2019DD02

Digital Design - Module 02 Semester 1, 2019 Siyao Liu

(1025244) Sean Guy, studio 16

Critical Reading: Kolerevic B. 2003. Architecture in the Digital Age

Kolerevic described three fundamental types of fabrication techniques in the reading. Outline the three techniques and discuss the potential of Computer Numeric Controlled fabrication with parametric modelling. (150 words max)

The three fundametal types of fabrication techniques used in the digital design are Additive Fabrication, Subtractive Fabrication and Formative Fabrication. Additive Fabrication is described as a techenique of adding materials layer by layer to build the volume. One of the examples of this technique is 3d printing. In contrast, Subtractive Fabrication is about removing the specific volume and material from the solids to create the models, such as, the laser cutting technique. Lastly, the Formative Fabrication is the process that reshaping or reforming the materials, by certain forces, heats and steams, like CNC Bending.

CNC Fabrication now can be regarded as an efficient and economical technique, as it can create complex shapes but require fewer people to process the work. It enables the datas of parametric models can be directly transferred to the machines and be computerised at the same time, which increases the rate and accuracy of the production. Based on these advantages, the development of digital design should be faster and the customization can become more prevalent.

2

SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Surface Creation

The two surfaces was firstly constructed from a cube, by exxtracting its edges. The Debrep command was used, certain edges were selected and were divided into different parts by the list item command. Using the sliders to control and select, two surfaces were lofted. To explore more combination and arrangement, I chose the points that usually located at different surfaces, in which case, a large space was created between the surfaces.

3

SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Surface Creation

Although there will be the waffle between the surfaces, which can still create a good sense of design flow, more options can still be considered. In order to increase the variety of threshold, it is important to consider the way of dividing space. The asymmetry structure can bring more possibilities, therefore the surfaces in contrast direction and curve were applied.

One of the final surfaces is pretty twisty, the other one was only bend a bit to act in cooperation.

4

To form different panels on the surfaces, multiple commands in grasshopper were applied. The red area highlighted part is the final version of panels that created by the lunchbox and pannelling tools. The dispatch command was used to contral and distribute the grid. And attractive points were set to change the arragement of domain grid and offset grid, which also can lead to different height of 3d panels. To increase the posibilities and explore more function in grasshopper, more commands like voronoi were also applied, which are highlighted in yellow. Its result will be showed in the follow matrix page.

5

2,10,5} 6,7,8} 150,105,0} 6,11,0} 3,4,10}

Paneling Grid & Attractor Point

2.1

{3,2,10,5} {2,6,7,8} {150,105,0} {6,6,11,0} {1,3,4,10}

2.2

{150,105,0}

{10,2,9,8} {2,6,6,8} {6,4,11,0} {8,3,4,8}

2.2

{10,2,9,8} {2,6,6,8} {6,4,11,0} {8,3,4,8}

2.2

{-10,-10,120}

{10,2,9,8} {2,6,6,8} {6,4,11,0} {8,3,4,8}

2.2

{-10,-10,120}

{2,4,9,0} {2,6,7,8} {6,6,11,0} {1,3,4,10}

{2,4,9,0} {2,6,7,8} {6,6,11,0} {1,3,4,10}

{2,4,9,0} {2,6,7,8} {6,6,11,0} {1,3,4,10}

{2,4,9,0} {2,6,7,8} {6,6,11,0} {1,3,4,10}

{2,4,9,0} {3,6,3,3} {1,3,11,0} {0,3,4,10}

{2,4,9,0} {3,6,3,3} {1,3,11,0} {0,3,4,10}

{2,4,9,0} {3,6,3,3} {1,3,11,0} {0,3,4,10}

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.4

2.4

{150,30,150}

{150,30,150}

{-10,-10,120}

{150,30,150}

{150,30,150}

{-10,-10,120}

{173,89,31}

{135,100, 50}

2,10,5} 6,7,8} 6,11,0} 3,4,10}

{135,100, 50}

{135,100, 50}

3.1

offset Grid

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

{173,89,31}

{135,100, 50}

{3,2,10,5} {2,6,7,8} {6,6,11,0} {1,3,4,10}

Paneling

3.1

2.1

{10,2,9,8} {2,6,6,8} {6,4,11,0} {8,3,4,8}

3.3

3.3

6

3.3

3.3

3.4

offset Grid

3.4

offset Grid

3.4

SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Matrix and Possibilities

Lofts

1.1

1.2

{0,0,150}

{150,30,150}

{150,0,90}

{3,2,10,5} {2,6,7,8} {6,6,11,0} {1,3,4,10}

Paneling Grid & Attractor Point

2.1 1.3

1.3

{0,0,150}

{0,0,150}

{150,30,150}

{0,0,0}

{10,2,9,8} {2,6,6,8} {6,4,11,0} {8,3,4,8}

{150,105,0}

Key

2.2 1.4

{0,0,150}

{0,0,0}

{-10,-10,120}

In task A, there three elements would affect the final structure most. The surface, the grid and panels. Different points and edges were selected to {2,4,9,0} loft surfaces. To achieve better control {2,6,7,8} of{6,6,11,0} final result, some of points or edges {1,3,4,10} would be sustainly selected for couple times. For different arrangement of grids, attractive point was inserted. To create the 2.3sense of gradient, the points on the corners werePoints applied most and brought Attractor / Control (X,Y,Z) dominant result.

The panels were design {150,30,150} Attractor / Control Curves in both 3D and 2D structure. To follow Grid Points the flow of surfaces, the trilateral shapes were utilized more. Regarding the final result, it truly works with the surface structure better than the quadrilateral panels.

{135,100, 50} {3,2,10,5} {2,4,9,0} {2,6,7,8} {2,6,7,8} {6,6,11,0} {6,6,11,0} {1,3,4,10} {1,3,4,10}

{2,4,9,0} {3,6,3,3} {1,3,11,0} {0,3,4,10}

Paneling

3.1 2.3

3.2 2.4 {150,30,150}

3.3

7

Isometric View

The final version of surface structure were formed by triangular grids, which increase the transition between panels. The hollow structure was only applied on one surface to enable the light to penetrate the structure. The graduate change of openning and height created thresholds and dynamid textures.

8

The waffle structure keep the dynamic twisting that formed by the surfaces, and some of the contours were removed to keep the whole structure neat and allow the panels to line up. Its frame can also bring thresholds for users to experience and divivde the inner space into different levels and strengthen the sense of gradient.

SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Exploded Isonometric

Isometric 1:2 0

40

120mm

The tip of surface is dominanltly pointing up and stand out in the whole model structure.

Surface that formed by panelling tools in grasshopper. Two triangular 3d structure in each block to act incooperation with the other surface.

The arrangement of 2d and 3d panels is based on the transition of surface.

To increased the height of upper panels, more 3d panels were distributed at that area, and it leads to some shadow on the ground.

The top end of the panels all face to the same direction and gather in diagonal line and lowest level, which bring the flow effect.

More 2d panels were arraged at the edges was to prevent the surface from tearing due to the strain of ivory card.

Attractive point is inserted to increase the sense of gradient, which is located at the corner of lowest level.

The opening size of both 2d and 3d panels are gradually change through the whole surface. The openning on the diagonal line would be the smallest.

Repeatment of triagular panels was to prevent the structure from messy appearance but also to keep the asymmetrical distribution of the whole model.

Contours were design to line up the edge of panels, which benifits the making process of physical model, and frame the structure better.

9

To prepare the laser cutting, the unrolling of each surface and laying out of countours were involved in this process.

Certain labels were made for each contours by the Grasshopper, which was to reduce the time of searching during the making process of physical model.

The tabs of patterns were adjusted in smaller size to prevent the model from too much needless parts.

10

SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE Photography of Model

The transition between the panels is the most intersting part that I like. The mixture of 2d and 3d panels increase the design sense of model, and also the distribution brings a good result. The 2d and 3d panels would not be regarded as separate elements in the whole structure. What’s more, it provides users with more ways to experience. If it is regarded as a pavilion, the different height of panels works with the curve of plane can create an area for people to lean on.

The opening also of great importance. As the corner of surface is curved outward, where is the largest openning locates, it can form a dominant threshold by it shadow shape. And the diversity would be achieved based on lights in different direction. The other surface works as cooperation, which enable the whole model to be more stable instead of being too garish.

11

SURFACE AND WAFFLE STRUCTURE photos

12

SOLID AND VOID

Visual Scripting of Parametric Model

As one of the aims of task b was to explore the interaction and conbination of simple geomety, I used mainly two structure of linking in the grasshoper. The first one is the basic linking script of boolean structure, the second one is the union of two different simple geometry. Both of them were control and arranged by the attractive points or curve to increase the diversity of changing.

13

SOLID AND VOID Surface Creation

It is the result of the first basic script, The basic geometry is tetrahedron, The grid and points were remapped, and the radio of tetrahedron was designed. Therefore, the tetrahedron were mainly gathering at the front

To explore more complex structure, I designed the union of some simple geometry. This is the combination of tetrahedron and oatahedron. The reason why I chose it is that the combination of this two geometry can

corner of the 150*150*150 cube, and only stretch out at one side. Although it was the first basic version, which is also the simplest one, I really like the parallel structure that created and its neat outcome.

creates variety of angle but also keep the sense of regular. Personally, I think its combination conveys a concept of heroism and modern to me, which is my favourite. (As these two geomeries are the important elements in heroism movie.)

14

SOLID AND VOID Isometric view

As introdued in the previous page, this is the simplest model in all my test boolean models, however, it is my favourite one.

The tetrahedron can create larger parallel structure and texture and avoid messy outcome. And the modern sense that brings out aroused my interest to explore the spaces.

By using the attractors, the geometries appeared in viarious size but in same direction. It allows the interation of them can follow a cetain rule. The large tetrahedrons stretch out and form the openings. As the inner geometries would be much smaller, its outcome of porosity and permeability is reflected in the structure of gradual shrinkage. By utilizing this kind of structure, the models in numerous different height can be created by cutting.

15

Grid Manipulation

1.1

1.2

1.3

Key

1.4

{0,0,0}

{150,150,150}

{75,75,75}

{75,75,75}

{0,105,105} {0,0,0}

Shape exploration Point attraction

magnitude: 1.2

magnitude: 0.6

magnitude: -0.1

magnitude: 1.1

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

{tetrahedron}

{Tetrahedron&Octahedron Union}

{Octahedron&Icosahedron Union}

{Sphere}

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

{0,0,75}

{75,75,75}

{30,30,30}

{0,0,0}

16

SOLID AND VOID Matrix and Possibilities

There were mainly three models that I printed out by using the 3d printing technique. I designed them based on different scale.

The combination version of tetrahedron and octahedron was cut based on the furniture scale. The hollow structure on the top was mean to be captured, to be used as the hole for charging lines. I like the its structure of supporting. The little twisting the created by three square openning was pretty impressive.

The basic tetrahedron model was cut in an assymetrial structure, which was designed in human scale, which would be introduced in details in the folowing pages.

The last model was formed from icosahedron and octahedron. It is inspired by the mobile phone holder. Its symmetric structure enable our phone to be supported firmly. It is attributed from the specific angle that created by icosahedron and octahedron.

17

On the surface of this area, there are some parallel triangular rod-like shapes. The repeatment structure works as the embellishment for the whole model.

It creates the tecture for users to appreciate and experience, the way of using can be explored by different way of model placing.

Isometric 1:1 0

10

30mm

Small opening that created by the interaction of volumns allow the sunlights enter in the inner area.

Due to the structure of tetrahedron, its interactions are in triangular shape. These small opennings share the same elements with the big openning of the other side, but the amount and size contrast with the other opening.

Although it is outer area, the extrude structure creates volumic space which increased the diversity of room and prevented the surface of model being boring.

The long opening works well as a dominant threshold in the whole structure of model. It divides the cube into three triangular area, the one with the big openning, the inner area and the solid area. It strengthens the concept of equilateral triangular, but also adds the diversity of shape in this model. In other way of placing, it can also used as an interesting window.

Inner area but with various of opening. Based on different way of placing, it conveys different sense of encapulating for the figures inside.

18

19

SOLID AND VOID

Photography of exploraation of occupy space

The angle of tetrahedron can create an area that suit for users to enter in and experience. And regarding of the big opening that may be appropriate to be regarded as window, it leads to the threshold that would affect visitors’time of remaining. The sunlight that enter through it conveys a cozy atmosphere and form a clear light zone.

If the side that contains small triangular openings can be regarded as roof of pavillion, it would be a good element that contribute to the decouration of pavillion by creating beautiful patterns on the ground.

20

As the scale was based on human figures, the big opening can be also utilized in numerous position. For example, siting at the edge should be a suitable and comfortable position.

The edge of opening is stable, and the bevel edge of the tetrahedron formed the extending eave that also contribute to confort.

The extending eave should be one of the dominant thresholds in the model. It is a well-designed roof but also the wall that define different space. work with the sunlight, it forms the outer shady area for the pavillion.

21

More position of occupying space cna be explored by users in different ages. And the changing of placing model increase the amount of possibilities.

If the roof of last picture is placed as the wall, the small opennings and long bar-opening can work as another types of threshold. And the edges of structure can be occupied by leaning or seating. It probably would divide the users into different age groups based on its heights and structure, as the young users could be really creative, and their heights are various.

Appendix

laser cutting waffle photos

23

Appendix

Circulation&Threshold

Isometric 1:30 0

1000

3000mm

Threshold

The waffles could be the barriers that devide the inner area into various spaces. The hollow panels can affect the sunlights and create the shadows in different area of model. As the lowest level would affect the movement most, these parts were highlighted. circulation(pace) circulation(flow)

A certain amount of movement could be achieved around the whole structure. The panels can also be the support for the upflow movement.

The time of remaining may be affectted by structure or scale. As inner area is occuppied by waffles, more people may choose to saty outside. The utilization of lowest panels can affect the time as well.

24

Appendix

Makerbot screenshots

The final 3d pring group of mine took me 5h 27m, which took about 52.63g materials. I have arranged the models in the certain direction that save time and materials, however, the supporting material was really difficult to removed in that arrangement. It is important for me to think more about it next time.

25