Ekaya Banaras - Cultural & Commercial Center, Varanasi, U.P. by Shriyansh Jain

THESIS REPORT Year: 2020-21 Batch No. 18

EKAYA BANARAS Cultural & Commercial Center, Varanasi.

Undertaken by: SHRIYANSH JAIN Enrollment No.: 16E1AAARM40P117 V Year B.Arch. (C)

Prof. ANKIT KASHMIRI GUPTA

Prof. ARCHANA SINGH

GUIDE

COORDINATOR

Aayojan School of Architecture ISI-4, RIICO Institutional Block, Sitapura, Jaipur-302022

APPROVAL The thesis titled “Ekaya Banaras – Cultural & Commercial Center, Varanasi, U.P.” is hereby approved as an original work of Shriyansh Jain, enrolment no. 16E1AAARM40P117 on the approved subject carried out and presented in a manner satisfactory to warrant its acceptance as per the standard laid down by the university. This report has been submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Architecture degree from Rajasthan Technical University, Kota.

It is to be understood that the undersigned does not necessarily endorse or approve any statement made, any opinion expressed, or conclusion drawn therein, but approves the study only for the purpose it has been submitted. 06.06.2021 Jaipur

Prof. K.S. MAHAJANI EXTERNAL EXAMINER 1

PRINCIPAL

Prof. ARCHANA SINGH EXTERNAL EXAMINER 2

COORDINATOR

DECLARATION I, Shriyansh Jain, hereby solemnly declare that the thesis undertaken by me, titled “Ekaya Banaras – Cultural & Commercial Center, Varanasi, U.P.” is my original work and wherever I have incorporated any information in the form of photographs, text, data, maps, drawings, etc. from different sources, has been duly acknowledged in my report. This thesis has been completed under the supervision of the guide allotted to me by the school. Further, whenever and wherever my work shall be presented or published it will be jointly authored with my guide.

Shriyansh Jain V Year B.Arch. (C) Aayojan School of Architecture, Jaipur

CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis titled, Ekaya Banaras – Cultural & Commercial Center is a bonafide work by Shriyansh Jain of Aayojan School of Architecture, Jaipur. This thesis has been completed under my guidance and supervision satisfactorily. This report has been submitted in partial fulfillment of the award of Bachelor of Architecture degree from Rajasthan Technical University, Kota. This thesis fulfills the requirements relating to nature and standards laid down by the Rajasthan Technical University.

Prof. Ankit Kashmiri Gupta Guide Aayojan School of Architecture, Jaipur

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, I praise God, the almighty, merciful and passionate, for providing me with this opportunity and granting me the capability to proceed successfully. This project appears in its current form due to the assistance and guidance of several people. I would like to express my gratitude to all of them. I would like to express my deep sincere gratitude to my research guide, Prof. Ankit Kashmiri Gupta, for allowing me to conduct this research and providing invaluable guidance throughout this research. It was a great privilege and honor to work and study under his guidance. I would like to thank Prof. Kiran S. Mahajani, Principal and Director, Aayojan School of Architecture, Jaipur, Prof. N.S. Rathore, Dean of Academics & Prof. Archana Singh, Dissertation Coordinator of Aayojan School of Architecture, Jaipur, for their constant support and guidance. Finally, my heartfelt gratitude goes to my dad Architect Dharmendra Jain, my mom Vandana Jain for supporting me all these five years of Architecture peacefully, and my dear flatmates and all my Aayojanite friends for their intellectual and emotional support during this study.

Shriyansh Jain V Year B.Arch. (c) Aayojan School of Architecture, Jaipur

iii

ABSTRACT Varanasi is one of the oldest living cities in the world-famous for its production of silks and brocades with gold and silver threadwork of northern India for several thousand years and is closely associated with the river Ganges. “Ekaya Banaras – Cultural & Commercial Center, Varanasi” is undertaken to establish the need to set up a cultural and commercial center in Varanasi due to the maximum number of citizens involved in manufacturing, trade, and commerce. Establishing a local center for trade and exhibition of local products would make all kinds of locally made specialties readily available to the buyers. The spatial programs have been subdivided into a museum, auditorium, retail shops, offices, skill development center, exhibition area to house the local demands and amenities focused on providing an integrated platform for the promotion of handloom, handicrafts, and carpet sector of Varanasi. The center would provide resources to meet the needs of individuals and groups for exploration of new techniques and enhancement of skills in the manufacturing of products. The project objective revolves around promotion and enhancement of rich traditions of the city along with the provision of a platform to showcase the same, linking handloom & handicrafts products’ promotion with domestic & international tourism, trade facilitation, export, and one-stop-shop to domestic enterprise and foreign buyers as well as to create a building which could be a landmark in the city/state to attract tourists and local visitors. The design objectives have their prime focus on providing different ambiances and spatial environments to maintain the mixed-use objective of the building such as exhibiting, selling, shopping, and recreational activities within a single roof. It also includes creating spaces, indoor and outdoor that would impact by making a memorable experience. Along with these aspects, the design would also formulate spaces that would be connected and yet would be distinct.

CONTENTS Approval

Declaration

Certificate

Acknowledgement

iii

Abstract

iv-v

Contents

v-vi

List of figures

vii-viii

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1

Criteria of selection

1.2

Aim

1.3

Need of the project

1.4

Project Proposition

1.5

City Context

1.6

Site Context

1.7

Project Brief

1.8

SWOT Analysis

1-13

CHAPTER 2: PRE-DESIGN STUDIES 2.1

14-34

Pre-Design aspects for study 2.1.1 Site Context 2.1.2 Integration of Daylight 2.1.3 Programme zoning 2.1.4 Programme requirement 2.1.5 Circulation 2.1.6 Built-open integration

2.2

Analysis of Case Studies

2.3

Case Study 2.3.1 Mahatma Mandir Convention Center, Gandhinagar 2.3.2 Jaipur Exhibition & Convention Center, Jaipur 2.3.3 Delhi Haat, INA, New Delhi v

CHAPTER 3: CONCEPT & DESIGN PROPOSAL 3.1

Concept

3.2

Design Development

3.3

Design Proposal

35-49

CHAPTER 4: DESIGN ELECTIVE (URBAN DESIGN)

50-62

CHAPTER 5: TECHNOLOGY ELECTIVE (MECHANICAL SERVICES)

63-95

Glossary

ix-x

Bibliography

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Understanding MICE. ..................................................................................................... 2 Figure 2: Map of India Showing emerging MICE destinations. ............................................... 3 Figure 3: Tourist data for Varanasi, 2015 ..................................................................................... 4 Figure 6: Map showing Contextual location of Uttar Pradesh with Varanasi ....................... 5 Figure 4: View of Ghats on banks of river Ganga ..................................................................... 5 Figure 5: View of temples and Ghats of Varanasi. ................................................................... 5 Figure 7: Land use Map (Varanasi Development Authority)................................................... 5 Figure 8: Tourists inflow in Varanasi in year 2015 ........................................................................ 6 Figure 9: Nearby Hotel study which cater MICE groups in Varanasi city. ............................. 7 Figure 10: Satellite image of Proposed site at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh ............................... 8 Figure 11: Map showing connectivity with nearby structures and landmarks ..................... 8 Figure 12: Climatic Data for Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh ............................................................... 9 Figure 13: Logo of the proposed building. ............................................................................... 10 Figure 14: Concept Diagram ..................................................................................................... 14 Figure 15: Distribution of Spaces ................................................................................................ 14 Figure 16: Mahatma Mandir Convention Center ................................................................... 17 Figure 17: Location map of Center .......................................................................................... 17 Figure 18: Map showing Contextual location of Gujarat state with Gandhinagar District ........................................................................................................................................................ 17 Figure 19: Convention hall stage at Mahatma Mandir Convention Center ...................... 19 Figure 20: Convention Hall at Mahatma Mandir Convention Center ................................. 19 Figure 21: First Floor map of MMCC. ......................................................................................... 19 Figure 22: Ground Floor map of Mahatma Mandir Convention Center ............................. 19 Figure 23: Area Programming at Mahatma Mandir Convention Center ........................... 20 Figure 24: Site Map of Mahatma Mandir Convention Center, Gandhinagar ................... 21 Figure 26: Satellite Image of Mahatma Mandir Convention Center ................................... 22 Figure 25: Open v/s Built Ratio at Mahatma Mandir Convention Center .......................... 22 Figure 27: Site Map of Jaipur Exhibition & Convention Center, Jaipur ................................ 23 Figure 28: Map showing Open v/s Built Ratio of Jaipur Exhibition & Convention Center, Jaipur ............................................................................................................................................. 24 Figure 32: Ground Floor Map of JECC, Jaipur ......................................................................... 25 Figure 29: View of JECC Convention Entry. ............................................................................. 25 Figure 30: View of Exhibition Center entrance. ....................................................................... 25 Figure 31: First Floor Map of JECC, Jaipur ................................................................................. 25 Figure 33: Map of Hall 1 at JECC, Jaipur .................................................................................. 26 Figure 34: Map of Hall 2 at JECC, Jaipur .................................................................................. 26 Figure 35: View of JECC, Jaipur ................................................................................................. 27 vii

Figure 36: Typical floor Plan of Hotel at JECC, Jaipur ............................................................. 27 Figure 37: Location mapping around the haat. ..................................................................... 28 Figure 38: Site section .................................................................................................................. 29 Figure 39: Activities happening around the premises. ........................................................... 29 Figure 40: Land use ...................................................................................................................... 29 Figure 41: Urban Insert and lifestyle identification. ................................................................. 29 Figure 42: Ground Floor Map of Dilli Haat ................................................................................ 30 Figure 43: View of Delhi Haat, INA. ............................................................................................ 31 Figure 44: Site zoning. .................................................................................................................. 31 Figure 45: Site Map demarcating green spaces. ................................................................... 31 Figure 46: View of Museum inside Delhi Haat, INA ................................................................. 32 Figure 47: View of transition space............................................................................................ 32 Figure 48: Seating at Dilli Haat, Delhi ........................................................................................ 32 Figure 49: Public Gazebo sitting. ................................................................................................ 32 Figure 50: Permanent: Brick Wall with timber Beam and Arcade ........................................ 33 Figure 51: Temporary: Steel and Fiber Sheet Structure .......................................................... 33 Figure 52: Showing Movement Pattern..................................................................................... 33 Figure 53: Locally available materials used i.e. stone pavements. ...................................... 34 Figure 54: Public stage. ............................................................................................................... 34

viii

INTRODUCTION

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

1.1 Criteria of selection:

It is a proposed project under Smart City Development. The idea of the project is to have a Cultural and Commercial Centre in the city as Varanasi acts as a cultural and commercial hub of the North-Eastern region of North India and is known throughout India for its production of very fine silk and Banarasi Sarees, brocades with gold and silver thread work, handicrafts, jewellery, marble & stone crafts.

1.2 Aim: To design a Cultural and Commercial center a modern and integrated facility to support the Handloom and Handicraft sector of Varanasi by providing a platform for trade enhancement, facilitation to both domestic and international buyers, and carry forward the rich traditions of Handloom and Handicrafts of the Varanasi region.

1.3 Need: The city retail particularly high-streets is driven by Handloom and Handicraft products

which

are

Outstanding infrastructure Meeting, Accommodation, Entertainment

witnessing

increasing demand in Indian and International markets as clear from the aforesaid analysis. These products

Supportive Government Policy and Regulations

Excellent Connectivity with major worldwide destinations

are manufactured locally in Varanasi and adjoining districts like Mirzapur, Badohi, Jaunpur, Chandauli, etc. However, these products are being

Matured Industry in the hinterland

MICE Destination

mostly sold in high-street markets located in a scattered manner across various locations in the city and there

Safe and Secure Location

are no integrated facility housing Handloom and Handicraft sectors under one single roof.

Figure 1: Understanding MICE.

Well acclaimed Service Sector support

Reasonably well known as a tourism spot and has adequate tourism resources

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

Major Destinations:

FICCI – MRSS had published a whitepaper in 2016 titled “India Inbound MICE Tourism, trends and opportunities 2016” and subsequently a report title “MICE Tourism – Powerhouse of New Era” which had identified a few destinations as depicted in the diagram below. What is encouraging to see is the fact that a few more destinations had already made their name into the key destinations that could develop as future brand ambassadors for MICE Tourism in India and could place India formidably on the map of MICE Tourism.

Figure 2: Map of India Showing emerging MICE destinations.

Primary Objectives:  Trade Facilitation, export, and one-stop-shop to domestic enterprises and foreign buyers.  Marketing support to weavers and artisans in National & International markets.  Cultivation and enhancement of rich traditions of crafts of the ancient city of Varanasi.  The platform for showcasing for region’s Handlooms & Handicrafts products.  Linking handloom & handicrafts product promotions with domestic & international tourism.

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

Figure 3: Tourist data for Varanasi, 2015

Facilities such as Convention hall, Exhibition area, Shops, Marts, Food Court, Restaurants, Guest Houses, Dormitories, Offices, Crafts Museum and Amphitheater along with support infrastructure and amenities focused at providing an integrated platform for promotion of Handloom, Handicrafts and Carpet Sector of Varanasi region.

1.4 Project Proposition: • The project establishes the need to set up a cultural and cultural center in Varanasi city due to the maximum number of citizens involved in manufacturing, trade, and commerce. • By establishing a local center for trade and exhibition of local products to make all kinds of locally made specialty readily available to the buyers. • A center that also acts as a meeting place for people to share their ideas and thoughts concerning the art & craft of Varanasi. • To provide resources to meet the needs of individuals and groups for exploration of new techniques and enhancement of skills in manufacturing of products.

• The project promotes all those activities that help to impart and promote the craftsmanship and local traditional products made in Varanasi. Activities that promote learning, influencing, research, exploring, teaching and introspection through a combination of open and built spaces giving the user an appropriate environment.

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

1.5 City Context: Varanasi or Banaras (also known as Kashi) situated on the banks of the river Ganges in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh is one of the oldest living cities in the world. The city is called Kashi, "the luminous" in the Rigveda. It is often referred to as a "city of temples and learning." Only through this city, the River Ganga flows South to North having the world-famous Ghats on the left crescent-shaped bank of the river Ganga.

Figure 4: Map showing Contextual location of Uttar Pradesh with Varanasi

Figure 6: View of temples and Ghats of Varanasi.

Figure 5: View of Ghats on banks of river Ganga

The city is heterogeneous with multiple layers

believes

religion, nature,

culture,

art

profiles,

forms, and

individualities. It is a sacred and holy place to Hindu, Buddhist, Jain, and Muslim religions. For every visitor, Varanasi has a different experience to offer. The

present

area

under

Municipal

Corporation of Varanasi (MCV) jurisdiction is 79.79 sq. km with a population of 14,32,300 (as per the census year 2011). Owing to its rich tourism potential, the estimated daily flow of tourists and pilgrims to the city is 15,000.

Figure 7: Land use Map (Varanasi Development Authority)

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

Connectivity: Varanasi can be reached through the air, rail, and road-based modes. •

By Air: Lal Bahadur Shastri International Airport is located at Babatpur in Varanasi, about 22 km from the core city. Various prominent airlines such as Air India, Indigo, Jet Airways, Spice Jet, Thai Smile, and Vistara operate regular air services from Varanasi to major cities such as Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, Bhubaneswar, Goa, Trivandrum, Ahmedabad, Srinagar, Bangkok, Sharjah, Colombo, etc.

•

By Rail: Being located in the heartland of the North Indian plains, Varanasi is well connected by rail network both nationally and regionally. The city is served by three major railway stations, with two at city center viz. Varanasi Cantonment station and Varanasi City Railway Station and one at Mughal Sarai just 10 km south of Varanasi.

•

By Road: With three national highways i.e. NH-2, NH-56, and NH-29, and four state highways i.e. SH73, SH-74, SH-87, and SH-98 Varanasi is well connected both nationally and regionally. The city has two bus terminals viz. one at Cantt. area and another named Kashi depot at Golgadda. The distance from the major cities is Delhi-750 km, Kolkata - 683, Lucknow-286 km, and 125 km from Allahabad. The upcoming bypass (expected to be completed in 2017) between NH-29 (VaranasiGorakhpur Road) and NH-56 (Varanasi-Sultanpur Road) shall reduce travel time from the airport.

•

Intra-city: The movement within the city is a mix of Taxis Autos, cycle rickshaws, private vehicles, and walk (by foot is the only way to see the waterfront and the Ghats).

Varanasi is one of the most visited tourist destinations in India. Total Inflow of Tourists (as per the data received from UP tourism) in the year 2015 was 57,16,297; in which domestic tourist’s inflow is 95% of the total. ‘Education and research is the priority by

Figure 8: Tourists inflow in Varanasi in year 2015

International Tourists, and ‘pilgrimage/spiritual tour’ is the main reason that attracts

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

maximum percentage of domestic tourists. The tourist inflow has had an annual growth of 4% per year.

MICE Tourism, the future of business tourism, is the next big growth engine of the global tourism industry. As per ICCA, the Indian convention industry is currently at a nascent but growing stage, with a total of 116 Global conferences organized in the year 2014 -15. India already has a host of locations that are well-acclaimed MICE destinations which include Delhi NCR, Agra, Jaipur, Mumbai, Goa, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai, Cochin, Bhubaneshwar, etc. Banaras (Varanasi) is also attracting corporates now who are heading here for business meets. annual meetings, conferences, and awards ceremonies. According to the market sources in the hospitality sector, such events have seen a fourfold increase in number in about one and a half years. New players in various sectors covering automobile, pharmaceuticals & healthcare, insurance, real estate, and other corporates across the spectrum have started coming to Banaras for business conferences from other cities in the last couple of years. Brief of market research on MICE infrastructure available along with names, locations, capacities, typologies, etc.

Figure 9: Nearby Hotel study which cater MICE groups in Varanasi city.

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

1.6 Site Context:

Type: Institutional, Commercial & Recreational (Mixed-use) F.A.R: 2.0 Frontage: 50M Setbacks: Front- 15M; Back & Rear-9M Parking: for 100 SQ.M 2 - E.C.U Tentative Built-Up Area: 7500 -8000 SQ.M Connecting Roads: Hockey Stadium Road – 24M Location: Bada Lalpur, Chandmari, Varanasi, U.P. Figure 10: Satellite image of Proposed site at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh

Site location & connectivity: The site is strategically located near the upcoming bypass (expected to be completed in 2017) between NH-29 (Varanasi-Gorakhpur Road) and NH-56 (Varanasi-Sultanpur Road) which shall reduce travel time to TFC from Varanasi Airport to 30 mins and from Sarnath to 20 mins. The location of

the

site

also

allows

its

connectivity to all prominent locations within Varanasi and Sarnath with a travel time of less than 1 (one) hour. The location is away from the congestions of the old Varanasi and also is expected to be the new growth corridor of development.

Figure 11: Map showing connectivity with nearby structures and landmarks

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

Climate:

Varanasi experiences a humid subtropical climate with large variations between summer and winter temperatures. The temperature ranges between 22 and 46 °C (72 and 115 °F) in the summers.

Figure 12: Climatic Data for Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh

Site opportunities & challenges: •

Proposal by Government of India.

•

The site also contains a good number of trees and vegetation.

•

The site is a bit secluded on its own which leads to the increase in the quality of activities like Meditation, Yoga, Music, etc.

•

The presence of spaces like gardens, playgrounds, temples, etc. leads to the availability of breathing space for the building.

•

In this area, water levels are always high even in the summer season. This is due to the local source of water. The subsoil at the upper level is silty clay (Alluvial soil). Due to the presence of high-water level in all the season. The subsoil at the upper level is loose.

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

1.7 Project Brief: Project: Ekaya Banaras – Cultural & Commercial Center Client Owner: Ministry of Textiles Govt. of India.

Cultural & Commercial Center Figure 13: Logo of the proposed building.

Implementing agency: National Handloom Development Corporation Ltd. (NHDC) Client Requirements Museum, Auditorium, Retail Shops, Offices, Skill Development Center, Exhibition Area, etc. Users Tourists, Local population, Craftsmen and Artisans, Retail Shop Owners, Design Students, Administrative Staff, Cleaning and Maintenance Staff, etc. Project Objectives  Trade Facilitation, export, and one-stop-shop to domestic enterprises and foreign buyers.  Marketing support to weavers and artisans in National & International markets.  Cultivation and enhancement of rich traditions of crafts of the ancient city of Varanasi.  The platform for showcasing for region’s Handlooms & Handicrafts products.  Linking handloom & handicrafts product promotions with domestic & international tourism.  To create a building which could be listed in places to visits in the city/state to attract tourists and local visitors. Design Objectives  To provide different ambiances or spatial environments to maintain the mixed-use objective of the building such as Exhibiting, Selling, Shopping, and Recreational activities within a single roof.  To create spaces, indoor and outdoor that would impact the users and make the visit a memorable experience.  To create spaces that would be connected and yet would be distinct.

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

Activity Zoning OBJECTIVES

USERS

ACTIVITIES

SPACES

To provide exhibits for Tourists, Locals locally manufactured products

Experiencing, product exhibition

Exhibition and gallery spaces along with buffer spaces

To provide space for conducting meetings or lectures to share knowledge and thoughts

Watching, Learning, studying, discussing

Auditorium, lecture room, seminar hall, meeting rooms

To make Varanasi Tourists, Locals, locally made Students, Teachers products mainstream and shop them, promoting local manufacturers

Shopping

Retail Shops

To create a systematic structure to manage the whole building and resources

Administrative staff and other staffs

Management, accounting

Control room, cloakroom, administrative office, human resource office, financial office

To read books about various arts and crafts of Banaras

Tourists, Locals, Students, Teachers, Administrative staff

Reading

Library

To learn and develop Tourists, Locals, skill in local art and Students, Teachers, craft Administrative staff, Experts, Enthusiasts

Learn about pottery, weaving, and other handicrafts manufacturing skills

Skill Development Center- Classroom, manufacturing unit, workshop area

To manufacture with better infrastructure and use the platform provided

Experts, Tourists, Locals, Staff, Students, Teachers

Watch the process

Audio/Visual Room

To provide a facility that would enhance user experience and connect them with the surroundings

All users

Recreational, refreshment

Open, semi-open, and recreational spaces, garden

Tourists, Locals, Students, Teachers, Administrative staff, social workers

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

To fulfill the need for an eating place within the site

All users

Eating, cooking

Cafeteria and Kitchen

To store the manufacture and other extra units

Staff, Experts,

Storing the extra

Storage spaces

To provide facility for washrooms

All users

Toilet

Toilets

To guard the site and All users check who is entering or leaving the site

Checking, taking note of who is entering or leaving, making sure parking is being used

Guard Room

To provide facility for parking

Parking

Tourists, Locals, Shop owners, Students, Experts, Enthusiasts, Staff, etc.

1.8 SWOT Analysis: STRENGTHS: a.

Integrated marketing platform: ▪ TFC&CM is an iconic structure designed as an integrated marketing platform for handloom, handicraft, and carpet sector players in the region, ▪ It has one of the largest capacity convention centers in the region, and will play a major role in facilitating the Varanasi region for its MICE activities,

Centre of Tourism and Culture: ▪

The region is a major attraction for national and international tourists with 84 Ghats, 3000 shrines, temples, among Sarnath, Kashi Vishwanath temples, Aarti at Ganga, 720 festivities celebrated annually, prominent center for Hindustani Classical Gharana, etc.

▪

It is a center for Ancient and Vedic learning – Sanskrit and Ayurveda, Jyotish and Astronomy Studies, Vedic Studies, Literature Education, etc.

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center

Market leader in Handloom and Handicraft products:

Cultural & Commercial Center

▪

It has a dominating position in the manufacturing of India’s potential export products such as handloom, Handwoven, Handicraft including carpets. Highquality manpower availability with the presence of renowned Banaras Hindu University,

▪

Indian Institute of Carpet Technology and Sampoornan and Sanskrit Vishwavidalaya (University) oldest Sanskrit University in the country among many other educational institutes.

Connectivity: ▪

Varanasi is well connected at regional, national, and international levels with Lal Bahadur Shastri International Airport, three national highways i.e. NH-2, NH-56, and NH-29, and four state highways i.e. SH-87, SH-73, SH-74, and SH-98 and three major railway stations, viz. Varanasi Cantonment station, Varanasi City Railway Station, and Mughalsarai Railway Station.

WEAKNESSES: The convention activities in Varanasi are at a nascent stage, however, due to the lack of such facilities, the sector is not fully captured yet.

Opportunities: a. Business Development Opportunities ▪ Immense potential for the tapping of nascent markets of conventions, exhibitions, business meets, and conferences, etc. ▪ Varanasi region is the market leader in Handloom and Handicraft products b. Tourism, Heritage and Pilgrimage ▪ Immense potential for both International and Domestic tourism. Integrated tourism may be developed for the religious tourism sector. ▪ Better networking of tourist locations such as Ghats, temples and Hotels / Dharmashalas, and other facilities.

THREATS: This is a new project, hence, will initially require intense marketing and promotional activities to attract footfalls.

PRE-DESIGN STUDIES

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

2.1 PRE-DESIGN ASPECTS FOR STUDY FRAMEWORK OF CASE STUDY 1. SITE CONTEXT:

To determine how the projects under study have dealt with or responded to their surroundings as per: •

Urban Fabric

•

Site shape

•

Architectural language

As the thesis project site is proposed within an urban fabric, it is important to determine how it shall respond to the surroundings. 2. INTEGRATION OF DAYLIGHT: To analyze the integration of built-form, architectural elements & natural lighting, to enhance the functionality and aesthetics of a space. All respond to the surroundings.

Built-Form Architectural Elements

Natural Lighting

Figure 14: Concept Diagram

3. PROGRAMME ZONING: To understand the accessibility structure of a space and its relation with other spaces. To analyze how public, semi-public and private spaces are distinguished and understand the horizontal and vertical circulation pattern. PUBLIC

PUBLIC SEMI-PUBLIC Figure 15: Distribution of Spaces

PRIVATE

SEMIPUBLIC

PRIVATE

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center

4. PROGRAMME REQUIREMENT:

Cultural & Commercial Center

To understand spatial characteristics of various spaces and user-space relationships. To analyze per user area required in various spaces to formulate a suitable area program.

5. CIRCULATION: To understand the circulation pattern between the spaces, how they are connected and how they are accessed. To understand the movement between the entrance of the building to the rest of the spaces.

6. BUILT-OPEN INTEGRATION: To understand the integration of built and open spaces for a better user experience. To explore ways in which the users can experience open spaces having various characteristics integrated with the built structure.

CASES SELECTED: 1. Mahatma Mandir Convention Center, Gandhinagar. 2. Jaipur Exhibition & Convention Center, Jaipur. 3. Delhi Haat INA, New Delhi.

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

ANALYSIS OF CASE STUDIES:

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

1. Mahatma Mandir Convention Center

Located in the capital of India's vibrant state of Gujarat and in proximity to the country's first world heritage city by UNESCO, the Mahatma Mandir Convention & Exhibition Centre is India's largest purpose-built Convention Centre.

Figure 16: Mahatma Mandir Convention Center

TRANSPORTATION International Airport, 20 km Gandhinagar Railway Station, 1 Kms Ahmedabad Railway Station, 29 Kms

Figure 18: Map showing Contextual location of Gujarat state with Gandhinagar District

Figure 17: Location map of Center

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

The Complex 

An integrated development spread across 34 acres, comprising Convention facilities, Exhibition halls, and Dandi Kutir.



Can accommodate up to 15,000 delegates



Convenient accessibility to airport, train station, and ground transportation hub



Double-height atrium & pre-function areas



Safe evacuation measures



Storage facilities on site



Tiered VIP Lounges to receive and host Government officials, delegates, and Trade Commissioners



Wi-Fi enabled and enhanced audiovisual capabilities



Restrooms with provision for differently-abled delegates



Adequate parking facilities

The Convention Centre 

Viewing Galleries can accommodate 5500 delegates in theatre style



With an area of 96m x 58m, the multipurpose, pillar-less Main Convention Hall has a ceiling height of 11m & is divisible into 3



8 multilingual interpretation booths



Movable modular stage pieces, lighting trusses, in-built hanging hooks with a capability to hold up to two tones.



20 additional meeting venues to accommodate parallel sessions ranging from 61000 delegates



Plug and Play Sound Reinforcement System



Controlled temperature and lighting for thermal and visual comfort



Sizeable pantry area



Video Conferencing



Projection System

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

Figure 20: Convention Hall at Mahatma Mandir Convention Center

Figure 19: Convention hall stage at Mahatma Mandir Convention Center

The Exhibition Centre 

3 pillar-less air-conditioned Exhibition halls with extensive Viewing Galleries



Flexible,

heavy-duty

floor

for

showcasing

heavy

machinery

and

other

industrial/medical equipment 

Easy plug & play SRS facilities and telecommunication systems



Wide alley back of the house service areas to aid the swift movement of exhibits and equipment Other Spaces



Heads of States Centre to accommodate over 250 VIP delegates in multiple meeting spaces



Open-air amphitheater to seat 1000 guests



Gandhi Garden can accommodate over 2000 guests



Multi-level Food Court that can accommodate over 2500 guests



16 Retail Shops to facilitate shopping requirements.

Figure 22: Ground Floor map of Mahatma Mandir Convention Center

Figure 21: First Floor map of MMCC.

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

Area Program

Figure 23: Area Programming at Mahatma Mandir Convention Center

1. Area in program: 29,404 SQ.M. 2. Amenities and circulation: 15% 3. Total Area: 33,815 SQ.M. 4. Thus the area per person divided is 25 SQ.M.

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

OVERVIEW Close to 22,000 sq. mt. of air-conditioned facilities sprawled across 34 acres and built to accommodate 15,000 delegates. The Mahatma Mandir Convention & Exhibition Centre is an integrated development comprising of a Heads of States Centre, Convention facilities, Exhibition halls, an open-to-air amphitheater, expansive lawns, Retail shops, and easy access to Dandi Kutir, India's largest & only museum on the life & principles of Mahatma Gandhi and the 300 room, The Leela Gandhinagar. Inspired by the tenets of Mahatma Gandhi, this architectural marvel has an abundance of natural light & airy spaces. While the innovatively designed spinning wheel generates energy that helps illuminate the complex, access to the mound-shaped Dandi Kutir by way of a suspension bridge is symbolic of the Dandi March that played a significant role in India's Independence Movement.

Figure 24: Site Map of Mahatma Mandir Convention Center, Gandhinagar

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

Figure 25: Satellite Image of Mahatma Mandir Convention Center

Figure 26: Open v/s Built Ratio at Mahatma Mandir Convention Center

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

2. JAIPUR EXHIBITION AND CONVENTION CENTER Location: Sitapura Industrial area, Jaipur, Rajasthan Architect: M A Architects Client: PPA Project Completed: 2012 Total Site Area: 25 Acres. (1,01,171Sqm.) The entire project is in structural steel, as the concept of exhibition halls is based on functional flexibility and aesthetics. The project houses a combined 2.5 lac sq. ft. in exhibition and convention areas with retractable seating column-free spans, exceeding over 200 ft.

Figure 27: Site Map of Jaipur Exhibition & Convention Center, Jaipur

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

BUILT-UP AND OPEN RATIO

Figure 28: Map showing Open v/s Built Ratio of Jaipur Exhibition & Convention Center, Jaipur

CONVENTION CENTER The main entrance of this facility first brings you to the permanent registration counters that in turn give way to the spacious prefunction foyer. This pre-function foyer also extends itself to another floor. The ground-level foyer takes you to the 1,100 sq. m. ballroom that has 1,200 delegates' capacity and has a stage size of 32' x 24'. It also has retractable fitted seating for 740. Two green rooms and a VIP lounge area located just adjacent to this ballroom. This expansive center further includes 13 breakout rooms on the upper floor. The whole center is well-equipped with AV set-up and interpreter rooms for six languages. The space of these rooms varies from 127 sq. meter to 64 sq. meter, thus providing you the provision of proper customization. •

Retractable fitted seating for 740

•

14 Breakout Rooms including VIP Lounge

•

2 Green Rooms

•

Permanent registration counters

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

•

4,000 sq. ft. banquet space

•

AV setup

•

Interpreter rooms for 6 languages

•

Option of dim lighting

•

Spacious pre-function foyer

•

A ballroom of 1,000-1,200 delegates capacity

AREA PROGRAM OF EXHIBITION AND CONVENTION CENTRE

Figure 30: View of JECC Convention Entry.

Figure 31: View of Exhibition Center entrance.

Figure 29: Ground Floor Map of JECC, Jaipur Figure 32: First Floor Map of JECC, Jaipur

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

HALLS 1 & 2

Figure 33: Map of Hall 1 at JECC, Jaipur

Figure 34: Map of Hall 2 at JECC, Jaipur

Connected with the common entrance plaza, hall 1 and hall 2 form two massive wings of the entire facility. Clear ceiling height of 13m, building height of 20m, and 20 tones/sq. m. floor holding capacity provides ample space for elaborate stall designs. Equal in the area; both these halls can house multiple projection seating arrangements like banquet back (3,900 capacity), banquet front (4,040 capacity), theatre back (7,880 capacity), theatre front (8,300 capacity), classroom back (3,740 capacity), classroom front (3,940 capacity), cabaret back (3,120 capacity) and cabaret front (3,230 capacity). •

20 tons/sq. m floor holding capacity

•

Clear height of 13m

•

Building height of 20m

•

Equipped with general lighting and air conditioning

•

PA (Public Address) systems incorporated

•

9m wide dedicated service road for heavy vehicles

•

Largest column-free hall in South Asia

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

Figure 35: View of JECC, Jaipur

HOTEL TYPICAL FLOOR

Figure 36: Typical floor Plan of Hotel at JECC, Jaipur

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

3. DELHI HAAT PARAMETERS 

To study the local retail market setup.



To study and understand the Horizontal and Vertical Space relationship.



To study different Build and open relationship



To study different elements and spaces for recreational purpose concerning design for local people



To understand the zoning and connectivity of different spaces like restaurants, café, lounges, convention, and conference halls at different levels.

LOCATION The site is easily accessible by all means of transport, be it the road: Aurobindo Marg, the metro station: Dilli Haat-INA Metro Station, the Bus Stand: Kidwai Nagar Bus Stand, or the Airport: Safdarjung Airport. All the stations are nearby due to the residential areas and markets located nearby.

Figure 37: Location mapping around the haat.



Location: INA, New Delhi.



Architect: Pradeep Sachdeva.



Client: DTDC & Ministry of Textile & Ministry of Tourism.



Completed: 1994.



Total Site Area: 6 Acres.

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

Figure 38: Site section

CONTEXT, THEME, AND PEOPLE Dilli Haat, a building in an urban area, helps in connecting and bridging the gap between rural and urban life.

Figure 39: Activities happening around the premises.

The nearby Locality is filled with Residential areas and Market Places while there is a flowing drainage channel over which it is built.

Figure 40: Land use

The theme is to inter-relate the two groups of users which strengthen the context of refugee Delhi.

Figure 41: Urban Insert and lifestyle identification.

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

Figure 42: Ground Floor Map of Dilli Haat

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

FORM AND PLANNING Linear Planning Helps in the proper circulation required for the overall journey of the building.

Figure 44: Site zoning.

Figure 45: Site Map demarcating green spaces.

Figure 43: View of Delhi Haat, INA.

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

ELEMENTS AND EMBELLISHMENTS Entrance Use of Pillar-like structures at the entry of the haat for demarcating the grand entrance to the street and for breaking the visual connection.

Figure 46: View of Museum inside Delhi Haat, INA

Figure 47: View of transition space.

Seating Use of various Materials like Brick and Sandstone to distinguish between the formal and informal seating.

Figure 48: Seating at Dilli Haat, Delhi

Figure 49: Public Gazebo sitting.

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

SHOPS The entire haat is made in such a way that all the spaces intermingle with each other also having easy connectivity. Built-up is 12% of the total area. Built-up area- 3190 SQ M After every queue of stalls, there is a courtyard providing open space. The food plazas present on both sides of the spine after the roundabout have a medium level of visual connectivity and integration. Types

Figure 50: Permanent: Brick Wall with timber Beam and Arcade

Figure 51: Temporary: Steel and Fiber Sheet Structure

Movement 1. Pedestrian movement: create nodal points for a choice of space and better visual connection to the other parts of the campus. 2. Interrelationship between building types: street (narrow) Vehicular movement: segregation on site - out of the site Service entry: should be separated - with the vehicular movement

Figure 52: Showing Movement Pattern

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

Parking: Resolve parking issues - by providing basement parking. These spaces inside the campus behave formally or informally which depends upon the activity it caters to, the users it attracts, with the scope of openness it possesses. This helps in formulating the functional aspect of the spaces within. Materials and spaces

Figure 53: Locally available materials used i.e. stone pavements.

Figure 54: Public stage.

O.A.T.: at the end of the vistas, we see the performance and visual art circular Open Air Theatre. Materials: Use of Different materials for the flooring which provides the traditional village theme

CONCEPT & DESIGN PROPOSAL

EKAYA BANARAS

CULTURAL & COMMERCIAL CENTER, VARANASI, U.P.

The thesis on the project “Ekaya Banaras – Cultural & Commercial Center, Varanasi” is undertaken to establish the need to setup cultural and commercial center in Varanasi due to maximum number of citizens involved in manufacturing, trade and commerce. Establishing a local center for trade and exhibition of local products would make all kinds of locally made specialties readily available to the buyers. The spatial programs have been sub divided into a museum, auditorium, retail shops, offices, skill development center, exhibition area to house the local demands and amenities focused at providing integrated platform for promotion of handloom, handicrafts and carpet sector of Varanasi.

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EKAYA BANARAS CULTURAL & COMMERCIAL CENTER, VARANASI, U.P. MEETINGS

INCENTIVES

CONFERENCES

EVENTS

MAJOR DESTINATION

9 3

WELL CONNECTED & ACCESSIBLE

12 13

TRADE FAIRS 16 11

LEGEND: 1. ENTRY 2. PARKING (250 ECU) 3. HOTEL ENTRY 4.HOTEL

5. AUDITORIUM 6. MICE CENTER 7. EXHIBITION HALLS 8. OPEN AIR THEATRE

09. EKAYA PLAZA 10. MUSEUM 11. PLAZA ENTRY 12. RETAIL ENTRY

13. PARKING (200 ECU) 14. EVENT GROUND 15. SEVICE ENTRY 16.EXIT

BROWNFIELD DEVELOPMENT

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EKAYA BANARAS CULTURAL & COMMERCIAL CENTER, VARANASI, U.P.

Conceptual massing generating by evaluation of build Atriums are being articulated so as to create more forms. recreational public spaces and to intoduce daylight.

The building has been designed incorporating climate-responsive and sustainable design practices, embodying low energy costs, and use of high-performance materials to achieve IGBC Gold Performance. Varanasi features a semiarid climate with extreme temperatures and intense solar radiation coupled with low rainfall. In response to these climatic conditions, appropriate form and orientation of the building were considered in the design in addition to shading methods adopted on the building façade.

Bridges connecting the building parts and thus, courtyards and terraces are provided to enable the view of the premises.

Accommodating: Auditorium, Convention center, Seminar halls, Administration offices, Souvenir shops, Exhibhition hall - 01, Gallery for Exhibit

Accomodating: Conference Halls, Restaurant, Cafeteria, Exhibition hall -02 Auditorium reception, Admin offices, Control Rooms.

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EKAYA BANARAS CULTURAL & COMMERCIAL CENTER, VARANASI, U.P.

Page 38

EKAYA BANARAS CULTURAL & COMMERCIAL CENTER, VARANASI, U.P. AREA ANALYSIS

Page 39

EKAYA BANARAS CULTURAL & COMMERCIAL CENTER, VARANASI, U.P. MICE CENTER

Facilities such as Convention hall, Exhibition area, Shops, Marts, Food Court, Restaurants, Offices, Multipurpose Halls can be used for conferences, exhibitions, meetings, symposiums and several other events.

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EKAYA BANARAS CULTURAL & COMMERCIAL CENTER, VARANASI, U.P. MICE CENTER

Conference halls or Auditoriums are mainly allocated in the exhibition spaces to hold conferences and/ or seminar during the exhibition period. Proper attention must be provided in designing entry and exit routes.

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EKAYA BANARAS CULTURAL & COMMERCIAL CENTER, VARANASI, U.P.

The slope of site is very gradual such that it can be utilized in the built form, reducing the cut and fill system.

Maintaining the climatic conditions as the wind flows in West to East direction. Using Jali as a diffused daylight source inside the building from harsh south light. Extracted from using the motifs of Varnasi Vernacular architecture vocabulory.

MICE CENTER - For conferences and meeting pourposes.

FOYER - Jaali pattern inspired from the local art of Varanasi.

Ekaya Plaza - Inspired from the Ghats of Varanasi to mould the plaza in varnacular.

Hotel - A 5-Star proposed hotel in the premises of the site to accomodate the tourists

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EKAYA BANARAS CULTURAL & COMMERCIAL CENTER, VARANASI, U.P.

As site doesn’t offer any outside view, adapting introvert design to have it’s own view.

Creating Public spaces within the premises for fuctional activities and aesthetics.

Conceptual Zoning: To have a better view terraves have been projected out at different levels.

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EKAYA BANARAS CULTURAL & COMMERCIAL CENTER, VARANASI, U.P. HOTEL:

Hotel block facilitating 51 Deluxe Rooms with 10 VIP Suites and accmodating Gymnassium, Spa, Banquet Hall and Swimming pool.

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FRONT ELEVATION

TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN (1&2 FLOOR)

THIRD FLOOR PLAN

SIDE ELEVATION Page 44

EKAYA BANARAS CULTURAL & COMMERCIAL CENTER, VARANASI, U.P. ARCHITECTURAL VOCABULORY The plaza intends to bring back to life the traditional historical elements through means of modern interpretation, repetition, and symmetry, having played an essential part in the designing and conceptualizing of the structure. A distinctive jaali screen made in Aluminum and brick that wraps the building adapts motifs from traditional Varanasi architecture. Study of the vernacular in an effort to find ways to treat the riverfront: Ghats were the natural answer since they lend themselves to stabilizing the river-edge while providing an interface for human engagement with the river. Design of the ghats combined the use of several typologies of platform to account for diverse functions smaller ones for daily rituals, and large performance stages for events. The mixed use precinct will cater to 1500 - 2000 tourits per day as well as visitors coming for recreational and community activities. Inspired by the cultural activities happening at Ghats of Varanasi and a separate commercial retail shops for the tourists and visitors.

Conceptual section: Interpreting the activites happening on the Ghats of Varanasi throughout the day.

Page 45

EKAYA BANARAS CULTURAL & COMMERCIAL CENTER, VARANASI, U.P. SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN Retractable roofs allow you to make the best possible use of your outdoor areas in any kind of weather. Provides Great Shade as in Varanasi, we experience a lot of sunshine and the temperature can get quite high at times.

The perforated brick façade, it increases the strength of the air flow and cools it down marginally. Additionally, since the panels cover the buildings on all sides, it sheaths it from direct sunlight, thereby reducing the walls from heat gain.

A A symphony symphony in in concrete, concrete, water and the subtle play of reflected reflected light, light, its its design design was inspired by the region’s rich architectural architectural traditions traditionsand andthe themuseum’s museum’s unique unique location location at the at the point point where where the religious the religious land of land Varanasi of Varanasi and the and waters the of waters the Ganga of the Ganga meets. meets.

RETAIL OUTLET (TYPE - I) : Open to sky shops for coustomes in the premises of the plaza with foldable textile roof for diffused daylight feature and for cooling.

RETAIL OUTLET (TYPE - II) : Solar Panel equipped shops with Jalli as a facade treatment for daylight and passive cooling technique.

Museum : Engraved Motifs inspired from the art and craft of Varanasi used in a manner to integrate diffused daylight.

The natural heritage is degrading by the day, the built heritage left to dilapidation and destruction. The ingenious skills and arts are dying. This highlights the need for strategies and proposals that will help in sustaining the heritage.

The proposals for sustaining heritage of the city will also include those for overcoming the mobility issues, as it is one of the major concerns associated with heritage properties and the city as a whole too.

Sustainable tourism development is as important as heritage conservation and is mutually complementary in the case of a heritage city like Varanasi, as tourism here, is closely interrelated with the heritage and historical aspects.

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EKAYA BANARAS CULTURAL & COMMERCIAL CENTER, VARANASI, U.P.

Page 47

EKAYA BANARAS CULTURAL & COMMERCIAL CENTER, VARANASI, U.P. OPEN AIR THEATRE & RETAIL OUTLET

Retail space for temporary or weekly vendors.

Permenent retail shops with climatic functionality for Local Shop Owners.

Presenting a different way of updated development, promoting the revival of the old city with the organic update. In order Performance area is arranged near the mice block, so some to coordinate with the historical and cultural district of Varanasi, the architectural design is freely relaxed, integrating the supporting functions, such as small opera history exhibition traditional “sloping roof” and “courtyard” and other abstract elements, meeting the functional requirements. hall, a public lounge, actor dressing room, commercial retail, etc. were able to be set in the conservation block.

Page 48

EKAYA BANARAS CULTURAL & COMMERCIAL CENTER, VARANASI, U.P. Along the exterior walkways, Visitors can take a break, think about and discuss the artworks, as well as enjoy the ever-changing relationship between sun, sea, art and architecture.

The museum creates a comfortable microclimate. The passive cooling, inspired by designs in local culture and traditional regional architecture. Ekaya Banaras also employs passive water and energy conservation and highly efficient heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, as well as lighting and sanitary fittings. The patterned roof permits daylight without too much heating or wind, and features such as the stone floor and wall cladding keep the building cooler for longer as the day heats up.

MAJOR TOURIST ATTRACTION

ANNUAL TRADE FAIR

HOLY TEMPLES SPREAD ACROSS

VIEW OF MOUNTAINS & VALLEYS

As the sun passes above, its light filters through the perforations in the dome to create an enchanting effect within the museum, known as the ‘rain of light’. This tribute to nature is inspired by the motifs of Varanasi. The perforation filter and soften the bright sunlight from above to project a dappled pattern on the ground.

Performance area is arranged near the mice block, so some supporting functions, such as small opera history exhibition hall, a public lounge, actor dressing room, commercial retail, etc. were able to be set in the conservation block. Which made it present a different way of updated development, promoting the revival of the old city with the organic update. In order to coordinate with the historical and cultural district of Varanasi, the architectural design is freely relaxed, integrating the traditional “sloping roof” and “courtyard” and other abstract elements, meeting the functional requirements.

Page 49

DESIGN ELECTIVE URBAN DESIGN

EKAYA PLAZA

URBAN DESIGN

As a design solution to this, a plaza has been proposed inside the premise of the Cultural & Cmmercial Center integrating the Museum & Retail outlets. It is a major solution so as create a public space in the New Peripherial area as the migrating population from the old city to the outskirts need space for recreational and retail pourpose. Also, it’s Ghat alike architecture vocabulary will fasciate the tourists and visitors visiting - ”Ekaya Banaras - Cultural & Commercial Center”.

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EKAYA PLAZA

URBAN DESIGN

INTRODUCTION

Page 51

EKAYA PLAZA

URBAN DESIGN

ELEMENTS OF URBAN DESIGN

Page 52

EKAYA PLAZA

URBAN DESIGN

URBAN STUDY FOR TRANS-VARUNA REGION, BADALALPUR, VARANASI.

Page 53

EKAYA PLAZA

URBAN DESIGN

URBAN STUDY FOR TRANS-VARUNA REGION, BADALALPUR, VARANASI.

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EKAYA PLAZA

URBAN DESIGN

MOBILITY:

SITE CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES:

EXISTING SCENERIO: Recreational As observed, the existing height in the area does not exceed 30m on the North and North - western sides of the site and 12m on the South and South - western sides This variation is due to the new development taking place i.e. high rise residential apartments.

Varanasi is well connected by railways with broad gauge. • Type : Institutional, Commercial & There are three rail lines entering to the city from Lucknow, (Mixed-use) Bhadoi and Allahabad and is diverted in two lines to • F.A.R. : 2.0 Gorakhpur and Mughal Sarai. • Frontage : 50M • Setbacks: Front : 15M; Back & Rear-9M • Parking : for 100 SQ.M 2 - E.C.U • Tentative Built-Up Area : 40, 000 SQ.M • Connecting Roads : Hockey Stadium Road – 24M wide • Location : Bada Lalpur, Chandmari, Varanasi, U.P.

The city lies on Delhi-Kolkata rail route of North Eastern Railways, which is the broad gauge. A rail line connects the town with Sarnath, located 13 Km north-east of the city. Sarnath is from where Gautama Buddha first taught the Dharma and where the Buddhist Sangha came into existence through the enlightenment of Kondanna. The other cities having good connectivity through railways are Patna, Guwahati, Chennai, Mumbai, Gwalior, Meerut, Lucknow, Kanpur and Allahabad. INTRA CITY MOVEMENT:

The site is situated in the middle of the varying heights. Hence, the proposed project should follow the existing gradual skyline i.e. height should not go above 30m. The proposed Cultural & Commercial Center should be designed having a similar character so that it blends well with it surroundings.

• •

• The movement within the city is a mix of Taxis Autos, cycle rickshaws, private vehicles, and walk (by foot is the only way to see the waterfront and the Ghats) and 25% of the citizens • use personal vehicle to communte around the city.

Also, the building demands to be designed as a landmark. Hence, the height of the building has been increased as compared to the ones on the South. This makes it prominently visible from the main arterial road The site is well connected to all prominent regions i.e. the Urban Extension Road through roadways and public transport network but lacks comfortable pedestrian networks. This Trans-Varuna region of Varanasi is needs to be developed at a good pace as people living in the Heritage Zone of Varanasi are now shifting towards this area. Site is flanked by residential area/built-up areas of Bada Lalpur and direct connected highway leading towards Lal Bahadur Shahstri Airport. No Retail outlets and public gathering plazas in the nearby area not available.

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EKAYA PLAZA

URBAN DESIGN

SITE PLAN : Diameter of 800 meters from the site is URBAN GRAIN : Built open ratio of an area and the URBAN GREEN : The green pockets in an area taken into consideration for research. nature and extent to which it is subdivided. whether natural or introduced.

Important neighbouring landmarks such as hospitals, parks, stadium, etc has been demarketed.

Built Area : 53.5 percent Open Area : 46.5 percent

Green Area: 38 percent

• Site is located exactly opposite to the National Hockey • The ratio of built spaces to open spaces prevailing in the • The percentage of green spaces prevailing in the 0.6 Stadium. 0.6 km radius area of the proposed site is approximately km radius area of the proposed site is approximately 38 • In the vicinity of the site there are no 5-star hotels to 1.15 : 1. percent. accommodate tourists and visitors. Thus, a Hotel is • Following the existing ratio, the Cultural & Commercial • Following the existing percentage, the cultural & proposed in the premises of the site. center should also maintain a similar ratio in the proposed commercial center development should also have similar • There are enough medical services in the vicinity of the land pocket. percentage of designed and accessible green spaces site for first aid or emergency medic services requirement. for plantation and public use. • Residential area: Majority on all the four sides of the site. • Varanasi Ring Road which directly connects the site to the Lal Bhadur Shastri Airport, Varanasi on a 20 minutes’ drive direct connecting road.

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EKAYA PLAZA

URBAN DESIGN

PROBLEMS & ISSUES

Page 57

EKAYA PLAZA

URBAN DESIGN

INFERENCES & DESIGN STRATEGIES

Page 58

EKAYA PLAZA

URBAN DESIGN

DESIGN PROPOSAL - 1 ARCHITECTURAL VOCABULORY The plaza intends to bring back to life the traditional historical elements through means of modern interpretation, repetition, and symmetry, having played an essential part in the designing and conceptualizing of the structure. A distinctive jaali screen made in Aluminum and brick that wraps the building adapts motifs from traditional Varanasi architecture. Study of the vernacular in an effort to find ways to treat the riverfront: Ghats were the natural answer since they lend themselves to stabilizing the river-edge while providing an interface for human engagement with the river. Design of the ghats combined the use of several typologies of platform to account for diverse functions smaller ones for daily rituals, and large performance stages for events. The mixed use precinct will cater to 1500 - 2000 tourits per day as well as visitors coming for recreational and community activities. Inspired by the cultural activities happening at Ghats of Varanasi and a separate commercial retail shops for the tourists and visitors.

Conceptual section: Interpreting the activites happening on the Ghats of Varanasi throughout the day.

Page 59

EKAYA PLAZA

URBAN DESIGN

SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN Retractable roofs allow you to make the best possible use of your outdoor areas in any kind of weather. Provides Great Shade as in Varanasi, we experience a lot of sunshine and the temperature can get quite high at times.

RETAIL OUTLET (TYPE - I) : Open to sky shops for coustomes in the premises of the plaza with foldable textile roof for diffused daylight feature and for cooling.

RETAIL OUTLET (TYPE - II) : Solar Panel equipped shops with Jalli as a facade treatment for daylight and passive cooling technique.

Museum : Engraved Motifs inspired from the art and craft of Varanasi used in a manner to integrate diffused daylight.

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EKAYA PLAZA

URBAN DESIGN

Page 61

EKAYA PLAZA

URBAN DESIGN

DESIGN PROPOSAL - 2

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TECHNOLOGY ELECTIVE

MECHANICAL SERVICES

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

1.1 PROJECT INTRODUCTION: It

proposed

project

under

Smart City

Development. The idea of the project is to have a Cultural and Commercial Centre in the city as Varanasi acts as a cultural and commercial hub of Cultural & Commercial Center

the North-Eastern region of North India and is known throughout India for its production of very fine silk

and Banarasi Sarees, brocades with gold and silver thread work, handicrafts, jewellery, marble & stone crafts. To design a Cultural and Commercial center a modern and integrated facility to support the Handloom and Handicraft sector of Varanasi by providing a platform for trade enhancement, facilitation to both domestic and international buyers, and carry forward the rich traditions of Handloom and Handicrafts of the Varanasi region. Facilities such as Convention hall, Exhibition area, Shops, Marts, Food Court, Restaurants, Guest Houses, Dormitories, Offices, Crafts Museum and Amphitheater along with support infrastructure and amenities focused at providing an integrated platform for promotion of Handloom, Handicrafts and Carpet Sector of Varanasi region. Conference Spaces or Auditorium Halls: Conference halls or Auditoriums are mainly allocated in the exhibition spaces to hold conferences and/or seminars during the exhibition period. Proper attention must be provided in designing entry and exit routes. Multipurpose Halls: Multipurpose Halls can be used for conferences, exhibitions, meetings, symposiums, and several other events. Multipurpose Halls can also be used as Banquet and/or Event Halls and sometimes also as Galleries. Other Important spaces of a Convention Centre include:      

Recreational Spaces. Gallery. Restaurants. Administrative Spaces. Parking Spaces. Landscaped Areas.

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

Owner: Ministry of Textiles Govt. of India. Implementing agency: National Handloom Development Corporation Ltd. (NHDC)

1.2 BROAD REQUIREMENTS Concourse = 16,000 sqm. Commercial shops and showrooms = 3500 sqm. Waiting Spaces = 500 sqm. Public Area is inclusive of sitting spaces and landscape = 3000 sqm. Connecting passages to various modes of transports = 1000 sqm. Admin area = 200 sqm. Facilities = 500 sqm.

1.3 OBJECTIVES To evaluate the climatic conditions and heat load of a building to identify a suitable conditioning system in the building. To understand the calculations and placements of various equipment associated with the appropriate conditioning system. To design an efficient ventilation system for large spaces having multi-height courts creating a comfortable conditioned space for the users.

1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS The project holds a vast scope for mechanical services in terms of the concourse and commercial areas. In Varanasi, the summers are drier and affecting than winter. Hence, summer conditions are considered primarily while designing. The main intention is to design the HVAC system for summer, which requires calculating solar heat loads from walls and roofs, windows, and fenestration. Heat gain from users and lighting. Calculation of the duct design. Designing the pump.

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

1.5 METHODOLOGY Identify the type of spaces, users, and areas

Identify the climate of the site location

Calculating Heat load of spaces

Selecting appropriate system

Designing the layout

_______________________ SITE ANALYSIS _______________________

Ekaya Banaras - Commercial & Cultural Center Cultural & Commercial Center

2 SITE CONTEXT 2.1 CLIMATE ANALYSIS Varanasi experiences a humid subtropical climate (with large variations between summer and winter temperatures. The dry summer starts in April and lasts until June, followed by the monsoon season from July to October. The temperature ranges between 22 and 46 °C (72 and 115 °F) in the summers. Winters in Varanasi see very large diurnal variations, with warm days and downright cold nights. Cold waves from the Himalayan region cause temperatures to dip across the city in the winter from December to February and temperatures below 5 °C (41 °F) are not uncommon. The average annual rainfall is 1,110 mm (44 in). Fog is common in the winters, while hot dry winds, called loo, blow in the summers. In recent years, the water level of the Ganges has decreased significantly; upstream dams, unregulated water extraction, and dwindling glacial sources due to global warming may be to blame.

Temperature:

The hot season lasts for 2.6 months, from April 4 to June 23, with an average daily high temperature above 99°F. The hottest day of the year is May 23, with an average high of 106°F and a low of 80°F. The cool season lasts for 2.1 months, from December 6 to February 10, with an average daily high temperature below 78°F. The coldest day of the year is January 10, with an average low of 49°F and a high of 72°F.

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Humidity: Varanasi experiences extreme seasonal variation in the perceived humidity. The muggier period of the year lasts for 6.1 months, from May 5 to November 8, during which time the comfort level is muggy, oppressive, or miserable at least 26% of the time. The muggiest day of the year is August 9, with muggy conditions 100% of the time. The least muggy day of the year is January 11, with muggy conditions 2% of the time. Precipitation: A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. The chance of wet days in Varanasi varies very significantly throughout the year. The wetter season lasts 3.3 months, from June 15 to September 24, with a greater than 32% chance of a given day being a wet day. The chance of wet day peaks at 63% on July 21. The drier season lasts 8.7 months, from September 24 to June 15. The smallest chance of a wet day is 2% on December 6. Winds: The average hourly wind speed in Varanasi experiences significant seasonal variation over the year. The windier part of the year lasts for 7.0 months, from February 15 to September 14, with average wind speeds of more than 6.7 miles per hour. The windiest day of the year

is June 19, with an average hourly wind speed of 8.5 miles per hour. The calmer time of year lasts for 5.0 months, from September 14 to February 15. The calmest day of the year is October 24, with an average hourly wind speed of 4.8 miles per hour.

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2.3 INFERENCE AND DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS Since the weather conditions in Varanasi are very harsh specifically during the summers in April to July, an effective and energy-efficient centralized air conditioning & VRV system is required while keeping in mind the pollution level in the city. Climate: Varanasi experiences a humid subtropical climate with large variations between summer and winter temperatures. The temperature ranges between 22 and 46 °C (72 and 115 °F) in the summers. Site opportunities & challenges: Proposal by Government of India. The site also contains a good number of trees and vegetation. The site is a bit secluded on its own which leads to the increase in the quality of activities like Meditation, Yoga, Music, etc. The presence of spaces like gardens, playgrounds, temples, etc. leads to the availability of breathing space for the building. In this area, water levels are always high even in the summer season. This is due to the local source of water. The subsoil at the upper level is silty clay (Alluvial soil). Due to the presence of high-water level in all the season. The subsoil at the upper level is loose.

_______________________ STANDARD, BYELAWS & CODES _______________________

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3.1 Standards for the requirement of air change per hour for various areas

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Air change / Hour for CMM Calculation

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3.2 Standards for Cooling tower

Duct Network

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No. of AHUs to be Provided

Services suspended from the Slab

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3.3 STANDARDS & CODES: Codes and standards to be found out from the following - ASHRAE CPWD S.NO.

CODE

DESCRIPTION

ANSI/ASHRAE STANDARD 34-2001

Number designation & safety classification of refrigerants.

ANSI/ASHRAE STANDARD 41.1-862001

Measurement’s guide

ARI 110-2002

Air conditioning & refrigerating equipment nameplate voltages

ASHRAE 1991

Terminology of Heating Ventilation Air conditioning & Refrigeration

ISA STANDARD RP 31.1

SMACNA - 1990

Recommended Practice, Specification, Installation, & Calibration of Flowmeters. HVAC Systems-Duct Design

SMACNA- 1985

HVAC air duct leakage test manual

SMACNA- 1985

HVAC duct construction standards Metal & flexible I edition.

SMACNA-1989

HVAC duct system inspection guide.

10.

SMACNA-1989

Rectangular industries duct construction.

11.

SMACNA- 1977

Round industries duct construction.

12.

ANSI/ASHRAE/52.11992

Gravimetric & Duct spot procedure for testing air-cleaning devices used in general ventilation for removing particulate matter.

13.

ANSI/ASHRAE 34-1992

Number designation and safety classification of refrigerants.

14.

ASHRAE

Refrigeration oil.

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15.

ANSI/UL/1963-1991

Refrigerant recovery recycling equipment, 1989.

16.

ANSI/ASHRAE/111-1988

Practices for measurement, testing, and balancing of building, heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, and refrigeration system.

17.

SMACNA

HVAC Systems- Testing, adjusting, and balancing.

18.

ANSI/ASHRAE 62-1989

Ventilation for acceptance indoor air quality and balancing, 1983

AIRCONDITIONING EQUIPMENT: 1.

IS 659 – 1991

Safety code for air-conditioning (revised) (Amendment 1)

IS 660 – 1991

Safety code of mechanical refrigeration (revised)

IS 6272 –1991

Industrial cooling fans (Man coolers) (1st revision)

IS 7896 -1991

Data for outside design conditions for airconditioning for summer months.

IS 8188 -1988

Code of practice for the treatment of water industrial cooling systems.

IS 8362 -1991

Copper and copper alloy rolled plates for condensers and heat exchanges.

IS 8667 -1993

Purchasers’ data sheet for cooling towers for the process industry

SP 7 1983 Group 4

National Building code

_______________________ STATISTICAL DATA AND CALCULATIONS ______________________

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4.1 BASIC FORMULAE Steps for Calculation: Identify Area and Occupancy of a Zone Heat Load (BTU) = Area (Sq.ft.) x 31.25 Occupancy Load = No. of Occupants * 600 Equipment Load = No. of equipment * 3.4 Total Load = Heat Load of area + Occ. Load + Equipment Load Solar Adjustments = -10% for shaded areas +10% for exposed areas Tonnage = Total Adjusted Load / 12,000 CFM = Tonnage * 400 Placement of AHUs in building Duct Calculations Number of air diffusers. Placement of Diffusers and return air grills.

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HEAT LOAD & VENTILATION CALCULATION FOR EKAYA BANARAS - CULTURAL & COMMERCIAL CENTER, VARANASI, (U.P.) ABSTRACT S.No. Description

Area (SQ.Mtr.)

Total Heat Load (BTU)

Tonnage (Ton)

CFM

Service opted

Auditorium Block

1,580.00

9,80,837.00

32,694.57

Chilled Water Plant System

Exhibition Block

3,279.00

17,53,721.85

146

58,457.40

Chilled Water Plant System

Main Building Block

8,767.00

53,15,105.05

443

1,77,170.17

Chilled Water Plant System

Hotel Block

8,180.00

37,30,427.00

311

1,24,347.57

Chilled Water Plant System

Plaza 1,850.00

10,44,777.50

34,825.92

2,040.00

9,23,106.00

30,770.20

25,696.00

1,37,47,974.40

5.1 Museum 5.2 Retail Shops Total

1,150

4,58,265.81

VRV System 1.5 Ton Split AC/SHOP

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4.2 INFERENCE 1. All the spaces are centrally connected to the main area that is the concourse space which is approximately 45,000 cubic meters. 2. All spaces have large volumes and heat gain and hence a centralized system will be the most suitable system wherein the Main Building Block in ZONE 1 will have FCUs in all the galleries connected to the AHUs near the services. 3. The concourse space i.e., ZONE 2, 3, and 4 will have a central system where the fresh air will be facilitated through the ceiling and the return air will also be thrown out of the ceiling. 4. The hotel floors i.e., ZONE 5 and 6 will have an FCU system for the hotel rooms. Hence, a centralized air conditioning system is the most suitable system. 4.3 CALCULATION FOR DUCTS SIZE AND AIR DIFFUSERS The calculation for the number of diffusers Air flow (Q) = (Volume X Air change per hour) / 3600sec = [1800 X 5 X 8 (air change per hour for public spaces)] / 3600 = 20 m3/s 2 AHUs are installed. So, Q = 10 m3/s per AHU Recommended maximum air velocity for silent operation is 4m/sec. (ASHRAE) Cross Sectional Area = Q (Flow) X V (Velocity) = (10 X 106)/ 4 = 2.5 X 106 m2 Size of diffusers taken as 480mm X 480mm. No of air diffusers = Cross-sectional Area of duct / Area of diffusers

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4.4 CALCULATION FOR DUCT SIZE The Aspect Ratio is 2:1 Hence, 2b = a (where a = width of duct, b = depth of duct) Cross-sectional area (known from the above calculation) = a X b 2.5 X 106 = 2b X b = 1118mm a = 2236mm Hence, values of a and b will be derived. For calculation of duct reduction, the Area of the air diffuser is subtracted from the cross-sectional area of the duct. Area of d2 = Area of d1 - Area of air diffuser (0.16 X 106) Area of d2 = a x b Area of d2 = 2b x b b = whole root of (Area of d2 / 2) a = 2b Hence, the size of the new duct will be derived.

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_______________________ AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM ______________________

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5.1 INTRODUCTION OF SYSTEM Mechanical services work involves the construction, installation, replacement, repair, alteration, maintenance, testing, or commissioning of a mechanical heating or cooling system in commercial and residential buildings, for example, air conditioning, refrigeration, and air handling systems. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) are the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. It involves the process of exchanging or replacing air in any place to provide high-quality indoor air, which involves temperature control, oxygen replenishment, and removal of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, etc. from the air. Building cooling load components are; direct solar radiation, transmission load, ventilation/infiltration load, and internal load. Calculating all these loads individually and adding them up gives the estimate of the total cooling load. The load, thus calculated, constitutes the total sensible load. 5.2.1 CENTRALISED CHILLED WATER SYSTEM: A central HVAC system serves one or more thermal zones, and its major equipment is located outside of the served zone, whether inside, on top, or adjacent to the building. The thermal energy transfer system can be air, water, or both. Chilled water systems provide cooling to a building by using chilled water to absorb heat from the building’s spaces. A chilled water system refrigeration cycle works by removing heat from chilled water in the evaporator of the chiller. The compressor is what drives the entire process. In the condenser of the chiller, the heat is transferred to the condenser water, or directly to the outside air. CHILLED WATER LOOP: The chilled water loop consists of pipes and pumps that move chilled water around a building. A chilled water pump pushes chilled water through the chiller and the chilled water line around the building. The chilled water supply is pumped through the chiller and to the building’s various air conditioning units such as air handling units (AHUs) and fan coil units (FCUs):

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In the AHUs and FCUs, the chilled water is passed through a heat exchanging coil to reduce the temperature of the coil.

While the heat exchanging coil is cooled by the chilled water, a fan blows air through the coil to provide cold air to the building’s space.

After exiting the heat exchanging coil, the chilled water return (CHWR) returns to the chiller, where it is cooled again, and the process repeat

WATER-COOLED CHILLER SYSTEM: Water-cooled chillers are almost always located inside of a building. They work almost the same way as aircooled chillers. The difference is that they remove heat from chilled water by exhausting the heat to a second, isolated water line called the condenser water line. The condenser water flows through the chiller and picks up heat. The condenser water then returns to the cooling tower. The cooling tower is almost always located outside of the building and removes heat from the condenser water by evaporating some of the condenser water into the atmosphere. As some of the condenser water evaporates, heat is removed from the condenser water, and the cool condenser water flows back to the chiller. This process is then repeated all over again.

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5.2.2 VRV - VARIABLE REFRIGERANT VOLUME VRV system should be adopted to maintain the different temperatures in a variety of rooms and spaces. 

VRV systems act as multi-split systems, connecting multiple indoor units with one centralized outdoor condensing unit assembly, providing simultaneous heating and cooling and heat recovery in various zones. The outdoor unit shall be designed for connecting all the indoor units.



VRV systems are non-traditional HVAC systems, in comparison with conventional ducted systems circulating the air or chilled water throughout the building. The term VRF indicates the ability of the system to vary and control the refrigerant flow through multiple evaporator coils to provide individual temperature control in various mechanical comfort zones.



For fresh air used centralized treated fresh air unit for each zone.



The VRV system designed is cooling and heating type to cater to summer and winter load efficiently.

5.3 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 

Space for the cooling towers on Site.



Space for Chiller plant in the basement.



Sufficient beam and slab depth shall be provided for carrying out ducts throughout the building.

5.4 CRITERIA OF SELECTION  Auditoriums, exhibitions, and convention halls are characterized by high people density value and high activity level. They have high occupant cooling loads and requirements of outside air.  The halls also require cooling for only a few hours and there are diverse requirements of cooling. Variety of loads depending upon the activity. 

Water-cooled chiller systems are very energy efficient. Due to their complexity and many different parts, they are often more expensive to install and maintain. For this

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reason, they are usually only found in large buildings. This is because the energy savings outweigh the cost of installing and maintaining the system.

The total load of the center is > 200 tons so a water-cooled chilled water system is an efficient choice.

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5.5 DESIGN PARAMETERS 1. Energy Conservation The facility's design all includes energy conservation measures such as shading, insulation minimizing air conditioning loads, energy recovery, lightning control, utilization of natural lighting, and solar energy. All proposed energy conservation systems must be justified with life cycle cost analysis to demonstrate the energy cost saving offset of the additional cost for the system. 2. Water Conservation The facility's design shall include measures to conserve potable water consumption. All proposed water conservation systems must be justified with a life cycle cost analysis to demonstrate the water cost savings offset the additional cost for the system. 3. Maintainability The overall design and the selection of fixtures, equipment, and materials shall provide for easy and low maintenance requirements, easy access, standardization of fixtures, equipment, and materials to achieve minimum spare parts, and maximum flexibility to replace. The design shall ensure that all equipment is accessible for operation and maintenance and that those considerations for maintenance, repair, and replacement have been addressed. 4. Shaft Design 

A sufficient number of shafts shall be provided so that piping length is optimized.



The HVAC Shaft must be adequately sized to enable smooth passage of pipes and ducts with insulation along with its supporting arrangement through it.



The walls of the HVAC Shaft must be lined with Fire Rated Material capable of withstanding 250 degrees Celsius for 2 hours.

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

Inspection Doors must be provided in HVAC Shaft wherever necessary. The door must be Fire-rated capable of withstanding 250 degrees Celsius for 2 hours.

5.6 DESIGN SCHEME 1. Centralised Chiller Water Plant (HVAC)

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2. VRV - Variable Refrigerant Volume

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5.7 FIRE SERVICES General Requirements of Buildings  Site Area – 8.9 hectare  Built-up Area – 30,000 m2  Total no. of occupants – 10,000 approx. Provisions in the building FIRE STAIRCASE SHAFTS 2 Emergency Exits on the ground floor Type of Installation Fire Extinguisher – To be installed 5’ above the ground and at the maximum distance of 50’ – 75’. • First Aid Hose Reel – Distance between hose reel allowed is 36m with a 4m spray from the nozzle. • Automatic Sprinkler – Sprinklers with a spray radius of 1.5m and located at a distance of 3m c/c. For rooms where sprinklers could not be given at the ceiling, wall sprinklers are installed that could provide efficient fire control. •

FIRE SAFETY IN ATRIUMS Hydrants shall be available on the floor of the atrium and also at the adjoining upper spaces/floors of the atrium. Sprinklers are required to be installed for coverage of glass areas of retail, tenant, and other areas adjoining the exit access corridor and atrium. Sprinklers shall be at a distance of 450 mm to 600 mm enabling cooling of such glass and limiting the extent of fire and smoke to the atrium. • Atrium smoke management system fans shall be provided with emergency power. •

WATER TANK CAPACITY Fire Tank capacity for Zone 1,2,3 and 4 = 10,000(persons) X 30L per passenger = 3,00,000L Fire Tank capacity for Zone 5,6 (Hotel floors) = 150(persons) X 180L = 27,000L Therefore, total tank capacity = 3,27,000 L

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5.8 LIFT CALCULATION (FORMULA AND STANDARDS) 1) Peak demand [P] (for 5 min period): P = {Built up area (usable) * Handling capacity (H)}/ (per person area * 100) 2) Car travel [L] = Number of floors * Floor height 3) Probable number of stops [S1]: S1 = S-S{(S-1)/S} ŋ Where, S = Maximum number of stops

ŋ = average number of

passengers in a lift (80% of total car capacity) 4) Upward journey time S = S1{L/(S1V) +2V}

where, S1 = Probable number of stops

L = Car travel (in meters) V = Speed of lift 5) Downward journey time = (L/V + 2V) 6) Door opening time = 2 (s1 + 1) W/Vd Where, W = Width of door (here, 1m /2) Vd = Opening speed of door (here, 0.4m/s) 7) Average time taken for each passenger to get in/out of the lift car = 2 sec/passenger Transfer time = 2 sec X ŋ (average number of passenger) 8) Round trip time [R.T.T.] R.T.T. = Upward journey time + Downward journey time + Door opening time + Transfer time 9) Capacity of group: P = 5(min) x 60 (sec) x N X ŋ/ R.T.T. Where, N = Number of lifts 10) Waiting for time = R.T.T/N Quality of service

(With respect to waiting time)    

Excellent – Less than 25 sec Very good – 25 secs – 30 sec Good – 30 secs – 35 sec Fair – 35 secs – 40 sec

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_______________________ SERVICE DRAWINGS & DETAILS ______________________

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WATER TANKS & COOLING TOWER DETAILS

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Glossary

GLOSSARY: Atrium - An atrium is a large open space located within a building. It is often used to light a central circulation or public area by daylight admitted through a glass roof or wall. Atria provide some daylight to adjacent working areas, but the amount is often small and does not penetrate very far. The main function of an atrium is to provide a visual experience and a degree of contact with the outside for people in the working areas. Average Daylight Factor (ADF) - is the “ratio of total daylight flux incident on a reference area to the total area of the reference area, expressed as a percentage of outdoor illuminance on a horizontal plane due to an unobstructed hemisphere of the sky of assumed or known luminance e-distribution” [1]. ADF can be calculated using the following equation [2]: ADF=TAwθ M/{A(1–R²)} T: the glass transmittance; Aw: the effective window area (excluding the frames); θ: the visible sky angle; R: the average reflectance of the room, M: the maintenance factor; A: the total surface area of the room in m² (floor + ceiling +walls including the windows). Comfort range - A range with a minimum and maximum value within which comfort is assumed.

Daylight autonomy (DA) - The DA is defined as the percentage of time – over a year – for which daylight can provide a specific intensity of light (e.g. 500 lux) in interiors.

Daylight factor (DF) - The DF expresses – as a percentage – the amount of daylight available indoors compared to the amount of unobstructed daylight available outdoors under standard CIE sky conditions.

Glare - Glare is a sensation caused by an uncomfortably bright light source or reflection in the field of view that can cause annoyance, discomfort, or loss in performance and visibility.

Illuminance - Illuminance is the measure of the amount of light received on a surface. It is typically expressed in lux. Light Tubes - Another type of device used is the light tube, also called a tubular daylighting device (TDD), which is placed into a roof and admits light to a focused area of the interior. These somewhat resemble recessed ceiling light fixtures. They do not allow as much heat transfer as skylights because they have less surface area. Luminance - Luminance is the measure of the amount of light reflected or emitted from a surface. It is typically expressed in cd/m². Lux (lx) - Unit of illuminance. One lux is one lumen per square meter (lm/m²). Sawtooth roof - Sawtooth roofs have vertical roof glass facing away from the equal or side of the building to capture diffused light (not harsh direct equator-side solar gain). The angled portion of the glass support structure is opaque and well insulated with a cool roof and radiant barrier. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) - Also called winter depression. A mood disorder caused by low light levels in winter.

Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) - Term sometimes used to describe situations in which building occupants experience acute health and/or comfort effects that appear to be linked to time spent in a particular building, but where no specific illness or cause can be identified.

Visible transmittance (τv) - The amount of daylight coming through a window is referred to as the visible transmittance (τv) and is dependent on the composition of the window pane.

Window system - A window system is a window and its accessories as a combined unit. Accessories are shading devices or other devices that change the parameters of the window as a whole.

Bibliography

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Bubekri, Daylighting, Architecture, and Health: Building Design Strategies (1st ed.) Architectural Press, Oxford, 2008.

[2] BRE,

estimating daylight in buildings: Part 1, An aid to energy efficiency, Building Research Establishment, Watford, 1986.

[3] J.

Bell, W. Burt, Designing buildings for daylight, Construction Research Communication Ltd, Watford, 1995.

[4] BRE,

Desktop guide to daylighting ‐ for architects, Good Practice Guide 245, Building Research Establishment, Watford, 1998.

[5] P.

J. Littlefair, Site layout planning for daylight and sunlight: A guide to good practice, (2nd ed.), Building Research Establishment, Watford, 2011.

[6] S.V.

Szokolay, Introduction to Architectural Science: The Basis of Sustainable Design (2nd ed.), Architectural Press is an imprint of Elsevier, Oxford, 2008.

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Littlefair, J. Lynes, a Design method for daylighting, Architects’ Journal 07(12) (1995) [8] Boubekri, M. (2004) An Overview of The Current State of Daylight Legislation, Journal of the Human Environmental System, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 57-63. [9] Boyce,

P., Hunter, C. and Howlett, O. (2003) The Benefits of Daylight through Windows, Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Brainard, G. C. (2002) Photoreception for Regulation of Melatonin and Circadian System, 5th International LRO Lighting Research Symposium.

[10]

BREEAM (2010) the Environmental Assessment Method for Buildings Around the World, http://www. breeam.org/ (accessed: 2010-06-04).

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British Research Establishment (2009), The Government’s Standard Assessment Procedure for Energy Rating of Dwellings, Department of Energy and Climate Change, United Kingdom.

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British Standard (2002) BS 5250: Code of practice for control of condensation in buildings.

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[14]

Brown, M. J., and Jacobs, D. E. (2011) Residential light and risk for depression and

falls: Results from the LARES study of eight European cities. Public Health Reports, 126 (Supplement 1), 131-140.