schemes. &] MRXIVKIRIVEXMSREP LSYWI WLEVMRK GEWIW [IVI YRHIV [E] EPP QSRMXSVIH [IIOP] JSV JIIHFEGO 8LI GSWX TIV VSSQ ZEVMIW JVSQ XS )YVSW TIV QSRXL TEMH HMVIGXP] XS XLI LSYWI S[RIV 1IKPMS1MPERS TVSZMHIW XLI VIWSYVGIW [MXL E PMXXPI JYRHMRK GSQMRK JVSQ E TVMZEXI GSQTER] %W XLI WIVZMGI MW WXMPP EX XLI TMPSX WXEKI XLIVI EVI RSX ]IX ER] ´RERGMEP ´KYVIW XS WXYH]

The experience

Design challenges

*SV XLI IPHIVP] XS LEZI IZIV]HE] someone to provide supportive care that they can rely on. *SV XLI WXYHIRXW MX WIIQW PMOI finding a new grand-father or grand-mother.

%W TSTYPEXMSRW EKI PEVKI RYQFIVW SJ LSYWILSPHW MR Europe will contain elderly people who have unused rooms. The Milan system of matching these people with roomless WXYHIRXW MW SRI VIWTSRWI ERSXLIV GSYPH FI E WIVZMGI XLEX enables older people to pool resources in other ways and EQSRK XLIQWIPZIW RSX NYWX [MXL WXYHIRXW

Authors 4SPMXIGRMGS HM 1MPERS -XEP] %LQIX 3^ER 7IRIV %RRE >EZEKRS

Elderly people use the service because they are tired of living alone. They often need the company more than the money and enjoy having young people around: that makes them feel younger. Young students, keen on social issues, love the idea, especially considering the high cost of accommodation in Milan. There are two main aspects to keep in mind: the elderly people need to remain independent (and canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t depend on the students, who are only meant to be giving a little every-day help) and male and female users should both have equal access the service (female students and hosts seem to be the main participants).

46 (housing)

How young people live independently, yet communally.

Finland, Helsinki

Oranssi – Housing company By Oranssi www.oranssi.net

Solution 3VERWWM VIRSZEXIW LSYWIW JSV ]SYRK TISTPI PSSOMRK JSV E QSVI GSQQYREP [E] SJ PMZMRK -RLEFMXERXW TEVXMGMTEXI MR XLI VIRSZEXMSR JVSQ XLI FIKMRRMRK ERH QEMRXEMR XLI LSYWIW EJXIV[EVHW 2IMKLFSYVW ORS[ IEGL SXLIV ERH EVI EGXMZI MR XEOMRK GEVI SJ GSQQYREP QEMRXIRERGI 3VERWWM µEXW EVI EW GLIET EW XLI GLIETIWX GSYRGMP µEXW JSV [LMGL XLIVI EVI PSRK UYIYIW ERH VIWMHIRXW EVI EPPS[IH XS VIRSZEXI XLIMV µEX EW XLI] [MWL ERH XS TEVXMGMTEXI MR XLIMV LSYWI GSQQYRMX] [MXL MXW WSGMEPMWMRK EW [IPP EW VITEMV ERH QEMRXIRERGI [SVO 1IQFIVW [LS QYWX FI YRHIV RIIH XS XEOI VIWTSRWMFMPMX] JSV XLI [SVO MRZSPZIH ERH XS FI prepared for a more communal way of living. The original members have become valued experts MR XVEHMXMSREP [SSHIR LSYWI VITEMV XIGLRMUYIW [LMGL XLI] TEWW SR XS RI[ VIWMHIRXW 9RIQTPS]IH ]SYRK TISTPI GER EPWS KIX XIQTSVEV] [SVO TPEGIQIRXW ERH ]SYRK GEVTIRXIVW GER HS XLIMV TVEGXMGEP training there.

registered firm that owns all the residential buildings and handles the rent contracts. Residents pay for their own renovations while Oranssi Housing pays for the larger collective renovations and maintenance.

Context

Environment. 6IWMHIRXW RIMKLFSYVW ERH SXLIVW PIEVR XLI ZEPYI SJ SPHIV FYMPHMRKW IWTIGMEPP] [SSHIR LSYWIW ERH QIQFIVW PIEVR MQTSVXERX WOMPPW WYGL EW GSRWXVYGXMSR XIGLRMUYIW EPXIVREXMZI IRIVK] GLSMGIW IXG 8LI QEXIVMEP [EWXI MW VIHYGIH 3RI TVSFPIQ MW XLEX 3VERWWM MW TIVGIMZIH EW XSS QEVKMREP ERH ªLMTTMI« F] QSVI GSRWIVZEXMZI SPHIV QIQFIVW SJ WSGMIX]

There is a shortage of houses for the young people of Finland. This has come at a time when TISTPI EVI WXEVXMRK XS PSSO JSV QSVI GSQQYREP [E]W SJ PMZMRK JSV GSQTER] ERH WIGYVMX] 3VERWWM IQIVKIH MR ,IPWMROM HYVMRK E HIIT VIGIWWMSR EFSYX XIR ]IEVW EKS 6IRXW ERH HITSWMXW MR XLI GMX] [IVI EW RS[ ZIV] LMKL [MXL ZIV] PMXXPI ªGLIET« LSYWMRK EZEMPEFPI =SYXL IQTPS]QIRX [EW ERH WXMPP MW E TVSFPIQ -R E KVSYT SJ TISTPI EPP YRHIV FIKER WUYEXXMRK MR TVSXIWX EX XLMW WMXYEXMSR XEOMRK SZIV EFERHSRIH MRHYWXVMEP VIWMHIRXMEP FYMPHMRKW SRP] XS FI IZMGXIH E JI[ HE]W PEXIV F] XLI EYXLSVMXMIW )ZIRXYEPP] XLI GMX] SJJIVIH XLIQ X[S IQTX] [SSHIR LSYWIW XLEX LEH FIIR WUYEXXIH ERH RIIHIH VIRSZEXMRK -R I\GLERKI JSV GLIET VIRXW XLI KVSYT XSSO SZIV XLI VIRSZEXMSR % W]WXIQ IZSPZIH [LIVIF] XLI GMX] SJJIVIH XLI KVSYT IQTX] VIWMHIRGIW ERH ]SYRK VIWMHIRXW QSZIH MR ERH VIRSZEXIH XLIQ 3VERWWM FIGEQI [IPP ORS[R WS RYQFIVW KVI[ UYMGOP] from 20 to 600.

Current situation 3VERWWM [EW VIKMWXIVIH MR %X XLI QSQIRX MX QEMRXEMRW EFSYX ETEVXQIRXW [MXL EFSYX VIWMHIRXW MR ,IPWMROM 8LI 3VERWWM =SYXL LSYWI EX ,IVXXSRMIQM LEW IZSPZIH MRXS ER STIR QMRHIH GYPXYVI GIRXVI ERH E PMZIP] QIIXMRK TSMRX 8LI KVSYT HSIW RSX [ERX XS KVS[ XSS PEVKI SV XEOI SR ER] RI[ LSYWIW EX XLI QSQIRX 8LIVI MW LS[IZIV E RI[ TLEWI TPERRIH [LIVIF] 3VERWWM [MPP HIWMKR and build a new set of houses from the ground up. 8LI 3VERWWM EWWSGMEXMSR MW VYR F] SRI TEMH WXEJJ QIQFIV ERH ZSPYRXIIVW ERH MW ´RERGIH F] 6%= (a gaming association raising funds for social organisations). Oranssi Housing Ltd is a private

The benefits Society. Young people can afford Oranssi housing and are not therefore threatened with LSQIPIWWRIWW SV GSPH MWSPEXIH GSYRGMP PMZMRK 9RIQTPS]IH ]SYRK TISTPI GER KIX [SVO TPEGIQIRX I\TIVMIRGI SR E VIRSZEXMSR WMXI ERH PIEVR ZEPYEFPI WOMPPW ,IPWMROM VIWMHIRXW EVI MRWTMVIH &] XLI QIQFIVW« EGXMZI TEVXMGMTEXMSR XS GVIEXI XLIMV S[R STTSVXYRMXMIW

Economy. 8LI VIWMHIRXW PIEVR XLI HMVIGX VIPEXMSRWLMT FIX[IIR GSWX ERH ZEPYI ª8LI QSVI ]SY HS ]SYVWIPJ XLI GLIETIV ]SYV VIRX FIGSQIW« 'LIETIV VIRXW ERH IQTPS]QIRX STTSVXYRMXMIW QIER JI[IV WSGMEP WIGYVMX] TE]QIRXW 8LI VIXYVR SR MRZIWXQIRX MW ZIV] LMKL EW XLI FYMPHMRKW KEMR MR ZEPYI when renovated and maintained to a high standard. The city authorities benefit as they do not have to cover the cost of renovation or demolition. Challenges in the future may be retaining the VIRSZEXMSR WOMPPW RIIHIH ERH EXXVEGXMRK ERH VIXEMRMRK XLSWI [MXL E KSSH LIEH JSV FYWMRIWW

The experience

Design challenges

Participants learn how to live independently from the family but surrounded by people willing to create a community. People also learn how to restore and mend their own home.

To develop services to encourage more people to build or restore houses themselves.

Authors 9RMZIVWMX] SJ %VX ERH (IWMKR ,IPWMROM *MRPERH 'MRH] /SLXEPE 1MVS ,SPSTEMRIR

The Oranssi philosophy: ‘If it isn’t broken it shouldn’t be fixed, but if it is broken it’s most likely possible to repair it’. The success and failure of Oranssi will depend largely on the key people involved in the organisation.

48 (eating)

eating

50 (eating)

People living in a town access high-quality organic food directly from producers.

Italy, Milan

Biomercatino – The Little Organic Market &] :%7 :IVHM %QFMIRXI I 7SGMIXk http://vaslombardia.org

Solution

The benefits

&MSQIVGEXMRS MW E WXVIIX QEVOIX XLEX KEXLIV7 XSKIXLIV WQEPP PSGEP SVKERMG TVSHYGIVW JVSQ XLI Lombardia and nearby regions. Around 45 stands of producers and retailers sell certified organic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and radio stations.

Society. Biomercatino promotes an urban healthy lifestyle by enabling city inhabitants to be better informed and to buy organic and safe food directly from farmers. It also contributes to the survival SJ PSGEP TVSHYGIVW TVSQSXIW E GSRZMZMEPMX] RSX JSYRH MR GMX] WYTIVQEVOIXW ERH VI GSRRIGXW GMX] and countryside.

Context

Environment. 8LI TVSHYGXMSR SJ SVKERMG JSSH EZSMHMRK XLI YWI SJ KIRIXMGEPP] QSHM´IH WIIHW ERH TIWXMGMHIW ERH JSPPS[MRK SVKERMG ERH WIEWSREP GYPXMZEXMSR XIGLRMUYIW VIHYGIW TSPPYXMSR TVIWIVZIW XLI PERHWGETI ERH WEJIKYEVHW FMSHMZIVWMX] %W EPP XLI JSSH MR XLI WGLIQI MW KVS[R PSGEPP] XLI reduction of food transportation radically reduces the environmental impact of the food chain. Economy. 8LI QEVOIX [LMGL KIXW SRP] QMRMQYQ WYTTSVX JVSQ TYFPMG MRWXMXYXMSRW TVSZMHIW E RI[ and alternative retail channel for small organic producers and retailers. Farmers can earn more JSV XLIMV [SVO ERH GSRWYQIVW GER ´RH SVKERMG JSSH EX GSQTIXMXMZI TVMGIW GSQTEVIH [MXL SXLIV WTIGMEPMWX WLSTW SV WYTIVQEVOIXW

&MSQIVGEXMRS GEQI JVSQ ER MRMXMEXMZI F] :%7 0SQFEVHME MR VIEGXMSR XS XLI MRGVIEWMRK XLVIEXW XS JSSH WEJIX] PMOI XLI MRXVSHYGXMSR SJ KIRIXMGEPP] QSHM´IH WIIHW XLI YWI SJ TIWXMGMHIW ERH XLI monopolisation of food production. Its aim was also to put producers and consumers in direct contact to encourage trust and shorten the food chain.

Current situation 8LI QSRXLP] &MSQIVGEXMRS WXEVXIH MR %TVMP 8SHE] MX MW MR E TLEWI SJ STXMQMWEXMSR ERH MW MRGVIEWMRK XLI HMVIGX MRZSPZIQIRX SJ PSGEP MRWXMXYXMSRW MX MW EPWS MRGVIEWMRK MXW VERKI SJ TVSHYGXW ERH WIVZMGIW EHHMRK ZEPYI XS XLI I\MWXMRK KSSHW ERH LIPTMRK WTVIEH XLI ZEPYIW SJ XLI MRMXMEXMZI -X MW WIEVGLMRK JSV TEVXRIVW MR SVHIV XS FIGSQI E PEVKIV STIVEXMSR WIPPMRK XLI GSQTPIXI VERKI SJ JSSH VIUYMVIQIRXW :%7 HSIWR«X LEZI XLI VIWSYVGIW XS TYX JSV[EVH RI[ MHIEW ERH MHIRXMJ] MQTVSZIQIRXW EPP XLEX IJJIGXMZIP] -R KIRIVEP &MSQIVGEXMRS MW XV]MRK XS VI´RI MXW QEREKIQIRX W]WXIQ XLVSYKL XLI MQTPIQIRXEXMSR SJ E HEXEFEWI QSVI IJ´GMIRX GSQQYRMGEXMSR ERH XLI TSWWMFMPMX] SJ YWMRK TEMH PEFSYV XS SVKERMWI XLI QEVOIX HIWTMXI XLI GYVVIRX QSHIP SJ ZSPYRXIIV [SVO

The experience

Design challenges

/RS[MRK ERH XVYWXMRK XLI TVSHYGIVW QIX MR XLI JEVQIVW QEVOIX -QTVSZMRK TIVWSREP ORS[PIHKI about food products and using it to QEOI XLI FIWX GLSMGIW

Creating places and circumstances to enable farmers to sell their own products. Creating multi-channel and multi-media communication platforms to connect producers and consumers directly to each other. (IWMKRMRK HIHMGEXIH TEGOEKMRK ERH PSKMWXMGW XS FI YWIH MR XLI RIX[SVO F] WQEPP TVSHYGIVW

Authors 4SPMXIGRMGS HM 1MPERS -XEP] %HVMERS +MERRMRM )HYEVHS 7XEW^S[WOM

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;How is it possible to be sure about the seriousness of organic production? By visiting the actual places of production, which is possible if you get to know them in the Biomercatinoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

52 (eating)

Fresh mineral water and organic food are delivered to the home for a reasonable price, while helping small producers of quality food sell and deliver directly.

Poland, Strug Valley and various towns

Chmielnik Zdroj Ltd â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Alfred food and drinks delivery &] 8LI %KVS -RHYWXVMEP %WWSGMEXMSR SJ 7XVYK :EPPI]

Solution

The benefits

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z[ 8EVRz[ ERH 0YFPMR ERH GYWXSQIVW

Society. +YEVERXIIH IQTPS]QIRX JSV TISTPI PMZMRK SR JEVQPERH WYTTSVX JSV XVEHMXMSREP ERH LIEPXL] QIXLSHW SJ QEOMRK JSSH ERH TVSQSXMSR SJ MXW EHZERXEKIW 8LI HMEPSK [MXL GPMIRXW XLVSYKL XLI WLMTTIVW FVMRKMRK XLI KSSHW MQTVSZIW XLI WIVZMGIW F] ORS[MRK GYWXSQIV RIIHW ERH XLI W]WXIQ WXMQYPEXIW IRXVITVIRIYVWLMT ERH LIPTW XLI HIZIPSTQIRX SJ SXLIV JSVQW SJ ZMPPEKI IJJSVXW WYGL EW EKVS XSYVMWQ IGS XSYVMWQ ERH LERHMGVEJXW

Context 8LI 7XVYK :EPPI] EVSYRH OQ JVSQ 6^IW^z[ LEW QER] WQEPP JEVQW YWMRK XVEHMXMSREP JEVQMRK methods. There are also mineral water deposits. The region has a high unemployment rate as a result of urban factory lay-offs. The first independent telephone and internet co-operative in Poland GEQI MRXS FIMRK LIVI EW E VIWYPX SJ GS STIVEXMSR FIX[IIR PSGEP WIPJ KSZIVRQIRX ERH ER %QIVMGER JSYRHEXMSR 8LMW WYGGIWWJYP YRHIVXEOMRK IRGSYVEKIH JYVXLIV MRMXMEXMZIW XS FI XEOIR YT 'LQMIPRMO >HVSN [EW WXEVXIH XS WYTTSVX XLI HIZIPSTQIRX SJ EGXMZMX] ERH XS GSQFEX LMKL YRIQTPS]QIRX ERH EPGSLSPMWQ 8LI %KVS -RHYWXVMEP %WWSGMEXMSR SJ 7XVYK :EPPI] LIPTIH XS MQTVSZI XLI MHIE [LMGL TVSZMHIW NSFW ERH TVSQSXIW XLI XVEHMXMSREP JEVQMRK PMJIWX]PI

Current situation ;LEX MW YRMUYI EFSYX XLI 'LQMIPRMO >HVSN GSQTER] WIVZMGI MW XLI HMWXVMFYXMSR SJ ZIKIXEFPIW ERH other food products all from the same organic source. After expanding its line from mineral water XS HVMROW NYMGIW JVYMXW ERH ZIKIXEFPIW WIQM Â´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

Environment. -X WYTTSVXW XVEHMXMSREP GSYRXV] PMJIWX]PIW EW [IPP EW XVEHMXMSREP TVSHYGI KVS[MRK ERH ERMQEP FVIIHMRK [MXL RS GLIQMGEP EKIRXW ERH SR E WQEPP WGEPI -X EPWS TVSQSXIW REXYVEP TVSHYGXW QEHI MR E XVEHMXMSREP [E] WYGL EW LSRI] [LMGL EPWS IRGSYVEKIW XLI HIPMGEXI IGS W]WXIQ XS ÂµSYVMWL EW XLI FIIW TSPPMREXI XLI ÂµS[IVW 8LI GSRWYQTXMSR SJ JVIWL WIEWSREP JSSH VIHYGIW XLI need of energy for cooling and freezing. Economy. 8LI WIVZMGI MW SJXIR YWIH F] JEQMPMIW JSV MXW IEW] ERH UYMGO EGGIWW XS IWWIRXMEP TVSHYGXW 8LI TVMGIW EVI GSQTIXMXMZI [MXL XLI WLSTW EW XLI RYQFIV SJ QMHHPI QIR MW VIHYGIH )ZIR MJ XLI TVMGIW EVI WMQMPEV XS XLSWI MR XLI WLSTW 'LQMIPRMO TVSHYGXW LEZI XLI EHZERXEKI XLEX GYWXSQIVW ORS[ [LIVI XLI] GSQI JVSQ ERH XLEX XLI UYEPMX] MW KSSH 8LI GSQTER] VIGIMZIW QER] SVHIVW JSV QMRIVEP [EXIV XLIMV [SVO ERH GSRWYQIVW GER Â´RH SVKERMG JSSH EX GSQTIXMXMZI TVMGIW GSQTEVIH [MXL SXLIV WTIGMEPMWX WLSTW SV WYTIVQEVOIXW

The experience

Design challenges

8LI PY\YV] SJ VIGIMZMRK JSSH XS ]SYV LSQI ERH feeling confident about its provenance. Being in touch with the surrounding region and getting the best from it. 4PIEWYVI SJ IEXMRK ÂªSYX SJ XLI FS\Â« ERH WIPIGXMRK food according to quality and seasons. Behaving ethically.

Creating multi-channel and multi-media communication platforms to connect producers and consumers directly to each other. (IWMKRMRK HIHMGEXIH TEGOEKMRK ERH PSKMWXMGW XS FI YWIH MR XLI RIX[SVO F] small producers.

Authors %GEHIQ] SJ *MRI %VXW MR /VEOS[ 4SPERH )PE 8PYW^G^ (SQMRMOE /SRMIG^OS[WOE 1EKHEPIRE 1MWEG^IO

54 (eating)

People experience the value of biodiversity in food chain.

United Kingdom, Dumfries and Galloway, South Scotland

Cream o’Galloway dairy farm &] 'VIEQ S« +EPPS[E] [[[ GVIEQSKEPPS[E] GS YO

Solution

The benefits

'VIEQ S« +EPPS[E] (EMV] *EVQ MW ER SVKERMG HEMV] JEVQ PEYRGLIH XS MRGVIEWI FMSHMZIVWMX] ERH IRLERGI ZMWMXSVW« I\TIVMIRGI -X TVSHYGIW E WQEPP UYERXMX] SJ LMKL UYEPMX] SVKERMG TVSHYGX MX QEOIW MGI GVIEQ JVSQ XLI QMPO ERH STIRIH XLI JEVQ XS XLI TYFPMG XS IHYGEXI TISTPI SR WYWXEMREFPI farming and quality. It also produces some of its own electricity via a community windmill which KIRIVEXIW O;L VIG]GPIW EPP JEVQ ERH XSYVMWX [EWXI GSQTSWXW JSSH WGVETW JSV YWI EW JIVXMPMWIV -X LEW E WXVSRK FIPMIZI MR VIYWMRK F] VITEMVMRK ERH KSIW SYX SJ MXW [E] XS WSYVGI VIG]GPIH QEXIVMEPW The farm gives visitors information about the business. There is also an excellent adventure TPE]KVSYRH MRWMHI ERH SYX JSV GLMPHVIR FYMPX F] XLI JEVQ [SVOIVW

Society. 8LI 'VIEQ S« +EPPS[E] HEMV] JEVQ IHYGEXIW TISTPI EFSYX XLI MQTSVXERGI SJ FMSHMZIVWMX] SVKERMG JEQMRK ERH UYEPMX] SJ JSSH -X«W HSRI MR E JYR [E] TVSZMHMRK XLI ZMWMXSVW [MXL E TPIEWERX I\TIVMIRGI EVSYRH XLI JEVQ XLI GSYRXV]WMHI ERH XLI QIXLSH SJ JSSH TVSGIWWMRK

Context

Environment. 8LI JEVQ TVSHYGIW QMPO EGGSVHMRK XS XLI SVKERMG WGLIQI ERH MX LEW GVIEXIH [SSHPERH areas without the use of pesticides. It also produces part of the energy needed and has recycling/ waste treatments. Economy. 8LI GSYVEKI SJ WYGL UYEPMX] VYVEP IRXVITVIRIYVWLMT FVMRKW MRHMVIGX WYTTSVX XS WYGL WQEPP PSGEP FEWIH EGXMZMXMIW IRGSYVEKIW XLI TYFPMG XS[EVHW QSVI GSRWGMSYW ERH UYEPMX] GSRWYQTXMSR The local economy of the area benefits from the visitors coming to the farm.

-R XLI S[RIVW SJ XLMW JEQMP] HEMV] ERH WXSGO JEVQ QIX ERH HIGMHIH XLEX MR SVHIV XS WIGYVI XLI JYXYVI SJ XLI JEVQ ERH XLI JSYV JEQMPMIW PMZMRK XLIVI QSZIW RIIHIH XS FI QEHI XS HMZIVWMJ] ERH EHH value to farm produce. They realised that intensive agriculture was continuing in a way that could not sustain itself. At the time farming was heavily subsidised by the government. Now farmers face charges for over-production.

Current situation The visitor centre and the sustainable model is one that could easily and effectively be implemented IPWI[LIVI 8LI ZMWMXSV GIRXVI WLS[W LS[ WYWXEMREFPI ERH SVKERMG JEVQMRK ERH GER FI FIRI´GMEP LS[ MX [SVOW ERH LS[ XS TVSZMHI I\GIPPIRX GYWXSQIV WIVZMGI 4PERW JSV XLI JYXYVI MRGPYHI HMZIVWMJ]MRK MRXS SVKERMG PEQF ERH TSVO ERH NSMRMRK [MXL SXLIV JEVQIVW MR XLI EVIE XS VYR E GSSTIVEXMZI EFEXXSMV

The experience

Design challenges

*SV XLI JEVQIVW XLI TVMHI SJ GEVV]MRK SR XVEHMXMSREP [SVO ERH VIHMWGSZIVMRK MXW importance. Discovering traditional products and food JVSQ XLIMV SVMKMREP IRZMVSRQIRX [LMPI QEOMRK ER IXLMGEP GLSMGI

(IWMKRMRK WIVZMGIW IZIRXW ERH TPEGIW [LIVI XLI local traditional products are presented. (IZIPST QEVOIXMRK

Authors 7GLSSP SJ (IWMKR 8LI +PEWKS[ 7GLSSP SJ %VX 7GSXPERH *PSVIRGI %RHVI[W %PI\ 8LSQEW

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;It is a very stressful business to run as they are constantly trying to improve what they do in a society obsessed with cost and profit...â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

56 (eating)

How people buy quality, ethically produced food directly from producers.

Italy, Milan

GAS Gruppo d’Acquisto Solidale – Group purchasing organisation By GAS Lambrate www.retegas.org

Solution

The benefits

% +VYTTS H«%GUYMWMXS 7SPMHEPI +%7 GSRWMWXW SJ E KVSYT SJ TISTPI [MXL XLI WEQI FIPMIJW MR sustainable and ethical consumption who decided to collectively buy large quantities of essential FEWMG TVSHYGXW WYGL EW TEWXE SPMZI SMP JVSQ WQEPP PSGEP TVSHYGIVW ERH HMWXVMFYXI MX EQSRK XLIQWIPZIW -R XLMW [E] WLSTTMRK MW FSXL GLIET ERH GSRZIRMIRX ERH TVSZMHIW XLI WEXMWJEGXMSR SJ ORS[MRK [LIVI XLI TVSHYGXW GSQI JVSQ XLEX XLI]«VI WYTTSVXMRK WQEPP TVSHYGIVW SJ UYEPMX] products and respecting fair trade by paying the right price. There is no additional cost for TEGOEKMRK SV EHZIVXMWMRK TVSHYGXW ERH PSKMWXMGW EVI STXMQMWIH 8LI KVSYT QIIXW VIKYPEVP] XS HIGMHI which producers best fit their selection criteria of benefiting both producers and users. A list of TVSHYGXW ERH UYERXMXMIW MW SVKERMWIH ERH FEWIH SR XLMW XLI KVSYT SVHIVW XLI TVSHYGXW HMVIGXP] from producers.

Society. &IMRK XSKIXLIV [MXL JVMIRHW MR E VIPE\IH EXQSWTLIVI HMWGYWWMRK [LMGL TVSHYGX XS FY] XLEX ´XW XLI KVSYT«W SFNIGXMZIW SJ EZSMHMRK I\TPSMXEXMSR ERH FIMRK LMKL UYEPMX] ERH SJ ORS[R SVMKMR KIRIVEXIW E JIIPMRK SJ WEXMWJEGXMSR 8LI WQEPP RYQFIV SJ TISTPI MR IEGL KVSYT QEOIW communication easier. Environment. 8LIVI MW PIWW TEGOEKMRK [EWXI PIWW RIIH SJ IRIVK] JSV GSSPMRK ERH JVII^MRK JSSH MW JVIWL ERH WIEWSREP ERH PIWW TSPPYXMSR JVSQ HIPMZIV] EW XLI TVSHYGXW EVI FSYKLX MR FYPO 7SQI SJ the products are organic so benefit the ecosystem. Economy. % WMHI IJJIGX SJ +%7«W EGXMSR MW MQTVSZIQIRX MR JEQMP] IGSRSQ] FIGEYWI SJ XLI IGSRSQMIW SJ WGEPI MR FY]MRK JSSH -X EPWS LIPTW WQEPP PSGEP TVSHYGIVW XS WYVZMZI KMZMRK XLIQ ER EPXIVREXMZI HMWXVMFYXMSR GLERRIP XS XLI WYTIVQEVOIXW

Context 'SRZIRXMSREP QSHIPW SJ TYVGLEWMRK JSSH HS RSX WLS[ LS[ MX MW TVSHYGIH ERH HMWXVMFYXIH SV KMZI any guarantees of respect for human rights and the environment. Consumers are increasingly HMWWEXMW´IH F] XLI TVSHYGXW SJJIVIH F] PEVKI HMWXVMFYXSVW WYGL EW WYTIVQEVOIXW [LMGL RSVQEPP] I\GPYHI WQEPP TVSHYGIVW JVSQ XLIMV XVEHI ERH EVI PSSOMRK JSV UYEPMX] XVERWTEVIRG] ERH XVEGIEFMPMX] 8LI] [SYPH PMOI XS EGXMZIP] ´RH SYX EFSYX XLI FEGOKVSYRH SJ XLI TVSHYGX VEXLIV XLER FIMRK E passive consumer. Consequently alternative forms of shorter supply chain are emerging.

Current situation

The experience

Design challenges

+%7 [EW MRMXMEXIH MR ERH MW WXMPP HIZIPSTMRK 8LI 1MPER KVSYTW EVI WPS[P] MRGVIEWMRK FYX EVI WXMPP PMQMXIH MR RYQFIV EW XLI] HIZIPST PSGEPP] QEMRP] GSQTVMWMRK JVMIRHW WLEVMRK XLI WEQI ZMWMSR 8LI] [ERX XS QEOI WYVI XLEX IEGL RI[ KVSYT LEW XLI WEQI ZEPYIW EW XLI ´VWX ERH GSRWMHIVMRK XLEX TISTPI LEZI HMJJIVIRX TSMRXW SJ ZMI[ SV ZEPYIW XLI GSRGITX MW LEVH XS WTVIEH VETMHP] 8LI] HSR«X want to dilute the core values of fair trade and human rights. +%7 MW ER MRJSVQEP EWWSGMEXMSR [MXL QIQFIVW HSMRK XLIMV TEVX ZSPYRXEVMP] [MXLSYX E WTIGM´G WIX SJ VYPIW FYX [MXL VIWTSRWMFMPMX] ERH [MXL VIWTIGX JSV SXLIVW %PWS MRWMHI XLI KVSYTW EPP XLI TVSGIWWIW ERH HIZIPSTQIRXW EVI HMWGYWWIH MR E VIPE\IH EXQSWTLIVI [MXL EPP STMRMSRW GSRWMHIVIH 8LIVI MW RS WXVMGX SVKERMWEXMSREP WXVYGXYVI ERH MX VYRW SR E JEQMP] JVMIRH FEWMW [LIVI EPP XLI GSWXW are shared evenly and accordingly. Members place their order through email/phone and pay in cash.

Regularly spending time with other people to discuss products and producers. Finding new farmers and products to include. Behaving ethically.

Creating multi-channel and multi-media communication platforms to connect producers and consumers directly to each other. Creating a platform of technical services to support local small farmers and food producers. (IWMKRMRK HIHMGEXIH TEGOEKMRK ERH PSKMWXMGW XS FI YWIH MR XLI RIX[SVO F] WQEPP TVSHYGIVW

Authors 4SPMXIGRMGS HM 1MPERS -XEP] 0YMKM &SMSGGLM %RRNSWITLMRI ,EVXSNS

GAS members tend to be well educated and politically active. These intellectually engaged people have decided to go against the current mass-market trends and face consumption problems in an alternative way. They try to act on their principles to reduce exploitation, pollution and global consumption by meeting with friends and neighbours once a month to work out where to buy basic goods and how to distribute them to reduce environmental impact. The message they want to spread to society is to pay attention to what we buy.

58 (eating)

Fresh, organically grown, reasonably priced vegetables are delivered to the door, together with recipes, and opportunities to visit the farm.

Germany, Cologne, Bonn & surroundings

Gemüsekiste - Vegetable Box By Apfelbacher Gemüseabo web site: http://www.bioland-apfelbacher.de

Solution

The benefits

8LI %TJIPFEGLIV +IQ WIOMWXI HIPMZIVW E FS\ SJ PSGEP ZIKIXEFPIW ERH JVYMXW [IIOP] KMZMRK WIZIVEP STXMSRW E FEWMG EWWSVXQIRX [MXL SRP] ZIKIXEFPIW SRI [MXL EHHMXMSREP JVYMX E WMRKPI FS\ ERH E JEQMP] FS\ -X MW EPWS TSWWMFPI XS SVHIV WTIGMEP ZIKIXEFPIW ERH JVYMXW FVIEH GLIIWI ERH XMRRIH QIEX 8LI FEWMG ZIKIXEFPI FS\ GSWXW EFSYX IYVSW 8LI TVSHYGXW EVI JVIWL ERH WIEWSREP ERH KVS[R PSGEPP] 'YWXSQIVW EVI SJXIR WYVTVMWIH XS ´RH YRORS[R ZIKIXEFPIW SV JVYMX MR XLIMV FS\ TVSHYGXW XLEX XLI] [SYPH LEZI RIZIV FSYKLX SXLIV[MWI FIGEYWI XLI] HSR«X ORS[ LS[ XS TVITEVI XLIQ *SV XLMW VIEWSR E PMWX SJ VIGMTIW MW MRGPYHIH MR XLI ZIKIXEFPI FS\

Society. 8LI WIVZMGI JSWXIVW E[EVIRIWW SJ XVEHMXMSR XEWXI ERH XLI REXYVEP WIEWSREP EZEMPEFMPMX] ERH has made people realise that organic food can be affordable. The Apfelbacher family also helps to WTVIEH ORS[PIHKI SJ SVKERMG JEVQMRK ERH MXW MQTSVXERGI JSV WYWXEMREFPI HIZIPSTQIRX F] MRZMXMRK primary school classes for visits to the farm.

Context -X MW UYMXI HMJ´GYPX XS FY] JVIWL SVKERMG ZIKIXEFPIW ERH JVYMX JSV E VIEWSREFPI TVMGI MR FMK GMXMIW 1SVISZIV XLI I\MWXMRK QEVOIXW HS RSX SJJIV ZIKIXEFPIW ERH JVYMXW XLEX HSR«X EWWYVI XLI WLST E GIVXEMR TVS´X SV XLEX EVI RSX IEW] XS KVS[ SV LERHPI 8LMW VIHYGIW E[EVIRIWW EFSYX JSSH ZEVMIXMIW ERH PIEHW XS XLI PSWW SJ ORS[PIHKI EFSYX XVEHMXMSREP ªKVERHQSXLIVW« ZIKIXEFPIW« 8LI +IQ WIOMWXI WIVZMGI [EW GSRGIMZIH XS EHHVIWW XLIWI MWWYIW

Environment. 8LI TVSHYGXMSR SJ SVKERMG JSSH EZSMHMRK XLI YWI SJ KIRIXMGEPP] QSHM´IH WIIHW ERH TIWXMGMHIW ERH JSPPS[MRK SVKERMG ERH WIEWSREP GYPXMZEXMSR XIGLRMUYIW VIHYGIW TSPPYXMSR TVIWIVZIW XLI PERHWGETI ERH WEJIKYEVHW FMSHMZIVWMX] %W EPP XLI JSSH MR XLI WGLIQI MW KVS[R PSGEPP] XLI reduction of food transportation radically reduces the environmental impact of the food chain and reduces the need of energy for cooling and freezing (food is fresh and seasonable). Economy. The case study demonstrates that ecological production can be economically sustainable: ]IEVW EKS [LIR XLI %TJIPFEGLIV JEQMP] WXEVXIH JEVQMRK SVKERMGEPP] XLIVI [IVI EFSYX SXLIV small farmers surrounding of the village. Today only the Apfelbacher family (and one extensive JEVQIV WYVZMZIW XLEROW XS XLI LMKL UYEPMX] SJ XLI TVSHYGXW ERH XLI GVIEXMSR SJ E HMVIGX MRRSZEXMZI PMRO XS XLI GSRWYQIVW

Current situation 8LI TVSNIGX [EW WXEVXIH MR F] XLI %TJIPFEGLIV JEQMP] E GSYTPI SJ JEVQIVW EHSTXMRK IGSPSKMGEP methods of production because of a deep belief in sustainable growth. 8SHE] XLI IRXIVTVMWI IQTPS]W MR EHHMXMSR XS XLI S[RIV FIX[IIR X[S ERH ´ZI JSV JEVQMRK ERH QEREKMRK XLI WIVZMGI ERH LEW EVSYRH GPMIRXW -R XLI 'SPSKRI EVIE XLIVI EVI X[S SVKERMWEXMSRW SJJIVMRK WMQMPEV WIVZMGIW FYX XLI %TJIPFEGLIV +IQ WIOMWXI MW XLI QSWX I\TIVMIRGIH ERH QSWX SVKERMWIH ;MXLSYX ER] QEVOIXMRK SV EHZIVXMWMRK %TJIPFEGLIV +IQ WIOMWXI MW WXMPP KVS[MRK WLS[MRK that customers do want organic quality food.

The experience

Design challenges

The luxury of receiving food to your LSQI ERH JIIPMRK GSR´HIRX EFSYX its provenance. Being in touch with the surrounding VIKMSR KIXXMRK XLI FIWX JVSQ MX

Creating multi-channel and multi-media communication platforms to connect producers and consumers directly XS IEGL SXLIV ERH XS RIX[SVO TVSHYGIVW Create a platform of technical services to support local small farmers and food producers. (IWMKR HIHMGEXIH TEGOEKMRK ERH PSKMWXMGEP WSPYXMSRW JSV WQEPP TVSHYGIVW MR XLI RIX[SVO

Authors 7GLSSP SJ (IWMKR 9RMZIVWMX] SJ %TTPMIH 7GMIRGIW 'SPSKRI +IVQER]

Camilla orders on the farm website, and the farmers prepare a box with the vegetables and fruits that she asks for.

Weekly, one of the farmers travels with a little truck around the city to deliver the boxes for the clients.

If she is not home, the box is left in front of her apartment.

60 (eating)

People who love cooking use their skills to cook for a larger group.

The Netherlands, Oosterhout NB

Huiskamerrestaurant Schuif ‘s Aan – Living Room Restaurant &] 1EEMOI ,IRKIP ;SYXIV ,IRKIP LXXT LSQI TPERIX RP bLYMWOEQIVVIWXEYVERX

Solution

The benefits

8LI ª0MZMRK 6SSQ 6IWXEYVERX« TVSZMHIW TISTPI XLI STTSVXYRMX] XS KS SYX LEZI E KSSH FYX EJJSVHEFPI QIEP ERH QIIX SXLIV TISTPI MR E LSQI WIXXMRK %JXIV VIWIVZMRK E TPEGI ZME IQEMP SV TLSRI TISTPI GER GSQI ERH WMX EX XLI LSWX«W HMRMRK XEFPI %JXIV E WLSVX GLEX FIX[IIR EPP XLI KYIWXW HMRRIV MW WIVZIH GSQTVMWMRK X[S ETTIXM^IVW QEMR GSYVWI HIWWIVX ERH YRPMQMXIH HVMROW +YIWXW GER GLSSWI XLI FEGOKVSYRH QYWMG ERH LIPT [MXL GPIERMRK XLI XEFPI FIX[IIR IEGL HMWL 8LI LSWXW WMX EX XLI IRHW SJ XLI XEFPI ERH W[MXGL TPEGIW FIX[IIR GSYVWIW WS XLI] GER XEPO XS IZIV]SRI XLIVI 8LI IZIRMRK PEWXW EW PSRK EW XLI KYIWXW ERH LSWXW [ERX ERH GSWXW IYVSW

Society. 8LI 0MZMRK 6SSQ 6IWXEYVERX«W FIRI´XW EVI QEMRP] XS MRHMZMHYEPW VEXLIV XLER KVSYTW EW MX IREFPIW TISTPI XS QEOI RI[ JVMIRHW 8LI IZIRMRKW EVI EVVERKIH MR E [E] XLEX EPQSWX RSFSH] ORS[W IEGL SXLIV EX IEGL TEVX] Environment. There are no significant benefits to the environment. Economy. 8LI LSWXW QEOI RS TVS´X FYX RSV HS XLI] QEOI E PSWW 1SWX SJ XLI FIRI´X MW SR E WSGMEP PIZIP 8LI] WLST MR VIKYPEV WYTIVQEVOIXW ERH XLI] HS RSX RIIH E VIWXEYVERX PMGIRGI EW MX MW a small-scale initiative.

Context 1ER] SPHIV TISTPI EVI GYX SJJ JVSQ WSGMIX] ERH SJXIR QMWW FIMRK EFPI XS GSSO JSV ERH IRXIVXEMR XLIMV GLMPHVIR ERH JEQMP] SRGI XLI GLMPHVIR PIEZI LSQI 8LI TISTPI [LS WXEVXIH XLI WGLIQI [ERX XS QEOI JVMIRHW FI WSGMEPP] EGXMZI ERH GVIEXI E WYTTSVX RIX[SVO 8LI] PSZI XS GSSO ERH [ERX XS SJJIV E GLIET EPXIVREXMZI JSV TISTPI [LS PMOI XS KS SYX XS HMRRIV

Current situation 1EEMOI ERH ;SYXIV WXEVXIH XLI MRMXMEXMZI MR *IFVYEV] ERH SXLIV WMQMPEV ¨VIWXEYVERXW© LEZI also started recently. 8LI GSYTPI [MPP OIIT KSMRK [MXL XLI TVSNIGX EW PSRK EW XLI] PMOI MX XLI] EVI UYMXI LETT] [MXL XLI GYVVIRX WIX YT ERH EVI RSX PSSOMRK JSV ER] GLERKIW SV I\TERWMSR

The experience

Design challenges

(IQSRWXVEXMRK SRI«W S[R WOMPPW ERH GETEFMPMXMIW Meeting new people with an open attitude in a cheerful environment. Being pleasantly surprised by the culinary ability SJ RIMKLFSYVW ERH HMWGSZIVMRK XLIMV LSQI

'VIEXMRK EGGIWW XS TISTPI«W I\TIVMIRGIW MR E PMZMRK VSSQ VIWXEYVERX WS XLEX SXLIVW GER start their own living room restaurant.

Authors TU Eindhoven, The Netherlands Ivo Stuyfzand, Eric Toering, Mathijs Wullems

62 (eating)

People interested in a healthy lifestyle and preserving the environment obtain organic food from local farmers, and also support their production.

France, Paris

Les Jardins de Cérès – Cérès’s garden &] 0IW .EVHMRW HI 'qVrW %WWSGMEXMSR [[[ NEVHMRW GIVIW RIX

Solution

The benefits

0IW .EVHMRW HI 'qVrW MW E GSRWYQIV KVSYT [LMGL [ERXW PSGEP JEVQIVW XS TVSHYGI JSSH SVKERMGEPP] 8S HS XLMW XLI KVSYT SVHIVW XLI TVSHYGI MR EHZERGI FIJSVI MX MW IZIR TPERXIH ERH KYEVERXIIW XS FY] XLI GVST 8LI EWWSGMEXMSR MW MRWTMVIH F] XLI %1%4 %WWSGMEXMSR TSYV PI 1EMRXMIR H«YRI %KVMGYPXYVI 4E]WERRI W]WXIQ [IPP ORS[R JSV WSQI ]IEVW MR WSYXLIVR EVIEW SJ *VERGI %R %1%4 MW FEWMGEPP] a group of customers (organised by the farmer) who buy goods from one particular farm. In this W]WXIQ XLI GYWXSQIVW EHNYWX XLIMV HIQERH XS [LEX XLI JEVQIV GER SJJIV WIEWSREPP] 1IQFIVW SJ 0IW .EVHMRW HIW 'qVrW LEZI TIVWYEHIH E GIVIEP JEVQIV [MXL EFSYX LE XS YWI SRI part of his farm to grow organic potatoes – the simplest crop. The members of the association help XLI JEVQIV HYVMRK XLI TVSGIWW ¦ XLI] GPIERIH XLI ]IEV SPH GIPPEV ERH GVIEXIH WXSVEKI TPEGIW ERH LIPTIH TPERX XIRH ERH LEVZIWX XLI TSXEXSIW ¦ ERH MR HSMRK WS HIZIPST E GPSWI VIPEXMSRWLMT

Society. 8LVSYKL GVIEXMRK E HMVIGX TVSHYGIV GSRWYQIV PMRO JEVQIVW KIX XS WIPP XLIMV TVSHYGXW JSV E KSSH TVMGI ERH [SVO YRHIV FIXXIV GSRHMXMSRW ERH GYWXSQIVW GER FY] LMKL UYEPMX] PSGEPP] TVSHYGIH products for a good price. By improving the economic situation of the farmer these organisations QE] [IPP WPS[ HS[R XLI MRHYWXVMEPMWEXMSR SJ XLI GSYRXV]WMHI 8LI QIQFIVW ZIV] QYGL IRNS] XLI WSGMEP RIX[SVO ERH EVI ZIV] E[EVI XLEX XLI TVSNIGX RIIHW WSGMEP GSRRIGXMSRW MR SVHIV XS [SVO /RS[MRK XLI TVSHYGMRK JEVQIV MW EPWS E FIRI´X JSV FSXL GSRWYQIV ERH JEVQIV

Context 4EPEMWIEY MW E WQEPP XS[R MR XLI WYFYVFW SJ 4EVMW [LMGL LEW FIGSQMRK QSVI ERH QSVI FYMPX YT with shopping malls and industrial areas eating into farmland over the past few years. Several KVSYTW JSVQIH XS TVSXIWX EKEMRWX XLIWI HIZIPSTQIRXW -WEFIPPI 1SVKER PMZMRK MR 4EPEMWIEY NSMRIH a demonstration organised by a group campaigning against the construction of a new shopping GIRXVI SR E LYKI WXYH JEVQ 7LI VIEPMWIH XLEX NYWX TVSXIWXMRK [EW RSX SJJIVMRK ER] WSPYXMSR WS she contacted existing associations to increase the impact of their actions. During this process WLI LIEVH EFSYX XLI '7% 'SQQYRMX] 7YTTSVXIH %KVMGYPXYVI MR XLI 97% ERH WE[ XLI QSHIP EW E WSPYXMSR XS XLI TVSFPIQ 0SSOMRK JSV WMQMPEV SVKERMWEXMSRW MR *VERGI XLI KVSYT JSYRH XLI %1%4 %JXIV GSRXEGXMRK WIZIVEP JEVQIVW MR XLI VIKMSR -WEFIPPI ERH LIV JVMIRHW QIX )QQERYIP :ERHEQI E farmer willing to try such a venture

Current situation 0IW .EVHMRW HIW 'qVrW [EW JSYRHIH MR (IGIQFIV *SV XLI ´VWX ]IEV SJ MXW I\MWXIRGI MXW QIQFIVW SVHIVIH E FEXGL SJ XLVII XSRW SJ TSXEXSIW [LMGL [IVI KVS[R SR XLI 4PEXIEY HI 7EGPE] GPSWI XS 4EPEMWIEY 8LI TVSGIWW GVIEXIH E WSGMEP RIX[SVO [LIVI TISTPI WLEVI XLIMV IRZMVSRQIRXEP GSRZMGXMSRW I\TIVMIRGIW ERH [E]W SJ PMJI 8LI JEVQIV [EW TEMH MR XLVII TEVXW ´VWX XLMVH MR EHZERGI XS TE] JSV XLI TPERXW ERH XLI XSSPW XLI WIGSRH XLMVH LEPJ [E] XLVSYKL TVSHYGXMSR ERH XLI XLMVH TEVX [LIR XLI TSXEXSIW [IVI LEVZIWXIH 8LI TVMGI JSV SRI OMPS [EW IZEPYEXIH MR EHZERGI F] XEOMRK XLI EZIVEKI TVMGI SJ SVKERMG TSXEXSIW 8LI EWWSGMEXMSR HSIWR«X KIX ER] I\XIVREP ´RERGMEP WYTTSVX

Environment. 8LI TVSNIGX SJJIVW ER EPXIVREXMZI XS MRHYWXVMEPMWEXMSR MR XLI EVIE SJ 4EPEMWIEY [LMPI supporting and developing local organic agriculture. By offering the farmer a good price for his TVSHYGI XLI EWWSGMEXMSR IREFPIW LMQ XS IEVR E PMZMRK WS LI MW RSX JSVGIH XS WIPP LMW PERH JSV HIZIPSTQIRX 8LI TVSNIGX WYTTSVXW OIITMRK KVIIR EVIEW EVSYRH XLI XS[R 8LI JEVQIV [LS YWIH XS SRP] KVS[ GIVIEPW MR E GSRZIRXMSREP [E] MW RS[ MRXIVIWXIH MR I\TERHMRK SVKERMG GYPXMZEXMSR WXIT F] WXIT %PWS F] TVSQSXMRK E HMVIGX TVSHYGIV GSRWYQIV PMRO XLI EWWSGMEXMSR VIHYGIW XLI HMWXERGI produce is transported Economy. %R] IGSRSQMG FIRI´X MR XLI ´VWX ]IEV [EW QSWXP] JSV XLI JEVQIV EW XLI EWWSGMEXMSR TEMH XLI ªWLST TVMGI« JSV XLI TSXEXSIW XS LIPT XLI JEVQIV FY] XLI RIGIWWEV] XSSPW KIX XS ORS[ XLI SVKERMG TVSGIWW IXG 3ZIV XLI GSQMRK ]IEVW XLI] [MPP WXIEHMP] HIGVIEWI XLI TVMGI WS XLEX GSRWYQIVW also benefit economically.

The experience

Design challenges

Supporting a local farmer in using natural methods of cultivation. Being in touch with the local area and getting the best from it. 8EOMRK TEVX MR XLI JEVQMRK EGXMZMXMIW ERH KIXXMRK FEGO XS REXYVI

Creating multi-channels and multi-media communication platforms between producers and consumers. (IWMKRMRK HIHMGEXIH TEGOEKMRK ERH PSKMWXMG WSPYXMSRW JSV E RIX[SVO SJ WQEPP TVSHYGIVW

Authors )27'- 0IW %XIPMIVW 4EVMW *VERGI 1MPEQIQ %FHIVEQERI (MPPEL %RHVIEW (IYXWGL 0YM^ ,IRVMUYI 7k

Not satisfied by his work through conventional farming methods, Emmanuel Vandame, the farmer was close to closing his business. With the project he saw a chance of making his living without subsidies from the state, working in a more human context and helping him try organic farming. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;We are going to double the cultivation area ... community-supported agriculture is on its way.â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

64 (eating)

Local food from small local producers is delivered to the home thanks to a shared van.

United Kingdom, Skye, Scotland

Local Food Link Van Group &] 7O]I 0SGLEPWL *SSH 0MRO :ER +VSYT [[[ JSSHPMROZER GS YO

Solution

The benefits

0SGEP *SSH :ER 0MRO MR EWWSGMEXMSR [MXL SXLIV KVSYTW LIPTW MRGVIEWI PSGEP JSSH TVSHYGXMSR F] HMWXVMFYXMRK TVSHYGI EVSYRH XLI PSGEP GSQQYRMX] 7O]I ERH 0SGLEPWL *SSH 0MRO MW E ZSPYRXEV] EWWSGMEXMSR SJ PSGEP TVSHYGIVW GEXIVIVW VIXEMPIVW ERH GSRWYQIVW [MXL ER MRXIVIWX MR TVSQSXMRK JVIWL PSGEPP] TVSHYGIH JSSH % WLEVIH ZER PMROW XLI RIX[SVO ERH HMWXVMFYXIW PSGEP TVSHYGI EPP over the island. The group was initiated in April 2000 by a couple of local producers who decided XLEX VEXLIV XLER HIPMZIVMRK IZIV] TVSHYGX XLIQWIPZIW XLI] [SYPH YWI E ZER XS HVMZI E WIX VSYXI X[MGI E [IIO TMGOMRK YT XLI SVHIVW JVSQ XLI TVSHYGIV ERH HIPMZIVMRK XLIQ XS XLIMV GYWXSQIVW &] HSMRK WS RSX SRP] GSYPH XLI] WEZI SR TIXVSP FYX EPWS IRWYVI XLI HIPMZIV] SJ PSGEP TVSHYGI EPP SZIV XLI MWPERH GVIEXMRK E QSVI WYWXEMREFPI GSQQYRMX] 8LI WSPYXMSR FSXL IRWYVIW XLI JYXYVI SJ PSGEP JSSH TVSHYGIVW F] HMWXVMFYXMRK XLIMV KSSHW ERH TVSQSXIW MQTSVXERX EWTIGXW SJ IGSRSQMG ERH environmental community life and the health benefits of locally grown fresh produce.

Society. 8LI *SSH 0MRO +VSYT EMQW XS FYMPH WXVSRK WYWXEMREFPI RIX[SVOW FIX[IIR PSGEP TVSHYGIVW and consumers in order to stimulate local food production. They believe that there are sound IGSRSQMG IRZMVSRQIRXEP LIEPXL ERH GSQQYRMX] FIRI´XW XS FI KEMRIH JVSQ WSYVGMRK JSSH HMVIGXP] JVSQ [LIVI MX MW TVSHYGIH 8LI 7O]I IRZMVSRQIRX MW WEMH XS TVSHYGI WSQI SJ XLI FIWX UYEPMX] JSSH MR &VMXEMR JVII JVSQ TSPPYXMSR KIRIXMG QSHM´GEXMSR ERH SXLIV LEVQJYP WYFWXERGIW

Context *SSH HMWXVMFYXMSR [EW QEHI HMJ´GYPX F] XLI PEVKI HMWXERGIW FIX[IIR TVSHYGIVW VIXEMPIVW ERH GSRWYQIVW HIGVIEWMRK XLI EZEMPEFMPMX] SJ PSGEP JSSH TVSHYGI SR XLI MWPERH 8S MQTVSZI XLMW WMXYEXMSR XLI JSSH PMRO ZER [EW MRMXMEXIH SR E ZSPYRXEV] FEWMW MR [MXL E XV] SYX TIVMSH SJ WM\ QSRXLW *SPPS[MRK MXW WYGGIWW *SSH 0MRO 7O]I ERH 0SGLEPWL [EW MRGSVTSVEXIH MR EW E RSR TVS´X QEOMRK GSQTER] XS QEREKI XLI E[EVH [MRRMRK JSSHPMRO ZER ERH WIGYVI MXW JYXYVI EW E viable local distribution service.

Current situation ;MXLMR XLI PEWX ´ZI ]IEVW XLI JSSH PMRO LEW ZEWXP] MRGVIEWIH XLI EQSYRX SJ PSGEP TVSHYGI WXE]MRK [MXLMR 7O]I ERH 0SGLEPGL JVSQ XS SZIV 8LI ZER KVSYT GSQTVMWIW ETTVS\MQEXIP] TVSHYGIVW ERH GYWXSQIVW WTVIEH EPP SZIV XLI MWPERH 8LI JYRHMRK MX VIGIMZIH MR EPPS[IH the group to buy a larger van which enabled them to deliver even more produce and help the van XS FIGSQI WIPJ WYJ´GMIRX %X TVIWIRX XLI ZER VYRW SR 8YIWHE] ERH *VMHE] RSVQEPP] FIX[IIR 1EVGL ERH 3GXSFIV 8LI GYWXSQIVW TE] XLI TVMGI SJ XLI TVSHYGI XLI] SVHIV ERH E PIZ] MW TEMH F] XLI TVSHYGIV XS XLI GSQTER] 8LMW QSRI] MW YWIH JSV TIXVSP ZER QEMRXIRERGI ERH TE]W XLI [EKIW SJ XLI ZER HVMZIV ERH XLI QEVOIXMRK GS SVHMREXSV

Environment. The use of one shared vehicle for a group of 40 farmers clearly minimises congestion and pollution. Detrimental environmental impacts of conventional agribusinesses can be avoided through the promotion of small-scale local production that underpins the notion of healthy and communal living on the island. The consumption of fresh and seasonal food reduce the need of energy for cooling and freezing. Economy. 8LI WGLIQI«W JYXYVI EMQ MW XS FSXL VIMRJSVGI XLI RSXMSR SJ WIPJ WYJ´GMIRG] XLVSYKL PSGEP TVSHYGI ERH MRGVIEWI GSSTIVEXMSR FIX[IIR TVSHYGIV ERH GYWXSQIV SR XLI SXLIV 1EOMRK WYGL high-quality food available to local people and visitors encourages aspects of local and family IGSRSQ] ERH IRWYVIW XLI JYXYVI SJ WYWXEMREFPI EKVMGYPXYVI SR 7O]I

The experience

Design challenges

The luxury of receiving food to the HSSV [MXL GSR´HIRGI EFSYX MXW provenance. The feeling of being in contact with the surrounding region and getting the best from it. 8LI JIIPMRK SJ FIPSRKMRK XS ERH TVMHI MR XLI RIX[SVO

Creating multi-channel and multi-media communication platforms to connect producers and consumers directly to each other. Creating technical services to support farmers and food producers. (IWMKRMRK HIHMGEXIH TEGOEKMRK ERH PSKMWXMGW XS FI YWIH MR XLI RIX[SVO F] WQEPP TVSHYGIVW (IZIPSTMRK TPEGI QEVOIXMRK

Authors 7GLSSP SJ (IWMKR 8LI +PEWKS[ 7GLSSP SJ %VX 7GSXPERH )QQ] 0EVWWSR .YPME 7GLEITIV

The main benefits of the van, for customer and consumer, are the convenience of delivery, and the strong feeling of confidence among the network participants, trusting the high quality of freshly harvested seasonal goods.

66 (eating)

People living in the city get in touch with a farm and provide themselves with high-quality natural food.

Estonia

Natural Food-system near the roads &] :EVMSYW )WXSRMER JEVQIVW

Solution

The benefits

8LIWI JEVQIVW WIPP XLIMV TVSHYGXW ¦ QSWXP] JVIWL QMPO GLIIWI LSRI] ZIKIXEFPIW ERH FIVVMIW ¦ XS TEWWIVW F] SR XLI VSEH ;LMPI XLI HVMZIVW WXEVXIH ´VWX XS EWO JSV WSQI QMPO SV WSQI IKKW RS[ XLI farms have found their favourite clients (mainly from the city) and in time the drivers have found XLIMV JEZSYVMXI JEVQW ERH TVSHYGXW XSS %W XLI [SVH WTVIEH FY]MRK JSSH EX XLI JEVQW FIGEQI QSVI TSTYPEV ERH MR XMQI XLI JEZSYVMXI GPMIRXW LEZI FIGSQI JEQMP] JVMIRHW [LS EVI [IPGSQI XS WII XLI animals and develop a feeling for farm life. Every customer has to have their own transport and TEGOEKMRK SV XLI] GER FVMRK FEGO TEGOEKMRK XLI JEVQ KEZI XLIQ FIJSVI *SV JEVQIVW XLMW WIPPMRK channel is a needed income.

Society. The natural food system brings city and country people into contact with each other. It IRXIVXEMRW TISTPI SJ EPP EKIW ERH KMZIW GMX] H[IPPIVW E GLERGI XS TEVXMGMTEXI MR JEVQ PMJI -X GVIEXIW E RI[ GMVGPI SJ GSQQYRMGEXMSR PEWXMRK QER] KIRIVEXMSRW [LIVI TEVXMGMTERXW WYTTSVX IEGL SXLIV morally and materially.

Context

Economy. )GSRSQMG FIRI´XW EVI IZMHIRX JSV FSXL TVSHYGIVW ERH GSRWYQIVW %W MX MW E WLSVXIV GLEMR [MXL XLI GYWXSQIV TE]MRK XLI JEVQIV HMVIGXP] TVMGIW EVI QYGL PS[IV XLER EX XLI QEVOIX FYX FIXXIV JSV XLI JEVQIV XLER [LSPIWEPIVW 8LIVI EVI EPWS WEZMRKW SR XVERWTSVX TEGOEKMRK XMQI WIPPMRK points and storage.

,EPJ SJ )WXSRMERW PMZI MR XS[RW ERH SJXIR S[R E WYQQIV LSQI SV LEZI VIPEXMZIW MR XLI GSYRXV]WMHI Commuting to the countryside is done by car as public transport infrastructure is not very wellHIZIPSTIH 8EPPMRR ,EETWEPY VSEH MW SRI SJ XLI QEMR VSEHW JSV XLMW OMRH SJ NSYVRI] ERH LEW E PSX of farms along it. Farmers in Estonia often have problems with selling their production through [LSPIWEPIVW FIGEYWI XLI TVMGIW EVI XSS PS[ ;MXL XLMW ERH )9 FYVIEYGVEG] WQEPPIV JEVQW LEZI stopped producing goods. At the same time a lot of city people are losing their connection with REXYVEP PMJIWX]PIW ERH XLIMV ORS[PIHKI EFSYX GSYRXV] PMJI ERH LS[ REXYVEP JSSH MW TVSHYGIH

Current situation 8LMW OMRH SJ VIPEXMSRWLMT FIX[IIR TEWWMRK GMX] TISTPI ERH JEVQIVW MW [IPP IWXEFPMWLIH ERH E GSQQSR XVEHMXMSR EPP SZIV )WXSRME &YX EW MX WXEVXIH MR XLI 7SZMIX IVE XLI TVEGXMGI [EW WIGVIX ERH YRSJ´GMEP ERH RS VIWIEVGL LEW FIIR HSRI MRXS MX 7SQIXMQIW XLI JEVQIV ERH GSRWYQIVW GSQQYRMGEXI F] TLSRI SV SRPMRI [LMGL QEOIW XLI TVSGIWW IEWMIV ERH IREFPIW XLI JEVQIV XS prepare the necessary products.

Environment. *EVQW GPSWI XS FMK VSEHW GER GSRXMRYI JEVQMRK ERH QEOI E PMZMRK 3VKERMG JEVQMRK F] WQEPP JEVQIVW OIITW REXYVI MR FEPERGI QYGL FIXXIV XLER FMK IRXIVTVMWI EGXMZMXMIW ERH GEVIW JSV XLI JSVIWXW ´IPHW ERH ERMQEPW 8LI TVSHYGXW EVI QSVI REXYVEP PIWW TVSGIWWIH ERH YWI PIWW GLIQMGEP XVIEXQIRXW [LMGL MW ZIV] MQTSVXERX JSV RYXVMXMSR MR KIRIVEP

The experience

Design challenges

8LI EHZIRXYVI SJ ZMWMXMRK XLI JEVQW and discovering people and products. The fun of searching for a farmer to buy from. Behaving ethically.

Creating multi-channel and multi-media communication platforms to connect producers and consumers directly to each other. Develop infrastructure and services to support farmers direct selling in the farm. Design a proper communication system along the roads.

Authors )WXSRMER %GEHIQ] SJ %VXW )WXSRME /mXPMR /ERKYV %RRE 6SSQIX

Anna and her mother Merike are ready to visit a farm to buy fresh milk and eggs. Anna has a jar for the milk. They are greeted by a family dog. They are taken to where the cows and goats are kept. Anna takes milk from the milkbarrel, where it is put after milking. As well as buying foods, she can feed the animals and get to know the new-born goats. Merike gives in cash for the foods.

68 (eating)

People are helped to adopt an ecologically pure and healthy lifestyle, balancing man and nature.

Estonia, Tallinn, Tartu

Ökosahver - Eco-pantry &] hOSWELZIV www.sahver.ee

Solution

The benefits

hOSWELZIV WIPPW GIVXM´IH SVKERMG JSSH ZME HMJJIVIRX WIVZMGIW ERH GLERRIPW 8LI JSSH FS\ SRI SJ XLI QSWX TSTYPEV TVSHYGXW GSRXEMRW HMJJIVIRX X]TIW SJ JSSH QEMRP] ZIKIXEFPIW FYX EPWS LSRI] FVIEH ERH LIVFW JVSQ PSGEP SVKERMG JEVQW MW IRSYKL JSV XLI FEWMG [IIOP] RIIHW SJ E JEQMP] SJ JSYV ERH GER FI SVHIVIH F] TLSRI SV SRPMRI 7YFWGVMFIVW VIGIMZI I QEMPW SR XLI GSRXIRX SJ XLI JSSH FS\ ERH HITIRHMRK SR XLIMV EVIE VIGIMZI XLI FS\ XS XLIMV HSSVWXIT SR ;IHRIWHE] SV 8LYVWHE] hOSWELZIV«W QMWWMSR MW XS MRJSVQ XLI GSRWYQIV EFSYX LS[ IGS JSSH MW TVSHYGIH ERH MXW advantages. Customers can also buy the organic food at its shop. 8LI RYQFIV SJ GPMIRXW ZEVMIW EGGSVHMRK XS WIEWSR GSRWYQTXMSR KSIW YT MR XLI WTVMRK FYX MW around 600 on average.

Society. %W SVKERMG EKVMGYPXYVI XEOIW QSVI TL]WMGEP [SVO ERH GER SRP] TEVXP] FI QIGLERMWIH MX TVSZMHIW [SVO JSV TISTPI [LS SXLIV[MWI [SYPH FI YRIQTPS]IH OIITW WQEPP JEVQW EPMZI ERH WYWXEMRW GSYRXV] PMJI hOSWELZIV EPWS MRJSVQW TISTPI EFSYX XLI FIRI´XW SJ IGSPSKMGEP JSSH ERH lifestyle.

Context 8LIVI EVI X[S GSRGITXW FILMRH XLI MHIE XLEX QER] TISTPI [ERX XS IEX REXYVEP PSGEPP] TVSHYGIH JSSH IZIR MR YVFER EVIEW ERH XLEX WQEPP JEVQIVW GER RSX GSQTIXI [MXL LYKI MRHYWXVMEP WGEPI TVSHYGIVW WS MX MW ZMXEP JSV XLIQ XS ´RH EPXIVREXMZI VIXEMP GLERRIPW 8LIWI WEQI TVSHYGIVW EVI SJXIR MRZSPZIH MR XLI SVKERMG JEVQMRK QSZIQIRX XLEX WXEVXIH [MXL XLI IWXEFPMWLQIRX SJ XLI ª)WXSRMER &MS H]REQMG %WWSGMEXMSR« MR MR XLI 7SZMIX IVE -XW VETMH VMWI FIKER MR XLEROW XS XLI growing public interest in organic farming.

Current situation hOSWELZIV WXEVXIH MR ERH VYRW MR X[S GMXMIW ¦ 8EPPMRR ERH 8EVXY -X MW XLI ´VWX GSQTER] MR Estonia to retail and wholesale certified organic products. The organic food box service is quite E RI[ MHIE MR )WXSRME ERH EX XLI QSQIRX MW XLI SRP] I\EQTPI SJ XLMW OMRH SJ MRMXMEXMZI MR EPP XLI Baltic states. -X LEW GSRRIGXMSRW [MXL WIZIR SV IMKLX SVKERMG JEVQW ERH IQTPS]W XLVII TISTPI 9RXMP XLI GSQTER] GER EJJSVH XS IQTPS] QSVI TISTPI MX [MPP RSX FI EFPI XS KIX QSVI GYWXSQIVW 8S KIX QSVI GYWXSQIVW hOSWELZIV JIIPW MX RIIHW XS I\TERH MXW TVSHYGX VERKI FYX EW XLI )WXSRMER GPMQEXI HSIWR«X EPPS[ JVIWL ZIKIXEFPIW XS FI KVS[R EPP ]IEV VSYRH TSWWMFPI I\TERWMSR QE] LEZI XS YWI canned food.

Environment. 8LI TVSHYGXMSR SJ SVKERMG JSSH EZSMHMRK KIRIXMGEPP] QSHM´IH WIIHW ERH TIWXMGMHIW ERH JSPPS[MRK SVKERMG ERH WIEWSREP GYPXMZEXMSR XIGLRMUYIW VIHYGIW TSPPYXMSR -X EPWS TVIWIVZIW REXMZI WTIGMIW ERH XLI SVMKMREP PERHWGETI WEJIKYEVHMRK FMSHMZIVWMX] 8LI VIHYGXMSR SJ JSSH transportation from other regions radically reduces the environmental impact of the food chain. Economy. The solution provides a new and alternative retail channel from small organic producers HMVIGXP] XS GSRWYQIVW [LMGL GYXW XLI GSWXW JSV FSXL -R EHHMXMSR KVS[MRK SVKERMG JSSH MW IGSRSQMGEPP] VIWTSRWMFPI MR )WXSRME FIGEYWI SJ XLI GLEVEGXIVMWXMGW SJ XLI I\MWXMRK JEVQW ERH countryside.

The experience

Design challenges

4PIEWYVI SJ IEXMRK ªSYX SJ XLI FS\« and selecting food according to quality and seasons. Being in touch with the surrounding region and getting the best from it. Behaving ethically.

Creating multi-channel and multi-media communication platforms to connect producers and consumers directly to each other. Developing concepts for food-shops as multiservice food points. (IWMKRMRK HIHMGEXIH TEGOEKMRK ERH PSKMWXMGW XS FI YWIH MR XLI RIX[SVO F] WQEPP TVSHYGIVW

Authors )WXSRMER %GEHIQ] SJ %VXW )WXSRME iPPI .ILI )IPMOI :MVZI

Typical users of the service are young families with children. After becoming aware of what they should feed their babies, mothers start to pay attention to what they eat themselves. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Happy vegetablesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; are also a solution for allergic people, and consumers who want organic food because of their principles. Consumers also like the service idea where a set of basic food products is brought to their doorsteps.

70 (eating)

People over 60 raise vegetables and fruit in town, spend time together, and enjoy the open air.

Italy, Milan

Orti del Parco Nord – Parco Nord Vegetable Gardens By Consortium Parco Nord www.parconord.milano.it

Solution

The benefits

:IKIXEFPI +EVHIRW MW E WIVZMGI TVSZMHIH F] E GSRWSVXMYQ SJ WM\ PSGEP EYXLSVMXMIW EVSYRH XLI 4EVGS 2SVH TEVO MR XLI 1MPERIWI WYFYVFW 9RHIV XLI :IKIXEFPI +EVHIRW TEVXMGMTERXW GER VIRX ER EPPSXQIRX very close to residential areas to grow their own fruit and vegetables. 8LI WIVZMGI MW STIR XS TIRWMSRIVW LSYWI[MZIW ERH XLI YRIQTPS]IH SZIV ERH KMZIW XLIQ XLI GLERGI XS WSGMEPMWI ERH IRNS] SYXHSSV EGXMZMXMIW 9WIVW GER KVS[ [LEXIZIV XLI] [MWL FYX LEZI XS QEMRXEMR XLIMV TEVX SJ XLI KEVHIR ERH PSSO EJXIV GSQQSR WTEGIW 3RGI MR E [LMPI XLI] EVI EWOIH XS TEVXMGMTEXI XS QIIXMRKW ERH XVEMRMRK WIQMREVW 6IRX SR E WM\ ]IEV VIRI[EFPI GSRXVEGX MRGPYHIW E WXSVEKI GLIWX GSRGVIXI XMPIW JSV TEXLW [EXIV ERH HMWTSWEP SJ RSR GSQTSWXEFPI [EWXI

Society. 'EVMRK JSV XLIMV S[R KEVHIR KMZIW TEVXMGMTERXW IRXIVXEMRQIRX MQTVSZIH JEQMP] ´RERGIW

XLEROW XS XLI TVSHYGXMSR SJ ZIKIXEFPIW ERH XLI STTSVXYRMX] XS VIQEMR EGXMZI ERH FI YWIJYP 8LI WSGMEP EHZERXEKIW EVI VI ZMXEPMWEXMSR SJ XLI GMX] F] MRXVSHYGMRK RI[ HE] XS HE] EGXMZMXMIW ERH VIKIRIVEXMSR SJ TYFPMG WTEGI F] QEREKMRK XLI TYFPMG EVIE SJ XLI ZIKIXEFPI KEVHIRW 8LI SRI PMQMX is that it is only for elderly people.

Context

Economy. -X MQTVSZIW ERH QEMRXEMRW XLI UYEPMX] SJ E KVIIR EVIE JSV PS[ GSWX ERH QE] WXMQYPEXI WQEPP WGEPI PSGEP IRXIVTVMWI KEVHIRMRK WLSTW WIPPMRK SV VIRXEP SJ KEVHIRMRK XSSPW SV GS STIVEXMZIW of professional gardeners.

4EVGS 2SVH MW E FMK WIQM YVFER TEVO ZIV] GPSWI XS VIWMHIRXMEP EVIEW %W QER] SXLIV TEVOW MX WYJJIVW JVSQ E PEGO SJ QEMRXIRERGI ERH LEW LYKI YRYWIH WTEGIW XLEX GSYPH FI HIZSXIH XS QER] SXLIV YWIW 8LI GSRWSVXMYQ XLEX QEREKIW XLI TEVO [ERXIH XS FSXL WSPZI XLI TVSFPIQW SJ XLI TEVO ERH ´RH E WSPYXMSR XS XLI MWSPEXMSR I\TIVMIRGI F] QER] TISTPI IWTIGMEPP] TIRWMSRIVW IWTIGMEPP] MR YVFER EVIEW [LMGL PEGO TYFPMG WTEGIW SV JEGMPMXMIW JSV GLMPHVIR XIIREKIVW ERH XLI IPHIVP] % JI[ ]IEVW EKS TEVXW SJ XLI VEMP[E] IQFEROQIRXW LEH FIIR KMZIR XS VIXMVIH TISTPI XS JEVQ XLMW MRWTMVIH XLI MHIE SJ HMZMHMRK YT TEVXW SJ XLI TEVO XS ERH KMZMRK XLIQ XS TSXIRXMEP YVFER JEVQIVW

Environment. -X GVIEXIW E [IPP OITX EVIE SJ TEVOPERH RIEV XLI GMX] ERH F] TVSHYGMRK WSQI ZIKIXEFPIW for local consumption reduces the demand for food from further away. It encourages the use of organic home waste as compost and promotes a culture of natural food.

Current situation The scheme started in 1996 and has stood the test of time. It has incorporated lessons learned JVSQ XLI QER] WMQMPEV MRMXMEXMZIW MR 1MPER ERH IPWI[LIVI MR -XEP] ERH XLI [SVPH YRHIV [LMGL an estimated 200 million urban farmers cultivate for 700 million people. Although the concept MW [MHIWTVIEH 4EVGS 2SVH«W W]WXIQ MW YRYWYEP MR LEZMRK E TYFPMG GSQTIXMXMSR XS FI KMZIR ER EPPSXQIRX 3RGI E JEVQIV MW MR XLI] TE] E ZIV] PS[ VEXI EVSYRH IYVSW TIV ]IEV JSV YWI SJ XLI KEVHIR ERH HIHMGEXIH WIVZMGIW FYX XLI] LEZI XS FY] WIIHW ERH TPERXW XLIQWIPZIW

The experience

Design challenges

The satisfaction of growing fruit and vegetables themselves. Meeting other people with the same passion for gardening. )RNS]MRK STIR EMV EGXMZMXMIW

Creating services and tools to support nonprofessional farmers and gardeners. 'VIEXMRK RIX[SVOW JSV IRXLYWMEWXW XS WLEVI I\TIVMIRGIW ERH WOMPPW

Authors 4SPMXIGRMGS HM 1MPERS -XEP] +IVQER )WTMRS^E )PZMW 1IRIKLIP

72 (eating)

Quality organic food is guaranteed by a brand.

Poland, Krakow, Warszawa

Slow food in Poland &] :MWERE 'SRWYPXMRK +VSYT http://vcg.pl

Solution

The benefits

;SVOMRK [MXL E KVSYT SJ TVSHYGIVW [MXLSYX XLIMV S[R [MHI WGEPI HMWXVMFYXMSR RIX[SVO SR E [MHIV WGEPI :MWERE GEQI YT [MXL MXW S[R FVERH ª7STPMGS[S M SOSPMGI« WMQYPXERISYWP] GVIEXMRK E PSKMWXMGW ERH HMWXVMFYXMSR RIX[SVO 2S[ TVSQSXMRK XLI MHIE SJ ªWPS[ JSSH« :MWERE XVEHIW MR SVKERMG TVSHYGI XVEHMXMSREPP] JEVQIH -X GS STIVEXIW [MXL PSGEP TVSHYGIVW SJJIVMRK FIXXIV WEPIW STTSVXYRMXMIW JSV XLIMV TVSHYGXW MR I\GLERKI JSV TVSHYGXMSR YRHIV XLI ª7STPMGS[S M SOSPMGI PEFIP« 8LMW KMZIW EPWS GMX] consumers access to high-quality products from a trustworthy source.

Society. % RI[ PMJIWX]PI MW GVIEXIH SJ LIEPXL] ERH XVEHMXMSREP JSSH ERH GSRWYQIV E[EVIRIWW ERH concern for the source and quality of products. In this way Poland is slowly starting to follow the ;IWX MR WYTTSVXMRK WQEPP VIKMSREP JSSH TVSHYGIVW TEVXMGYPEVP] SVMKMREP XVEHMXMSREP ERH LIEPXL] JSSH that are unfortunately threatened with obsolescence.

Context 3R SRI LERH GSRWYQIV E[EVIRIWW SJ UYEPMX] MW KVS[MRK :MWERE«W XEVKIX KVSYT MR ;EVWE[ EXXEGLIW MQTSVXERGI XS XVEHMXMSREP XEWXI ERH [MXL PMXXPI XMQI JSV GSSOMRK IEXW SYX MR VIWXEYVERXW SJJIVMRK VIKMSREP GYMWMRI SV FY]W VIEH] QEHI TVSHYGX [MXL ªLSQI QEHI« EWWSGMEXMSRW 3R XLI SXLIV LERH concern about biodiversity in agriculture is increasing.

Environment. :MWERE«W TVSHYGXW EVI QEHI JVSQ REXYVEP MRKVIHMIRXW ERH KVS[R MR IRZMVSRQIRXEPP] JVMIRHP] GSRHMXMSRW 8LI WSMP MW JIVXMPMWIH [MXL REXYVEP GSQTSWXW ERH XLI JVYMX ERH ZIKIXEFPIW contain no pesticides. This encourages traditional farming methods with fertilisers that do no harm to the environment. Economy. 8LIVI EVI GYVVIRXP] TVSHYGIVW [SVOMRK YRHIV XLI GSQQSR ª7STPMGS[S M SOSPMGI« FVERH ERH EVSYRH HMWXVMFYXSVW MR ;EVWE[ EPSRI [MXL EPP XLI TEVXMGMTERXW TVS´XMRK JVSQ XLI GS STIVEXMZI ZIRXYVI 4VSHYGIVW ERH HMWXVMFYXSVW WTPMX XLI VMWOW ERH TVS´XW IZIRP] 8LI GSQTER] MW IQTPS]MRK QSVI WXEJJ XLI TVSHYGXMSR ´VQW EVI I\TERHMRK F] MRZIWXMRK MR E QEGLMRI TEVO ERH EW GSR´HIRGI KVS[W RI[ MHIEW IQIVKI EPP XLI XMQI

Current situation 8LI WGLIQI VYR F] :MWERE 'SRWYPXMRK +VSYT LEW FIIR KSMRK WMRGI %YKYWX ;EVWE[ MW XLI QEMR QEVOIX [MXL /VEOS[ MRGPYHIH VIGIRXP] EW [IPP FYX XLI XEVKIX MW XS GSZIV XLI [LSPI SJ 4SPERH 8S MRGVIEWI WEPIW XLI GSQTER] QE] XEOI SZIV GS STIVEXMZI TVSHYGXMSR GSQTERMIW SV MRZIWXMRK MR RI[ TVSHYGX PMRIW 8LIWI [SYPH LEZI WMKRM´GERX MQTEGXW SR XLI TVS´X QEVKMR XLI TVMGIW SJ VE[ QEXIVMEP TYVGLEWIW ERH TVSHYGXMSR UYEPMX] GSRXVSP ;LIR XLI GSQTER] WXEVXIH WLSYPHIVIH XLIMV S[R MRZIWXQIRX [LMGL EPPS[IH JSV XLI FEWMG RIIHW SJ XLI GSQTER] XS FI TEMH JSV %X TVIWIRX XLI GSQTER] MW WYVZMZMRK SJJ HMZMHIRHW 'SWXW MRGPYHI SJ´GI VIRXEP WXSVILSYWIW EGGSYRXERG] WXEJJ WEPEVMIW ERH XVERWTSVXEXMSR VIRXEP GSWXW ERH TIXVSP ;MXL XLI STIRMRK SJ XLI )YVSTIER 9RMSR FSVHIVW ERH XLI PEVKI MRXIVIWX MR 4SPMWL JSSH MR XLI ;IWX XLI GSQTER] MW TPERRMRK XS IRXIV XLI )YVSTIER QEVOIX MR XLI WTEGI SJ XLI RI\X JI[ ]IEVW

The experience

Design challenges

Rediscovering traditional food.

'VIEXMRK WIVZMGIW IZIRXW ERH TPEGIW XS TVIWIRX ERH XEWXI local traditional food. Conceiving a platform of technical services to support local small farmers and food producers. Designing a visual identity for the brand which still allows the individual producers their own identity.

Authors %GEHIQ] SJ *MRI %VXW MR /VEOS[ 4SPERH +V^IKSV^ 'LSPI[MEO

commuting

76 (commuting)

Bikers learn to maintain their own bikes and are helped to commute by bike.

Italy, San Donato Milanese, Milan

+BC Cycling Association By +BC Association www.piubici.org

Solution

The benefits

&' WXERHMRK JSV XLI -XEPMER JSV ÂªQSVI FMG]GPIWÂ« MW ER EWWSGMEXMSR SJ FMG]GPI I\TIVXW WYTTSVXIH F] XLI 1YRMGMTEPMX] SJ 7ER (SREXS 1MPERIWI MRZIRXSVW ERH IRXLYWMEWXW [LS IRGSYVEKI XLI GYPXYVI SJ G]GPMRK MR XLI GMX] F] WYTTP]MRK WIVZMGIW PMOI LMVMRK WIGSRH LERH FMG]GPIW XIGLRMGEP LIPT QEMRXIRERGI ERH GVIEXMZMX] [SVOWLSTW TEVOMRK JEGMPMXMIW ERH FMG]GPI WIGYVMX] -X EPWS SVKERMWIW GYPXYVEP EGXMZMXMIW ERH TVSZMHIW GSRWYPXERG] WIVZMGIW SR WYWXEMREFPI XVERWTSVX &'Â«W WIVZMGIW EVI STIR XS EPP Â¦ XLIVIÂ«W RS W]WXIQ SJ QIQFIVWLMT 8LI &' [SVOWLSTW EVI QEREKIH F] XLI YWIVW under the supervision of an expert mechanic.

Society. The solution empowers people by helping them to start using bicycles instead of using GEVW ERH XIEGLMRK XLIQ LS[ XS VITEMV XLIMV S[R FMOIW ']GPMRK GSRXVMFYXIW XS E FIXXIV IRZMVSRQIRX and healthier lifestyle. Environment. Integrating transportation â&#x20AC;&#x201C; bicycle and subway â&#x20AC;&#x201C; can help solve traffic and pollution problems in large cities. +BC also helps to extend the life of old bicycles by repairing (or teaching to repair) and selling them. Economy. The service enables users to maintain their own bicycles for a low price.

Context The scheme is concerned with developing and disseminating innovative models of integrated QSFMPMX] XS VIHYGI IRZMVSRQIRXEP IGSRSQMGEP ERH WSGMEP TVSFPIQW MR XLI GMX] &' LEW X[S QEMR PSGEXMSRW SRI MR HS[RXS[R 1MPER QEMRP] HIHMGEXIH XS QEMRXIRERGI EGXMZMXMIW XLI SXLIV SRI MW EX the San Donato Milanese metro station to encourage people to use bicycles instead of private cars.

Current situation +BC has been running since 2003. The idea of a bicycle station with added services has existed MR RSVXLIVR )YVSTI JSV QER] ]IEVW FYX MR -XEP] XLI MHIE SJ GSQFMRMRK E FMG]GPI TEVOMRK PSX [MXL VIRXMRK QEMRXIRERGI VITEMVMRK MRHSSV TEVOMRK ERH GSYVWIW ERH IZIRXW MW E RSZIPX] 8LI WGLIQI is unique to both Milan and Italy.

The experience

Design challenges

Feeling part of a community with the same passion for sport and lifestyle. Behaving in a sustainable way.

(IWMKRMRK FMOIW IEW] XS HMWQERXPI ERH VI EWWIQFPI ERH E proper set of standard spare parts. 'VIEXMRK STIR [SVOWLSTW [LIVI TISTPI GER YRHIVXEOI repairs supervised by experts.

Authors 4SPMXIGRMGS HM 1MPERS -XEP] (MHIQ )VGM]IW 'EVPS *VMWEVHM

Giuseppe lives in San Donato and takes the subway to his office in the centre of Milan. Before the existence of +BC he used to drive from home to the metro station by car and always had problems parking near the metro station. When +BC was created, he decided to take part in the service: he picked up his old bicycle from the garage and took it to +BC to be repaired. Now he uses his bicycle instead of using his car, simply leaving the bike in the +BC station.

78 (commuting)

Children get to school by themselves, enjoyably and safely.

Italy, Milan

Andiamo a scuola da soli – Walking bus &] 7GLSSP SJ ZME &SXXIKS 1MPER [[[ M[EPOXSWGLSSP SVK

Solution

The benefits

8LI [EPOMRK FYW IRGSYVEKIW GLMPHVIR XS [EPO XS ERH JVSQ WGLSSP MR XLI WEJIX] SJ E KVSYT YRHIV XLI WYTIVZMWMSR SJ SRI SV QSVI EHYPXW 7EJI VSYXIW EVI GVIEXIH ERH FIGSQI E JYR TEVX SJ GLMPHVIR«W HEMP] VSYXMRI 8LI] QIIX XLIMV JVMIRHW XEPO ERH TPE] ERH WLEVI I\TIVMIRGIW SYXWMHI XLI WGLSSP +VEHYEPP] XLMW FYMPHW YT XLI GLMPHVIR«W EYXSRSQ] ERH TIVWSREPMXMIW -X MW EPWS KSSH I\IVGMWI ERH JVIIW YT XMQI JSV XLI TEVIRXW [LS [SYPH SXLIV[MWI LEZI XS XEOI XLI GLMPHVIR XS WGLSSP ;LEX«W QSVI MX MQTVSZIW GLMPHVIR«W VSEH WEJIX] E[EVIRIWW MQTVSZIW TIHIWXVMER WEJIX] ERH GVIEXIW JVMIRHPMIV RIMKLFSYVLSSHW EW TISTPI KIX SYX ERH MRXIVEGX [MXL SRI ERSXLIV *MREPP] MX VIHYGIW XVEJ´G TSPPYXMSR and accidents involving child pedestrians.

Society. ;EPOMRK XS WGLSSP QIERW XLEX TISTPI HSR«X YWI XLIMV GEVW XLMW VIHYGIW XVEJ´G EGGMHIRXW ERH TSPPYXMSR ERH IEWIW GSRKIWXMSR SR TYFPMG XVERWTSVX 3R E WSGMEP PIZIP XLI W]WXIQ VIGVIEXIW XLI sense of neighbourhood that existed a long time ago but has been lost in big cities. Developing XLMW W]WXIQ GSYPH WII WGLSSPW EW TVSQSXIVW SJ RI[ [E]W SJ PMZMRK MRZSPZMRK XLI [LSPI GSQQYRMX] and increasing its responsibility towards children. Environment. 8LMW W]WXIQ VIHYGIW XVEJ´G NEQW EMV ERH RSMWI TSPPYXMSR RIEV WGLSSPW ERH QEOIW XLI WXVIIXW QSVI TPIEWERX XS PMZI MR -X EPWS VIHYGIW JYIP GSRWYQTXMSR XLYW MQTVSZMRK XLI IRZMVSRQIRX Economy. 8LMW WSPYXMSR FSXL KMZIW TEVIRXW XMQI XS HS SXLIV EGXMZMXMIW ERH WEZIW QSRI] SR JYIP

Context ;EPOMRK FYW MW ER MRMXMEXMZI F] WSQI XIEGLIVW EX ER IPIQIRXEV] WGLSSP MR 1MPER XS MQTVSZI XLI LIEPXL ERH XLI [IPP FIMRK SJ GLMPHVIR -R 1MPER E PEVKI TEVX SJ HEMP] XVEJ´G GSRKIWXMSR MW GEYWIH F] XEOMRK GLMPHVIR XS ERH JVSQ WGLSSP F] GEV ,S[IZIV MX«W HMJ´GYPX JSV GLMPHVIR XS [EPO SR XLIMV S[R FIGEYWI SJ YRWEJI VSEHW ERH TEZIQIRXW SJXIR FIMRK FPSGOIH F] TEVOIH GEVW 8LI [EPOMRK FYW protects and organises the groups of children.

Current situation 8LI TMPSX TVSNIGX FIKER MR ERH ´RMWLIH MR %YKYWX 2S[ XLI TVSKVEQQI GSRXMRYIW [MXL ZSPYRXIIVW JVSQ KVERHTEVIRXW JVMIRHW ERH XIEGLIVW 8LI W]WXIQ MW FEWIH SR ER MHIE ´VWX TVSTSWIH MR XLI 97% ERH 9/ [LMGL LEH XLI WEQI SV SXLIV OMRHW SJ TVSFPIQW MR MQTPIQIRXEXMSR little support from the public administration and bad infrastructure. In Milan the solution has been IRVMGLIH [MXL QER] EGXMZMXMIW MRWMHI ERH SYXWMHI XLI WGLSSP WYGL EW GYPXYVEP ERH EVX JIWXMZEPW FSEVH KEQIW ERH EVX [SVO [LMGL LEZI MRGVIEWIH XLI RIMKLFSYVLSSH«W VIWTIGX JSV GLMPHVIR ERH XLI IRZMVSRQIRX 2S[EHE]W XLIVI EVI ZIV] JI[ GSWXW

The experience

Design challenges

The children have the fun of going to school together on a daily urban adventure. Elderly people who help have the satisfaction of feeling useful in society.

To create communication tools and infrastructures to help children become MRHITIRHIRX ERH WOMPPIH

Authors 4SPMXIGRMGS HM 1MPERS -XEP] )QMPME (SYOE 0YGE 4IPYWS

Children are the main users of this scheme, and like it because it gives them the chance to socialise with each other outside school. They would like to adopt the solution permanently, getting more and more autonomy over the five years of school.

Its success is due to the interest from the school’s director and teachers and to the curiosity of children about doing new activities with new people. But there are problems: parents are still scared to let children walk to school alone and public administration doesn’t support this project.

8:00am

8:08am

8:15am

8:23am

the first children arrive and slowly the group increases

the ‘red’ group moves

the group arrives at school

the meeting point in square Constantino

80 (commuting)

People interested in ecological transport get cheap bicycles.

Finland, Turku

Bicycle Flea Market &] 9YWM 8YYPM V] http://www.estelle.fi/uusituuli.php

Solution

The benefits

8LI &MG]GPI *PIE 1EVOIX VITEMVW ERH VIWIPPW HSREXIH FMG]GPIW *YRHIH F] 9YWM 8YYPM V] MX MW VYR F] ZSPYRXIIVW QSWXP] YRIQTPS]IH [LS EVI [MPPMRK XS [SVO JSV XLI GSQQSR KSSH ERH [ERX XS QEMRXEMR XLIMV VITEMV WOMPPW 8LI ÂµIE QEVOIX FIKER F] WIPPMRK IZIV]XLMRK FYX [EW RSX TVSÂ´XEFPI 4ITI SRI SJ XLI ZSPYRXIIVW GEQI YT [MXL XLI MHIE SJ E FMG]GPI ÂµIE QEVOIX [LMGL XEOIW HSREXIH FMG]GPIW JVSQ EPP SZIV 8YVOY ERH WXSVIW XLIQ MR E FEWIQIRX FIJSVI XLI] EVI IMXLIV VITEMVIH SV HMWQERXPIH JSV WTEVI TEVXW :SPYRXIIVW [SVO X[S XS JSYV LSYVW IZIV] [IIOHE] 7SQIXMQIW XLI] EVI NSMRIH F] TISTPI WIRX F] XLI 9RIQTPS]QIRX 3JÂ´GI [LS EVI XEYKLX LS[ XS YWI XSSPW ERH VITEMV FMOIW ERH PIEZI XLVII QSRXLW PEXIV [MXL E RI[ WOMPP 6ITEMVIH FMOIW EVI HMWTPE]IH RI\X XS XLI entrance. New owners are given a one-month warranty.

Society. -X LIPTW XS HIZIPST SV QEMRXEMR QERYEP WOMPPW ERH IREFPI [SVOIVW XS JIIP E ZEPYEFPI TEVX SJ WSGMIX] 8LSWI [LS GLSSWI XS [SVO LIVI EVI [MPPMRK XS PIEVR ERH XIEGL SXLIVW 8LI] EPWS HSRÂ«X pay any tax. Environment. 9YWM 8YYPMÂ«W TLMPSWSTL] MW XS QEOI XLI [SVPH FIXXIV MR WMQTPI [E]W WYGL EW FMG]GPI VMHMRK OMXI Âµ]MRK SV WEMPMRK -X TVSQSXIW IGSPSKMGEP XVERWTSVX VIHYGIW [EWXI ERH XYVRW EFERHSRIH FMOIW MRXS ZEPYEFPI TVSHYGXW Economy. 'YWXSQIVW FIRIÂ´X JVSQ E GLIET FMOI [MXL E [EVVERX] -X LIPTW 8YVOY WXYHIRXW WEZI QSRI] SR TYFPMG XVERWTSVX ERH GSQQYXI MR ER IGSPSKMGEP [E]

Context 8YVOY TSTYPEXMSR MW XLI GYPXYVEP GIRXVI SJ *MRPERH 8LI QER] WXYHIRXW [LS PMZI MR XLI GMX] SRP] HYVMRK EGEHIQMG XIVQ XMQI [ERX ER IGSPSKMGEP ERH GLIET QIXLSH SJ XVERWTSVX 1IER[LMPI XLIVI EVI PSXW SJ YRIQTPS]IH TISTPI QER] SJ XLIQ MQQMKVERXW [LS RIIH [SVO :SPYRXEV] [SVO MW WSQIXMQIW XLI SRP] [E] XS QEMRXEMR XLIMV WOMPPW SV OIIT XLIQ MR XSYGL [MXL WSGMIX] %X XLI QSQIRX XLIVI MW SRP] SRI &MG]GPI *PIE 1EVOIX 8LI WGLIQI WSPZIW X[S TVSFPIQW MX VIZMZIW FMOIW XLEX TISTPI SXLIV[MWI HMWGEVH FIPMIZMRK MX GLIETIV XS FY] E RI[ SRI XLER VITEMV XLI SPH SRI ERH LIPTW GPIEV XLI WTEVI FMOIW PIJX MR GSQQYREP TEVXW SJ ETEVXQIRX FPSGOW [LIR XLIMV S[RIVW move out.

Current situation

The experience

8LI WGLIQI LEW FIIR [SVOMRK [IPP WMRGI -R *MRPERH [LIVI FMG]GPMRK MW TSTYPEV ERH FMG]GPI TVMGIW LMKL VIG]GPMRK FMG]GPIW MW RSX RI[ RS[ ERH LETTIRW MR QSWX GMXMIW ,S[IZIV YWMRK ZSPYRXEV] [SVO MW YRMUYI XS 8YVOY 8LI QEMR EMQ SJ &MG]GPI *PIE 1EVOIX MW XS QEOI IRSYKL TVSÂ´X XS QEMRXEMR XLI JEMV XVEHI TVSQSXMSREP WLMT )WXIPPI 8LI ÂµIE QEVOIX SRP] QEOIW XS IYVSW TIV ]IEV XSS PMXXPI XS TE] IZIR SRI TIVWSR %FSYX SJ XLI TVSÂ´X KSIW XS QEMRXEMR )WXIPPI [MXL XLI VIWX YWIH JSV FY]MRK WTEVI TEVXW ERH TE]MRK FMPPW

Feeling part of a community with respect (IWMKRMRK FMOIW IEW] XS HMWQERXPI ERH VI EWWIQFPI for the nature and the environment. and a proper set of standard spare parts. Behaving in a sustainable way. 'VIEXMRK STIR [SVOWLSTW [LIVI TISTPI GER YRHIVXEOI VITEMVW WYTIVZMWIH F] I\TIVXW Better integrating mobility system with public and private transportation systems.

Authors 9RMZIVWMX] SJ %VX ERH (IWMKR ,IPWMROM *MRPERH 6]W^EVH 4SRMIH^MEPIO

Design challenges

Anyone can come and donate a bicycle. It will be stored in the basement... ...repaired or dismantled into spare parts...completed and resold to someone in need. Another sold bicycle will be added to a long list.

How the use of bikes in large towns is encouraged.

82 (commuting)

France, Paris

Cyclo-Pouce By Cyclo-Pouce

Solution

The benefits

']GPS 4SYGI HIPMZIVW TVSHYGXW F] FMOI XS HMWEFPIH TISTPI IPHIVP] TISTPI ERH PSGEP GSQTERMIW -X SJJIVW FMOI VIG]GPMRK VITEMV ERH VIRXEP XS MRHMZMHYEPW ERH PSGEP EWWSGMEXMSRW ERH KMZIW GSYVWIW MR QIGLERMGW ERH XVEJ´G GSHIW -XW QEMR TYVTSWI MW XS MQTVSZI XLI [IPPFIMRK SJ TISTPI MR XLI GMX] ª0E ZMI IWX TPYW FIPPI IR ZqPS« -R GSPPEFSVEXMSR [MXL .IX ,ERHMGET )ZEWMSR MX HIZIPSTIH E RI[ FMG]GPI for transporting disabled people.

Society. '4 LEW HIZIPSTIH WIZIVEP EGXMZMXMIW [MXL WGLSSPW ERH WSGMEP EWWSGMEXMSRW IHYGEXMRK ERH TVSQSXMRK XLI FMOI EW E GSQTPIQIRXEV] QIXLSH SJ YVFER XVERWTSVXEXMSR -X IQTPS]W TISTPI [MXL HMJ´GYPX FEGOKVSYRHW GVIEXMRK RI[ NSFW

Context 8SHE] '4 MW 4EVMW FEWIH SR [LEX 4EVMWMERW GEPP XLI ª4IXMXI 'IMRXYVI« ER YRYWIH VEMP[E] XVEGO VYRRMRK EVSYRH XLI SYXIV IHKI SJ XLI GMX] [LMGL [EW KMZIR XS XLI EWWSGMEXMSR MR MR ER EKVIIQIRX [MXL 4EVMW 'MX] ,EPP XL 72'* *VIRGL VEMP[E] GSQTER] ERH '4'9 *VIRGL YVFER LIEXMRK %X XLI XMQI XLIVI [EW RS IPIGXVMGMX] SV [EXIV EZEMPEFPI '4 TVSQSXIW FMOIW MR 4EVMW WIIMRK XLIQ EW E [E] SJ MRXIKVEXMRK TISTPI MR XLI YVFER JEFVMG -X IQTPS]W TISTPI [LS EVI ªYRIQTPS]EFPI« [LS LEZI HMJ´GYPX FEGOKVSYRHW WYGL EW HVYK EHHMGXW

Environment. '4 LEW SFZMSYWP] E WXVSRK GSRRIGXMSR [MXL XLI IRZMVSRQIRX TVSTSWMRK ERH JEGMPMXEXMRK a non-polluting method of city transportation. It recycles old or unused bicycles by repairing them ERH QEOMRK XLIQ EZEMPEFPI XS IZIV]SRI IWTIGMEPP] WGLSSPW -X EPWS TVSQSXIW FMG]GPI YWI XS XLI young. Economy. 8LI QSRI] IEVRIH F] XLI '4 MW YWIH XS FY] RI[ QEXIVMEPW ERH FMG]GPIW ERH XS TE] JSV VIRX [EXIV ERH IPIGXVMGMX] 8LI QSWX TVS´XEFPI EGXMZMX] MW FMOI VIRXEP XLIR FMOI VITEMV ERH XLIR TVSHYGX WIPPMRK 8LIWI TVS´XW EPPS[ '4 XS SJJIV WIVZMGIW XS XLI HMWEFPIH [LMGL MW I\TIRWMZI QEMRP] FIGEYWI XLI TVSHYGXW SJJIVIH EVI TVSXSX]TIW HIZIPSTIH MR XLI '4 [SVOWLSTW

Current situation '4 [EW HIZIPSTIH ]IEVW EKS F] ZIV] HMJJIVIRX TISTPI [LS WLEVIH E TEWWMSR JSV FMOIW 8LI aim was to create an association using bicycles to improve the lives of people with social/physical HMJ´GYPXMIW '4 XSSO JSYV ]IEVW XS HIZIPST WXYH]MRK I\MWXMRK RIIHW ERH TVSNIGXW IGSRSQMG PIKEP requirements and bureaucratic problems. CP finally started in 2000. -R XLI JYXYVI '4 [SYPH PMOI XS IWXEFPMWL MXWIPJ MR SXLIV *VIRGL VIKMSRW 8LI 4EVMW WMXI MW RMGI EX [IIOIRHW FYX GER FIGSQI UYMXI EFERHSRIH MR XLI [IIO SV SR VEMR] HE]W [IEXLIV MW E FMK JEGXSV MR XLMW EGXMZMX] '4 I\TIGXW XS GVIEXI WXVSRKIV PMROW [MXL HMWEFPIH EWWSGMEXMSRW PMOI %4*

%WWSGMEXMSR HIW 4EVEP]WqW HI *VERGI [LMGL [SYPH I\XIRH GPMIRX E[EVIRIWW SJ WTIGMEP WIVZMGIW SJJIVIH 1IER[LMPI '4 LEW TEVXMGMTEXIH MR IZIRXW PMOI ª'LEQTMSRREXW HY QSRHI H«EXLLPqXMWQI« ª(IWGIRXI HIW 'LEQTW fP]WqIW« ª(q´ HI P«I\TPSMX« ERH MR TVSJIWWMSREP IRGSYRXIVW 8LI RYQFIV SJ '4 YWIVW MW KV S[MRK XLEROW XS XLI ZEVMIX] SJ WIVZMGIW TVIWIRXIH E TVSJIWWMSREP EXXMXYHI ERH ER STIR QMRHIH WTMVMX '4 MW EPVIEH] [IPP SVKERMWIH [MXL IQTPS]IIW [SVOMRK WGLIHYPIW XMQIXEFPIW and a growing number of clients. But it wants to grow further and increase its range of services to XLI LERHMGETTIH 8LMW [MPP RIIH FMKKIV ´RERGMEP MRZIWXQIRX [MHIV TVSQSXMSR ERH HMWWIQMREXMSR XS SXLIV 4EVMWMER EVIEW *SYV TISTPI [SVO JYPP XMQI [MXL ´ZI ZSPYRXIIVW 8LI [SVOIVW GSQI JVSQ ª2SYZIEY\ IQTPSM RSYZIEY\ WIVZMGI« WYTTSVXMRK ªYRIQTPS]EFPI« YRHIV W

The experience

Design challenges

Feeling part of a community of people with the same passion for sport and way of life. Behaving sustainably.

Designing bicycle-based vehicles for those with disabilities. (IWMKRMRK QYPXM YWI EGGIWWSVMIW XS QEOI FMOMRK IEWMIV 'VIEXMRK STIR [SVOWLSTW [LIVI TISTPI GER YRHIVXEOI repairs while supervised by experts.

Authors )27'- 0IW %XIPMIVW 4EVMW *VERGI Ana Maia

‘What we need is to go out and enjoy Paris and have fun by taking advantage of the nearby Cyclo-Pouce. There is one of the most famous cycling tracks in Paris, 20km of beautiful sightseeing on the Seine’

84 (commuting)

City residents have the use of a car whenever they need it, but without owning one.

Italy, Milan

MCS â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Milano Car Sharing &] 0IKEQFMIRXI 1'7 www.milanocarsharing.it

Solution

The benefits

MCS is a self-service car rental system which enables residents to use a car without the expense ERH LEWWPIW SJ S[RMRK SRI ERH WEZMRK QSRI] -X MW ER EPXIVREXMZI WSPYXMSR XS XLI TVSFPIQ SJ YVFER GSQQYXMRK FEWIH SR IEW] EGGIWW XS E GEV [LIRIZIV MX MW RIIHIH 8LI GSRGITX GSYPH FI ER MRXIPPMKIRX WSPYXMSR JSV WYGL GMXMIW EW 1MPER [MXL PSXW SJ TVSFPIQW GEYWIH F] XVEJÂ´G 8LI Â´VWX SFNIGXMZI SJ GEV WLEVMRK MW XS XIEGL TISTPI XLEX XLI GEV MW RSX E WXEXYW W]QFSP ERH XLEX MX GER FI YWIH SRP] [LIR ]SY VIEPP] RIIH MX 3RGI YWIVW LEZI WYFWGVMFIH XLI] KIX ER 1'7 GEVH [MXL E TIVWSREP GSHI SR MX XLEX EPPS[W XLIQ XS QEOI VIWIVZEXMSRW ZME XLI GEPP GIRXVI SV XLI [IFWMXI 8LI] GER GLSSWI XLI GEV ERH XLI KEVEKI XS GSPPIGX ERH HIPMZIV XLI GEV 8LI KEVEKI VIGSVHW XLI OMPSQIXIVW HVMZIR F] IEGL GPMIRX ERH GLEVKIW XLIQ EX XLI IRH SJ XLI QSRXL

Society. 7SGMIX] KEMRW ER MRRSZEXMZI IGSRSQMG ERH IGSPSKMGEP W]WXIQ EW ER EPXIVREXMZI XS XLI XVEJÂ´G TVSFPIQW GEYWIH F] TVMZEXI GEVI S[RIVWLMT 3R ER MRHMZMHYEP FEWMW YWIVW WEZI QSRI] XMQI ERH WXVIWW ERH KEMR E[EVIRIWW EFSYX XLI GSWXW QSRI] IRZMVSRQIRX YWI SJ TYFPMG WTEGI SJ YWMRK cars. Ideologically Car Sharing might remove some of the status aspect of private cars.

Context

Economy. *SV TISTPI HVMZMRK JI[IV XLER OMPSQIXVIW MR E ]IEV YWMRK XLI 1'7 W]WXIQ [SVOW SYX EW IYVSW GLIETIV TIV ]IEV XLER S[RMRK E GEV

Environment. 8LI GEVW GLSWIR JSV XLI 1'7 W]WXIQ EVI PS[ IQMWWMSR ERH JYIP IJÂ´GMIRX WS EVI PIWW PMOIP] XS TSPPYXI XLI IRZMVSRQIRX 8LI] EVI EPWS GSQTEGX XS XEOI YT PIWW TEVOMRK WTEGI ERH EZSMH SFWXVYGXMRK VSEHW ERH WMHI[EPOW 1'7 TEVOMRK EVIEW EVI WXVEXIKMGEPP] PSGEXIH RIEV TYFPMG XVERWTSVX LYFW XS IRGSYVEKI GSQQYXIVW XS YWI XLI I\MWXMRK TYFPMG XVERWTSVX MRJVEWXVYGXYVI ERH XLYW VIHYGI pollution.

0MOI QER] SXLIV FMK GMXMIW 1MPER LEW XLI TVSFPIQW SJ XVEJÂ´G NEQW TSPPYXMSR ERH PEGO SJ TEVOMRK IWTIGMEPP] HYVMRK VYWL LSYVW QEMRP] GEYWIH F] TVMZEXI GEVW 1SWXP] TISTPI TVIJIV XS S[R E GEV VEXLIV XLER YWI TYFPMG XVERWTSVXEXMSR SV EPXIVREXMZI XVERWTSVX -R SXLIV QENSV GMXMIW MR )YVSTI alternative transport solutions such as car sharing have been available for many years and in WSQI GMXMIW WYGL EW &IVPMR EVI ZIV] TSTYPEV 2S[EHE]W XLI GSWXW SJ S[RMRK E GEV EVI ZIV] LMKL -X [SYPH SJXIR FI GLIETIV XS TE] JSV XLI GEV SRP] [LIR ]SY YWI MX ERH JSV XLI XMQI ]SY YWI MX %PWS MX GER FI XMQI GSRWYQMRK XS Â´RH TEVOMRK ERH QEMRXEMR XLI GEV 8LI GEV WLEVMRK GSRGITX HIEPW [MXL these issues.

Current situation Legambiente introduced the car-sharing service to Milan in September 2001. It started with three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Â«W QMRH WIX EFSYX TVMZEXI GSQQYXMRK %RRYEP QIQFIVWLMT GSWXW FIX[IIR ERH IYVSW XLI LSYVP] VEXI MW IYVSW JVSQ XS MX MW JVII FIX[IIR ERH ERH XLI GSWX TIV OQ MW IYVSW TIV OQ MRGPYHMRK the fuel.

The experience

Design challenges

&IMRK TEVX SJ ER IPMXI SJ XVIRH WIXXIVW trying to improve city life. Having a range of cars to sample. Behaving in a sustainable way.

Developing technical services to support community sharing. Designing cars suitable for easy and frequent personalisation. Developing low-emission cars.

Authors 4SPMXIGRMGS HM 1MPERS -XEP] 1EVMS %PSM 1MRI +SOGI 3^OE]REO

86 (commuting)

Paths and services for urban cyclists are enhanced.

Germany, Cologne Mühlheim

MFG Mülheimer Fahrrad Gruppe – MFG Cycle Association By Mülheimer Fahrrad Gruppe web site: http:// http://www.muelheimer-freiheit.net/mfg

Solution

The benefits

The goal of MFG (Mülheimer Fahrrad Gruppe) is to increase bicycle traffic in the Mühlheim district SJ 'SPSKRI [LIVI TISTPI PMZI &IPMIZMRK XLEX XLI FMG]GPI MW XLI MHIEP YVFER ZILMGPI JSV WLSVX HMWXERGIW XLI EWWSGMEXMSR [ERXW QSVI EGGITXERGI JVSQ FSXL XLI GMX] EHQMRMWXVEXMSR ERH GEV HVMZIVW ERH MQTVSZIH WEJIX] ERH GSQJSVX JSV G]GPMWXW 1*+ GSPPIGXW VITSVXW SJ FVSOIR FMOI TEXLW EFERHSRIH FMOIW IXG WIRHW ER IQEMP XS GMX] SJ´GMEPW ERH TSWXW XLI TVSFPIQ SR ER SRPMRI JSVYQ -X KIXW SRI SV X[S TLSRIGEPPW E [IIO 8LI 'MX] SJ 'SPSKRI MW VIWTSRWMFPI JSV XEOMRK E[E] SPH FMOIW ERH WIVZMGMRK XLI TEXLW FYX MW SJXIR WPS[ MR EGXMRK IWTIGMEPP] MR XLI SYXWOMVXW PMOI 1 LPLIMQ 1*+ FSXL [SVOW [MXL XLI FMG]GPI GSQQMWWMSRIV SJ GMX] LEPP ERH WSVXW SYX WQEPP TVSFPIQW MXWIPJ 8LI VSYKLP] QIQFIVW SJ 1*+ QIIX SRGI E QSRXL XS HMWGYWW EHQMRMWXVEXMSR ERH XEWOW 8LI] WTIRH most of their time inspecting bicycle ways.

Society. &] MRZSPZMRK PSGEP TISTPI MR XEOMRK GEVI SJ XLI FMOI TEXLW ERH MRJVEWXVYGXYVIW XLI WGLIQI IRKEKIW TISTPI [MXL XLIMV HMWXVMGX GVIEXIW E WIRWI SJ GSQQYRMX] ERH TVSQSXIW FMG]GPI YWI Environment. 8LI 1*+ IRGSYVEKIW XLI YWI SJ XLI FMOIW JSV GSQQYXMRK QEOMRK G]GPMRK MR XS[R WEJIV ERH QSVI TPIEWYVEFPI -R EHHMXMSR XEOMRK GEVI SJ XLI TEXLW OIITW XLI YVFER IRZMVSRQIRX RMGI ERH GPIER ;MXL MXW [SVO 1*+ WLS[W LS[ GMZMP EGXMSR GER TVIZIRX ZERHEPMWQ Economy. 8LI WGLIQI MW WIPJ JYRHMRK FEWIH SR WTSRWSVWLMT ERH EHZIVXMWMRK SR XLI [IFWMXI 8LVSYKL XLIMV [SVO QIQFIVW SJ 1*+ TVSZMHI KVIEX WYTTSVX XS XLI PSGEP QYRMGMTEPMX] MR QEREKMRK XLI TYFPMG WTEGI WEZMRK TYFPMG QSRI]

Context 'SPSKRI MW GVS[HIH [MXL GEVW ERH TYFPMG XVERWTSVX VIWYPXMRK MR TSPPYXMSR HERKIV JSV GLMPHVIR ERH GSRKIWXMSR 3RI ERW[IV XS XLMW TVSFPIQ MW FMG]GPIW %PXLSYKL XLIVI EVI FMG]GPIW SR XLI WXVIIXW SJ 'SPSKRI G]GPMWXW HS RSX KIX QYGL EXXIRXMSR EW XLI] EVI TSPMXMGEPP] YRMQTSVXERX

Current situation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«W [IFWMXI

The experience

Design challenges

4PIEWYVI MR XEOMRK GEVI SJ XLI GSQQSR environment and feeling responsible for it. Pride in improving the neighbourhood.

Creating places where residents can discuss the problems of the community.

Authors 7GLSSP SJ (IWMKR 9RMZIVWMX] SJ %TTPMIH 7GMIRGIW 'SPSKRI +IVQER]

Cologne is really a ‘bike city’...

Ben, as it often happens, uses his bike to go to his university. One day he sees a dangerous hole in the bike lane. So, he calls the MFG to tell it about this problem. Someone at MFG takes care of it, calling the mayor’s bureau, to convince them to repair the street. Sometimes it works, and the works begin...

88 (commuting)

People exchange used sporting goods.

Italy, Milan

Minimo Impatto – Minimum Impact &] %PIWWERHVS +EPPM 1MRMQS -QTEXXS www.minimoimpatto.it

Solution

The benefits

Minimo Impatto is a service for private sellers and buyers of used sporting goods. It provides an I\LMFMXMSR WTEGI E WLST [LIVI MXIQW EVI LIPH SR GSRWMKRQIRX JSV E KMZIR TIVMSH ERH WYTTSVXW trading management. Bicycles are the most traded items. The aims are to encourage the use of FMG]GPIW ERH XS UYSXI XLI WIVZMGI SVKERMWIV ªXS PIEVR XLI VIEP ZEPYI SJ QSRI] GSQTEVIH XS XLI MQTSVXERGI SJ SRI«W S[R GSRXIQTPEXMZI XMQI« 8LI W]WXIQ [SVOW PMOI XLMW WIPPIVW [LS LEZI XS FI VIKMWXIVIH XS TVIZIRX XLI WEPI SJ WXSPIR KSSHW FVMRK [LEX XLI] [ERX XS WIPP EKVII E WIPPMRK TVMGI [MXL XLI WLST ERH E TIVGIRXEKI GSQQMWWMSR XS XLI WLST WMKR E ]IEV PSRK GSRXVEGX ERH VIGIMZI XLI QSRI] QMRYW XLI EKVIIH TIVGIRXEKI SRGI XLI MXIQ MW WSPH -X«W E RI[ [E] SJ WIPPMRK YWIH KSSHW and also acts as a repair shop.

Society. %W SJ XLI FY]IVW EVI SR PS[ MRGSQIW XLI WIVZMGI QIERW XLI] GER IRNS] WTSVXW ERH EGXMZMXMIW [MXLSYX PEVKI I\TIRHMXYVI ERH GER WIPP XLI MXIQW [LIR XLI] HS RSX RIIH XLIQ ER] QSVI *SV XLSWI GSRGIVRIH [MXL VIG]GPMRK XLMW OMRH SJ WIVZMGI IRGSYVEKIW XLI SVKERMWEXMSR SJ KVSYTW sharing the same ideas and spreads a deeper consciousness about the quality of life. Environment. 8LI QENSV FIRI´X XS XLI IRZMVSRQIRX MW XLI I\XIRHMRK SJ E TVSHYGX«W PMJIWTER ERH GSRWIUYIRX YWI SJ JI[IV REXYVEP VIWSYVGIW -X EPWS MRGVIEWIW FMG]GPI YWI VIHYGMRK TSPPYXMSR Economy. 8LI WIVZMGI TVSQSXIW XLI EFMPMX] XS WTIRH PIWW FYX I\TIVMIRGI QSVI ;I LEZI QSVI money and technology but less time. If people want to spend time and money experiencing REXYVI WTSVXW ERH XVEZIP XLI] HSR«X RIIH XS WTIRH QYGL QSRI]

Context The idea behind the trading of these second-hand goods is about how to extend the lifespan of TVSHYGXW EPPS[MRK TISTPI XS IRNS] WTSVX [MXLSYX WTIRHMRK E PSX SJ QSRI] ERH HIGVIEWMRK [EWXI 1MRMQS -QTEXXS MW PSGEXIH MR XLI RSVXL SJ 1MPER E UYMXI VYR HS[R EVIE RSX [IPP WIVZIH F] TYFPMG transport. The idea came to founder Alessandro Galli while cycling in Australia few years ago. &IJSVI XLMW XVMT LI LEH [SVOIH EW E QEREKIV MR E QYPXMREXMSREP ´VQ FYX JSYRH XLMW HMHR«X KMZI LMQ XLI XMQI LI [ERXIH JSV XLMROMRK XVEZIPPMRK SV G]GPMRK ,I HIGMHIH XS GLERKI LMW PMJI ERH HS WSQIXLMRK XS MQTVSZI LMW UYEPMX] SJ PMJI 8LMW TVSNIGX GSQFMRIW LMW PSZI SJ FMG]GPIW ERH XLI MHIE SJ VIG]GPMRK ERH QEOIW LMQ IRSYKL QSRI] XS KS XVEZIPPMRK &Y]MRK WSQIXLMRK WIGSRH LERH FYX TIVJIGXP] KSSH QIERW ]SY LEZI XS [SVO PIWW ERH LEZI QSVI XMQI XS IRNS] QSVI XMQI SJJ EX XLI same time as reducing waste and improving the areas where cyclists go.

The experience Current situation Minimo Impatto started in September 2003. The idea was to replicate the Northern European WIGSRH LERH QSHIP WTIGMEPMWMRK MR WTSVXW KSSHW &IJSVI XLI WLST GSYPH STIR WM\ QSRXLW SJ WXYH]MRK PE[W ERH FYVIEYGVEG] [IVI RIIHIH EW XLMW W]WXIQ LEH RIZIV FIIR YWIH FIJSVI MR -XEP] 7IPPMRK MW WIEWSREP MR WYQQIV FMOIW ERH VSPPIVFPEHIW MR [MRXIV WOMW ERH WRS[FSEVHMRK MXIQW There is no charge to use Minimo Impatto: the selling price is divided between the previous owner of the goods and the provider of the service.

Design challenges

Feeling part of a community which (IWMKRMRK FMOIW XLEX EVI IEW] XS HMWQERXPI ERH VI respects nature and the environment. EWWIQFPI ERH E TVSTIV WIX SJ WXERHEVH WTEVI TEVXW Behaving in a sustainable way. 'VIEXMRK STIR [SVOWLSTW [LIVI TISTPI GER YRHIVXEOI repairs supervised by experts. Better integrating mobility systems with public and private transportation systems.

Authors 4SPMXIGRMGS HM 1MPERS -XEP] 1EVXE +MERMKLMER 2IPWSR -WWE (EZMHI 2EZE

After years of work in the commercial and managerial area, Alessandro Galli decided to leave his usual world a few years ago and go on a coastto-coast biking trip in Australia. While he was riding bicycle he decided to join together all the ideas he likes. He loves sport, especially biking; he likes the Northern European way of re-using things in order to have more money to spend on travelling and other ways of experiencing the world around and oneself; he is sensitive to environmental problems like waste and pollution, and to social problems such as the lack of contemplative time. He thinks that every 10 years it is necessary to stop and deeply think about what we are doing, and how we are spending our life. And to change something if the answers are not acceptable...

90 (commuting)

Giving cyclists easier access to bicycle repairs.

The Netherlands, Brunssum

Mobiele Fietsenmaker – Mobile Bicycle Repairman By Giovanni Putzu mobile bicycle repairman [[[ QSFMIPI´IXWIRQEOIV RP

Solution

The benefits

8LI RSZIPX] MR XLMW WIVZMGI MW XLEX E FMG]GPI VITEMV QER ZMWMXW GPMIRXW EX LSQI ERH ´\IW XLIMV FMOI MRWXERXP] [LMGL MW QYGL IEWMIV XLER KIXXMRK XS E VITEMV WLST [MXL E FVSOIR FMOI +MSZERRM ¦ XLI JSYRHIV ERH VITEMVQER ¦ LEW OMXXIH SYX E FYW XS FIGSQI E QSFMPI [SVOWLST JSV EFSYX IYVSW

Society. 4VSZMHMRK ER IEW] [E] JSV TISTPI XS LEZI XLIMV FMOIW ´\IH WXMQYPEXIW TISTPI XS YWI XLIMV FMOIW QSVI

Context

Environment. 6IRSZEXMRK XLI FMOIW TVSPSRKW XLI PMJI G]GPI SJ XLI TVSHYGX Economy. 9WIVW KIX XLIMV FMOIW VITEMVIH GSRZIRMIRXP] JSV E KSSH TVMGI 8LI TSTYPEVMX] SJ XLI WIVZMGI means the provider fulfills a clear need.

8LIVI YWIH XS FI EX PIEWX SRI FMOI VITEMVQER MR RIEVP] IZIV] (YXGL RIMKLFSYVLSSH FYX EW FMG]GPIW LEZI KSX QSVI VIPMEFPI XLIMV [SVOPSEH VIHYGIH ERH XLI] GPSWIH HS[R 2S[EHE]W XLIVI EVI QYGL JI[IV WYGL LERH]QIR ERH XLI QEVOIX LEW FIIR XEOIR SZIV F] PEVKIV GSQTERMIW -X XLIVIJSVI XEOIW PSRKIV XS KIX E FMOI VITEMVIH ERH MX GER SJ GSYVWI FI HMJ´GYPX EGXYEPP] KIXXMRK XS XLI VITEMV GSQTER]

Current situation 8LI TVSNIGX LEW FIIR KSMRK JSV XLVII ]IEVW ERH LEW EXXVEGXIH E PSX SJ MRXIVIWX %X XLI QSQIRX +MSZERRM MW XLI SRP] TVSZMHIV SJ XLI 1SFMPI &MG]GPI 6ITEMVQER WIVZMGI FYX LI MW VIEH] XS VIGVYMX SXLIV VITEMVQIR ERH KMZI XLIQ FYWWIW XS [SVO MR SXLIV HMWXVMGXW %X XLI WEQI XMQI E JVERGLMWMRK GSQTER] ª*MIXWRIX« MW TVITEVMRK E JYPP WGEPI REXMSREP TVSNIGX XS TVSZMHI XLMW WIVZMGI [MXL EFSYX vans) all over the country.

The experience

Design challenges

1IIXMRK ERH XEPOMRK XS +MSZERRM The luxury of a home service.

(IWMKRMRK FMOIW XLEX EVI IEW] XS HMWQERXPI ERH VI assemble and a standard set of spare parts. Designing suitably light and green mobile repair vans. Designing software and equipment to optimise the logistics of the service.

Authors 89 )MRHLSZIR 8LI 2IXLIVPERHW 8IYR ,IIWXIVFIIO 6MGO ,}PWKIRW 1EVMIOI 1SIVQER

Henrik is about to leave on his bike when he realises has a flat tyre. Remembering an advertisement for the mobile bike repairman he calls Giovanni, who comes over to Henrikâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s home. After discussing the problem, he takes the bike into his van to fix it instantly. All the tools he needs are in the van. Giovanni shows Henrik the receipt, and gives him some advice and a contact card. The customer satisfied, Giovanni leaves for his next customer.

working

94 (working)

Local residents exchange time and skills.

United Kingdom, Ayrshire

Ayrshire LETS (Local Exchange Trading System) By Ayrshire LETS

Solution

The benefits

% 0SGEP )\GLERKI 8VEHMRK 7]WXIQ MW E GSRGITX FEWIH SR XLI QYXYEP I\GLERKI SJ WIVZMGIW ERH WOMPPW among the members of a community. There are currently 40 members from around Ayrshire actively XVEHMRK ER]XLMRK JVSQ GEXIVMRK XLVSYKL XS TPERXW ERH TPYQFMRK 8LI GYVVIRG] MW ÂªXLMWXPIWÂ« [MXL XLI WXERHEVH VEXI FIMRK XLMWXPIW TIV LSYV [LMGL IUYEXIW XS Â&#x2020; 8LMW MW E X]TMGEP 0)87 WGLIQI SJ which there are 18 in Scotland. They encourage innovative forms of trading (from gift wrapping to TPYQFMRK ERH IRGSYVEKI XVEHMRK FIX[IIR MRHMZMHYEPW ERH GSQQYRMX] FYWMRIWWIW VIHYGI FEROMRK ERH MRXIVIWX GLEVKIW ERH TVSZMHI GSQQYRMX] TVSNIGXW [MXL EGGIWW XS PS[ MRXIVIWX GETMXEP

Society. Social benefits include an increased sense of community and the illustration of the value SJ IEGL MRHMZMHYEP [LMGL EVI I\GIPPIRX JSV IRGSYVEKMRK MRGPYWMZI GSQQYRMXMIW TVSZMHMRK MRXIVREP support and empowering people.

Context

Environment. 7LEVMRK WOMPPW TVSHYGXW ERH ORS[PIHKI VIHYGIW MR QER] GEWIW QEXIVMEP GSRWYQTXMSR Products are reused. Environmental benefits also include those associated with localised trading

PIWW XVEZIP JYIP IXG Economy. A LETS proposes an alternative economy based on time instead of money: it creates a HMJJIVIRX JVEQI[SVO SJ QIERMRK ERH ZEPYI JSV LYQER EGXMZMXMIW [LMGL GER KIRIVEXI TVSFPIQW MR the legal recognition of this scheme of exchange.

%PP SZIV )YVSTI JIIPMRKW SJ MWSPEXMSR EVI MRGVIEWMRK EW EVI XLI HIWMVI XS FIGSQI TEVX SJ XLI GSQQYRMX] 3JJIVMRK TVSJIWWMSREP ERH RSR TVSJIWWMSREP WOMPPW XS I\GLERKI KMZIW XLI GLERGI XS WXEVX QIIXMRK TISTPI RSX SRP] JSV FYWMRIWW TYVTSWIW FYX EPWS [MXL XLI EMQ SJ FYMPHMRK ER EXQSWTLIVI of mutual trust and exchange.

Current situation 8LMW MW E VIPEXMZIP] ]SYRK 0)87 WGLIQI [LMGL MW WXMPP MQTVSZMRK ERH QEXYVMRK 8LI SVMKMREP TVSNIGX WXEVXIH MR [LIR E KVSYT SJ *VMIRHW SJ XLI )EVXL QIQFIVW HIGMHIH XS WXEVX E 0)87 WGLIQI MR %]V XS GSYRXIV XLI MRGVIEWI MR RSR PSGEP XVEHI ERH GSRWIUYIRX HIGPMRMRK WIRWI SJ GSQQYRMX] ERH the associated environmental impact of large-scale business. 7XEVXMRK YT GSWXW ERH WYFWGVMTXMSRW EVI EVSYRH Â&#x2020; TIV QIQFIV 3XLIV XLER XLEX EPP XVEHMRK MW ÂªJVIIÂ« MR RSVQEP QSRIXEV] XIVQW 7SQIXMQIW XVEHIVW TE] JSV QEXIVMEPW IXG 0)87 WGLIQIW WYJJIV JVSQ LEZMRK E ÂªGVMXMGEP QEWWÂ« QIQFIVW MW STXMQYQ FYX MW XSS PEVKI 8VEHIVW GERRSX KIX XS ORS[ IEGL SXLIV WS EVI PIWW PMOIP] XS XVEHI 8LI 0)87 QSHIP MW IEW] XS VITPMGEXI ERH E TEGO MW EZEMPEFPI explaining how to start up a scheme.

The experience

Design challenges

Meeting neighbours in exchanging services. Building relationships is more important than saving time. Being part of an inclusive scheme where IZIV]FSH]Â«W GSRXVMFYXMSR MW ZEPYIH ERH [IPGSQIH Contact with sustainability-minded people interested in innovation through social aggregation. The value of trust.

Developing low-tech and high-tech platforms for managing the exchange of WOMPPW ERH KSSHW EQSRK XLI GSQQYRMX] Improving communication in the neighbourhood. Developing regulations to guarantee the exchanges.

Authors 7GLSSP SJ (IWMKR 8LI +PEWKS[ 7GLSSP SJ %VX 7GSXPERH *PSVIRGI %RHVI[W %PI\ 8LSQEW

96 (working)

Local residents help each other out through the mutual exchange of skills.

Italy, Milan, Niguarda

Banca del Tempo – Time Bank By Banca del Tempo Milano Niguarda www.banchetempo.milano.too.it

Solution

The benefits

8MQI &ERO QEREKIW XLI I\GLERKI SJ TISTPI«W WTEVI XMQI ERH GSQTIXIRGIW PMOI XLI RSVXLIVR )YVSTIER 0)87 0SGEP )\GLERKI 8VEHI 7]WXIQ )ZIV] EGXMZMX] LIPT SV TVSHYGX LEW E TVMGI MR LSYVW 4ISTPI GER EWO WSQISRI JSV LIPT [MXL E TVSFPIQ ERH TE] FEGO [MXL XLIMV S[R XMQI MRWXIEH SJ QSRI] ;LIR WSQIFSH] VIGIMZIW E WIVZMGI SV LIPT XLI] LEZI E HIFX IUYMZEPIRX XS XLI EQSYRX SJ LSYVW WTIRX [LMGL XLI] GER VITE] F] SJJIVMRK WSQIXLMRK XLEX GSWXW XLI WEQI XMQI SV MJ QSVI WSQI LSYVW GVIHMX 1IQFIVW NSMR XLI EWWSGMEXMSR F] ´PPMRK E JSVQ WE]MRK [LEX XLI] RIIH ERH [LEX XLI] GSYPH SJJIV MR I\GLERKI 8LI VIUYIWX MW XLIR TYX MR XLI 8MQI &ERO«W PMWX SJ ERRSYRGIQIRXW ERH GSQQYRMGEXIH XS EPP XLI QIQFIVW XLVSYKL E [IFWMXI E [IIOP] I QEMP ERH E TETIV RSXI TSWXIH MR the main centre for the people without a personal computer.

Society. 8MQI &ERO KMZIW KVIEX FIRI´X XS WSGMIX] 4ISTPI GER VIGIMZI LIPT FYX QSVI MQTSVXERXP] IZIV]SRI GER ´RH WSQIXLMRK XS KMZI XS SXLIVW MR QYXYEP I\GLERKI [MXL IZIV]SRI LEZMRK XLI WEQI value in terms of what they can offer. Environment. 8MQI &ERO LSPHW WEPIW [LIVI TISTPI FVMRK XLIMV SPH WXYJJ ERH WIPP MX MR I\GLERKI JSV LSYVW -R XLMW [E] IZIV] SPH ERH YRYWIH SFNIGX GER XYVR MRXS WSQIXLMRK TSWMXMZI MRWXIEH SJ FIMRK XLVS[R E[E] 4VSHYGXW I\GLERKIH PMOI XLMW LEZI XLIMV PMJIWTER PIRKXLIRIH ERH WLEVIH XSSPW KIX much more use. Economy. 8MQI &ERO GER MQTVSZI HSQIWXMG ´RERGIW EW RS QSRI] LEW XS FI TEMH JSV WIVZMGIW &YX the money is less important than the feeling of solidarity.

Context -R FMK )YVSTIER GMXMIW WYGL EW 1MPER TISTPI EVI RS PSRKIV WYVVSYRHIH F] JEQMP] ERH RIIH HMJJIVIRX OMRHW SJ LIPT ERH EWWMWXERGI MR IZIV]HE] PMJI 4ISTPI GER WSQIXMQIW ´RH WSPMHEVMX] MR XLIMV S[R RIMKLFSYVLSSHW FYX MX«W LEVH XS KIX TVSFPIQW WSPZIH MR E TVSJIWWMSREP [E] 1ER] TISTPI EVI [MPPMRK XS SJJIV XLIMV XMQI FYX SXLIVW EVI XSS WL] XS EWO JSV MX SV [SVV] EFSYX LS[ XLI]«PP VITE] XLI JEZSYV &EVXIV WSPYXMSRW PMOI XLI 8MQI &ERO EVI IQIVKMRK XS LIPT SYX

Current situation

The experience

Design challenges

8LI 8MQI &ERO SJ 1MPERS 2MKYEVHE [EW JSYRHIH MR ERH MW MR ER EVIE VMGL MR PSGEP EWWSGMEXMSRW and cultural centres. Around the Niguarda Hospital there are also a lot of elderly and socially MWSPEXIH TISTPI 8LIVI EVI QER] 8MQI &ERO WX]PI SVKERMWEXMSRW EVSYRH XLI [SVPH [LMGL STIVEXI MR HMJJIVIRX [E]W 'VIEXMRK E RIX[SVO FIX[IIR HMJJIVIRX 8MQI &EROW MR XLI WEQI GMX] [SYPH IREFPI IEGL GIRXVI XS YWI MXW WXVIRKXLW XS WSPZI QSVI TVSFPIQW ERH PMRO QSVI TISTPI 8LI 2MKYEVHE WGLIQI [SVOW [IPP QEMRP] HYI XS XLI HIHMGEXMSR SJ TISTPI [LS [SVO JSV XLI 8MQI &ERO FYX XLIVI MW RSX QYGL SVKERMWEXMSR SJ EVGLMZIW SV HEXEFEWIW RSV MW XLIVI IRSYKL GSQQYRMGEXMSR EFSYX XLI WIVZMGI -XEPMER PE[ WE]W XLEX PSGEP GSYRGMPW GER WYTTSVX ERH TVSQSXI 8MQI &EROW JSV I\EQTPI F] TE]MRK XLI VIRX )ZIV] QIQFIV SJ XLI SVKERMWEXMSR WXEJJ [SVOW SR E ZSPYRXEV] FEWMW [MXL SJ´GI expenses paid for by the 14 euro registration fee.

The improved relationships with neighbours by exchanging services is more important than the saving of time. Being part of an inclusive scheme where IZIV]FSH]«W GSRXVMFYXMSR MW ZEPYIH ERH welcomed. Contact with sustainability-minded people interested in innovation through social aggregation.

Developing low-tech and high-tech platforms for managing the exchange SJ WOMPPW ERH KSSHW EQSRK GSQQYRMX] members. Improving communication in the neighbourhood. Developing regulations to guarantee the exchanges.

Authors 4SPMXIGRMGS HM 1MPERS -XEP] %PIWWERHVE 'MEQTEPMRM %XIW )VKMR

Luigi Tomasso (coordinator of the service): ‘Time Bank is often studied, by researchers, the press, the TV or the radio, only for the functional and utilitarian side of our trade. Or they focus on some inevitable folk character. ‘Unlike them, this analysis captures some very important ideas about our problematic relations, our need to manage our activities better and to communicate the opportunities we offer.’

98 (working)

Technical, logistical and material help for human rights associations.

France, Paris

CICP Centre International de Culture Populaire â&#x20AC;&#x201C; International centre of popular culture By Centre International de Culture Populaire www.cicp21ter.org

Solution

The benefits

8LI Â´VWX EMQ SJ '-'4 [EW XS WYTTSVX EWWSGMEXMSRW [SVOMRK SR MRXIVREXMSREP WSPMHEVMX] FYX MX RS[ WYTTSVXW WIZIVEP SXLIV EWWSGMEXMSRW 8LI] EPP [SVO MR EVIEW VIPEXMRK XS LYQER VMKLXW 8LI '-'4 VIRXW SYX XS XLIWI FSHMIW SJÂ´GIW ERH SV QEMPFS\IW QIIXMRK VSSQW TPEGIW XS TVSNIGX QSZMIW ERH XSSPW to organise their activities. The associations share the equipments. Every new association has to be EGGITXIH F] XLI SXLIV EWWSGMEXMSRW MR XLI '-'4 3RGI ER EWWSGMEXMSR MW EGGITXIH XLI '-'4 VIWTIGXW MXW SFNIGXMZIW TSMRXW SJ ZMI[ TSPMXMGEP GLSMGIW ERH [E]W SJ XLMROMRK ERH HSIWRÂ«X MRXIVZIRI MR XLIMV [SVO

Society. +VSYTMRK QER] EWWSGMEXMSRW MR SRI TPEGI GVIEXIW E OMRH SJ JEQMP] EXQSWTLIVI [LMGL encourages deep informal debates. People coming to the CICP are surprised to find so many FSHMIW MR XLI WEQI TPEGI EW QSWX SJ XLI XMQI XLI] EVI PSSOMRK JSV SRP] SRI SJ XLIQ 8LI] HMWGSZIV the real meaning of this space.

Context

Environment. -X TVSHYGIW EPP XLI IRZMVSRQIRXEP FIRIÂ´XW SJ ÂªGS LSYWMRKÂ« MX VIHYGIW XLI XVERWTSVX JSV meetings and reduces energy consumption by sharing spaces. Economy. The CICP gives a bit of leeway on rent demands if an association is having a financial problem.

8LI '-'4 [EW JSYRHIH MR F] XLI 'IRXVI HÂ«qXYHIW IX HÂ«-RMXMEXMZIW HI 7SPMHEVMXq -RXIVREXMSREPI XS IREFPI EWWSGMEXMSRW [SVOMRK SR MRXIVREXMSREP WSPMHEVMX] [MXLSYX ER] WXEXI WYTTSVX ERH WXVYKKPMRK EKEMRWX EPP WSVXW SJ HSQMREXMSR TSPMXMGEP IGSRSQMG SV GYPXYVEP F] KMZMRK XLIQ XLI XIGLRMGEP QEXIVMEP ERH PSKMWXMGEP WYTTSVX XLI] RIIHIH JSV XLIMV [SVO -X MW RS[ MR E XLVII ÂµSSV FYMPHMRK MR XLI XL EVVSRHMWWIQIRX SJ 4EVMW EHETXIH F] ER EVGLMXIGX XS EGGSQQSHEXI ZEVMSYW EWWSGMEXMSRW MR E WSVX SJ ÂªGS LSYWMRKÂ« W]WXIQ 8LI '-'4 TVSZMHIW XLI WTEGI JSV QIIXMRKW ERH IZIRXW SVKERMWIW XLI QEMRXIRERGI SJ XLI FYMPHMRK LIPTW GSQQYRMGEXMSR MRWMHI XLI ÂªGSQQYRMX]Â« ERH SJJIVW EYHMSZMWYEP equipped meeting places.

Current situation The CICP now has about 80 associations as members: about 30 have their offices in the house and XLI SXLIVW LEZI QEMPFS\IW 8LI '-'4 JYRGXMSRW [MXLSYX ER] WXEXI JYRHMRK -X TE]W MXW [SVOIVW [MXL the rent from the associations. The associations can earn their own money too by renting rooms to other organisations for a short period.

The experience

Design challenges

1SXMZEXMSR JVSQ [SVOMRK [MXL TISTPI [MXL XLI WEQI QMWWMSR MR WSGMIX] ERH WLEVMRK ORS[PIHKI )RNS]MRK ER ERMQEXIH [SVOMRK IRZMVSRQIRX

Building or renovating buildings especially for business co-housing

Authors )27'- 0IW %XIPMIVW 4EVMW *VERGI 1MPEQIQ %FHIVEQERI (MPPEL +SPMEXL (]rZVI

‘This case shows that an interesting system like co-housing can be transposed in an other context. We think it is a good exercise to imagine how a way of working can be used in another context, to verify that it really is a sustainable system and not just a lucky strike that can’t be reproduced. We really think that this sort of structure can be reproduced in several different contexts’

Sheep-breeding is revitalised.

100 (working)

Poland, Nowy Sacz

The sheep project &] % KVSYT SJ JEVQIVW JVSQ 2S[] 7EG^ PSGEP VIWXEYVEXIYVW ERH SXLIVW

Solution % ;SVO JYRH GS ´RERGIW XLI TYVGLEWI SJ WQEPP µSGOW SJ WLIIT IRWYVMRK WYJ´GMIRX QIEX ERH [SSP [MXL SRKSMRK QSRMXSVMRK XVEMRMRK ERH TVSKVEQ TVSQSXMSR -XW TVMQEV] KSEP MW XS PMQMX XLI IJJIGXW SJ YRIQTPS]QIRX MR ZMPPEKI EVIEW XLVSYKL GVIEXMRK WLITLIVHMRK WIPJ IQTPS]QIRX ERH TPEGIW SJ [SVO in shepherding homesteads. It also wants to create an integrated economic model of shepherd TVSHYGXMSR MRGVIEWI XLI WSGMEP ERH TVSJIWWMSREP EGXMZMX] SJ ZMPPEKI VIWMHIRXW WYTTP] XLI QEVOIX [MXL ZEPYEFPI ERH LIEPXL] JSSH ERH TVIZIRX XLI QSYRXEMR PERHWGETI JVSQ FIGSQMRK WTSMPX 8LI WGLIQI [EW WXEVXIH F] E FYWMRIWWQER LI FSYKLX XLI ´VWX µSGOW ERH KEZI XLIQ XS S[RIVW SJ TEWXYVI XLEX LEH FIGSQI SZIVKVS[R JSPPS[MRK E HIGPMRI MR WLIIT JEVQMRK ,I SVKERMWIH XLI QEVOIX JSV XLI QIEX QMPO [SSP ERH WOMR % VIWXEYVEXIYV JVSQ /VEOS[ TVSQSXIW XLI QYXXSR HMWLIW 8LI TVSNIGX VIZMZIW XVEHMXMSR IRGSYVEKIW IGS PMJIWX]PI TVSHYGIW LIEPXL] RYXVMXMSYW JSSH TVIWIVZIW XLI EVIE«W WGIRIV] HIZIPSTW XSYVMWQ ERH prevents unemployment in the area.

Context 8LIVI MW E PSRK XVEHMXMSR SJ WLIIT FVIIHMRK MR 4SPMWL QSYRXEMRW FYX JSPPS[MRK WLIIT JEVQMRK GSRXVSP WLIIT LIVHW [IVI KVIEXP] VIHYGIH MR RYQFIV 4EWXYVIW SRGI YWIH JSV LIVHMRK [IVI MRZEHIH by new species of plants. The collapse of sheep herding resulted in an increase in regional YRIQTPS]QIRX 2S[] 7EG^ MW E UYMXI QSYRXEMRSYW VIKMSR [MXL LMKL YRIQTPS]QIRX 8LI ZMPPEKIVW JEGIH PSRK XIVQ YRIQTPS]QIRX HYI XS XLIMV PS[ UYEPM´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

Current situation The scheme started in May 2003 and should conclude in January 2007. The programme could only FI GEVVMIH SYX MR 2S[] 7EG^ ERH RSX WTVIEH XS SXLIV VIKMSRW FIGEYWI SJ GLERKIW XS ´RERGMRK VYPIW &IX[IIR .YP] ERH .YRI JEVQW [IVI EWWIWWIH JSV XLIMV WYMXEFMPMX] JSV XLI TVSKVEQQI 36 unemployed people were signed up and accepted the contract for partial refund of costs and WLEVMRK SJ PSERW JVSQ XLI ;SVO *YRH JSV XLI EGXMZMXMIW WLIIT [IVI VIGIMZIH ERH E TVSKVEQQI SJ

QSRMXSVMRK FIKYR 8LI ;SVO *YRH VIJYRHW TEVX SJ XLI GSWXW SJ IUYMTTMRK XLI [SVO WXEXMSRW ERH TEVX SJ XLI GSWXW MRGYVVIH MR GEVV]MRK SYX JEVQ EGXMZMXMIW ERH KEZI PSERW JSV XLI GVIEXMSR SJ RI[ [SVO areas and for carrying out farm activities.

The benefits Society. 4VSJIWWMSREP UYEPM´GEXMSRW KEMRIH XLVSYKL XVEMRMRK QEMRXEMRMRK SJ GYPXYVEP XVEHMXMSRW GSRRIGXIH [MXL FVIIHMRK ERH XLI KVE^MRK SJ WLIIT 3RI SJ XLI KVIEXIWX EHZERXEKIW SJ XLMW TVSNIGX MW XLI VIHYGXMSR MR XLI YRIQTPS]QIRX VEXI SJ EFSYX EPSQK [MXL IREFPMRK PSGEP MRXIKVEXMSR WTVIEHMRK IGSPSKMGEP WSPYXMSRW WXVIRKXLIRMRK XLI PMRO FIX[IIR GMX] ERH ZMPPEKI ERH LIPTMRK neglected areas and endangered species. Environment. 8LI &IWOMH] PERHWGETI MW QEMRXEMRIH ERH XLI VIKMSR«W EXXVEGXMZIRIWW MQTVSZIH TERSVEQMG ZMI[MRK TSMRXW EVI VIZIEPIH I\MWXMRK TEWXYVIW ERH QIEHS[W QEMRXEMRIH ERH XLI mountain landscape rescued. Economy. The scheme has created an integrated economic model for sheep goods production ERH TPEGIW JSV WIPJ IQTPS]QIRX PMQMXW IJJIGXW SJ YRIQTPS]QIRX MR ZMPPEKI VIKMSRW LEW LIPTIH XLI HIZIPSTQIRX SJ EKVS XSYVMWQ ERH WYTTPMIW XLI QEVOIX [MXL RYXVMXMSYW ERH LIEPXL] JSSH

The experience

Design challenges

*SV XLI FVIIHIVW XLI TVMHI SJ GEVV]MRK SR XVEHMXMSREP [SVO [MXL MXW VIHMWGSZIVIH dignity and importance. Citizens discover traditional products and food.

(IWMKRMRK WIVZMGIW IZIRXW ERH TPEGIW XS promote local traditional products. Facilitating communication between breeders and the public administration. (IZIPSTMRK TPEGI QEVOIXMRK

Authors %GEHIQ] SJ *MRI %VXW MR /VEOS[ 4SPERH Sabina Francuz

101

Boguslaw is a young man who recently passed his high school exams and, like his father, wanted to breed sheep. He found out about the Sheep program and received 27 Bergschaft sheep. A year later he owns a flock of more than 100. He says that it is the best species for meat and wool. He likes his work very much, and though it does not bring in the expected profits, he appears to be satisfied with it and looks to the future with optimism.

102 (working)

How the lifespan of consumer products can be extended. Unemployed, disabled and immigrant people find work that is valuable both to them and to society.

Finland, Helsinki

TyĂś & Toiminta â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Job and Action Association &] 8]} 8SMQMRXE [[[ OMIVVEX]W RIX RWCMRHI\ LXQ

Solution 8LI QEMR KSEP SJ XLI EWWSGMEXMSR MW XS TVSZMHI [SVO JSV YRIQTPS]IH VILEFMPMXEXIH MQQMKVERX ERH SV HMWEFPIH TISTPI 8LI WIGSRH KSEP SJ XLI EWWSGMEXMSR MW XS ÂŞTVSQSXI XLI TSPMG] SJ WYWXEMREFPI HIZIPSTQIRX F] MRGVIEWMRK XLI PMJI G]GPI SJ GSRWYQIV KSSHW F] Â´RHMRK RI[ [E]W SJ VIG]GPMRK ERH F] FSSWXMRK XLI VIG]GPMRK EGXMZMXMIW MR ,IPWMROM EVIEÂŤ ERH MX VYRW E WIGSRH LERH WXSVI WIPPMRK XLI KSSHW 3XLIV FIRIÂ´XW IQTPS]QIRX MW OITX PSGEP [SVOIVW LEZI LMKL QSXMZEXMSR ERH MQQMKVERXW EVI EFPI XS EHETX XS *MRRMWL [SVOMRK GYPXYVI SJ [SVOIVW Â´RH IQTPS]QIRX EJXIV [SVOMRK LIVI 8LI WGLIQI VIHYGIW E PEVKI EQSYRX SJ MRHYWXVMEP ERH GSRWYQIV [EWXI ERH TVSZMHIW LSYWILSPH KSSHW XS XLI GSQQYRMX] ERH HMWEHZERXEKIH GSYRXVMIW EX VIEWSREFPI TVMGIW -R XLI JYXYVI MX LSTIW to collaborate even more with artists and designers in reusing material that cannot be recycled.

Context 8LI EWWSGMEXMSR [EW JSYRHIH F] E KVSYT SJ YRIQTPS]IH TISTPI MR :YSWEEVM E QYPXMGYPXYVEP EVIE SJ XLI GMX] %X XLI XMQI YRIQTPS]QIRX EWWSGMEXMSRW [IVI TSTYPEV FIGEYWI SJ XLI IGSRSQMG VIGIWWMSR ERH TVSZMHIH WSQI[LIVI JSV TISTPI QEMRP] QIR XS HS WSGMEP EGXMZMXMIW WYGL EW Â´WLMRK ,SROERIR [EW LMVIH EW XLI PIEHIV SJ SRI EWWSGMEXMSR MR ERH LI MRXVSHYGIH VIG]GPMRK EW E TVSÂ´XEFPI EGXMZMX] *MVWX SJ EPP LSYWILSPH KSSHW [IVI WSPH EX E ÂľIE QEVOIX ERH XLIR GSQTYXIVW FIGEQI QSVI SJ XLI MXIQW FIMRK HMWQERXPIH VIYWIH ERH VIG]GPIH 3TTSVXYRMXMIW [MXL XLI RI[ ;))) PE[W GSQMRK MRXS IJJIGX ERH GSPPEFSVEXMSRW [MXL XLI 1YRMGMTEPMX] SJ ,IPWMROM HVSZI KVS[XL SJ XLI SJÂ´GMEPP] VIKMWXIVIH EWWSGMEXMSR 'SQTERMIW MR *MRPERH QYWX GSQTP] [MXL XLI WXVMGX VIG]GPMRK PE[W ERH XLMW solution provides a way for them to recycle at low cost. Consumers also appreciate an outlet that enables them to recycle their goods in a culture where environmental friendliness is important. ;SVOIVW Â´RH XLMW E ZEPYEFPI TPEGI XS [SVO FIGEYWI MX TE]W FIXXIV XLER YRIQTPS]QIRX TVSZMHIW E TPEGI JSV XLIQ XS TYX XLIMV WOMPPW XS [SVO ERH FI EGXMZI ERH XLI EXQSWTLIVI MW VIPE\IH ERH ÂŞPMOI E FMK JEQMP]ÂŤ

Current situation A private limited company â&#x20AC;&#x153;social firmâ&#x20AC;? (called Neo-Act Ltd) has recently been registered and activities will move from the non-profit association to the social firm. Its dual mission is to create NSFW [LMPI QEOMRK E TVSÂ´X EGGSVHMRK XS PIKEP WSGMEP Â´VQ VIKYPEXMSRW 8LMW EWWSGMEXMSR WIIQW XS be well organised and appropriate to its culture and society. The Job and Action Association GSSTIVEXIW [MXL SXLIV *MRRMWL WSGMEP Â´VQW WYTTSVXIH F] XLI REXMSREP ÂŞ)P[EVIÂŤ TVSNIGX ERH MW EPWS TEVX SJ XLI )YVSTIER [MHI RIX[SVO 66IYWI E RIX[SVO SJ WSGMEP Â´VQW STIVEXMRK MR E WMQMPEV [E]

*SV IPIGXVMG ERH IPIGXVSRMG MXIQW PMOI 8:W GSQTYXIVW ERH JVMHKIW . %% GLEVKIW E ZIV] VIEWSREFPI VIG]GPMRK JII ERH [MPP GSPPIGX IUYMTQIRX ERH JYVRMXYVI JSV E WQEPP JII -X RS[ IQTPS]W EVSYRH people.

The benefits Society. 8LIVI EVI QER] FIRIÂ´XW JSV MRHMZMHYEPW [SVOMRK MR XLMW WYWXEMREFPI IRXLYWMEWXMG TPEGI *VSQ XLI GSRWYQIVÂŤW TSMRX SJ ZMI[ XLIVI MW XLI FIRIÂ´X SJ VIG]GPMRK YR[ERXIH KSSHW ERH SJ FY]MRK TVSHYGXW EX VIEWSREFPI TVMGIW 4YXXMRK MQQMKVERXW XS [SVO GYVVIRXP] REXMSREPMXMIW MR WSGMIX] EPSRKWMHI *MRRW LIPTW GVIEXI E QSVI QYPXMGYPXYVEP ERH STIR QMRHIH EXQSWTLIVI ERH EPPS[W XLIQ XS HIZIPST WOMPPW ERH GSRXEGXW RSX SXLIV[MWI TSWWMFPI Environment. 8LI IRZMVSRQIRXEP FIRIÂ´XW EVI GPIEV [MXL XLI VITEMV VIYWI SJ TVSHYGXW I\XIRHMRK XLIMV PMJIWTER ERH QEXIVMEP VIG]GPMRK &IX[IIR ERH XSRW SJ QEXIVMEP GSQIW XLVSYKL XLI STIVEXMSR TIV QSRXL [MXL EFSYX JSYV XSRW SJ GSQTYXIVW VIGIMZIH TIV [IIO JVSQ XLI KSZIVRQIRX EPSRI . %ÂŤW FYVRMRK SJ TPEWXMG KIRIVEXIW IRSYKL IRIVK] XS LIEX LSYWIW MR *MRPERH E ]IEV Economy. 8LI GVIEXMSR SJ PSGEP NSFW WMRGI ERH RI[ TVSHYGXW MW SFZMSYWP] KSSH JSV XLI IGSRSQ] MR ,IPWMROM &] TVSZMHMRK IQTPS]IIW [MXL RI[ WOMPPW XLI] EVI XLIR EFPI XS KS SR XS Â´RH [SVO MR SXLIV EVIEW SJ XLI GMX] [MXL KIXXMRK NSFW EJXIV[EVHW 'SQTERMIW ETTVIGMEXI XLMW WIVZMGI [LMGL IREFPIW XLIQ XS EFMHI F] FYWMRIWW TVEGXMGI PE[W [LMPI EPWS PS[IVMRK GSWXW XLVSYKL VIYWI of waste.

The experience

Design challenges

6IMRXIKVEXMSR MRXS XLI [SVPH SJ [SVO and active life. Feeling part of a big-family in a TSWMXMZI [SVOMRK EXQSWTLIVI

Designing innovative equipment and tools for recycling materials. Developing and applying disassembling criteria. Spreading the culture of recycling and recovering by designing quality products from recycled material.

Authors 9RMZIVWMX] SJ %VX ERH (IWMKR ,IPWMROM *MRPERH 0MRHWE] /IR^MK 'MRH] /SLXEPE

103

Harri is an administrator who deals with the logistics of getting waste materials from companies. He sees a need for innovative equipment and tools in the recycling of glass and metal; he is looking for designers and artists to collaborate with in making high quality products from these materials to be sold.

Ramin likes working here because it is a great atmosphere, he can do what he likes, he gets to learn about recycling, he meets many people and is relearning a ‘rhythm in life’. Al-Mussawi Haidar says he loves working here because it is ‘like a big family’.

104

learning

105

106 (learning)

Young people’s creativity and resourceawareness is stimulated.

The Netherlands, Eindhoven

Artist involvement in creative education &] &MWO )MRHLSZLIR

Solution

The benefits

The aim of the scheme is to bring schools and artists together for educational purposes. An SVKERMWEXMSR GEPPIH &-7/ EGXW EW QIHMEXMRK EKIRG] FIX[IIR WGLSSPW ERH EVXMWXW [LS EVI MRZMXIH XS XLI [SVOWLSTW XS HIZIPST XLI TYTMPW« GVIEXMZI ERH EVXMWXMG WOMPPW 8LI TYTMPW KYMHIH F] XLI EVXMWXW GVIEXI EVX[SVOW JVSQ KEVFEKI HMWGSZIVMRK XLI TSXIRXMEP SJ QEXIVMEP XLEX MW EPP EVSYRH XLIQ ´RHMRK ERH GSQTSWMRK RI[ QIERMRKW SYX SJ HMWGEVHIH SFNIGXW 8LI MRRSZEXMZI TEVX SJ XLMW WGLIQI MW XLEX it provides a valuable contribution to the creative development of schoolchildren. Students learn EFSYX XSSPW ERH QEXIVMEPW ERH [E]W SJ I\TVIWWMRK XLIQWIPZIW 8LMW WSPYXMSR IRLERGIW XLI GVIEXMZI WOMPPW SJ WSGMIX] EW E [LSPI ERH TVSQSXIW ER STIR QMRHIH ERH ªSYX SJ XLI FS\« ETTVSEGL XS PMJI

Society. 8LI TYTMPW KIX E GLERGI SJ GSRXEGX [MXL XLI ªQ]WXIVMSYW« TVSJIWWMSR SJ XLI EVXMWX ERH EVI KYMHIH MR GVIEXMZI I\TPSVEXMSR F] E VIEP TVSJIWWMSREP 8LMW QE] WTEVO ER MQTYPWI XS FI QSVI GVIEXMZI ERH TVSQSXI E QSVI GVIEXMZI EXXMXYHI MR KIRIVEP 3R E WSGMEP PIZIP XLMW WSPYXMSR NSMRW XLI GVIEXMZI ERH GYPXYVEP EWTIGXW SJ IHYGEXMSR ERH GSYPH LIPT WSGMIX] IZSPZI [MXL MRRSZEXMSR ERH creativity.

Context

Economy. %PXLSYKL XLI EVXMWXW EVI TEMH F] XLI WGLSSPW XLI] EVI QSVI QSXMZEXIH F] XLI IRNS]QIRX SJ WLEVMRK XLIMV TEWWMSR ERH XLI MRWTMVEXMSR XLI] KIX JVSQ [SVOMRK [MXL GLMPHVIR 8S QEOI XLI MRMXMEXMZI QSVI IGSRSQMGEPP] WYWXEMREFPI WSPYXMSRW LEZI XS FI JSYRH JSV JYRHMRK XLI TVSNIGXW IK selling the results to a larger public.

8LI ;IWXIVR [SVPH TVSHYGIW IRSVQSYW EQSYRXW SJ KEVFEKI %PXLSYKL WSGMIX] GSRWMHIVW MX YWIPIWW ERH YKP] XLIVI MW E KVS[MRK MRXIVIWX MR YWMRK KEVFEKI MR EVX 8LIWI JSVQW SJ EVX HS RSX VIEGL young children who are taught to express themselves through techniques such as painting or pottery. Teachers often focus on the quality of the artistic creations themselves rather than the XLSYKLX XLEX TVSZSOIH XLIQ %PWS XIEGLIVW EVI SJXIR RSX EVXMWXW XLIQWIPZIW FIMRK QSVI GSRGIVRIH with educational issues rather than creativity itself. Artists love to share their passion for art and GVIEXMZMX] [MXL ]SYRK TISTPI [LS EVI STIR QMRHIH ERH IRXLYWMEWXMG XS I\TIVMQIRX

Environment. ;LIR XLI EVXMWXW EVI YWMRK ªTVSWTIVMX] PIJXSZIVW« ¦ XLEX MW HMWGEVHIH GSRWYQIV TVSHYGXW ERH XS]W ¦ MX VIHYGIW XLI EQSYRX SJ TETIV TEMRX ERH GPE] IXG YWIH MR GVIEXMZI WIWWMSRW ERH QE] EPWS KMZI XLI TYTMPW MRWMKLX MRXS XLI ZEPYI SJ XLI XLMRKW [I GEPP ªKEVFEKI« =SYRK TISTPI become aware of environmental issues in a playful way.

Current situation

The experience

Design challenges

8LI WSPYXMSR MW RS[ EPVIEH] TYX MRXS TVEGXMGI ERH I\XIRHMRK XLI WGLIQI XS SXLIV WGLSSPW [SYPH be relatively simple: an organisation structure would be needed to bring schools and artists XSKIXLIV ;LIR MX [SVOW [IPP E GSYVWI GER TVSZMHI EVXMWXW [MXL FSXL XIEGLMRK MRWMKLXW ERH TVEGXMGEP information.

The stimulation that comes from QIIXMRK XLSWI MR SXLIV TVSJIWWMSRW [MXL HMJJIVIRX WOMPPW ERH EKIW The challenge of transforming the industrial world into something unique and personal.

Creating situations and environments to use HMWGEVHIH SFNIGXW JSV RI[ TYVTSWIW ERH KMZI XLIQ E RI[ FIEYX] (IWMKRMRK SFNIGXW [MXL EPXIVREXMZI YWIW for a second life. Developing educational events to stimulate the personalisation of goods and their creative redefinition.

Authors 89 )MRHLSZIR 8LI 2IXLIVPERHW 'LVMW ,IKIV 0EYVMI 7GLSPXIR ;SYXIV ;MHHIVWLSZIR

107

Artists need to realise that pupils of different ages need different approaches. Adolescents can cope with the task of creating something using, for instance, keywords. For young children, it is better to tell them an open-ended introductory story.

108 (learning)

Education in enjoyable surroundings.

France, Paris

CafezoĂŻde â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Playground cafĂŠ By CafezoĂŻde association www.cafezoide.asso.fr

Solution

The benefits

'EJq >SxHI MW E GSQFMREXMSR SJ E RIMKLFSYVLSSH [SVOWLST ERH E GEJq MRHITIRHIRX JVSQ XLI school system but providing educational yet liberating surroundings for children. The scheme SJJIVW E TPE]KVSYRH JSV JEQMPMIW EVX GSYVWIW ERH I\LMFMXMSRW LIPT JSV JSVIMKR TEVIRXW ERH GLMPHVIR E GEJq FEWIH SR I\GLERKI ERH TEVXMGMTEXMSR ERH E PMFVEV] SJ MRJSVQEXMSR -X MW EPWS E H]REQMG ERH GSRZMZMEP MRÂľYIRGI SR XLI RIMKLFSYVLSSH

Society. 'EJq >SxHI EPPS[W GLMPHVIR XS HIZIPST MRXS MRHMZMHYEPW MR E ZIV] STIR QMRHIH ERH unconventional way. It treats children as people and helps them to find a way to communicate [MXL EHYPXW ERH GLMPHVIR SJ ER] EKI ERH GYPXYVEP FEGOKVSYRH MR XLIMV S[R [E] -X MW RS[ ER IWWIRXMEP QIIXMRK TSMRX JSV JEQMPMIW JVSQ XLI RIMKLFSYVLSSH HIITP] MRZSPZIH MR XLI IZIV]HE] PMJI of the community.

Context % KVSYT SJ TISTPI HIGMHIH XS GVIEXI E [EVQ TPEGI XS KS MR XLI [MRXIV [LIVI ]SYRK TISTPI GSYPH QIIX ERH TPE] 8LI] EPWS JSVQIH ER EVXMWXWÂŤ WXYHMS [LIVI XLI] I\LMFMX ERH TVSQSXI ]SYRK TISTPIÂŤW [SVO ERH E TPEGI [LIVI JEQMPMIW GER QIIX ERH MRXIVEGX &YMPHMRK E GEJq JSGYWMRK SR E WTIGMÂ´G XEVKIX EYHMIRGI MR XLMW GEWI GLMPHVIR MW ER IEW] ERH TSWMXMZI XLMRK XS VITPMGEXI IPWI[LIVI â&#x20AC;&#x201C; all it needs is a well-functioning team of people that concentrate on the specific needs of the GYWXSQIVW %RH SJ GSYVWI KMZMRK GLMPHVIR SJ EPP EKIW E TPEGI [LIVI XLI] GER TPE] PIEVR ERH KVS[ as individuals is always positive and would benefit any community.

Environment. )ZIR XLSYKL XLIVI EVI RS SFZMSYW FIRIÂ´XW XS XLI IRZMVSRQIRX XLI TISTPI ERH GLMPHVIR SJ 'EJq >SxHI XV] XS GSRXVMFYXI XS WEZMRK SYV TPERIX 8LI] XV] XS YWI FMSHIKVEHEFPI QEXIVMEPW JSV XLIMV ZEVMSYW TVSNIGXW GSRWYQI JEMV XVEHI TVSHYGXW XEOI GEVI SJ XLI KVIIR EVIE SJ 4EVMW ERH XLIMV MQQIHMEXI WYVVSYRHMRKW ERH MR TEVXMGYPEV XV] XS MRWXMP XLI ZEPYI SJ XLI IRZMVSRQIRX in the children. Economy. 8LI XS[R LEPP SJ XLI XL EVVSRHMWWIQIRX WYTTSVXW XLI TVSNIGX Â´RERGMEPP] ERH F] HSREXMRK WTEGI 7XMPP XLI 'EJq >SxHI XIEQ LSTIW XS FI MRHITIRHIRX WSSR XS FI JVII SJ GSRZIRXMSREP bureaucratic rules. Being independent without diminishing the positive image of the association MW ZIV] MQTSVXERX XS EPP MRZSPZIH 8LI] HS RSX [ERX XS XYVR XLMW TVSNIGX MRXS E FYWMRIWW JSV JIEV SJ PSWMRK XLI WTMVMX SJ E GSQQYRMX] TVSNIGX

Current situation 7XEVXIH EW E YRMUYI GEJq MR 4EVMW MR 'EJq >SMHI MW RS[ HIZIPSTMRK E GSRGITX XLEX GER replicate the idea in other neighbourhoods. The organisation is financed by subsidies and other WQEPP GSRXVMFYXMSRW [LMGL GSYPH FI FSSWXIH F] WIPPMRK XLI GLMPHVIRÂŤW EVX[SVO SV TVSQSXMRK XLI organisation more efficiently.

The experience

Design challenges

*SV XLI GLMPHVIR XLI TPIEWYVI SJ TPE]MRK Conceiving multi-service centres to merge MR E NS]JYP TPEGI [MXL XLI JIIPMRK SJ complementary functions . being independent (IWMKRMRK JYVRMXYVI GSQQYRMGEXMSR MXIQW XSSPW ERH infrastructures to help children become independent ERH WOMPPIH

Authors )27'- 0IW %XIPMIVW 4EVMW *VERGI 4EXVMGME >ETÂľ

109

‘Creating a children’s café is a very interesting business idea and is a win-win situation which addresses important social aspects. Café Zoïde is different from normal nursery schools. It is most importantly a café for children to which they can come and go, join in the games they want to and learn to be independent individuals.’

110 (learning)

Adults are helped to recover from addiction, and find occupational, educational and employment opportunities.

United Kingdom, Glasgow

Coach House Trust By Coach House Trust [[[ XLIGLX GS YO

Solution

The benefits

8LI 'SEGL ,SYWI 8VYWX MW E RSR TVSÂ´X SVKERMWEXMSR XLEX WIIOW XS GLEPPIRKI XLI IGSRSQMG ERH WSGMEP I\GPYWMSR SJ EHYPXW [MXL QIRXEP LIEPXL TVSFPIQW VIGSZIVMRK JVSQ EHHMGXMSR SV [MXL PIEVRMRK HMJÂ´GYPXMIW [LS Â´RH MX HMJÂ´GYPX XS Â´RH ERH OIIT E NSF 8LI 'SEGL ,SYWI KMZIW XLIQ JSGYW ERH XLI STTSVXYRMXMIW XS KEMR WOMPPW ERH FI TEVX SJ E [EVQ GSQQYRMX] IRZMVSRQIRX 8LI WGLIQI TVSZMHIW TIVWSREP WSGMEP ERH ZSGEXMSREP HIZIPSTQIRX MR TPEGIW XLEX GER LIPT reintegrate them into the mainstream community. It achieves this through providing indoor and SYXHSSV [SVOWLSTW ERH EGXMZMXMIW WYGL EW GIVEQMGW [SSH[SVO KEVHIRMRK ERH VIG]GPMRK GSQTSWX 4EVXMGMTERXW [SVO MR ERH [MXL XLI PSGEP GSQQYRMX] FYMPHMRK QYXYEP XVYWX ERH VIWTIGX ERH EGLMIZMRK MRXIKVEXMSR 4VSHYGXW QERYJEGXYVIH Â¦ WYGL EW JVYMX ERH ZIKIXEFPIW [SSH[SVO ERH QIXEP[SVO WGYPTXYVIW TEMRXMRKW ERH WMPO TEMRXMRKW Â¦ EVI WSPH MR XLI WLST

Society. People who have experienced addiction or mental illness are regularly ignored in everyday WSGMIX] FYX EVI [IPGSQIH MR XLI 'SEGL ,SYWI -X KMZIW XLIQ STTSVXYRMXMIW XS PIEVR RI[ WOMPPW QIIX RI[ ERH WMQMPEV TISTPI ERH LIPT F] XEOMRK TEVX MR WYWXEMREFPI TVEGXMGIW WYGL EW [SSH[SVO QSWEMGW QIXEP[SVO WPEF QEOMRK JYVRMXYVI QEOMRK KEVHIRMRK ERH VIG]GPMRK 1YGL SJ XLMW [SVO benefits the local society. The team renovates public spaces and landscapes local private gardens.

Context

Economy. 8LI RSR TVSÂ´X SVKERMWEXMSR MW JYRHIH F] ZEVMSYW FSHMIW WYGL EW XLI LIEPXL EYXLSVMX] ERH GLEVMXMIW 6IKYPEV EXXIRHIIW QYWX LEZI JYRHMRK [LMGL KSIW XS[EVHW XVEMRMRK QEXIVMEPW ERH IUYMTQIRX ERH WXEJJ -X [SYPH FI LEVH XS Â´RH IRSYKL JYRHMRK JSV XLI XVYWX XS I\TERH IZIR MJ MX [ERXIH XS QIERMRK XLEX RI[ GPMIRXW EVI MRGVIEWMRKP] YREFPI XS NSMR SV TEVXMGMTEXI %R] [SVO WSPH XLVSYKL XLI WLST SV VIWXEYVERXW QEVOIXW KSIW XS[EVHW QEXIVMEPW XSSPW IXG

%HYPXW VIGSZIVMRK JVSQ EHHMGXMSR QIRXEP LIEPXL TVSFPIQW TL]WMGEP HMWEFMPMXMIW ERH PIEVRMRK HMJÂ´GYPXMIW EVI SJXIR I\GPYHIH JVSQ WSGMIX] QEOMRK MX HMJÂ´GYPX JSV XLIQ XS KEMR ZEPYEFPI TVEGXMGEP WOMPPW ERH TEVXMGMTEXI MR QIERMRKJYP [SVO

Environment. %W XLI 'SEGL ,SYWI 8VYWX MW FSXL MR XLI GMX] ERH ZIV] GPSWI XS E VMZIV ERH TEVO [SSHPERH EVIEW VIRSZEXMSR [SVO F] XLI XVYWX LEW GVIEXIH QER] TPIEWERX TYFPMG WTEGIW -X XIEGLIW gardening and horticulture to both clients and neighbouring primary and secondary school children. *VYMX ERH ZIKIXEFPIW EVI WSPH XS XLI TYFPMG MR QEVOIXW ERH VIWXEYVERXW 8IEGLMRK WYWXEMREFPI WSPYXMSRW MW ZMXEP XSHE] EW XLI IRZMVSRQIRX MW MRGVIEWMRKP] XLVIEXIRIH

Current situation 8LI XVYWX [EW WIX YT MR [LIR MX FSYKLX E HIVIPMGX FYMPHMRK ERH VIRSZEXIH MX XS FIGSQI E centre promoting innovative approaches to education training and employment. Glasgow city GSYRGMP PIX XLI XVYWX PERHWGETI TYFPMG EVIEW WXEVXMRK [MXL XLI 8VMERKPI KEVHIR [LMGL YWIH XS FI E TYFPMG :MGXSVMER HV]MRK KVIIR 4ISTPI GSQI XS XLI TVSNIGX XLVSYKL ER STIR VIJIVVEP W]WXIQ ERH LEZI XS FI JYRHIH F] PSGEP LIEPXL FSEVHW 8LI XVYWX RS[ LEW GPMIRXW SV SV [LSQ EVI VIKYPEVW 8LIVI MW RS XMQI PMQMX -X LEW VIEGLIH QE\MQYQ GETEGMX] FYX HSIW RSX [MWL XS KVS[ ERH FIGSQI E QENSV SVKERMWEXMSR GVMTTPIH F] FYVIEYGVEG] -X VIPMIW SR QER] WSYVGIW SJ JYRHMRK FYX QEOIW PMXXPI profit. The annual turnover is 1 million pounds.

The experience

Design challenges

8LIVI MW RS TVIWWYVI SR GPMIRXW XS QEOI E Providing an outlet for the handicrafts produced profit - the pleasure is all in the teaching. by non-professional artisans. 0IEVRMRK WOMPPW ERH YRHIVWXERHMRK WYWXEMREFPI TVEGXMGIW [LMGL GER FI YWIH MR IZIV]HE] PMJI

Authors 7GLSSP SJ (IWMKR 8LI +PEWKS[ 7GLSSP SJ %VX 7GSXPERH 2EXEPMI 0EQFIVX )VMG 0IQEVIWUYMIV

111

Many find that going to the Coach House on a regular basis gives them a reason to get up in the morning. It provides a second home to many of these people, who feel comfortable and welcome in the environment. If they decide they do not enjoy one activity, they can do another, as the Coach House understands that many clients are not comfortable performing certain tasks, or are unable to due to certain mental or physical difficulties. This freedom makes them feel part of a voluntary group, not forced to participate in anything they are not happy with.

112 (learning)

How children benefit from a pre-school education in rural areas where there have been no kindergartens.

Poland, many towns

Comenius Kindergartens By Comenius Foundation for Child Development www.frd.org.pl

Solution

The benefits

8LI 'SQIRMYW *SYRHEXMSR JSV 'LMPH (IZIPSTQIRX KMZIR E TPEGI MR E ZMPPEKI SVKERMWIW E WTIGMEP OMRHIVKEVXIR JSV XLI PSGEP XLVII XS Â´ZI ]IEV SPHW 'LMPHVIR HSRÂ«X KIX E WPIITMRK FVIEO SV QIEPW FYX XLI] HS KIX XLI STTSVXYRMX] XS WTIRH XLI XMQI XSKIXLIV TPE]MRK ERH PIEVRMRK JVSQ XLI XIEGLIVW XVEMRIH F] XLI JSYRHEXMSR 7YGL OMRHIVKEVXIRW SJXIR FIGSQI ZMPPEKI GYPXYVEP GIRXVIW [LIVI TEVIRXW can meet to discuss new activities or events.The goal of the program is to ensure a space and its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

Society. 8LEROW XS XLI GIRXVI E GSEPMXMSR LEW FIIR IWXEFPMWLIH FIX[IIR XLI TEVIRXW ERH XLI PSGEP KSZIVRQIRX [LMGL KMZIW XLI VIWMHIRXW QSVI GSRÂ´HIRGI ERH MRGVIEWIW XLIMV TEVXMGMTEXMSR MR XLI GSQQYRMX] PMJI 8LI PSGEXMSR SJ XLI GIRXVIW MW EPWS ER MQTSVXERX JEGXSV JSV I\EQTPI MJ XLI] EVI RIEV E PMFVEV] MX IRGSYVEKIW XLI TEVIRXW XS GLIGO SYX FSSOW 7TIRHMRK SZIV E HS^IR LSYVW E [IIO EX XLI GPYFW ERH WLEVMRK VIWTSRWMFMPMXMIW XLI] GER EPWS PIEVR JVSQ IEGL SXLIV

Context 3RP] SJ XLI VYVEP GLMPHVIR MR 4SPERH EVI IRVSPPIH MR TVI WGLSSP 8LMW MW HYI FSXL XS JEQMPMIWÂ« PEGO SJ QSRI] XLIVI MW E LMKL YRIQTPS]QIRX VEXI MR XLI GSYRXV] ERH XLI PEGO SJ TVI WGLSSP GIRXVIW MR XLI RIEVF] EVIE %GGSVHMRK XS PIKEP WXEXYXIW XLI Â´RERGMEP VIWTSRWMFMPMX] JSV IHYGEXMSR JEPPW XS XLI QYRMGMTEPMX] [LMGL JVIUYIRXP] HSIWRÂ«X LEZI IRSYKL JYRHW XS Â´RERGI FEWMG IHYGEXMSR 8LI JSYRHEXMSR MQTPIQIRXIH ER MRRSZEXMZI TVSKVEQ GEPPIH Âª;LIR 8LIVI %VI 2S 4VI WGLSSPWÂ« [LMGL provides equal educational opportunities by opening early childhood education centres in areas where pre-school services have never been offered or have been discontinued.

Environment. 4PEWXMG XS]W EVI KIRIVEPP] RSX YWIH MR XLI GPYFW MRWXIEH XLI TEVIRXW QEOI VEK HSPPW WSGO LERH TYTTIXW IXG [LMGL EVI IEW] XS QEOI EX LSQI JVSQ WGVETW SV SXLIV QEXIVMEP JVIUYIRXP] available. The paints and pulp the children use can be made from organic ingredients such as salt or papier mache. Economy. 8LI MRMXMEXMZI LEW ER IJJIGX SR XLI PSGEP NSF QEVOIX F] LMVMRK YRIQTPS]IH XIEGLIVW ERH KMZMRK PMFVEV] WXEJJ EHHMXMSREP LSYVW 1EOMRK YWI SJ JVII FYMPHMRK WTEGI GS STIVEXMSR [MXL TEVIRXW HIZIPSTQIRX SJ GYPXYVEP GIRXVIW JSV XLI EVIE ERH PS[ STIVEXMRK GSWXW EVI NYWX WSQI SJ XLI WYGGIWWIW SJ XLMW YRHIVXEOMRK IUYMTQIRX ERH WXEJJ -X [SYPH FI LEVH XS Â´RH IRSYKL JYRHMRK JSV XLI XVYWX XS I\TERH IZIR MJ MX [ERXIH XS QIERMRK XLEX RI[ GPMIRXW EVI MRGVIEWMRKP] YREFPI XS NSMR SV TEVXMGMTEXI %R] [SVO WSPH XLVSYKL XLI WLST SV VIWXEYVERXW QEVOIXW KSIW XS[EVHW QEXIVMEPW tools etc.

Current situation 8LI 4VIWGLSSP 'PYF KSIW ]IEV VSYRH [MXL E FVIEO JSV WYQQIV 8LI TSTYPEVMX] ERH EGGIWWMFMPMX] of the scheme is shown by the numerous new centres opening in the local area and in other GSQQYRMXMIW XEOMRK TEVX MR XLMW TVSKVEQQI EW [IPP EW XLI [EMXMRK PMWX XS XEOI TEVX .EWXOz[ WXEVXIH [MXL JSYV TVI WGLSSPW [MXL Â´ZI KVSYTW SJ GLMPHVIR ERH RS[ LEW WIZIR WGLSSPW [MXL IMKLX KVSYTW % XSXEP SJ TVIWGLSSP GPYFW LEZI FIIR WXEVXIH YT MR IMKLX XS[RW 8LI WGLIQI MW ZIV] ÂµI\MFPI ERH GER FI EHETXIH XS WYMX XLI RIIHW SJ ER] EVIE [LMGL HMJJIV MR XLI [E] XLI] VYR Â´RERGI ERH LMVI teachers. Teaching methods are continuously adapted. The cost of one child is 70 zl. per month â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a RSVQEP ZMPPEKI TVIWGLSSP GSWXW ^P 8LI PSGEP EYXLSVMX] IRWYVIW WTEGI ERH IUYMTQIRX EW [IPP EW XIEGLIVWÂ« WEPEVMIW 8LI JSYRHEXMSR TE]W JSV E UYEPMX] GSRWYPXERX ERH XIEGLMRK EWWMWXERX 3XLIV GSWXW WYGL EW GEV VIRXEP JSV Â´IPH XVMTW EVI TEMH F] XLI TEVIRXW SV WTSRWSVW 4EVIRXW GER EPWS GSRXVMFYXI to the cost of materials.

The experience

Design challenges

Peace of mind of providing your children with access to the school. Pride in contributing effectively to the education of own children.

Developing school services to allow the participation of the parents. 'SRGIMZMRK [E]W SJ WXMQYPEXMRK GLMPHVIRÂ«W GVIEXMZMX] in inventing and manufacturing the toys.

Authors %GEHIQ] SJ *MRI %VXW MR /VEOS[ 4SPERH Ela Tluszcz

113

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;A great advantage of this programme is its flexibility, meaning it can be applied to any location. It is incredible that nobody offered any sort of negative comments ...â&#x20AC;&#x2122;

114 (learning)

People are taught about trade without attending a conventional course.

France, Paris

La Boutique Pédagogique – Training Shop By Association T.E.R.E.M http://omnibusnet.org

Solution

The benefits

The training shop gives professional courses about the sales industry and allows students to put theory into practice in the on-site shop. The aim is to enable young people and adults who are IMXLIV YRIQTPS]IH SV SJ PS[ IHYGEXMSR XS ´RH JYP´PQIRX XLVSYKL [SVO 8LI WLST SRP] WIPPW JEMV trade products. The main motivation of the organisers is both to reintegrate people into society ERH MRXVSHYGI IXLMGEP MWWYIW F] WIPPMRK JEMV XVEHI TVSHYGXW SRP] 7XYHIRXW [LS [MWL XS XEOI TEVX EVI ´VWX EWWIWWIH F] XLI %24) XLIR WIRX XS XLI ªQMWWMSR PSGEPI« [LMGL HIGMHIW XLI FIWX PSGEXMSR JSV IEGL MRHMZMHYEP 8VEMRMRK PEWXW JSYV QSRXLW [MXL XLVII [IIOW HIHMGEXIH XS MRXIVRWLMT )ZIV] HE] XLI WXYHIRXW GSQI MR XLI QSVRMRK JSV XLIMV GSYVWI SRI STIRW XLI WLST ERH IZIV] X[S LSYVW XLI] XEOI XYVRW XS VYR XLI WLST 8LI WXYHIRXW JSPPS[ WXVMGX HMWGMTPMRI LEZMRK XS FI TVIWIRX SR XMQI XLIVI ERH supervised at all times by the team.

Society. 8LI XVEMRMRK WLSTW TVSZMHI ORS[PIHKI I\TIVMIRGI ERH WOMPPW XS IQTS[IV YRIQTPS]IH TISTPI XLVSYKL WEPIW XVEMRMRK [MXL XLI EHHIH EHZERXEKI SJ KEMRMRK I\TIVMIRGI MR JEMV XVEHI %X XLI WEQI XMQI JSSH TVSHYGIVW KIX XS WIPP XLIMV TVSHYGXW EX XLI VMKLX TVMGI ERH KIX XLIMV [SVO recognised. Human contact is an important part in the reintegration process: by belonging to E KVSYT ERH QIIXMRK TISTPI XLI WXYHIRXW FIGSQI QSVI WSGMEPP] GSR´HIRX %PWS FIMRK KMZIR responsibilities in the shop gives the students necessary self-confidence to succeed.

Context 8LI TVSNIGX [EW JSYRHIH ERH VYR F] 1EVGIP *MRHIVW ERH 8)6)1 ªXIVVMXSMVI IX IQTPSM« GVIEXIH in 1992 to give young people the opportunity to go on exchange in Europe but later evolving to provide (re)integration into professional life. In Paris the training shops are set up in areas where they are needed. The drivers of the scheme are both social and economic: social because XLI WXYHIRXW VIKEMR WSGMEP ERH TVSJIWWMSREP GSR´HIRGI IGSRSQMG FIGEYWI MX MQTVSZIW XLI PMZMRK standards of both students and the producers of the fair trade products.

Environment. 8LI JEMV XVEHI W]WXIQ WYTTSVXW PSGEP EKVMGYPXYVI [LMGL EPPS[W WQEPP JEVQIVW XS IEVR E PMZMRK ERH XS [SVO MR LEVQSR] [MXL XLI IEVXL Economy. The shop has no commercial aim and is not allowed to compete with the local trade. It KIXW EFSYX GYWXSQIVW E HE] FYX XLMW MW GSRWXERXP] MRGVIEWMRK XLEROW XS XLI QIHME HIZIPSTQIRX SJ GYWXSQIV PS]EPX] ERH [SVH SJ QSYXL 8LI EWWSGMEXMSR«W MRGSQI MRGVIEWIH F] MR [LMGL MX VIMRZIWXIH MR XLI WXVYGXYVI -X EPWS FIRI´XW XLI TVSHYGIVW [LS EVI TEMH XLI VMKLX TVMGI JSV XLIMV [SVO

Current situation 8LI TVSNIGX [EW JSYRHIH MR ERH [EW WYTTSVXIH F] XLI )YVSTIER 7SGMEP *YRH JSV MXW XLVII ´VWX ]IEVW %W XLI XVEMRMRK WLSTW EVI VIGSKRMWIH EW XVEMRMRK GIRXVIW XLI 'SRWIMP 6IKMSREP HI 4EVMW contributes funds for each student under 26 and the DDTEFP funds for the older students. All money earned through sale of the products goes to the fair trade producers. TEREM runs four WLSTW MR 4EVMW ERH MXW WYFYVFW ERH [ERXW XS WII LS[ XLI] [SVO MR E RIX[SVO -X LEW [VMXXIR E VITSVX XS LIPT SXLIV SVKERMWEXMSRW WXEVX XLIMV S[R WMQMPEV WGLIQIW -X LEW WSQI SXLIV TVSNIGXW MR XLI TMTIPMRI MRGPYHMRK WIPPMRK JEMV XVEHI TVSHYGXW SRPMRI EX LXXT SQRMFYWRIX SVK

The experience

Design challenges

*IIPMRK TEVX SJ E FMK JEQMP] E KVSYT MR E TSWMXMZI Developing multi-service centres where [SVOMRK EXQSWTLIVI complementary functions can be merged. 0IEVRMRK WOMPPW F] HSMRK ERH KIXXMRK WIPJ GSR´HIRGI XS WYGGIIH MR XLIMV [SVOMRK ERH WSGMEP PMJI

Authors ENSCI Les Ateliers, Paris, France Milamem Abderamane-Dillah, Goliath Dyèvre

115

116 (learning)

A flexible, customised professional day nursery for small groups of infants, at a reasonable price, and with a socialising environment.

Italy, San Donato Milanese, Milan

Nidi in Casa – Nurseries at home &] 'SSTIVEXMZE 7SGMEPI 7SPMHEVMIXk r 4VSKVIWWS 1YRMGMTEPMXk HM 7ER (SREXS 1MPERIWI http://www.comune.sandonatomilanese.mi.it

Solution

The benefits

The service is run for the municipality of San Donato Milanese by a cooperative of 80 members. It started in 1999 to organise services for infants and the disabled. It offers professional nursery care to small groups of two or three children under three years old. Children are assigned to a GLMPHQMRHIV [LS PSSOW EJXIV XLIQ MR LIV S[R LSQI 8LI GEVIVW PSSO EJXIV ERH IHYGEXI XLI GLMPHVIR ERH EPWS XEOI XLIQ XS SXLIV EGXMZMXMIW JSV MRJERXW SVKERMWIH F] XLI PSGEP EYXLSVMX] XS LIPT MR XLIMV social development. The service focuses on two main concepts: having a maximum of three GLMPHVIR TIV LSYWI QEOMRK MX IEWMIV JSV XLI GLMPHQMRHIV XS XEOI XLIQ SYX SR LIV S[R ERH XLEX XLI GLMPHQMRHIVW WLSYPH FI [IPP XVEMRIH 8LI WGLIQI SJJIVW RI[ NSF STTSVXYRMXMIW IWTIGMEPP] JSV MQQMKVERXW ERH E RI[ µI\MFPI ERH TIVWSREPMWIH OMRH SJ GLMPHGEVI 4EVIRXW LEZI XS HVST SJJ ERH TMGO YT XLI FEF] EX XLI GEVIV«W LSYWI ERH TVSZMHI XLI FEF]«W JSSH

Society. 8LMW WIVZMGI FSXL SJJIVW TEVIRXW E µI\MFPI WSPYXMSR XS XLI TVSFPIQ SJ RYVWIV] TPEGIW ERH WYTTSVXW XLI GLMPHVIR«W IEVP] WSGMEPMWEXMSR -X TVSZMHIW NSFW JSV SXLIV[MWI YRIQTPS]IH GLMPHQMRHIVW which was especially important to immigrant residents who otherwise had had to have their GLMPHVIR PSSOIH EJXIV F] VIPEXMZIW PMZMRK JEV E[E] HYI XS HIPE]W KIXXMRK XLIMV ZMWE &] [SVOMRK JSV XLI GSSTIVEXMZI XLI] GER FSXL XEOI GEVI SJ XLIMV S[R GLMPHVIR ERH [SVO JSV XLI GSQQYRMX] Environment. The solution optimises the use of existing private structures for semi-public and FYWMRIWW EGXMZMXMIW ERH VIHYGIW XLI RYQFIV SJ NSYVRI]W FIX[IIR LSQIW ERH RYVWIVMIW Economy. 9WMRK XLI GLMPHQMRHIVW« S[R LSQIW MW E PIWW GSWXP] ERH UYMGOIV WSPYXMSR JSV XLI PSGEP authority than building and administrating new nurseries. The service provides an income to previously unemployed childminders.

Context (IZIPSTIH EW ER MRHYWXVMEP EVIE FEGO MR XLI W 7ER (SREXS 1MPERIWI MW LSQI XS QER] ]SYRK TVSJIWWMSREP TISTPI ERH MQQMKVERXW EPP PMZMRK E[E] JVSQ XLIMV JEQMPMIW ERH XLIMV LIPT MR VEMWMRK XLIMV GLMPHVIR 8LI RYQFIV SJ GLMPHVIR OIITW MRGVIEWMRK ERH XLI I\MWXMRK RYVWIVMIW GERRSX WEXMWJ] XLI GSQQYRMX]«W RYVWIV] RIIHW -R QSVI XLER JEQMPMIW [IVI HIRMIH TPEGIW EX RYVWIVMIW 8LI local authority developed the service with the cooperative in 2000.

Current situation %X ´VWX XLI JEQMPMIW SRP] YWIH XLI WIVZMGI FIGEYWI XLIVI [IVI RS WTEGIW MR XLI I\MWXMRK RYVWIVMIW &YX XSHE] IZIR MJ TPEGIW EVI EZEMPEFPI ERH IZIR XLSYKL XLMW WIVZMGI MW E PMXXPI FMX QSVI I\TIRWMZI WSQI TEVIRXW TVIJIV MX XS RYVWIVMIW ;LEX«W QSVI JEQMPMIW XLEX WXEVX YWMRK XLI WIVZMGI JSV SRI ]IEV YWYEPP] WXMGO XS MX YRXMP XLIMV FEFMIW EVI XLVII -R XLI WIVZMGI WXEVXIH FIMRK STIR XS JSVIMKR VIWMHIRXW ERH YWMRK JSVIMKR GLMPHQMRHIVW [LMGL [EW GSRWMHIVIH ER MQTSVXERX WXIT MR MXW development. Childminders are paid 3.30 euros an hour per child. The costs are shared between XLI PSGEP EYXLSVMX] ERH XLI JEQMP] MW TEMH F] XLI JEQMP] MW TEMH F] XLI PSGEP EYXLSVMX] ERH MW HMZMHIH FIX[IIR XLI X[S EGGSVHMRK XS XLI JEQMP]«W MRGSQI 8LI GSSTIVEXMZI WYTTPMIW RETTMIW ERH GLERKMRK IUYMTQIRX QEXXVIWWIW TYWLGLEMVW LMKL GLEMVW ERH XS]W 8LI MRMXMEXMZI FVMRKW E QSRXLP] MRGSQI JSV XLI GSSTIVEXMZI SJ EVSYRH IYVSW [LMGL MW TEVXP] VIMRZIWXIH in the service.

The experience

Design challenges

*SV TEVIRXW FIMRK EFPI XS LEZI E XVYWXIH homely nursery so nearby. &IMRK EFPI XS XEOI TEVX MR XLI IHYGEXMSR SJ XLIMV S[R GLMPHVIR ERH QEOMRK E WQEPP LSQI FEWIH FYWMRIWW YWMRK XLIMV S[R WOMPPW

Creating dedicated spaces for common services

WYGL EW WQEPP TVMZEXI OMRHIVKEVXIRW GPSWI XS SV MRWMHI VIWMHIRXMEP FYMPHMRKW Developing methods of allowing teachers and parents to communicate in real time.

Authors 4SPMXIGRMGS HM 1MPERS -XEP] &IKYQ %VWIZIR 'LMEVE >ETTEPk

117

118 (learning)

An alternative to traditional kindergartens.

Estonia, Tabasalu

NUBLU Minilasteaed – Mini kindergarten By Ele and Raivo

Solution

The benefits

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«W RIIHW ERH HIWMVIW JSV I\EQTPI GYHHPMRK GLMPHVIR MJ XLI] [ERX MX 8LI OMRHIVKEVXIR [SVOW EVSYRH MRHMZMHYEP GLMPHVIR«W WGLIHYPIW ERH VSYXMRIW

Society. %X XLMW OMRHIVKEVXIR GLMPHVIR KIX MRHMZMHYEP EXXIRXMSR -XW WPSKER MW ª=SY FVMRK ]SYV GLMPH XS E JVMIRH« ERH XLIVI MW MRHIIH E ZIV] JVMIRHP] EXQSWTLIVI 8LIVI EVI WITEVEXI VSSQW JSV TPE]MRK WPIITMRK IEXMRK ERH FEXLMRK 4EVIRXW EVI OITX MRJSVQIH EFSYX XLIMV GLMPHVIR«W EGXMZMXMIW ZME I QEMP ERH EVI WS JEV ZIV] TSWMXMZI EFSYX XLI OMRHIVKEVXIR Environment. ,EZMRK WIZIVEP WQEPP OMRHIVKEVXIRW WTVIEH EVSYRH XLI XS[R MRWXIEH SJ E JI[ FMK SRIW VIHYGIW XLI PIRKXL SJ GEV NSYVRI]W ERH WEZIW TEVIRXW XMQI Economy. &IMRK EFPI XS YWI XLI WIVZMGI SR LSYV SV HEMP] FEWMW [LIRIZIV MX«W RIIHIH GER WEZI families money.

Context 29&09 MW MR 8EFEWEPY MR XLI ,EVOY HMWXVMGX ERH MW QSWXP] WYVVSYRHIH F] TVMZEXI LSYWMRK 8EFEWEPY MW E VIEWSREFP] [IEPXL] WYFYVF NYWX SYXWMHI SJ 8EPPMRR [MXL UYMXI [IPP HIZIPSTIH MRJVEWXVYGXYVI XLIVI EVI JSSH WXSVIW E WGLSSP E OMRHIVKEVXIR E GPMRMG E TLEVQEG] IXG 8LI [EMXMRK PMWX JSV XLI I\MWXMRK OMRHIVKEVXIR [EW QSVI XLER GLMPHVIR [MXL TISTPI IRVSPPMRK XLIMV GLMPHVIR FIJSVI XLI] [IVI even born. This problem was seen as a business opportunity. The idea developed from the model SJ XLI QMGVS OMRHIVKEVXIR [LIVIF] ]SYRK QSXLIVW EX LSQI [MXL XLIMV FEFMIW XEOI MR WSQI QSVI GLMPHVIR XS PSSO EJXIV GVIEXMRK ER MRJSVQEP FYWMRIWW

Current situation )PI ERH 6EMZS [IVI GSRJVSRXIH [MXL XLI TVSFPIQ SJ PEGO SJ TPEGIW MR XLI TYFPMG OMRHIVKEVXIR [LIR XLI] LEH XLIMV S[R GLMPH 8S WSPZI XLI TVSFPIQ XLI] WXEVXIH E FYWMRIWW SJ XLIMV S[R 8LI] JSYRH E WYMXEFPI LSYWI QEHI ER] EPXIVEXMSRW RIIHIH ERH KSX EPP XLI RIGIWWEV] TETIV[SVO JSV IWXEFPMWLMRK E PMGIRWIH OMRHIVKEVXIR 8LI OMRHIVKEVXIR MW WXMPP HIZIPSTMRK 2SRI SJ XLI QEREKIQIRX LEW JSVQEP I\TIVMIRGI ERH EVI [SVOMRK SYX TVSFPIQW EW XLI] KS EPSRK %X XLI TVIWIRX XLIVI EVI WXEJJ ERH GLMPHVIR *IIW TE] JSV XLI WEPEVMIW QIEPW ERH LSYWIOIITMRK

The experience

Design challenges

*SV TEVIRXW FIMRK EFPI XS LEZI E XVYWXIH LSQIP] RYVWIV] WS RIEVF] ERH FIMRK EFPI XS XEOI TEVX MR XLI IHYGEXMSR SJ XLIMV S[R GLMPHVIR ERH QEOMRK E WQEPP LSQI FEWIH FYWMRIWW YWMRK XLIMV S[R WOMPPW

Creating dedicated spaces for common services

WYGL EW WQEPP TVMZEXI OMRHIVKEVXIRW GPSWI XS SV MRWMHI VIWMHIRXMEP FYMPHMRKW Developing methods of allowing teachers and parents to communicate in real time.

Authors )WXSRMER %GEHIQ] SJ %VXW )WXSRME 2EXEPME /SXPNEVSZE 0MMRE /EM 6EMZIX 0MPMER 7SOSPSZE

119

120

socialising

121

122 (socialising)

Promoting shops, restaurants, galleries in a run-down street.

Poland, Krakow

Bracka Street Festival &] 8LI FYWMRIWWIW SJ &VEGOE WXVIIX

Solution 3RGI E ]IEV MR XLI JIWXMZEP XLI S[RIVW SJ XLI WLSTW SJ &VEGOE PIEZI XLIQ STIR E JI[ LSYVW PSRKIV )EGL ]IEV E JIWXMZEP QIIXMRK MW SVKERMWIH [LIVI TISTPI GER TYX XLIQWIPZIW JSV[EVH XS participate in the festival and present what they have to offer. People from the outside are also MRZMXIH MJ XLI] EVI HMVIGXP] EJ´PMEXIH [MXL XLI WXVIIXW WYGL EW GEJq GYWXSQIVW 8LI JIWXMZEP LEW E VMGL EVXMWXMG TVSKVEQ HVE[R YT F] XLI SVKERMWEXMSR ERH TVIWIRXEXMSR SJ XLI [SVOW SJ ]SYRK PSGEP artists affiliated with this place. The festival was born spontaneously and has no permanent TVSKVEQ ;LEX ETTIEVW MR E KMZIR ]IEV HITIRHW PEVKIP] SR XLI MRZIRXMZIRIWW SJ XLI TEVXMGMTERXW % GLEVEGXIVMWXMG JIEXYVI LS[IZIV MW XLEX WSQI XVEGI VIQEMRW EJXIV IZIV] JIWXMZEP WYGL EW XLI 4SIXV] Postbox.

Context

The benefits Society. -R ER IVE SJ WSGMEP EPMIREXMSR ERH ERSR]QMX] WYGL EGXMZMXMIW EVI WSVIP] RIIHIH 8LI] GSYRXIV XLI QEWW WEPIW SJ WYTIVQEVOIXW QEOMRK WLSTTMRK E QSVI GSRWGMSYW I\TIVMIRGI ERH LIPTW MRXIKVEXI WSGMIX] %FSZI EPP MX MRXIKVEXIW XLI GMX] [MXL GYPXYVI ERH ETTIEPW XS E [MHI WTIGXVYQ SJ audiences. Environment. Only slight connection. The festival started off closely tied with environmental EGXMZMWQ FYX RS[ XLI IQTLEWMW MW QSVI TPEGIH SR WLS[MRK SJJ XLI PSGEXMSR ERH MXW LMWXSV] Economy. 8LI JIWXMZEP FVMRKW QER] IGSRSQMG FIRI´XW FSXL MRHMZMHYEP ERH GSPPIGXMZI TVSQSXMRK XLI EVIE ERH MRGVIEWMRK WEPIW -X«W ER I\EQTPI SJ LS[ E PSGEP MRMXMEXMZI GER LEZI E TSWMXMZI MQTEGX FSXL SR XLSWI MRZSPZIH ERH SR XLI IRXMVI GMX] [LMGL FIGSQIW QSVI TVSWTIVSYW ERH EXXVEGXMZI JSV tourists.

&VEGOE ERH +SPIFME EVI WQEPP WXVIIXW PSGEXIH MR XLI GIRXVI SJ /VEOS[ 8LI S[RIVW SJ XLI QENSVMX] SJ XLI WLSTW SR XLI PEXXIV EVI [SQIR [LSWI GSQFMRIH MRXIVIWXW TEWWMSR ERH HIWMVI XS [SVO XSKIXLIV QEHI XLIQ HIGMHI XS KMZI XLI WXVIIX E YRM´IH GLEVEGXIV 8LIVI EVI PSXW SJ MRXMQEXI GEJIW VIWXEYVERXW ERH WQEPP WLSTW [LMGL [MXL XLI TVI [EV GSFFPIWXSRI WXVIIXW PEVKI HMWTPE] [MRHS[W ERH WIZIVEP LYRHVIH ]IEV SPH FYMPHMRKW GVIEXI E YRMUYI GLEVQMRKP] XVERUYMP EXQSWTLIVI 8LI MHIE SJ XLI JIWXMZEP WTVERK JVSQ XLI HIWMVI XS WLEVI XLI EVIE«W I\XVESVHMREV] JEQMP] EXQSWTLIVI 8LI ´VWX JIWXMZEP [EW SVKERMWIH F] XLI 4EVXRIVWLMT JSV XLI )RZMVSRQIRX *SYRHEXMSR QEMRP] HIEPX [MXL ecology and was affiliated with Earth Day. For the past four years it has been organised by three VIWXEYVERX S[RIVW [MXL XLI LIPT SJ TEVXMGMTERXW

Current situation

The experience

Design challenges

8LI ´VWX JIWXMZEP XSSO TPEGI MR .YRI -X MW XLI SRP] IZIRX SJ XLMW WSVX MR /VEOS[ XLEX LETTIRW IZIV] ]IEV -X VIUYMVIW RS JSVQEP EHQMRMWXVEXMSR XS QEOI MX LETTIR -RXIVIWX MW WS KVIEX XLEX other streets are going to organise a festival based on it. The festival has the patronage of the QE]SV ERH XLI GYPXYVEP HITEVXQIRX SJ XLI 'MX] SJ /VEOS[ -X MW MRWGVMFIH MRXS XLI GMX]«W GEPIRHEV SJ GYPXYVEP IZIRXW ERH XLSYKL MX MW SVKERMWIH YWMRK TIVWSREP JYRHW ERH F] EQEXIYVW MX [SVOW ZIV] TVSJIWWMSREPP] IZIV] ]IEV 'SWXW EVI QMRMQEP *MRERGMRK ERH EVVERKMRK GMX] TIVQMWWMSR MW XEOIR GEVI SJ F] XLI GYPXYVEP HITEVXQIRX ERH XLI GMX] ´RERGIW XLI EQTPM´GEXMSR ERH WXEKI IUYMTQIRX %VXMWXW ETTIEV ZSPYRXEVMP] EHZIVXMWMRK MW KMZIR JSV JVII ERH EPP SXLIV GSWXW EVI GSZIVIH F] SRI SJJ contributions paid by participants.

)RNS]MRK XLI YRHIRMEFPI GLEVQ SJ XLI WQEPP shops in the city centre after usual shopping hours. 7IIMRK XLI SRI«W S[R XS[R MR E RI[ PMKLX and meeting people having fun.

Designing light installations for the streets. 1EOMRK MX IEWMIV XS KIX TIVQMWWMSR JVSQ XLI public administration.

Authors %GEHIQ] SJ *MRI %VXW MR /VEOS[ 4SPERH Sabina Francuz

123

124 (socialising)

Readers enjoy new books, and exchange them easily, without having to store them at home.

Germany, Cologne

Buchticket - Book Exchange &] &YGLXMGOIX [[[ FYGLXMGOIX HI

Solution 8LI [IFWMXI &YGLXMGOIX TVSZMHIW E JVII WIVZMGI SJJIVMRK XLSYWERHW SJ FSSO XMXPIW JSV I\GLERKI 9WIVW LEZI XS FIGSQI QIQFIVW SJ &YGLXMGOIX )\GLERKIW EVI XLIR FEWIH SR XVYWX ERH E WS GEPPIH ªFSSO XMGOIX« PMOI E ZMVXYEP GSYTSR [LMGL IREFPIW YWIVW XS GLSSWI E FSSO 3RI XMGOIX MW [SVXL SRI FSSO 8S KIX QSVI XMGOIXW QIQFIVW LEZI XS GSRXVMFYXI FSSOW SJ XLIMV S[R -J WSQIFSH] MW MRXIVIWXIH MR E QIQFIV«W FSSO &YGLXMGOIX WIRHW XLI FSSO S[RIV ER I QEMP ERH XLI] WIRH XLI FSSO MR XLI TSWX

+IVQER] LEW E WTIGMEP PS[ TVMGI JSV FSSO TSWXEKI

Context 1SWX FSSOW [I S[R EVI VIEH SRP] SRGI %JXIV[EVHW XLI] EVI QSWXP] WXSVIH YRYWIH SR XLI WLIPJ +MZMRK XLIQ E[E] EW E TVIWIRX MW RSX TSWWMFPI WS [LEX XS HS [MXL XLIQ# 8LI MHIE SJ XLI FSSO I\GLERKI [EW WXEVXIH F] E KVSYT SJ ´ZI EGXSVW EW E QIERW SJ WLEVMRK FSSOW EQSRK XLIQWIPZIW 8LI] RIZIV MQEKMRIH MX [SYPH FIGSQI WYGL E FMK WYGGIWW [MXL E GSRWXERXP] MRGVIEWMRK RYQFIV SJ QIQFIVW 8LI XIGLRSPSK] [EW SVKERMWIH F] E ]SYRK QIHME EKIRG] [LMGL SVKERMWIH NSF WIEVGLIW on the internet.

The benefits Society. Society benefits from sharing things and the platform for communicating with each other. ;MXLSYX E XIGLRMGEP TPEXJSVQ XLMW WIVZMGI [SYPH RSX FI TSWWMFPI ERH [MXLSYX XLI GSQQYRMX] ERH GLEX JYRGXMSRW TISTPI [SYPH RSX YWI XLI WIVZMGI -R XLMW [E] -8 ERH GSQQYRMX] XSSPW EVI WTVIEHMRK sustainable ideas. Environment. *I[IV FSSOW RIIH XS FI TVSHYGIH 7XEXMWXMGEPP] TISTPI FY] SV FSVVS[ E RI[ FSSO [LIR XLI]«ZI NYWX ´RMWLIH E TVIZMSYW SRI QIERMRK XLEX VIEHMRK IRGSYVEKIW QSVI VIEHMRK &] SJJIVMRK TISTPI IEW] EGGIWW XS RI[ ¨YWIH© FSSOW XLI MHIE SJ YWMRK MRWXIEH SJ S[RMRK HMJJYWIW MRXS TISTPI«W QMRHW Economy. &SSO )\GLERKI WEZIW YWIVW QSRI] KMZMRK XLIQ RI[ FSSOW XS VIEH [MXLSYX LEZMRK XS buy them.

Current situation The service has existed since 2002 and it is unique. Other exchange formats exist but not for FSSOW ERH [MXLSYX XLI MRXIKVEXIH JSVYQW ERH WSGMEP TPEXJSVQW 8LI MRXIVJEGI [SVOW TIVJIGXP] ERH RIIHW ZIV] PMXXPI QEMRXIRERGI ;LIR MX WXEVXIH XLI TVSZMHIVW XLSYKLX XLI] [SYPH LEZI XS MRZIRX ´GXMSREP QIQFIVW XS EXXVEGX SXLIV YWIVW 8LMW [EW RSX RIGIWWEV] ERH F] QIQFIVW [IVI YWMRK XLI TPEXJSVQ EGXMZIP] 8LMW RYQFIV MW WXMPP MRGVIEWMRK [MXLSYX ER] QEVOIXMRK SV EHZIVXMWMRK 8LI WSPYXMSR TVSZMHIVW EVI GSRWMHIVMRK I\XIRHMRK XLI WIVZMGI EFVSEH ERH MRGPYHMRK (:(W WSJX[EVI ERH QIHME TVSHYGXW % RIX[SVO SJ JVMIRHW ERH WYTTSVXIVW TVSZMHIW WIVZMGI ERH [IF LSWXMRK The platform earns no money.

The experience

Design challenges

8EPOMRK XS SXLIV TISTPI EFSYX FSSOW Creating technical platforms to manage the 1IIXMRK TISTPI [MXL WMQMPEV VIEHMRK LEFMXW exchange of goods among people. who tend to have similar interests in general. Defining a system of trade not based on money.

Authors 7GLSSP SJ (IWMKR 9RMZIVWMX] SJ %TTPMIH 7GMIRGIW 'SPSKRI +IVQER]

125

Stefanie has some books that she doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t need anymore... ..and she finds out about the Buchtiket website. She subscribes to the website and receives the bookticket. Now Stefanie can send the books she doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t need to the people that ask for them on the website...

126 (socialising)

Where young people meet, and musicians perform.

Finland, Helsinki

Club Liberté &] 0MFIVXr www.clubliberte.fi

Solution

The benefits

0MFIVXq [EW JSYRHIH F] XLI ]SYRK TISTPI XLIQWIPZIW XS IRVMGL PSGEP GYPXYVI ERH KMZI PSGEP TIVJSVQIVW E TPEGI XS TIVJSVQ -R GVIEXMRK XLI GPYF E KVSYT SJ RSR TVSJIWWMSREPW [SVO XSKIXLIV XS GVIEXI E TVSJIWWMSREP SYXGSQI YWMRK ªWXVIIX HIQSGVEG]« MQTVSZMRK XLI PSGEP IRZMVSRQIRX ERH TVSQSXMRK KVEWWVSSXW GYPXYVI 8LI GPYF SJJIVW EGXMZMXMIW WIZIR HE]W TIV [IIO ERH MW EPVIEH] E FMK TEVX SJ QER] TISTPI«W PMZIW % WQEPP GSQTER] VYRW XLI ´RERGMEP WMHI FYX XLI GPYF«W MRXIVMSV ERH MXW concept were conceived in collaboration with future customers and performers. The result is that QYWMGMERW KIX E WTEGI XLEX WYMXW XLIQ [IPP ERH XLI GMX] HMWXVMGX KIXW XLI RI[ QYWMG ZIRYI XLEX MX LEW FIIR PEGOMRK

Society. 8LI GYPXYVEP WGIRI SJJIVW ]SYRK TISTPI E TPEGI XS FI MRZSPZIH MR WSGMIX] ;LIR E TPEGI MW FYMPX ERH VYR QSVI F] ]SYRK TISTPI XLIQWIPZIW XLI TVSGIWW MW QSVI HIQSGVEXMG ;LIR XLMW MW EPWS HSRI MR E GMX] HMWXVMGX XLEX PEGOW XLI TVSTIV GYPXYVEP EVIREW JSV WQEPP FERH ERH GPYF EGXMZMX] XLI TVS´X MW MRZIWXIH MR JYXYVI I\LMFMXMSRW LETTIRMRKW ERH TSWWMFPI [SVOWTEGIW ;MXL XLI RI[ GPYF the musicians get a nice place to perform in and can easily create new fruitful connections. It also encourages marginal musicians and therefore further aspects of culture.

Context

Economy. ;LIR XLI [SVO MW HSRI EW E KVSYT MX IREFPIW E WSTLMWXMGEXIH VIWYPX XS FI TVSHYGIH JSV E PS[IV FYHKIX 8S VIHYGI GSWXW XLI GPYF WXEJJ LEZI LEH XS [SVO SR E PSGEP PIZIP ERH YWI VIG]GPIH QEXIVMEP EW QYGL EW TSWWMFPI MR XLI QSWX IJJIGXMZI [E] 8LI GPYF KMZIW NSF STTSVXYRMXMIW JSV ZEVMSYW TISTPI ERH GVIEXIW E QSVI HIQSGVEXMG [SVO IRZMVSRQIRX XLVSYKL YWMRK 8SWOS 'EXIVMRK

/EPPMS MW ER SPH GMX] HMWXVMGX SJ ,IPWMROM XLEX YWIH XS FI GLEVEGXIVMWIH F] GLIET FIIV ERH PSXW SJ YRIQTPS]IH QMHHPI EKIH TISTPI (YVMRK XLI W ERH SR[EVHW XLI RYQFIV SJ WXYHIRXW MR XLI EVIE MRGVIEWIH FYX XLI RYQFIV SJ GPYFW ERH ZIRYIW JSV XLIQ LEH RSX 8LI FEVW EVI WXMPP XEVKIXIH QSWXP] XS XLI SPH GYWXSQIV FEWI ERH QER] ]SYRK TISTPI LEZI EHETXIH XS XLI WMXYEXMSR ,S[IZIV XLI GLERGI I\MWXIH JSV GLERKI ERH QER] PSGEPW JIPX QSXMZEXIH IRSYKL XS XEOI EGXMSR

Environment. Only slight connection. There are no direct advantages or disadvantages for the IRZMVSRQIRX XLI IQTLEWMW MW QSVI TPEGIH SR WSGMIXEP FIRI´XW

Current situation 8LI GPYF WXEVXIH MR 2SZIQFIV ERH MW EPVIEH] VYRRMRK EX MXW JYPPIWX GETEFMPMX] 8LIVI EVI TPERW XS I\TERH FYX XLI KVSYT [ERXW XS QEOI WYVI MX GER VYR XLI GPYF EJJSVHEFP] -X MW RSX XLI SRP] SRI MR *MRPERH ERH MW TEVX SJ E KVS[MRK TLIRSQIRSR 1ER] YVFER HMWXVMGXW PEGO TVSTIV GYPXYVEP WIVZMGIW ERH XLMW MHIE [LMGL WXEVXW MR XLI KVEWW VSSXW MW FEWIH SR XLI EGXYEP PSGEP RIIHW 8LMW TLIRSQIRSR MW EPVIEH] I\TERHMRK MRXS XLI GYPXYVEP GETMXEPW SJ )YVSTI ERH XLI 97%

The experience

Design challenges

(MWGSZIVMRK YRORS[R QYWMGMERW ERH GYXXMRK IHKI music. Being part of underground initiatives and culture.

Designing bars and venues with new collaborative patterns of customerowner relationships.

Authors 9RMZIVWMX] SJ %VX ERH (IWMKR ,IPWMROM *MRPERH Tatu Marttila

127 ‘Commercial enterprises offer service based on the biggest profit... This has led to low level of cultural activity. Club Libertè started recently and is already enriching the local cultural scene’

128 (socialising)

People are helped to exchange second-hand items.

Poland

Exchange corner in radio Krakow &] 6EHMS /VEOS[ [[[ VEHMSOVEOS[ TP

Solution

The benefits

Exchange Corner is a radio program that enables listeners to get rid of used or unneeded TSWWIWWMSRW SV I\GLERKI XLIQ JSV XLMRKW SV WIVZMGIW XLI] HS RIIH *SV I\EQTPI ER SPH JVMHKI GER FI I\GLERKIH JSV E WIWWMSR SJ [MRHS[ GPIERMRK TMERS PIWWSRW JSV JSSH IXG [MXL WIVZMGIW SR SJJIV MRGPYHMRK LSQI TEMRXMRK XYXSVMRK SV FYMPHMRK EWWMWXERGI 8LI TVSKVEQ MW IWTIGMEPP] MQTSVXERX JSV SPH TISTPI ERH LIPTW PMWXIRIVW QEOI JVMIRHW 8LI TVSKVEQ MW FVSEHGEWX 7EXYVHE]W FIX[IIR EQ ERH TQ /V]WX]RE ;SNGMO VIEHW SYX XLI GPEWWM´IH EHW [LMGL WLI KEXLIVW JVSQ XLI XIPITLSRI GEPPW XLIR WIPIGXW QEXGLMRK SJJIVW ERH TYXW MRXIVIWXIH TEVXMIW MR XSYGL 1ER] SJ XLSWI ªQEXGLIW« develop into friendships. An essential part of the initiative is the elimination of money from all XVERWEGXMSRW WS IZIR XLSWI [MXL PMXXPI QSRI] GER TEVXMGMTEXI 8LI VEHMS HSIW RSX SZIVWII XLI I\GLERKI MXWIPJ SRP] JEGMPMXEXIW MX

Society. -R ER YVFER WSGMIX] [MXL E PEVKI TSTYPEXMSR PSGEP VEHMS QEOIW I\GLERKI IEW] VEXMSREP ERH TVEGXMGEP -X IREFPIW TISTPI EPWS WMGO ERH FIHVMHHIR JSV [LSQ PMWXIRMRK XS XLI VEHMS QE] FI XLI SRP] [E] XS VIGIMZI MRJSVQEXMSR XS ´RH SYX EFSYX MXIQW XS I\GLERKI ERH EGUYMVI SJXIR IWWIRXMEP SFNIGXW F] TLSRI EW XLI] EVI YREFPI XS PIEZI XLI LSYWI

Context Radio has always been a good way of telling a large group of people about an event or social EGXMSR /VEOS[«W VIWMHIRXW EXXEGL E KVIEX HIEP SJ MQTSVXERGI XS XVEHMXMSR ERH LMWXSV] 8LI MRXMXMEXMZI [EW FIKYR F] 1W ;zNGMO [LS WE[ XLI RIIH EQSRK XLI PIWW [IEPXL] QIQFIVW SJ WSGMIX] JSV E WQEPP exchange trade as a way of acquiring necessary but often expensive equipment. This initiative met [MXL KVIEX ETTVSZEP ERH XYVRIH SYX XS FI YWIJYP JSV XLI QENSVMX] SJ XLI PSGEP VIWMHIRXW )ZIV]SRI GER KIX VMH SJ YRRIGIWWEV] MXIQW XS QYXYEP WEXMWJEGXMSR ERH MR HSMRK WS QEOI RI[ JVMIRHWLMTW

Environment. 8LI I\GLERKI VEHMS TVSKVEQQI KMZIW E WIGSRH PMJI XS YRYWIH SFNIGXW &] SJJIVMRK TISTPI IEW] EGGIWW XS RI[ ¨YWIH© MXIQW XLI MHIE SJ YWMRK MRWXIEH SJ S[RMRK HMJJYWIW MRXS TISTPI«W minds. Economy. *VSQ E ´RERGMEP ERH IGSRSQMG TIVWTIGXMZI XLMW EGXMZMX] MW TIIVPIWW EW MX VIUYMVIW RS financing or sponsorship yet facilitates honest exchanges. The cashless nature of the transactions MW EPWS JVSQ E ´RERGMEP TIVWTIGXMZI ER MRXIVIWXMRK EPXIVREXMZI QSRI] W]WXIQ 8LI KVIEXIWX YWIVW SJ XLI WIVZMGI EVI XLI PIWW [IEPXL] VIWMHIRXW JEQMPMIW [MXL QER] GLMPHVIR SV XLI HMWEFPIH ;I GER EWGIVXEMR XLMW JVSQ XLI KVIEX RYQFIV SJ VIUYIWXW JSV GVMFW SVXLSTEIHMG IUYMTQIRX [LIIPGLEMVW and pushchairs for children.

Current situation )\GLERKI 'SVRIV LEW FIIR VYRRMRK WMRGI ERH MW XLI SRP] I\GLERKI WGLIQI MR XLI [SVPH XS QEOI YWI SJ VEHMS ERH XLI SRP] SRI XS IPMQMREXI QSRI] VIP]MRK I\GPYWMZIP] SR ER LSRIWX SJXIR symbolic exchange. Its many years of operation and the number of exchanges testifies to the LYKI TSTYPEVMX] SJ XLMW WSVX SJ YRHIVXEOMRK ERH XS [LEX HIKVII MX LEW FIIR EGGITXIH %PXLSYKL XLI WIVZMGI MW EX ER EHZERGIH WXEKI SJ HIZIPSTQIRX EJXIV QER] MRGEVREXMSRW ERH SVKERMWEXMSREP GLERKIW MX GSYPH FI IZIR FIXXIV [MXLSYX FIGSQMRK GSQQIVGMEPMWIH ERH VIQEMRMRK ER MRXMQEXI ERH [IPP STIVEXMRK MRMXMEXMZI 8LI SRP] TIVWSR TEMH MW ER IQTPS]II SJ 6EHMS /VEOz[ %R] TSWWMFPI GSWXW EWWSGMEXIH [MXL I\GLERKIW WYGL EW XVERWTSVX EVI RSX QSRMXSVIH F] XLI VEHMS WXEXMSR [LMGL is solely a go-between.

The experience

Design challenges

The novelty of the radio providing unexpected answers to personal needs. )RNS]MRK WSGMEP MRXIVEGXMSR [LMPI WSPZMRK E TVSFPIQ

Designing sustainable delivery services from user-to-user.

Authors %GEHIQ] SJ *MRI %VXW MR /VEOS[ 4SPERH (SQMRMOE /SRMIG^OS[WOE 1EKHEPIRE 1MWEG^IO

Mr Waclaw wants to exchange his tape-recorder, so he calls Radio Krakow on Saturday. Information about the tape-recorder is broadcasted during Exchange Corner. Ms Maria offers her dictionaries in exchange for the tape-recorder... ...Mr Waclaw and Ms Maria Both were contacted via radio and a meeting arranged. Finally and easily the exchange take place.

129

130 (socialising)

Environmental art and design exhibitions among nature.

Finland, Helsinki

Happihuone – ‘Oxygen Room’ cultural greenhouse By O2 Finland http://o2.nettisivut.fi

Solution ª,ETTMLYSRI« KVIIRLSYWI ªS\]KIR VSSQ« ERH KEVHIR MR ,IPWMROM GMX] GIRXVI WIVZIW EW E JSVYQ JSV IRZMVSRQIRXEP EVX ERH HIWMKR I\LMFMXMSRW [SVOWLSTW ERH PIGXYVIW -X SJJIVW GMX] H[IPPIVW VEVI STTSVXYRMXMIW XS WII PIEVR EFSYX ERH IZIR FY] ERH YWI ZIKIXEFPIW ERH TPERXW ERH XS ZMI[ unusual art and design products not in mainstream shops and galleries. The greenhouse offers the STTSVXYRMX] JSV ZEVMSYW 2+3W ERH KVEWWVSSXW KVSYTW XS HMWWIQMREXI XLIMV [SVO XSS )GS HIWMKRIVW ERH IRZMVSRQIRXEP EVXMWXW YWI MX JSV I\LMFMXMSRW ERH SVKERMG VIXEMPIVW ERH GEXIVIVW YWI MX XS STIVEXI E GEJq 2+3W YWI MX JSV PIGXYVIW ERH HMWGYWWMSRW ERH IHYGEXSVW YWI MX JSV [SVOWLSTW 8LI EMQ SJ XLI WSPYXMSR MW ´VWX XS TVSZMHI E µI\MFPI GYPXYVEP TPEXJSVQ ªWYWXEMREFPI« EGXMZMXMIW ERH WIGSRHP] XS IHYGEXI XLI KIRIVEP TYFPMG SR WYWXEMREFPI PMJIWX]PIW ERH HIWMKR JYRGXMSREP TPERXW ERH alternative art and artists. It also acts as an urban garden oasis where visitors can relax with a fair XVEHI HVMROW

The main source of financing is grants from the city and state cultural funds. Exhibitors must pay VIRX JSV I\LMFMXMSR WTEGI ERH MRHMZMHYEPW GER VIRX XLI FYMPHMRK ERH WEYRE JSV TVMZEXI JYRGXMSRW :MWMXSVW GER FY] GSJJII XIE ERH WREGOW JVSQ XLI GEJq [LMGL STIVEXIW EX GSWX

Context

Environment. There are many educational lessons for visitors on the environmental benefits of JYRGXMSREP TPERXW WYGL EW µE\ ERH TPERXW JSV REXYVEP H]IW SR HIWMKR JSV WYWXEMREFMPMX] XLVSYKL I\LMFMXMSRW ERH SR XLI IRZMVSRQIRXEP ZEPYI SJ XLI EVIE [LMGL MW E TSTYPEV RIWXMRK WMXI JSV [EXIV birds.

8LI KVIIRLSYWI WMXW MR ER YRHIVHIZIPSTIH TEVO VIKMSR MR ,IPWMROM GMX] GIRXVI [LMGL GSRXVSZIVWMEPP] QE] FI FYMPX YT MR XLI RI\X JI[ ]IEVW 8LI TVSNIGX FIKER MR [LIR ,IPWMROM [EW SRI SJ )YVSTI«W 'YPXYVEP 'ETMXEPW 3RI [IPP ORS[R TEMRXIV WYKKIWXIH FYMPHMRK E KVIIRLSYWI SYX SJ SPH [MRHS[W YWI MX EW ER I\LMFMXMSR WTEGI ERH GEJq [MXL E WYVVSYRHMRK KEVHIR SJ EPPSXQIRXW 8LI RI\X ]IEV MX [EW RSX HMWQERXPIH EW TPERRIH FYX MRWXIEH FSYKLX ERH YWIH F] E ;MRXIV 0MKLX JIWXMZEP ERH XLIR F] S *MRPERH E RSR TVS´X EWWSGMEXMSR SJ WYWXEMREFMPMX] SVMIRXIH HIWMKRIVW [LMGL LEW GSRXMRYIH XS SVKERMWI IGS HIWMKR ERH IRZMVSRQIRXEP EVX I\LMFMXMSRW STIVEXI XLI GEJq SVKERMWI PIGXYVIW ERH [SVOWLSTW TVSZMHI E ZIRYI JSV QYWMG HERGI ERH XLIEXVI ERH WIPP TMGO ]SYV S[R organic vegetables.

Current situation The greenhouse and garden began life as part of a large city art garden. The scheme is interesting IWTIGMEPP] FIGEYWI SJ MXW XIQTSVEPMX] MRXIRHIH EW E LEPJ ]IEV TVSNIGX XLI KVIIRLSYWI WXMPP WXERHW and continues to motivate artists and cultural actors to exploit its location. It is also difficult for the KIRIVEP TYFPMG XS ªGPEWWMJ]« MW MX E VIEP JYRGXMSREP KVIIRLSYWI# 3V E KEVHIR# %R EVX TMIGI# % GEJq# % KEPPIV]# 8LMW QEOIW MX ER MRXVMKYMRK TPEGI )EGL WYQQIV SJ STIVEXMSR MX SJJIVW HMJJIVIRX WIVZMGIW EW the management and operation depend on the individual/s in charge that particular year. 'IVXEMR SJJIVMRKW WYGL EW XLI GEJq WIVZMGI SV XLI XI\XMPI [SVOWLSTW VIQEMR VIPEXMZIP] GSRWMWXIRX however.

The benefits Society. 8LI KVIIRLSYWI TVSZMHIW XLI GMX] VIWMHIRXW [MXL ER YRYWYEP TPEGI XS ZMWMX ERH VIPE\ XS PIEVR EFSYX ERH WSQIXMQIW FY] ZIKIXEFPIW ERH TPERXW ERH XS WII I\LMFMXMSRW +VSYTW WYGL EW JEMV XVEHI EWWSGMEXMSRW GER TVSQSXI JEMV XVEHI TVSHYGXW XLVSYKL XLI GEJq %VXMWXW QE] HMWTPE] XLIMV [SVO % HVE[FEGO MW XLEX XLI ZSPYRXEV] [SVO VIUYMVIW E LMKL PIZIP SJ QSXMZEXMSR SR XLI TEVX SJ QIQFIVW

Economy. 8LI GEJq W]WXIQ KMZIW MRGSQI ERH TYFPMGMX] XS TEVXMGMTEXMRK TEVXRIVW -RHMZMHYEPW WYGL EW WXYHIRXW ERH EVXMWXW KEMR WYQQIV IQTPS]QIRX XLVSYKL XLI IQTPS]QIRX SJ´GI«W [SVO TPEGIQIRX TVSKVEQQI )\LMFMXMRK EVXMWXW QE] WIPP XLIMV [SVO % HVE[FEGO MW XLEX XLI KVIIRLSYWI QYWX WYVZMZI on a grant-by-grant basis.

The experience

Design challenges

'SRXVMFYXMSR XS GYPXYVI ERH XS XEOMRK GEVI SJ SRI«W S[R ERH GSQQSR environment and feeling responsible for it. )RNS]MRK E PSZIP] TPEGI [LMPI EXXIRHMRK events and debates about nature and environment.

Developing new ways of organising cultural offerings EPSRK XLIQIW WYGL EW XLI IRZMVSRQIRXEP MWWYI Developing and enhancing the beauty of unusual TPEGIW XS EXXVEGX MRMXMEXMZIW ZMWMXSVW ERH FYWMRIWW Creatively integrating different activities to generate IRSYKL TISTPI ERH MRXIVIWX XS IRWYVI E ZIRYI«W survival.

Authors 9RMZIVWMX] SJ %VX ERH (IWMKR ,IPWMROM *MRPERH 'MRH] /SLXEPE

In spring the planting at the greenhouse starts: onions, flax fields, flowers, vegetables, herbs, while the peat smoke sauna is heated once or twice a week. All summer visitors come for a cup of coffee and a game of darts. Exhibition openings throughout the summer are very popular and even educational.

The cultural greenhouse brings gardening and plants, and consumption of art, products, and culture together in an entirely new way, and teaches the urban public unusual lessons on nature. Its success lies also in its beauty, the aesthetics of the greenhouse and garden.

131

132 (socialising)

Elderly people spend time together in a new facility.

The Netherlands, Eindhoven

Meerhoven Senior Club By Senior Club

Solution

The benefits

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«W RS QIQFIVWLMT JII

Society. 6YRRMRK XLIMV S[R GPYF OIITW WIRMSVW MRZSPZIH ERH EGXMZI MR WSGMIX] 8LI EHZERXEKI XS society is increased social interaction and improved atmosphere on the new housing estate. %PXLSYKL XLMW TVSKVEQ [EW SVMKMREPP] SRP] JSV TIRWMSRIVW I\GITXMSRW EVI QEHI JSV SXLIVW WYGL EW XLSWI MRGETEFPI SJ [SVOMRK Environment. %PXLSYKL XLI QEMR TYVTSWI MW WSGMEP MRXIKVEXMSR XLI GPYF WLS[W IRZMVSRQIRXEP FIRI´XW WYGL EW VI YWMRK E PSGEXMSR ERH QEXIVMEPW JVSQ TVIZMSYW EGXMZMXMIW Economy. The Senior Club creates an affordable way for seniors to meet other people and get SYX SJ XLIMV LSYWIW JSV E ZIV] JI[ QSRI] (VMROW GER FI FSYKLX JSV GSWX TVMGI ERH XLIVI«W RS QIQFIVWLMT JII EPPS[MRK IZIR XLSWI SR E WQEPP TIRWMSR XS NSMR MR

Context %W TISTPI KVS[ SPHIV XLIMV WSGMEP RIX[SVOW SJXIR JEPP ETEVX *VMIRHW SV TEVXRIVW HMI ERH MX MW RSX IEW] XS FYMPH YT RI[ JVMIRHWLMTW# >ERHVMNO MW E RI[ LSYWMRK IWXEXI MR )MRHLSZIR FYMPH SR E JSVQIV EVQ] EMV FEWI 0MOI QER] RI[ LSYWMRK IWXEXIW MX RS[ PEGOW PMZIPMRIWW ERH JEGMPMXMIW ERH XLI EXQSWTLIVI MW WXMPP PMOI E FYMPHMRK WMXI 8LI SPH EVQ] FEVVEGOW GSZIVIH [MXL KVEJ´XM RS[ FIMRK YWIH EW E WOEXI FS[P GSRXVEWXW [MXL XLI HYPP XIVVEGIH LSYWIW SJ XLI RI[ HMWXVMGX *EGMPMXMIW PMOI WYTIV QEVOIXW GSQQYRMX] FYMPHMRKW ERH WTSVXW GIRXVIW [MPP FI RSX VIEPMWIH MQQIHMEXIP] 7MRGI IZIV]SRI MW RI[ MR XLMW RIMKLFSYVLSSH ERH RS SRI ORS[W IEGL SXLIV E WQEPP KVSYT SJ IPHIVP] TISTPI XSSO the initiative to set up a place to meet and socialize.

Current situation The Senior Club has been running since February 2004. Although there are similar schemes XLVSYKLSYX XLI 2IXLIVPERHW EW [IPP EW EFVSEH XLMW SRI MW YRMUYI JSV FIMRK WIX YT F] XLI YWIVW XLIQWIPZIW VEXLIV XLER F] ER SPH TISTPI«W LSQI JSV I\EQTPI &IGEYWI XLI HMWXVMGX MW WXMPP KVS[MRK ERH RSX XSXEPP] SGGYTMIH ]IX XLI 7IRMSV 'PYF [MPP KVS[ MR XLI JYXYVI ERH [MPP RIIH E PEVKIV PSGEXMSR ERH QSVI JEGMPMXMIW 4EVXMGMTERXW TE] EVSYRH GIRXW JSV WREGOW [LMGL QEOIW E WQEPP TVS´X WTIRX SR JSV I\EQTPI E JVII 'LVMWXQEW PYRGL 1IQFIVW QEMRXEMR XLI PSGEXMSR ERH JEGMPMXMIW XLIQWIPZIW F] XYVR )RIVK] [EXIV ERH VIRX EVI TEMH F] XLI PSGEP EYXLSVMX]

The experience

Design challenges

&IMRK EFPI XS GSRXVMFYXI XS WSGMIX] VYRRMRK E service which supports other people. Meeting other people with the same expectations and needs in terms of leisure time.

Designing buildings which allow social EGXMZMXMIW MR GSQQSR WTEGIW RSX HVMZIR by business needs.

Authors 89 )MRHLSZIR 8LI 2IXLIVPERHW .SVER ZER %EVH 1EVMIOI ZER 0MIQTH ;MPPIOI ZER HIV 0MRHIR &VEQ ZER HIV :PMWX

133

134 (socialising)

Elderly people support each other, earn extra income and dine out cheaply.

Estonia, Tallinn

Omaabi – Self help community By A group of elderly people

Solution

The benefits

8LI WIPJ LIPT GSQQYRMX] SJ IPHIVP] VIXMVIH TISTPI VYRW E WLST ERH E PMXXPI HMRIV TVSZMHMRK STTSVXYRMXMIW XS WSGMEPMWI WIPP LSQI QEHI LERHMGVEJXW ERH IEX SYX JSV XLI PS[IWX TVMGIW MR XS[R 8LI GSQQYRMX] FIKER EW E JI[ TIRWMSRIVW QEOMRK LERHMGVEJXW XSKIXLIV ERH WIPPMRK XLIQ [LIR XLI] KSX XLI GYVVIRX FYMPHMRK -X RS[ LEW TIRWMSRIV QIQFIVW -XW FYMPHMRK RIEV XLI GMX] GIRXVI [MXL E KVSYRH µSSV EGXMRK EW LERHMGVEJX WLST GEJIXIVME ERH LEMVHVIWWIV 8LI GEJIXIVME MW [LIVI IPHIVP] ERH PSRIP] TISTPI QIIX YT LIEV PMZI QYWMG SRGI SV X[MGI E [IIO ERH IEX ZIV] GLIETP] 8LI TVMGIW MR XLI LERHMGVEJX WLST EVI EPWS PS[ 1SWX SJ XLI KSSHW EVI QEHI F] QIQFIVW [MXL WSQI JVSQ SYXWMHI GVEJXWQIR FYX XLI WLST [MPP SRP] WIPP FIEYXMJYP XLMRKW 7IPJ LIPT [EW GVIEXIH XS KMZI SPH TISTPI E RI[ PIEWI SJ PMJI ERH E RI[ WIRWI SJ ªJEQMP]« 7IPJ ,IPT 'SQQYRMX] MW EP[E]W PSSOMRK JSV SYXWMHI LIPT FIGEYWI XLIMV ´RERGMEP WMXYEXMSR MW RSX UYMXI IRSYKL XS OIIT KSMRK MRHITIRHIRXP]

Society. )PHIVP] TISTPI [LS JIIP MR KSSH WLETI VMGL MR I\TIVMIRGI GER OIIT FIMRK EGXMZI ERH useful in the neighbourhood. They can help others and the others help them. A very important XEWO SJ XLI 7IPJ ,IPT 'SQQYRMX] MW QEMRXEMRMRK )WXSRMER REXMSREP LERHMGVEJXW OIITMRK XLI XVEHMXMSR KSMRK ERH TEWWMRK ORS[PIHKI XS ]SYRKIV TISTPI 2S[ MX LEW NSMRIH XLI )9 )WXSRME E WQEPP REXMSR RIIHW XS OIIT MXW S[R GYPXYVEP XVEHMXMSRW ERH REXMSREP GLEVEGXIV Environment. 8LI LERHMGVEJXW YWI PSGEP ERH XVEHMXMSREP QEXIVMEPW ERH VIWSYVGIW ERH XLIMV manufacture suits the local environment. Economy. )WXSRME«W GSWX SJ PMZMRK MW MRGVIEWMRK ERH QSWX SPH TISTPI MR )WXSRME EVI ZIV] TSSV 3QEEFM IREFPIW GSRWYQIVW XS FY] XLMRKW JSV GLIETIV TVMGIW ERH XLI IPHIVP] GER FY] GLIET JSSH ERH WIVZMGIW ERH KIX FIRI´XW JVSQ XLIMV [SVO

Context Estonia is at a political stage when lots of the population feel insecure. Pensioners and widows find MX IWTIGMEPP] HMJ´GYPX XS ´RH XLIMV TPEGI MR XSHE]«W JEWX QSZMRK WSGMIX] (YVMRK XLI TSPMXMGEP GLERKIW SJ XLI TEWX ]IEVW EKS WSGMIX] LEW FIGSQI QSVI JSGYWIH SR XLI ]SYRK 8LI [IPJEVI W]WXIQ MW not very highly developed – pensions are low and lot of old people have financial problems.

Current situation 8LI SVKERMWEXMSR LEW FIIR KSMRK WMRGI ERH MW [SVOMRK [IPP ;LIXLIV MX GER OIIT KSMRK MR XLI JYXYVI HITIRHW SR QSRI] -J XLI KSZIVRQIRX GSYPH KMZI NYWX E PMXXPI WYTTSVX XLI KVSYT [SYPH LEZI RS TVSFPIQW GEVV]MRK SR 4VS´X MW SRP] QEHI MR XLI LERHMGVEJX WLST [LMGL OIITW E TIVGIRXEKI SJ XLI TVMGI XS TE] JSV IPIGXVMGMX] ERH ´VI[SSH JSV LIEXMRK )ZIV] QIQFIV [SVOW MR XLI WLST JSV JVII EPXLSYKL XLI] QMKLX KIX WSQI JSSH WXEQTW JSV XLI GEJIXIVME ERH HSIW E WLMJX XLVII SV JSYV XMQIW a month.

The experience

Design challenges

*IIPMRK YWIJYP MR XLI WSGMIX] VYRRMRK E service which supports other people. Meeting other people with the same expectations and needs in terms of PIMWYVI XMQI XLSYKL RSX LEZMRK XS HS anything special.

Designing easy-to-use handicraft tools for amateurs. Developing multiservice meeting centres for retired TISTPI MRXIKVEXMRK HMJJIVIRX EGXMZMXMIW ERH STIR XS the all residents. Designing buildings which allow social activities in GSQQSR WTEGIW RSX HVMZIR F] FYWMRIWW RIIHW

Authors )WXSRMER %GEHIQ] SJ %VXW )WXSRME 1EVMW /SVVSP /VMWXE 8LSQWSR

Everyone in the community has similar problems and outlook and everybody has the will to help and care. Most of the members are welleducated women who have worked as specialists and scientists. Together they have Christmas, birthdays or other celebrations: the attitude is to get over personal problems and give happiness to others.

135

‘There are many things in life that we do not think about. But these things may mean very much to someone. These things can be like the meaning of life. It was a lovely surprise for us to see old people with a smile in their eyes and positive attitude. The view from a designer – there are many aspects in life that we do not think about. Design is not just making life more beautiful – design also includes social, artificial and cultural tasks. The main task for the designer is to ask himself – is there any way I can help someone?’

Old, sick and disabled people are supported in daily life.

136 (socialising)

Poland, Krakow

Raciborowice Senior Club By Senior Club association

Solution

The benefits

8LI 7IRMSV«W 'PYF TVSZMHIW E TPEGI JSV QEOMRK JVMIRHW ERH WLEVMRK I\TIVMIRGIW ERH QIQSVMIW 8LI QEMR EMQ SJ XLI MRMXMEXMZI MW XS SVKERMWI XLI WTEVI XMQI SJ IPHIVP] ERH MPP TISTPI [LS EJXIV [SVOMRK LEVH JSV QER] ]IEVW SJXIR SR JEVQW LEZI WSQI JVII XMQI The pensioners and retired people meet every so often in a parish hall made available for them. 3ZIV XIE ERH LSQIQEHI GEOIW XLI] XEOI TEVX MR TIVJSVQERGIW ERH WXEKI WLS[W [MXL WOIXGLIW songs and dance. The club organisers field trips and even pilgrimages. They also organise care of XLI PSRIP] ERH LSYWI FSYRH XSKIXLIV 8LMW MRMXMEXMZI GEQI EFSYX XLEROW XS ;MOXSVME 1]WPM[MIG E Michalowice regional councillor.

Society. 8LMW WGLIQI TPE]W E ZEPYEFPI VSPI MR WSGMIX] 8LI EXXIQTX XS KMZI XLI IPHIVP] SJXIR I\GPYHIH ERH GSRWMHIVIH IGSRSQMGEPP] YWIPIWW E RI[ PIEWI SJ PMJI MW E KVIEX WSGMEP WIVZMGI 8LIMV JEQMPMIW EVI EPWS KPEH JSV XLIQ XS LEZI E [E] SJ WTIRHMRK XLIMV XMQI EW MX FSXL KMZIW XLI JEQMPMIW E FVIEO ERH WEZIW XLI IPHIVP] JVSQ WXEKREXMRK ERH JIIPMRK YWIPIWW [LMGL PIEHW XS HITVIWWMSR ERH infirmity. Environment. Only slight connection. There are no direct advantages or disadvantages for the IRZMVSRQIRX XLI IQTLEWMW MW QSVI TPEGIH SR WSGMIXEP FIRI´XW Economy. The club is self-sufficient in both organisational and financial terms.

Context 6EGMFSVS[MGI MW E WQEPP JEVQMRK GSQQYRMX] [MXL E TSTYPEXMSR SJ EVSYRH OQ JVSQ /VEOS[ 8LI GYPXYVI ERH WSGMEP PMJI MW GSRGIRXVEXIH QEMRP] EVSYRH XLI TEVMWL GLYVGL [LMGL EPWS STIVEXIW EW E WQEPP GYPXYVEP GIRXVI 8LI VIWMHIRXW IMXLIV [SVO EW JEVQIVW SV GSQQYXI XS /VEOS[ WS MX MW QEMRP] IPHIVP] TISTPI SV TIRWMSRIVW [LS LEZI JVII XMQI 8LMW MW E ZIV] WQEPP TPEGI WS LEW JI[ STTSVXYRMXMIW JSV GYPXYVEP SV WSGMEP PMJI 8LI IPHIVP] HIWTMXI FIMRK LIEPXL] ERH TSXIRXMEPP] EGXMZI used to spend most of their time in their homes.

Current situation 8LI 7IRMSV 'PYF LEW FIIR VYRRMRK WMRGI 8LIVI EVI WMQMPEV WGLIQIW EPP EVSYRH XLI [SVPH WMRGI MX MW E REXYVEP WSVX SJ EGXMZMX] JSV XLI IPHIVP] FYX MR 4SPERH XLI] EVI VEVI 8LI TIRWMSRIVW« GMVGPI MRMXMEXMZI MR 6EGMFSVS[MGI LEW WS JEV SRP] FIIR VITPMGEXIH MR WQEPP XS[RW IZIR XLSYKL EHQMRMWXVEXMZI EYXLSVMXMIW EVI LETT] XS WYTTSVX ERH IZIR WTSRWSV WYGL GPYFW 8LI GMVGPI MR 6EGMFSVS[MGI [SVOW QEMRP] XLEROW XS XLI ZIV] PS[ FYX VIKYPEV GSRXVMFYXMSRW SJ MXW QIQFIVW EFSYX ^P ! )YVS E ]IEV FYX MX MW EPWS WYTTSVXIH F] XLI EHQMRMWXVEXMZI EYXLSVMXMIW ERH XLI TEVMWL GLYVGL MR [LMGL MX STIVEXIW 8LI GMVGPI LEW RS JYPP XMQI WXEJJ ERH RSFSH] QEOIW ER] money from its activities.

The experience

Design challenges

*IIPMRK YWIJYP MR XLI WSGMIX] VYRRMRK E service which supports other people. Meeting other people with the same expectations and needs in terms of leisure time.

Designing buildings which allow social activities MR GSQQSR WTEGIW RSX HVMZIR F] FYWMRIWW RIIHW Developing services to employ elderly people with PSRK [SVO I\TIVMIRGI MR EGXMZMXMIW [LMGL GER IZIR QEOI XLIQ QSRI]

Authors %GEHIQ] SJ *MRI %VXW MR /VEOS[ 4SPERH (SQMRMOE /SRMIG^OS[WOE 1EKHEPIRE 1MWEG^IO

137

Bronislaw says that he started taking part in the circle because of the desire to help others, as well as to fill in the gap following the death of his wife. Despite the fact that he is so advanced in age, he is healthy enough to devote his time and energy.

138 (socialising)

People can share thoughts and opinions nationwide in real time.

The Netherlands, Eindhoven, and Worldwide

Weblogs Solution

The benefits

A weblog is a site on the internet that is regularly updated. The first weblogs started as a simple [IFWMXI XS UYMGOP] WXSVI MRJSVQEXMSR ERH WSQIXMQIW XLI GVIEXSVW [SYPH EHH E TIVWSREP STMRMSR Nowadays they have evolved into a way for many users to express opinions. Postings from YWIVW VERKI JVSQ WXYTMH SV IZIR SJJIRWMZI TMGXYVIW ERH QSZMIW XS WIVMSYW IZIR WGMIRXMÂ´G EVXMGPIW ERH GSPYQRW 4ISTPI GER ERSR]QSYWP] I\TVIWW XLIMV STMRMSRW JIIPMRKW ERH FIPMIJW XS E PEVKI EYHMIRGI XLEROW XS XLI MRXIVRIX

Society. ;IFPSKW LEZI LEH UYMXI ER MQTEGX SR WSGMIX] ERH KMZI PEVKI RYQFIVW SJ TISTPI XLI chance to be heard by a big and varied audience. The potential for discussion leaves users better informed. Society can benefit because people can start discussions on the internet about things XLEX FSXLIV XLIQ ERH FI LIEVH MRWXIEH SJ EP[E]W PMWXIRMRK

Context 'SRZIRXMSREP QIHME WYGL EW RI[WTETIVW ERH XIPIZMWMSR HSRÂ«X SJJIV YWIVW ER IEW] [E] XS I\TVIWW STMRMSRW ERH XS IRKEKI MR HMWGYWWMSR [MXL SXLIVW ;IFPSKW WXEVXIH FIGEYWI TISTPI [ERXIH XS WLEVI EX Â´VWX QEMRP] JYRR] MRJSVQEXMSR [MXL JVMIRHW ERH E PEVKIV EYHMIRGI 8LI WYGGIWW SJ XLIWI weblogs enables users to reach a large audience with their opinion.

Environment. ;IFPSKW EVI E[EVI SJ XLIMV TSXIRXMEP MQTEGX ERH LEZI GSRWMHIVEFPI TS[IV MR VEMWMRK awareness. For instance Dutch weblogs started quite large campaigns to raise money for the 8WYREQM HMWEWXIV MR %^MI EPP MR XLIMV S[R WTIGMÂ´G [E] %RH VIXIGSSP GSQ PIRX MXW WXVIRKXLW XS E popular radio station to raise awareness and cash for the problems in Darfur. Economy. ;IFPSKW EVI GLIET ERH ZIV] IJJIGXMZI [MXL TS[IVJYP QEVOIXMRK TSXIRXMEP 1ER] LEZI their own merchandise shops. In the near future weblogs might also become commercially selfsupportive.

Current situation ;IFPSKW GER FI VIEPMWIH [MXL GYVVIRX XIGLRSPSK] ERH XEOI QMRYXIW XS WIX YT %W MRXIVRIX EGGIWW MW FIGSQMRK QSVI [MHIWTVIEH XLI RYQFIV SJ [IFPSKW MW KVS[MRK UYMGOP] 2S[ GSRZIRXMSREP QIHME are becoming aware of this previously niche phenomenon and are beginning to see the potential. &IGEYWI XLI] YWI STIR WSYVGI XIGLRSPSK] EZEMPEFPI XS IZIV]SRI [MXL ER MRXIVRIX GSRRIGXMSR ERH GER FI WIIR F] E PEVKI EYHMIRGI [IFPSKW IZSPZI VETMHP] 7SQI WXEVXIH SRP] X[S ]IEVW EKS [MXL E LERHJYP SJ ZMWMXSVW ERH RS[ VIGIMZI QSVI XLER ZMWMXSVW E HE] 8LMW LEW EGGIPIVEXIH XLI HIZIPSTQIRX SJ XLI XIGLRSPSK] FILMRH XLI [IFPSKW [LMGL MR XYVR MQTVSZIW XLI [IFPSKW 7XEVXMRK E [IFPSK GSWXW RSXLMRK -J YWIVW [ERX E HSQEMR XLI] RIIH [IF LSWXMRK [LMGL GSWXW EFSYX IYVSW a month. Hosting costs increase when the weblog contains large amounts of information which is HS[RPSEHIH F] YWIVW 1SWX [IFPSKW VIP] SR XLI [SVO SJ ZSPYRXIIVW

The experience

Design challenges

,EZMRK XLI GLERGI IZIV] HE] XS JVIIP] I\TVIWW STMRMSRW SR GYVVIRX EJJEMVW VIEHMRK MXIQW SJ MRXIVIWX [MXL IEW] access. +IXXMRK XS ORS[ SXLIV TISTPI SRPMRI *SV XLI GVIEXSVW SJ XLI [IFPSK VEMWMRK awareness of their issue.

Developing a search engine for finding weblogs on TEVXMGYPEV WYFNIGXW Protecting users and privacy while maintaining the freedom of speech. Seeing weblogs as new equally valid way of gathering information as conventional media. 'SRXVSPPMRK MQTVSTIV YWI [MXLSYX VIWXVMGXMRK freedom of speech.

Authors 89 )MRHLSZIR 8LI 2IXLIVPERHW 8SQEW 7GLMIXIGEX 1EXLMNW ZER ;MNRIR

139

140 (socialising)

Small record labels advertise and release their product; people passionate about music have easy access to experimental, non-mainstream music.

Finland, Helsinki

www.foryourears.com – MP3 distribution company By Symptom Distribution www.foryourears.com

Solution

The benefits

8LI WSPYXMSR MW E HMWXVMFYXMSR GLERRIP ERH WLST JSV WQEPP VIGSVH PEFIPW XS WIPP XLIMV TVSHYGXW IREFPMRK YRHIVKVSYRH QYWMG XS VIEGL E [MHIV EYHMIRGI &Y]IVW [ERX XS LIEV RI[ OMRHW SJ QYWMG XLEX XLI QEMRWXVIEQ QEVOIX HSIW RSX SJJIV ERH WIPPIVW [ERX XS VIPIEWI XLIMV TVSHYGXW 3R [[[ JSV]SYVIEVW GSQ XLMW GER FI HSRI [MXLSYX WTIRHMRK XSS QYGL QSRI] SR XLI QEVOIXMRK ERH TVSHYGXMSR SJ XLI TL]WMGEP TVSHYGXW EW XLI] EVI MR HEXE JSVQ 8LI WSPYXMSR [SVOW QYGL MR the same way as traditional distribution companies. The music label sends their music to www. JSV]SYVIEVW GSQ [LMGL XVIEXW MX E PMXXPI XS IRWYVI GSRWMWXIRX UYEPMX] SJ WSYRH ERH TYFPMWLIW MX SR the site.

Society. 7SGMIX] FIGSQIW QSVI HIQSGVEXMG [MXL VIGSVHMRKW EZEMPEFPI XS IZIV]SRI RSX NYWX XLSWI ´VWX XS KIX XS XLI VIGSVH WXSVI -X KMZIW PEFIP S[RIVW ERH QYWMGMERW [LS MR IPIGXVSRMG QYWMG EVI SJXIR XLI WEQI TISTPI XLI STTSVXYRMX] XS KIX XLIMV QYWMG TYFPMWLIH 4VSFPIQW MRGPYHI XLI HIGVIEWI MR WSGMEP GSQQYRMGEXMSR FIX[IIR WQEPP VIGSVH WXSVI S[RIVW [LS EVI SJXIR XLI I\TIVXW MR XLI ´IPH ERH XLI FY]IVW

Context )ZIV][LIVI MR XLI [SVPH WQEPP VIGSVH PEFIPW EVI I\TIVMIRGMRK HMJ´GYPXMIW NYWX EW XLI QENSVW EVI FYX [MXL E QYGL WQEPPIV FYHKIX 1EVOIXMRK SJ IPIGXVSRMG QYWMG MW EPP EFSYX [SVH SJ QSYXL FIGEYWI of low budgets and customers used to hearing about new artists from friends instead of from the VEHMS IXG 2S[ WXYHMS UYEPMX] MW [MXLMR IZIV]SRI«W VIEGL HYI XS XLI PS[IVMRK SJ WSJX[EVI TVMGIW XLI QEVOIX LEW FIGSQI WEXYVEXIH [MXL VIPIEWIW SJ HYFMSYW UYEPMX] 8LMW EPSRKWMHI TMVEG] MW [L] ZMR]P HMWXVMFYXSVW EVI KSMRK SYX SJ FYWMRIWW QIERMRK JI[IV GLERRIPW JSV YRHIVKVSYRH QYWMG XS FI VIPIEWIH 8LIVI EVI WIZIVEP RSR TVS´X TPE]IVW MR XLI QEVOIX FYX XLI] FVMRK RS MRGSQI XS XLI QYWMGMERW SRP] KIX XLIQ RSXMGIH F] XLI QEVOIX

Environment. )RZMVSRQIRXEP FIRI´XW MRGPYHI E VIHYGXMSR MR XLI SMP YWIH XS QEOI '(W SV ZMR]P VIGSVHW ERH XLI JYIP YWIH MR XLIMV HMWXVMFYXMSR 8VEHMXMSREPP] XLI PEFIP WIRHW XLI QYWMG XS E TVIWWMRK TPERX XLI TVIWWMRK TPERX WIRHW XLI VIGSVHW XS XLI HMWXVMFYXSV XLI HMWXVMFYXSV WXSVIW XLI VIGSVHW ERH WIRHW XLIQ XS WLSTW ERH WQEPPIV QSVI PSGEP HMWXVMFYXSVW [LMGL XLIR WIRH XLI VIGSVHW XS their local shops. Economy. 8VEHMXMSREP PSKMWXMGW FSXL YWI YT REXYVEP VIWSYVGIW ERH QIER MX XEOIW PSRKIV JSV XLI PEFIPW XS KIX TEMH 8LMW RI[ QSHIP SJ HMWXVMFYXMSR MW QSVI TVS´XEFPI JSV XLI PEFIP S[RIVW ERH XLIVIJSVI XLI QYWMGMERW 1ER] SJ XLI XVEHMXMSREP HMWXVMFYXMSR GSQTERMIW LEZI FIIR ORS[R XS VMT SJJ WQEPPIV PEFIPW [LMGL EVI YREFPI XS ´KLX FEGO FIMRK MR ERSXLIV GSYRXV] [MXL HMJJIVIRX PE[W -R 7]QTXSQ (MWXVMFYXMSR«W WGLIQI XLI QSRI] KIXW XVERWJIVVIH XS XLI PEFIP QSRXLP] WS XLEX MR XLI GEWI SJ JVEYH XLI PEFIP GER XIVQMREXI XLI GSRXVEGX E PSX UYMGOIV XS EZSMH JYVXLIV HEQEKIW

Current situation 8LI WSPYXMSR [EW PEYRGLIH MR WYQQIV FYX TPERRMRK WXEVXIH MR WYQQIV 7SQI GSQTERMIW EVSYRH XLI [SVPH SJJIV E WMQMPEV WIVZMGI FYX [[[ JSV]SYVIEVW GSQ MW SRI SJ XLI ZIV] ´VWX 8LI WSPYXMSR LEW VYR WQSSXLP] WMRGI MX WXEVXIH 'YWXSQIVW TE] IYVSW TIV XVEGO SV less if they buy a whole album. Half of this stays in the company and half goes to the labels.

The experience

Design challenges

(MWGSZIVMRK YRORS[R QYWMGMERW ERH GYXXMRK IHKI Developing a technological platform to exchange digital music recordings. music. Feeling part of underground initiatives and culture.

Authors 9RMZIVWMX] SJ %VX ERH (IWMKR ,IPWMROM *MRPERH Miro Holopainen

141

142

143

Pål Strandbakken, Eivind Stø SIFO, Norway

Utopian by design and/or by coincidence? This collection of cases highlights a number of different reactions to heavy societal trends in different parts of Europe. The cases cover E ZIV] [MHI HI´RMXMSR SJ XLI GSRGITX SJ WYWXEMREFMPMX] [LIVI RSX SRP] IRZMVSRQIRXEP QEXXIVW EVI LMKLPMKLXIH FYX WSGMEP GYPXYVEP ERH IGSRSQMG SRIW EW [IPP 8LI] GSYPH FI WMKREPW SJ YRIEWI EQSRK GMXM^IRW FYX RSX SRP] XLEX 8LI] EVI EPWS WMKREPW SJ STXMQMWQ ERH FIPMIJ MR LYQER TSXIRXMEP 4ISTPI FIPMIZI XLEX GLERKI MW TSWWMFPI ERH XLI] FIPMIZI MR GS STIVEXMSR MR GSQQYRMX] ERH GVIEXMZMX] 8LI] I\IQTPMJ] emerging user demand for sustainable solutions. Youthful perspectives: the selection 8LI GEWIW GSPPIGXIH MR XLI FSSO EVI HVE[R JVSQ E PEVKIV TSSP SJ GEWIW XLEX ]SYRK SFWIVZIVW JVSQ EPP SZIV )YVSTI HIWMKR WGLSSP WXYHIRXW YWIH EW ¨ERXIRREW© LEZI JSYRH MRXIVIWXMRK TVSQMWMRK SV GLEPPIRKMRK ;MXLSYX KSMRK MRXS HIXEMPW SJ TVSGIHYVIW ERH SR XLI RYQFIV SJ LYVHPIW ERH ´PXIVW IEGL GEWI LEW LEH XS TEWW XLI GSQQSR GVMXIVMSR JSV XLIMV MRGPYWMSR MW XLEX they were perceived by the design students to be alternatives to what they hold to be the WSGMIXEP QEMRWXVIEQ 8LI ´VWX WIPIGXMSR XLIR VIµIGXW HMJJIVIRGIW SJ EKI REXMSREP GYPXYVIW ERH XLI TIVWSREP SYXPSSO ERH MHISPSK] SJ XLI ERXIRREW 8LYW [I SFWIVZI XLEX WXYHIRXW JVSQ )EWXIVR )YVSTI VIKEVH 7PS[ *SSH EW ER EPXIVREXMZI [LMPI XLI WXYHIRXW JVSQ XLI EVIEW [LIVI XLI 7PS[ *SSH QSZIQIRX SVMKMREXIH HS RSX 7MQMPEVP] XLI TIVLETW QSWX SFZMSYW I\EQTPI SJ WSGMEP IRXIVTVMWI XLI GEV WLEVMRK WGLIQI MW EPQSWX EFWIRX ;I HS RSX ORS[ MJ XLMW MW FIGEYWI XLI GSRGITX MW GSRWMHIVIH SPH RI[W SV MJ MX MW FIGEYWI GEV WLEVMRK HSIW RSX ERW[IV ER] widespread needs among students in big cities. It is probably a little bit of both. 8LMW HSIW RSX QIER XLEX WXYHIRXW EVI SRP] GSRGIVRIH [MXL XLIMV S[R TVSFPIQW FYX MX TVSFEFP] LEW WSQIXLMRK XS HS [MXL TIVWTIGXMZIW ERH TEVEHMKQW ;LEX ]SY WII LEW WSQIXLMRK XS HS with where you sit. The scarcity of car sharing cases is perhaps not more surprising than the WGEVGMX] SJ JEMV XVEHI MRMXMEXMZIW XLMW MW ERSXLIV GSRGITX XLEX IMXLIV MW VIKEVHIH EW QSVI SV PIWW mainstream or that has failed to capture the imagination of design students. 8LI X]TI SJ QSFMPMX] XLEX XIRHW XS HSQMREXI XLI GEWIW MW FMOMRK &MG]GPIW EVI EJJSVHEFPI XLI] are environmentally friendly and they are elements in healthy life styles. Micro enterprises EVI FYMPX EVSYRH VITEMV QEMRXIRERGI FMOI VIRXEP ERH WIGSRH LERH WLSTW (MJJIVIRX X]TIW SJ GSPPIGXMZMWQ EVI HIZIPSTIH F] FMOI GPYFW ERH IZIRX VEGIW ;LIR [I LMKLPMKLX WYWXEMREFMPMX] EPXIVREXMZIW XS QEMRWXVIEQ XVIRHW ERH FSXXSQ YT MRMXMEXMZIW XLI FMG]GPI VIEPP] MW XLI TIVJIGX ¨RI[ YVFERMWQ© ZILMGPI MX MW VIEWSREFP] GLIET MX MW RSR TSPPYXMRK ERH MX GSRXVMFYXIW XS XLI WSGMEP JEFVMG ERH XS XLI LIEPXL SJ MXW YWIV %R YVFER EVIE HSQMREXIH F] FMG]GPIW TIHIWXVMERW ERH GSPPIGXMZI QIERW SJ XVERWTSVX MW HMJJIVIRX JVSQ ER YVFER EVIE HSQMREXIH F] TVMZEXI GEVW *YVXLIV XLI FMG]GPI [EW ER MGSR SJ XLI YXSTMER communities based in Amsterdam in the early seventies. The strong presence of bicycle related cases does not mean that design students are only interested in their own problems however. This would be an unfair accusation. Design

WXYHIRXW EPP SZIV )YVSTI XEOI ER MRXIVIWX MR TVSFPIQW SJ XLI IPHIVP] SJ WQEPP GLMPHVIR ERH SJ QEVKMREPMWIH KVSYTW EW [IPP ;LEX MX HSIW QIER MW XLEX XLIMV ETTVSEGL XS MRJSVQEXMSR LYRXMRK GSQFMRIH [MXL XLIMV QSVI SV PIWW EKI FEWIH SYXPSSO SR XLI [SVPH KMZIW XLI WIPIGXMSR E GIVXEMR FMEW 7SQI MRMXMEXMZIW GSQI MRXS ZMI[ IEWMIV XLER SXLIVW 8LMW MW RSX E JEYPX MX MW E ´PXIV

Actors’ motives ;MXL XLI JSGYW TPEGIH SR FSXXSQ YT MRMXMEXMZIW VIEGXMRK XS [LEX MW LIPH XS FI XLI WSGMIXEP QEMRWXVIEQ [I I\TIGXIH XS ´RH X[S QEMR X]TIW SJ QSXMZIW FILMRH XLI GEWIW 3R XLI SRI LERH GMXM^IRW« MRMXMEXMZIW EMQIH EX WTIGM´G ERH MQQIHMEXI TVSFPIQW PMOI XLI Nurseries at home (Nidi in Casa) and the Walking Bus (Andiamo a scuola da soli) 3R XLI SXLIV [I I\TIGXIH QSVI YXSTMER TVSNIGXW VEXLIV QSVI MHISPSKMGEP SRIW TIVLETW ERXMGMTEXMRK JYXYVI GSRHMXMSRW PMOI XLI Findhorn Eco-village XLI Group purchasing organisation (GAS Gruppo d’Acquisto Solidale) and SXLIVW 8LIWI HMQIRWMSRW EVI TVIWIRX FYX XLI] EVI TIVLETW PIWW ZMWMFPI XLER [I FIPMIZIH XLIQ to be. 8S LEZI EGGIWW XS WSQI OMRH SJ SVKERMWIH GEVI JSV ]SYV GLMPHVIR MW EGXYEPP] E TVIGSRHMXMSR JSV WIIOMRK IQTPS]QIRX WS MJ ]SY RIIH XLI MRGSQI Nurseries at home might be an immediate VIEGXMSR XS ER YVKIRX TVSFPIQ &IMRK E WTIGM´G ERW[IV XS E TVSFPIQ MR ]SYV HEMP] PMJI XLMW WSPYXMSR QMKLX EGXYEPP] FI YRGSRRIGXIH XS ]SYV QSVI KIRIVEP MHIEW ERH MHIEPW EFSYX JEQMP] EFSYX JEQMP] ERH [SVO ERH EFSYX MHIEP PIEVRMRK ERH HIZIPSTMRK GSRHMXMSRW JSV GLMPHVIR -R TVMRGMTPI ]SY QMKLX FIPMIZI XLEX JVII OMRHIVKEVXIRW WLSYPH FI SJJIVIH XS IZIV]FSH] F] XLI GSQQYRMX] SV ¦ GSRXVEVMP] ]SY QMKLX MRWMWX XLEX EPP GLMPHVIR WLSYPH WXE] EX LSQI [MXL XLIMV mothers until they reach school age. Still you could find yourself using the Nurseries at home MR SVHIV XS WSPZI XLI TVEKQEXMG ERH MQQIHMEXI GLEPPIRKI SJ GSQFMRMRK TEMH [SVO ERH TVMZEXI matters. The Walking Bus LEW WSQI VEXLIV WMQMPEV JIEXYVIW =SY EW E TEVIRX [ERX XS QEOI WYVI XLEX your children are brought safely to and from school. Even if you envision another society ERH ]SY LSPH [IPP GVEJXIH MHIEW EFSYX YVFER TPERRMRK WTEXMEP WSPYXMSRW ERH XVEJ´G TEXXIVRW TSPMXMGEP EGXMSR SRP] ]MIPHW VIWYPXW WPS[P] MJ IZIV ERH ]SYV RIIH JSV WEJI XVERWTSVX MW LIVI ERH now.

144 This realisation should not let us underestimate the additional benefits of the â&#x20AC;&#x153;urgent motiveâ&#x20AC;?

GEWIW 7SQI SJ XLIQ GSRXVMFYXI XS GVSWW KIRIVEXMSREP GSRXEGXW VIHYGI MWSPEXMSR ERH WXVIRKXLIR XLI WSGMEP JEFVMG MR KIRIVEP VIWYPX MR JI[IV GEVW MR XLI ZMGMRMX] SJ WGLSSPW QSVI TL]WMGEP I\IVGMWI JSV GLMPHVIR ERH JSV VIXMVIH TIVWSRW EPPS[ WMRKPI QSXLIVW XS IEVR QSRI] ERH KIX SYX SJ XLI LSYWI ERH MRXS WSGMIX] KMZI PIWW MRRIV GMX] TSPPYXMSR ERH TVSFEFP] PIWW MRRIV GMX] GVMQI EW [IPP &YX RS QEXXIV LS[ QER] EHHIH FIRIÂ´XW [I EVI EFPI XS MHIRXMJ] XLIWI MRMXMEXMZIW EVI QSXMZEXIH F] WSQI OMRH SJ TVSFPIQ WSPZMRK YVKIRG] -J XLI] EVI YXSTMER XLI] EVI WS F] GSMRGMHIRGI Some other cases seem to be more driven by positive visions and ideas about desirable futures. They are utopian by design. Individuals or smaller groups act as social entrepreneurs ERH IQTPS] VIWSYVGIW PMOI XMQI GVIEXMZMX] SV QSRI] XS JEGMPMXEXI WSQIXLMRK XLEX WIIQW MQTSVXERX 2SX XS WSPZI E TVSFPIQ FYX VEXLIV XS JSPPS[ E HVIEQ 8LI EGXMZMXMIW SJ Group purchasing organisation are mainly driven by wants and not by needs. The group is motivated F] XLI QIQFIVWÂŤ HIQERH JSV TYVGLEWMRK TVSHYGXW XLEX RIMXLIV ZMSPEXIW LYQER VMKLXW RSV XLI IRZMVSRQIRX ;I VIKEVH XLMW QSXMZI EW QSVI MHISPSKMGEP XLER XLI TVEKQEXMG HVMZIVW QIRXMSRIH above. +MZIR XLMW HMQIRWMSR XLIWI X[S X]TIW SJ QSXMZIW JSV XEOMRK EGXMSR JSV IRKEKMRK MR WSGMIXEP QEXXIVW ERH FIMRK ER EGXMZI GMXM^IR [I [SYPH I\TIGX XLI MRMXMEXMZIW XS FI TVSQSXIH F] HMJJIVIRX types of actors. Behind the urgent cases we expect to see more or less ordinary middle class TIVWSRW VIWTSRHMRK XS E GLEPPIRKI ERH E WMXYEXMSR [LMPI XLI YXSTMER MRMXMEXMZIW [SYPH XIRH XS be more dominated by activists. % PSX SJ XLI GEWIW [MPP TVSFEFP] RSX Â´X MRXS XLMW YVKIRX ZW YXSTMER HMQIRWMSR LS[IZIV FYX more develop out of attempts at doing something interesting and worthwhile that corresponds XS ]SYV TSPMXMGEP GSRGIVRW *YVXLIV XLI EREP]XMGEP WTPMX FIX[IIR RIIHW ERH [ERXW WLSYPH RSX blind us to the potential strengthening of initiatives through a synergy of these two motives.

Participation, inclusion and marginality % RYQFIV SJ GEWIW HIEP [MXL MRMXMEXMZIW XS MRGVIEWI TEVXMGMTEXMSR IQTS[IVMRK GMXM^IRW ERH offering welfare solutions that re-introduces different groups into society. Some of the most MRXIVIWXMRK MRMXMEXMZIW XV] XS GSYRXIVEGX XLI MWSPEXMSR SJ WIRMSVW QSWX RSXEFP] XLI Social elderly community Aquarius in the Netherlands. % VMGL WSGMIX] PMOI XLI (YXGL XIRHW XS LEZI E VEXLIV PEVKI TSTYPEXMSR SJ VIXMVIH TIVWSRW MR VIEWSREFPI KSSH LIEPXL XLEX MW VEXLIV [IPP SJJ IGSRSQMGEPP] 'YPXYVEPP] ERH WSGMEPP] XLMW KVSYT SJXIR WYJJIVW JVSQ MWSPEXMSR PSRIPMRIWW ERH FSVIHSQ 8LI IWXEFPMWLQIRX SJ XLI Aquarius GSQQYRMX] WIIQW PMOI ER EHIUYEXI ERW[IV XS XLMW WMXYEXMSR WIRMSV GMXM^IRW PMZMRK MR separate houses but growing old together in a community with mutual and voluntary help and WSGMEP WYTTSVX 8LMW IREFPIW TISTPI XS FI EGXMZI ERH MRHITIRHIRX MRXS SPH EKI YRXMP XLI] RIIH more intensive support and care. It is a fair guess that most young and middle aged observers would consider Aquarius XS FI XLI OMRH SJ TPEGI XLI] [SYPH PMOI XS WII XLIMV TEVIRXW MR ERH eventually a place for themselves to grow old. This is both about empowering or enabling people and about social-cultural participation and about retaining an active life. -R E PIWW EJÂľYIRX WSGMIX] PMOI XLI )WXSRMER XLI TVSFPIQW SJ IPHIVP] ERH VIXMVIH TISTPI EVI UYMXI HMJJIVIRX WS XLI JSGYW SJ XLI Self Help Community Omaabi is more directed at providing JSSH EX XLI PS[IWX TSWWMFPI TVMGI EX HMWXVMFYXMRK JVII JSSH GSYTSRW XS IPHIVP] TISTPI [MXL I\XVIQIP] PS[ MRGSQI SV RS MRGSQI EX EPP ERH EX TVSZMHMRK E ZIRYI JSV WIPPMRK LERHMGVEJXW XS MQTVSZI XLI IGSRSQMG WMXYEXMSR -R EHHMXMSR SPH TISTPI MR )WXSRME SFZMSYWP] LEZI XLI WEQI need for communicating and socialising as old people more or less everywhere. So Aquarius

and Omaabi can be regarded as two specific answers to the problems of elderly people in two different economical and political situations. The Estonian case is perhaps a bit more need HVMZIR XLER XLI (YXGL SRI FYX FSXL LEZI XS HS [MXL WIRMSV GMXM^IRW XLEX XV] XS HIÂ´RI XLIMV S[R TVSFPIQW XLIMV RIIHW ERH [ERXW ERH [LS XV] XS EGX MR XLIMV S[R MRXIVIWX %W EGXSVW XLI] VIJYWI XS FI QEVKMREPMWIH F] E WSGMIX] XLEX SJXIR QEOIW SPH TISTPI MRZMWMFPI 3XLIV JSVQW SJ QEVKMREPMX] FIWMHI XLI EKI VIPEXIH EVI VIPIZERX MR E RYQFIV SJ GEWIW PMOI problems of unemployment and of addiction. Prime examples could be the Job & Action Association for the long term unemployed and the Coach House Trust HIEPMRK [MXL HVYK EHHMGXMSR ERH VIMRXIKVEXMSR -X MW [SVXL RSXMRK XLEX QSWX SJ XLIWI GEWIW EVI Â¨QYPXMÂŠ MHISPSKMGEP PMOI XLI Job & Action Association XLEX [SVOW JVSQ E TVMQEVMP] WSGMEP TIVWTIGXMZI GSYRXIVEGXMRK RIKEXMZI IJJIGXW SJ PSRK XIVQ YRIQTPS]QIRX FYX EX XLI WEQI XMQI TVSQSXIW IRZMVSRQIRXEP sustainability through repair and recycling. -R XLIWI Â¨WSGMEPÂŠ MRMXMEXMZIW [I RSXMGI EX PIEWX XLVII HMJJIVIRX QSHIPW SJ WSGMEP EGXMSR ERH enterprise. In Aquarius resourceful persons engage in improving their own living conditions by going beyond what the welfare state normally will be able to offer. In Omaabi marginal persons

QEVKMREPMX] QEMRP] GEYWIH F] TSZIVX] SVKERMWI MR SVHIV XS TVSXIGX XLIQWIPZIW [LMPI XLI Coach House Trust mainly is characterised by resourceful idealists who engage for improving the conditions of others. These three approaches to marginality are all valid reactions to some of the shortcomings of state social security and protection against a runaway and all penetrating IGSRSQ] IZIR MJ WSGMEP ERH IGSRSQMGEP GSRHMXMSRW EVI ZIV] ZEVMIH %PP SJ XLIQ QMKLX FI elements in a developing new active concept of welfare through citizen participation.

Alienation 8LI GSRGITX SJ EPMIREXMSR QMKLX QIER E PSX SJ HMJJIVIRX XLMRKW QER] SJ XLSWI QIERMRKW EVI VIPIZERX XS XLI GEWIW EPVIEH] GSQQIRXIH YTSR PMOI TS[IVPIWWRIWW ERH MWSPEXMSR ,IVI LS[IZIV [I [ERX XS JSGYW SR EPMIREXMSR JVSQ REXYVI % QENSV XVIRH MR QSHIVR WSGMIXMIW MW HIÂ´RIH F] XLI REXYVI GYPXYVI WTPMX 4ISTPI PMZMRK MR PEVKI YVFER EVIEW Â´RH XLIQWIPZIW EPMIREXIH JVSQ REXYVEP TVSGIWWIW FSXL EW I\TIVMIRGI [MXL VYVEP landscapes and â&#x20AC;&#x153;freeâ&#x20AC;? nature and as familiarity with food production. In the early modern age XLMW FVIEO [MXL REXYVI [EW [ERXIH REXYVI [EW XLVIEXIRMRK ERH XEQMRK REXYVI [EW GSRGIMZIH EW E GMZMPM^MRK TVSGIWW 3VMKMREPP] XLI PMROW FIX[IIR XLI JEVQIV ERH XLI GSRWYQIV MR XLI GMX] TVSFEFP] [IVI RYQIVSYW FYX XSHE] XLI] ETTEVIRXP] LEZI XS FI VI IWXEFPMWLIH Les Jardins de CĂŠrĂ¨s [EW JSYRHIH MR SVHIV XS GVIEXI WYGL E HMVIGX PMRO FIX[IIR TVSHYGIV ERH GSRWYQIV SJ JSSH ERH XS TVSQSXI SVKERMG TVSHYGXMSR EW [IPP ;LMPI Nomadic Garden (Jardin Nomade) [SVOW XLI SXLIV [E] MRXVSHYGMRK REXYVI ERH KEVHIRMRK MRXS XLI YVFER MRHYWXVMEP [EWXIPERH IRKEKMRK WGLSSPW XLI PSGEP GSQQYRMX] IPHIVP] TISTPI MR FIEYXMÂ´GEXMSR SJ XLI WYVVSYRHMRKW MR HEMP] GEVI ERH GYPXMZEXMSR SJ E KEVHIR [LIVI WSGMEP EGXMZMX] GLIET JSSH TVSHYGXMSR ERH GPSWIRIWW XS REXYVEP TVSGIWWIW KS XSKIXLIV % PSX SJ XLI SVKERMG JSSH MRMXMEXMZIW QMKLX EPWS FI WIIR MW XLMW GSRXI\X SJ E PIWW EPMIREXMRK JSSH TVSZMWMSR [LIXLIV ]SY WYFWGVMFI XS E LSQI HIPMZIV] :IKIXEFPI &S\ SV ]SY TVSQSXI QEVOIXW JSV SVKERMG food.

Synergy 8LIWI VIµIGXMSRW EVI VIEPP] E WIX SJ WSGMSPSKMGEP ´VWX MQTVIWWMSRW SJ XLI EWWIQFPIH QEXIVMEP 1SVI EQFMXMSYW GPYWXIVMRK ERH HIITIV EREP]WMW [MPP FI TVSZMHIH IPWI[LIVI LIVI [I QEMRP] [ERXIH XS MHIRXMJ] WSQI XIRXEXMZI TEXXIVRW MR ERH TEXLW XLVSYKL XLMW GSQTIRHMYQ SJ GMXM^IRW« reaction to heavy social trends or to the more negative and frightening aspects of “modernity” ERH KPSFEPMWEXMSR 'VIEXMZI EGXMZI ERH VIWSYVGIJYP EKIRXW XV] XS TYWL SV TYPP WSGMIX] MR alternative directions and try out elements of another way of life here and now. Some MRMXMEXMZIW EVI WQEPP ERH VEXLIV PSGEP [LMPI SXLIVW EVI QSVI EQFMXMSYW HIQERHMRK SVKERMWEXMSR ERH GETMXEP FYX EPP SJ XLIQ EVI MRMXMEXMZIW EMQIH EX KIRIVEXMRK MRHMZMHYEP [IPP FIMRK WSGMEP quality and reduced environmental strain. 8LI VIPEXMSR FIX[IIR XLI TVSQMWMRK GEWIW ERH WSGMIX] EX PEVKI MW WXMPP VEXLIV YRHIV XLISVMWIH LS[IZIV 3R SRI LERH [I QMKLX IRZMWMSR E GSQQYRMX] SV IZIR E PEVKIV GMX] [LIVI E RYQFIV SJ XLIWI MRMXMEXMZIW SV WSGMEP I\TIVMQIRXW [IVI STIVEXMRK WMQYPXERISYWP] WS XLEX XLI accumulated effects of transport alternatives actually amounted to something. And where the inclusion and participation cases combined with pedagogical and cultural ones. A picture of ER EPXIVREXMZI JYXYVI MW TVIWIRX EPVIEH] NYWX F] GSQFMRMRK XLIQ *VSQ WYGL E GSQFMRIH TMGXYVI [I QMKLX FI EFPI WTIGYPEXI SR XLI TSXIRXMEP W]RIVK] SJ XLI GEWIW ;LEX QMKLX JYVXLIV LETTIR in a community that employs a number of these initiatives and solutions? 3R XLI SXLIV LERH [I STIVEXI [MXLSYX E GPIEV ZMWMSR SJ XLI HIZIPSTQIRX SJ XLI GEWIW ERH SJ XLIMV VIPEXMSR XS XLI WSGMIXEP QEMRWXVIEQ FIGEYWI [I HS RSX ORS[ MJ [I QIER XS LEZI EPXIVREXMZI HMWXVMFYXMSR SJ SVKERMG JSSH EW E TIVQERIRX JIEXYVI SV MJ [I [ERX XS YWI XLI EPXIVREXMZI GLERRIPW XS HIQSRWXVEXI WYJ´GMIRX YWIV HIQERH JSV VIXEMP GLEMRW XS XEOI SZIV 7LSYPH XLI (YXGL [IPJEVI WXEXI QEOI Aquarius PMOI WSPYXMSRW EZEMPEFPI XS QSVI SV PIWW EPP LIEPXL] VIXMVIIW SV WLSYPH WYGL MRMXMEXMZIW VIQEMR WIPJ SVKERMWIH ERH FSXXSQ YT# -W XLI Walking Bus a critique of modern city planning or is it a permanent solution for the good society? Should the difficult combination of parenting as daily care for children and parenting EW IEVRMRK QSRI] JSV XLI JEQMP] FI PIJX XS XLI MRHMZMHYEP ERH LMW MRKIRYMX] SV MW MX E NSF JSV larger communities? By identifying and presenting these cases of social innovation geared towards sustainability [I LEZI MRMXMEXIH E HIFEXI SZIV XLIWI MWWYIW [I LEZI LMKLPMKLXIH WQEPP TMIGIW SJ EPXIVREXMZI realities that question and challenge the apparent inevitability of dominant social trends. At XLMW WXEKI XLI] HIQSRWXVEXI XLEX SXLIV WSPYXMSRW EVI TSWWMFPI 8LMW MW ER MQTSVXERX FYX RSX E sufficient step towards re-orienting society.

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Isabella Marras (UNEP) and Priya Bala (CI)

European creative communities and the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Global Southâ&#x20AC;? %VI GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW E KPSFEP TLIRSQIRSR# -J WS [LEX EVI XLIMV GLEVEGXIVMWXMGW ERH [LIVI HSIW XLIMV Â¨MRRSZEXMSRÂŠ PMI# ;I SFWIVZI XLEX VIWSYVGI TSSV GSQQYRMXMIW RIIH WLEVMRK QYXYEP LIPT ERH GVIEXMZI WSPYXMSRW SJXIR WMQTP] XS WYVZMZI FYX MX MW EPWS XVYI XLEX XVEHMXMSREP ZEPYIW WSGMEP RIX[SVOW ERH GSQQYRMX] GSLIWMSR EPPS[W E REXYVEP GSSTIVEXMSR ERH WLEVMRK SJ VIWSYVGIW ERH WSGMEP XEWOW XS TVSZMHI WIVZMGIW IK GSQQYRMX] HSGXSVW 8LI QSXMZEXMSRW SJ XLI GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW SFWIVZIH MR )YVSTI EVI E HMJJIVIRX QM\ SJ ZEPYIW MRGPYHMRK IGSRSQMG IRZMVSRQIRXEP ERH WSGMEP EWTMVEXMSRW â&#x20AC;&#x153;Developing countriesâ&#x20AC;? can be found in all parts of the world and include a vast number of GYPXYVIW ,IVI SRI GER Â´RH E Q]VMEH SJ WMXYEXMSRW VERKMRK JVSQ VIQSXI ZMPPEKIW SV RSQEHMG TISTPI [LS PMZI MR LEVWL IRZMVSRQIRXW XS YVFER IHYGEXIH TVSJIWWMSREPW [LS IRNS] QMHHPI and upper class living standards that rival the material intensive lifestyles found elsewhere in XLI WS GEPPIH Â¨HIZIPSTIH GSYRXVMIWÂŠ 0MOI[MWI WSQI SJ XLI LEVWLIWX GSRHMXMSRW SJ TSZIVX] GER FI WIIR MR GSYRXVMIW HIÂ´RIH EW ÂŞHIZIPSTIHÂŤ 8LI GSRGITX SJ Â¨GVIEXMZI VIWTSRWIW XS IQIVKMRK needsâ&#x20AC;? to define the solutions produced by the creative communities therefore changes vastly [LIXLIV [I PSSO EX XLI YVFER QMHHPI GPEWW MR 2MEQI] MR 2MKIV SV EX XLI RSQEHW PMZMRK MR XLI HIWIVX EVIEW SJ XLI WEQI GSYRXV] XS XLI YTTIV GPEWW MR 7ES 4EYPS SV XS XLI VIQSXI VYVEP communities in China. For XLMW VIEWSR [I GLSWI XS JSGYW SYV HMWGYWWMSR SR XLI XIVQ +PSFEP 7SYXL EW MX MW TVIJIVVIH SZIV Â¨8LMVH ;SVPHÂŠ SV Â¨HIZIPSTMRKÂŠ GSYRXVMIW 8LMW XIVQ EPPS[W JSV ER EGORS[PIHKIQIRX SJ XLI HMZIVWMX] FIX[IIR XLIWI GSYRXVMIW [LMPI EGGITXMRK XLEX FIGEYWI SJ GSQQSR HIZIPSTQIRX XVENIGXSVMIW XLI GSYRXVMIW SJ XLI +PSFEP 7SYXL JEGI WMQMPEV GLEPPIRKIW [MXL VIKEVHW XS WYWXEMREFMPMX] ;LIR ZMI[IH JVSQ E WXVMGXP] IGSRSQMG TEVEHMKQ XLI IGSRSQMGEPP] YRHIVHIZIPSTIH GSYRXVMIW SJ XLI 7SYXLIVR ,IQMWTLIVI QEMRP] MR %WME %JVMGE 3GIERME ERH Latin America can be considered as an entity with common characteristics. These include a KVS[MRK QMHHPI GPEWW TSZIVX] LMKL FMVXLVEXIW ERH IGSRSQMG HITIRHIRGI SR XLI GSYRXVMIW SJ XLI 2SVXL MI TVIHSQMRERXP] ;IWXIVR GSYRXVMIW MR XLI 2SVXLIVR ,IQMWTLIVI [LMGL MRGPYHIW )YVSTI *SV XLIWI VIEWSRW EHSTXMRK E +PSFEP 7SYXL TIVWTIGXMZI EPPS[W SRI XS GVIEXI E PMRO between sustainability concerns and actions at the grassroots and the macro levels. A cSQQSR JIEXYVI EQSRK XLI )YVSTIER TVSQMWMRK GEWIW ERH GEWIW IZMHIRX MR XLI +PSFEP 7SYXL MW XLEX XLI] EPP EHHVIWW XS ZEV]MRK HIKVIIW TVSFPIQW EWWSGMEXI [MXL WYWXEMREFPI GSRWYQTXMSR 8LIWI VERKI JVSQ GSRWYQTXMSR SJ FEWMGW WYGL EW JSSH ERH GPSXLMRK XS QSFMPMX] and social relationships. Sustainable consumption should be understood as a situation where consumer needs and demands are fulfilled in as efficient and resource lean way as possible VIWYPXMRK MR QMRMQM^IH RIKEXMZI IRZMVSRQIRXEP WSGMEP ERH IGSRSQMG MQTEGX 8LI YPXMQEXI KSEP of sustainable consumption is improved quality of life for all consumers. For consumers in the +PSFEP 7SYXL WYWXEMREFPI GSRWYQTXMSR MW EPWS ER MQTSVXERX WXVEXIK] JSV TSZIVX] EPPIZMEXMSR where improving access to basic services such as water and energy facilitate economic development. This is evident from cases such as the Mumbai Grahak Panchayat (MGP) in India

'LEVOMI[MG^ &IRRIOSQ ERH =SYRK -X MW ER MRRSZEXMZI HMWXVMFYXMSR QSHIP XLEX YWIW

GSSTIVEXMZI TYVGLEWMRK XS TVSQSXI GSWX WEZMRKW JSV XLI GSRWYQIV FYX EPWS GSRXVMFYXI TSZIVX] EPPIZMEXMSR XLVSYKL WYWXEMREFPI GSRWYQTXMSR GLSMGIW *SV I\EQTPI XLI MGP purchases from 8YKM E GSQTER] XLEX FY]W JVYMXW JVSQ JSVIWX H[IPPIVW ÂŚ E WSGMEPP] QEVKMREPM^IH KVSYT ERH QEOIW XLIQ MRXS TVIWIVZIW XLIVIF] IRWYVMRK XLEX XLI] HS RSX LEZI XS YWI WPEWL ERH FYVR EKVMGYPXYVI XS WYVZMZI IGSRSQMGEPP] FYX GER YWI JSVIWXW MR E WYWXEMREFPI QERRIV 'EVI MW EPWS XEOIR XS EZSMH I\GIWWMZI TEGOEKMRK ERH HIPMZIVMIW EVI TEGOIH MR VIYWEFPI GPSXL FEKW (YI XS XLI QIQFIVWLMT WM^I EPQSWX JEQMPMIW MX QEOIW E GSnsiderable impact. The promising cases of social innovation in Europe and the Global South evidence that GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW HS I\MWX ERH QSVISZIV XLEX XLI] EVI VI SVMIRXMRK XLIMV WTEXMEP XIQTSVEP ERH LYQER VIPEXMSRWLMTW XS[EVH MRGVIEWIH WYWXEMREFMPMX] QIEWYVIH JVSQ WSGMEP IGSRSQMG ERH environmental aspects. Some cases do address all three dimensions of sustainability such EW XLI IGS LSYWMRK I\EQTPIW WYGL EW Findhorn eco-village 9/ ERH Sustainable Housing and Living De Kersentuin 8LI 2IXLIVPERHW %X XLI WEQI XMQI GEWIW WYGL EW XLI Milan Car Sharing [LMPI EX Â´VWX KPERGI ETTIEV XS WYTTSVX IRZMVSRQIRXEP KSEPW SJ VIHYGIH TSPPYXMSR IXG HS RSX RIGIWWEVMP] XVERWPEXI XS E WYWXEMREFPI WSPYXMSR JVSQ E QEGVS TIVWTIGXMZI -R XLMW MRWXERGI MQTVSZIQIRXW XS I\MWXMRK TYFPMG XVERWTSVX MRJVEWXVYGXYVI ERH EHHMXMSREP Â´RERGMEP ERH convenience incentives for consumers could have a much larger impact on the environment. 3J GSYVWI GEV WLEVMRK EW EPP XLI SXLIV GEWIW MW RSX XLI SRP] WSPYXMSR FYX MW E TSWWMFMPMX] XS VIHYGI XVEJÂ´G VIPEXIH TSPPYXMSR ERH QSWX SJ EPP XS FVIEO XLI GYPXYVI SJ QSFMPMX] XLEX MW XMIH XS WMRKPI YWIV GEV S[RIVWLMT -R EHHMXMSR QSWX SJ XLI TVSQMWMRK GEWI WSPYXMSRW ETTIEV XS FI highly localized and mostly occur on a small scale. Self-organization and bottom-up innovation EVI EPWS OI] GSQQSREPMXMIW FIX[IIR XLI GEWIW -R XLMW VIWTIGX )YVSTIER GSRWYQIVW ETTIEV XS QEMRP] FI QSXMZEXIH F] TVIHSQMRERXP] IXLMGEP GSRGIVRW WXVMZMRK JSV E FEPERGI FIX[IIR QEXIVMEP ERH TL]WMGEP [IPP FIMRK GMZMG HYX] ERH WSGMEP VIGSRRIGXMSR 8LIVIJSVI MX [EW important to question whether creative communities in the Global South are motivated for WMQMPEV VIEWSRW [LIR XLI] IRKEKI MR HIZIPSTMRK WSPYXMSRW JSV XLIMV S[R TVSFPIQW ;I GER observe that the European cases might be applicable to Global South communities that are YVFER IHYGEXIH ERH LEZI WMQMPEV GSRWYQTXMSR TEXXIVRW XS GSRWYQIVW MR XLI 2SVXL ,S[IZIV XLMW MW RSX RIGIWWEVMP] XLI GEWI JSV VIWSYVGI TSSV GSQQYRMXMIW MR XLI +PSFEP 7SYXL 8S VIÂľIGX SR XLMW UYIWXMSR [I RS[ GSRWMHIV XLI MRXIVEGXMSR SJ GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW MR )YVSTI ERH XLI +PSFEP WSYXL FEWIH SR XLI XLVII TMPPEVW SJ WYWXEMREFMPMX] WSGMEP IGSRSQMG ERH IRZMVSRQIRXEP dimensions.

148 The Social Pillar Motivations for sustainable innovation that focus solely on social engagement do not translate IUYEPP] MR XLI +PSFEP 7SYXL GSRXI\X 8LMW MW FIGEYWI GSPPIGXMZI MHIRXMXMIW EVI WXMPP TVIZEPIRX XS E high degree in many societies outside Europe. Despite the challenges posed to such collective MHIRXMXMIW MR XLI [EOI SJ MRGVIEWIH YVFERM^EXMSR ERH PSSWIRMRK SJ XVEHMXMSREP KIRHIV ERH OMRWLMT VSPIW RSR ;IWXIVR WSGMIXMIW EVI KIRIVEPP] JEV QSVI VSSXIH MR E WXVSRK LYQER MRJVEWXVYGXYVI This human infrastructure alleviates problems associated with child-care and care for the elderly that are experienced in Europe as highlighted by the Playground café Cafezoïde, Self Help Community Omaabi, Social elderly community Aquarius in the Netherlands and Senior Club (Raciborowice and Meerhoven) GEWIW *SV MRWXERGI MR QER] GYPXYVIW XLI GSRGITX SJ JEQMP] extends beyond the concept of the nuclear family and encompasses a much wider set of relationships. 9VFER GSQQYRMXMIW MR XLI +PSFEP 7SYXL WXEVXIH HIZIPSTMRK XLI JIEXYVIW ERH VIPEXMZI ¨MPPRIWWIW© of the so-called modern industrial societies rather recently. These features find a rather WXVSRK VIWMWXERGI MR XLI XVEHMXMSREP [E] SJ PMZMRK SJ XLI QENSVMX] SJ XLI TSTYPEXMSRW ERH MR XLI traditional values of family and community. Even the most cosmopolitan upper/middle class in the Global South still live in a mix of the two models and integrates the traditional structures [MXL XLI RI[P] EHSTXIH QSHIVR PMJIWX]PI 8LMW MW IZMHIRX JSV I\EQTPI MR XLI ¨NSMRX JEQMP]© W]WXIQW SJ -RHME 4EOMWXER &ERKPEHIWL ERH 7VM 0EROE 8LMW MW E VIEWSR [L] YVFER WSGMIXMIW MR developing countries do not (yet) have the same feeling of alienation and individualism that WIIQW XS FI XLI QENSV HVMZIV JSV XLI GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW MR )YVSTI 'VIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW LEZI GVIEXIH WSQIXLMRK RI[ XLI] LEZI SVKERM^IH XLIMV XMQI XLIMV HE]W WSQIXMQIW SV XLIMV PIMWYVI around the idea of sharing and extending the individual sphere to a community one. Other I\EQTPIW EPWS MRGPYHI XLI ¨TE]MRK KYIWX© GSRGITX MR QER] TEVXW SJ 7SYXL ERH 7SYXL )EWX %WME where students pay a small subsidy to reside with families in exchange for a room. Cultures of hospitality are also strong in the Global South and European cases such as the Lodge a student at home (Italy) and the Living Room Restaurant (the Netherlands) are areas where developing an MRJSVQEXMSR µS[ JVSQ XLI +PSFEP 7SYXL XS XLI GSRWYQIVW MR XLI 2SVXL GSYPH FI YWIJYP ;MXLSYX MHIEPM^MRK XLI WSGMEP WMXYEXMSR MR HIZIPSTMRK GSYRXVMIW SRI GER GIVXEMRP] SFWIVZI E LMKLIV PIZIP of mutual help and communitiy structure.

The Environmental Pillar 7MQMPEVP] [LMPI )YVSTIER GSRWYQIVW ETTIEV XS IRKEKI MR GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW SYX SJ E KIRYMRI HIWMVI XS GSRWYQI WYWXEMREFPI ERH IRZMVSRQIRXEPP] JVMIRHP] TVSHYGXW XLIWI HIWMVIW are not as evident among consumers in resource poor communities of the Global South. These TSSV GSQQYRMXMIW EVI RIGIWWEVMP] IRKEKIH MR E HEMP] IJJSVX XS QIIX FEWMG RIIHW ERH TVMQEV] HVMZIVW MR QIIXMRK XLIWI RIIHW EVI SVMIRXIH XS[EVHW TVMGI EJJSVHEFMPMX] ERH WEJIX] VEXLIV XLER IRZMVSRQIRXEP GSRGIVRW -R EHHMXMSR QER] SJ XLI HEMP] TVEGXMGIW SJ VIWSYVGI TSSV GSQQYRMXMIW are already sustainable (such as high levels of re-use and recycling of plastic products) despite the fact that such actions are not branded as being sustainable. %RSXLIV TIVXMRIRX TSMRX MW XLEX XLI PIZIP SJ IRZMVSRQIRXEP ERH GSRWYQIV IHYGEXMSR infrastructure is far less available to resource poor communities and this is a significant barrier to consumers having the awareness and self-organization capacity to reorient their consumption XS TEXXIVRW FEWIH SR IXLMGEP SV IRZMVSRQIRXEP GVMXIVME %JµYIRX GSRWYQIVW [LS EVI E[EVI SJ IRZMVSRQIRXEP TVSFPIQW WSQIXMQIW GSRWMHIV XLIWI MWWYIW EW ER SFWXEGPI XS IGSRSQMG KVS[XL

MR XLIMV S[R WSGMIXMIW 1SVISZIV [LIVI WYWXEMREFPI GSPPIGXMZI VIWTSRWIW EVI MR TPEGI XLIWI are more needs based than ethically based solutions. A clear example here is the situation of purchasing clubs. European cases such as the Group purchasing organisation (GAS Gruppo d’Acquisto Solidale) and Local Food Link Van Group cite concerns over food safety (health) and IRZMVSRQIRXEP TVIWWYVIW EW OI] QSXMZEXMSRW JSV GSPPIGXMZI EGXMSR FYX EPWS [IVI IRGSYVEKIH WMRGI XLMW WYWXEMREFPI FILEZMSYV SJJIVIH TVEGXMGEP IGSRSQMG EHZERXEKIW EW [IPP ;LIVIEW GSQTEVEFPI MRMXMEXMZIW WYGL EW XLI >MQFEF[I TYVGLEWMRK GPYF GMXI TVSHYGX EJJSVHEFMPMX] EW XLI QEMR HVMZIV JSV EGXMSR 7YGL I\EQTPIW LMKLPMKLX XLI PMQMXW SJ XVERWPEXMRK ;IWXIVR motivations on ethical consumption in the Global South where the paradox of poverty amidst plenty is evident. This not to suggest that consumers in the Global South are not motivated F] IXLMGEP IRZMVSRQIRXEP ZEPYIW FYX VEXLIV XLEX XLI WGEPI SJ XLMW QSXMZEXMSR EW MX VIPEXIW XS sustainable consumption choices appears to be much more detectable in the European cases of social innovation. This could be due to a variety of reasons such as the use of different technologies and information platforms. It also highlights why more in-depth research on creative communities in resource poor communities is very much warranted. These cases also highlight the unique pitfalls associated with consumer choice and access where resource poor GSQQYRMXMIW GS I\MWX FIWMHI EJµYIRX GSQQYRMXMIW %RSXLIV MQTSVXERX JEGXSV MW XLI [MHIRMRK gap between a middle class that is more and more oriented towards a more individualistic GSRWYQTXMSR ERH JYRGXMSREPMX] SVMIRXIH WSGMIX] QSHIP SR SRI LERH ERH YVFER TSSV ERH VYVEP GSQQYRMXMIW XLEX EVI WXMPP SYX SJ RIGIWWMX] ERH GYPXYVEP ZEPYIW PMROIH XS MRXVE WSPMHEVMX] QSHIPW SR XLI SXLIV -R XLI PEXXIV GEWI GER [I WTIEO SJ GVIEXMZI WSPYXMSRW# 8LI TSSVIV PIZIPW SJ WSGMIX] [LIXLIV MR YVFER WPYQW SV MR VYVEP EVIEW RIIH WLEVMRK QYXYEP LIPT ERH GVIEXMZI WSPYXMSRW sometimes simply to survive rather than for a “morally-driven” ideal as is the case in many of the European cases.

The Economic Pillar The promising factor evident in the creative communities cases is that they are often embedded in local systems of production and consumption. Examples include those cases that have a XERKMFPI GSRXVMFYXMSR XS QEOI XS TSZIVX] EPPIZMEXMSR XLVSYKL XLI TVSQSXMSR SJ WYWXEMREFPI GSRWYQTXMSR ERH TVSHYGXMSR W]WXIQW -R )YVSTI WYGL GEWIW MRGPYHI XLI XVEHMXMSREP JSSH QEVOIXW XLI Sheep project (Poland) and the Cultural Greenhouse Happihoune (Finland) In -RHME E VIPIZERX I\EQTPI MW XLEX SJ XLI HEFFE[EPPEW I\TPEMRIH MR HIXEMP MR &S\ %W XLIWI GEWIW MRHMGEXI WYGGIWWJYP I\EQTPIW SJJIV PSGEPM^IH WSPYXMSRW XLEX LIPT GVIEXI XLI STTSVXYRMX] XS HIZIPST WOMPPIH [SVOIVW ERH KIRIVEXI IQTPS]QIRX [LMPI VIHYGMRK XLI QEXIVMEP MRXIRWMX] of consumption. Economic and environmental benefits are to be gained from creating and WYTTP]MRK QEVOIXW JSV WYWXEMREFPI GSRWYQIV TVSHYGXW *SV XLI +PSFEP 7SYXL I\GIPPIRX IGSRSQMG opportunities exist to expand organic food production and pro-local sustainable production SJ GYPXYVEP TVSHYGXW EW [IPP EW XVEHMXMSREP JSSH TVSHYGXW RSX RIGIWWEVMP] SR E WGEPI XLEX [MPP JIIH XLI IZIV MRGVIEWMRK HIWMVIW SJ XLI EJµYIRX GSRWYQIV FYX VEXLIV JSV XLI RIIHW SJ XLI PSGEP GSRWYQIV -R XLMW VIWTIGX FYMPHMRK RIX[SVOW [MXL GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW IZMHIRX MR XLI Cream o’Galloway Farm and the Training Shop (La Boutique Pédagogique) could be very beneficial. Another persistent character in the middle class urban context in the Global South is the strong persistence of the so-called informal economy. Many of the needs that are addressed by creative communities are satisfied without the conscious and deliberated positive action SJ E KVSYT SJ TISTPI *SV I\EQTPI VITEMVMRK XEOMRK GEVI SJ GLMPHVIR TVITEVMRK JSSH OIITMRK the streets clean etc. are often functions filled by groups of self organized people that would

be hardly visible in any social research exercise. A clear example here would be the rubbish TMGOIVW SJ 6MS (I .ERIMVS 1I\MGS 'MX] 1ERMPE SV (LEOE 8LI] WSVX XLVSYKL KEVFEKI TMPIW SJXIR WSVXMRK QEXIVMEPW XLEX GER FI VI YWIH SV VIG]GPIH RSX EW ER IXLMGEPP] QSXMZEXIH I\IVGMWI FYX VEXLIV SYX SJ E RIIH JSV IGSRSQMG KEMRW JVSQ WIPPMRK WYGL MXIQW *YXYVI [SVO SR GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW EX XLI KPSFEP PIZIP WLSYPH MRZSPZI EW QYGL EW TSWWMFPI TEVXMGMTERXW SJ WYGL informal sectors. *VSQ E [MHIV GSRXI\X MR XLI +PSFEP 7SYXL XLIVI EVI E RYQFIV SJ I\EQTPIW SJ LS[ GVIEXMZI communities are endeavoring to sustain themselves despite the new demands and pressures of globalization. Among the examples of efforts to sustain and propogate the value of local IGSRSQMIW MW +ERHLM«W GSRGITX SJ RSR I\TPSMXEXMZI ªQSVEP IGSRSQMIW« ERH XLI ZMPPEKI WIPJ sufficency he advocated in promoting the principles of swadeshi (interiority) and sarvodaya

MQTVSZMRK IZIV]SRI«W PMZMRK GSRHMXMSRW 'LEVOMI[MG^ &IRRIOSQ ERH =SYRK %X XLI WEQI XMQI XLI LMWXSV] SJ GSTMRK [MXL TVIWWYVIW SJ HIZIPSTQIRX MRGPYHIW QSVI VIGIRX I\TIVMIRGIW SJ GVIEXMRK PSGEP YVFER QEVOIXW XS KIRIVEXI E QIERW SJ PMZIPMLSSH ERH VIHYGI poverty and environmental stress in local communities. Among such responses are also mixed W]WXIQW E GSQFMREXMSR SJ MRXIVREXMSREP ERH PSGEP TVSHYGXMSR [MXL PSGEP HMWXVMFYXMSR [LMGL WXMPP I\MWXW MR QER] GSYRXVMIW MR XLI 7SYXL % GEWI MR TSMRX LIVI [SYPH FI XLI 'SSTE 6SGE ;SQIR«W WI[MRK GSSTIVEXMZI MR &VE^MP ;SQIR JVSQ TSSV GSQQYRMXMIW YWIH QEXIVMEPW XLEX EVI IMXLIV donated or recycled to create new textile products using traditional quilting techniques. These TVSHYGXW EVI WSPH FSXL REXMSREPP] ERH MRXIVREXMSREPP] ERH LEZI FIIR E VIQEVOEFP] WYWXEMREFPI economic enterprise. The International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) identifies the benefits SJ WYGL W]WXIQW EW LEZMRK PS[IV IRIVK] MRTYX PS[IV QSFMPMX] SJ TVSHYGXW ERH GSRWYQIVW WYWXEMRMRK PSGEP NSFW ERH TVIWIVZEXMSR SJ WYWXEMREFPI TVSHYGXMSR ERH GSRWYQTXMSR EX XLI PSGEP PIZIP 'IVXEMRP] WYGL W]WXIQW WLSYPH RSX FI VSQERXMGM^IH ERH QER] GSYPH FI MQTVSZIH [MXL ER I]I JSV MRWXERGI SR KIRHIV IUYMX] 'LEVOMI[MG^ &IRRIOSQ ERH =SYRK 7YGL PSGEP consumption-production systems have not yet received prominent attention in the debate on changing consumption and production partners. Focusing on the contributions of creative communities could be a vital pathway in drawing attention to these systems.

Conclusions (IWTMXI XLI SFZMSYW HMJJIVIRGIW MR QSXMZEXMSRW XLIVI EVI QER] STTSVXYRMXMIW JSV GVIEXMZI communities in the Global South and in Europe to build synergies and exchange experiences. Such exchanges would be vital in moving the isolated cases of social creativity to a larger scale where they would be more visible on the global sustainability discourse. It should be noted XLEX MR JEGMPMXEXMRK W]RIVKMIW FIX[IIR GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW XLI EMQ [SYPH FI RSX XS VITPMGEXI XLI QSHIPW SJ GMZMG EGXMSR SR GSRWYQTXMSR MR XLI )YVSTIER GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW ¦ [LMGL MR any case cannot answer the problems encountered by those living in poverty in the South. The EMQ [SYPH FI XS SZIVGSQI XLI QSVI ZMWMFPI GEYWIW SJ TSZIVX] ERH MR HSMRK WS IQFVEGI XLI idea that a different form of consumption and production is possible and can form a basis of a consumption policy geared to promoting local production as a permanent dimension of the PEVKIV WXVYKKPI EKEMRWX TSZIVX] -X XVERWPEXIW XS XLI KIRIVEXMSR SJ NSFW ERH MRGSQI JSV XLI TSSV [LS TVSHYGI JSV XLI TSSV 0SGEP TVSHYGXW ERH WIVZMGIW SJ XLI TISTPI«W IGSRSQ] TVSZMHI XLI FEWMW JSV ER EPXIVREXMZI JSVQ SJ GSRWYQTXMSR RSX SRP] EX PS[ TVMGIW FYX EPWS IRKEKMRK PSGEP resources and invention (Hagaye 1998).

8S GSRGPYHI MR XLI +PSFEP 7SYXL TVMSVMXMIW MR PMJIWX]PI HMJJIV JVSQ XLSWI SJ XLI 2SVXL MRGPYHMRK )YVSTI«W HIZIPSTIH IGSRSQMIW )RZMVSRQIRXEP MQTEGXW HYI XS SZIV GSRWYQTXMSR SV YRWYWXEMREFPI GSRWYQTXMSR EVI PIWW YRHIVWXSSH ERH XEOIR MRXS EGGSYRX EPXLSYKL MX MW EPWS XVYI XLEX XLI IRZMVSRQIRXEP MQTEGXW EVI WQEPPIV 'VIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW EW [I GLSSWI XS VIJIV XS XLIQ GIVXEMRP] I\MWX ERH GVIEXI MRMXMEXMZIW MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL PSGEP RIIHW ,S[IZIV the motivations and the direction of these solutions are very different from the examples JSYRH [MXL XLI VIWIEVGL ERH EVI PIWW IEWMP] XVEGIEFPI 1SVISZIV XLSYKL GSRWYQIVW MR )YVSTI ERH XLI +PSFEP 7SYXL EVI FIGSQMRK MRXIVIWXIH MR IXLMGEP GSRWYQTXMSR XLMW MR MXWIPJ MW RSX enough as it provides options to a limited segment of society and would not provide options to alleviate and prevent poverty by way of enabling sustainable production systems on a wider scale. Creative communities in Europe are inspiring cases and examples of the great ZEPYI SJ E GSQQYRMX] ERH ETTIEV XS FI E WIEVGL XS VI FYMPH WSGMEP GSLIWMSR 8LIVIJSVI XLI] GSYPH FI WIIR EW [IPP EW E VIQMRHIV XS XLI +PSFEP 7SYXL PMOI E [LMWTIV XS OIIT XLIMV I\MWXMRK collectiveness as they go forward in their own economic development process.

BOX 1 Home-Food Logistics in Mumbai, India What (EFFE XVERWPEXIW EW PYRGL FS\ SV XMJ´R GEVVMIV [EPPEL QIERW E QER 1MHHPI GPEWW WYFYVFER LSYWI[MZIW TVITEVI XMIVIH PYRGL FS\IW ORS[R EW HEFFEW JSV XLIMV LYWFERHW LEVH EX [SVO MR XLI GMX]«W SJ´GIW 8LI QIEP MW HIPMZIVIH HMVIGX XS XLI [SVOTPEGI F] SRI SJ XLI GMX]«W HIZSXIH HEFFE[EPPELW This system is one of the oldest basic-life services in town (dating almost 100 years of activity). This lunch-time home to office food delivery by dabbawallahs was originated by the military efficiency W]WXIQ SJ XLI &VMXMWL 6EN Where 1YQFE] -RHME 8LIVI EVI RS HEFFE[EPPELW ER][LIVI IPWI MR -RHME SV XLI [SVPH ERH XLI] EVI I\XVIQIP] TVSYH SJ XLIMV [SVO How IZIV] HE] E GVI[ SJ EFSYX HEFFE[EPPELW HMWWIQMREXIH JVSQ XLI WYFYVFW XS XLI GIRXVI SJ 1YQFE] HIEP [MXL QSVI XLER PYRGL FS\IW 8LI QIEP MRGPYHIW E QEMR HMWL E WMHI HMWL VMGI SV GLETTEXMW ERH TMGOPIW 8LI HEFFE[EPPELW GER«X VIEH FYX YWI ER MRKIRMSYW W]WXIQ SJ GSHIW GSPSYVW ERH W]QFSPW XS HMWXMRKYMWL FIX[IIR XLI HEFFEW XLI] HIPMZIV SR E HEMP] FEWMW 8LI XEWO MW GSQTPIXIH MR NYWX X[S LSYVW JVSQ QMHHE] XS TQ ERH EX S«GPSGO XLI [LSPI TVSGIWW MW VIZIVWIH ERH IEGL FS\ MW VIXYVRIH XS MXW VMKLXJYP LSQI QEOMRK RS QMWXEOIW -X«W E QMVEGPI SJ SVKERMWEXMSR and efficiency. Price E HEFFE[EPPEL GLEVKIW VYTIIW TIV GPMIRX TIV QSRXL ERH IEVRW EFSYX VYTIIW ($40) per month. Special features 8LMW MW E ZIV] KSSH I\EQTPI SJ OIITMRK EPMZI PSGEP GYPXYVIW ERH JSSH XVEHMXMSRW The success of the service is granted by the high-level vs. low-tech organisational structure and the ensuing satisfaction of customers. It represents an excellent alternative solution to the on-going MRGVIEWI SJ JEWX JSSH ERH [IWXIVR XIRHIRG] VIWXEYVERXW MR XS[R [LMGL XLVIEXIR PSGEP JSSH LEFMXW and the many different eating cultures of India.

Bibliography 'LEVOMI[MG^ &IRRIOSQ ERH =SYRK Transitions to Sustainable Production and Consumption: Concepts policies and actions 4EVX 6IKMSREP 4IVWTIGXMZIW 7LEOIV 4YFPMWLMRK 2IXLIVPERHW T ,EKE]I %K 1 Senegal in Development ZSP )2(% 2S TT

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Edina Vadovics with contributions from Ruben Mnatsakanian Central Europe University

Emerging creative and sustainable solutions in Central Eastern Europe ;I ´VWX VIµIGX SR XLI VIGIRX TEWX ERH TSPMXMGEP GLERKI XLEX XSSO TPEGI MR 'IRXVEP )EWXIVR )YVSTI MR XLI PEXI W ¦ IEVP] W XS FIXXIV YRHIVWXERH XLI GMVGYQWXERGIW MR [LMGL GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW WXEVXIH XS ETTIEV ERH XLI VIEWSRW JSV XLIMV ETTIEVERGI ;I XLIR QSZI SR XS GSQQIRXMRK SR XLI KVSYTW SJ GEWIW TVIWIRXIH MR XLI FSSO XLVSYKL I\EQMRMRK XLIQ JVSQ XLI TSMRX SJ ZMI[ SJ [MHIV WGEPI ETTPMGEXMSR XS XLI ')) VIKMSR FEWIH SR GYPXYVEP MWWYIW GSRWYQIV XVIRHW ERH VIGIRX TSPMXMGEP GLERKI

Some background 'IRXVEP )EWXIVR )YVSTI ')) MW E VIKMSR XLEX GER FI HI´RIH MR HMJJIVIRX [E]W LS[IZIV MR XLMW FSSO XLMW XIVQ VIJIVW XS XLI '^IGL 6ITYFPMG )WXSRME ,YRKEV] 0EXZME 0MXLYERME 4SPERH 7PSZEOME ERH 7PSZIRME IMKLX SJ XLI XIR GSYRXVMIW XLEX NSMRIH XLI )YVSTIER 9RMSR MR %TEVX JVSQ XLIMV GSQQSR EGGIWWMSR XLSYKL [LEX MW WMQMPEV EFSYX XLIWI GSYRXVMIW XLEX QEHI us group them together? 1SWX MQTSVXERXP] XLI] EPP FIPSRKIH XS XLI WS GEPPIH WSGMEPMWX FPSGO [LMGL QIERW XLEX XLI] EPP LEH GIRXVEPP] TPERRIH IGSRSQMG ERH TSPMXMGEP W]WXIQW XLEX HMH RSX IRGSYVEKI PSGEP GVIEXMZMX] ERH OITX GLSMGIW XLYW LSYWILSPH GSRWYQTXMSR EX E VIPEXMZIP] PS[ PIZIP %X XLI WEQI XMQI EPXLSYKL MRMXMEXMZI XEOMRK SYXWMHI XLI GSQQYRMWX TEVX] [EW RSX [IPGSQI TEVXMGMTEXMSR MR the various activity and voluntary groups organised by the party was greatly encouraged MR E [E] SJXIR WIQM GSQTYPWSV] %W E VIWYPX TISTPI [IVI MRZSPZIH MR ]SYXL KVSYTW XSSO TEVX MR PSGEP GPIER YTW XVII TPERXMRKW TEVX] JIWXMZEPW LIPTIH XLIMV GLMPHVIR XS GSPPIGX [EWXI WITEVEXIP] EXXIRHIH GPYFW JSV WIRMSVW ERH TEVXMGMTEXIH MR RIMKLFSYVLSSH [EXGL WGLIQIW ERH MR E ZEVMIX] SJ SXLIV GSPPIGXMZI EGXMZMXMIW 7S [I GER WE] XLEX XLI GSQQYRMWX TEVX] XVMIH MXW FIWX XS MRGPYHI IZIV]SRI MR WSQI OMRH SJ E KVSYT IEGL SJ [LMGL LEH UYMXI E JYPP ERH ZEVMIH WGLIHYPI SJ EGXMZMXMIW 8LYW YRPIWW ]SY [IVI WSQISRI [MXL MRHMZMHYEP GVIEXMZI MHIEW ]SY JIPX MRXIKVEXIH MRXS WSGMIX] ERH TVSTIVP] XEOIR GEVI SJ -R XLI FEGOKVSYRH LS[IZIV XLIVI [EW QSYRXMRK TVIWWYVI SR XLI IRZMVSRQIRX EW MX [EW ZMI[IH EW E VIWSYVGI JVIIP] EZEMPEFPI JSV I\TPSMXEXMSR ERH RIMXLIV QEXIVMEP RSV IRIVK] IJ´GMIRG] SJ TVSHYGXMSR [IVI TVMSVMX] MWWYIW %HHMXMSREPP] JYPP IQTPS]QIRX JVII IHYGEXMSR JSV EPP [IPP TPERRIH ERH GLIET TYFPMG XVERWTSVX W]WXIQW EW [IPP EW E ZIV] KSSH WSGMEP ERH LIEPXL GEVI W]WXIQ [IVI ZIV] I\TIRWMZI XS QEMRXEMR 8LIWI XSKIXLIV [MXL XLI MRGVIEWMRK RYQFIV SJ TISTPI HIQERHMRK QSVI TSPMXMGEP JVIIHSQ XLI JVIIHSQ SJ WTIIGL ERH XLI JVIIHSQ XS WIPJ SVKERMWI RIGIWWMXEXIH E GLERKI XLEX XSSO TPEGI MR XLI PEXI W ERH IEVP] W

Creative communities in CEE 4ISTPI MR XLI ')) VIKMSR NYWX EW QYGL EW MR ;IWXIVR )YVSTI LEZI FIIR EGXMZI MR ´RHMRK ERH constructing their own solutions to their needs unsatisfied by mainstream society and/or the WXEXI 8LMW MW XVYI MR XLI GSYRXVMIW SJ XLI ')) VIKMSR IWTIGMEPP] WMRGI XLI EFSZI QIRXMSRIH

change of regime. The variety of creative community solutions can be exemplified by the fact XLEX E UYEVXIV SJ XLI GEWIW TVIWIRXIH MR XLMW FSSO [IVI GSPPIGXIH JVSQ )WXSRME ERH 4SPERH two of the countries in the region. Now we will examine them following the logic behind XLI TVIWIRXEXMSR SJ XLI GEWIW MR XLI FSSO ERH TSMRX SYX WMQMPEVMXMIW EW [IPP EW HMJJIVIRGIW FIX[IIR XLI ;IWXIVR ERH )EWXIVR )YVSTIER EWTIGX SJ GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW MR XLI WIGXMSRW that we find most interesting.

Housing 8LIVI MW E HMZIVWI WIPIGXMSR SJ GEWIW MRGPYHIH MR XLI FSSO YRHIV XLMW LIEHMRK WSQI SJ XLIQ GEXIVMRK JSV XLI RIIHW SJ XLI KVS[MRK RYQFIV SJ IPHIVP] SXLIVW JSGYWMRK SR MQTVSZMRK XLI UYEPMX] SJ RIMKLFSYVLSSHW XLVSYKL KEVHIRMRK WXMPP SXLIVW TVSQSXMRK XLI I\XIRWMSR SJ XLI PMJI G]GPI SJ FYMPHMRK QEXIVMEPW SV JYVRMXYVI ERH ER MQTSVXERX KVSYT SJ GEWIW MW EFSYX TISTPI searching for a completely new way of life in the form of eco-villages. Some of these groups of cases are more relevant to the CEE region than others as they cater for emerging needs or are part of the specific culture of consumption there. *SV I\EQTPI VIG]GPMRK ERH VIYWI SR XLI LSYWILSPH WGEPI LEW E PSRK ERH WXVSRK XVEHMXMSR MR ')) 4ISTPI EVI VIPYGXERX XS XLVS[ XLIMV XLMRKW E[E] XLI] GER EP[E]W ´RH E RI[ YWI JSV SPH SFNIGXW KMZI XLIQ XS XLIMV RIMKLFSYVW SV KIX VMH SJ XLIQ EX XLI ERRYEP NYRO GPIEVERGI SVKERM^IH F] QYRMGMTEP KSZIVRQIRXW 3R XLI NYRO GPIEVERGI HE]W TISTPI TYX XLIMV YR[ERXIH SFNIGXW JYVRMXYVI GPSXLIW FMG]GPIW IXG SR XLI WXVIIX ERH FIJSVI XLI QYRMGMTEP KSZIVRQIRX GSPPIGXW XLIQ ER]SRI GER GSQI ERH XEOI XLIQ E[E] JSV JVII 8LMW TVEGXMGI ERH XLI WXVSRK tradition of reuse can explain why initiatives teaching people new ways of reuse and recycling such as the Furniture re-designing studio (Mööblikom) or Used construction material recycling (Materjalid.net) are widespread. )GS ZMPPEKIW ETTIEV XS FI ZIV] TSTYPEV MR XLI ')) VIKMSR XSS -R XLI FSSO XLI] EVI I\IQTPM´IH by the Model Eco-friendly Hamlet in Poland FYX [I GER ´RH E KVIEX RYQFIV SJ WMQMPEV TVSNIGXW in CEE countries. In Hungary alone we have information about more than ten eco-village MRMXMEXMZIW ;LEX MW GSQQSR XS XLIQ MW XLEX XLI] TVSQSXI ER IRZMVSRQIRXEPP] JVMIRHP] PMJIWX]PI MRGPYHMRK LSYWMRK [SVO ERH JSSH [LMPI EXXIQTXMRK XS SZIVGSQI WSGMEP TVSFPIQW 8LI] offer complex solutions to various challenges present in the countryside: environmental HIKVEHEXMSR SVKERMG EKVMGYPXYVI ERH YXMPMWEXMSR SJ EPXIVREXMZI IRIVK] WSYVGIW HITSTYPEXMSR

152 SJ ZMPPEKIW GVIEXMRK PSGEP NSFW ERH EXXVEGXMRK TISTPI JVSQ XLI GMXMIW ERH PEGO SJ PSGEP NSFW

VIZMZMRK PSGEP GVEJXW ERH XVEHMXMSRW EW JSV I\EQTPI MR The Sheep Project). The popularity of such initiatives in the region can be explained by these characteristics and the fact that they EVI SJXIR TVSQSXIH F] ZIV] HIZSXIH TISTPI [LS [SYPH PMOI XS ´RH EPXIVREXMZIW XS GETMXEPMWQ ERH XLI QEVOIX IGSRSQ] XLI SRP] STXMSRW TVIWIRXIH MR XLI PEXI W ¦ IEVP] W %X XLI WEQI XMQI MRMXMEXMZIW EMQMRK EX WSPZMRK LSYWMRK TVSFPIQW ERH XEOMRK GEVI SJ XLI IPHIVP] WYGL EW XLI Social elderly community Aquarius EX PIEWX XS SYV ORS[PIHKI GERRSX ]IX FI JSYRH MR XLI VIKMSR 7MQMPEVP] XS XLI +PSFEP 7SYXL XLI IPHIVP] EVI YWYEPP] XEOIR GEVI of by members of their own family in CEE countries. Another consideration is that in this VIKMSR TISTPI QSWX SJXIR S[R XLI LSYWI SV µEX XLI] PMZI MR ERH EVI PIWW PMOIP] XS VIRX XLER MR ;IWXIVR )YVSTI 8LI IPHIVP] EVI ZIV] VIPYGXERX XS WIPP XLIMV LSYWIW YRPIWW MX MW FIGEYWI XLI] [ERX XS QSZI GPSWIV XS XLIMV JEQMPMIW 6IRXMRK E µEX MR E GSQQYREP TPEGI WYGL EW XLI SRI described in Aquarius MW YRPMOIP] EX XLI QSQIRX MR '))

JVMIRHW ERH XLI I\XIRHIH JEQMP] ;MXL XLI GLERKI SJ XLI TSPMXMGEP ERH IGSRSQMG W]WXIQ FSXL SJ XLIWI XVIRHW WXEVXIH GLERKMRK VEXLIV HVEQEXMGEPP] *EQMPMIW RS[ SJXIR S[R QSVI XLER SRI GEV EVI ZIV] IEKIV XS YWI XLIQ ERH JSPPS[MRK E VIHYGXMSR SJ WYFWMHMIW XLI TYFPMG XVERWTSVX W]WXIQ MW HIXIVMSVEXMRK *YVXLIVQSVI ER MRGVIEWMRK RYQFIV SJ TEVIRXW HVMZI XLIMV GLMPHVIR XS WGLSSP GEYWMRK XVEJ´G NEQW ERH EMV TSPPYXMSR 8LYW XLI XMQI MW RSX ]IX VMTI JSV MRMXMEXMZIW WYGL EW MR XLI Milan Car Sharing I\EQTPI SV XLI Walking Bus (Andiamo a scuola da soli) FYX XVIRHW EVI HI´RMXIP] TSMRXMRK XS[EVHW XMQIW [LIR XLI] [MPP FI FEHP] RIIHIH %W ')) GSYRXVMIW EVI RS[ TEVX SJ XLI )YVSTIER 9RMSR MX [SYPH FI advantageous for them to learn about such successful sustainably-orientated alternatives from ;IWXIVR GSYRXVMIW RSX SRP] XLI I\EQTPIW SJ GSRWYQTXMSR HVMZIR TSPMG] ERH TVEGXMGI XLEX EVI WS often aped. -X MW MQTSVXERX XS RSXI XLEX G]GPMRK MW MRGVIEWMRKP] TSTYPEV MR XLI VIKMSR LS[IZIV XLI PEGO SJ KSSH quality bicycle roads is a big obstacle to widespread use and further development.

Eating

Conclusions

6IµIGXMRK SR XLI GEWIW VIPEXMRK XS KEVHIRMRK ERH JEQMP] WGEPI JSSH TVSHYGXMSR PIH YW XS XLI RI\X KVSYT SJ GEWIW GSPPIGXIH YRHIV XLI XMXPI SJ ªIEXMRK« 8LIVI EVI ZEVMSYW XVEHMXMSRW ERH XVIRHW XLEX RIIH XS FI QIRXMSRIH LIVI *MVWX SJ EPP UYMXI E JI[ TISTPI MR ')) GSYRXVMIW LEZI gardens (often loan gardens) where they grow food for themselves and for sale in the local QEVOIX -R XLI ZIV] VIGIRX TEWX QSWX XS[RW LIPH VIKYPEV PSGEP QEVOIXW [LIVI XLIWI TISTPI GSYPH WIPP XLIMV TVSHYGI ERH KIRIVEXI I\XVE MRGSQI JSV XLIQWIPZIW ,S[IZIV [MXL XLI GLERKI SJ IGSRSQMG W]WXIQ ERH QSVI WXVMRKIRX )9 PIKMWPEXMSR JSV QEVOIXW VIKEVHMRK JSSH WEJIX] L]KMIRI ERH QEVOIX STIVEXMSR E KVIEX RYQFIV SJ XLI QEVOIXW RIIHIH XS FI GPSWIH HS[R 8LMW [E] WQEPP KVS[IVW [IVI JSVGIH SYX SJ XLI QEVOIX SV RS[ RIIH XS XVEZIP PSRK HMWXERGIW XS FI EFPI XS WIPP XLIMV TVSHYGI 8LYW MRMXMEXMZIW WYGL EW XLI Little Organic Market (Biomercatino) Alfred Food and Drink Delivery (Chmielnik Zdroj Ltd), the Eco-pantry (Ökoshaver) XLI Natural Food System near the Roads EMQMRK XS EWWMWX WQEPP KVS[IVW ERH GSRRIGX XLIQ [MXL GSRWYQIVW MR YVFER EVIEW EVI ZIV] MQTSVXERX TSTYPEV MR XLI VIKMSR ERH GER KVIEXP] GSRXVMFYXI XS RYVXYVMRK PSGEP XVEHMXMSRW PMZIPMLSSHW ERH HMZIVWMX] 7IGSRHP] E XVIRH XLEX MW NYWX XEOMRK VSSX MW WSGMEPP] VIWTSRWMFPI TYVGLEWMRK SV JEMV XVEHI %X XLI QSQIRX GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW PMOI XLI Group purchasing organisation (GAS Gruppo d’Acquisto Solidale) GERRSX FI JSYRH MR XLI VIKMSR -J SRI [SYPH PMOI XS ´RH JEMV XVEHI TVSHYGXW LI WLI [SYPH VYR MRXS IRSVQSYW HMJ´GYPXMIW EW GIVXM´IH JEMV XVEHI TVSHYGXW EVI ZIV] VEVI IZIR MR XLI PEVKIWX GMXMIW 8LMW LS[IZIV MW PMOIP] XS GLERKI XLEROW XS XLI [SVO SJ 2+3W TVSQSXMRK GSRWGMSYW GSRWYQTXMSR ERH TISTPI«W KVS[MRK E[EVIRIWW SJ IRZMVSRQIRXEP and social exploitation.

-R XLMW WIGXMSR [I XVMIH XS HVE[ EXXIRXMSR XS GIVXEMR GLEVEGXIVMWXMGW SJ XLI ')) VIKMSR FYX SYV EREP]WMW [EW JEV JVSQ GSQTVILIRWMZI %W E GSRGPYWMSR [I [SYPH PMOI XS IQTLEWM^I X[S QIWWEKIW XLEX XLMROMRK EFSYX GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW MR ')) GSYRXVMIW GSRZI]W -R XLI ´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that the contribution of these initiatives to more sustainable forms of living is valued and their more widespread use is promoted. 8LIR PIEVRMRK EW [IPP EW XLI I\GLERKI SJ MHIEW ERH GVIEXMZI WSPYXMSRW FIX[IIR XLI )EWXIVR ERH ;IWXIVR TEVX SJ XLI )YVSTIER 9RMSR WLSYPH FIGSQI KIRIVEP TVEGXMGI ERH JEGMPMXEXI E XVERWMXMSR XS QSVI WYWXEMREFPI IZIV]HE] WSPYXMSRW &SXL XLI )EWX ERH XLI ;IWX LEZI E KVIEX RYQFIV SJ I\EQTPIW XS SJJIV ERH [LEX LEW EPVIEH] FIIR PIEVRX MR SRI VIKMSR WLSYPH WTIIH YT PIEVRMRK MR XLI SXLIV [MXL EXXIRXMSR XS PSGEP RIIHW ERH WOMPPW ERH [MXLSYX IRHERKIVMRK HMZIVWMX] ZMXEP XS XLI resilience and survival of any system.

Commuting ;LIR HMWGYWWMRK XLI VIGIRX TEWX SJ ')) [I QIRXMSRIH XLEX EPP SJ XLIWI GSYRXVMIW LEH ZIV] effective public transportation systems reaching even the most remote settlements. At the WEQI XMQI MX [EW UYMXI VEVI JSV JEQMPMIW XS TSWWIWW GEVW )ZIR MJ JEQMPMIW GSYPH EJJSVH XS FY] E GEV XLI] LEH XS [EMX SR ER SJ´GMEP [EMXMRK PMWX JSV ]IEVW FIJSVI XLI] GSYPH KIX SRI 8LIWI factors naturally promoted the use of public transport and encouraged car sharing among

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Helma Luiten TNO The Netherlands

Replication of the cases: environmental considerations and technological demands 8LIWI GEWIW WLS[ GVIEXMZI TISTPI 4ISTPI [LS WSGMEPM^I [LS EVI MRRSZEXMZI ERH [LSWI FILEZMSYV GVIEXIW ER MQTEGX SR WSGMIX] ;I [SYPH PMOI XS WII XLI GEWIW FIMRK VITPMGEXIH F] JSPPS[IVW WS EW XS MRGVIEWI XLI SZIVEPP MQTEGX ;LEX EVI XLI IRZMVSRQIRXEP PIWWSRW [I PIEVRX ERH [ERX XS XEOI MRXS EGGSYRX [LIR [I WYTTSVX WYGL VITPMGEXMSR# %RH MW MX TSWWMFPI XS WYTTSVX XLI GEWIW F] XIGLRSPSKMIW ERH innovations in order to be attractive to a larger audience of followers?

Environmental lessons All cases have been qualitatively evaluated on their impact on the environment. Both the intended positive contributions to the environment as the unintended effects on the environment are considered.

Housing The cases within this category show: C TISTPI PMZMRK XSKIXLIV ERH WLEVMRK TEVXW SJ XLIMV PMJI PMZMRK MR SRI LSYWI E FYMPHMRK SV separate houses within a small area. C TISTPI SVKERM^MRK PSGEP EGXMZMXMIW JSV WEJIX] ERH SV E RMGI PMZMRK IRZMVSRQIRX ERH F] HSMRK WS increasing the social fabric C TISTPI XLEX MRHMZMHYEPP] SV [MXLMR E KVSYT ETTP] IRZMVSRQIRXEP JVMIRHP] IRIVK] W]WXIQW FYMPHMRK QEXIVMEP VIYWI JYVRMXYVI IXG

The case contributes to the environmental by increase of natural environment in the neighbourhood (for example neighbourhood public green of the Loan gardens) or reduction of QEXIVMEP HEQEKI &YX XLIWI MRMXMEXMZIW GSRXVMFYXI QEMRP] XS WSGMEP GSLIWMSR TYWLMRK TISTPI XS do things together with a common aim. The cases that show people applying environmental technologies are promising from an environmental point of view. In general centralised power generation seems to be efficient FIGEYWI SJ WGEPI EHZERXEKIW GIRXVEPMWEXMSR XLSYKL MRHYGIW XVERWTSVXEXMSR SJ IRIVK] From an environmental point of view it is advisable to produce alternative energy on a local scale. It limits the need for transportation but is at the same time more efficient than production on an individual level. ;LEX MW MRXIVIWXMRK XS WII MR E JI[ SJ XLI GEWIW MW XLI QSXMZEXMSR XS SVKERM^I SR E PSGEP WGEPI and to organize among a group of people. These forms of distributed power generation is a promising concept for environmental sustainability. Considerations for replication ;LIR XLMROMRK SJ VITPMGEXMSR XLI STXMQYQ SJ XLI EQSYRX SJ EXXIRHIIW XS SRI MRMXMEXMZI WLSYPH FI PSSOIH JSV 8LI QSVI EXXIRHERXW XS SRI MRMXMEXMZI XLI QSVI XLIVI MW XS WLEVI &YX E PEVKI group of users can induce the feeling of irresponsibility and as a consequence result in bad maintenance. For social cohesion benefits it is preferable to limit the amount of attendees too. It is better to try to multiply initiatives and thus to facilitate starting up of new creative communities than to enlarge a creative community with more attendees. A group of people that co-operate on a local level seems a promising concept. And a lot of cases can obtain a higher environmental benefit from incorporating environmental friendly systems.

8LI QEMR IRZMVSRQIRXEP EHZERXEKI SJ RI[ OMRH SJ KVSYTMRK SJ TISTPI PMZMRK XSKIXLIV MW XLI reduction of energy use for heating because of shared use of living space. Heating is the main environmental impact factor of households. The smaller an average household becomes the more energy is used in total for heating because of inefficient use of spaces. Another environmental advantage of sharing housing is that it reduces building waste from old buildings and reduces the need for new building material. Some of the cases show initiatives that intentionally rebuild old buildings for co-housing purposes. And also the co-housing of students within private houses of elderly reduces the need for new houses. 1SVISZIV PMZMRK XSKIXLIV TISTPI I\TIVMIRGI PIWW RIIH XS GSQQYXI XLI] VIPEXI XS PMZI RIEVF] PMOI XLI GEWI SJ XLI Social elderly community Aquarius. *MREPP] PMZMRK XSKIXLIV EPWS MRHYGIW XLI WLEVMRK SJ TVSHYGXW PMOI [EWLMRK QEGLMRIW PE[R QS[IVW GEVW FMOIW EW JSV I\EQTPI GER FI WIIR MR XLI GEWI SJ Sustainable Housing and Living De Kersentuin.

Eating

Some of the cases within the category of Housing show people that organize themselves and SXLIVW XS KIX E TPIEWERX PMZMRK IRZMVSRQIRX F] MRHYGMRK XLI WEJIX] MR XLI RIMKLFSYVLSSH QEMRXEMRMRK KVIIR TEVXW IXG &] HSMRK WS XLIWI TISTPI MRGVIEWI XLI WSGMEP JEFVMG

The cases that deal with food and eating are almost all focussed on organic food and/or local TVSHYGIH JSSH 8LI IRZMVSRQIRXEP EHZERXEKIW SJ XLMW OMRH SJ JSSH EVI PIWW XS\MG WYFWXERGIW

WTIGMÂ´GEPP] JSV SVKERMG JSSH E GSRXVMFYXMSR XS FMSHMZIVWMX] VIHYGXMSR SJ IRIVK] YWI JSV

154 GSSPMRK FIGEYWI SJ GSRWYQTXMSR SJ WIEWSREP TVSHYGXW ERH JSV XVERWTSVXEXMSR FIGEYWI SJ XLI

local base supply chain. The most negative impact to the environment is the land use. Especially for the production of SVKERMG JSSH QSVI PERH MW RIIHIH GSQTEVIH XS XLI MRHYWXVMEPMWIH TVSHYGXMSR SJ JSSH Transportation has an important impact on the total food chain. The way the logistics are organized determines the environmental impact of the food chain. The cases around food show closer interaction between consumer and producer: this will imply a new way the logistics are SVKERMWIH FYX XLI [E] MX MW SVKERMWIH [MXLMR XLI GEWIW MW TVSFEFP] RSX EP[E]W QSVI IJ´GMIRX There are other interesting environmental beneficial mechanisms to be seen within the cases: C VIHYGXMSR SJ GLSMGI FYX MRGVIEWI SJ XLI HMWGSZIV] SJ XLI WIEWSREP JSSH XLI ZIKIXEFPI FS\IW SJJIV GYWXSQIVW SVKERMG SV PSGEP JSSH F] WYFWGVMTXMSR 4ISTPI GER RSX GLSSWI XLIQWIPZIW FYX LEZI IZIV] [IIO XLI EZEMPEFMPMX] SJ XLI WIEWSREP JSSH C MRGVIEWI XLI EGGIWW XS SVKERMG ERH SV PSGEP JSSH 1ER] GEWIW EVI EFSYX SJJIVMRK TISTPI XLI STTSVXYRMX] XS FY] XLI JSSH XLI] [ERX F] MRGVIEWMRK XLI EGGIWWMFMPMX] 8LI EGGIWWMFMPMX] MW MRGVIEWIH F] E QEVOIX MR XLI RIMKLFSYVLSSH RIEV XLI VSEH HIPMZIV] EX LSQI IXG C XVERWTSVXEXMSR SJ XLI PSGEP TVSHYGXMSR MR GS STIVEXMSR XLI GEWIW WLS[ KSSH I\EQTPIW SJ GS STIVEXMZI TVSZMHIVW QEOMRK IJ´GMIRX XVERWTSVXEXMSR GLEMRW C TISTPI WIEVGL JSV EPXIVREXMZIW XLI] [ERX WII JSV I\EQTPI XLI TISTPI [MXLMR XLI Group purchasing organisation G.A.S. that together buy food from local producers) according to various principles. The power of the group is again an important enabler . C TISTPI XEOI TEVX MR XLI TVSHYGXMSR 8LI EHHIH ZEPYI JSV XLIQ MW XLEX XLI] ORS[ [LEX XLI] KIX [LIVI MX GSQIW JVSQ IXG %RH XLMW MRHYGIW XLI WSGMEP GSLIWMSR ERH XLI WIRWI SJ VIWTSRWMFMPMX] XS[EVHW XLI IRZMVSRQIRX XSS EW XLI GEWIW WLS[ C TISTPI IEXMRK ERH GSSOMRK XSKIXLIV 8LMW VIWYPXW MR QSVI IJ´GMIRX YWI SJ IRIVK] JSV GSSOMRK PIWW JSSH [EWXI IXG Considerations for replication A closer relationship between the producer and the consumer of food have several environmental advantages. At the same time the way the transportation is organised should be well thought through: co-operation for efficient logistics seems important as also covering a limited area for one service.

Commuting The initiatives within the field of commuting cover varied parts of the transportation system: [EPOMRK FMG]GPMRK JEGMPMXEXMSR XS TYFPMG XVERWTSVXEXMSR MRJVEWXVYGXYVI ERH GEV WLEVMRK 8LI QEMR IRZMVSRQIRXEP GSRXVMFYXMSR MW WMQMPEV XLI WYFWXMXYXMSR SJ GEV OMPSQIXVIW F] EPXIVREXMZI means of transportation. Cases act both on the means of transportation and on the infrastructures. 3R SRI WMHI FIGEYWI SJ XLI GEV GLESW MR 1MPER XLI Car Sharing seems to become a serious and attractive alternative to users. Especially as an alternative for people that feel the need for buying a car (and did not have one before) or want to purchase a second car. 3R XLI SXLIV WMHI XLI WEQI GEV GVS[HIHRIWW MW E VIEWSR JSV XLI 1MPERIWI [EPOMRK FYW (Andiamo a scuola da soli) initiative to fail to really succeed: the school is located between two ZIV] FYW] WXVIIXW ERH WMHI[EPOW EVI SJXIR TEVOIH F] GEVW WS XLEX WSQI TEVIRXW SJ XLI GLMPHVIR EPXLSYKL XLI] XLMRO MX MW LIEPXL] JSV XLIQ XS [EPO XS WGLSSP HS RSX XLMRO MX MW WEJI IRSYKL XS PIX

XLIMV GLMPHVIR [EPO F] XLMW WTIGMEP WGLSSP FYW 8LMW WMXYEXMSR VIWYPXIH MR E QMRMQYQ SJ EXXIRHIIW in this specific example. ;MXL XLI EMQ XS MQTVSZI XLI GSRHMXMSR SJ XLI TYFPMG WTEGI MR +IVQER] XLI Cycle Association MFG Fahrrad Gruppe was initiated in order to report the local government parts of the infrastructure that needs to be improved. Considerations for replication The commuting cases show that a system approach is needed and that small creative communities can offer dedicated solutions for a (small) part of this total system. Anyway it is needed to have initiatives acting on three factors: C XLI QIERW SJ XVERWTSVXEXMSR C XLI EQSYRX SJ TEWWIRKIVW ERH XLI STXMQMWEXMSR SJ XLI NSYVRI]W C XLI MRJVEWXVYGXYVIW

Working The cases that show alternative platforms of time and disposed goods (that also induces socialization among people) offer the opportunity to save on material use (as the Time Bank and the LETS Local Exchange Trading System, for example): product reusing becomes an option again. It can also reduce the need for time-efficient products (that often contain high toxicity or use a lot of energy during use) because mobilizing time of people seems to reduce consequently the need for “time efficiency”. 7SQI GEWIW FIRI´X QEMRP] JVSQ XLI QYPXMTPI YWI SJ TVSHYGXW WIVZMGIW ERH WTEGIW 7LEVMRK SJ spaces induces efficient use of energy and building space: the example of the sharing office of CICP (Centre International de Culture Populaire) shows an association that facilitates small SVKERM^EXMSRW XS TVEGXMGI XLIMV [SVO E WQEPP SVKERM^EXMSRW GER VIRX ER SJ´GI ERH E QIIXMRK VSSQ ERH QEOIW YWI SJ EPP OMRHW SJ IUYMTQIRX Considerations for replication The alternative trading platforms can introduce more individual transportation to transports TISTPI«W UYEPMX] ERH TVSHYGXW -R SVHIV XS VIHYGI XLMW GSRWIUYIRGI XLI HMWXERGI XLEX MW GSZIVIH by one platform should be limited. And professional ways of transportation and/or environmental sound ways of transportation should be incorporated. The cases that benefit from multiple users should search for the optimum of attendees. In case it gets too big responsibility and maintainability gets a problem.

Learning -R XLI GEXIKSV] SJ ªPIEVRMRK« SRI MW XLI JEGXSV MQTEGXMRK SR XLI IRZMVSRQIRXEP MWWYI XLI YWI SJ GSQQYREP WTEGIW SV XLI WLEVI SJ XLI WTEGI 8LMW PIEHW JSV MRWXERGI XS XLI VIHYGXMSR SJ IRIVK] for heating and induces a more efficient use of the living space. 7SGMEP GEVI ERH LIPTMRK TISTPI FEGO XS [SVO F] XIEGLMRK RI[ WOMPPW Coach House Trust) can have ER MRHMVIGX IJJIGX SR XLI QEXIVMEP HEQEKI HSRI XS WSGMIX] F] HVYK EHHMGXW GVMQMREPW IXG The environmental impact of cases that focus on child care is not significant: the advantages will

lay mainly in the social field. Considerations for replication 8LIWI MRMXMEXMZIW EW MR SXLIV GEWIW HS [IPP [LIR XLI WIVZMGI GSZIVW E PMQMXIH EVIE 8LMW [MPP namely minimise mobility.

Socializing The cases within this category show examples of initiatives that induce the social fabric SJ TISTPI % JI[ SJ XLI GEWIW WLS[ EPXIVREXMZI XVEHMRK TPEXJSVQW PMOI Book Exchange – Buchticket – in Germany and Exchange corner in radio Krakow). Their benefit is similar to the SRI HIWGVMFIH YRHIV XLI GEXIKSV] SJ [SVOMRK &YX EPP GEWIW MR XLMW GEXIKSV] QEMRP] FIRI´X SR social aspects and this will contribute to a better quality of life. The long term environmental benefit of a better quality of life can be a reduction of illnesses and consequently hospitalisation (with a high environmental impact). This becomes specifically interesting for cases that focus on elderly. But it is still uncertain whether these MRMXMEXMZIW EGXYEPP] [MPP OIIT TISTPI LIEPXLMIV HYVMRK XLIMV PMJIXMQI 6IWIEVGL RIIHW XS FI HSRI SR XLMW WYFNIGX [LEX EVI XLI RI[ PMJI TEXXIVRW SJ IPHIVP] TISTPI ERH [LEX [MPP FI XLI MQTEGX on health? Considerations for replication %KEMR MX MW VIGSQQIRHIH XS PMQMX XLI EVIE XLEX MW GSZIVIH F] GEWIW XLEX WTIGM´GEPP] HIEP [MXL XLI WSGMEPM^MRK MWWYI XLMW PMQMXW XLI HMWXERGI XLI TISTPI PMZI JVSQ IEGL SXLIV ERH QEOI PMZIP] interaction more possible.

Technological research issues The cases in the current situation contain only minor technological support. The people that MRMXMEXIH XLI WIVZMGI GSRGITXW SJ XLI GEWIW EVI TISTPI [MXL WXVSRK QSXMZEXMSR ERH WSQIXMQIW strong ideologies. These “heroes” sometimes act from a need and sometimes because they want to. Both these groups of people show behaviour that will not become mainstream easily. ;I FIPMIZI XLEX XIGLRSPSK] MW SRI [E] XS WYTTSVX ¨JSPPS[IVW© XS ETTP] XS E WIVZMGI XLI ¨LIVSIW© MRMXMEXIH 3V XS WYTTSVX E JSPPS[IV XS MRMXMEXI E GSVVIWTSRHMRK WIVZMGI LMQWIPJ ;LIVI XLI LIVSIW [IVI [MPPMRK XS MRZIWX XMQI ERH QSRI] XS KIX [LEX XLI] [ERXIH XIGLRSPSK] GER support the followers to get the same without what some of the followers will consider as “inconvenience”. 8LIVI EVI X[S [E]W XS PSSO EX WYTTSVX JVSQ XIGLRSPSK] C XIGLRSPSK] GER FI EHHIH XS ER MRMXMEXMZI XS WYTTSVX XLI MRMXMEXMZI EW MX MW VMKLX RS[ C XIGLRSPSK] GER FI EHHIH XS QEOI MX QSVI IEWMIV JSV JSPPS[IVW XS FIGSQI TEVXMGMTERX SJ XLI service and technology that can support the starting up of corresponding services. 8LI] EVI QYGL MRXIVVIPEXIH FIGEYWI XIGLRSPSK] XLEX WYTTSVXW XLI MRMXMEXMZI EW MX MW VMKLX RS[ GER QEOI XLI HMJJIVIRGI JSV E JSPPS[IV XS EXXIRH XLI WIVZMGI ,S[IZIV XLI XIGLRSPSKMGEP evaluation focussed on adding technology to support the multiplication of services. ;LEX GER FI WIIR MW XLEX E PSX SJ GEWIW WLS[ WMQMPEV XIGLRSPSKMGEP STTSVXYRMXMIW [LMGL EVI

Co-operating All cases face the problem of how to find and connect people with similar interests and aims. 8LMW MWWYI MW EFSYX LS[ XS ´RH XLIWI TISTPI FYMPH QYXYEP XVYWX WLEVIH ZMWMSRW ERH ´REPP] E solid result-oriented partnership. Synchronizing A lot of cases face the problem of how to facilitate practical co-operation between people with different time organizations and how to facilitate product exchanges between people. 7]RGLVSRM^EXMSR MW XLIVIJSVI EFSYX LS[ XS XYRI TISTPI XS TISTPI TISTPI XS TVSHYGXW ERH even products to products. Fluidity is an important element of the need for synchronization: XLI RIIH JSV µYMH FSSOMRK JEGMPMXMIW IEW] GLIGO SJ EZEMPEFMPMX] IXG Sharing This issue is about organizing and maintaining the sharing of products and spaces by a group of associated people. ;LS MW KSMRK XS QEMRXEMR E TVSHYGX XLEX MW RSX S[RIH F] SRI S[RIV# ;LS MW VIWTSRWMFPI# ,S[ GER TVSHYGXW FI QEHI ¨VSFYWX© FIGEYWI TISTPI EVI PIWW GEVIJYP [MXL TVSHYGXW XLEX EVI RSX ones own? How can a product be made accessible without someone personally handing over ¨XLI OI]W© SV WSQIXLMRK# Personalising Personalising can play an important role in the acceptance of sharing of products and spaces. How to achieve communal products and spaces that are able to recognize the different potential users and adapt themselves consequently? Can products be adapted to multiple users in a way that they are personalized for a specific user? 6EROMRK Because the services offered by the creative communities are often small and have an EQEXIYVMWL GLEVEGXIV TSXIRXMEP EXXIRHIIW [MPP TVSFEFP] JIIP XLI RIIH XS ORS[ QSVI EFSYX SXLIV TISTPI«W I\TIVMIRGIW ERH XLI TIVGIMZIH UYEPMX] SJ E GIVXEMR WIVZMGI 8IGLRSPSK] GER support the sharing of experiences people have with a specific service. This would offer the possibility of a bottom up quality evaluation. Quality assurance 0MROIH XS XLI JSVQIV MWWYIW XLIVI [MPP MR WSQI GEWIW EPWS FI ER STTSVXYRMX] JSV E QSVI SFNIGXMZI UYEPMX] EWWYVERGI 8IGLRSPSK] GER FI YWIH XS EWWYVI XLI VIPMEFMPMX] SJ E ZEVMIX] SJ HMJJIVIRX IRXMXMIW PMOI TISTPI TPEGIW WIVZMGIW TVSHYGXW -R WSQI GEWIW TISTPI [MPP RIIH a well-founded quality assurance for these entities. In comparison to the former technology HIQERH XLMW HIQERH LEW E QSVI XST HS[R ETTVSEGL Sheltering A suitable place where a social enterprise can perform its service can be an important precondition for the arising of a new initiative. Sometimes the house itself will be the starting TSMRX FYX SJXIR SXLIV WTEGIW EVI RIIHIH 'ER XIGLRSPSK] FI SJ E WYTTSVX JSV EGLMIZMRK

´RHMRK STIR µI\MFPI TPEGIW# %RH GER XIGLRSPSK] WYTTSVX XLI QEREKMRK SJ MX MR WYGL E [E] that individuals and communities can give life to different initiatives and different forms of organisations?

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156 8VEGOMRK ERH XVEGMRK

8VEGOMRK ERH XVEGMRK XIGLRSPSK] GER WYTTSVX TISTPI MR ORS[MRK [LIVI WSQIFSH] ERH SV products are and what people are doing. How is it possible to localize and follow them/it? How to do it in real time and for a large number of people and/or products? This technology is probably also needed when technology is implemented for synchronization purposes and in a certain degree also for co-operation purposes. Moving 8LI GEWIW WLS[ I\EQTPIW SJ TISTPI KIXXMRK XSKIXLIV QSWX SJ XLI XMQI TL]WMGEPP] ERH MR E QYGL PIWWIV HIKVII ¨ZMVXYEPP]© F] MRXIVRIX PMOI WIVZMGIW 8LMW GER TVSFEFP] MRHYGI XLI QSFMPMX] SJ people. People go for example directly to the farmer. How can we get people but also things from one place to another and how to do it in the most efficient way? Potential threat of direct relationship between producers and users and between users themselves is the increase of the transportation: these logistics are more difficult to streamline compared to large scale organized distribution. Privacy-guaranteeing This issue arises actually when technology is introduced and people are getting more and QSVI GSRRIGXIH XS IEGL SXLIV ERH XS XLI TVSHYGXW ERH WTEGIW XLI] WLEVI ;LIR XIGLRSPSK] JSV GS STIVEXMSR JSV W]RGLVSRM^EXMSR TIVWSREPM^EXMSR ERH XVEGOMRK ERH XVEGMRK MW YWIH TIVWSREP information of people is needed. How can people and products or spaces be connected to each SXLIV XVEGIEFPI ERH FI KYEVERXIIH SJ SRIW TVMZEG] MR EPP SXLIV IZIRXW SJ PMJI EX XLI WEQI XMQI# Payment % PSX SJ GEWIW [MPP JEGI XLI TVSFPIQ SJ TE]QIRX 8LMRO SJ LS[ XS HIEP [MXL TE]QIRX JSV XLI YWI of a product. How can payment exchanges be facilitated? Especially for cases where there is RSX E GPIEVP] HI´RIH TVSZMHIV XLIVI MW E RIIH JSV WYTTSVX SR XLMW ,S[ GER XLMW FI HSRI µYMHP] without for example the burden of continuously dealing with payment? Environmental friendly technologies Apart from these technological issues it has to be mentioned that the cases can also be WYTTSVXIH F] WYWXEMREFPI XIGLRSPSKMIW PMOI EPXIVREXMZI IRIVK] W]WXIQW [EXIV W]WXIQW IXG 2I[ PMZMRK JSVQW PMOI Aquarius GSYPH VEXLIV IEWMP] FI ªYTKVEHIH« F] IRZMVSRQIRXEP XIGLRSPSKMIW These new life forms offer possibilities for example distributed power generation. This would improve the environmental performance of these cases enormously.

Conclusions on the environmental effects and technological opportunities 8LI IRZMVSRQIRXEP EREP]WIW WLS[ WSQI OI] QIGLERMWQW XLEX EVI MRXIVIWXMRK JSV XLI VITPMGEXMSR of the cases and can lead us towards environmental sustainability. ;I GER HMWXMRKYMWL C 2I[ JSVQW SJ KVSYT PMJI The cases show examples of new forms of group life that clearly add value to the users. Life of XLIWI TISTPI MW UYMXI MRXIV[SZIR EQSRK IEGL SXLIV FYX TISTPI EPWS WIIQ XS OIIT XLIMV S[R space. These modern ways of communal living show interesting potentials for sustainability because of: C QSVI WLEVMRK SJ TVSHYGXW

C MRXIRWMZI YWI SJ GSQQYREP WTEGI ERH GSRWIUYIRXP] IJ´GMIRX YWI SJ IRIVK] JSV LIEXMRK ERH C TSWWMFMPMXMIW XS VIPEXMZI IEWMP] EHH XIGLRSPSKMGEP WSPYXMSRW JSV IRIVK] [EXIV WEZMRK ERH SXLIV IRZMVSRQIRXEP JVMIRHP] WSPYXMSRW IXG C 8LI TS[IV SJ XLI KVSYT 'SRWYQIVW XLEX KVSYT XSKIXLIV MR SVHIV XS FI EFPI XS QEOI E WYWXEMREFPI GLSMGI XLMW HSIW RSX necessarily mean living together). This would not be possible when people act on their own and often it would not be sustainable on an individual basis. C 1YXYEP LIPT SVKERMWIH MR KVSYT JSVQ 4ISTPI I\GLERKI XMQI ERH WOMPPW MR SVHIV XS LIPT IEGL SXLIV SYX ERH XS GVIEXI E WEJI ERH IRNS]EFPI PMZMRK IRZMVSRQIRX ¨4ISTPI JSV TISTPI© 8LMW WSPMHEVMX] MRHYGIW XLI PMJI I\XIRWMSR SJ TVSHYGXW FYX QSVI SZIV IRPEVKIW XLI UYEPMX] SJ PMJI 8LMW QYXYEP LIPT MW SVKERMWIH MR E KVSYT form in order to enlarge the exchange of help. &ILMRH XLMW [I GER VIGSKRMWI MR XLI GEWIW WSQI TSWMXMZI EGXMSRW MR XIVQW SJ IRZMVSRQIRXEP sustainability as: C XS IRLERGI XLI WSPMHEVMX] FIX[IIR TISTPI QSFMPM^I XMQI SJ TISTPI XS LIPT IEGL SXLIV SYX C XS MRXIRWMJ] XLI YWI SJ WTEGI C XS SVKERMWI SR E PSGEP WGEPI XS IRLERGI XLI WSGMEP MRXIVEGXMSR ERH QMRMQMWI QSFMPMX] C XS IRLERGI YWMRK ERH WLEVMRK MR WXIEH SJ S[RMRK C XS MRHYGI PMJI I\XIRWMSR SJ TVSHYGXW C XS IREFPI GYWXSQIVW XS QEOI E WYWXEMREFPI GLSMGI F] SJJIVMRK WYWXEMREFPI EPXIVREXMZIW C XS SJJIV E 'YWXSQM^IH WSPYXMSR F] SJJIVMRK E WSPYXMSR XLEX ´XW XS XLI WMXYEXMSR C XS VIHYGI XLI GLSMGI MR SVHIV XS GVIEXI E LMKL ZSPYQI ERH IJ´GMIRG] ERH XS EZSMH ¨[VSRK© GLSMGIW C XS GS STIVEXI JSV IJ´GMIRG] VIEWSRW SR E PSGEP WGEPI C XS EHH XIGLRSPSK] JSV WEZMRK IRIVK] YWI [EXIV YWI IXG MJ TSWWMFPI 7S JEV WSQI GSRGPYWMSR GER FI HMWGYWWIH *MVWX XLI XIGLRSPSKMGEP IZEPYEXMSR GPIEVP] WLS[W TSMRXW SJ GSRRIGXMSR JSV XIGLRSPSKMGEP WYTTSVX XLI STTSVXYRMXMIW TIV GEWI HMJJIV FYX SR E KIRIVEP PIZIP XLI] EVI XVERWZIVWEP 7IGSRH XS WYTTSVX XLI GS STIVEXMSR SJ TISTPI GSYPH FI SJ KVIEX LIPT XS IRLERGI XLI VITPMGEXMSR of the initiatives and we see a lot of technological demands in that direction. How to find TISTPI [MXL XLI WEQI MRXIVIWXW LS[ XS JSVQ E KVSYT SJ TISTPI LS[ XS GSQQYRMGEXI# 8LMW KVSYTMRK SJ TISTPI XLI GS STIVEXMSR ERH GSRWIUYIRXP] XLI WSPMHEVMX] FIX[IIR XLIQ WIIQW XS be a strong mechanism in the initiatives. *MREPP] E PSX SJ XLI XIGLRSPSKMGEP STTSVXYRMXMIW WIIQ XS TSMRX XS[EVHW -'8 WSPYXMSRW SR XLI SXLIV LERH EPWS FYMPHMRK GSRWXVYGXMSR XIGLRSPSK] ERH XIGLRSPSKMIW JSV IRIVK] IJ´GMIRG] WIIQ XS FI SJ MRXIVIWX RI\X XS HIWMKR SVMIRXIH XIGLRSPSKMIW XS EHNYWX TVSHYGXW XS QYPXMTPI YWIVW It is stressed that all the technological opportunities that are described here are merely suggestions. It does not mean that technology is the answer for the replication of the initiatives and/or for the initiatives to grow. In interaction with the service providers and participants of the current GEWIW KSZIVRQIRX ERH SXLIV EGXSVW MX WLSYPH FI HMWGYWWIH [LEX XIGLRSPSKMGEP WYTTSVX VIEPP] adds value. Also policy recommendations and new organizational forms can play an important role in the fulfilment of these demands.

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annex

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The network of schools. New ways for bottom up design driven innovation

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Luisa Collina (Politecnico di Milano)

;LEX PMIW FILMRH E KVSYT SJ ]SYRK HIWMKRIVW JVSQ IMKLX HMJJIVIRX YRMZIVWMXMIW VSEQMRK EVSYRH )YVSTIER GMXMIW EVQIH [MXL TIR TETIV ERH GEQIVE SR XLI PSSO SYX JSV RI[ GVIEXMZI WSPYXMSRW JSV IZIV]HE] PMJI# ;LEX RI[ MHIE SJ MRRSZEXMSR VIWIEVGL GVIEXMZMX] ERH HIWMKR MW LMHHIR FILMRH XLI STIVEXMSR# %RH [L] WLSYPH E YRMZIVWMX] PMOI XLI 4SPMXIGRMGS HM 1MPERS KIX MRZSPZIH MR XLI GVIEXMSR SJ WYGL E VIWIEVGLIV RIX[SVO#

&ILMRH XLI GEWIW TVIWIRXIH MR XLI TVIZMSYW TEKIW FILMRH XLI FVMKLX IZIR GLIIVJYP GSPSYVIH TMGXYVIW SJ IZIV]HE] PMJI PMIW E PIWW EXXVEGXMZI ERH QSVI GSQTPI\ IRKMRI 8LMW QEMRP] GSRWMWXW SJ JSYV PEVKIP] MRXERKMFPI IPIQIRXW [LMGL LEZI XSKIXLIV IREFPIH YW XS FYMPH YT ER MRXIVIWXMRK ERH SVMKMREP FSH] SJ ORS[PIHKI C E WYVZI] RIX[SVO C E GSHM´IH TVSGIWW C E XYXSVMRK WIVZMGI C E XIGLRSPSKMGEP TPEXJSVQ 8LI WYVZI] RIX[SVO MW QEHI YT SJ IMKLX )YVSTIER HIWMKR WGLSSPW 4SPMXIGRMGS HM 1MPERS -XEP] 8LI +PEWKS[ 7GLSSP SJ %VX 7GLSSP SJ (IWMKR 7GSXPERH 9RMZIVWMX] SJ %VX ERH (IWMKR ,IPWMROM

*MRPERH )27'- 0IW %XIPMIVW 4EVMW *VERGI 9RMZIVWMX] SJ %TTPMIH 7GMIRGIW 'SPSKRI 7GLSSP SJ (IWMKR +IVQER] (ITEVXQIRX SJ -RHYWXVMEP (IWMKR )MRHLSZIR 9RMZIVWMX] SJ 8IGLRSPSK]

2IXLIVPERHW -RRSZEXMSR 'IRXIV SJ )WXSRMER %GEHIQ] SJ %VXW 8EPPMRR %GEHIQ] SJ *MRI %VXW /VEOS[ 4SPERH The selection of these schools as “antennas” was based on four main factors: C TVI I\MWXMRK VIPEXMSRWLMTW ´ZI SJ XLIWI WGLSSPW JSVQ TEVX SJ E RIX[SVO ¦ 1)(IW 1EWXIV SJ )YVSTIER (IWMKR ¦ WXEVXIH YT MR C KISKVETLMGEP HMWPSGEXMSR MR SVHIV XS SFXEMR E VITVIWIRXEXMZI WEQTPI SJ )YVSTIER VIEPMXMIW MR E LMKLP] LIXIVSKIRISYW GSRXI\X C XLIMV TVS\MQMX] XS TVIWYQEFP] PMZIP] H]REQMG ERH MRRSZEXMZI YVFER GSRXI\XW C XLIMV MRXIVIWX MR EGXMRK EW PSGEP TVSNIGX GEXEP]WIVW MR XLMW OMRH SJ YRYWYEP I\TIVMQIRXEP activity. Each of these centres called on a number of design students to carry out field surveys. The decision to use design students as researchers was made for several disciplinary and didactic reasons. These range: C JVSQ XLIMV TVIHMWTSWMXMSR JSV RSR RIYXVEP SFWIVZEXMSR WMRGI XLMW MW EPVIEH] SVMIRXEXIH XS[EVHW MHIRXMJ]MRK JYXYVI HIWMKR TSXIRXMEP XS XLIMV WOMPP MR XVERWJSVQMRK [LEX XLI] LEZI SFWIVZIH MRXS ZMWYEP JSVQW XLEX EVI IEWMP] XVERWJIVEFPI XS SXLIV WYFNIGXW

C JVSQ XLI STTSVXYRMX] XS I\IVGMWI XLIMV WIRWMFMPMX] JSV SFWIVZEXMSR ERH IRUYMV] MR ER I\TIVMQIRXEP EGXMZMX] SJ XLMW OMRH XS XLI RIIH XS XVEMR XLIMV EFMPMX] XS W]RXLIWMWI ERH MRXIVTVIX C JVSQ XLI KIRIVEP VIPEXMSREP ¨JVIWLRIWW© SJ ]SYRK TISTPI XS XLI MQTSVXERGI SJ FVMRKMRK XLIQ MR HMVIGX GSRXEGX [MXL HMJJIVIRX YRXIWXIH QSVI WYWXEMREFPI PMJIWX]PIW 8LMW I\TIVMIRGI ERH MXW VIWYPXW FSXL MR XIVQW SJ HMHEGXMGW ERH VIWIEVGL MW XLI WYFNIGX SJ GSRXVMFYXMSRW F] -ER +VSYX JSV 8LI +PEWKS[ 7GLSSP SJ %VX 7MQSRI 1EEWI JSV XLI (ITEVXQIRX SJ -RHYWXVMEP (IWMKR )MRHLSZIR 9RMZIVWMX] SJ 8IGLRSPSK] 0M^ (EZMW JSV )27'- 0IW %XIPMIVW HM 4EVMKM ERH 'MRH] /SLXEPE JSV XLI 9RMZIVWMX] SJ %VX ERH (IWMKR ,IPWMROM YRMZIVWMX] XIEGLIVW who co-ordinated and supervised the experimental activities in four of these European design schools. 8S YRHIVXEOI XLI WYVZI] XLI YRMZIVWMX] XIEGLIVW ERH XYXSVW [IVI WYTTPMIH [MXL E OMX GJ IWWE] F] 1IVSRM ERH .IKSY XLEX [EW PEXIV HMWXVMFYXIH XS XLI WXYHIRXW XLIQWIPZIW 8LMW GSRXEMRIH EQSRK SXLIV XLMRKW [E]W SJ WIPIGXMRK TSXIRXMEPP] MRXIVIWXMRK GEWIW [LEX HS [I PSSO EX# OMRHW SJ WYVZI] HEXE [LEX MRJSVQEXMSR HS [I GSPPIGX# MR [LEX JSVQEX# ERH XLI XMQMRK required (what is the deadline?). 8LI 4SPMXIGRMGS HM 1MPERS KEZI FEGO YT EX GVMXMGEP QSQIRXW WYGL EW XLI WXEVX YT SJ EGXMZMXMIW XLI WIPIGXMSR SJ GEWIW JSV I\EQMREXMSR IXG F] XEOMRK TEVX MR TVIWIRXEXMSR [SVOWLSTW ERH GVIEXMRK E LIPTHIWO XS ERW[IV UYIWXMSRW JVSQ WXYHIRXW ERH EWWIWW QEXIVMEP EW MX [EW collected. 0EWXP] E XIGLRSPSKMGEP TPEXJSVQ [EW XLI TPEGI JSV MRXIVEGXMSR FIX[IIR RIX[SVO GS SVHMREXSVW ERH XLIMV ¨WIRWSVW© JSV I\GLERKMRK I\TIVMIRGIW FIX[IIR XLI ¨ERXIRRE© GSQQYRMXMIW ERH JSV WXSVMRK XLI [IEPXL SJ ORS[PIHKI FIMRK EGUYMVIH GJ XLI IWWE] F] 'MYGGEVIPPM % GSQTPI\ EVXMGYPEXIH WXVYGXYVIH VIWIEVGL TVSGIWW IQIVKIW JVSQ XLMW FVMIJ FEGOWXEKI HIWGVMTXMSR SJ XLI TVSNIGX [LMGL XSSO EPQSWX E ]IEV SJ IRIVK] ERH LEVH [SVO F] E GSRWMHIVEFPI RYQFIV SJ TISTPI XS FVMRK XS MXW GSRGPYWMSR *EV JVSQ GLERGI SR XLI WTSX WYVZI] QIXLSHW XLMW [EW E HIQERHMRK [E] SJ VIWIEVGLMRK [MXL EMQW XLEX KS [IPP FI]SRH XLI GEWI collection presented.

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The hidden mechanisms

162

Research hypotheses

annex

6IGSKRMXMSR MW KVS[MRK XLEX EW [IPP EW XLI TYVIP] XIGLRSPSKMGEP MRRSZEXMSR MRZSPZIH XLI TVSNIGX GSRXEMRW SXLIV JSVQW SJ WMKRM´GERX MRRSZEXMSR EQSRK [LMGL XLI GVIEXMSR SJ RI[ SVKERMWEXMSREP ERH QEREKIVMEP QSHIW RI[ HMWXVMFYXMSREP TVSGIWWIW RI[ WSGMEP QSHIPW RI[ TVSNIGXW ERH WIVZMGIW 3RI SJ XLI TVMRGMTPIW FILMRH XLMW TVSNIGX XEOIW MXW MRWTMVEXMSR JVSQ WYGL VIGSKRMXMSR ERH QSVI TVIGMWIP] JVSQ XLI MHIE XLEX HIWMKR MW RSX PMQMXIH XS WX]PMRK STIVEXMSRW 6EXLIV MX STIVEXIW EW E VIEP MRRSZEXMSR HVMZIV WS GEPPIH ¨HIWMKR HVMZIR© MRRSZEXMSR QIERMRK E OMRH SJ MRRSZEXMSR XLEX MW RSX RIGIWWEVMP] SV I\GPYWMZIP] XIGLRSPSKMGEP FYX MW L]FVMH GSQFMRMRK XIGLRSPSK] [MXL WSGMEP VIPEXMSREP SVKERMWEXMSREP TVSHYGXMZI ERH QEVOIX X]TI GSQTSRIRXW Design-driven innovation refers to the reconfiguration processes of value creation that are the result of the generative (i.e. capable of giving birth to unexpected solutions) interface between technical potential (the “field of what is technically possible”) and social potential (the “field of what is socially possible”). This principle has been made evident by the success SJ QER] WQEPP ´VQW TVSHYGMRK ¨1EHI MR -XEP]© XLEX LEZI QEHI JSVQEP GYPXYVEP W]QFSPMG VIWIEVGL VEXLIV XLER EHZERGIH XIGLRSPSK] XLI FEWMW SJ XLIMV WYGGIWW -J XLMW MW E WLEVIH TVMRGMTPI XLIR MX JSPPS[W XLEX HIWMKR VIWIEVGL I\MWXW )19() [LMGL XVMKKIVIH XLI GEWI GSPPIGXMSR TVIWIRXIH LIVI MW ER I\EQTPI ERH MW I\TPSVMRK XLIWI EQFMXW SJ MRRSZEXMSR XLI REXYVI SJ [LMGL MW ZIV] HMJJIVIRX JVSQ TYVIP] WGMIRXM´G ERH XIGLRSPSKMGEP X]TI research. 8LMW OMRH SJ VIWIEVGL MW JIH F] WSGMEP ERH GYPXYVEP TLIRSQIRE EW [IPP EW F] XIGLRSPSK] ERH F] XLI SVKERMWEXMSREP QSHIW [SVOMRK MR HMJJIVIRX MRXIVREXMSREP GSRXI\XW SR HMJJIVIRX WGEPIW from mass to community down to the individual level. ;SVO MR XLIWI EQFMXW HSIW RSX XLIVIJSVI PMQMX MXWIPJ XS HIWO WXYH] FYX GSRWMWXW QEMRP] SJ field research: a detailed examination of whatever is under observation in its usual context

JSGYWMRK EXXIRXMSR SR GSRXI\X EVXIJEGX VIPEXMSRWLMTW FI XLI] QEXIVMEP SV MRXERKMFPI YWIV phenomena) and in some cases even going to the point of involving the people concerned in self-observation and co-designing activities. In such activities there is a prevailing bottom YT µS[ SJ MRJSVQEXMSR JVSQ WMRKPI MRHMZMHYEPW STIVEXMRK MR XLIMV YWYEP IZIV]HE] GSRXI\XW XS XLI VIWIEVGLIVW VEXLIV XLER XST HS[R [LIVI IZIV]XLMRK XEOIW TPEGI MRWMHI PEFSVEXSV] [EPPW ERH VIWIEVGL GIRXVIW ERH XLI GSVI EGXMZMX] MW GEVVMIH SYX F] TVSNIGX [SVOIVW EFPI XS SFWIVZI

EREP]WI MRXIVTVIX QET SYX ERH ZMWYEPMWI [LEX MW LETTIRMRK RS[ ERH EX XLI WEQI XMQI JSVIWII TSXIRXMEP JYXYVI WGIREVMSW -R SXLIV [SVHW XLI VIWIEVGL LIVI MW QIHMEXIH F] XLI WIRWMFMPMX] SJ HIWMKRIVW GEPPIH FSXL XS SFWIVZI I\MWXMRK VIEPMX] TMGOMRK YT SR MXW MRRSZEXMZI JIEXYVIW ERH XS outline possible visions for the future. -R XLMW OMRH SJ VIWIEVGL EREP]WMW MRXIVTVIXEXMSR ERH HIWMKR QIVKI VIGSKRMWMRK XLI WTIGMEP nature of the information gathered through direct observation: information thought by some EGEHIQMGW XS FI ¨WXMGO]© M I HMJ´GYPX XS XVERWJIV MJ RSX MR ZMWYEP UYEPMXEXMZI VEVIP] UYERXMXEXMZI XIVQW ERH GETEFPI SJ KIRIVEXMRK RI[ HIWMKR WSPYXMSRW EPVIEH] EX XLI SFWIVZEXMSR WXEKI 8LMW MW E OMRH SJ VIWIEVGL XLEX EW [I WEMH WYTTSVXW ER MHIE SJ HIWMKR XLEX MW E PSRK [E] from what can be seen on glossy magazine pages exalting the pure whim of the designer SJ XLI HE] -X MW ER MRRSZEXMZI VEXLIV XLER MRZIRXMZI ETTVSEGL XS HIWMKR [LIVI MRRSZEXMSR MW MRGVIEWMRKP] EWWSGMEXIH [MXL HMWGSZIVMRK [LEX EPVIEH] I\MWXW [MXL MQTVSZMRK XVERWJIVVMRK L]FVMHMWMRK WXVYGXYVMRK KPSFEPMWMRK ERH SV MRHYWXVMEPMWMRK I\MWXMRK FYX PMXXPI ORS[R ERH EW ]IX YRZEPYIH WSPYXMSRW XLEX EVI EX XMQIW LSQIQEHI ERH PSGEPMWIH MR HMWXERX GSRXI\XW [LIVI GVIEXMZI TVSGIWWIW EVI KVEJXIH SRXS WYGL QMRIW SJ ORS[PIHKI EW XS KIRIVEXI ZMWMSRW ERH future scenarios. ;I LEZI FIIR LMKLPMKLXMRK ER MHIE SJ HIWMKR XLEX MW GIVXEMRP] RSX RI[ FYX XLEX MW extraordinarily more important than the purely stylistic exercises ascribable to the specific XVEHMXMSR SJ -XEPMER HIWMKR WYJ´GI MX XS XLMRO SJ XLI [SVO SJ TVSQMRIRX ´KYVIW MR -XEPMER HIWMKR WYGL EW )XXSVI 7SXXWEWW %PIWWERHVS 1IRHMRM 1EWWMQS 1SVS^^M %RHVIE &VER^M I 'PMRS 8VMRM 'EWXIPPM 8LI TVIZEMPMRK HIWMKR SV VEXLIV QIXEHIWMKR VIWIEVGL ETTVSEGL LIVI MW RSX PMQMXIH SRP] XS XLI JSVQEP EWTIGXW LIVI XLI SYXGSQI SJ HIWMKRIVW« [SVO HSIW RSX SRP] MRGPYHI TVSHYGXW FYX EPWS HIWMKR XSSPW EFPI XS KIRIVEXI RI[ ZMWMSRW ERH WGIREVMSW JSV XLI JYXYVI

What significance does this kind of activity have for a university? -X MW F] PSSOMRK EX XLMW I\TIVMIRGI XLEX SRI SJ XLI TSWWMFPI VSPIW JSV E HIWMKR YRMZIVWMX] VEXLIV XLER XLI MRWXMXYXMSRW ERH XLI IRXVITVIRIYVMEP JEFVMG GSRGIVRIH IQIVKIW XS TVSZMHI VIWIEVGL WIVZMGIW WYTTSVX XSSPW EFPI XS WYWXEMR EGXMZEXI ERH GEXEP]WI HIWMKR HVMZIR MRRSZEXMSR processes. This is a particularly important role in situations characterised by a web of small

163

8LI EMQW SJ XLI VIPEXMSREP MRJSVQEXMSR W]WXIQ XLI XIGLRSPSKMGEP TPEXJSVQ ERH XLI RIX[SVO SJ antennas are even more ambitious: the intention is to set up a genuine research infrastructure EFPI XS TMGO YT SR MRRSZEXMSR WMKREPW MR ZEVMSYW MRXIVREXMSREP GSRXI\XW XS KEXLIV ERH Â´PI WYGL MRJSVQEXMSR ERH SR XLI FEWMW SJ XLMW XS FVMRK TVSNIGX HIWMKR TVSHYGXW MRXS FIMRK MR XLI WLETI JSV I\EQTPI SJ GSKRMXMZI QETW XVIRH FSSOW ZMWYEPMWEXMSRW SJ JYXYVI WGIREVMSW IXG -R SXLIV [SVHW [I WIIO XS TVSHYGI E WSVX SJ QIXE XSSP EFPI XS WYTTSVX WXYHMIW XLEX HMJJIV [MHIP] FSXL MR XIVQW SJ XLIQI ERH WIGXSV ERH MR XIVQW SJ KISKVETLMGEP I\XIRWMSR WEQTPI WM^I HITXL and mode of analysis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of design content. -X [MPP FI ER MRXIVEGXMZI TPEXJSVQ EFPI XS PMRO VIWIEVGLIVW ERH TVSNIGX EHHVIWWIIW ÂŚ [LIXLIV [I GEPP XLIQ GPMIRXW YWIVW SV FIRIÂ´GMEVMIW ÂŚ EX XMQIW MRZSPZMRK XLIQ EGXMZIP] MR GS HIWMKRMRK -X [MPP TVSZMHI VIWIEVGL MRJVEWXVYGXYVI XLEX GER FI WIX XS KMZI HIXEMPIH MR HITXL VIEHMRKW SJ I\GITXMSREP GEWIW ERH [MHI VERKMRK WXYHMIW SJ HMJJYWI TVEGXMGIW XLEX GER HMEPSKYI [MXL TSWWMFPI MRXIVPSGYXSVW TVMZMPIKIH ORS[PIHKI LSPHIVW XLEX Â´PIW XLMW [IEPXL SJ ORS[PIHKI EGGSVHMRK XS JSVQEPMWIH TVSXSGSP QEOMRK MX EZEMPEFPI XS HIWMKRIVW ERH VIWIEVGLIVW On the basis of this mine of information researchers and designers are called to elaborate ZMWYEP TVSHYGXW SJ W]RXLIWMW MRXIVTVIXEXMSR ERH WXVEXIKMG SVMIRXEXMSR JSV XLI YWI SJ GSQTERMIW

ERH MRWXMXYXMSRW 8LMW MW SRI SJ XLI XEWOW XLEX XLI 4SPMXIGRMGS HM 1MPERS MR MXW GETEGMX] as design research centre at the service of companies and industrial districts operating in XLI VIJIVIRGI WIGXSVW LEW ETTSMRXIH MXWIPJ ERH SR [LMGL MX LEW WXEVXIH [SVOMRK XLVSYKL XLMW ERH SXLIV TVSNIGXW

Bibliography 'EVVSPP . 1 Scenario-based design .SLR ;MPI] 7SRW -RG 2I[ =SVO 97% ' ( 1 Â¨-P (IWMKR 4VMQEVMSÂŠ MR Casabella R TT 'SPPMRE 0 7MQSRIPPM + IHMXIH F] Designing Designers: Design schools as factories of knowledge. Research through design education 430- HIWMKR 1MPERS -XEP] 'SPPMRE 0 7MQSRIPPM + Â¨+IRIVEXMRK 8SSPW Â´KLXMRK FEVVMIVW XS MRRSZEXMSRÂŠ MR 7XYEVX 1EG(SREPH IHMXIH F] Design Issues in Europe Today &)(% TT 'SPPMRE 0 Design e Metaprogetto. Teorie, strumenti, pratiche 430- HIWMKR 1MPERS -XEP] *PSVMHE 6 'ities and the creative class 6SYXPIHKI 9/ 0EOEXSW - ;SVVEPP . 'YVVMI + The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes: Philosophical Papers (Philosophical Papers Volume I) 4ETIVFEGO 2SZ 0SW 7 Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;organizzazione della complessitĂ -P 7EKKMEXSVI 1MPERS -XEP] 1ER^MRM ) .IKSY * Sustainable everyday. Scenarios of Urban Life )HM^MSRM %QFMIRXI 1MPERS -XEP] 1ER^MRM ) * .qKSY â&#x20AC;&#x153;(IWMKR HIKPM WGIREVMÂŠ MR &IVXSPE 4 1ER^MRM ) E GYVE HM Design multiverso. Appunti di fenomenologia del design 430- HIWMKR 1MPERS -XEP] TT 1SVEGI * IHMXIH F] Metatendenze 7TIVPMRK /YTJIV 1MPERS -XEP] 7GL}R ( % Educating the Reflective Practitioner: Towards a New Design for Teaching and Learning in the Professions .SWWI] &EWW 7ER *VERGMWGS 97% :ER HIV ,IMNHIR / Scenarios: The art of strategic conversation .SLR ;MPI] 7SRW -RG 2I[ =SVO 97%

annex

enterprises that do not have an internal research and development unit at their disposal and [LIVI MRRSZEXMSR TVSGIWWIW LEZI YT YRXMP RS[ FIIR PMQMXIH QEMRP] XS STXMQMWMRK TVSHYGXMSR processes and emulating their competitors offers. 8LMW MW SRI SJ XLI TYVTSWIW SJ XLI TVIWIRX GSPPIGXMSR SJ GEWIW -X HSIW RSX WIIO SRP] XS XEPO about innovative cases or enhance and clarify positive visions present in our contemporary WSGMIX] 1SVI XLER XLMW MX WIIOW XS WXMQYPEXI XLI FMVXL SJ RI[ WSPYXMSRW SR E [MHIV WGEPI XLEX EVI PIWW EQEXIYVMWL ERH QSVI WXVYGXYVIH RI[ WIVZMGI IRXIVTVMWIW FSXL TVSÂ´X ERH RSR TVSÂ´X able to improve our quality of life.

164

The Glasgow Experience

The Eindhoven Experience

Ian Grout, Professor, Department of Product Design, The Glasgow School of Art.

Simone Maase, Assistant Professor, Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands

I rememFIV KSMRK XS &VYWWIPW JSV XLI Â´VWX QIIXMRK SJ )19() XLMROMRK XLEX XLIVI [EW RS XMQI XS Â´X ERSXLIV TVSNIGX MRXS XLI TVSKVEQQI ERH VIXYVRMRK XLMROMRK XLEX XLIVI [EW RS [E] XLEX [I [IVI RSX KSMRK XS HS XLMW -X TVIWIRXIH ER MRXIVIWXMRK TVSFPIQ 7S [I WMQTP] VER XLEX TVSNIGX EW E TEVEPPIP EGXMZMX] KMZMRK an additional experience to our students. This approach also allowed us to attract participants from all year groups and especially those with a committed or growing interest in sustainability. It also enabled us to be inclusive of our visiting international students. In preparation we sent out a general invitation ERH WXEVXIH JVSQ ER MRMXMEP MRXIVIWX JVSQ WSQI WXYHIRXW )ZIRXYEPP] [IVI MRZSPZIH MR XLI PMKLX GEWIW WIEVGL [MXL GSQTPIXMRK XLI MR HITXL WXYHMIW ;I EPWS XSSO XLI WXVEXIKMG GLSMGI XS I\XIRH SYV ERXIRRE EGXMZMXMIW FI]SRH XLI GMX] SJ +PEWKS[ 3YV VEXMSREPI JSV XLMW [EW XS VIÂľIGX QSVI LSPMWXMGEPP] XLI XVYI REXYVI of the Scottish culture where it can be observed that a significant proportion of communities leave the urban environment to live and act differently. Our intention from the outset was to be as inclusive as TSWWMFPI [MXLMR XLI VIWIEVGL JVEQI[SVO

â&#x20AC;&#x153;This was the first time I had to analyse a product service system. Before I only worked on single products.â&#x20AC;?

;I JSYRH [SVOMRK [MXL XLI )19() QIXLSHSPSK] GSQTPMQIRXEV] XS SYV IHYGEXMSREP ETTVSEGL MR +PEWKS[ 3YV GSYVWIW EVI GSRGIVRIH [MXL LYQER GIRXVIH HIWMKR HVE[MRK MRÂľYIRGI JVSQ GYPXYVI ERH WSGMIX] [SVOMRK JVSQ E WSGMSPSKMGEP TIVWTIGXMZI XS JSVQ RI[ ETTVSEGLIW ERH VSPIW JSV HIWMKR IHYGEXMSR ERH practice. -R YRHIVXEOMRK XLI TVSNIGX [I JSYRH XLEX [I [IVI EFPI XS MRXIVEGX [MXL SYV GSQQYRMXMIW MR E REXYVEP [E] ERH XLI I\TIVMIRGI [EW MRZSPZMRK ERH VMGL IRKIRHIVMRK ER E[EOIRMRK VIEPMWEXMSR MR XLI WXYHIRXW SJ XLI ZEPYI SJ FIMRK LERHW SR ERH JIIX SR XLI KVSYRH MR XLIMV VIWIEVGL ETTVSEGL 0MOI[MWI [I JSYRH XLEX XLI GSQQYRMXMIW [IVI EJJSVHIH ERH XSSO XLI STTSVXYRMX] XS VIÂľIGX SR ERH GSQQYRMGEXI [LEX XLI] [IVI HSMRK [L] XLI] [IVI HSMRK MX ERH [LEX ZEPYI XLMW LEH XS XLIMV MRXIVEGXMSR [MXL XLI [MHIV [SVPH 3RI SJ XLI IRHYVMRK QIQSVMIW MW SJ FIMRK [MXL TISTPI [LS FIMRK HVMZIR F] TEWWMSR ERH ZMWMSR QEOI XLIMV own sense of an increasingly complex society. Another experience is watching the realisation within the WXYHIRXW SJ XLI TSWWMFMPMXMIW SJ VIWIEVGLMRK ERH TSXIRXMEPP] HIWMKRMRK JVSQ E HMJJIVIRX TIVWTIGXMZI JSV E HMJJIVIRX WIX SJ ZEPYIW ERH E HMJJIVIRX OMRH SJ GPMIRX 8LI TVSNIGX KIRIVEXIH KVIEX GSQQERHIVMI EQSRKWX EPP XLI WXYHIRXW LIPTMRK XLIQ XS KVS[ MR GSRÂ´HIRGI QEXYVMX] ERH TIVWTIGXMZI EW XLI] HIZIPST XS[EVHW the new designers of the future.

annex

-R +PEWKS[ XLI ZEPYI SJ XLMW TVSNIGX GER FI WIIR EW TEVX SJ E [MHIV MRMXMEXMZI E RI[ TMIGI SJ XLI NMKWE[ TY^^PI SJ WYWXEMREFPI HIWMKR MJ ]SY [MPP 8LI TVSNIGX SGGYVVIH MR +PEWKS[ EX ER MQTSVXERX XMQI SJ I\TIVMQIRXEP GLERKI IREFPMRK YW XS MR E GSRGVIXI ERH TL]WMGEP WIRWI XEOI XLISV] JYVXLIV MRXS EGXMSR &YMPHMRK SR XLI )19() JVEQI[SVO [I LEZI WXEVXIH GVIEXMRK TVSNIGXW QSVI EFPI XS VIÂľ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Â´RMXMZI FYX VEXLIV TEVX SJ ER IZSPZMRK PIEVRMRK TVSGIWW ;I GER WII XLEX MR XLMW [E] [I GER IRGSYVEKI SYV WXYHIRXW XS TEVXMGMTEXI MR ERH VIÂľIGX SR XLI RIIHW SJ XLI ZEVMSYW WXEOILSPHIVW FSXL MR XLI TVSGIWW ERH EPWS XLI I\XIRHIH ZEPYI of the activity of co-designing. %W [I EPP ORS[ XLI VSPI SJ HIWMKR MW GLERKMRK ERH EW [I GSRXMRYI XS MRGVIEWI SYV ORS[PIHKI [I GER [MXL E QSVI GIVXEMR EWWYVERGI TVSNIGX JSV[EVHW XS E RI[ HIWMKRIV ERH [E] SJ HIWMKRMRK 8LMW JYXYVI [MPP FI SRI MR [LMGL MX MW IWWIRXMEP XS GSRWXVYGX RI[ QIXLSHSPSKMIW STTSVXYRMXMIW ERH QIERMRKW JSV HIWMKR ERH XS EMH XLMW [I [MPP RIIH XS HIZIPST RI[ QSHIPW SJ LSPMWXMG ÂľI\MFPI GS TEVXMGMTEXMSR XLVSYKL [LMGL we may be able to give deep and meaningful sustainable design solutions for our emerging ecologically E[EVI WSGMIX] -R XLMW GSRXI\X )19() LEW FIIR ER MQTSVXERX TEVX SJ XLEX HIZIPSTQIRX [MXLMR XLI +PEWKS[ School of Art.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;...by doing the interview we discovered that the most important part of the system are the inhabitants themselves and their mutual approach to each other.â&#x20AC;? â&#x20AC;&#x153;Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve learned that sustainability is more than long-lasting products or eco-design. It is about developing alternative and sustainable solutions that fulfil peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s needs.â&#x20AC;? 'SRXVEV] XS XLI 7GSXXMWL [E] SJ MRZSPZMRK WXYHIRXW MR XLI )19() TVSKVEQQI [I MRXIKVEXIH XLI VIWIEVGL EGXMZMXMIW MR XLI FEGLIPSV TLEWI SJ XLI -RHYWXVMEP (IWMKR GYVVMGYPYQ EX XLI )MRHLSZIR 9RMZIVWMX] SJ 8IGLRSPSK] ;I EMQ XS XVEMR SYV WXYHIRXW XS FIGSQI HIWMKRIVW SJ MRXIPPMKIRX TVSHYGXW WIVZMGIW ERH W]WXIQW 8S HIZIPST XLIMV HIWMKR GSQTIXIRGMIW WXYHIRXW LEZI XS GLSSWI JVSQ E WIX SJ EWWMKRQIRXW 8LI gathering and analysis of promising cases is part of one of the assignments dealing with the competency Â¨WSGMS GYPXYVEP E[EVIRIWWÂŠ -R XLMW VIWIEVGL TVSKVEQQI SYV WXYHIRXW LEH XLI STTSVXYRMX] XS [SVO MR E VIEP PMJI WGMIRXMÂ´G WIXXMRK 7MQYPXERISYWP] XLI GPSWI MRXIVEGXMSR [MXL TISTPI MR WSGMIX] KEZI XLIQ RI[ STIRMRKW JSV MRZSPZMRK Â¨YWIVWÂŠ MR XLI HIWMKR TVSGIWW ERH IZIR QSVI MQTSVXERX LS[ XS HIWMKR [MXL MRWXIEH SJ JSV TISTPI %W GER FI VIEH MR XLI WXYHIRXWÂŤ UYSXIW EX XLI XST XLIMV ZMI[ SR HIWMKR LEW [MHIRIH 4VIWIRXMRK XLI GEWIW XS IEGL SXLIV GVIEXIH E TPEXJSVQ JSV HMWGYWWMSR EQSRK XLI WXYHIRXW which gave them valuable insights for their future design profession and the integration of sustainability in design. 8LI Â´VWX VSYRH SJ KEXLIVMRK GEWIW HIPMZIVIH GEWIW )PIZIR SJ XLIWI GEWIW EVI HIWGVMFIH MR XLMW FSSO 3YXWMHI XLMW VIWIEVGL WGSTI WXYHIRXW WXEVXIH XS IPEFSVEXI ERH EREP]WI XLIWI GEWIW JYVXLIV 8LI I\GLERKI FIX[IIR XLI GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW ERH WXYHIRXW [EW ZEPYEFPI JSV FSXL 7XYHIRXW I\TIVMIRGIH E RI[ OMRH SJ MRXIVEGXMSR [MXL XLI TISTPI SJ XLI GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW QEOMRK XLIQ QSVI E[EVI SJ XLI GSQQYRMXMIWÂŤ QSXMZEXSVW RIIHW ERH [ERXW 7XYHIRXW EPWS KSX XLI EWWMKRQIRX XS HIWMKR ER MRXIVZIRXMSR JSV XLI GEWI they analysed. This intervention could be at a systemic or product level and should increase the level of WYWXEMREFMPMX] SJ E GEWI %WOMRK JSV JIIHFEGO JVSQ WXEOILSPHIVW MR E TVSQMWMRK GEWI GVIEXIH ER IZIR QSVI TVSJSYRH YRHIVWXERHMRK SJ XLI MQTSVXERGI SJ WXEOILSPHIV MRZSPZIQIRX MR XLI HIWMKR TVSGIWW *SV XLI WXEOILSPHIVW SJ E GEWI XLI MRXIVZIRXMSRW GVIEXIH RI[ MRWMKLXW MR XLI [E] XLI] WIX YT XLI MRMXMEXMZI XLI] KSX JVIWL MHIEW SR LS[ XS MQTVSZI XLI PIZIP SJ WYWXEMREFMPMX] SJ XLIMV WSPYXMSR ERH WSQIXMQIW XLI HIWMKR MRXIVZIRXMSR IZIR MRÂľYIRGIH XLI JYVXLIV HIZIPSTQIRX SJ E GEWI In October 2005 we organized the symposium â&#x20AC;&#x153;Creative Communities and Designâ&#x20AC;?. The aim of this W]QTSWMYQ [EW XS HMWWIQMREXI XLI )19() VIWYPXW ERH GVIEXI XLI STTSVXYRMX] JSV MRXIVEGXMSR FIX[IIR XLI GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW HIWMKRIVW QIQFIVW SJ XLI )19() GSRWSVXMYQ ERH WXYHIRXW %VSYRH TISTPI XSSO TEVX MR XLMW IZIRX 8LI HMWGYWWMSRW XEOMRK TPEGI EX XLI VSYRH XEFPI WIWWMSRW VIZIEPIH XLEX co-operating with communities in the design process is relatively new for designers and manufacturers. (IWMKRIVW I\TVIWWIH XLI [MWL XS MRXIKVEXI WYWXEMREFMPMX] QSVI MR XLIMV [SVO I\TERHMRK JVSQ IGS HIWMKR XS sustainability on a more systemic level. The latter is experienced as complicated and new. From 2004 up till now over 75 students in the bachelor phase at the department of Industrial Design at XLI )MRHLSZIR 9RMZIVWMX] SJ 8IGLRSPSK] [IVI MRZSPZIH MR KEXLIVMRK ERH EREP]WMRK TVSQMWMRK GEWIW 8LI Promising Cases Internet Repository is a still growing and valuable database for further research. As both EWWMWXERX TVSJIWWSV ERH WGLSSP GS SVHMREXSV JSV XLMW VIWIEVGL TVSKVEQQI - LEH XLI STTSVXYRMX] XS WXYH] the promising cases from new perspectives. Studying the development of the Dutch promising cases GPSWIV QEHI YW E[EVI SJ XLI TVIWIRGI SJ FSXXSQ YT GS HIWMKR TVSGIWWIW 'S HIWMKR MR XLI HIWMKR Â´IPH is defined as a collaborative design process in which the â&#x20AC;&#x153;userâ&#x20AC;? becomes the designer. Due to the fact XLEX MR E TVSQMWMRK GEWI SJXIR E PSX SJ HMJJIVIRX WXEOILSPHIVW EVI MRZSPZIH GS HIWMKR QIXLSHW ERH XSSPW FIGSQI SJ QENSV MQTSVXERGI JSV XLI WYGGIWWJYP HIZIPSTQIRX SJ E GEWI %R] HIWMKRIH WSPYXMSR MW SRP] EW KSSH EW XLI EQSYRX SJ WXEOILSPHIV WYTTSVX ERH XLI UYEPMX] SJ XLI WXEOILSPHIV MRZSPZIQIRX 8LIVIJSVI MX MW MRXIVIWXMRK XS I\TPSVI XLI XSSPW ERH QIXLSHW XLEX EVI HIWGVMFIH MR FYHHMRK PMXIVEXYVI SR GS GVIEXMSR and see how these could be used in the context of the creation of sustainable innovations.

The Paris Experience

The Helsinki Experience

Liz Davis, Head Studio International at Ensci/Les Ateliers, Paris, France

Cindy Kohtala, lecturer, University of Art and Design Helsinki

-X«W IEW] XS JSVKIX XLEX XLI VIEP I\TIVXW SJ E TVSFPIQ EVI XLI TISTPI HIEPMRK [MXL MX MR XLIMV IZIV]HE] PMZIW -R XLMW WIRWI )19() LEW FIIR E PIWWSR MR LYQMPMX] 8LI GVIEXMZMX] HIQSRWXVEXIH MR XLI GSQQYRMXMIW [I [SVOIH [MXL TVSZIH XLEX XLI EGX SJ HIWMKR MW RSX I\GPYWMZI Les Ateliers was founded in 1982 to educate designers to be partners in social and economic HIZIPSTQIRX 3RI SJ XLI WGLSSP«W IEVP] TVSNIGX KVSYTW 6MGLEVH 2IMPP .IER *VERpSMW %VGLMIVM HIEPX exclusively with socio-cultural cooperation and the studio international ran a design for development WXYHMS 'VIEXMZI IRKEKIQIRX [EW WIIR EW IWWIRXMEP MR E WSGMIX] PSSOMRK JSV JIEWMFPI WYWXEMREFPI EPXIVREXMZIW ;I [ERXIH XS IHYGEXI ¨VIWTSRWMFPI© HIWMKRIVW -X«W RSX XLEX IEW] XS ´RH TVSNIGX TPEXJSVQW [LMGL WEXMWJ] IHYGEXMSREP EQFMXMSRW ERH SJJIV YWIJYP VIWYPXW -X«W E PSRK NSYVRI] JVSQ I\TPEMRMRK XLI TSXIRXMEP SJ HIWMKR XS RSR HIWMKRIVW ERH KEMRMRK XLI XVYWX XS GVIEXI GS HIWMKR TEVXRIVWLMTW 8LMW VIWIEVGL SJJIVIH YW XLI TIVJIGX GLERGI JSV E LYQER PIH TVSNIGX MR WMXY %JXIV E TMPSX WXYH] MR )19() [EW PEYRGLIH ERH TVSKVEQQIH EW ER STXMSREP EGXMZMX] YRHIV XLI EYWTMGIW SJ 7XYHMS MRXIVREXMSREP 8YXSV 0M^ (EZMW [MXL XLI WYTTSVX SJ 0MGME &SXXYVE I\TIVX MR WYWXEMREFMPMX] ;SVOMRK EW E XVERW )YVSTIER XIEQ [EW WXMQYPEXMRK -X EPWS NYWXM´IH XLI RSGXYVREP WIWWMSRW [VMXMRK YT GEWIW MR )RKPMWL SR XLI [IFWMXI 3YV S[R WQEPP XIEQ [EW EPWS QYPXM GYPXYVEP *VIRGL WXYHIRXW PIH XLI MRXIVZMI[MRK ERH )RKPMWL WTIEOIVW [IVI VIWTSRWMFPI JSV WYQQEVMIW -X [EW JEWGMREXMRK XS HMWGSZIV which cases were “missing” in Paris or how certain dynamics were universal (Cyclo-pouce for example) The case research and collection activity offered a valuable exercise in understanding context. Students PIEVRX XLI ZEPYI SJ RSR HMVIGXMZI UYIWXMSRMRK 8LI] WIRWIH XLI MRµYIRGIW ERH MRXIVEGXMSRW EX TPE] MR E GSQTPI\ W]WXIQ ERH XVMIH XS FVIEO XLI GSHIW 8LI] PIEVRX XS FI ETTVIRXMGI IXLRSPSKMWXW [MXLSYX PSWMRK XLIMV HIWMKR WOMPPW -X«W EPP E QEXXIV SJ LS[ XS XEPO XS TISTPI XS I\TPEMR ]SYV WOMPPW XS FYMPH FVMHKIW SJ YRHIVWXERHMRK *MREPP] FIMRK MRZIWXIH [MXL E XEWO ERH E VSPI [MXLMR E GSRWSVXMYQ SJ I\TIVXW HIQSRWXVEXIH how important interaction is between professions. Many insights were gained from face to face contact [LMGL [I [SYPH PMOI XS LEZI WLEVIH ,S[IZIV WIIMRK XLI IJJSVXW SJ XLI WGLSSPW XEOIR WIVMSYWP] [EW LYKIP] VI[EVHMRK -X [EWR«X IEW] XS YRIEVXL ¨FSXXSQ YT© GEWIW MR E WSGMIX] YWIH XS WXEXI PIH MRMXMEXMZIW ,S[IZIV QER] EGXMSRW [IVI GVIEXIH YRHIV XLI YQFVIPPE SJ ¨%WWSGMEXMSRW © HIIT VSSXIH MR *VIRGL GYPXYVI WMRGI XLI MRZIRXMSR SJ PIKMWPEXMSR WYTTSVXMRK RSR TVS´X QEOMRK EPPMERGIW 7YGGIWW WXSVMIW [IVI XLSWI [LMGL MRWTMVIH RI[ JVEQIW JSV JYVXLIV EGXMSR 6IGSKRMXMSR MW XLI QENSV VI[EVH JSV LYKI TIVWSREP MRZIWXQIRX 8LI STTSVXYRMX] XS WLEVI I\TIVMIRGI ERH ORS[PIHKI ERH XS MRWTMVI SXLIV KVSYTW XS GVIEXI XLIMV S[R TVSNIGXW MW MR MXWIPJ ER IQTS[IVQIRX 8LI %57& EWWSGMEXMSR 8LI 7EMRX &IVREVH Quartier neighbourhood Association) spent years persuading City Hall to “lend” an abandoned plot to local residents for a community garden. The resulting Jardin Nomade finally inspired a green charter for 4EVMW PIEHMRK XS E QYPXMXYHI SJ WMQMPEV TVSNIGXW %PXLSYKL HIWMKR JSPPS[ YT [EW RSX TEVX SJ SYV FVMIJ [I [ERXIH XS I\XIRH SYV VIPEXMSRWLMTW [MXL XLI GSQQYRMXMIW 7XYHIRXW 1MPEQIQ %FHIVEQERI (MPPEL ERH +SPMEXL (]IVIW [SVOIH XS MQTVSZI MRXIVREP I\XIVREP GSQQYRMGEXMSR [MXL XLI '-'4 GSQQYRMX] SJ EWWSGMEXMSRW GSVTSVEXI MHIRXMX] WMKREKI SVKERMWEXMSREP WYTTSVXW 8LI] XLIR NSMRIH 7SPYXMSRMRK HIWMKR MR &VYWWIPW EW MRXIVRW [SVOMRK SR XLI following phase of the research: the scenario building. -R )19() GEWIW [IVI TVIWIRXIH EW TEVX SJ XLI 7SPYXMSRMRK (IWMKR GSRXVMFYXMSR XS ¨( (E]© EX XLI Pompidou Centre. D-Day demonstrated how design has matured into a creative process at the service SJ WYWXEMREFMPMX] % GSRJIVIRGI [MXL )^MS 1ER^MRM ERH *VERpSMW .qKSY EPPS[IH E HIWMKR VIPEXIH TYFPMG XS YRHIVWXERH XLI )19() TVSNIGX ERH GLEPPIRKIW 7YFWIUYIRXP] E QIIXMRK [EW SVKERMWIH JSV TISTPI MRXIVIWXIH MR LIEVMRK SYV WXSVMIW ERH ZMWMXMRK XLI 4EVMW GSQQYRMXMIW MRZSPZIH MR XLI TVSNIGX 8LMW [EW Q] chance to witness interaction between “the public” and our communities. Around an autumnal picnic in the Jardin Nomade XLI QSSH [EW YTPMJXMRK 4ISTPI [IVI MRWTMVIH XS EGXMSR ERH E GMZMP WIVZERX JVSQ E WYFYVFER GMX] LEPP HIGMHIH XS PSSO JSV WMQMPEV GEWIW MR LIV XS[R XS SJJIV ´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¨0I XSYV HY QSRHI IR LSQQIW© QIIXMRK XLI TMSRIIVW of sustainable development. www.80hommes.com). The actors of the communities seemed delighted to WLEVI XLIMV WXSVMIW 4SWWMFP] XLI ZIV] ¨XIPPMRK© QEOIW XLIMV EGLMIZIQIRX QSVI XERKMFPI

*VSQ XLI SYXWIX SJ XLI )19() TVSNIGX MX FIGEQI GPIEV XS YW ¦ XLI ,IPWMROM %RXIRRE ¦ XLEX *MRPERH MW E very organised society indeed. Even the smallest grassroots group tends to organise itself and list itself [MXL XLI 8VEHI 6IKMWXIV EW E RSR TVS´X EWWSGMEXMSR HIWTMXI XLI VYPIW ERH FYVIEYGVEG] XLMW IRXEMPW %W [MXL groups such as Housing Oranssi - Housing company and o2 Finland this is often for reasons of financial KSZIVRERGI WSGMIXEP VIGSKRMXMSR ERH KVIEXIV IEWI MR ETTP]MRK JSV KVERXW ERH WTSRWSVWLMT JYRHMRK

On behalf of the French team we would like to fondly remember Thierry Kazazian, 02 France, who for twenty years worked for the development of sustainable design in France and who was a constant support to our students. Thierry was lost to illness in February 2006.

165

*MRPERH EW E 2SVHMG GSYRXV] EPWS IRNS]W XLI FIRI´XW SJ E [IPJEVI WXEXI FYX MW I\TIVMIRGMRK XLI KVS[MRK pressures on government expenditure and tax levels that most or all of the developed world is now undergoing. Complaints are common: people are increasingly dissatisfied with public health care (i.e. long queues for surgery and dental services) and are for the first time in decades unsure about what faces them after retirement. Generations of womb-to-tomb services have however rendered the general TSTYPEGI WSQI[LEX TEVEP]^IH ª[I TE] LMKL XE\IW ¦ [I XLYW HIWIVZI LMKL UYEPMX] QIHMGEP GEVI ERH WIGYVMX] JSV XLI IPHIVP] ;I WLSYPH RSX RIIH XS GVIEXI SYV S[R WSPYXMSRW « The issue to which this attitude does not apply as strongly is unemployment. Finland experienced a HIIT VIGIWWMSR MR XLI IEVP] W ERH [LMPI YRIQTPS]QIRX LEW ´REPP] HVSTTIH XS WMRKPI HMKMX ´KYVIW structural unemployment in particular remains a significant factor. Jobless numbers in the immigrant GSQQYRMXMIW MW EPWS SJ KVS[MRK GSRGIVR IWTIGMEPP] EW MX VIPEXIW XS EWWMQMPEXMSR SV MRXIKVEXMSR MRXS ER SXLIV[MWI I\XVIQIP] LSQSKIRSYW *MRRMWL WSGMIX] -R E GSYRXV] [LIVI XLI [SVO IXLMG ERH WSGMEP GSLIWMSR EVI ZEPYIH LMKLP] XLMW LEW QIERX XLI HIZIPSTQIRX SJ QER] [SVO GVIEXMSR MRMXMEXMZIW FSXL FSXXSQ YT ERH top-down.

-R Q] ZMI[ XLMW VIWIEVGL TVSNIGX EW E [LSPI GEVVMIW MQTSVXERX PIWWSRW JSV HIWMKRIVW EYXLSVMXMIW ERH IRXVITVIRIYVW ;LIVI [I XVYP] WII W]WXIQMG MRRSZEXMSR MR XLI TVSQMWMRK GEWIW EVI XLI QER] XLEX WIIQ to transcend generally understood categories of societal organisation and the boundaries between TVSJIWWMSREP ERH EQEXIYV *SV I\EQTPI Liberté MW E XVEHMXMSREP FEV ERH QYWMG ZIRYI JVSQ XLI SYXWMHI FYX Liberté TEXVSRW ERH QYWMGMERW EVI QYGL QSVI MRZSPZIH MR XLI GPYF«W STIVEXMSRW ERH IRZMVSRQIRX XLMW completely blurs the border between service provider and customer. The Happihuone run by o2 Finland is EPWS E QYPXMJEGIXIH TVSNIGX SR XLIMV ´VWX ZMWMX ZMWMXSVW LEZI FIIR MRGPMRIH XS EWO MJ MX [IVI E KVIIRLSYWI SV E KEPPIV] SV E GEJq SV ER MRXIVEGXMZI WGYPTXYVI SJ WSQI OMRH MRWMWXMRK SR E GEXIKSVMWEXMSR XLEX MW MR the end irrelevant. Housing Oranssi – Housing company too would not exist in its present state without XLI MRRSZEXMZI TVSKVIWWMZI ETTVSEGL SJ ,IPWMROM GMX] EYXLSVMXMIW 3RI WYWTIGXW XLEX E QSVI SVXLSHS\ QYRMGMTEP HIGMWMSR QEOIV [SYPH GPIEV WTEGI MR ER I\MWXMRK WXYHIRX SV GSYRGMP LSYWI XLYW W[IITMRK XLI PSRK LEMVIH XVSYFPIQEOIVW ¦ ERH XLI TVSFPIQ ¦ YRHIV XLI GEVTIX EW MX [IVI 8LEROW XS XLI GSPPEFSVEXMZI effort Housing Oranssi – Housing company MW RS[ E ZMEFPI IGSRSQMG GSRGIVR E GYPXYVEP WIVZMGI TVSZMHIV and an employer to boot.

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%RSXLIV OI] SFWIVZEXMSR XLEX GER FI HVE[R JVSQ XLI ,IPWMROM GEWIW MW XLEX GVIEXMZMX] ERH GYPXYVI EVI extremely valued and deemed worthy of protection in Finland. Finnish arts funding is among the highest MR XLI [SVPH FYX EW [MXL XLI HIGPMRI SJ XLI ;IPJEVI 7XEXI WMRGI XLI VIGIWWMSR KSZIVRQIRXEP FSHMIW WXEXI and municipalities) have less of a role as the direct financiers of cultural services and arts activities. At XLI WEQI XMQI MRµ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attracted by its subtitle Creative Society.

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167

An ethnographic designer view

Anna Meroni and François Jégou* (Politecnico di Milano and Strategic Design Scenarios)

)MKLX HIWMKR WGLSSPW E GSYTPI SJ LYRHVIH WXYHIRXW E GSPPIGXMSR SJ GEWIW XLVII ]IEVW SJ [SVO XLIWI EVI WSQI SJ XLI RYQFIVW GLEVEGXIVMWMRK XLI GSPPIGXMSR SJ GEWI WXYHMIW SR GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW XLEX JSVQW XLI IWWIRGI SJ XLMW FSSO %R IRXIVTVMWI HMWXMRKYMWLIH F] XLI JEGX XLEX IEGL GEWI [EW XLI JVYMX SJ TIVWSREP HMVIGX GSRXEGX FIX[IIR XLI HIWMKRIV VIWIEVGLIV ERH XLI QEMR EGXSVW MR XLI GEWI MXWIPJ An absorbing encounter on the verge of ethnography.

8LI GEWIW TVIWIRXIH IQIVKIH JVSQ E TVSKVEQQI SJ VIWIEVGL EGXMZMXMIW GEPPIH )19() JYRHIH F] XLI )YVSTIER 'SQQMWWMSR EW TEVX SJ MXW XL JVEQI[SVO TVSKVEQQI 8LI OI] IPIQIRX MR XLI )19() TVSKVEQQI [EW MXW TEVXRIV KVSYT SJ )YVSTIER HIWMKR WGLSSPW GS SVHMREXIH F] XLI 4SPMXIGRMGS HM 1MPERS [LSWI XEWO [EW XS GEVV] SYX E ÍPH WIEVGL JSV GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW 8LIWI ¨%RXIRREW© [SVOIH XLVSYKL XLIMV WXYHIRXW MR XLI VSPI SJ VIWIEVGLIVW ]SYRK YRMZIVWMX] WXYHIRXW JVSQ HMJJIVIRX FEGOKVSYRHW MR XLI XLMGO SJ XLIMV JSVQEXMZI ]IEVW EW JYXYVI HIWMKRIVW In our role as co-ordinators for a substantial number of researchers (planned at around 200 FYX MR JEGX QSVI ERH MR SVHIV XS SFXEMR GSQTEVEFPI VIWYPXW [I WIX SYVWIPZIW E WIVMIW SJ STIVEXMSREP ERH HMHEGXMG SFNIGXMZIW 8LI STIVEXMSREP EMQW XLSWI GSRGIVRIH [MXL GEWI MHIRXM´GEXMSR ERH EREP]WMW [IVI C MRMXMEPP] XS GSQQYRMGEXI ERH WLEVI XLI VIWIEVGL GVMXIVME XS FI YWIH MR MHIRXMJ]MRK TSWWMFPI GEWIW JSV WXYH] C PEXIV SR XS GSPPIGX XLI ´VWX G]GPI SJ TVSTSWIH GEWIW JSV WGVIIRMRK MR SVHIV XS WIPIGX XLI QSWX VIPIZERX ERH MRXIVIWXMRK JSV MR HITXL EREP]WMW C XS IRH YT [MXL E GSRWMWXIRX GSPPIGXMSR SJ GEWIW GEVIJYPP] HIWGVMFIH WS EW XS QEOI XLIQ GSQTEVEFPI FSXL MR XIVQW SJ GVYGMEP GSRXIRX ERH ZMWYEP QEXIVMEP C XS KEXLIV ´VWXLERH MRJSVQEXMSR SR XLI TLIRSQIRE SFWIVZIH YR´PXIVIH F] XLMVH TEVX] MRXIVTVIXEXMSR ERH E WMÎEFPI TSVXJSPMS SJ ËYXLIRXMG© MQEKIW C XS HIZIPST E GEWI HIWGVMTXMSR QSHIP TIGYPMEV XS E HIWMKRIV ETTVSEGL TIGYPMEV FIGEYWI MX MW QEVOIH F] E WSQILS[ GLEVEGXIVMWXMGEPP] ¨HIWMKRIV© EFMPMX] XS PSSO EX TLIRSQIRE ERH because it contains information of significance to designers.

researchers along a structured path into direct contact with the situations analysed. The reasons behind this choice of approach appear particularly evident in relation to the didactic aims: C ´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´IPH SFWIVZEXMSR XIGLRMUYI EPWS WIIQIH EHZERXEKISYW JVSQ an operational point of view: it is in fact the only way to gather original visual documentation and eye witness accounts of the phenomena observed. 8LI RIIH XS ETTP] GSQQSR GVMXIVME ERH TVSHYGI GSRWMWXIRX GSQTEVEFPI VIWYPXW PIH YW XS create itemised case observation formats rooted in a centralised collection system. This W]WXIQ XLI Promising Cases Repository [EW WIX YT EW E [IFWMXI EFPI XS KEXLIV VIWIEVGL contributions directly from the various Antennas (cf. essay by Ciuccarelli). The desire to create a description structure peculiar to a designer approach gave rise to a VIEHMRK ERH VITVSHYGXMSR JSVQEX XLEX MW TEVXMGYPEVP] WIRWMXMZI XS JEGXSVW PMOI EGXSV QSXMZEXMSR MRXIVEGXMSR QSHI FIX[IIR WYFNIGXW SFWIVZIH ZMWYEP IZMHIRGI ERH UYEPMX] SJ I\TIVMIRGI

Participant observation and quasi-ethnographic method Among the didactic aims were: C XS HIZIPST WIRWMXMZMX] XS[EVHW XLI MWWYIW SJ MRRSZEXMSR ERH WSGMEP GVIEXMZMX] ERH QSVI KIRIVEPP] XS[EVHW WYWXEMREFMPMX] MR WSGMS XIGLRMGEP W]WXIQW C XS WXMQYPEXI XLI GYVMSWMX] SJ VIWIEVGLIVW ERH IRLERGI XLIMV TIVWSREP GVIEXMZMX] MR VIWIEVGL C XS JIIH IRXLYWMEWQ ERH JSWXIV XLI ]SYRK HIWMKRIVW« IQTEXL] [MXL XLI WMXYEXMSRW SFWIVZIH C XS TVSZMHI WXYHIRXW [MXL ERH EX XLI WEQI XMQI I\TIVMQIRX ER SFWIVZEXMSR ERH [SVO method that will be usable in subsequent activities and in their future profession. These were ambitious aims directing us towards a “field observation” approach that led

,S[ GER [I HMWXMRKYMWL XLI ¨´IPH SFWIVZEXMSR© HIZIPSTIH MR XLMW VIWIEVGL TVSNIGX JVSQ [LEX MR ERXLVSTSPSK] ERH IXLRSKVETL] MW ORS[R EW ¨TEVXMGMTERX SFWIVZEXMSR©# The expression “participant observation” is used to mean a situation where the observer is TEVX SJ XLI GSRXI\X YRHIV SFWIVZEXMSR 1SVI WTIGM´GEPP] MX MW E WMXYEXMSR GLEVEGXIVMWIH F] C XLI TVIWIRGI SJ E ´IPH SFWIVZIV MRWMHI ERH EGXMZIP] MRZSPZIH MR XLI TLIRSQIRSR FIMRK observed

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Young designers as researchers

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XS XLI TSMRX [LIVI LI MHIRXM´IW [MXL XLI SXLIV EGXSVW C XLI TSWWMFMPMX] SJ KEXLIVMRK HEXE SR XLI RSR ZIVFEP FILEZMSYV SJ XLI WSGMEP EGXSVW MR TEVXMGYPEV GSRXI\XW MRWXIEH SJ SV XS GSQTPIXI ER MRXIVZMI[ C XLI TSWWMFMPMX] SJ KEXLIVMRK HEXE MR XLI SFWIVZIH WIXXMRK [MXLSYX EWOMRK TISTPI XS TEVXMGMTEXI C XLI YWI SJ E TVIEVVERKIH KVMH SJ HIWGVMTXMZI GEXIKSVMIW GSRXEMRMRK XLI JEGXSVW JSV WXYH] XS direct attention.

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Participant observation leads to documents characterised by: C EGGYVEXI ZMI[MRK ERH XLI YWI SJ HIWGVMTXMZI PERKYEKI XS VITSVX [LEX MW SFWIVZIH C XLI EFWSPYXI EFSPMXMSR SJ ZEPYEXMSR EHNIGXMZIW ERH XLI I\GPYWMSR SJ ER] IQSXMSREP EWTIGX JVSQ XLI PMWX SJ SFNIGXMZI MRJSVQEXMSR GSRGIVRMRK XLI SFWIVZIH TLIRSQIRSR C XLI EFWIRGI EW JEV EW TSWWMFPI SJ ¨HMWXSVXMSRW© ERH MRXIVTVIXEXMSRW GEYWIH F] XLI SFWIVZIV and/or by the observed person (e.g. due to a desire to please or contradict the researcher). Participant observation is one of the research techniques used by the ethnographer (along with interviews) to gather data on the culture of a people. 'ER [I GEPP XLI [SVO XLEX KIRIVEXIH XLMW GSPPIGXMSR ¨TEVXMGMTERX SFWIVZEXMSR©# ;I QYWX first of all point out that although many of the elements that distinguish the participant SFWIVZEXMSR XIGLRMUYI EVI GSRWMWXIRX [MXL XLI SFNIGXMZIW [I HIGPEVIH TVIZMSYWP] E HIWMKRIV [SVOW [MXL EMQW ERH [MXL WOMPPW XLEX EVI WYFWXERXMEPP] HMJJIVIRX JVSQ XLSWI SJ ER IXLRSKVETLIV ,S[IZIV [I [ERXIH XS YWI XLMW XIGLRMUYI JSV EPP XLI YWIJYP GVIEXMZI ERH EX XLI WEQI XMQI methodical aspects it could contribute to the way a designer identifies and analyses emerging TLIRSQIRE 7S PIX«W GEPP XLMW WTIGMEP JSVQ SJ ¨TEVXMGMTERX SFWIVZEXMSR© E quasi-ethnographic ETTVSEGL XS YRHIVPMRI MXW GSRRIGXMSR [MXL XLMW HMWGMTPMRI FYX WIIOMRK EPWS XS RSXI XLI differences.

also requires a sharpened capacity for selective observation. There are numerous advantages for designers in applying a quasi-ethnographic XIGLRMUYI [LMGL HIVMZI TEVXMGYPEVP] JVSQ E HMVIGX ´VWXLERH ZMWMSR SJ XLI TVSFPIQW XLEX XLI] [MPP XLIR FI GEPPIH SR XS HIEP [MXL MR XLIMV designing role. ;LIR E HIWMKRIV SFWIVZIW ERH EREP]WIW E WMXYEXMSR ´VWXLERH LI WLI MW EFPI XS IPEFSVEXI E personal definition of the problem (problem setting) that is crucial to its subsequent “reWSPYXMSR© ER EGXMZMX] XLEX MW SXLIV[MWI PIJX XS XLISV] ERH PMXIVEXYVI ;I LSPH XLEX XLI EFMPMX] XS MHIRXMJ] TVSFPIQW ERH KS VMKLX XS XLI LIEVX SJ XLIMV HI´RMXMSR VEXLIV XLER NYWX WIIOMRK XS WSPZI XLIQ problem solving MW XLI HMWXMRKYMWLMRK QEVO SJ E WXVEXIKMG designer. -R EHHMXMSR XS XLI HIWGVMTXMZI GEXIKSVMIW GLSWIR XS KYMHI GEWI SFWIVZEXMSR XLI QEMR differences in the approach we use compared to the participant observation method are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on the design path by interpreting what he/she observes. 3R XLMW TSMRX [I WLSYPH QEOI X[S EWTIGXW GPIEV SR XLI SRI LERH [I TSWMXMZIP] IRGSYVEKIH the “passing” of emotion between observed and observer (and there was a fair quantity of IRXLYWMEWQ EQSRK XLI VIWIEVGLIVW SR XLI SXLIV UYMXI ETEVX JVSQ SFWIVZIV MRXIVTVIXEXMSR we organised the analysis in such a way as to gather all the practical information required to QEOI E WYFWIUYIRX SFNIGXMZI ETTVEMWEP SJ GIVXEMR EWTIGXW SJ GEWIW SFWIVZIH ;LIR GLSSWMRK GEXIKSVMIW ERH HIWGVMTXMSR XSSPW [I XVMIH QSVI XLER IPWI[LIVI XS I\IVGMWI design specifics.

The designer and the quasi-ethnographic method A designer can exercise a capacity for observation and understanding of a case study that MW TEVXMGYPEVP] EXXIRXMZI XS XLI [E] MX [SVOW ERH XS XLI EWTIGXW SJ WIRWI ERH UYEPMX] SJ I\TIVMIRGI % KYMHIH WXVYGXYVIH MQQIVWMSR MR E TLIRSQIRE PIEHW XS ER SZIVEPP ZMWMSR FYX

Work tools and methods *VSQ XLI TVSGIWW TSMRX SJ ZMI[ GEWI GSPPIGXMSR [EW GEVVMIH SYX MR JSYV QEMR WXEKIW YWMRK E

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0IX«W WXEVX [MXL XLI training kit XLMW GSRWMWXIH MR E WIX SJ HSGYQIRXW SJ HMJJIVIRX OMRHW TVITEVIH ERH HMWXVMFYXIH HYVMRK XLI MRMXMEP WXEKIW SJ VIWIEVGL XS WLEVI [SVO GVMXIVME HIWGVMTXMSR JSVQEXW ERH ¨VYPIW SJ XLI KEQI© M I VIPEXMSRWLMT RSVQW ERH HIEHPMRIW [MXL XLI [LSPI VIWIEVGLIV GSQQYRMX] 8LI OMX [EW TVIWIRXIH HMWGYWWIH ERH HMWXVMFYXIH HMVIGXP] XS XLI LIEHW SJ IEGL WGLSSP [LS JSYRH MR MX E WIX SJ XSSPW QYPXMQIHME TVIWIRXEXMSRW I\EQTPIW ERH FVSGLYVIW JSV TVIWIRXMRK XLI VIWIEVGL TVSNIGX XS XLIMV WXYHIRXW MR E PSGEPP] SVKERMWIH [SVOWLST ERH XS IUYMT XLIQ MR XYVR [MXL XLI WYTTSVX XSSPW JSV SR XLI ´IPH SFWIVZEXMSR 7S IEGL OMX HS[RPSEHEFPI JVSQ XLI VIWIEVGL [IFWMXI GSRXEMRIH XLI ZEVMSYW JSVQEXW JSV YWI EX HMJJIVIRX WXEKIW SJ GEWI WXYH] GSPPIGXMSR I\EQTPIW SJ TVIZMSYWP] EREP]WIH GEWIW KIRIVEP WYKKIWXMSRW JSV HIWGVMTXMSR VLIXSVMG ZMWYEP ERH REVVEXMZI ERH ER SVMKMREP SFWIVZEXMSR KYMHERGI XSSP XLI Reporter’s book. *SV WXEKI [LIVI XLI %RXIRREW TVSTSWIH GEWIW JSV EREP]WMW E ZIV] PMKLX HIWGVMTXMSR JSVQEX GEPPIH XLI GEWI WXYH] ¨MHIRXMX] GEVH© [EW WIX YT ,IVI VIWIEVGLIVW [IVI EWOIH JSV E FVMIJ HIWGVMTXMSR SJ XLI WSPYXMSR MRHMGEXMRK LS[ MX [SVOIH ERH LS[ MX [EW MRRSZEXMZI XLI TVSFPIQEXMG GSRXI\X XLI EGXSVW MRZSPZIH ERH E WIX SJ OI] [SVHW ERH JYRGXMSRW GLSWIR JVSQ E PMWX SJ TSWWMFMPMXMIW TVSZMHIH XS EMH GEXEPSKYMRK 8LI] [IVI EPWS EWOIH JSV ER MRMXMEP EWWIWWQIRX SJ XLI IRZMVSRQIRXEP ERH WSGMEP FIRI´XW EJJSVHIH F] XLI GEWI ERH E QIERMRKJYP ZMWYEP MQEKI from the outset we insisted on aspects of visual description that were to become still more MQTSVXERX MR XLI PEXIV WXEKIW SJ [SVO 0EWXP] [I EWOIH XLEX GEWI WXYHMIW FI PSSOIH JSV MR XLI immediate vicinity of the researcher so they could be analysed by firsthand observation.

%RXIRRE VIWIEVGLIVW XLIQWIPZIW ZME XLI MRXIVRIX XLIR YTPSEHIH XLI GEWIW XLI] JSYRH XS XLI WTIGMEP 6ITSWMXSV] XLEX LEH FIIR WXVYGXYVIH XS QMVVSV XLI GEWI HIWGVMTXMSR QSHIP TIVJIGXP] WS JEGMPMXEXMRK GSPPIGXMSR ERH SVKERMWEXMSR STIVEXMSRW %X XLMW TSMRX WXEKI XLI TVSNIGX GS SVHMREXSV [EW EFPI XS ZMI[ XLI GEWIW ERH KMZI XLI %RXIRREW JIIHFEGO SR XLI SRIW WIPIGXIH for in-depth analysis. The last stage in collection (stage 4) was the longest and most complex. 8LI MR HITXL YRMJSVQ EREP]WMW SJ WIPIGXIH GEWIW VIUYMVIH XLI WIXXMRK YT SJ ER EVXMGYPEXIH JSVQEX XLEX WXERHEVHMWIH WSQI SJ XLI HIWGVMTXMSR MXIQW XS SFXEMR GSQTEVEFPI VIWYPXW FYX HMH RSX TIREPMWI XLI VIWIEVGLIVW« GVIEXMZMX] MR VITSVXMRK F] [SVH ERH TMGXYVI [LEX XLI] LEH WIIR % WTIGMEP RSXIFSSO JSV VIWIEVGLIVW XS YWI HYVMRK ´IPH EGXMZMXMIW XLI Reporter’s book [EW GVIEXIH XS QEOI XLI JSVQEX IEWMIV XS YWI ;I WLEPP XEPO JYVXLIV EFSYX MX PEXIV SR -R MX XLI ZEVMSYW HIWGVMTXMSR GEXIKSVMIW [IVI XYVRIH MRXS WYKKIWXMSRW XS SVMIRX XLI SFWIVZIV«W EXXIRXMSR The Promising Cases Repository [EW MR XYVR EHETXIH XS QEXGL XLMW JSVQEX WS XLEX YTPSEHMRK information to the website became a perfectly smooth operation. 8LI MR HITXL HIWGVMTXMSR JSVQEX SVKERMWIH XLI [SVO SJ EREP]WMW MRXS E WIUYIRGI SJ WXITW EPXIVREXMRK QSVI XIGLRMGEP HIWGVMTXMSRW [MXL REVVEXMZI TEVXW [LIVI XLI SFWIVZIVW [SVOMRK MR WQEPP KVSYTW [IVI JVII XS XVERWJIV I\XVEGXW JVSQ XLIMV MRXIVZMI[W [MXL XLI TVSXEKSRMWXW SV their personal comments on what was done. The format integrates the case “identity card” required in the previous stages with more HIXEMPIH EREP]WIW REQIP] C ER EGGYVEXI HIWGVMTXMSR SJ XLI EGXSVW XLIMV QSXMZEXMSRW XLIMV VSPIW ERH XLIMV ZMI[TSMRXW C E PMWX SJ IPIQIRXW WIVZMGIW ERH TVSHYGXW QEOMRK YT XLI WSPYXMSR ERH XIGLRSPSK] IQTPS]IH C ER MRXYMXMZI IZEPYEXMSR SJ XLI FIRI´XW XLI MRMXMEXMZI SJJIVW XS IRZMVSRQIRX WSGMIX] IGSRSQ] ,S[IZIV XLI QSWX SVMKMREP TEVX SJ XLMW HIWGVMTXMZI QSHIP XLI EWTIGX GPSWIWX XS XLI WIRWMXMZMX] ERH GVMXMGEP EFMPMX] SJ E HIWMKRIV MW EPP XLEX GSRGIVRW XLI TMGXSVMEP GEWI HIWGVMTXMSR and the collection of visual documentation. This is also the part where our researchers produced the most interesting and original results. To document the case study under SFWIVZEXMSR MRXIVTVIXMRK MX EX XLI WEQI XMQI XLI VIWIEVGLIV [EW EWOIH XS TVSHYGI X[S OMRHW SJ ZMWYEPMWEXMSR moodboard and storyboard. A moodboard is a synthetic visualisation: E GSQTSWMXMSR SJ TLSXSKVETLW EMQMRK XS VIµIGX ER MQEKI XLEX IZSOIW XLI GLEVEGXIVMWXMG EXQSWTLIVI SJ XLI WMXYEXMSR SFWIVZIH TISTPI«W QSSHW XLI WMPIRX PERKYEKI SJ SFNIGXW ERH

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centralised repository with internet access (cf. essays by Collina and by Ciuccarelli). 8LI JSYV STIVEXMSREP WXEKIW XEOMRK EFSYX QSRXLW XS GSQTPIXI [IVI EW JSPPS[W C GSQQYRMGEXMRK ERH WLEVMRK GVMXIVME EMQW ERH VIWIEVGL XSSPW C KEXLIVMRK ER MRMXMEP G]GPI SJ TVSTSWEPW JSV TSWWMFPI GEWI WXYHMIW C XLI EWWIWWQIRX SJ XLIWI TVSTSWEPW ERH WIPIGXMSR SJ GEWIW JSV EREP]WMW C JYVXLIV LSQSKIRISYW EREP]WMW SJ XLI WIPIGXIH GEWIW ERH EWWIQFPMRK XLI GSPPIGXMSR Stages 1 and 3 were carried out “centrally” by the research group. The others were carried out PSGEPP] F] XLI ZEVMSYW %RXIRREW [MXL FEGO YT JSV XIGLRMGEP TVSFPIQW ERH XLISV] MWWYIW JVSQ E GIRXVEP LIPTHIWO -R XLMW EGGSYRX [I [MWL FVMIµ] XS SYXPMRI E HIWGVMTXMSR SJ XLI JSVQEXW YWIH WSQI SJ XLI WTIGM´G VIWIEVGL ERH VITVSHYGXMSR XSSPW ERH XLI OMX GVIEXIH XS LIPT XIEGLIVW ERH students in the Antenna schools to carry out the field research.

170

WTEGIW KIWXYVIW ERH EGXMZMXMIW 6IWIEVGLIVW GSYPH GVIEXI moodboards using images of their S[R GLSMGI [LMGL XLI] [IVI JVII XS GSQTSWI ERH TVSHYGI EW XLI] [MWLIH [MXLMR E WIVMIW SJ geometric grids. A storyboard is an analytic visualisation: a sequence of images describing the course of an EGXMSR TIGYPMEV XS XLI SFWIVZIH WMXYEXMSR 6IWIEVGLIVW [IVI JVII XS HIGMHI XLI XMQI WIUYIRGI WGVIIRTPE] ERH JVEQMRK SJ XLI TMGXYVIW EGGSVHMRK XS XLIMV S[R NYHKIQIRX 8SKIXLIV [MXL XLI [VMXXIR XI\XW XLIWI X[S OMRHW SJ ZMWYEPMWEXMSR IREFPIH YW XS SFXEMR ER IJJIGXMZI SVMKMREP HIWGVMTXMSR SJ XLI GEWIW EREP]WIH ERH PMOI XLI [VMXXIR XI\XW XLI TMGXYVIW were catalogued in the Repository by standardised criteria and are mutually comparable.

annex

The Reporterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s book %QSRK XLI ZEVMSYW [SVO XSSPW HIZIPSTIH ERH YWIH MR XLMW VIWIEVGL TVSNIGX XLI Reporterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s book HIWIVZIW E PMXXPI JYVXLIV GSQQIRX %W [I WEMH XLI LMKLP] TSWMXMZI EWTIGX SJ GEWI SFWIVZEXMSR YRHIVXEOIR Â´VWXLERH F] HIWMKRIVW MW XLEX JVSQ XLI SYXWIX MX HMVIGXW XLIQ XS XLMROMRK EFSYX XLI HIZIPSTQIRX ERH MQTVSZIQIRX SJ [LEX XLI] WII 3R XLI SXLIV LERH MXW [IEOIV EWTIGX MW XLEX MR XLIMV VSPI EW SFWIVZIVW HIWMKRIVW SJXIR PEGO LEFMX ERH QIXLSH 8LI Reporterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s book was thought up to help them overcome this difficulty without limiting their individual personalities. A quasi-ethnographic ETTVSEGL [SYPH PSKMGEPP] VIUYMVI ER IQTX] RSXIFSSO [LIVI XLI VIWIEVGLIV GER JVIIP] NSX HS[R LMW SFWIVZEXMSRW EW XLI] SGGYV HYVMRK SRKSMRK GSRXEGX [MXL XLI GEWI ,S[IZIV PEGO SJ I\TIVMIRGI MR MRZIWXMKEXMSR ERH XLI WLSVX XMQI EZEMPEFPI GEPPIH JSV WYTTSVX XS GSRHYGX MRXIVZMI[W IJJIGXMZIP] 8LIVIJSVI E Â¨WIQM MRWXVYGXMSRÂ© KYMHI WMQMPEV XS XLSWI YWIH MR WXVYGXYVMRK JSGYW KVSYT HMWGYWWMSR [EW MRGPYHIH EX XLI FIKMRRMRK SJ XLI Reporterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s book: this enabled us to ensure that interviews covered the minimum number of stages essential to compiling the required format and to the subsequent phases of analysis. 8LI WEQI MW XVYI MR GSPPIGXMRK ZMWYEP MQEKIW XLI HIWMKRIVÂ«W TLSXSKVETLMG I]I MW REXYVEPP] KIEVIH XS TMGO YT XLI GLEVEGXIVMWMRK HMQIRWMSRW SJ E WSPYXMSR JVSQ XIGLRMGEP SVKERMWEXMSREP HIXEMPW XS XLI UYEPMX] SJ EXQSWTLIVI ,S[IZIV MX MW RSX W]WXIQEXMG IRSYKL JSV JYPP HSGYQIRXEXMSR SV JSV SFWIVZEXMSRW XLEX EVI YWIJYP MR E [MHIV MRXIVHMWGMTPMREV] EREP]WMW 7S XLI Reporterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s book MRGPYHIH E WXIT F] WXIT Â¨TLSXS GLIGO PMWXÂ© SJ XLI QMRMQYQ WLSXW VIUYMVIH XS describe the context and for the sequence of actions in the storyboard.

Results 8LI QEXIVMEP TYFPMWLIH MR XLMW FSSO MW SRP] E WQEPP WIPIGXMSR JVSQ XLEX GSPPIGXIH E WIPIGXMSR SJ both cases and information. The Promising Cases Repository GSRXEMRW SZIV GEWIW PEVKIP] HIWGVMFIH YWMRK XLI MR HITXL JSVQEX LYRHVIHW SJ TMGXYVIW WGSVIW SJ moodboards and storyboards SJ VITSVXW ERH WXSVMIW JVSQ XLSWI MRZSPZIH -R EHHMXMSR XLI Reporterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s books GSQTMPIH F] VIWIEVGLIVW [MXL RSXIW ERH HVE[MRKW GSRWXMXYXI MR XLIQWIPZIW ER MQTVIWWMZI GSPPIGXMSR SJ SVMKMREP QEXIVMEP ;LEX PMIW FIJSVI SYV I]IW XIPPW YW XLEX XLI [SVO QIXLSH I\TIVMQIRXIH LEW SR XLI [LSPI FIIR WYGGIWWJYP XLIVI LEZI FIIR WIXFEGOW ERH HMJÂ´GYPXMIW WSQI WXEKIW [IVI YRRIGIWWEVMP] PEFSVMSYW ERH WSQI SJ XLI MRJSVQEXMSR EWOIH JSV LEW TVSFEFP] FIIR SJ PMXXPI YWI MR XLI IRH ,S[IZIV [I XLMRO IZIV]XLMRK LEW FIIR YWIJYP EX PIEWX JSV HMHEGXMG TYVTSWIW XLI REVVEXMZI SVMKMREPMX] SJ XLI [VMXXIR XI\XW XLI GYVMSWMX] ERH GLEVQ IZIR XS XLI TSMRX SJ XIRHIVRIWW SJ QER] SJ XLI TMGXYVIW GEXGLMRK XLI IRXLYWMEWQ MR XLI I]IW SJ XLI TVSXEKSRMWXW IZMHIRXP] VIÂµIGXMRK XLI PMKLX MR XLI I]IW SJ XLI SFWIVZIVW PIEH YW XS XLMRO SJ WYGGIWW 8LI VLIXSVMG MW SJXIR PEFSYVIH XLI )RKPMWL SFZMSYWP] MQTIVJIGX XLI TLSXSW EX XMQIW FPYVVIH XLI XIGLRMGEP YRHIVWXERHMRK SJ XLI WIVZMGIW MR WSQI GEWIW HYFMSYW XLI SFWIVZEXMSRW RExZI FYX SZIVEPP MX MW E GSPPIGXMSR SJ WXSVMIW XLEX GSQQYRMGEXI XLI EQE^IQIRX SJ HMWGSZIV] XLI IRXLYWMEWQ SJ IRGSYRXIV ERH E PMXXPI SJ XLI WTMVMX SJ SYV Â¨LIVSÂ© TVSXEKSRMWXW -R SYV STMRMSR XLMW MW TSWWMFPI XLEROW XS XLI I\TIVMIRGI PMZIH F] SYV VIWIEVGLIVW SR XLI Â´IPH XLI quasiethnographic ETTVSEGL LEW RSX PIJX XLIQ MRHMJJIVIRX 3FWIVZMRK XLI] LEZI GEYKLX [LEX [I GER HIWGVMFI EW XLI KIRMYW PSGM SJ GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIW XLI WTMVMX XLEX ERMQEXIW XLIQ ERH that animates the situations they have been capable of engendering. At the same time they LEZI FIKYR XS I\IVGMWI XLI GVMXMGEP I]I SJ XLI HIWMKRIV MQEKMRMRK XLEX [LEX XLI] WE[ GSYPH FIGSQI IZIR QSVI FIEYXMJYP [SVO FIXXIV ERH WTVIEH

%RRE 1IVSRM LEW [VMXXIR XLI TEVEKVETLW =SYRK HIWMKRIVW EW VIWIEVGLIVW 4EVXMGMTERX SFWIVZEXMSR ERH UYEWM IXLRSKVETLMG QIXLSH 8LI HIWMKRIV ERH XLI UYEWM IXLRSKVETLMG QIXLSH 6IWYPXW *VERpSMW .qKSY LEW [VMXXIR XLI TEVEKVETLW ;SVO XSSPW ERH QIXLSHW 8LI 6ITSVXIVÂ«W FSSO

The Promising Cases Repository: using ICT for supporting research activities

171

Paolo Ciuccarelli (Politecnico di Milano)

-X QE] ETTIEV JVYWXVEXMRK ERH VIWXVMGXMZI JSV HIWMKR WXYHIRXW XS YWI E VMKMH WXERHEVHM^IH HMKMXEP JSVQEX XS HIWGVMFI E TLIRSQIRSR EW GSQTPI\ ERH VMGL EW 'VIEXMZI 'SQQYRMXMIW EVI ,S[IZIV [I LEZI XS EHQMX XLEX XLMW MW XLI SRP] [E] XS GVIEXI E GSRWMWXIRX ERH WLEVEFPI ORS[PIHKI FEWI XLEX GSYPH EPWS FI I\TERHIH ERH VI YWIH 8LI I\MWXIRGI SJ E Promising Cases Repository is a necessary base for any strategy aiming to disseminate the values behind Creative Communities.

The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in teaching and research EGXMZMXMIW MW FIGSQMRK QSVI ERH QSVI GSQQSR WTIGMEPP] [LIR XLIWI EGXMZMXMIW MRZSPZI different actors in different countries. In brief we can say that - when ICT in themselves are RSX XLI XSTMG SJ XLIWI VIWIEVGL EGXMZMXMIW XLI] EVI YWIH [MXL JSYV TVMRGMTEP EMQW SXLIV XLER connecting people: C XS FYMPH E GSQQSR ORS[PIHKI FEGOKVSYRH XLVSYKL XLI KEXLIVMRK SVKERM^MRK ERH WLEVMRK of information and documents produced by others (fertilization C XS GSPPIGX ERH WLEVI MRJSVQEXMSR ERH ORS[PIHKI TVSHYGIH HYVMRK ERH WTIGMÂ´GEPP] JSV XLI research/teaching activity (stabilization C XS GSHMJ] E QIXLSHSPSK] E WTIGMÂ´G ORS[ LS[ MRXS E WSJX[EVI TVSGIHYVI ERH EPPS[ participants to produce standard outputs that can be compared for analysis purposes (production C XS FSSWX GSQQIRXW ERH JIIHFEGO HMWGYWWMSRW EFSYX MRJSVQEXMSR ERH HSGYQIRXW KEXLIVIH ERH TVSHYGIH SV EFSYX XLI EGXMZMX] MXWIPJ MR SVHIV XS FYMPH E JYVXLIV PIZIP SJ TEVXMGMTEXIH ORS[PIHKI exploitation). 8LI YWI SJ -'8 XS WYTTSVX )19() XLI )9 JYRHIH 7TIGMÂ´G 7YTTSVX %GXMSRW [LMGL KIRIVEXIH XLI GSPPIGXMSR SJ GEWIW LIVI TVIWIRXIH [EW VIWXVMGXIH EX XLI FIKMRRMRK XS XLI JYPÂ´PQIRX SJ the management need of a common space for information and documents to be used by the TEVXMGMTERXW ERH JSV GSPPIGXMRK XLI HSGYQIRXW XLI] TVSHYGIH MR SXLIV [SVHW EMQW ERH according to the categories defined above. Closing the preparation of the â&#x20AC;&#x153;in-depth formatâ&#x20AC;? for analysing the promising cases (cf. the IWWE] F] 1IVSRM ERH .q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Â´PP MR TVSGIHYVIW ERH SV LEZIRÂŤX E FVSEHFERH GSRRIGXMSR 7S XLI HIGMWMSR [EW XEOIR more as a result of the strategic approach and the â&#x20AC;&#x153;moodâ&#x20AC;? of openness that characterized EPP XLI EGXMZMXMIW XLER EW E GSRWIUYIRGI SJ TVEGXMGEP VIUYMVIQIRXW ;I [ERXIH XS FYMPH YT

something that would help the contents and assumptions of this action to survive their given timeframe. By creating an open collection of cases (contents) and a web interface to allow the MQTPIQIRXEXMSR SJ XLI GSPPIGXMSR ORS[ LS[ [I I\TIGX XS VIEGL E HIITIV HMJJYWMSR ERH YRHIVWXERHMRK SJ XLI Â¨GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIWÂŤÂŠ TVMRGMTPIW

The solution: some technical features *VSQ XLI XIGLRMGEP TSMRX SJ ZMI[ [I HIZIPSTIH E TLT FEWIH [IFWMXI GSRRIGXIH XS E WXERHEVH 750 HEXEFEWI 8LI EVGLMXIGXYVI SJ XLI HEXEFEWI MW WXVMGXP] PMROIH XS XLI GEWI JSVQEX [MXL XLI EMQ SJ QEOMRK XLI Â´PP MR TVSGIWW IEW] ERH WS XS GSPPIGX ERH SVKERMÎ EW QYGL EW TSWWMFPI SJ the information gathered by the researchers. 8LI HIWGVMTXMSR SJ XLI VIGSVHW LEW FIIR HMZMHIH MRXS X[S TLEWIW MR XLI Â´VWX SRI XLI WGLSSPW upload a synthetic description and some pictures of the selected cases ( the â&#x20AC;&#x153;identity cardâ&#x20AC;?). The scientific coordinator of the program uses this description to evaluate and select GEWIW XLEX EVI GSLIVIRX [MXL XLI MHIE ERH XLI HIÂ´RMXMSR SJ Â¨TVSQMWMRK GEWIWÂŠ [I HIÂ´RIH XLMW TVSGIWW EW Â¨ZEPMHEXMSRÂŠ 8LI WIPIGXIH GEWIW EVI WLS[R MR XLI [IFWMXI EW Â¨ZEPMHEXIHÂŠ ERH JVSQ XLMW QSQIRX SR MXÂŤW TSWWMFPI JSV XLI EYXLSVW XS GSRXMRYI [MXL XLI WIGSRH TLEWI XLI HIWGVMTXMSR SJ XLI GEWIW JSPPS[MRK XLI WXITW HIÂ´RIH MR XLI Â¨MR HITXL JSVQEXÂŠ 8LI GIRXVEPMÊXMSR SJ XLI ZEPMHEXMSR TVSGIWW PIH F] 4SPMXIGRMGS HM 1MPERS KYEVERXIIW XLI consistency of the database. -R XLMW TVSGIWW XLI VITSWMXSV] VIGSKRMWIW ZEVMSYW X]TSPSKMIW SJ YWIV [MXL HMJJIVIRX TVSÂ´PIW C XLI ÂËHQMRMWXVEXSVÂŠ TVSÂ´PI EPPS[W YWIVW XS VIEH QSHMJ] ERH IPMQMREXI EPP XLI VIGSVHW EPP XLI GEWIW 8LMW MW EPWS XLI SRP] TVSÂ´PI IREFPIH XS Â¨ZEPMHEXIÂŠ GEWIW C XLI ÂËYXLSVÂŠ TVSÂ´PI EPPS[W YWIVW XS VIEH QSHMJ] ERH IPMQMREXI VIGSVHW MRWIVXIH [MXL E WTIGMÂ´G YWIVREQI ERH TEWW[SVH TIVWSREP VIGSVHW [LMPI XLI SXLIV VIGSVHW GER SRP] FI VIEH C XLI Â¨WGLSSPÂŠ TVSÂ´PI IREFPIW YWIVW XS GVIEXI RI[ ÂËYXLSVWÂŠ XLI] GER EPWS VIEH EPP XLI records. C XLI Â¨KYIWXÂŠ TVSÂ´PI SRP] IREFPIW YWIVW XS VIEH EPP XLI VIGSVHW

annex

The premises

172

Fig. 1

(Fig. 1: The web interface of the Promising Cases Repository) 8LMW VITSWMXSV] IREFPIH XLI WGLSSPW SJ XLI RIX[SVO XS FI EGXMZIP] MRZSPZIH MR XLI TVSGIWW SJ collecting and describing promising cases: more than 200 students and teachers accessed the [IFWMXI ERH YWIH XLI TVSTSWIH JIEXYVIW SJXIR KMZMRK YWIJYP JIIHFEGO ERH WYKKIWXMSRW SR LS[ XS MQTVSZI XLI VITSWMXSV]«W IJJIGXMZIRIWW

annex

One of the considerations arising from this experience is the strengthening of the role of IQEMP EW XLI QEMR GSQQYRMGEXMSR XSSP ERH [SVOMRK XSSP JSV HMWXERX TEVXRIVW EW XLI HMQIRWMSR SJ EXXEGLQIRXW MW RS PSRKIV E TVSFPIQ ERH XLI TS[IV SJ IQEMP WSJX[EVI MR SVKERM^MRK ERH managing messages is growing continuously (all these characteristics are well represented F] XLI +QEMP [IF WIVZMGI TVSZMHIH F] +SSKPI [SVOMRK MR VIWIEVGL ERH HMHEGXMG RIX[SVOW MW FIGSQMRK IEWMIV ERH IEWMIV *YVXLIVQSVI XLI EZEMPEFMPMX] SJ STIR WSYVGI SV JVII[EVI [IFXSSPW for communication activities is rapidly growing. The possibility of using email and/or freeware tools to meet a wide range of communication needs (from sharing information to collecting HSGYQIRXW PMFIVEXIW VIWSYVGIW XLEX GER FI YXMPM^IH XS HIZIPST QSVI GSQTPI\ XSSPW JSV EHZERGIH SV ZIV] WTIGM´G JYRGXMSRW EW [I HMH [MXL XLI 4VSQMWMRK 'EWIW 6ITSWMXSV] Some short notes must be made on the interface of the Promising Cases Repository: C XLI [IFWMXI LEW FIIR HIWMKRIH YWMRK E WMQTPI µI\MFPI KVMH [MXL SRI LIEH PMRI E H]REQMG QIRY SR XLI PIJX ´PXIVW ERH SXLIV STIVEXMSREP XSSPW SR XLI VMKLX ERH XLI GSRXIRXW MR XLI GIRXVI C XLI QIRY WLS[W EPP XLI EZEMPEFPI JSPHIVW REQIH ¨GEWI GSPPIGXMSRW© ERH E RYQFIV SJ SXLIV JYRGXMSRW HITIRHMRK SR XLI YWIV TVS´PI C IEGL GEWI MW WLS[R [MXL XLI XMXPI ERH E TMGXYVI XLMW MW E ´VWX WXIT XS[EVHW KMZMRK E ZMWYEP MQTVIWWMSR SJ XLI GEWIW EX IZIV] TLEWI SJ XLI HIWGVMTXMSR YRPMOI SXLIV [IF FEWIH VITSWMXSVMIW M I LXXT [[[ KPSFEPMHIEWFERO SVK WMXI LSQI 8LI TVSQMRIRGI SJ XLI ZMWYEP approach is also evident in the so called moodboards that come with each case.

Centralize or delegate? -R XLI ´VWX ZIVWMSR SJ XLI 6ITSWMXSV] XLI TVSGIWW SJ TYFPMGEXMSR [EW LIEZMP] GSRXVSPPIH F] XLI ¨GIRXVEP EHQMRMWXVEXMSR© EPP XLI TVSTSWIH GEWIW FVMIµ] HIWGVMFIH F] ER ¨MHIRXMX] GEVH© LEZI

been validated by the Politecnico di Milano. -R TEVXMGYPEV HYVMRK XLI ´PP MR TVSGIWW MRJSVQEXMSR GSRXVSP [EW KYEVERXIIH F] C KMZMRK E GPSWIH PMWX SJ STXMSRW XS GLSSWI EQSRK MR SVHIV XS HIWGVMFI XLI WSPYXMSRW M I OI][SVHW ZEPYIW JYRGXMSRW EHHVIWWIH C KMZMRK E FEWI PMWX SJ STXMSRW [MXL XLI TSWWMFMPMX] SJ ¨GERHMHEXMRK© RI[ SRIW XS FI IZEPYEXIH F] XLI WGMIRXM´G GSSVHMREXSV FIJSVI FIMRK EHHIH XS XLI FEWI PMWX C WLS[MRK XLI PMWX SJ XLI TVIZMSYW RI[ IRXV] STXMSRW MR SVHIV XS KYMHI XLI JVII HEXE IRXV] process and avoid repetition.

7YGL E GIRXVEPM^IH ETTVSEGL KEZI VMWI XS WSQI GVMXMGMWQ FYX MRHYFMXEFP] SJJIVW EX PIEWX SRI EHZERXEKI MX IRWYVIW XLI GSRWMWXIRG] SJ XLI HEXEFEWI F] WXERHEVHMWMRK XLI QIERMRK SJ OI][SVHW ERH XLI GVMXIVME JSV GEWI ZEPMHEXMSR 3R XLI SXLIV LERH MX GER FI EVKYIH XLEX JSV the same reasons we lose something in terms of richness and variety of the descriptions. *YVXLIVQSVI XLI ZEPMHEXMRK EGXMZMX] MXWIPJ MW E GSWX MR XIVQW SJ VIWSYVGIW ERH EPWS E TSWWMFPI FSXXPI RIGO MR XLI TVSGIWW SJ TSTYPEXMRK XLI VITSWMXSV] A similar debate – standard vs open description - is currently growing within the development SJ XLI [IF TEVXMGYPEVP] MR XLI IZSPYXMSR XS[EVHW XLI MHIE SJ E ¨WIQERXMG [IF© EW HIWGVMFIH MR ;MOMTIHME ¨8LI 7IQERXMG ;IF MW E TVSNIGX XLEX MRXIRHW XS GVIEXI E YRMZIVWEP QIHMYQ JSV information exchange by putting documents with computer-processable meaning (semantics) SR XLI ;SVPH ;MHI ;IF 'YVVIRXP] YRHIV XLI HMVIGXMSR SJ XLI ;IF«W GVIEXSV 8MQ &IVRIVW 0II SJ XLI ;SVPH ;MHI ;IF 'SRWSVXMYQ XLI 7IQERXMG ;IF I\XIRHW XLI ;IF XLVSYKL XLI YWI SJ WXERHEVHW QEVOYT PERKYEKIW ERH VIPEXIH TVSGIWWMRK XSSPW© -R SXLIV [SVHW XS VIEPP] I\XVEGX ZEPYI JVSQ XLI YWI SJ E ZEVMIX] SJ [IF WMXIW XLI TEKIW SJ XLIWI [IF WMXIW LEZI XS be described in a standard way. A similar problem is also emerging in the fast-growing TLIRSQIRSR SJ STIR [IF FEWIH HMKMXEP EVGLMZIW M I *PMGOV JSV HMKMXEP TMGXYVIW EW ER]FSH] MW EPPS[IH XS YWI TIVWSREP OI][SVHW XEKW XS HIWGVMFI XLI HMKMXEP HSGYQIRXW XLI] [ERX XS WLEVI [MXL SXLIV YWIVW XLIVI EVI RS KYEVERXIIW XLEX E WTIGM´G OI][SVH [MPP FI YWIH [MXL E WMQMPEV QIERMRK 7S MJ ]SY WIEVGL JSV E WTIGM´G OI][SVH XLI PEVKIV XLI EVGLMZI XLI PEVKIV XLI TSWWMFMPMX] SJ ´RHMRK VIWYPXW XLEX EVI RSX TIVXMRIRX HSGYQIRXW XLEX LEZI FIIR MRHI\IH YWMRK E HMJJIVIRX QIERMRK JSV XLI WEQI OI][SVH

173

Fig. 3

CENTRAL VALIDATOR

CONTROL ON CONTENTS

DISTRIBUTED VALIDATION

- LESS CONTROL, + RICHNESS

NO VALIDATION (?)

OPEN CONTRIBUTIONS (?)

1. GUEST

CONTENTS ACCESS

2. AUTHOR

CONTENTS CO-CREATION + KNOWLEDGE USE

3. DEVELOPER

KNOWLEDGE (PROCESSES) CO-CREATION

There are a number of possible ways and tools for cataloguing and indexing digital HSGYQIRXW JVSQ XLIWEYVM ERH HMGXMSREVMIW XS XEKW ERH JSPOWSRSQMIW 8LI GLSMGI SJ XSSPW ERH methodologies to be used for indexing documents is strictly related to the purposes of the TVSGIWW ERH XS XLI PIZIP SJ I\TIGXIH EYXLSVMX] SJ XLI HSGYQIRX IRWIQFPI 8LI TSWWMFMPMX] of browsing consistently through different archives or through an archive fed by users from HMJJIVIRX GSYRXVMIW GYPXYVIW ERH PERKYEKIW GER FI KYEVERXIIH SRP] F] E GSRXVSPPIH W]WXIQ SJ OI][SVHW WLEVIH F] EPP YWIVW

Knowledge as an open (re)source

*VSQ E QSVI KIRIVEP TSMRX SJ ZMI[ IZIR MJ E WXVSRK WIX SJ VYPIW MW TVSZMHIH STIRMRK XLI TSWWMFMPMX] SJ GSRXVMFYXMRK XS XLI GSRWXVYGXMSR SJ E GSQQSR HEXEFEWI XS E [MHI YWIV KVSYT EP[E]W VITVIWIRXW E VMWO ;MOMTIHME JSV I\EQTPI HIWTMXI XLI MRHYFMXEFPI VMGLRIWW GVIEXIH F] STIR TEVXMGMTEXMSR ¦ WSQIXMQIW ERH IWTIGMEPP] MR WTIGM´G LMWXSVMGEPP] MQTSVXERX QSQIRXW WYJJIVW TVSFPIQW PMROIH XS XLI TSWWMFMPMX] SJ IEWMP] QERMTYPEXMRK MRJSVQEXMSR XLI HI´RMXMSRW of some terms are often “polluted” by personal opinions and/or unreliable information or PEGO E GPIEV VIJIVIRGI XS E ZEPMH EYXLSV 1SVISZIV XLIVI EVI E PSX SJ WSJX[EVI EKIRXW XLEX EVI TVSKVEQQIH XS TYX MRJSVQEXMSR X]TMGEPP] EHZIVXMWMRK EYXSQEXMGEPP] SRXS STIR [IFWMXIW WYGL EW FPSKW JSVYQW IXG

This possibility of re-using the methodology autonomously in fact represents the second step XS[EVHW ¨STIRMRK XLI ORS[PIHKI© KIRIVEXIH MR XLI QEOMRK SJ XLI OMRH SJ )9 JYRHIH 7TIGM´G Support Actions which generated this collection of cases. The first step in this process is offering free access to the repository using the “guest” TVS´PI JSV TISTPI RSX MRZSPZIH MR XLI VIWIEVGL EGXMZMX] ERH XS XLI MHIRXMX] GEVHW SJ EPP XLI GEWIW TYFPMWLIH F] XLI WGLSSPW ZMWMFPI SR XLI LSQITEKI ER]FSH] GER EGGIWW XLI [[[ promisingcases.org). ;I EPWS MHIRXM´IH ¦ W]QQIXVMGEPP] [MXL XLI ZEPMHEXMSR TVSGIWW XLI XLMVH ERH ´REP WXIT MR XLI ORS[PIHKI STIRMRK TVSGIWW XLI XVERWJSVQEXMSR SJ XLI [IF FEWIH ETTPMGEXMSR MRXS ER open source software. This means that conditions should exist to enable other developers to EGGIWW ERH QSHMJ] XLI WSYVGI GSHI SJ XLI [IF ETTPMGEXMSR MR SVHIV ¦ JSV I\EQTPI ¦ XS QSHMJ] SV EHH RI[ HEXE ´IPHW XS XLI SVMKMREP EREP]WMW JSVQEX 3V FIXXIV XS EHH RI[ JYRGXMSRW XS XLI original web tool.

*SV XLIWI VIEWSRW MR XLI GYVVIRX ERH PEXIWX WIGSRH ZIVWMSR SJ XLI 4VSQMWMRK 'EWIW 6ITSWMXSV] [I HIGMHIH XS QEMRXEMR XLI ZEPMHEXMSR TVSGIWW FYX EX XLI WEQI XMQI XS KMZI WGLSSPW E GIVXEMR PIZIP SJ EYXSRSQ] [I EPWS LSPH XLI ZEPMHEXMSR TVSGIWW XS FI RIGIWWEV] FIGEYWI XLI repository is conceived as a supporting tool for teaching activities with a primary one-to-many learning relationship (professor-to-students). The possibility of many-to-many relations comes PEXIV [MXL E WIGSRH PIZIP SJ MRJSVQEXMSR MRJSVQEXMSR EFSYX MRJSVQEXMSR %R I\EQTPI MW XLI GVIEXMSR SJ E FPSK EFSYX XLI GEWI GSPPIGXMSR SR XLI 7YWXEMREFPI )ZIV]HE] 4VSNIGX [IFWMXI XS collect comments and discussions on published promising cases (http://www.sustainableIZIV]HE] RIX )19() 8S WYTTSVX WGLSSPW MR XLIMV EYXSRSQSYW ZEPMHEXMSR TVSGIWW [I GVIEXIH E WTIGM´G TVS´PI XLI ¨TVSJIWWSV© TVS´PI [LMGL IREFPIW IEGL WMRKPI TEVXMGMTEXMRK WGLSSP XS GVIEXI E RI[ JSPHIV E RI[ GEWI GSPPIGXMSR ERH E PMWX SJ EYXLSVW EPPS[IH XS YTPSEH MRJSVQEXMSR SRXS XLMW JSPHIV IEGL school can also validate the cases produced by the authors on the list. (Fig. 2: Typologies of validation process and possibilities for contents-control)

%X XLI GYVVIRX WXEKI IZIV] WGLSSP SV EREPSKSYW MRWXMXYXMSR GER FI IREFPIH EW E HIPIKEXI XS YWI XLI ;IF 6ITSWMXSV] ERH EW E GSRWIUYIRGI XLI QIXLSHSPSK] ERH XLI ORS[PIHKI EFSYX LS[ XS HIWGVMFI E TVSQMWMRK GEWI GSRHIRWIH MRXS XLI WS GEPPIH ¨MR HITXL HIWGVMTXMSR JSVQEX © 7GLSSPW [MPPMRK XS GSRXVMFYXI LEZI XS ETTP] JSV E ªTVSJIWWSV« EGGSYRX ERH MJ RSX ]IX JEQMPMEV [MXL XLMW EGXMZMX] HS[RPSEH XLI MRWXVYGXMSRW ERH GEWI HIWGVMTXMSR JSVQEX JVSQ XLI [IFWMXI

(Fig. 3: Access profiles and possible activities) 3TIR WSYVGI HSIWR«X QIER ¨RS VYPIW© XLIVI EVI EX PIEWX X[S RIGIWWEV] XEWOW [I WLSYPH GSQTPIXI ´VWX GLSSWI E PMGIRGI JVSQ XLI LYKI RYQFIV SJ I\MWXMRK STIR PMGIRGIW JVSQ 'VIEXMZI 'SQQSRW XS +IRIVEP 4YFPMG 0MGIRWIW ERH WIGSRH [VMXI E WIX SJ HSGYQIRXW IREFPMRK HIZIPSTIVW XS YRHIVWXERH LS[ XLI [IF ETTPMGEXMSR LEW FIIR TVSHYGIH ERH WS QEOI XLIMV contributions autonomously. The transformation of each application into an open source one typically requires a considerable amount of time if not planned from the beginning of the development process: XLI GSHI WLSYPH FI [VMXXIR EGGSVHMRK XS WXERHEVHW XLEX QEOI MX IEWMP] YRHIVWXERHEFPI XS

annex

Fig. 2

174

HIZIPSTIVW [MXL QMRMQYQ WOMPPW &YX EW XLI HIZIPSTQIRX SJ XLI 4VSQMWMRK 'EWIW 6ITSWMXSV] [EW ER I\TIVMQIRXEP TVSNIGX [MXL E ÂľYMH JIIHFEGO TVSGIWW ERH [MXLSYX ER E TVMSVM TPERRMRK HSGYQIRX MX [EW RSX TSWWMFPI XS HIÂ´RI EPP XLI VIUYMVIQIRXW JVSQ XLI FIKMRRMRK Nevertheless the possibility to transform the web application into an open source one can be GSRWMHIVIH EW SRI SJ XLI TSWWMFPI [E]W XS I\TPSMX XLI ORS[PIHKI KIRIVEXIH [MXL XLMW EGXMSR %GGSVHMRK XS XLI VYPIW TVSZMHIH F] XLI )9 XS KYMHI JYRHIH TVSNIGXW I\TPSMXEFPI VIWYPXW EVI HIÂ´RIH EW Â¨ ORS[PIHKI LEZMRK E TSXIRXMEP JSV MRHYWXVMEP SV GSQQIVGMEP ETTPMGEXMSR MR VIWIEVGL EGXMZMXMIW SV JSV HIZIPSTMRK GVIEXMRK SV QEVOIXMRK E TVSHYGX SV TVSGIWW SV JSV GVIEXMRK SV TVSZMHMRK E WIVZMGI ÂŠ JVSQ %TTIRHM\ Â¨4VSNIGX VITSVXMRK MR *4 +YMHERGI RSXIWÂŠ 7XEVXMRK JVSQ XLEX [I GER VIEWSREFP] WE] XLEX XLI [IF ETTPMGEXMSR FILMRH XLI 4VSQMWMRK 'EWIW 6ITSWMXSV] ÂŚ MXW WSJX[EVI GSHI GER FI WIIR EW Â¨ORS[PIHKI LEZMRK E TSXIRXMEP JSV HIZIPSTMRK GVIEXMRK E TVSGIWW SV JSV GVIEXMRK SV TVSZMHMRK E WIVZMGIÂŠ MJ IRSYKL VIWSYVGIW EVI put on the table.

annex

1SVI MR HIXEMP XLI I\TPSMXEFPI VIWYPXW VIPEXMRK XS XLI HIZIPSTQIRX SJ XLI 6ITSWMXSV] EVI C % VIPEXMSREP HEXEFEWI KIRIVEXIH F] XLI XVERWJSVQEXMSR SJ XLI Â¨GEWI HIWGVMTXMSR JSVQEXÂŠ into an E-R (Entity-Relations) standard structure. The transformation of the â&#x20AC;&#x153;case description formatâ&#x20AC;? into a relational database enables: (a) SVKERM^EXMSR SJ GSRXIRXW F GSPPEFSVEXMSR MR YWMRK XLI JSVQEX G KVS[XL SJ XLI ORS[PIHKI FEWI SR 4VSQMWMRK 'EWIW H I\TSVX SJ MRJSVQEXMSR XS SXLIV HEXEFEWI ETTPMGEXMSRW C 8LI ;IF MRXIVJEGI [LMGL HIXIVQMRIW YWIV I\TIVMIRGI XLI [E] MR [LMGL HMJJIVIRX EGXSVW TEVXMGMTEXI MR XLI GSPPEFSVEXMZI EGXMZMX] SJ GSPPIGXMRK 4VSQMWMRK 'EWIW M I EGGIWW TVSÂ´PIW validate and candidate functions...) These products can be used in design didactics / design research / research and didactics in other domains / institutions. For these products we chose not to have a patent or a protection strategy: it seems coherent to use public funding to create open platforms â&#x20AC;&#x201C; such as the Promising Cases Repository GSYPH FI ÂŚ XLEX GER FI YWIH ERH IZIR QSHMÂ´IH YT XS E TSMRX F] IZIV]FSH] 8LI 6ITSWMXSV] [IF XSSP IREFPIW XLI HMJJYWMSR SJ E [E] SJ HSMRK VIWIEVGL E VIWIEVGL ORS[ LS[ XLEX GER FI easily transferred to other research institutions and design schools. These new actors can XLIR EGXMZEXI E ZMVXYSYW TVSGIWW IRPEVKMRK XLI ORS[PIHKI FEWI EFSYX TVSQMWMRK GEWIW ERH

creative communities. The Promising Cases Repository plays a role in the dissemination of the results (a phase WTIGMÂ´GEPP] VIUYIWXIH F] XLI 7TIGMÂ´G 7YTTSVX %GXMSRW TVSKVEQ -R JEGX MX EPWS [SVOW EW E communication tool: the Promising Cases Collections have been public since the 13th of (IGIQFIV ERH IZIV]SRI GER VIEH E FVMIJ HIWGVMTXMSR SJ IEGL TVSQMWMRK GEWI SR XLI [IFWMXI [[[ TVSQMWMRKGEWIW SVK [MXLSYX ER] WTIGMÂ´G EYXLSVM^EXMSR 8LI Â´VWX I\TIVMQIRX LEW FIIR QEHI MR GSPPIGXMRK MRJSVQEXMSR ERH ORS[PIHKI EFSYX XLI TYFPMWLIH TVSQMWMRK GEWIW YWMRK SXLIV [IF WMXIW 8LMW MW XLI GEWI SJ XLI TVIZMSYWP] QIRXMSRIH FPSK 7YWXEMREFPI )ZIV]HE] 4VSNIGX 7)4 [LMGL EMQW XS GSPPIGX GSQQIRXW EFSYX XLI TYFPMWLIH TVSQMWMRK GEWIW The Promising Cases Repository and the SEP blog are both addressed to any recipient MRXIVIWXIH MR HIITIRMRK ORS[PIHKI EFSYX XLI Â¨GVIEXMZI GSQQYRMXMIWÂŠ TLIRSQIRSR &SXL HMWWIQMREXMSR ERH I\TPSMXEXMSR SJ ORS[PIHKI VIPEXMRK XS XLMW VIWIEVGL EVI GSQTPMGEXIH F] GST]VMKLX ERH TVMZEG] PIKMWPEXMSR *SV MRJSVQEXMSR MR XLI HEXEFEWI JVSQ SR PMRI HIWGVMTXMSRW SJ TVSQMWMRK GEWIW [I GLSWI XS ETTP] XLI 'VIEXMZI 'SQQSRW STIR PMGIRGI which can also be applied â&#x20AC;&#x201C; by using the Science Commons agreement â&#x20AC;&#x201C; to the database MXWIPJ JSV QSVI MRJSVQEXMSR EFSYX 'VIEXMZI 'SQQSRW ERH 7GMIRGI 'SQQSRW PMGIRGIW KS XS LXXT [[[ GVIEXMZIGSQQSRW SVK ERH LXXT WGMIRGIGSQQSRW SVK %KEMR XLI MHIE FILMRH XLMW GLSMGI [EW XS STIR XLI MRJSVQEXMSR ERH ORS[PIHKI KIRIVEXIH through all the activities as far as possible so as to spread and heighten awareness of â&#x20AC;&#x153;creative communitiesâ&#x20AC;?. 8LI 4VSQMWMRK 'EWI 6ITSWMXSV] LEW FIIR HIZIPSTIH F] (ERMIPI +EPMJJE [[[ QIRXIKVEÂ´GE MX within the DesignNet research unit.

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176

Authorsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; biographies

Bas de Leeuw

Anna Meroni

PĂĽl Strandbakken

Isabella Marras

&EW HI 0IIY[ MW ER IGSRSQMWX [MXL E QEWXIVÂŤW HIKVII MR QEGVS economic policy from the Erasmus 9RMZIVWMX] 6SXXIVHEQ 8LI Netherlands. ,I MW LIEH 7XVEXIK] 9RMX SJ XLI Production and Consumption &VERGL SJ XLI 9RMXIH 2EXMSRW Environment Programme. His current responsibilities include WYTIVZMWMRK 92)4ÂŤW [SVO SR E XIR ]IEV JVEQI[SVO SR WYWXEMREFPI consumption and production and on developing policies and XSSPW JSV KSZIVRQIRXW FYWMRIWW and civil society to achieve tangible results in areas such as MRHYWXVMEP HIZIPSTQIRX IQIVKIRG] TVITEVIHRIWW WYWXEMREFPI PMJIWX]PIW human development through the QEVOIX ERH VIWSYVGI ERH [EWXI management.

%RRE 1IVSRM EVGLMXIGX ERH HIWMKRIV has a PhD in Industrial Design. She [SVOW EW VIWIEVGLIV MR XLI VIWIEVGL YRMX (-7 (IWMKR ERH -RRSZEXMSR JSV Sustainability of the Department INDACO (Industrial Design) of 4SPMXIGRMGS HM 1MPERS [LIVI WLI MW Assistant Professor in Service and Strategic Design and co-director of the international Master in Strategic (IWMKR SVKERMWIH F] XLI GSRWSVXMYQ POLI.design. Her topic is strategic system innovation: she is involved in several MRXIVREXMSREP VIWIEVGL EGXMZMXMIW MR the organisation of symposiums ERH IZIRXW ERH [VMXIW JSV HIWMKR NSYVREPW EFSYX WXVEXIKMG MRRSZEXMSR

4oP 7XVERHFEOOIR KEMRIH E 1EK EVX MR WSGMSPSK] JVSQ XLI 9RMZIVWMX] SJ 3WPS MR ,I [SVOIH EX XLI %PXIVREXMZI *YXYVI TVSNIGX YRXMP [LIR LI NSMRIH 7-*3 2EXMSREP Institute for Consumer Research) as VIWIEVGL JIPPS[ JSGYWWMRK QEMRP] SR GSRWYQTXMSR ERH WYWXEMREFMPMX] eco-labelling and product durability.

-WEFIPPE 1EVVEW TVSKVEQQI SJÂ´GIV EX 92)4 (8-) WMRGI MW specialised in consumption issues concerning governments and young people. Both governments and ]SYXL LEZI E LYKI QEVOIX TS[IV ERH GSYPH QEOI E GSRXVMFYXMSR to the shift to more sustainable lifestyles. Her youth programme is carried out in co-operation with 92)7'3 ERH ]SYXL ERH GSRWYQIV organisations: it started in 1999 with a survey reaching 10 000 youth in 24 countries about their EWTMVEXMSRW EXXMXYHIW EW GSRWYQIVW and sense of empowerment. As a JSPPS[ YT XS XLMW WYVZI] 92)4 ERH 92)7'3 TVSHYGIH YOUTHXCANGE E [IF FEWIH VIWSYVGI OMX XS WYTTSVX Youth and Consumer NGOs in communications with young adults about responsible lifestyles.

Ezio Manzini

Eivind StĂ¸

Priya Bala

Ezio Manzini is full professor of Design at the Politecnico di Milano. He deals with strategic design and HIWMKR JSV WYWXEMREFMPMX] [MXL E focus on the scenario building and solution development. 7SQI VIWYPXW SJ LMW VIGIRX [SVOW LEZI FIIR IHMXIH MR XLI FSSOW 1ER^MRM ) .IKSY * Sustainable everyday )HM^MSRM %QFMIRXI 1MPERS 0ISRK & ( 1ER^MRM E. Design Vision: a Sustainable Way of Living in China 2MRKRER 4YFPMWLMRK ,SYWI 0XH 'LMRE and in several papers (some of them can be found in: http://www. sustainable-everyday.net/manzini/

)MZMRH 7XÂ&#x2DC; FSVR MR LSPHW a graduate (mag. art.) degree in TSPMXMGEP WGMIRGI JVSQ 9RMZIVWMX] of Oslo in 1972. He is director of research at SIFO (National Institute for Consumer Research) ERH LEW FIIR [SVOMRK [MXL GSRWYQIV TSPMG] ERH MRXIVIWXW GSRWYQIV GSQTPEMRMRK WYWXEMREFPI consumption and eco labelling. He was the first editor of the Norwegian Journal of Political Science 1985 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1988 (co-editor). He is the Coordinator of the )YVSTIER TVSNIGX 8SSP7YWX QIQFIV SJ XLI EHZMWSV] FSEVH SJ '6-' 1ERGLIWXIV 9RMZIVWMX] ERH 2001 Chair of the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Sociology of 'SRWYQTXMSRÂŠ ;SVOMRK KVSYT YRHIV XLI )YVSTIER 7SGMSPSK] %WWSGMEXMSR 2001 â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2006.

4VM]E &EPE LEW [SVOIH SR MWWYIW of sustainable development at the international and grassroots PIZIP %W E TSPMG] SJÂ´GIV EX '- WLI has been involved in coordinating MRXIVREXMSREP TVSNIGXW SR sustainable consumption. In 2005 she authored the CI publication Streetwise: A snapshot of the street food sector in Asia and Africa [LMGL considers the role of the informal economy in supporting food security and food safety in resource poor communities. Having lived in 7SYXL %WME XLI 1MHHPI )EWX )YVSTI ERH 2SVXL %QIVMGE WLI WXVMZIW XS bring a global perspective to current development challenges.

Edina Vadovics

Helma Luiten

Ian Grout

Liz Davis

François Jégou

)HMRE :EHSZMGW MW GYVVIRXP] E 4L( student at the Environmental Sciences and Policy Department of 'IRXVEP )YVSTIER 9RMZIVWMX] ')9 in Budapest. Her research focuses on sustainable consumption and sustainable communities. Prior to her studies and research at ')9 WLI [SVOIH MR IRZMVSRQIRXEP ERH WYWXEMREFMPMX] QEREKIQIRX and delivered training courses in the field both for companies and students in higher education. As a ZSPYRXIIV WLI LEW FIIR MRZSPZIH with creative communities both MR XLI )EWXIVR ERH ;IWXIVR TEVX of Europe. She is also president of GreenDependent Sustainable Solutions Association.

,IPQE 0YMXIR [SVOW EX XLI (YXGL research institute TNO and studied Industrial Design at the Delft 9RMZIVWMX] SJ 8IGLRSPSK] 7LI MW currently involved in a number of WYWXEMREFPI MRRSZEXMSR TVSNIGXW 7LI is developing a method for doing experiments within a transition XVENIGXSV] 8LMW QIXLSH MW FEWIH SR TMPSX TVSNIGXW JVSQ XLI 823 Sustainable System Innovation -RMXMEXMZI MR GS STIVEXMSR [MXL GSQTERMIW SVKERM^EXMSRW ERH government (2003-2006). She also [SVOIH SR JYXYVI JSVIWMKLX WXYHMIW MR XLI EVIE SJ JSSH LSYWILSPHW and on client needs of textile care companies.

Ian Grout For the past ten years Ian has been researching and teaching in Product Design at The Glasgow School of Art. He travels and teaches throughout the departments international exchange RIX[SVO ERH LEW EPWS FIIR XLI External Examiner for Goldsmiths in London and Les Ateliers in Paris. ,I MW XLI S XLI KPSFEP RIX[SVO JSV WYWXEMREFPI HIWMKR VITVIWIRXEXMZI JSV 7GSXPERH ,I MW GS EYXLSV [MXL -'-7 (IRQEVO SJ E TER KPSFEP TVSNIGX SR VMXYEP GSRRIGXIH XS ICOGRADA and also teaches on masters programmes at the Centre for Human Ecology. His research interests involve developing new creative methodologies by which to HIWMKR QSVI IXLMGEPP] IGSPSKMGEPP] and sustainably.

*SPPS[MRK )HYGEXMSR ERH %VX (IWMKR WXYHMIW MR 0SRHSR 0M^ (EZMW NSMRIH XLI JSYRHMRK XIEQ EX 0IW Ateliers/Ensci in 1982 where she is now academic advisor and Head of 7XYHMS -RXIVREXMSREP VYRRMRK XLI WGLSSP«W TVSKVEQQI SJ GVSWW GYPXYVEP TVSNIGXW ERH EGXMZMXMIW 7LI LEW [SVOIH ERH XEYKLX MR QER] VIKMSRW SJ XLI [SVPH TEVXMGYPEVP] JSGYWWMRK on the challenges of design within local development. In 2002 she completed an urban studies degree EX XLI 9RMZIVWMX] SJ %M\ 1EVWIMPPI She is the Paris leader of the Master of European Design (MEDes.) programme.

*VERpSMW .qKSY MW E 7XVEXIKMG Design consultant with a degree in industrial design: he is visiting professor at the Faculty of Design of the Politecnico in Milan and 0E 'EQFVI 7GLSSP SJ :MWYEP %VX in Brussels. Since he runs the consultancy DALT-SDS based in 4EVMW ERH &VYWWIPW WTIGMEPMWMRK MR co-designing scenarios and new product-service system definition. He is active in various fields MRGPYHMRK WYWXEMREFPI HIWMKR MRXIVEGXMSR HIWMKR GSKRMXMZI IVKSRSQMGW WIRMSV JVMIRHP] HIWMKR WIGYVMX] SJ TLEVQEGIYXMGEP TVSHYGXW innovation in food products. He MW MRZSPZIH MR WIZIVEP )9 VIWIEVGL TVSNIGXW TVSQSXIW XLI [[[ sustainable-everyday.net platform and the www.solutioning-design.net RIX[SVO

Ruben Mnatsakanian

Luisa Collina

Simone Maase

Cindy Kohtala

Paolo Ciuccarelli

6YFIR 1REXWEOERMER WMRGI 2000 is head of Department of Environmental Sciences and Policy EX 'IRXVEP )YVSTIER 9RMZIVWMX] Budapest. He has specialised in analysis of information on the state of the environment in the former WSGMEPMWX GSYRXVMIW MRGPYHMRK XLI JSVQIV 9776 LI TYFPMWLIH E FSSO and a number of articles on the issue. He is part of the group that prepared the GEO report series JSV XLI 92)4 LI [EW [SVOMRK as a consultant in environmental TSPMG] MWWYIW JSV ;,3 92)4 -*)2 (French National Institute for the Environment).

Luisa Collina is full professor of Design at Politecnico di Milano. Since 2000 she co-ordinates the MRXIVREXMSREP VIPEXMSRW ERH TVSNIGXW of the Design Faculty and Design Department. 7LI GSPPEFSVEXIW [MXL YRMZIVWMXMIW research centres and companies in international research and WXVEXIKMG MRRSZEXMSR TVSNIGXW MR XLI HIWMKR ´IPH 7LI LEW FIIR TVSNIGX coordinator of some of these MRXIVREXMSREP TVSNIGXW 8LI VIWYPXW of her research and didactic activity have been presented through various international conferences and publications. Since 2000 she is member of the PhD board in “Industrial Design and Multimedia Communication”.

7MQSRI 1EEWI [SVOW EW VIWIEVGLIV and teacher at the department of Industrial Design in the Designed -RXIPPMKIRGI KVSYT )MRHLSZIR 9RMZIVWMX] SJ 8IGLRSPSK] 3VMKMREPP] XVEMRIH ERH [SVOMRK EW ER MRHYWXVMEP HIWMKR IRKMRIIV LIV JSGYW WLMJXIH from product development “pur sang” to sustainable development in the field of industrial design. She studies how and to what extent co-design tools and methods contribute to the development of sustainable solutions. A new role for industrial design profession is about to emerge.

'MRH] /SLXEPE VIGIMZIH LIV &*% degree in Industrial Design from XLI 9RMZIVWMX] SJ %PFIVXE 'EREHE in 1991 and an MA degree in 'VEJX (IWMKR JVSQ XLI 9RMZIVWMX] SJ %VX (IWMKR ,IPWMROM MR 7LI GYVVIRXP] PMZIW ERH [SVOW MR ,IPWMROM *MRPERH EW E VIWIEVGLIV concentrating on design-forsustainability and strategic foresight. 7LI EPWS [SVOW MR GSQQYRMGEXMSRW ERH HEFFPIW MR GVEJX HIWMKR IWTIGMEPP] [SVOMRK [MXL VIG]GPIH QEXIVMEPW 7LI MW :MGI 4VIWMHIRX SJ S *MRPERH ER 2+3 JSV designers interested in sustainable solutions.

Paolo Ciuccarelli is associate TVSJIWWSV EX XLI -RHYWXVMEP (IWMKR %VXW 'SQQYRMGEXMSR ERH *EWLMSR (ITEVXQIRX EX 4SPMXIGRMGS HM 1MPERS where he teaches Communication Design. Research and publishing EGXMZMXMIW EVI JSGYWIH SR ORS[PIHKI transfer mechanisms in design processes and information/ ORS[PIHKI ZMWYEPM^EXMSR ,I«W VIWTSRWMFPI SJ XLI (IWMKR2IX TVSNIGX (Tools and Methods for Information ERH /RS[PIHKI 1EREKIQIRX MR Design Processes) and coordinator SJ XLI 430- XIGE (IWMKR /RS[PIHKI 'IRXVI FSXL EX 4SPMXIGRMGS HM 1MPERS He coordinates the participation of the Design Faculty in the Master of European Design.

177

178

Antennas: the network of schools

Poland %GEHIQ] SJ *MRI %VXW MR /VEOS[ PSGEP GSSVHMREXSV 1SRMOE &MIPEO

France )27'- 0IW %XIPMIVW 4EVMW PSGEP GSSVHMREXSVW 0MGME &SXXYVE 0M^ (EZMW

Estonia )WXSRMER %GEHIQ] SJ %VXW 8EPPMR local coordinator: Martin Parn

Italy Politecnico di Milano PSGEP GSSVHMREXSVW )^MS 1ER^MRM %RRE 1IVSRM

United Kingdome 7GLSSP SJ (IWMKR 8LI +PEWKS[ 7GLSSP SJ %VX 7GSXPERH local coordinator: Ian Grout

Germany 7GLSSP SJ (IWMKR 9RMZIVWMX] SJ %TTPMIH 7GMIRGIW 'SPSKRI local coordinator: Holger Mueller

The Netherlands )MRHLSZIR 9RMZIVWMX] SJ 8IGLRSPSK] (ITEVXQIRX SJ -RHYWXVMEP (IWMKR PSGEP GSSVHMREXSVW 7MQSRI 1EEWI 4IXIV .SSVI

Finland 9RMZIVWMX] SJ %VX ERH (IWMKR ,IPWMROM PSGEP GSSVHMREXSVW 6EMQS 2MOOERIR 'MRH] /SLXEPE

179

This book is about social innovation as a driver for sustainable technological and production innovation. Adopting a design perspective, it presents several case studies and their providers, the creative communities, where individuals and communities use existing resources in a creative, original way to bring about system innovation. This book does not set out to give yet another theoretical definition of creativity. Instead it seeks to define creativity through a series of innovative responses to the various problems that crop up in everyday life. So it talks about on-the-field creativity (and therefore innovation) triggered by the real context of needs, resources, principles and capabilities. The cases and the people presented in this book are not only interesting because they are innovative, but they are also aesthetically “beautiful”: there is something in the way they appear that invokes positive emotions and recalls the straightforward aesthetics of the useful. They are beautiful because they are colourful and authentically and surprisingly creative. They express vitality and spirit of initiative: they are the unthinkable made possible, the alternative getting itself into working order. And they are also “good”: whether intentionally or by coincidence they propose solutions in which individual interests converge with those of society and the environment, creating conditions for a more satisfying use of resources. Because this restores meaning and value to everyday activities they look promising as a transition towards sustainability.