Quanyuefang Pedestrian Street

Ji'Nan Quanyuefang Pedestrian Street

Shuaizheng Zhao MA Architecture and Urbanism Supervised by: Eamonn Canniffe

Copyright © 2021 Manchester, United Kingdom ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Manchester School of Architecture Manchester Metropolitan University (Student ID: 19032263) University of Manchester Copyright reserved by Shuaizheng Zhao MA Architecture and Urbanism I

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express the deepest appreciation for my professor Eamonn Canniffe Principal Lecturer of the MA Architecture and Urbanism Course at Manchester School of Architecture. Thank you for a wanderful and exciting year, for all your guidance and persistent help throughout this coures.You recommended books for me and pushed me to the best I can be.

None of this would have been possible without his passionate and highly experienced teaching team. Special thanks to Mazin AlSaffar and Youcao Ren whose feedback and guidance was always welcomed and without all this accomplishment would not have been possible.

Finally, to my family and friends for providing me with continuous suppport, reassurance and encouragement throughout this year.

-Shuaizheng Zhao Fig. The indoor space of one shop located in Quanyuefang Pedestrian steet

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CONTENTS...

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT II CONTENTS III

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1.PART ONE (studio B): City Introduction

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1.1 Springs City - Ji'nan 1.2 Introduction - Ji'nan History 1.3 Introduction - Ji'nan Heritages 1.4 Introduction - Industrial Heritages 1.5 Introduction - Natural Landscape 1.6 Introduction - City Square 1.7 Introduction - Landscape Axis 1.8 Introduction - Commercial District 1.9 Introduction - Pedestrian Streets 1.10 Introduction - Quancheng Road

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2.PART TWO (studio B+C) 2.1 Quanyuefang Pedestrian Streets 2.2 QuanyuefangPedestrian Street 2.3 Site Weather Analysis 2.4 Surrounding Patterns Analysis 2.5 Surrounding Elevation 2.6 Surrounding Districts Analysis 2.7 Status Analysis 2.8 Traffic Analysis 2.9 Original Building Analysis points 2.10 Quanyuefang Business Analysis And Forms 2.11 Original Building Analysis 2.12 Elevation Analysis 2.13 Quanyuefagn Renovation Concept

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Fig. The Rendergraph of Pedestrian street IV

CONTENTS...

3. PART THREE (studio C) 3.1 Complex Boom Analysis 3.2 Circulation Analysis 3.3 Public Realm And Landscape Strategy 3.4 Experiential image And Rendergraph of Aerial View 3.5 Plant Disposition And Environmental Strategy 3.6 Cover Construction & Stategy 3.7 Elevation Rendergraph & Comparison 3.8 Rendergraph

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4. CONCLUSION

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5. FIGURE CREDITS

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PART

ONE

CITY INTRODUCTION

Springs City - Ji'nan Jinan is the capital of Shandong province in Eastern China. With a population of 9.2 million, it is the secondlargest city in Shandong. The area of present-day Jinan has played an important role in the history of the region from the earliest beginnings of civilization and has evolved into a major national administrative, economic, and transportation hub. The city has held sub-provincial administrative status since 1994. Jinan is often called the 'Spring City' for its famous 72 artesian springs.

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Fig1.1 The pedestrian location and city pattern

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1910

Introduction - Ji'nan History The area of present-day Jinan has been inhabited for more than 4000 years. Ji'nan means the city was located south of Ji river. Ji'nan was appointed as the capital of Shandong province in the Qing dynasty. During the Han dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE), Jinan was the capital of the feudatory Kingdom of Jibei and evolved into the cultural and economic hub of the region. German influence in Jinan grew after 1897. Germans built the Jiaoji railway in 1904. In 1919, after the First World War, the Japanese took over the German sphere of influence in Shandong, including control of the Jiaoji railway, and established a significant Japanese influence in Jinan. Although the Japanese severely damaged city, they also established many factories, which gave Jinan the beginning of industrialization.

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1920

Fig1.2(Lift top) The Ji'nan old map made in 1910 Fig1.3(Lift bottom) The Ji'nan old map made in 1920 Fig1.4(Right top) The Ji'nan old map made in 1948 Fig1.5(Right bottom) The city plan made in 1959

1948

In the period of the People's Republic of China, Jinan built 11 districts in 1950. Jinan experienced repaid development in the decades. The government destroyed the ancient city walls, old buildings and some heritages. The Jinan railway station (Jiaoji railway) was destroyed, too. As a traditional industrial city, Jinan established many mills. It also resulted in heavy air pollution, especially that produced by the Jinan steel mill. In the 1959's city plan, the Jinan steel mill was far away from the city centre.

Because of urban expansion, the mill was surrounded by villages and communities in the next three decades.

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Fig1.6(Lift top) The city plan made in 1980 Fig1.7(Lift bottom) The city plan made in 1996 Fig1.8(Right) The Ji'nan city pattern in 2020

After 1990, the city boundary expanded to Yellow River, having more than 7 million resident population. Recently, Jinan became an international city having more than an 8.9million population, occupying 760 square kilometres. The government closed many factories, changing them to industrial museums and theme parks. To develop the local economy and tourism, Jinan is building the third subway. In the new city plan, Jinan hopes to have a permanent population of 10 million, stepping into China's second-tier cities.

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Introduction - Jinan City Patterns

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Introduction - Ji'nan Heritages Jinan Railway Station: Jinan old railway station is a typical Germanic station building designed by the famous German architect Hermann Further. It was once the largest railway station in Asia, featured in the architecture textbooks of Tsinghua University and Tongji University and was listed as the first stop in the Far East by the 'Far East Travel' published

by West Germany after the war.

Hongjialou Cathedral: The Hongjialou Catholic Church was designed

by Friar Pang Hui-Hsiang of Austria and built by Chinese labourers. The whole building sits east to west, with typical Gothic architectural style and cross-plane. The building has about 2,600 square meters, and the church hall can accommodate 1,000 people for religious activities. When Hongjialou Catholic Church just finished the building, it was the largest Catholic church in North China. It occupies an important position in modern religious architecture in China.

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Fig1.9(Lift top) The Ji'nan old railway station.

Fig1.10(Lift bottom) The Ji'nan Hongjialou Cathedral Fig1.11(Right top) The Chengfeng flourmill Fig1.12(Right bottom) The Ji'nan steel mill

Introduction - Industrial Heritages Chengfeng Flourmill: In 1921, Miao Xinglin and Miao Xingyuan established Chengfeng Flourmill, introducing the world most advanced steel mills and other equipment from the United States. At that time, it is the first production of machine-made flour in Jinan.

Ji’nan Steel Mill: Jinan Iron and Steel Works was built in 1958. It is a super large state-owned steel joint enterprise with the highest steel output of 12 million tons. Due to the need to control pollution, the Shandong Provincial Government confirmed the transformation plan of Jinan Iron and Steel Group in August 2016. On July 8, 2017, the group ceased production. The plant will transform into a heritage park. The 3200-meter blast furnace has been preserved as a landmark building in the park.

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Introduction - Natural Landscape Baotu Spring: Baotu Spring City Park Located in Jinan’s City centre.

In this park, there are many springs. Baotu Spring is the best-known one.

In Baotu Spring city park, there are two significant buildings Guan Lan Pavilion and Luo Yuan temple.

Guanlan Pavilion: It was built in 1461 and reconstructed from a closed pavilion to opened that recently. Luo Yuan temple was rebuilt in Eying temple’s old site. It is a Chinese traditional Ming-Qing building that has a typical central axis layout.

Luoyuan Temple: It is a building group that has three main buildings.

The first temple located in the south of the complex has two stories about 6 meters. The roof is a Xieshan pattern with a yellow-coloured glaze. This construction has an extension with the Juanpeng pattern that was the best place to watch spring. The second building is located in the complex middle having two stories with pretty decoration. Nowadays, it was Eying temple. The third temple was the temple for respecting Shun & Yu. The striction is the same as the second temple.

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Fig1.13(Lift top) The Guanlan Pavilion and Baotu spring Fig1.14(Lift bottom) The Luoyuan Temple Fig1.15(Right top) Spring Square and lotus fountain Fig1.16(Right bottom) The circulation of Square

Introduction - City Square Square has a length of 790 meters and a width of 280 meters, which occupies about 220,000 square meters. The significant points of the square are Lotus Musical Fountain and 'Spring' sculpture. The sculpture now has become a symbol of Jinan.

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Fig1.17 The image shows the city center and surrounding scenic spots Fig1.18 The images of scenic spots. Top left is Daming lake, middle is 'Spring' sculpture, right is Qianfo maintain. Bottom left is Baotu spring, middle is Spring square night view, right is Jiefang tower.

Introduction - Landscape Axis The city centre has two landscape axis. One of them connects Baotu Spring and Jiefang tower. Another one connects Daming Lake and Qianfo Mountain. Spring-City square surrounded by old city walls. The tourists who travel here have many opportunities to enjoy Jinan’s characteristics.

The Square have close relation with surrounding scenic points. With developed public traffic, surrounding residence areas, shopping malls, and schools could arrive conveniently.

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Fig1.19(Top) Huarun Center Mixc Fig1.20(Bottom) Henglong Mall

Introduction - Commercial District Huarun Center MIXC: Jinan Huarun Center MIXC, with a total construction area of about 870,000 square meters, is a large urban complex integrating super high-rise buildings, hotels, businesses, commerce and apartments.MIXC is located in the Lixia district of Jinan. The west side is adjacent to Shandong Art Museum and Shandong Museum, and the surrounding transportation is convenient.

Henglong Mall: The construction of Henglong Plaza in Jinan started on December 7, 2007. The project is about 230 meters long and 150 meters wide. Plaza Hang Long has a complete set of department stores, supermarkets, speciality stores, entertainment venues, cinemas, hotels, business offices and restaurants with two floors underground and seven floors above ground.

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Fig1.21(Top) Furong Pedstrian Street Fig1.22(Bottom) Kuanhouli Pedestrian street with its memorial archway

Introduction - Pedestrian Streets Furong Pedestrian Street: Furong Street is a Quancheng Jinan characteristic of the old street and snack street. It is a north-south pedestrian street because the street has a famous spring - Furong Spring named. Furong Street embodies the characteristics of the spring water culture in Jinan.

Kuanhouli Pedestrian Street: Kuanhouli is located in the core section of Quancheng Road. It is the most popular pedestrian street in Jinan. It is a strong opponent with Furong pedestrian street many stores moved here or opened branches.

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Fig1.23 Quancheng Road night view

Introduction - Quancheng Road Quancheng Road ( 泉城路 ) is located in the Lixia District of Jinan City. It is the main east-west main road in the downtown area of Jinan and starts from Baotuquan North Road ends at Heihuquan North Road. Quancheng Road is named after Jinan's alias 'Quancheng'.

Quancheng Road is a characteristic road that integrates shopping, tourism and entertainment in Jinan. It is also the most prosperous commercial pedestrian street in Jinan. The entire road is paved with a long stone foundation, which has a unique aesthetic.

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PART

TWO

SITE ANALYSES

Fig2.1 The map of Pedestrian streets and surrounding commercial districts

Quanyuefang Pedestrian Streets Quanyuefang Pedestrian street is located in Jinan's city centre where is near other competitors. This pedestrian street was built-in 2006. Because it is an open space, it was affected by many elements such as weather, car parks, famous science points and surrounding shopping malls.

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Fig2.2(Lift) The bird view of original complex Fig2.3(Right top) The entrance of street and the Yongan Spring Fig2.4(Right middle) The cake shop in the street Fig2.5(Right bottom) the canal in the street

QuanyuefangPedestrian Street Some images of Quanyuefang Pedestrian street.

Lift image: Not been opened Quanyuefang, showing the traditional Chinese architecture style.

Right images: the entrance of the pedestrian street, there has a spring named Yongan. Nearby residents like to take water for cooking. And other two pictures are cake shop but closed in 2020.

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Fig2.6(Lift top) The line chat shows city average temperature Fig2.7(Right top) The bar chat shows average light and sunshine hours Fig2.8(Lift bottom) The bar chat shows average humidity Fig2.9(Right bottom) The bar chat shows the average UV index

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Fig2.10(Lift top) The line chat shows city average rainfall in each month Fig2.11(Right top) The bar chat shows city average snowfall in each month Fig2.12(Lift bottom) The bar chat shows average rainfall days in each month Fig2.13(Right bottom) The bar chat shows the average sonwfall days in each month

Site Weather Analysis Jinan has a humid subtropical, with four welldefined seasons. The city is dry and nearly rainless in spring, hot and rainy in summer, crisp in autumn and dry and cold (with little snow) in winter. Due to the mountains to the south of the city, temperature inversions are common. Because of the high precipitation for northern Chinese standards, and the city topography (mountains surrounding the city on three sides), Jinan has particularly oppressive summer weather. It is named as 'furnace' that is one of four 'furnance' city of China.

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Fig2.14 Site pattern

Surrounding Patterns Analysis The original programme occupied about 9000 sq.m. The complex consisted of 13 different buildings.

The project was designed by the Chinese traditional garden idea that winds paths and springs. But the design concept resulted in disordered circulation. Almost everyone visiting this pedestrian street thinks that the complex likes a maze.

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Fig2.15 Surrounding buildings and their elevation

Surrounding Elevation Residential land is the majority of the area where the project is located, followed by commercial land. Comprehensive analysis shows that the project is located in the commercial centre and adjacent to the residential area having a significant geographical advantage.

The inner blocks are 3-5 meters wide, with some narrow passageways. The main streets are more than 150 meters long, and the secondary streets are no more than 50 meters.

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Surrounding Districts Analysis The purple circles show the commercial districts. It means that the project needs to have very powerful competitiveness. At the same time, three competitive pedestrian streets are surrounding this project.

The green circles show the city parks and famous scenic spots. The parks could attract many tourists who are potential customers for the project.

The surrounding commercial and green zones show potential development. The mainland connecting the project is the most prosperous street. It is tough to understand why the project can not attract customers.

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Fig2.16(Lift top) Site surrounding city park Fig2.17(Lift bottom) Site surrounding commercial areas Fig2.18(Right top) Site surrounding medical institutions and education land Fig2.19(Right bottom) Site surrounding communities

The orange circles show the resident districts. It shows that the project needs to attract surrounding inhabitants. Many residents prefer to get drinking water from Yongan Spring that is located in this project.

The rad and blue circles are governments, hospitals and universities. If the project has special stores attracting the students, the commercial tenants could have more income.

The population density is higher than other city's districts. The project should provide service for tourists, residents and students.

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Fig2.20(Lift) Some images of pedestrian street show the situation of the shops Fig2.21(Right) Surrounding buildings and their functions

Status Analysis Many surrounding buildings have different functions. The most famous one is Shimao Shopping mall, but the target population of this shopping mall is different from my project. An old residential area and a government residence area are surrounding the project, which provides many customers.

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Fig2.22(Lift) The elevators, lifts and toilets in this complex Fig2.23(Right) The surrounding main road and pedestrian line.

Traffic Analysis The programme connects to the city's main roads through two main entrances and exits.

The surrounding area lacks parking space and no parking any time.

The inner blocks are 3-5 meters wide, with some narrow passageways. The main streets are more than 150 meters long, and the secondary streets are no more than 50 meters.

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Fig2.24(Lift) The boom map of complex Fig2.25(Right) The concept of main renovating areas

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Original Building Analysis

Fig2.26 The image shows the different types of shops

Quanyuefang Business Analysis And Forms The Plan of the complex is complicated, with different storey heights. Disordered streamline and narrow passage result in an uncomfortable feeling.

The narrow passage looks very dirty because of water from springs and fallen leaves, which leads to low will about renting and shopping.

Administration Amusement Exhibition Restaurant Elevator Jewelry Stairs Stores

One of the most significant reasons that give rise to puzzled is some stores which only have a single method to arrive them.

Now, just the first-floor stores have some attraction for lessees. The second and third floors only have a few opening stores. Although the number of empty houses of the first storey was low, under 40% of stores were rented out in the third storey.

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Fig2.27 The building construction and original material

Original Building Analysis The construction of buildings is a frame structure, so the transformation program has enough supporting members.

The original windows will be extended to show the interior space and colourful light.

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Fig2.28 The building original elevation types and situation

Elevation Analysis Model1: The building has large glass Windows on the ground floor and a thick wall with small Windows above the second floor

Model2: The facade of the building is all in the form of large glass. The whole building is a shop with a strong external nature, like clothes shops.

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Fig2.29 The college of concept image Fig2.30 The concept image: Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II Fig2.31 The concept image: Burlington Arcade

Quanyuefagn Renovation Concept Chaotic streamline. In the original project, many lifts are hard to find.

Unlinked paths and stairs usually are blocked by the trash can.

Carpark. Limited car parks also result in low attraction because tourists need to stop their cars. If they cannot find a parking spot, they will change their destination.

Roof. As an open public space, the number of pedestrian zone's tourists was impacted by weather.

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Roof Gardens. Only limited roof gardens are public areas. Most of them just can be achieved via private space. Due to the low utilization rate, the gardens are shabby.

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PART

THREE

RENOVATION

Complex Boom Analysis

Fig3.1 Complex Boom Analysis

Roof Garden Third floor Second floor First floor pedetation route

Spring canal

Fig3.2 Plan of first floor and circulation

First Floor

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Fig3.3 Plan of second floor and circulation

Second Floor

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Fig3.4 Plan of third floor and circulation

Third Floor

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Circulation Analysis The buildings connect with one narrow corridor to convenient the customers shopping and finding the favoured stores. The glass corridor may attract some young people to take photos in this place. The glass corridor is popular in some scenic spots. In my opinion, it could improve the pedestrian zone's competitiveness.

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Lotus Fountain

Lotus Leaf Cover

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Fig3.5 The analysis image show the different flors' structure and roof gardens

Public Realm And Landscape Strategy

Lotus Leaf Fountain

Louts Roof: the concept of the roof comes from louts leaf. The new material and hightech could create a better environment and save more energy. The cover also could collect rain and generate green electricity with a wind driving generator.

Roof Garden: the plant could reduce the temperature and purify the air. In addition, the trees could accelerate the evaporation. Louts Fountain: the louts' roof is a place used to rest and see the flowers and fish.

Louts leave fountain: this place used to take drinking water. So some louts leave sculptures located in this place. Residents could take spring water and let children play in this area.

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THE COVER OF MASJID MADINAH

THE FOUNTAIN OF CLARK QUAY

THE COVER OF CLARK QUAY

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Fig3.6(Left top) The concept of the cover of Masjidalmadinah Fig3.7(Left middle) The concept of the fountain of Clark quay Fig3.8(Left bottom) The concept of the cover of Clark quay Fig3.9(Right) The rendergraph of pedestrian street

Experiential image And Rendergraph of Aerial View Masjid Madina used many big umbrellas to build the shadow for pilgrims. The umbrellas used the PTFE to achieve the targets. The design is spectacular and practical. Another example is the Clark quay that was also built the cover to rebuild the micro weather. The Clark quay became a famous scenic spot in Singapore. The pedestrian street hope learn mature experience to solve the warm summer.

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Fig3.10 The rendergraph of pedestrian street

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Plant Disposition And Environmental Strategy The pedestrian zone planted many different flowers and trees. The strategy of the plant disposition is that in every season, there are some green plants with suitable flowering times.

Willow: it is the city's tree.

Lawn: it could offer a comfortable outdoor environment.

Prunus mume: it flowers in the winter.

Virginia creeper: it usually is green all the year.

Lotus: it is the city's flower. Jinan best-known square has an enormous lotus fountain.

Euonymus Japonicus: it is a common plant in northern China.

Prunus mume

Lawn

Willow

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Fig3.11 The top view of pedestrian street and some concept flowers

Euonymus japonicus

Lotus

Virginia creeper

Winter jasmine

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Fig3.12 The image show the struction of cover and its material and functions.

Cover Construction & Stategy The cover structure looks like a large umbrella with many fans. It can generate electric power via wind power. The fans could close, which is to ensure sunshine in the cold winter.

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Fig3.13 The struction and operating principle of the cover

The cover concept comes from Clarke Quay, which is an excellent example of a commercial street. The designers used a fountain and cover to achieve the target. The project is designed to adapt to the specific environment of Singapore. The project requires not only to create a suitable indoor environment but also to provide a comfortable outdoor condition.

This cover is supposed to achieve the same target for Quanyuefang pedestrian street.

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Elevation Rendergraph & Comparison

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3Fig.14 The rendergraph of elevation and comparison with the original struction

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Rendergraph

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Fig3.15 The rendergraph of entrance, maintainingthe ston written Yongan spring

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Fig3.16 The rendergraph of second flor in the other entrance.

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Fig3.17 The rendergraph of middle fountain

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Fig3.18 The rendergraph of roof bridge and cover

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Fig3.19 The rendergraph of center corridor

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PART

FOUR

CONCLUSION Honestly, the original design is successful, to a certain extent. It shows the Chinese traditional garden's model. But the designers neglected the commercial function. It cannot attract customers not only because of its architectural design but also because of its commercial strategy. As a central pedestrian street, Quanyuefang has two powerful competitors that Furong street and Kuanhouli. In addition, its commercial strategy focused on unfamous stores but charged high rent.

I hope that this street can be activated via some architectural design. And I am totally sure that if the operational staff don't change the commercial strategy, the pedestrian cannot have changed.

PART

FIVE

FIGURE CREDITS

Fig. The indoor space of one shop located in Quanyuefang Pedestrian steet Fig. The Rendergraph of Pedestrian street Fig1.1 The pedestrian location and city pattern Fig1.2(Lift top) The Ji'nan old map made in 1910 Fig1.3(Lift bottom) The Ji'nan old map made in 1920 Fig1.4(Right top) The Ji'nan old map made in 1948 Fig1.5(Right bottom) The city plan made in 1959 Fig1.6(Lift top) The city plan made in 1980 Fig1.7(Lift bottom) The city plan made in 1996 Fig1.8(Right) The Ji'nan city pattern in 2020 Fig1.9(Lift top) The Ji'nan old railway station.

Fig1.10(Lift bottom) The Ji'nan Hongjialou Cathedral Fig1.11(Right top) The Chengfeng flourmill Fig1.12(Right bottom) The Ji'nan steel mill Fig1.13(Lift top) The Guanlan Pavilion and Baotu spring Fig1.14(Lift bottom) The Luoyuan Temple Fig1.15(Right top) Spring Square and lotus fountain Fig1.16(Right bottom) The circulation of Square Fig1.17 The image shows the city center and surrounding scenic spots Fig1.18 The images of scenic spots.

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Fig1.19(Top) Huarun Center Mixc Fig1.20(Bottom) Henglong Mall Fig1.21(Top) Furong Pedstrian Street Fig1.22(Bottom) Kuanhouli Pedestrian street with its memorial archway Fig1.23 Quancheng Road night view Fig2.1 The map of Pedestrian streets and surrounding commercial districts Fig2.2(Lift) The bird view of original complex Fig2.3(Right top) The entrance of street and the Yongan Spring Fig2.4(Right middle) The cake shop in the street Fig2.5(Right bottom) the canal in the street Fig2.6(Lift top) The line chat shows city average temperature Fig2.7(Right top) The bar chat shows average light and sunshine hours Fig2.8(Lift bottom) The bar chat shows average humidity Fig2.9(Right bottom) The bar chat shows the average UV index Fig2.10(Lift top) The line chat shows city average rainfall in each month Fig2.11(Right top) The bar chat shows city average snowfall in each month Fig2.12(Lift bottom) The bar chat shows average rainfall days in each month Fig2.13(Right bottom) The bar chat shows the average sonwfall days in each month Fig2.14 Site pattern Fig2.15 Surrounding buildings and their elevation

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Fig2.16(Lift top) Site surrounding city park Fig2.17(Lift bottom) Site surrounding commercial areas Fig2.18(Right top) Site surrounding medical institutions and education land Fig2.19(Right bottom) Site surrounding communities Fig2.20(Lift) Some images of pedestrian street show the situation of the shops Fig2.21(Right) Surrounding buildings and their functions Fig2.22(Lift) The elevators, lifts and toilets in this complex Fig2.23(Right) The surrounding main road and pedestrian line.

Fig2.24(Lift) The boom map of complex Fig2.25(Right) The concept of main renovating areas Fig2.26 The image shows the different types of shops Fig2.27 The building construction and original material Fig2.28 The building original elevation types and situation Fig2.29 The college of concept image Fig2.30 The concept image: Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II Fig2.31 The concept image: Burlington Arcade Fig3.1 Complex Boom Analysis Fig3.2 Plan of first floor and circulation Fig3.3 Plan of second floor and circulation Fig3.4 Plan of third floor and circulation

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Fig3.5 The analysis image show the different flors' structure and roof gardens Fig3.6(Left top) The concept of the cover of Masjidal-madinah Fig3.7(Left middle) The concept of the fountain of Clark quay Fig3.8(Left bottom) The concept of the cover of Clark quay Fig3.9(Right) The rendergraph of pedestrian street Fig3.10 The rendergraph of pedestrian street Fig3.11 The top view of pedestrian street and some concept flowers Fig3.12 The image show the struction of cover and its material and functions.

Fig3.13 The struction and operating principle of the cover Fig3.14 The rendergraph of elevation and comparison with the original struction Fig3.15 The rendergraph of entrance, maintainingthe ston written Yongan spring Fig3.16 The rendergraph of second flor in the other entrance.

Fig3.17 The rendergraph of middle fountain Fig3.18 The rendergraph of roof bridge and cover Fig3.19 The rendergraph of center corridor

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