Finaljournal 531751 siyuli

STUDIO: AIR 2013

SIYU LI 1

CONTENTS PART A. EOI I: CASE FOR INNOVATION A.0

INTRODUCTION

A.1

ARCHITECTURE AS DISCOURSE

A.2

COMPUTATIONAL ARCHITECTURE

A.3

PARAMETRIC MOLDELING

A.4

ALGORITHMIC EXPLORATION

A.5

CONCLUSTION

A.6

LEARNING OUTCOMES

PART B. EOI II: EXPRESS OF INTEREST B.1

DESIGN FOCUS

B.2

CASE STUDY 1.0

B.3

CASE STUDY 2.0

B.4

TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT

B.5

TECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPES

B.6

TECHNIQUE PROPOSAL

B.7

ALGORITHMIC EXPLORATION

B.8

LEARNING OBJECTIVES & OUTCOMES

PART C. EOI III: PROJECT POPOSAL C.1

GATEWAY PROJECT: DESIGN CONCEPT

C.2

GATEWAY PROJECT: TECTONIC ELEMENTS

C.3

GATEWAY PROJECT: FINAL MODEL

C.4

ALGORITHMIC EXPLORATION

C.5

LEARNING OBJECTIVES & OUTCOMES

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PART A. CASE FOR INNOVATION

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A.0.0 INTRODUCTION

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his is my third year in university, but second year of studying architecture major subjects. I was born in China, and this is my fifth year in Melbourne. I like drawing since I was young, and it is the initial push for me choosing architecture as my major.

However, architecture is more complex than just drawing some pretty things and it is difficult to learn.

My experience with digital tool is few. I leaned Rhino from a subject named Visual Communication. And some experience with AutoCAD as well. The digital tools did not help much in my past “architecture learning experiences�. And I believe after I go through Studio Air, they will become the very important part of my architecture learning process.

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A.1.1 ARCHITECTURE AS DISCOURSE

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efore I really get into this course, I am just like one of the people that Richard Williams talked about in his article (Richard, 2005), who regard architecture as art. But when I learn more about architecture, I realized that it is not just about art, but multi-discipline. By using Williams’ words again, ARCHITECTURE IS DISCOURSE (Richard, 2005).

Architecture is never simply one thing, but crosses many different fields to become to something. Back to the ancient time, architecture is just a thing with 4 basic elements: HEARTH, ROOF, ENCLOSURE and ROOF. As our civilization developed, architecture starts to relate to many other aspects such as arts, politics, social and culture. If we look close to today, architecture is significantly related to our urban development, for example the urban sprawl issue in Melbourne. Architecture is not just about the building or design concept, but it is shaped by many other factors. As Richard Williams suggests in his article that architecture is something in which all can participate (Richard, 2005, pp108).

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A.1.2 PRECEDENT PROJECT CHURCH OF LIGHT Architect: Tadao Ando Location: Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan Project Year: 1989 (second phase 1999)

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hurch of Light is one of my favorite architectures. It is located in a residential suburb in Ibaraki, Osaka, which is a typical Japanese urban environment. Ando uses simple rectangular boxes and some panels (fig. 1.1) to play with light and shadow to create a space with special atmosphere. The fundamental layout of the church responses to architecture as discourse, as it contributes to the external environment and uses the natural light to divide and emphasis the space.

As a Christian church, it also shows its original intention through its structure and layout. The cross-shaped opening is the best explanation of its function and character (as a church). The light and shadow that created by the overlaying and positions of concrete panels are powerful (fig. 1.2). The sense of lightness and darkness purely shows in the church. Architecture transmits information, and creates feelings as well. And it also shows the special Japanese architecture characters such as minimalism, connected with nature and ZEN spirit.

Minimalism crosses many fields, and in Architecture field, Tadao Ando is one of the critically acclaimed minimalist architects. The materials that used in the church emphasize the minimalism character. Concrete panel with no ornament and the only decoration comes from the natural light. It looks simple, but all the aesthetic aspects all hidden in the details as Andrew Kroll says in his article, “ As a modern, minimalist structure the Church of the Light emits an architectural purity that is found in the details� (Andrew Kroll, 2011).

Nature is always a part of Japanese architecture. Tadao Ando as well has concerns with connecting nature to the church. He put green in the detail (fig.

1.3). Everything within the church seems to be meticulous and organized. This kind of attitude may belong to the ZEN spirit.

6 FIG. 1.2 cross-shaped opening

Church of Light is one of Tadao Ando’s signature architectural works, and it is also the example of architecture as discourse.

It shows how different characters, parameters and elements can mix together to form an architecture which is not only an architecture but a representation of architect, environment, and culture.

FIG.1.1 simple box forms a special space

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A.1.3 PRECEDENT PROJECT NINGBO HISTORICAL MUSEUM Architect: Wang Shu Location: Ningbo, China

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FIG.1.4 south facade of the museum

FIG.1.5 claasical landscape picture sense

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ingbo Historic Museum is another favorite project of mine, and I am also proud of Wang Shu who is the first Chinese Pritzker price winner. The overview of Ningbo Historic Museum is like a segment of a mountain that sits on a rectangular box. This simple shape is stately and powerful. The south façade of the museum is totally a 2D vision (fig.1.4), which is like a picture of abstract Chinese mountain. This is the first cultural element that Wang Shu endued to the building. With the consideration of people’s responses, he lowered the height of each corner (Wang Shu, 2009). He treats the whole architecture as a picture, and concerns the view from each site. In Wang Shu’s own words, he wants to differ the meaning of “form” in Western and Eastern culture.

Western architects usually emphasize the shape of architecture, but he likes to emphasize the meaning of the form. He also referred to many Chinese classical landscape drawing and classical poem,

and this is the second cultural elements that Wang Shu added into the museum (Wang Shu, 2009). The material of this building is special. Both Ningbo Historic Museum and Ningbo Museum of Art are constructed of locally salvaged materials. Those salvaged material represents the change of a city. The impressive façade emphasizes the “the new regional style” (Karissa Rosenfield, 2012). That is the third thing that Wang Shu gave to the Museum. Wang Shu’s architecture is really an explanation of Architecture as Discourse, and it successfully incorporates multisocial, cultural, aesthetic, and also local elements in one piece of work.

FIG.1.6 lacally salvaged materials

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REFERENCE Andrew, Kroll (2011). ‘AD Classics: Church of the Light / Tadao Ando’, in Archi Daily. Viewed 28th March, 2012, < http://www.archdaily.com/101260/ad-classics-church-of-the-light-tadao-ando/> Carlos, Zeballos (2010). ‘Tadao Ando: Church of Light’, in My Architectural Moleskine. Viewed 28th March,2012. http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com.au/2010/10/tadao-ando-church-of-light. html Karissa, Rosenfield (2012), WSJ names Wang Shu “Innovator of the year 2012”, in Archi Daliy.

Viewed 29th March http://www.archdaily.com/286944/wsj-names-wang-shu-innovator-of-the-year-2012/ Wang, Shu (2009), Zi ran xing tai de xu shi yu jihe, Nibong bo wu guan zhuang zuo bi ji (xia).

Time+ Architecture Magazine, 2009, vol.3.

Williams, Richard (2005). ‘Architecture and Visual Culture’, in Exploring Visual Culture: Definitions, Concepts, Contexts, ed. by Matthew Rampley (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press), pp. 102116.

Yan (2012), Ningbo Historical Museum/ Wang Shu, in ikuku.cn, viewed 29th March 2012 http://www.ikuku.cn/697/%E5%AE%81%E6%B3%A2%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86%E7% 8E%8B%E6%BE%8D.html

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FIG.1.3 natural aspect of church of light in detial

A.2.1 COMPUTATIONAL ARCHITECTURE

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esigning process is like a problem solving process. The innovation of computation aid tool is helping the designer solve the problem efficiently.

Firstly, the computation design process provides us a “design space” (R.F. Woodbury & A. L. Burrow, 2005). It is like a piece of blank paper, but it has unlimited boundary and it allows design actions happen inside the space. Design actions occur base on the past experiences of the designer, therefore, the senior design always have a wider breadth think than learners. The difference between a digital design space and traditional pencil and paper is that the digital tools allow people to see as many as possible possibilities of the solution or outcomes of a problem. Such as in Grasshopper, you just simply slid the slider, different possibilities of a shape show just right in front of your eyes (fig 2.1).

Secondly, the difference between “computerization” and “computation” is explained by architects Brady Peters and Xavier De Kestelier. Computerization is using computer aid tool as an editor or virtual drafting board, but Computation “means the use of the computer to process information through an understood model which can be expressed as an algorithm” (B.Peter & X. D. Kestelier, 2013, pp10). Designers should represent their idea through algorithm thinking, which means that they should understand the processes that lead to a final result, and can change one element to achieve another possibility.

Finally, computation makes designers create something that even beyond their imagination.

When people are tired about the box-like skyscraper, computation brings some brand new things to the architectural world.

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A.2.2 PRECEDENT PROJECT INFINITY TOWER Project Completion Year: 2013 Design Completion Year: 2006 Site Area: 3,026.50 m2 Project Area: 1,200,000 ft2 Number of Stories: 73 Building Height: 307 m

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nfinity Tower is a great example of a new type skyscraper which only can achieve with computation method. The major design concept of the tower is shape twisting to sky, and each floor is rotated 1.2 degree to create a full 90 degree twist from bottom to top (Lisa Wronski, 2013) (fig 2.1). Each individual column is the finite element (B.Peter & X. D. Kestelier, 2013, pp14), and many of them form the unique twisting structure. Each of the columns has its individual parameter, and they can be altered easily with the computation process.

Moreover, the success of Infinity Tower is the collaboration of architects and engineers. The powerful twisting structure is made of cast-in-place reinforced concrete and the concrete is clad with metal to protect the inside part. And it is designed to bear any external load that applied on the tower. The twisting shape also creates shades for sunshine. It is the tallest twisting tower in the world.

In addition, the expression of structure as architecture exterior skin is another unique character of this tower (SOM, 2013). Traditional buildings are more like to hide its structure under its skin, but as technology developed, new types of material and construction method appeared. Those developments are parallel or even further than the development of computation design, and they allow the structure and frame of the building to be exposure, and still matins the aesthetic aspect. For example, the 3D print technology is widely used recently (fig 2.4), and it shows the future attempt of computation design will become more and more popular and piratical.

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Project Awards 2011 • Architect Magazine • R + D Award 2008 • Chicago Athenaeum • International Architecture Award 2008 • Chicago Athenaeum • American Architecture Award 2007 • Arabian Property Awards • Best High Rise Architecture 2007 • International Property Awards • Best International High Rise Architecture 2006 • Arabian Property Awards • Architecture, Multiple Units

FIG.2.1 twisting of the tower

FIG.2.2 structure & material

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A.2.3 PRECEDENT PROJECT SERPENTINE CALLERY PAVILION 2002 Architects: Toyo Ito, Cecil Balmond, Arup Location: Kensington Gardens, London, UK Area: 309.76 sqm Year: 2002

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erpentine Gallery Pavilion that designed by Toyo Ito, Cecil Balmond and Arup is another example of computation design in a relatively small scale. The random like and complex patterns are actually generated by an algorithm of a cube (Sebastian, 2013) (fig2.3). They start with a square plan volume, and Balmond proposed an algorithm called “dancing columns” that can alter the shape of the volume.

It is really a combination work of architect and engineer. The different background of them makes more possibilities of shape and space. And when Toyo Ito ask Balmond about algorithm, Balmond said: “He told me that randomness human beings are able to conceive is limited, and that things we had not imagined are more likely to occur using algorithms.” That is also an explanation of computation design. Balmond’s well design algorithm makes the structure, shape and skin into one thing for the pavilion.

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“ randomness human beings are able to conceive is limited, and that things we had not imagined are more likely to occur using algorithms” Cecil Balmond

FIG.2.3 algorthmic of a cube

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REFERENCE Brady, Peters (2013) ‘The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, Volume 83, Issue 2, p.2-15.

SOM homepage, Infinity Tower,Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Viewed 29th March. https://www.som.com/project/infinity-tower Sebastian Jordana, ‘Serpentine Gallery Pavilion 2002/ Toyo Ito + Cecil Balmond + Arup’, Arch Daily. Viewed 29th March. http://www.archdaily.com/344319/serpentine-gallery-pavilion-2002-toyo-ito-cecil-balmond-arup/ Woodbury, Robert F. and Andrew L. Burrow (2006). ‘Whither design space?’, Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, 20, 2, pp. 63-82

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A.3.1 PARAMETRIC MODLELING

Parametric Modeling”, is another undefined term after “Architecture as Discourse”. The mathematical explanation of parametric that introduced by Daniel Davis is straight forward and most objective. Two major advantages I learned from the lecture are: firstly parametric modeling is about controlling, and it is about controlling in very detail. Secondly, it improves the efficiency of changing a design.

Modernism of architecture is about reducing elements from traditional architecture.

Geometric shapes, skyscrapers and speed appear on the modern architecture. Parametric modeling differs from them, and it tends to focus on micro-scale. One millimeter movement of the window structure in Sagrada Familia means whole movement of the structure.

Everything relates to each other in a very close way. In this case, parametric modeling allows us change things in detail efficiently, but it also has the limitation with too detail to tell for people who are not the model maker. But it is still benefits, and it truly turns some impossible structure or new structure into reality. Parametric modeling allows designer to change the design without starting again with some draft sketch. That is important as people these day are really busy and everything tends to move faster.

Patrik Schumacher claims Parametricism as a style. This statement is still argued by many people, and my understanding is that parametric architecture is definitely something new.

When I look at the picture of Zaha Hadid’s work, the feeling is different with looking at other contemporary architecture. They are attractive, and they look like “future”. The lines of the building are flowing, and the softness that created by the flowing is comforting.

And flowing shape represents speed, as I said before, the parametric architecture looks “faster” than modern architecture. And they also represent efficiency, as the structure also creates the skin. A seamless aspect is created by such big size structure, this fact is amazing.

I believe in the future, parametric modeling will be widely used. It was used mostly in commercial projects recently, but in the future (5 years?) it will be used in residential buildings as well. Because more and more architects and studios adopt parametric modeling in their design process, it means that parametric model will become more practical. Urbanization and mega-city are the factors that push residential building use parametric modeling. Highrise apartment or multi-function (both residential and commercial) buildings are suitable for using parametric modeling.

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A.3.2 PRECEDENT PROJECT YAS HOTEL

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as Hotel is chosen as my first example of parametric modeling, because it has the spirit of speed and movement which are the central idea of my understanding of parametric architecture. The two separated hotel tower are like two accelerating sport cars that toward in different directions, and the steel structure, and glass panel are stressed by both of them to create a curvilinear form that passing above the Formula 1 track (fig. 3.1). The grid shell is the most representative part of parametric architecture. The glass panel creates the diamond shape pattern which comes from the ancient Islamic art and craft traditions. This re-creation gives another meaning to parametric modeling, which says that parametric modeling is not only about future, but also a way to reflect the culture. Without parametric modeling, the diamond pattern may not be created in this way. The grid shell 18

Location: Abu Dhabi, UAE Architect: Asymptote - Hani Rashid + Lise Anne Couture Client: Aldar Properties PJSC Size: 85,000 sqm Start: November 2007 Completion: October 2009

dose gives the building more aesthetic feeling, and it creates some connection with the surrounding environment. However, if the grid shell is removed, what the building would look like?

Is the shell really necessary in the functional aspect of the building?

It is more like the traditional architecture with the separate structure and skin, which the skin normally makes the building a whole. But in some other parametric architecture, for example the work of Zaha Hadid, the structure and skin become to one thing. The seamless composition allows the parametric architecture represents speed, flow and future

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A.3.3 PRECEDENT PROJECT GALAXY SOHO

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aha Hadidâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work mostly represents parametric architecture, and they are all in the eye-catching forms. Galaxy Soho is a good example of having architecture discourse in the parametric architecture. This project is firstly inspired by the Chinese courtyard form. Especially it locates in Beijing where is famous with the traditional courtyard. However, when I look at the model of the building, I do not associate with courtyard. The complexity that made by the curved shape distributes me of seeing its originality.

And the traditional courtyard is square and in order, but Galaxy Soho is totally in the opposite way which is curve and free from. But the plan actually tells some of the courtyard story. It has 6 courtyards inside, and the structure is continues which is similar with the traditional courtyard. On the other hand, the plan of Galaxy Soho reminds me another character of parametric modeling.

Parametric modeling focus on the micro-scale and the plan of Galaxy Soho is like an animal cell, which is flowing, and dynamic. It look like shaped by both internal and external environment. This kind of flowing lines can only generated by parametric modeling, because every point is look like flowing and moving. Only parametric model that controls in detail could make this shape.

Another inspiration comes from Chinese terrace. This is easy to identify as the terrace forms the skin of the structure. And the distances between each layer of the terrace are only controlled by parametric modeling as well. The great natural phenomenal is recreated by parametric modeling, which can be considered as architecture discourse.

In this case, the parametric architecture does not show fast speed, and it is more like a loop (because the circle shape). Everything slows down, and starts to interact with each other. The interconnection of the whole structure is humanization and functional.

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terraces & flow

Architects: Zaha Hadid Architects Location: Soho, Beijing, China Architects In Charge: Zaha Hadid & Patrik Schumache Area: 332857.0 sqm Year: 2012

plan of Galaxy Soho: Courtyard Associtation

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REFERENCE Patrik Schumacher, “Patrik Schumacher on parametricism-‘let the style wars begin’”. Viewed 29th March. http://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/the-critics/patrik-schumacher-on-parametricism-let-thestyle-wars-begin/5217211.article “The Yas Hotel by Asymptote”, de zeen magazine, viewed 29th March. http://www.dezeen.com/2009/05/14/the-yas-hotel-by-asymptote/ The Yas Hotel/ Asymptote, Arch Daily, viewed 29th March. http://www.archdaily.com/43336/the-yas-hotel-asymptote/ “Yas Hotel”, arc space, viewed 29th March. http://www.arcspace.com/features/asymptote-architecture/yas-hotel/ Galaxy Soho, China web site, viewed 29th March 29 http://galaxysoho.sohochina.com/design Zaha Hadid Architects, viewed 29th March http://www.zaha-hadid.com/architecture/galaxy-soho/

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GALAXY SOHO ZAHA HADID

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A.4 ALGORITHMIC EXPLORATION

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ccording to the last few weeks study and research, computation architecture tends to be the most important type of architecture in the future. Therefore, computer software such as Grasshopper and Rhino are significant for contemporary architects. My exploration of Grasshopper and Rhino is still shallow, and the examples of my algorithmic sketches showed on left are some attempt in the architectural sense.

First Sketch

The first one shows how grasshopper can offset multi-curves. Although it looks simple, but some of the buildings may have structure panels like them.

And Grasshopper can easily offset all of them in few simple steps. Without Grasshopper, we can only use Rhino offset them one by one which is very inefficient. Each of the panels is controlled by individual grid planer, which can be easily changed as well.

The second one shows a surface. This kind of surface could appear in any structures or skins of structure. It was made of curves, and a grid control planer is applied to those curves by Grasshopper.

Then, we can evaluate each point on the curves and loft the curves to form a surface. The direction of the formation can change by changing the direction of the control points as well.

Second Sketch 24

From the algorithmic practice with Grasshopper and Rhino, the structure (curves) and skin (surface) are formed together. Therefore, the future computation architectures should have the structure and skin as one thing, not two separated parts.

GEOtube Building Grows Its Own Structure and Skin from Sea Salt Faulders Studioâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work, GEO tube It uses local materil (sea water & salt) to grow its skin on the structure.

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A.5 CONCLUSION

fter study and research of computation architecture, and algorithmic exploration, I will argue that structure is the new skin of architecture. The modernism movement made architects abandoned the complex ornamentation of a building, and they chose to use glass and steel to represent speed of the new age. For now, people tend to move faster, therefore, our architecture is representing faster and efficient. Combining structure and skin as one thing can achieve the fluid and seamless view of architecture. And it is more natural to reveal the structure of a building. Hiding the structure by some extra constructing and material is wasting time and money, and it is the 1990s method to make architecture. Having the structure as the skin is sustainable, efficient and natural. It will benefits the investor and our natural environment, but it will be a challenge for architect to have aesthetic within the structure, not relying a beautiful skin to cover the inside framework. However, the computation design is very helpful with this challenge. Improvement of both technology and concept is the core of the future development of architecture.

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A.6 LEARNING OUTCOMES

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omputation design is the tendency for future. The design process has always been considered as a problem solving process; therefore computation design is a very useful tool for helping designer solves complex problems. Architecture is not only about the building itself, but it is discourse. In this case, computation design also helps designers to explore more possibilities, hence to have a comprehensive design outcome.

My understanding of architectural computing developed a lot from last few weeks. I understand the difference between computation design and computerization design. Before this subject, I can only use few computerization skills in my design process. And learning computation design and algorithmic thinking are interesting and helpful. Studying the precedent projects are helpful as well, it provides the opportunity to learn from the masters.

If I could use computation design last year with my Water Studio, the organic shape of the boathouse could be more flexible and fluid. When I studied some of Kazuyo Sejimaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work last year, I was wondering how could she come to such organic and irregular shapes; and how could this â&#x20AC;&#x153;random-likeâ&#x20AC;? shape been built. This year with Air studio, the solution appears with computation design.

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GEOtube Building

GEOtube Building , structure & skin

GEOtube Building

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PART B. DESIGN APPROACH

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B.0. DISCOURSE TOPIC

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rom Part A exploration, we formed our own discourse topic and we choose to focus on major two topics during the group work. The first one is “Structure is the new skin of architecture”. This topic highlights the importance of efficiency in the architectural sense. It fits into the sectioning technology as the sectioning quality allows a structure to be both self-supported and aesthetic. And the topic also celebrates the reveal of the truth of material. Sectioning separates a solid volume, but still keeps the continuity of the shape. This fact makes the true material easily to be seen. Therefore, sectioning is the suitable exploration of the topic that says “structure is the new skin of architecture.”

The second topic we focus on is “Architecture should response to the surrounding environment.” This topic brings us the first the contextual thinking. We have to consider the surrounding landscape of a specific site, and also the culture of a place can be considered as part of the external environment of the architecture. Within sectioning, both considerations could be achieved. Sectioning is flexible which can easily response to the physical landscape, and it is also can be varied by adding in culture elements such as image-display or creation of visual effect.

We want to explore our discourse topic by using sectioning technique, and also link our topics with the Wyndham City. And the computation method will help us to achieve the objects.

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B. 1. DESIGN FOCUS SUMMARY

WHY SECTION?

1. Section can be flexible, therefore easy to adapt and respond to the existing

landscape and environment, creating insteresting spatial experience and encouraging people to explore.

2. Section can play with continuity and discontinuity, shadow and light, producing dramatic visual effects, attracting peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s attention to the area.

3. Section as a whole can stand by itself without other support, and present a sculpcture-like appearance, thus can create an icon that conveys the local art culpture.

4. Section is easy to be prefabricated and assembled on site. The whole design process can be done digitally, contributing to the new architectural discourse, digital morphosis.

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GROUP ARGUMENT

B

ase on the previous exploration of â&#x20AC;&#x153;architecture as discourseâ&#x20AC;?, our group decided to focus on SECTIONING. Sectioning is chosen as the approach for the project because it can provide special visual experience of movement. The dynamic visual experience leads to the continuality of the structure that emphasizes the concept of speed. On the other hand, the sectioning also allows the flexibility to respond to the surrounding environment. And under the sectioning approach, the structure is easy fabricated which is more efficient and economic.

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B. 1.2 PRECEDENT PROJECT SUMMARY - VISUAL EFFECT

PRECEDENT 1. BanQ RESTAURANT

1. Continuous curvilinear line against the shaded ceiling background give a sense of constrast driving the attetion of the eyes all the way along the curvy lines, hence evoke a visual effect of movement.

2 . Wide spreading plywood pieces integrate the whole space, raising an artistic and aesthetic feeling.

1.Dynamic form that respond to spatial arrangement.

2. Play with continuity and discontinuity, void and solid, producing an astonishing visual effect and a sense of movement.

3. Prefabriction.

PRECEDENT 2. ONE MAIN STREET

1. Fluid contour lines creating a dynamic form but sculptural appearance 2. Self-supporting.

3.Changing all the way from different perspectives,creating dynamic and interesting spatial experience, encouraging viewers to explore and investigate.

PRECEDENT 3. AA DRIFT WOOD PAVILLION 32

B. 1.3 PRECEDENT PROJECT SUMMARY - CONSTRUCTION This

PRECEDENT 3. ICD/ITKE RESEARCH PAVILLION

structure is designed base on the biological structure research. In term of its construction, it firstly successfully constructed due to the structure which the polygonal plates are linked by the fingerlike components at the edge; and secondly the 6.5mm thick thin sheet of plywood is the only useable material due to its special structure design.

Therefore, from the study of this precedent, we have learned that the relationship between material and structure is significant.

From

this precedent, we focused on how the individual part connects to the ground and how the connection between two or multiple parts connects.

However, this is a relatively small scale pavilion which does not have to bear too much load. In our case, the gateway is a large structure, we have to transfer and develop further with its construction methods.

PRECEDENT 4. AA BAD HAIR PAVILLION

Waffle

structure is the way that we tried to use during the design process as it seems to be stable and suitable for the sectioning structure. But every junction of the horizontal and vertical partitions needs structural member to keep them together.

And this system only works well when the junction is perpendicular, less flexible.

PRECEDENT 5. METROPOL PARASOL 33

B. 2. CASE STUDY 1.0 B.2.1 PRECEDENT PROJECT BanQ Restaurant Formal name of project: BanQ Location: Boston, Massachusetts Completion Date: February 2008 Owner: Mark Raab and Hemant Chowdhry of SOWA Restaurant Group, LLC Architect: Office dA, Inc.

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he restaurant is located at an old bank hall building, and in order to hide building infrastructures the striated wood-slatted system is developed. The system occupies the ceiling area and â&#x20AC;&#x153;dripsâ&#x20AC;? to the dining spaces as well. The mass is cut into section and using the rib-like fragments. This sectioning strategy provides flexibility to the space, and every piece of sections can be generated separately.

According to Beth Broome, there is no two pieces are alike. And even the location of each piece is unique. Those unique parameters formulate the continuous member, and the continuous members respond to the ceiling topography as well.

This ceiling project is definitely eye-catching and interesting, and the continuous member also provides a visual effect of movement. For the Wyndham City Gateway project, the arrival experience is highlighted. In this case, the movement effect can make the experience interesting. And the sense of dynamic and motion can also be interpreted with the design.

From this precedent, some characteristics of sectioning are explored. And those characters such as movement, continuality and flexibility make sectioning to be the right approach for the Wyndham City Gateway project.

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B.2.2 MATRIX Explaination In the Grasshopper definition of this project, the ceiling topography is proved as the basic surface, and section lines are created by a separated curve. This curve determines the direction of the section lings. After extrude from the section lines, each individual piece of â&#x20AC;&#x153;ribsâ&#x20AC;? that formed the ceiling in the restaurant is created.

Fitness Criteria Movement & Dynamic (M) - this criteria focuses on the visual effect Flexibility (F) - this criteria focuses on the Self-supporting (SS) - this criteria relates to the febracation of the structure Sculpture - like (SL) - this criteria focuses on the both interesting-look shape and meaningful shape

(M) Low (F) Low (SS) High (SL) Low

(M) Mid (F) Low (SS) High (SL) Low (M) Mid (F) Low (SS) High (SL) Low

(M) High (F) Mid (SS) High (SL) Mid

(M) Low (F) Mid (SS) High (SL) Low

Levels Low Mid High 36

(M) Low (F) Mid (SS) High (SL) Low

(M) Low (F) Low (SS) High (SL) Low

(M) Mid (F) Mid (SS) High (SL) Low

(M) Low (F) Low (SS) High (SL) Low

(M) Mid (F) Mid (SS) High (SL) Low

(M) Mid (F) Mid (SS) High (SL) Low

(M) High (F) Mid (SS) High (SL) Low

(M) Mid (F) Mid (SS) High (SL) Low

(M) Low (F) Low (SS) High (SL) Low

(M) Mid (F) Low (SS) High (SL) Low

(M) Low (F) Mid (SS) High (SL) Low

(M) Mid (F) Low (SS) High (SL) Low

(M) High (F) High (SS) High (SL) Low 37

(M) Mid (F) High (SS) High (SL) Low

(M) High (F) Mid (SS) Mid (SL) Low

(M) High (F) Mid (SS) High (SL) Low

(M) High (F) Mid (SS) Mid (SL) Mid

(M) High (F) Mid (SS) High (SL) Mid

(M) High (F) Mid (SS) High (SL) Mid

(M) High (F) Mid (SS) High (SL) Mid

(M) Mid (F) Mid (SS) Mid (SL) Mid

Analysis (M) Low (F) Mid (SS) Low (SL) Mid

(M) Mid (F) Mid (SS) Mid (SL) Mid 38

F

rom analyzing the outcomes of the Grasshopper Definition with the selected criteria, we realize that Sectioning is easy to achieve Self-supporting and dynamic visual effect. But some of the forms are not flexible because the distance between sections and the degree of the waves are controlled by parameters which are not easy to change for example the Sampler. The most unsatisfied criteria is Sculpture-Like as it requires more research of the Wyndham City culture and the site analysis.

B.2.3 OUTCOMES

(M) High (F) Mid (SS) High (SL) Mid

T

he variable heights of each section piece create the wave-like surface which is dynamic.

Part of the surface is compressed, and part of the surface is loose. This difference creates the sense of flexibility. But the sculpture-like criteria is still unclear.

(M) High (F) Mid (SS) High (SL) Mid

T

he second outcome has more obvious wave than the first one. The distance between each section changes with the increasing of number of sections.

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B. 3. CASE STUDY 2.0 One Main Street dECOi Architect 2011

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B.3.1 PRECEDENT PROJECT Re-engineered One Main Street dECOi Architects 2011 Design Intend of This Project

d

ECOi Architectsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; project OneMain Street is another important precedent. It is the interior design of the ceiling.

The design creates a continuous surface with wave-like shape to response to the internal space. It also provides a fluid and movement visual effect of the space. More important, all visible elements of the design is fabricated as stacked sectional elements, which means that this kind of visual effect can be achieved by sectioning technology easily and fast.

The material of this design is entirely wood trees, which creates an eco-friendly and natural feeling and atmosphere for the space. The arcs and curves of the ceiling are very fluid and dynamic. Rather than using some modern material, timber makes them look natural and soft.

In the Wyndham City Gateway project, Wyndham city is a place where people can enjoy beautiful nature, and interesting outdoor activities. Therefore, timber could be the choice for the gateway material. Using traditional material with the most modern design technique could create a special harmony to represent the spirit of Wyndham City.

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B.3.2 OUTCOMES

Outcome 1

Outcome 4

Outcome 5

Analysis Outcome 2

Outcome 3 42

T

he original definition comes from case study 1, and the similarities of those two projects are they both are the interior components and have the main function as ceiling. One Main Street does not provide the â&#x20AC;&#x153;dripsâ&#x20AC;? visual effect as BanQ Restaurant, but its waves change in a smaller degree and the sections mimic the natural grain of wood. Therefore, when re-creating the One Main Street, the major parameters which generate the sections are reserved but the number sliders that control the degree of waves are changed. As well as the base surface is changed as well.

B. 4. Technique: Development B.4.1 MATRIX A

B

C Development

F

rom the analysis of precedent and the development with Grasshopper definition, the fact that section can provide a dynamic visual effect is proofed. According to the brief, Wyndham City is a fast growing city. In this case, the dynamic visual effect could emphases this fact of Wyndham. Our group firstly wants to create a â&#x20AC;&#x153;wingâ&#x20AC;? shape to represent the dynamic property of Wyndham.

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D

E

F

F

rom this matrix, we firstly test how sections can form a meaningful shape, and how the individual section could affect each other. (The number of sections are changed, as well as the rotating degree), Part A & C. Then we test change the cutting direction, instead of cutting horizontally, the section is cut vertically, Part B & D. In addition of part E & F, we try to work out what kind of images that each section could provide by highlighting one side of the image.

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B.4.2 OUTCOMES

T

he outcome that we selected is the one that we think satisfy some degree of our criteria. Firstly, the shape is generated by sections. The gaps that are created by each sections frame the front view of the road. As the highway does not have any interesting view for the driver, the vertical sectioning could provide some picture-like view for the driver. Secondly, the shape is dynamic by rotate some of the sections few degree according to the original shape that we create (the wing shape). However, this initial idea seems to be random and does not have relation with the Wyndham City. It was just the start of the design process.

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B. 5. Technique: Prototypes B. 5.1 Prototypes A

W

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e made the testing model of the Wing shape design to test its structural ability.

The sectioning quality allows it provide the sense of movement. As the size of each section increases, the view is attracted to the end. But the structure is very unstable, and it almost cannot stand by itself. This defect pushes us to explore more about the basic shape. And more considerations with material and construction methods are needed.

B. 5.2 Prototypes B

T

he second prototype tests the different section-cut directions, and it also inspired us about the wave-like shape of the model. The wave-like shape seems to be more stable than the previous one. And the shading that is created by the sectioning wave is more interesting. This prototype extends the design space of our exploration.

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B. 6. Technique Proposal B. 6.1 Research of Wyndham

W

yndham City is a fast growing city with the distinct features about natural, culture, social and history. Recent years, the city has supported some public art activities such as public sculptures. People start to associate Wyndham City with its successful art culture.

The gateway project is aiming to create a landmark for Wyndham that could represent the city culture.

In this case, we want to focus on the art culture this city and to create something that could create resonance with this feature. Some wellknow art projects are for example the Pop 48

Ups event (fig.B6.1). This event collects the inflatable artworks, and they have been located in varies places to allow more people to join into this event. Especially in the Bubble Up project, it represents what people think of Wyndham – “Growth, Diversity and Change”.

In our design project, we really want to create something that can bring the same positive image for Wyndham. More than just the art culture of the city is important to us the diversity of the city is also attractive. Wyndham City is growing from the rural based place to a multifeatured city. This kind of change is the thing that we want to show in our design. At the same

In our design project, we really want to create something that can bring the same positive image for Wyndham. More than just the art culture of the city is important to us the diversity of the city is also attractive.

Wyndham City is growing from the rural based place to a multi-featured city. This kind of change is the thing that we want to show in our design. At the same time, we do not want to lose the natural spirit of the fig. B6.1 Pop Ups city as well.

NATURAL FACTS OF WYNDHAM

Werribee River

Wynhham Harbour

Heathdale Wetlands

K Road Cliffs

and MORE...

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B. 6.2 Design Concpet

“wave”, nature

B

“section”, arts

ase on our exploration of sectioning technology and the research on Wyndham City, we want to create a gateway that represents both “natural spirit” and the “art culture” of Wyndham City. The basic form, Wave represents the nature, and the visual effect that is created by sectioning represents art.

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B. 6.3 Model Display

“wave”, nature

“section”, arts

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B. 7. Algorithimic Sketches

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B. 8. Learning Objectives & Outcome

T

he Mid-semester presentation was very helpful and critical for our design process.

The major and most important problem with our design is that the design concept of our design did not well communicate with the audience. In other words, it may be unclear and weak. We need to develop a stronger concept, and we have to find out a way to present the concept clear and comprehensive. The second problem is about the communication skills. We did not arrange the presentation slide well, and the pictures are not suitable for a formal presentation. One general problem is that lacking connection with Wyndham City. We want to focus on multiple issues and facts with Wyndham City, but none of them is strong and clear enough to support our argument and design concept. We will focus on this part in part C development. Material choice and construction methods are very important, and we will consider more about in the further development.

In Part B assignment, we are to put our Part A research into practice. We studied the precedent in more practical way, and re-engineered the precedent by using parametric modeling method. This is the first attempt for most of us in the digital design world, and it was hard but interesting. Exploring the design space and possibility is also difficult, but the Matrix exploration is helpful. Matrix helps us develop the logical thinking, and helps us to record the design process. The exploration process is more important than the final outcome, as when we are exploring we are learning.

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REFERENCE “AA Summer Pavilions”, AA Design and Make, Viewed 9th May 2013. http://designandmake.aaschool.ac.uk/?page_id=300 BanQ/ Office dA, Archi Daily, Viewed 9th May 2013 http://www.archdaily.com/42581/banq-office-da/ OneMain Street, dECOi Architects, Viewed 9th May 2013 http://www.decoi-architects.org/2011/10/onemain/ ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion, 2011, Institute for Computational Design, University Stuttgart, Viewed 9th May, 2013 http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=6553 “Metropol Parasol // The World’s Largest Wooden Structure”, yatzer, Viewed 9th May, 2013 http://www.yatzer.com/Metropol-Parasol-The-World-s-Largest-Wooden-Structure-J-MAYER-HArchitects City of Wyndham, Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Wyndham Wyndham City Council Website, http://www.wyndham.vic.gov.au/

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PART C. PROJECT PROPOSAL

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C. 1 GATEWAY PROJECT: DESIGN CONCEPT

C. 1.1 FEEDBACK & IMPROVEMENT

C. 1.2 SITE ANALYSIS

Our group focus on two major problems

There

that were arose from the midterm presentation. The first one the concept of our design is unclear and the second one is about the shape of our design. Those two problems are truly interrelated. The changes we made in our design approach are: firstly, we rethink our design concept and tried to find more relations with the site and Wyndham City; and secondly we tried to from our design ideas firstly on paper than transfers to Rhino by using Grasshopper.

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are 3 sites, and we decided to focus on Site A as it sits between two traffic roads. The initial attempt with the position of the gateway is to achieve both “information” and “transition” purposes.

The site A could be holding the major design that can deliver the “information” that we want to people (the user of the site, mainly the driver) to perceive. As the project is asking to create a gateway for Wyndham City to attract people to come to the place, the design must have the function of advertising. Therefore, site A is a good place to put the “advertising” part of the design. At the same time, we also want to create a transition feeling for the drivers and make the “passing experience” interesting, so we decide to put something cross the road as well.

The set of design will create the multiple feelings for the users.

TRANSITION/ EXPERIENCE

INFORMATION

TRANSITION/ EXPERIENCE

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C. 1.3 DESIGN CONCEPT

NATURAL ASPECT

CULTURE & COMMUNITY

We did not give up our initial consideration

Beside

of the natural environment of Wyndham City. Wyndham is the coastal city which is bound by the second longest coast line in Australia. And Werribee the place which drives the major development of Wyndham has the famous Werribee River running through the city. Geographic feature always has an essential role to play in the formation of a local culture.

And the water system is undoubtedly the source for the spirit of the community culture in Wyndham. Hence we choose to mimic water features to remind people of the geographic features of the city and evoke the sense of community within the local people.The waving shape represents the most important natural feature of Wyndham, the sea and river.

And the flowing character of wave is also the expression of harmony.

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the wonderful natural features, Wyndham City is also characterized with the harmonious community. The “togetherness and neighborliness” is highlight within such harmonious community. Base on this important character of Wyndham City, we have our key word “HARMONY” for our design.

Therefore, we chose to use the mobuis strip to represent the word “harmony”.

The continuity of this special shape is also the expression of harmony.

Moreover, we also want to emphasize the harmony relationship between human and nature. Wyndham is a city where encourages people to go outside and enjoy the outdoor activities. Therefore, people in Wyndham not only have a harmonious community but also have the harmonious feeling with the natural environment.

WYNDHAM CITY

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C. 1.3 DESIGN CONCEPT

MOBIUS STRIP

Grasshopper Difinition with Lunch Box Plug-in.

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The grand natural features and harmonious community culture in Wyndham city encourage interactions within community members and between human and nature. New architectural developing trend also encourages interactions between people and people, and also interactions between human and nature. This new quest urges for a new relationship between internal and external space. And parametric design suggests the possibility of the blurred boundary between internal space and external space, as is shown in the case of Mobius strip.

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C. 1.3 DESIGN CONCEPT MOBIUS & SECTION

The

mobuis strip as a continuous surface blurs the internal and external environment, and the continuity of this special shape also emphasizes Harmony.

This kind of shape is hard to construct in the real world, and sectioning could be one of the solution for this problem.

Section has the ability to reform or divide a complex form into pieces of sections. In the case of mobius strip, it can divide the surface into strips to make it easy construction. In terms of material, twisting a surface is not easy but twisting a strip is much easier. Therefore, we divide our mobius shape surface into section, and we tested several different ways of sectioning.

TESTING OF SECTION 62

SIDE VIEW

FRONT VIEW 63

TOP VIEW

We finally decided to cut the section with the mobius curve; therefore each of the section is an individual mobius strip. The repeating visual effect that is created by sectioning is interesting and attracting. It can create the dramatic visual effect of motion and change. As we want to create such transition effect on the road, this kind of effect satisfies our concept. Moreover, we decided to alter the shape of the surface to make the flattest side touch the ground. In order to construct the structure, the grounding part is trimmed by the earth.

The shadows from the structure can still make the whole structure continuous.

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TRIMMED BY EARTH

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POSITION

The two minor structures are placed on the separate roads that surround site A. This position allows cars from both directions to feel the transition. And in term of the material, different materials will be used for those two structures.

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PROTOTYPE

The most difficult part of our structure is the twisting part. Every strip has different length and twisting degree. This character requires the flexibility of the material. We tested with some card board but the card board bent in the twisting part. Therefore, we chose to use the plastic sheet to build the model.

The twisting problem is solved with the plastic sheet; however the plastic sheet is lack of fixity. The built up model is really like something flowing in the air.

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C. 1.3 DESIGN CONCEPT

MOBIUS, SECTION & SCULPTURE

The middle part is the major component of our design. It delivers the information about our design concept to the drivers. Therefore, we gave it a complex shape which has the sculpture quality. The original circle shape is twisted 1.5 times in the mobius strip way. We tested twist more and the shape became more and more complex. However, we have to think about the real world construction and the 1.5 times twist is the most elegant shape. It keeps the complexity and also forms a triangle out shape by having 3 major parts. The symmetry and balance character emphasizes the word â&#x20AC;&#x153;harmonyâ&#x20AC;?.

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TOP VIEW

SIDE VIEW 70

SHADOW TEST

The combination of mobius strip and sectioning creates dramatic shadows on the ground. During the day, the sun will be the light source and the shadow will change accordingly. And during the night, both the street light and the car light can be the light source for creating interesting shadow effects.

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POSITON ON SITE

The major structure is placed on site A. It is like a sculpture that every car from both directions can see it. The structure has the aesthetic feeling as a sculpture and it represents the harmony community of Wyndham City. Its complexity of internal and external surface is also the expression of the harmonious relationship of natural environment and human community.

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C. 2 GATEWAY PROJECT: TECTONIC ELEMENT

C. 2.1 MATERIAL RESERACH We

chose to use 2 different materials to represent the transition from natural to artificial. Therefore, plywood and stainless steel are chosen. Plywood represents the natural aspect, and stainless steel represents the artificial part. We want to emphasize the change that Wyndham City has been experienced; and the middle part is the mix of those two materials, therefore the harmony between natural and artificial is once again highlighted.

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PLYWOOD . High quality . Strong, excellent bending strength . Easy machining andsurface treatment . The flexibility of the material is 1.5mm thick . Can be bent through 180 degree, this extends the range of design possibilities.

PRECEDENT

Although this pavilion is in a relatively small scale, it still shows the flexibility of plywood and the curving ability of plywood. It also provides evidence of how tow piece or multiple pieces of plywood can join together to form a long span piece.

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STAINLESS STEEL . Stainless steel is a hard and strong substance. . It is not a good conductor of heat and electricity. . Stainless steel possess high ductile strength. This means it can be easily shaped or bent or drawn in the form of wires. . Most varieties of stainless steel possess magnetic permeability. They are strongly attracted towards magnets. . It is highly resistant to corrosion. . It does not get oxidized very easily. . Stainless steel can retain its cutting edge for a long period of time. . Even at very high temperatures, stainless steel is capable of retaining its strength and resistivity towards oxidation and corrosion. . At cryogenic temperatures, stainless can remain tough PRECEDENT Gateway Arch

This

precedent shows the good ductibility of stainless steel in the large scale. And as it can resist many weathering condition, it is suitable for an outdoor structure.

On the other hand, it is a very traditional modern material which can explain the transition well.

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C. 2.1 CONSTRUCTION DESIGN PRECEDENT

This pavilion also has the mobius strip shape. In our design, the double skin construction method in Contemply Pavilion will be adopted. The special steel joints allow the twisting happen, and it is able to rotate in any degree to achieve the twist. This method will only be used in the middle structure as it has the most complex twisting. And the combination of steel joints and plywood sheet also achieves the mixed use of material in the middle part.

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CONSTRUCTION DRAWING

The plywood structure ground detial.

The plywood structure mulitple parts connections detail.

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Double skin truss detail.

DETAIL MODEL

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C. 3 GATEWAY PROJECT: FINAL MODEL

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C. 4 ALGORITHMIC EXPLORATION

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C. 5 LEARNING OBJECTIVES & OUTCOMES From the final presentation, the biggest problem of our design is the construction in the real world. Our design has twisting part which brings difficulties to the real construction work and it also requires material testing. Some guest tutor suggests that we can use grasshopper and Rhino to do the material test. We could work in this direction in the future. It is very inconvenience for us to test the ability of different material without the appropriate equipment, and from the research we can only know some basic property of a material. In our case, we studied some precedents in different scale to solve this problem. But specific experiment with our design will be needed if the project is built in real world.

We have learned a lot from Air Studio. It is a really critical and tense studio and it really provides us the opportunity to learn new things and apply into design in a short period of time. Our group chose Sectioning as our exploration approach and the computation design allows us to cut section in a logical and efficient way. We can just simply change the input parameter to change the way of cutting a surface or volumes. We can easily use some complex shape such as mubius strip in our design. The computation design does provide a different design approach and generate interesting and dramatic visual effect. From the discourse research, computation design is believed to provide more possibility of design. However, in the practice it limits the design possibility to some extent. In the early design stage, we just went straight to the computer and generating our idea in Rhino. Therefore, our design concept is limited with the software. After talk with the studio leader, we realized that we should firstly generate the ideas on paper and not limited to what we know about Rhino and Grasshopper. It is very different when apply the design concept to computation design, and there will always be something unexpected happen. This is the challenge of using computation design. On the other hand, this is the first time for me to work with a design group. And it is important to learn how to distribute the work load equally to everyone, and everyone should be efficient and concentrate. We can learn from each other while we were working together, and have multiple thought and solutions when we have a problem.

Designing is never easy, it requires creative thinking and critical analyzing. And it also requires technical skills to present the ideas and communicate with your clients or audients. However, designing is always interesting as well, especially when the design concept matches with the brief and turns into something solid. There are still lots of things we have to learn to become to a real designer, and computation design is the first thing that we should to learn.

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REFERENCE City of Wyndham, Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Wyndham Wyndham City Council Website, http://www.wyndham.vic.gov.au/ Bad Hair Pavilion, http://designandmake.aaschool.ac.uk/?page_id=300 Contemplay Pavilion https://www.facebook.com/Contemplay http://www.archdaily.com/258929/the-contemplay-pavilion-drs-farmm/ Gateway Arch http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateway_Arch

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