Shreejay portfolio I

Contents Graduate Academic Projects

01| Monterray Masterplan Professional Work (Transsolar)

02| Countway Medical Library Fall 2016, A Daylighting Project

03| Joshua Tree N.P Visitor Center Fall 2016, A Net Zero Energy Building, Energy Simulation

04| Aloft counter proposal Fall 2016, Economics, Environment & Enterprise

Architecture Projects

05| Nepal Mediciti Professional Work

06| Climate Change Research Center Undergraduate Thesis(Academic)

The total annual solar exposure shows potenƟal for renewable energy generaƟon such as solar photovoltaic or solar thermal, both on the rooŌops as well as on the building facades. The total annual solar exposure is close to 2000 W/m² on the unshaded horizontal surfaces such as rooŌops, which shows very high potenƟal for solar energy generaƟon.

March 21st

Monterray Masterplan

The seasonal shading needs per facade orientaƟon can be determined based on the total daily solar radiaƟon values for each facade and the outdoor areas. For example, the south facades receives lower amounts of solar radiaƟon during summer months compared to spring, fall and winter. East and west facades need high amount of shading throughout the year due to the high amount of solar radiaƟon incident on these facades.

Solar RadiaƟ Project goalson Based on study of local climate and context, propose set off guidelines for building blocks and The images at the boƩom this page show total annual thermal solar exposure and the imagescomfort(daylighting) as well as low energy individual buildings toofachieve maximum and visual to the right show total daily solar exposure for March, June and December 21st (the use. equinox, summer solsƟce, and winter solsƟce, respecƟvely).

June 21st The total annual solar exposure shows potenƟal for renewable energy generaƟon such March 21st Guidelines known as “Performance requirements” guides courtyard dimensions, block depth, facade as solar photovoltaic or solar thermal, both on the rooŌops as well as on the building

Sunpath Diagrams

facades. The total annual solar exposure is close to 2000 W/m² on the unshaded shading and window ratio, green areas. horizontal surfaces such as rooŌops, which shows very high potenƟal for solar energy generaƟon.

ment of the sun throughout the varia�on with respect to the December 21st (the equinox, ummer months, the sun travels peak of the day, making shading ng are the best ways to achieve

March 21st

All Year

Solar Radiation Study

Sun Path December 21st

The seasonal shading needs per facade orientaƟ on 21st can be determined based on the June total daily 0solar200 radiaƟ on values each facade and1400 the outdoor areas.2000 For example, 400 600 for 800 1000 1200 1600 1800 kWh/m2 the south facades receives lower amounts of solar radiaƟon during summer months compared to spring, fall and winter. East and west facades need high amount of shading Southeast throughout the year due to the high amount of solar radiaƟon incident on these facades.

Massing

Annual Sun Path and Shading The images to the right track the varia�on in the movement of the sun throughout the year. The top images show the plan view with sun path varia�on with respect to the east-west axis and shadow ranges for March, June and December 21st (the equinox, summer sols�ce, and winter sols�ce, respec�vely). In summer months, the sun travels from east to west but mostly remains overhead at the peak of the day, making shading very difficult to achieve. Na�ve trees or operable shading are the best ways to achieve shading in the outdoor areas during this period.

The design approach has been to maximize shading of the courtyards and streets during spring, summer, and fall months.

December 21st

Southwest

June 21st

W

E

Proposed Masterplan, Downtown Monterrary Mexico November 2017

W

E

W

E

All Year

18

Transsolar KlimaEngineering 0 200 400 600

800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 kWh/m2

Sustainability Report Distrito Purísima Alameda, Monterrey, Mexico

Southeast Summer Sols�ce

Winter Sols�ce

Northwest

r e

Plan View

the courtyards and streets during

, Mexico

Su

Southwest

December 21st

Varia�on of solar al�tude angle over the year Transsolar KlimaEngineering

Su

Nov 2017

Transsolar NYC Professional work (team)

Morning 7 AM - 11 AM

Evening 4 PM - 8 PM

June 21st

In the coole

With Wind

December 21st

Baseline

s

their d be

Sun Hours

Without Wind

With Shading

hich

Percent Range with CondiƟoning Strategy Without Windof Hours in Comfort With Wind

Plants the le signi

With Mis�ng

Full Day 4 AM - 10 PM

Percent of Hours in Comfort Range with CondiƟoning Strategy

Baseline

r

Outdoor Space Typologies Thermal comfort can be improved outdoors without relying on crea�ng fully condi�oned spaces. This can be accomplished through strategies integrated into the built environment as part ofcan thebearchitectural expression of a building, ascrea� part of Thermal comfort improved outdoors without relying on ngthe fully landscaping, or as an ac� ve system.

These strategies include providing shading, eleva�into ng the condi� oned spaces.

This can be accomplished through strategies integrated airspeeds,built reducing surface temperatures, or reducing air temperatures with mis� environment as part of the architectural expression of a building, asng. part of the landscaping, or as an ac�ve system. These strategies include providing shading, eleva�ng Together these create microclimates thermal or comfort canair betemperatures greatly improved. airspeeds, reducing surface where temperatures, reducing with mis�ng.

It is important to provide a range of condi�ons so that people can choose what is most comfortable for them as climate condi� ons change over the day, the month, or the Together these create microclimates where thermalMarch comfort can be greatly improved.

21st season. It is important to provide a range of condi�ons so that people can choose what is most comfortable for them as climate condi�ons change over the day, the month, or the Evalua�ngseason. the impact of each of these strategies alone or combined can be done using The images on the right show the sun hours - total number of hours ofmetrics direct sunsuch as universal thermal comfort index (UTCI). UTCI represents thermal comfort exposure - at all points of the masterplan. The top images show the fullincorpora� day exposure, ng a variety inputsofsuch asofsolar radia� on, airalone speed,orsurface temperatures, Evalua� ng theofimpact each these strategies combined can be done using while the middle and lower images show morning (7 am to 11 am) and evening (4 pm to air temperature, metrics and suchhumidity. as universal thermal comfort index (UTCI). UTCI represents thermal comfort 8 pm) exposure, respec�vely. The sun exposure is analyzed during morning and evening incorpora�ng a variety of inputs such as solar radia�on, air speed, surface temperatures, hours to highlight the effec�veness of the mutual shading when people are most likely Calcula� ons a variety ofand situa� onsDay were completed using UTCI to represent thermal to use the outdoor spaces - before and a�er office hours. For the all-day sun hours air for temperature, humidity.

Full images, the areas closer to the blue spectrum are well shaded while the areas closer comfort.

The results are shown to the le� . The pie charts show the percent of hours 4 AM - 10 PM to the red spectrum show higher sun exposure. The outdoor areas closer to theeach red comfort range in rela�on to each comfort strategy. within Calcula�ons for a variety of situa�ons were completed using UTCI to represent thermal spectrum will require addi�onal shading such as na�ve trees or operable shading which can be deployed during summer months and taken away during winter months. comfort. The results are shown to the le�. The pie charts show the percent of hours The comfort calcula� wererange calculated foron thetosummer day�me, from 7:00 am to 8:00 within eachons comfort in rela� each comfort strategy. pm,courtyards using a period of June to September.

The north-south streets are well shaded for most of the year. Most of the receive less than 7-8 hours of sun even during peak of summer. The courtyards areThe comfort calcula�ons were calculated for the summer day�me, from 7:00 am to 8:00 especially well shaded during the morning and evening hours of the summer when their pm, using a period of June to September.

Conclusions use is expected to be high. These are all posi�ve aspects of the massing, and should be Without any improvement, very few hours throughout the summer can be considered maintained. comfortable.

Nearly 80% of hours of the summer experience strong or extreme heat Conclusions stress. Without any improvement, very few hours throughout the summer can be considered comfortable. Nearly 80% of hours of the summer experience strong or extreme heat Shading increases stress. comfortable number of hours signicantly (to around 10%), eliminates extreme heat stress, but only moderately reduces strong heat stress.

Shading increases comfortable number of hours signicantly (to around 10%), eliminates Mis�ng barely increases the number of moderately comfortablereduces hours, but eliminates extreme heat extreme heat stress, but only strong heat stress. stress and signicantly reduces the number of hours with strong heat stress (especially Morning with added wind).

7 AMthe - 11 AM of comfortable hours, but eliminates extreme heat Mis� ng barely increases number stress and signicantly reduces the number of hours with strong heat stress (especially The combina� of both mis�ng and shading eliminates both extreme and strong heat with on added wind). stress en�rely. Comfortable condi�ons are greatly increased (to nearly 30% of the year in the case with wind). on of both mis�ng and shading eliminates both extreme and strong heat The combina� stress en�rely. Comfortable condi�ons are greatly increased (to nearly 30% of the year in the case with wind).

With Shading

March 21st

re, m to ning ely

Outdoor comfort

Outdoor Comfort Outdoor Space Typologies June 21st Outdoor Comfort December 21st

With Mis�ng

SUN HOURS

0

1

2

4

5

6

November 2017

7

8

9

11

Evening 4 PM - 8 PM

20

12Transsolar 13 14 KlimaEngineering

Number of Hours per Day That Receive Direct Sunlight

Transsolar KlimaEngineering Transsolar KlimaEngineering

Sustainability Report Distrito Purísima Alameda, Monterrey, Mexico

With Mis�ng + Shading

Sustainability Report Distrito Purísima Alameda, Monterrey, Mexico

With Mis�ng + Shading

14

Sustainability Report Distrito Purísima Alameda, Monterrey, Mexico

Novem

Sustainability Report Distrito Purísima Alameda, Monterrey, Mexico November 2017

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Parametric simulation 45

45

15 10 5 0

35

35 Active Slab Cooling Active Slab Cooling

20

Radiant Floor Cooling Radiant Floor Cooling

Envelope Criteria

15

5 0

35

Peak Cooling (W/m²)

Peak Cooling (W/m²)

30 25 20 15 10 5 0

35 30

Hotel Hotel

Window to Wall Ratio

The study is carried out for three different shading depths with a shading cut-off angle of 18°, 34°, and 45° each for three different shading strategies - ver�cal ns only, horizontal overhangs only and a combina�on of horizontal and ver�cal shading. This is described in the isometric diagram below.

20

5 0

15

35 30 25 20

5

5

0

0

90% 90% Residential Residential

Parametric energy simulation was performed to determine the 18° optimum window wall ratio based on Peak Cooling

30” 30”

Space Space Energy/Cost Energy/Cost

supply supply

30” 30”

return return

16” 16”

Fan Horsepower: 3.1 kW FanAnnual Horsepower: kW$3840 Electric3.1 Cost: Annual Electric Cost: $3840

D1.5” D1.5”

45°

CHWS CHWR CHWS CHWR

Pump Horsepower: 0.3 kW Pump Horsepower: 0.3 kW Annual Electric Cost: $349 Annual Electric Cost: $349

Electricity required to transport 100,000 Btu/hr Electricity required to transport 100,000 Btu/hr

45° Radiant Floor Cooling Radiant Floor Cooling

15 10

June 21st

5

March 21st

Dec 21st

0 30% 30%

40

50% 70% 50% 70% Window to Wall Ratio Window to Wall Ratio

90% 90%

Transsolar KlimaEngineering

Office Office

Retail Retail

Radiant Panel Cooling Radiant Panel Cooling

35 30

Active Slab Cooling Active Slab Cooling

25 20

Radiant Floor Cooling Radiant Floor Cooling

10 5 0 30% 30%

40 East

40 35 30 25 20 15

50% 70% 50% 70% Window to Wall Ratio Window to Wall Ratio

90% 90%

50% 70% 50% 70% Window to Wall Ratio Window to Wall Ratio

90% 90%

Retail Retail

Radiant Panel Cooling Radiant Panel Cooling

35 30

Active Slab Cooling Active Slab Cooling

25 20

Radiant Floor Cooling Radiant Floor Cooling

15

West 10

10 5 0

Comparison between Hydronic systems and “Forced” Air systems Transsolar KlimaEngineering Sustainability Report Distrito Purísima Alameda, Monterrey, Mexico interms of Sustainability size of pipes/ducts and cost to Monterrey, meet equal Report Distrito Purísima Alameda, Mexico cooling load.

20

45

Peak Cooling (W/m²)

Hydronic Based Hydronic Based

Active Slab Cooling Active Slab Cooling

25

University University 45

34° Air Based Air Based

34°

15 South 15 10

50% 70% 50% 70% Window to Wall Ratio Window to Wall Ratio

30

North

40

10

30% 30%

Radiant Panel Cooling Radiant Panel Cooling

35

45

A target maximum of 2 kWh/m² of radia�on on any glazed area at any day of year is recommended to maximize poten�al for passive cooling and enable an efficient cooling-like radiant system. The op�mum shading solu�on for each facade is highlighted with a green circle.

Active Slab Cooling

This recommenda�on can be used as a star�ng point for each cri�cal facade orienta�on.

It should be noted that the shading cut-off angle is independent of scale, i.e. a deep overhang or micro-louvers between glazing panes have the same shading effec�veness Radiant Floor Cooling as long as their cut-off angle is the same.

Radiant Floor Cooling

40

Retail Retail 45

Radiant Panel Cooling Radiant Panel Cooling

Active Slab Cooling 25

20

10

The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of different shading strategies with varying depths for each specic facade orienta�on. The study is performed by analyzing total daily solar radia�on received by each major eleva�on at the equinox (March/September 21st), summer sols�ce (June 21st) 70% and winter sols�ce (December 21st) with clear 30% 50% 90% 30% sky condi�ons. 50% 70% 90% Window to Wall Ratio

45

40

25

15

10

Residen� Residen� al al 45 40

30

25

Peak Cooling (W/m²)

30

Peak Cooling (W/m²)

20

40

Peak Cooling (W/m²)

25

Radiant Panel Cooling Radiant Panel Cooling

Peak Cooling (W/m²)

Peak Cooling (W/m²)

30

40

Peak Cooling (W/m²)

creased glazing eased glazing peak cooling ak cooling design level esign level phasize the asize the goals. als.

35

Peak Cooling (W/m²)

and cooling is nd cooling is h an integrated n integrated aintain steady ntain steady eratures which atures which nt applica�ons applica�ons cooling). oling).

40

18°

Offi Offi ce45ce

Hotel Hotel 45

strategies. rategies. prac�ce rac�ce mart controls, t controls, llowing sec�on wing sec�on m choices. choices.

SHADING: CUT-OFF ANGLE

5 0 30% 30%

Sustainability Report Distrito Purísima Alameda, Monterrey, Mexico

November 2017 November 2017

University University

November 2017

27 27

28

Performance Requirements

Performance Requirements These Performance Requirements serve as the synthesis of the design drivers that were analyzed in order to achieve the sustainability goals for the Distrito Purisima Alameda (DPA).

Outdoor Comfort

Renewable Energy

Universal Thermal Comfort Index (UTCI), an outdoor comfort metric, can poten�ally be reduced by up to 10°C, when all of the outdoor comfort improvement measures men�oned here are implemented.

Shading from Na�ve Trees

50

40 Cooling can be done with Rooftop PV) for Residential and Office

30

20

10

Operable and Fixed Shades

The goals are the following: conserve our natural resources through low-impact energy and water use strategies, create deligh�ul spaces by designing for op�mal thermal and visual comfort, and design for passive survivability such that spaces con�nue to be habitable in the event of a power outage.

0 0

Facade

4

6 8 Number of Floors

10

12

Water

Shallow xed horizontal overhangs on north and south facade and operable horizontal louvers on east and west facades are required for sun control.

Rain Pervious Gardens Pavement

Operable Louvers on East and West

The courtyard and street propor�ons are recommended to op�mize daylight, views and air movement in the DPA. Although the street widths are xed, care has been taken to maintain view to the sky as much as possible.

2

The current CUS poten�ally enables all cooling electricity to be collected via roo�op photovoltaics (PVs) for office and residen�al buildings.

Water Features for Evapora�ve Cooling

The performance requirements have been considered on a masterplan level, with analysis performed at a macro-scale. As development of the DPA con�nues, more specically during the design of individual buildings, it is cri�cal that these topics be revisited with more detailed analysis at the building scale.

Massing

60

Green infrastructure, as opposed to grey infrastructure, should be installed throughout the masterplan to collect rainwater and return water to the aquifer. This includes space alloca�on for rainwater collec�on from hardscapes and the use of rain gardens and pervious pavement where possible.

Horizontal Overhangs for North and South

Daylight

Energy Synergy

Green Area RaƟo

The benets and disadvantages of centralized vs. decentralized systems should be assessed on a block-by-block level

H

Daylight rule of thumb: The daylight penetra�on is twice the length of the window head-height.

Building depths should be designed to op�mize daylight access in all spaces.

Transsolar KlimaEngineering

C

H

C

H

C

Decentralized System

H

Green Area Ra�o (GAR): It is the ra�o of ‘area of vegeta�on on the built form’ vs. ‘the area of the building site/plot’. A minimum GAR of 1.25 is recommended, which means the building should incorporate 25% more vegeta�on area in the built form compared to the plot area where the building stands.

C

Centralized System Sustainability Report Distrito Purísima Alameda, Monterrey, Mexico

November 2017

34

Countway Medical Library A Daylighting Projcct

Group Project

Exterior of library basement windows with wooden shutters

location Basement, Open Planned Room- South Countway Medical Library, Longwood Medical Area Boston, MA

Study alcoves Book Stacks

Countway Medical Library

daylighting issues in the basement Study alcoves in the south side basement has glare To prevent glare shutters used, which decreases daylight.

design objectives 01| Elimainate the glare without blocking or reducing the daylight in the study alcoves.

Study alcove in the basement showing glare due to direct sunlight

Study alcove showing wooden shutters with sunlight on the working surface

02| Maximize daylight penetration into the interior of the basement where the book stacks are at.

Fall 2016 SCI-6479: Daylighting Asst. Prof. H. Samuelson

glare-in-the-eye analysis

Each ray representing the times of the year when Glare or sunlight in the eye for a person seated in the specific location

A sunpath diagram showing the sun positions when direct sunlight hits the eye of a seated person.

Sun angles, for those times of the year where there is glare to the seated person on the alcove.

Backward ray tracing using a grasshopper plugin “Lady Bug� was used to map the glare-in the-eye moments for all possible seating positions.

daylight reflector % Occupied hours

0 17 33 50 67 83

0°

10°

15°

20°

100 Overlit Areas (Potential for glare)

Baseline Conditions, DA Daylight Availability (300lux)=23%

Highly reflective ceiling, reflectors at 15°, DA(300lux)= 37%

Exterior reflector angled at 15°

Exterior Daylight reflector angled at 20° for deeper daylight penetration Highly reflective ceiling, reflectors at 20°, DA(300lux)= 37%

The Daylight reflector functions similar to a light shelf by bounces daylight off the ceiling.

Daylighting Analysis using DIVA plugin for Rhino 3D

The reflector can be incorporated as part of the landscape

greenhouse glare solution

Greenhouse with translucent glazing to eliminate glare

Existing condition when there is intolerable glare

illustration of glare rays blocked by the greenhouse

Glare analysis with greenhouse added resulting in imperceptible glare

% Occupied hours

0 17

Daylight Glare Probability (DGP) analysis was run using DIVA to check for glare for existing condition and after proposed addition of the greenhouse.

33 50 67 83

why the green house?

A garden was already being planned for the outdoor space just outside the basement windows.

Therefore a green house was a dual use solution both as a garden and to block glare

100 Overlit Areas (Potential for glare)

combined solution| greenhouse+reflector Green house has translucent glazing on the top and south side to block/eliminate glare

Combined solution of Greenhouse+ Daylight reflector. DA=24%

angled daylight reflector used to maximize daylight penetration and makeup for the reduced daylight due to the addition of greenhouse.

Net- Zero Visitor Center

Joshua Tree National Park Group Project

climate analysis

design concepts

Location Close to Twentynine Palms, CA climate Sub-Tropical Desert Climate

minimal impact With an intention to have minimal human impact, the site of a national park was chosen The Idea was to maintain Minimal Visual impact hench the building was to be partially burried underground and visible from only one side

Termpreratue (째C)

zero energy comfort Range PMV

Because the site is ecologically fragile and is almost free of human impacts, goal was to aim for a Net Zero Energy design

Typical To Deserty Climates, there is large Diurnal temperature swings.

째C 44<= 40 34 30 25 25 16 11 7 2 <=-2

째C 44<= 40 34 30 25 25 16 11 7 2 <=-2

Annual Temperature Chart showing the hours within Comfort range PMV model (18-26째C)

Natural Ventilation Viable for 36% of the Year

Fall 2016 SCI-6470: Energy Simulation Asst. Prof. H. Samuelson

massing studies

EUI

EUI 144kWh/m

2

139kWh/m2

Lens Shape

Long rectangle

Courtyard Rectangle

Starting EUI

Natural Ventilation

Earth Berm SouthFacade

144

139

150

163

164

216

183

182

230

186

185

233

kWh/m2

Lens

Lighting/Dimming controls

conclusion from massing study

EUI 150kWh/m

2

Courtyard

Earth berming on the south is extremely effective as it reduces solar heat gain and acts as a heat sink.

A long and Thin shape along E-W axis performs well due to more daylight and contact with ground

lens shaped massing chosen

EUI Energy use intensity

It has better architectural massing yet performs similar to long rectangle sloped Arc shape better for Solar PV, crucial in achieving Net Zero energy.

Earth Berm on South

Natural Ventilation Medium weight Moderate insulation.

Window wall ratio = 30%

Material Upgrades 100mm Concrete floor R-60 Concrete wall Uninsulated Below grade wall Super-insulated roof LoE Ar double glazing

starting eui

office

baseline

Energy Star Score = 75

Lighting Lighting Controls LEDs Passive Cooling Earth Berm on East+ West 1.5m Shading

HVAC system Economizer Mode Heat recovery Ground source heat pump Architecture program Building program modified from Office to visitor center

195 186 183 163 144 114 111 91 74 63

EUI kWh/m Energy use intensity

2

Net Zero

+ PV

Path to Net-Zero Energy

Solar Photo Voltaic (PV) Roof 250m2 roof PV array 40kW system 30% of the roof Annual Demand: 65,350 kWh/m2 System Output: 71,803 kWh/m2

architectural illustrations

Office Entry

Book Shop

Lobby

Cafe Kitchen

Reception Exhibition Restrooms

Mechanical

Classroom

studies Radiative night cooling Radiative cooling methods such as roof pond was explored.The result from the study is not included in the energy simulation

evaporative cooling tower Cooling Tower

Outgoing Radiation from the Roof Calculated using

Stefan-Bolzmann Law

Incoming Radiation from sky Calculated using

°C 40

Swinbank Formula

37 34 31 28 25 22 19 16 13 <=10

°C

Net Outgoing Radiation

91.66 W/m2

40 37 34

at Night with clear skies

31 28 25 22 19

Example scenario :Aug 9-10 Night

16

Cooling Potential= 760kW (assuming efficiency of roof pond is 20%)

<=10

Cooling Demand = 61kW

Radiatinve Night cooling can more than meet the cooling demand ,eliminating need of active cooling systems

13

Reduction of extreme daytime temperatures due to Evaporative cooling Tower without using any active cooling sytems

Adaptive Comfort (ASHRAE 2010) Without Evaporative Cooling Tower

18%

With Evaporative Cooling Tower

58%

Cross-Section of Visitor Center with Earth Berming on South side

View from Interior

Visitor Center blending into the landscape

Aloft Counterproposal Group Project

Project Explored how might changes to the way this Hotel was built and Operates could have improved both its environmental imapct and Financial returns

STRATEGY: FOUR PRONGED APPROACH 01| DESIGN Rethinking Guestroom and Common spaces to be more efficient and functional

02| MATERIALS Reduction of embodied energy and global warming potential( Carbon Footprint) of Materials used.

03| OPERATIONS Reduction of consumption of Water, Electricity and natural gas

04| CHANGE OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR Encourage reduction of resources by changing consumer behavior through incentive system

Aloft Hotel(existing) Existing Hotel Information Location: 401-403 D St. Boston Seaport Innovation District Operations: Opened Feb 2016 No: of Room: 330 No: of Floors: 13 Area: 213,000 GSF LEED Rating: Silver

Spring 2016 SES 5370: Economics, Environment & Enterprise Asst. Prof. H. Samuelson & F. Apeseche

01| DESIGN Efficient Planning of Individual rooms led to reduction of room size by 20%.

Lobby/common areas increased to allow greater socialization Existing

Proposed

Proposed Double Height longue created from the extra space

Existing

Proposed Single Bed

Double Bed

02| MATERIALS The counterproposal for the Aloft Hotel uses a cross-laminated timber structural system, a structural wood system . It consists of several layers of lumber stacked crosswise and glued together. The cross-laminations give this structural system dimensional stability and high strength and stiffness, providing twoway action capabilitieslike that of a reinforced concrete slab The change of structural system from concrete and steel to cross-laminated timber also significantly reduces the environmental impact of the building, thanks in part to the carbonsequestering nature of timber.

Reinforced Concrete,Curtain wall, Area: 213,000 GSF Construction Cost Cost per SF: $422 Total: $89,886,000

Counter-proposed System Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) Area: 201,823 GSF Construction Cost Cost per SF: $452 Total: $86,961,883

RESULTS

26% Reduction of Global Warming Potential (CO2 EQ.) 19% Reduction of Total Primary (Non-Operational) Energy

kg CO2 eq

Existing Construction System

Cross laminated timber also allows the advantage of leaving the surface exposed reducing the need of wall finishing material.

03| OPERATIONS CHP Combined Heat & Power Combined heat and power systems (CHP), also known as cogeneration is generation of electricity and useful thermal in a single integrated system. In conventional systems/ approach , Electricity is purchased from the grid and for thermal energy fuels such as natural gas is purchased to run boilers.

In CHP, Electricity is generated onsite using fuels and the resulting heat is put to use for thermal needs. This combined approach results in large savings as well as less emissions.

without CHP

with CHP

For a CHP system to be feasible there has to be a constant and sizable thermal energy demands. The Load profile of a Hotel fits the bill. This is because Hotels have year round high thermal energy demands due to the high domestic hot water requirements on top of the usual space heating requirements.

Suitable for Hotels due to constant high demand for thermal energy, mainly Domestic Hot Water without CHP

Fuel Use

with CHP

04| CHANGE OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR THE ALOFT APP Incentivising Consumption

Reduction What is the Aloft App? A Visual Feedback System designed for guests.

Awards Incentives for reducting consumption.

Water, electricity monitor System comprises wireless monitoring devices/ sensors and submeters cloud connected to a membership account accessed by the app.

Incentives Examples Free Drinks Room Upgrades Free Cab ride to the Airport

financial analysis

This Point-based system y reduces consumption.

Also encourages repeat bussiness by incentevising guests to stick to the same hotel brand due to acccumulation of points.

economic analysis (15yr Proforma) base case

proposed case

purchase assumption Number of Units Purchase price per SF Total Built up Area: Closing/ Financing Cost Mortgage Debt (% of Investemnt) Total Aggregate Purchase Investment Total Debt Total Equity

330 $422 213,000 SF 1.00% 69.00% $89,886,000 $62,000,000 $27,886,000

346 $433 201,823 SF 1.00% 69.00% $87,421,883 $62,000,000 $27,886,000

Revenue & expense assumptions Nightly Gross Rev Per Unit Vacancy as % Gross Rev (3yr stabilization) Maintenance Reserve Net Annual Revenue per Room Annual Net Rev for Property Annual Utilities Fees ( Energy+Water)

Energy

Water Annual Management Fees(% of net rev)

IRR 15yr

(internal Rate of Return)

$350 19.00% 2.00% $127,750 $42,157,500 $258,881 $216,485 $42,396 60.00%

11.5%

Decrease of Annual Utility Costs by the proposed case

$335 19.00% 2.00% $122,275 $42,307,150 $194,424 $160,876 $33,548 60.00%

11.8%

25%

in

growth rates Gross Revenue Local Taxes Utilities

3.00% 5.00% 3.00%

sale Cap Rate based on yr 15 NOI Cost Associated with Sales

10.00% 2.00%

other assumptions Annual Amortization Debt Annual Dollar Amt. Debt Amortization Interest On Outsthandg Debt Balance St. Line Depretiation of Property St. Line Depreciation of CapEx Additional Annual CapEX per unit Effective Tax Rate Cap Gains Tax rate on Sale

25.00% $15,500 15.00% 30yrs 7yrs $1,000 27.00% 20.00%