renewable energy needs to shift if Australia wants to develop a significant renewable energy exporter in the world (Sustainable Sydney 2030: Community strategic plan n.d.). Strategic plans are critical in the planning process. This vision is transformed into physical growth patterns by allowing regulations and construction codes, and it is mostly provided through economic forces. To develop fully livable neighborhoods, the planning process considers a wide range of community ambitions and concerns (Guyadeen & Seasons, 2016). There are usually two competing perspectives when it comes to developing a metropolitan plan. For beginning, take a top-down approach, in which the metropolitan interests come first and are backed by subordinate plans with falling geographic scales but increasing degrees of detail. With this strategy, a variety of social, economic, and environmental goals are being sought to be balanced. Parallel to the above, planning aims for a bottom-up strategy that includes input from the local community and formalizes its values and objectives as part of the legal strategic planning (Corfee-Morlot et al., 2010).
Australian Temperature Overview Urban overheating has become a significant issue in Australia, and city residents are frequently plagued by excessive heat and frequent heatwaves (Santamouris et al., 2017). As a result of the UHI (urban heat island) effect, which is generated by city characteristics (such as population density, structure, and use of land), construction materials and anthropogenic heat (such as emissions from vehicles and building energy use), urban overheating is a common problem (green areas, water) (Haddad et al., 2019). Nearly all Australian cities have data on the UHI effect (Santamouris et al., 2017). The self-amplifying process of continental weather conditions mixed with the heat island effect typically causes urban warming in Australia's cities (Yun et al., 2020). There is a strong correlation between urban overheating and the dual atmospheric systems that bring cool sea breezes from the ocean and warm desert winds from the inland. As a result, finding out how urban overheating behaves, and forms is difficult. Overheating in cities, as well as frequent, extreme, and long-lasting heatwaves, have serious consequences for the environment, health, and economics. The UHI impact and urban heat management have been made easier with the development of cutting-edge technologies and strategies. Sustainable urban development can be achieved using mitigation practices and methods such urban greening, rooftop gardens, vertical gardens, cool roofs, and pavements (Salata et al., 2017). If "a considerable difference in temperature may be noticed within a city, or between a city and its suburbs, and/or its surrounding rural areas, and the highest temperatures are expected to occur in the densest part of an urban area," it is typically observed. In Australia, data on the level of UHIs is provided for almost all the country's major cities (O’Malley et al., 2014).
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