DOCUMENTATION OF KANPUR CENTRAL RAILWAY STATION UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA
BY: AVANTIKA CHAUHAN SHREYASH GUPTA APOORVA PRAKASH
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06. NATIONAL CASE STUDY
IMPORTANT CITY NODES The important city nodes in the immediate vicinity have been highlighted such as the Anwarganj station, the Jhakarkkati Bus Terminal and the CBD of the area.
• Permissible FAR: 1 • FAR Achieved: 0.25 • Ground coverage: 22%
EXISTING MASTER PLAN • Total Site Area – 46 Acre/189160 Sqm
Built-up Space – 17024 Sqm/ 4.2 Acre
Semi-Open Space – 26480 Sqm
PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION
The graphic above highlights the pedestrian movement across the site whereby the connecting paths have been highlighted.
15. MASTER PLAN
Open Space – 145653 Sqm
CONNECTING NODES The connecting pathways of the different important city nodes have been highlighted which links the station to the important areas.
CONTEXT
VEHICULAR CIRCULATION The graphic above highlights the vehicular movement across the site whereby the entire vehicular movement has been highlighted.
Police Chowki
Hospital
Temples/Mosques
Commercial outlets/Shops
Over head tank
Hotels
ENTRY AND EXIT REGULATION
It is clearly evident from the pictures that the entry gates face major congestion due to the presence of vendors, IPT options, and pedestrian and vehicular traffic. The absence of any segregation at the entry-exit nodes hinders the entire movement and circulation.
ACCORDING TO BYLAWS As per section 4.5.4.1 of the Manual for standards and specifications for railway station volume 1: The station entrance shall have clear and direct access to the surrounding pedestrian network and be clearly visible and identifiable within the surrounding urban context. Entrances shall not be negatively influenced by adjacent pedestrian flows, activities, or events unrelated to the station.
PROPOSAL • The proposal for the station, keeping in mind the congestion at the entry points is for its regularisation by providing designated bus stop, to reduce the congestion, along with creating specified drop-off and pick-up zones for the different transit modes available at the site. • Further segregation between the vehicular and pedestrian traffic at the entry points will also enable to efficiently handle the movement and circulation within and around the site. • This in turn will also help to reduce the congestion on the main road and will stabilize the conflicting points.
PEDESTRIAN CONCENTRATION
TOTAL PASSENGER CAR UNITS (PCU)
The graphic presented above has been taken from the Comprehensive Mobility plan of Kanpur, wherein it shows the total pedestrian concentrations during peak hours and the entire day for different locations. Ghantaghar has the secondhighest pedestrian concentration of 1,58,528 during the entire day and 3,420 during peak hours.
The graphic presented above has been taken from the Comprehensive Mobility plan of Kanpur, wherein it shows the maximum passenger car units across different locations of the city. Ghantaghar has the highest concentration of car units of 90,000 cars, during peak hours.
16. MASTER PLAN
CONFLICTING POINTS The map finally highlights the conflicting points at the main entries of site which happens due to the presence he various ipt modes and the heavy traffic that hinders circulation and creates congestion at the entry points.
MLCP AND TOILETS
ACCORDING TO BYLAWS As per section 4.2.3.2 of the Manual for standards and specifications for railway station volume 1 as well as section 5.1 of the NTOD Policy Manual of IRSDC, there should be no parking spaces in front of the main building. However, in the case of Kanpur Central, parking spaces are provided in front of the main station building. At present 330 parking spaces are provided at Kanpur Central which is insufficient to cater to the needs of the commuters and leads to illegally parked vehicles causing encroachment on the road. As per section 2.4.2 of the Manual for standards and specifications for railway station volume 1, there should be a minimization of customer travel distances. The station must be provided with all the necessary as well as desirable amenities for the customer/passenger such as public toilets, water points, restrooms, etc. Proposed Toilet Positions
Existing Toilet Positions
PROPOSAL 1. • • • • •
PARKING AREAS
Surface Parking
The parking areas are provided at various locations within and around the station premises have been marked here on the map. Various locations for open surface parking are provided without any regulation.
17. MASTER PLAN
SURVEY ANALYSIS The survey conducted at The Kanpur Central has given the above-shown results where 65 % of the commuters have complained about the convenience in accessing the toilets provided at the platforms, where female toilets have also not been provided.
MLCP Proposed ECS: 750 car spaces Ground floor area: 3,500 sqm Total Built-up area: 24,500 sqm No. of floors: 7 Height achieved: 24 metres
2. Toilets at each platform
Total toilets at platforms:
• • • • • • •
• • • • • • •
Male Urinals: 4 Female Urinals: 2 Male WC: 4 Female WC: 2 Disabled: 1 Washbasins in Male toilets: 4 Washbasins in Female toilets: 2
Male Urinals: 24 Female Urinals: 12 Male WC: 24 Female WC: 12 Disabled: 6 Washbasins in Male toilets: 24 Washbasins in Female toilets: 12
PUBLIC-OPEN SPACE AND GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT
As is evident from the pictures, the space in front of the main station building lacks any public open space and is completely hardscaped resulting in an increased heat island effect.
ACCORDING TO BYLAWS • As per the Environment Management Guidelines for station Redevelopment, as per which a minimum of one tree for every 80 sq m of land should be planted and maintained. • Also, as per section 3.1 of the NTOD Policy manual IRSDC, it is necessary to Plan a public space immediately outside the main Station building as a pedestrian/cycle only zone. The presence of such spaces also at the same time enhances the entire appeal and public realm of the area. • However, against the NTOD policy guidelines, presently Kanpur central does not have public open space provision in front of the main buildings on both sides.
BUILT-OPEN RATIO
CITY SIDE
Built Spaces Semi Open Spaces
Open Spaces
• Total Site Area – 46 Acre • Built-up Space –4.2 Acre • Semi Open Space – 26480 Sqm • Open Space – 145653 Sqm
OPEN SPACES WITHIN THE STATION
The graphic presented above highlights the presence of different open spaces located at different sections of the station. Although enough of the green patches can be seen, however these green areas are not well maintained and used.
18. MASTER PLAN
OPEN- BUILT RELATIONSHIP
PROPOSAL
CANTT SIDE
The graphic presented above highlights the open to built relationship of the site which has also been supported by the pie chart given adjacent to it. These graphics clearly states that a total of 77% of the total site area has been allocated to open spaces whereas, 14 % is for semi open and 9 % is for built spaces.
1.
The area proposed for the development of public open space on Cantt-side and Cityside: 600 sqm and 1000 sqm respectively
2.
Development of green-belt along the median of the vehicular access roads.
NEW STATION BUILDING AT CITY SIDE
It is evident from the pictures that the concourse area on the city side just has one single building space that houses the ticketing and the waiting area along with a few shops and kiosks. Thus all the other important amenities happen to be missing on this side.
ACCORDING TO BYLAWS As per section 4.5.4.3 of the manual for standards and specifications of railway station volume 1: • Concourse will be the main congregation space for the station. • Hence, the concourse area will be contiguous with all main entry gates and contain the following functions; a) access to all platforms b) unreserved waiting areas c) reserved waiting areas d) lounges e) toilets f) cloakroom (luggage storage) g) concessions (food shops, convenience retail shops) h) mor managed food shops (unreserved waiting areas) i) tvm’s j) atm’s m) public security stations, Etc.
SURVEY ANALYSIS
S.No. From which side did you enter to the Kanpur Central railway station? Cantt Side City Side
The Pie Chart Shows That Almost The Same Share Of The Passengers Also Access The Station From The City Side As That Of The Cantt Side, However, The City Side Building Lacks Those Essential Amenities Which Are Present On The Cantt Side.
19. MASTER PLAN
PROPOSAL
EXISTING AREA
1. 2.
Category Waiting area Ticketing office (8 windows)
Areas 615 sqm 125 sqm
3.
Toilets
60 sqm
4.
Refreshment kiosk
18 sqm
The existing area for the city side station is 820 sqm and the area only has very few essential amenities available.
S.No. Category
Areas
S.No.
Category
Areas
1.
Unreserved Waiting area 350 sqm(250 sqm+ 75 (Seating + Kiosk + ATM) sqm+ 20 sqm)
5.
Toilets
45 sqm
2.
Reserved waiting area + Toilet
6.
Ticketing office
125 sqm
100 sqm (65 sqm+ 15 sqm+ 20 sqm)
7.
Food court (Kitchen+ Dining area+ Store+ Packaging area+ washroom)
200 sqm ( 35 sqm+ 120 sqm+ 18 sqm+ 20 sqm+ 6 sqm)
40 sqm
8.
Total area proposed
970 sqm + 300 sqm (30% circulation area)
3.
4.
Ladies Waiting room (Seating+ baby feeding room+ Toilet)
Cloakroom
85 sqm+25 sqm
The proposed area for the city side building is 1270 sqm and has access to all the other important amenities which should be present in the concourse area and thereby will enhance the overall passenger comfort.
PLATFORMS, FOOT OVER BRIDGES AND SUBWAYS
ACCORDING TO BYLAWS The designer shall focus on customer service including, but not limited to the following: 1. Minimizing travel distance between the station entrance and the train 2. Providing assisted locomotion (i.e., elevators, escalators, moving walkways, equipment for the physically challenged, e.g., wheelchairs) 3. Providing a clear and logical customer circulation system 4. Minimizing turns in the path of travel 5. Minimizing pedestrian conflicts and cross-flows
• Further, as per the Comptroller and Auditor General of India report, The present number of platforms is insufficient to handle the traffic of trains having 24 or more coaches. At present only 5 out of the presently available 10 platforms can cater to the needs of train traffic having more than 24 coaches.
PROPOSAL How convenient is it for you to commute to your desired platform from the main entrance of the Cantt side?
Highly efficient
Proposal for an increase in Foot Over Bridge:
Satisfactory
The two foot-over bridges present will be extended beyond the proposed city side station building.
Time consuming
DETENTION IN TRAINS The table taken from the Comptroller and Auditor General report shows the average detention of the trains passing through the station due to several reasons.
20. MASTER PLAN
Present dimensions of Foot Over Bridge: Length: 114 m breadth: 6 m Height: 3.6 m
SURVEY ANALYSIS About 58 % of the commuters from the Cantt side said that they find it time-consuming to access their platforms from the main entrance which is because of the absence of FOB or subway access from outside the building. so we propose an extension of FOB and subways.
Present Dimensions of Sub-way: • Length: 110 m • Breadth: 6m • Height: 3.6 m Proposals for an increase in Subways are: The subways will also be increased further beyond the proposed city side building and one of the two will be extended beyod the cant side building
ACTIVE FRONTAGE
It is clearly evident from the pictures provided above that the side of the station that lies on Jaipuria Road is highly inactive and lacks active frontage.
ACCORDING TO BYLAWS As per section 2.8.2 of the Manual for standards and specifications for railway station volume 1, there should be other important amenities as well such as the food court, ATM, cyber cafes, medical facilities and other stalls as well in the station complex other than the concourse areas of the station. As per section 2.3 of the NTOD policy manual IRSDC: High Frontage
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TRAFFIC MOVEMENT
Very High Traffic
• To ensure the Station Area creates value for all uses and convenience and safety for all users. • To ensure building frontages get direct access from the street and maximum visibility to enhance value in order to create safer public environments. • Design buildings with maximum of 1.0M setbacks and active frontages to maximize visibility and proximity to primary lines of movement.
Low Frontage
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High Traffic
Low Traffic
The graphic presented above highlights the present conditions of traffic movement around the station precinct where all the major surpassing roads face heavy traffic movement during peak hours of the day creating congestion.
21. MASTER PLAN
Medium Frontage
ACTIVE ZONES The active zone map of the site highlights the major active zones around the site from which it can be analysed that the section of the station area near the Jaipuria road has the least activity induced in it.
PROPOSAL
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1. Total span of the stretch proposed for the development of active frontage is: 432 metres long 2. Activities included: Retail outlets, Food Court,ATM and medical facilities
MIXED-USE COMPLEX ACCORDING TO BYLAWS As per the section 2.2 of the NTOD policy manual IRSDC: It is necessary To ensure the retail provision within the Station Area caters to three distinct users groups: 1. Daily Commuter 2. Inter-city / Passenger in Transit / Tourist 3. Locals Plan retail provision for different user groups as: • Commuter: Grocery, Quick Meals, First Aid, Amenities/facilities • Inter-city / Passenger in Transit / Tourist: Grocery, Quick Meals, First Aid , restaurants / canteens, sleeping pods, hotels, shopping malls etc. • Locals: Grocery, Amenities/facilities, restaurants /canteens, shopping, work etc. As per section 2.8.2 of the Manual for specifications and standards for railway station volume 1 Passenger Utilities should include: a) Communication systems operation and maintenance. b) Cloak room management c) Operation and Maintenance of Pay & use toilets/showers d) Provision of Cyber Cafes/ATMs e) Book stalls and miscellaneous stalls in commercial areas of the station other than those in the passengers concourse f) Food Courts, Catering stalls, other than those in the platforms/passenger concourse. g) Waiting room (free) h) Paid Lounges i) Escalator/lift upkeep and operation j) Supply and distribution of potable and non potable water including operation and maintenance of pumping installations, excluding bottled water. k) Emergency medical care facilities. High Frontage
Medium Frontage
VERTICAL STACKING
Low Frontage
P o lice Cho wki
PROPOSAL
Ho sp ital T emp les / Mo sq ues Ho tels Co mme r c i al o utlets / Sho p s Over head tank
ACTIVE ZONES WITHIN THE SITE The zone of the site that has the least activity and frontage has been chosen as the desired location for the mixed-use building in order to increase the activity and liveliness of the area.
23. MASTER PLAN
CONTEXT The context map clearly gives an idea of the station precinct through which we can analyze that the station only has access to hotels and restaurants in its immediate context and no other facilities are provided to increase user activity.
Area of one floor- 260 sq m Occupancy of retail floor- 44 Total retail occupancy- 90 persons Studio unit – 35.25 sqm Office space – 4025 sqm Retail space – 220 – 250 sqm Hospitality – 4850 – 5000 sqm