Measurement and Planning Michael Doust Greater London Authority
Outline
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Development CCMES Actions Programmes
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Challenges Data limitations Outcomes Robust GHG accounting
1. Development The Mayor’s Climate Change Mitigation and Energy Strategy
Objectives 1.
Reduce London’s CO2 emissions by 60% by 2025 from 1990 levels
2.
Secure a low carbon energy supply for London (25%)
3.
Maximise the economic opportunities
4.
Meet, and where possible exceed, national climate change and energy objectives
Measuring emissions Build an inventory – methodology, boundaries Estimate baseline emissions Understand emissions profile Develop scenarios, including business-as-usual
Action planning: design, quantify and assess policies and actions to reduce emissions Track and report progress over time
Estimate impact of programmes
London Energy and GHG Inventory Developed in 2004, LEGGI measures energy use and Scope 1 and Scope 2 CO2 emissions in London by sector, fuel type and location on an annual basis: • • •
Sectors – domestic, commercial, and transport Fuel – electricity, gas, coal, oil, diesel, waste, renewables Geographical location – by borough
Published online at London Datastore
London’s current CO2 emissions Total CO2 emissions (2010) = 44.26 MtCO2 per annum (scope 1 and 2 only, excl. upstream emissions)
Implementation plan
-11%
Reduction pathway
2. Actions Programmes
Key policies Policy 3: Energy supply • Enabling the identification and development of decentralised energy opportunities, and building capacity to deliver decentralised energy projects Policy 6: Homes • Retrofitting existing homes with energy efficiency measures Policy 8: Workplaces • Retrofitting London’s existing workplaces with energy efficiency measures
Delivery programmes
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Focus on market failure Leverage: low revenue to unlock large capital funding Funding neutral: channel multiple funding sources Long-term planning: build pipelines of projects Flexible: adapt to project to stakeholder needs Strong governance: engage senior stakeholders Opportunistic at start: use estate to achieve scale Data collection: evaluation and review
3. Challenges Data limitations
Data limitations: GHG Inventory Limited coverage of emission sources • Only CO2 • No waste and wastewater treatment • No water supply • No commuter travel (road, rail, aviation) • No goods and services inc. construction materials Other • Time delay in release of data • Poor spatial resolution of data
4. Outcomes Robust GHG accounting
Next steps: GHG inventory Policy 17: Measuring London’s CO2 emissions Action 17.3: The Mayor will measure London’s Scope 3 indirect GHG emissions Capture both direct GHG emissions and indirect GHG emissions Use a robust, transparent and consistent method for the quantification, attribution and reporting of city-scale GHG emissions
Next steps: GHG inventory Measure and report GHG emissions using: • Global Protocol for Community-scale GHG Emissions (GPC) – Basic + • PAS2070: Specification for the assessment of greenhouse gas emissions of a city PAS2070: Standard developed by GLA, BSI and international steering group, including C40. Requires implementation of two methodologies: • Direct plus supply chain (DPSC) approach • Consumption-based approach
Direct plus supply chain • Life cycle assessment approach, compatible with GPC • Captures territorial emissions and those associated with the largest supply chains • Direct emissions from energy use in buildings and transport, product use and land use • Indirect emissions from: • use of electricity • transboundary travel • supply chain of key goods and services
Consumption-based accounting •
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Allocates GHG emissions to the consumers of goods and services, rather than the original producers of those GHG emissions Excludes exports – Does not assess impact of production that is exported for consumption outside the city Uses input-output modelling, based on economic final consumption activities of residents, and government and capital investments
Michael Doust Environment Greater London Authority City Hall, The Queen’s Walk, SE1 2AA W: www.london.gov.uk E: michael.doust@london.gov.uk