DIGITAL DESIGN + FABRICATION SM1, 2015 M4 Journal - Plant Stand Siyun Yang
698893 Paul Loh
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CONTENTS 0.0
Introduction ………………………………………………………… page.06
1.0
Ideation ……………………………………………………………… page.08
2.0
Design ………………………………………………………………
3.0
Fabrication ………………………………………………………… page.19 Fabrication Intro ………………………………………………………… page.20
Measuring Drawings ……………………………………………………… page.09 Analysis …………………………………………………………………… page.10 Sketch Model ……………………………………………………………… page.11 Sketch Design …………………………………………………………… page.12
Design Development Intro ……………………………………………… Digitization & Design Proposal V.1 …………………………………… Precedent Study ………………………………………………………… Digitization &Design Proposal V.2 …………………………………… Prototype V.1 Testing Effect ……………………………………………
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page.14 page.15 page.16 page.17 page.18
Design Development & Prototype V.2 ……………………………… page.21 Design Development & Prototype V.3 ……………………………… page.23 Final Prototype Development & Optimization …………………… page.24 Final Digital Model ……………………………………………………… page.28 Fabrication Sequence ………………………………………………… page.30 Assembly Drawing …………………………………………………… page.32 Completed 2nd Skin …………………………………………………… page.33
4.0
Reflection …………………………………………………………… page.35
5.0
Appendix …………………………………………………………… page.38
Credit ……………………………………………………………………… page.39 Bibliography ……………………………………………………………… page.40
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0.0 INTRODUCTION The subject is aim to introduce contemporary digital design software such as Rhino, InDesign, or Illustrator, from ideas to the fabricating of physical artefacts throughout the semester. Second Skin, as the theme of the task, is defined by a wearable volume or surface that accommodates the body. Both of exploration and measurement of Second Skin is based on the boundary of personal space. (Lecture 1) Plant Stand, is the object I studied on. It has the property that can be stretched. When it shrinks, it just looks like a bunch of sticks; when it spreads out, the intersecting sticks will form a circle shape.
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Plant Support is the beginning point of the task. By combining the precedent study of Bruham Pavilion by Zaha Hadid Architects, and the research of Lucy Mcrea, the idea of continuous structure that revolved the body was generated. The selected material – rubber tube has a great quality of reshaping the flexibility for reshaping the shape which can explore the continuous system we expect, and then the developments of different radius of tube had been utilized through M2 to M3 to M4.
https://feedlimmy.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/robyn-indestructible-dress.png
http://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2009/08/dznzha_burnham-pavilion_440.jpg
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1.0 IDEATION Innovative Design of a Secon Skin
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Measuring Drawings
PERSPECTIVE
120cm
PLAN
SECTION
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Analysis After I gained these data, the digital model can be made up.
The plant stand consists of 10 pairs of bamboo sticks in an equilateral shape with the same length. Therefore, the measurement only need to deal with the length, the distance of two sticks on the bottom, and the angle of joining point in between. The length and distances are both measured by the measuring tape, and the angle is measured by the protractor.
For drawing the plant stand in Rhino, only a few commands are used, such as line, rotating, and polar array. Due to I did not attend the first Rhino Workshop, my digital model at this stage was lack on the technology. Hence, some mathematic methods are used to help me for the measurement. Firstly, two 120cm straight lines are drawn and the angle in between is 30° in x and z-axis. Then I need to work out what is the angle in y-axis (where the straight line above the ground is). By using the Pythagorean Theorem, the angle can be calculated as the follow equations: cos(x)=97.5/120, x = 0.62 62/100 = xπ/180 x = 35.52° where 97.5 is the radius from the central to the straight line. After that, the plant stand can be formed under ‘polar array’ command.
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120cm
Sketch Model
120cm
PLAN
PERSPECTIVE
One of my sketch designs has developed in Rhino. It based on the logic of the original object – crossing stick, and effectively create a volume that ensure the personal space is well-protected the body to keep others away. The inspiration is seeking from the shape of two crossing sticks of plant stand, while upper and lower layers can develop furthermore, such as the formation of continuous diamonds for a cylinder can provide a great personal space for human’s upper body.
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Sketch Designs
The second sketch design is inspired from the new TV Tower in Guangzhou, China. The contour of the tower is twisted upwards. Therefore I found that this is similar to the idea of the original object, it may be applied to the personal space in terms of its private inner part.
The inspiration of the third sketch design is from the cannon. It is similar to the idea of a secondary protective skin that is wearable by the triangular connection at the back. This secondary protective skin is created by parallel curvilinear, and it is a symmetrical shape. It applies to the personal space in terms of protecting the arms and back. Sketch Design #2
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Sketch Design #3
2.0 DESIGN Design and Develop the Idea of Second Skin Group Member: Zihao Guo & Siyun Yang
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Design Development Intro
Personal space can be various in different scenarios with different groups of people. In our team, we would like to design a second skin project that both fit on the library and walking on the street. Hence, a structure either has a great private space or can be protected the body has been discussed, and therefore we decided to build a structure with single element that can be arraying and twisting like our original object – plant stand – does.
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Digitization & Design Proposal V.1
PLAN
RIGHT ELEVATION
PERSPECTIVE
The first idea is based on my hand cannon. The design is for users that need to move their arms frequently and also avoid intercepting from others within surrounding environment. The further development of hand cannon is drawn in Rhino that based on the digital female body. We found that the organic curve shape will make the structure more flexible, and also the hand cannon portion can be supported by those continuous curvilinear since they are cross around the upper body.
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Precedent Research
Burnham Pavilion by Zaha Hadid Architects
Concept of Precedent (Key Word): Privacy Isolation Continuity Superimposition
Burnham Pavilion is a well-innovation where its intricate bent-aluminum structure created a unique curvilinear form. Its superimpositions of spatial structure is using the method of overlaying, the complexity is build up and inscribed in the structure. Its fluid shape is created by fabric skins which are wrapped around the metal frame. Therefore, we gained some ideas from this pavilion, it may be interesting if the straight bamboo stick can convert to continuous curvilinear, due to some strategies are influenced and applied to our later design, such as its unique curvilinear form, superimpositions of spatial structure.
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Digitization & Design Proposal V.2
PLAN
RIGHT ELEVATION
PERSPECTIVE
Hence after precedent study, we combined the parallel continuous curvilinear and the previous secondary protective skin together as our new idea of second skin project. However, we did not use sectional cut in this stage. We only developed dozens of continuous curvilinear with the junction on elbow and shoulder to support the continuity of curvilinear. In addition, we decided to design a symmetrical structure instead of one arm only that both arms can be protected, and in order to make two separate structures more continuous, a series of lines cross at the front of chest and back.
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Prototype V.1 & Testing Effects
FRONT
LEFT
BACK
However, the effect that we wanted to achieve is not perfectly showing on the prototype. During the process of making, it is hard to connect the string and the junction due to those strings did not have any supporting system (such as crossing to each other), and especially we did not draw the digital model rigorously. Also, the fixed point of each junction is another problem due to the wrong size of the hole (where allowed the string to go through). Therefore, it is difficult to see the desired effect, and it does not express the personal space at all even we was thinking that those strings can provide a space between the structure and body before.
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3.0 Fabrication Fabrication of the Design Group Member: Zihao Guo & Siyun Yang
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Fabrication Intro
The unsuccessful M2 prototypes have alerted us the importance of personal space for designing the second skin project. The discussion we made at the beginning of M3 is that the digital model must establish under the measurement of personal space, otherwise the physical prototype will not be able to success. By re-doing the measurement of personal space, we focus on the upper body of female, which aims to protect the body off the unnecessary physical contact. The idea of continuity has been developed furthermore in this stage. We decided to use other material that has the quality of continuity for our second skin project.
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Design Development & Prototype V.2
PLAN
FRONT ELEVATION
PERSPECTIVE
TESTING OF EFFECT
RIGHT ELEVATION
Rubber tube is selected as our material for our entire structure. The testing of its property shows as above. A segment of the model represents its ability that it can successfully form a shape by pins and itself. By using sectioning and contouring command in Rhino, we refine the digital model and make it more precise since the work based on the measurement of personal space. The intersection forms by sectioning tool and we can use this for the later fabrication process. Since the digital model is more accurate than the pervious, the physical prototype will be more stable.
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Design Development & Prototype V.2
EFFECT OF SECTIONING TOOL
PROTOTYPE V.2
This prototype is based on the digital model. In this stage, we have used the technique from the reading already, such as sectioning and contouring. The more explanation of reading will be showed in the following pages.
EFFECT AFTER RENDER
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Design Development & Prototype V.3
FIGURE 1
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 3
segment for adjoining the neck to support the back
shoulder part for adjoining on two arms to support both sides
segment for supporting front outer structure that need to wear on both arms
An early prototype has been made up from the digital model. However when we test its effect in relation to the personal space, we found that the structure cannot support by itself, due to the own weight of the material and the gravity, it will attach the body. Hence, we decide to make some inner structures to hold the outer structure.
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Final Prototype Development & Optimisation According to the week 6 reading from Kolarevic (2003), three fundamental techniques have been introduced for fabrication: two-dimensional fabrication, subtractive fabrication, and additive fabrication. In this stage, by using the two-dimensional fabrication for fabricating our design from digital model to physical model, we can obtain and assemble components rather than splitting solid or adding layers by the 3D system. Some strategies also produced from this technique such as contouring, triangulation, using of developable and undevelopable surfaces, and unfolding. The technology that is introduced from Iwamoto’s reading (2009) is sectioning. The technique of sectioning is to take numerous cross lines on the object, and it will immediately form series parallel lines on the drawn surface.
Progress of refining of digital model by using sectioning and contouring tools
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Final Prototype Development & Optimisation
By referring to these two readings, we used contouring and sectioning tools to refine our digital model. In order to get the planar section of the second skin, we drew a surface that based on the personal space we measured before. Since we have the problem that the structure cannot support by itself from pervious prototype, the refinement is to develop the crossing structure similar as the form of ‘grid’. However, after we followed the digital model to make the physical prototype, we found that the rubber tube itself has its own weight, it is hard to reshape and to achieve what we want it looks like. Therefore, we decide to build a ‘hat’ structure on the top of the head with one single tube as follows its own pattern (because when we bought the tube, it is rolled up). This can be a continuous supporting structure that wears on the head, rather than those separate inner structures.
Early digital model by referring to readings
Later digital model after physical prototype v.3
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Final Prototype Development & Optimisation
FRONT
BACK
Since the effect we want to achieve is to create privacy space that can protect the upper body, our focus point is neck and head where the most sensitive parts of body are. Based on the personal space, this volume is effective represented a defense space that refuse others get closer to you. We also optimized the view on the prototype: the front part which has a gap in between, represents the normal situation such as walking on the street; the reverse part which is block the view from your sight, it can only identify shadows if looking outward.
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Final Prototype Development & Optimisation
In terms of continuous structure and fluid shape, the property of the selected material should be followed this pattern and represented the idea of sectioning and contouring. Hence, we only used two materials for our prototype: cable tie for all junctions, and rubber tube for the entire structure. The reason that did not use pins as previously is that cable tie has a strong ability to tie two tubs tightly, and caused tubes cannot tendency to either left or right direction. In addition, while we fabricating the prototype, we found that the remains part of cable ties can also create a secondary personal space for resisting the stranger and providing a distance away from other.
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Final Digital Model
RIGHT ELEVATION
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FRONT ELEVATION
PERSPECTIVE
PLAN
Final Digital Model
RIGHT ELEVATION (FROM FACADE)
PERSPECTIVE
FRONT ELEVATION
PLAN (FACADE IS AT THE BOTTOM)
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Fabrication Sequence
The diagram shows all elements we used in the final physical prototype. There will two different types of tube be used in the entire structure: the larger one has the bigger radius and heavier weight which is a 20m continuous tube; the smaller one is cut to two different portions of compounds: 21 vertical tubes as the connection between the supporting structure and the main structure, and 3 horizontal continuous curvilinear with different lengths.
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Fabrication Sequence
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
We made the top portion first at the beginning. As the tube was rolled up before, it is not difficult to shape it, and we tie every two loops together by cable ties; and then we added the last loop of the horizontal tube with all vertical short tubes to the main structure; after that, we added up another two horizontal tubes to the vertical tubes to finish our entire prototype. Figure 1 shows the front view of prototype; figure 2 is the back of prototype, only turns to front if meet a stranger or dislike people; figure 3 represents the second step of making prototype; figure 4 is the final verse of prototype.
Figure 4
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Assembly Drawing
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Completed 2nd Skin
Prototype by itself
Right view: prototype on the body in normal time
Front view: prototype on the body in normal time
Back view: prototype on the body in normal time
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Completed 2nd Skin
Front view: prototype on the body in self-immerse time (meet dislike people)
Right view: prototype on the body in self-immerse time
Back view: prototype on the body in self-immerse time
There are two themes we wanted to achieve of prototype: one is in the normal time, such as walking on the street or talk to someone else; the other is when you do not want to look towards, such as an undesirable view or unlike people. The prototype can be both satisfied under these two themes.
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4.0 Reflection Critical Analysis & Reflection on Learning Outcome
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Reflection
Step 1
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Step 2
Step 3
Reflection Refer to the last two readings, the Third Industrial Revolution brought a lot of convenience to our life such as the development of Internet. We can browse free resources online instead of read the heavy encyclopedia in specific area. By benefits of the development of Internet, digital applications are gradually entered everyone’s attention. Today, a variety of software being used by multi-discipline in different areas, for instance, only for this subject, I have already used Rhino, InDesign, Illustrator and Photoshop to accomplish my task. They precede my models, process my photos, and tidy my works, without these applications, I would be able to complete the requirement and achieve what I expected.
Throughout the semester, I have learnt multidisciplinary skills from the subject. From lectures, I have learnt various case studies, such as the Body Architect Lucy Mcrea; the shift of software development and computer numerical technology (CNC), such as parametric software (e.g. Grasshopper) and computer-aided. From Workshop, I have learnt how to use Rhino and applied to my digital model. From readings, I have integrated my knowledge to digital applications and also understood how convenient that development of digital design brings to us. From tutorial, I have learnt that exchanging ideas/feedback with tutors is essential and getting used to work within a group. From group member, I have realized that if you are not going to urge each other all the time and follow up the work in progress, the work will be piled up more and more until the last minute.
What I found challenge is the time. We only have 12 weeks to learn totally strange software and quickly applied to tasks, and then not yet thoroughly understood, the new task is coming. Hence, a good time management skill is essential for working in this subject, how to allocate the time that not collide with other subjects, how to cooperate with group mate between time and work, etc.
Our second skin project still has many aspects to improve. For the design itself, I still think the inner structure is necessary for supporting the outer, but the improvement can be that if the inner and outer structure can integrate as an entirety, the design may be look more coherent and aesthetic. Back to recall this semester, the unsuccessful M2 Journal like an alarm awakens me. What I did in M2 is trust my group mate too much, and this caused to me laziness on the work. We split the task in the very beginning and have not follow up each other’s working progress, it leads us suddenly realize there is still many works not finish yet until the last week. This lesson tells me that I cannot slack off at any time, even if it is a group work. Fortunately, we are no longer lazy to work in M3, and catch up what we leave behind. Still, we have much to learn, learning will never stop.
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5.0 Appendix
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CREDITS Page Cover 6 7 Cover 9 10 11 12 Cover 14 15 16 17 18 Cover 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Cover 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
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Siyun Yang Zihao guo
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Bibliography Bernstein, P., Deamer, P. (2008) Building the Future: Recasting Labor in Architecture. Princeton Architectural Press.. pp 38-42 Cheng, R. (2008). Inside Rhinoceros 4 / Ron K.C. Cheng. Clifton Park, NY : Thomson/Delmar Learning. Enric Miralles,Carme Pinos, “How to lay out a croissant� El Croquis 49/50 Enric Miralles, Carme Pinos 1988/1991, En Construccion pp. 240-241. H.Pottmann,A.Asperl,M.Hofer, A.Kilian. (2007). Surfaces that can be built from paper. In Architectural Geometry (eds), p534-561, Bentley Institute Press. Iwamoto, L. (2009). Digital fabrications: architectural and material techniques. New York : Princeton Architectural Press. Kolarevic, B. (2003). Architecture in the Digital Age - Design and Manufacturing. Spon Press, London. Loh, P. (2015). Lecture 1: Measuring Space, Melbourne. Loh, P. (2015). Lecture 11: The Third Industrial Revolution, Melbourne. Rifkin, J. (2011). The third Industrial Revolution. Palgrave Macmillan, pp107-126. Scheurer, F. and Stehling, H. _2011_: Lost in Parameter Space? IAD: Architectural Design, Wiley, 81 _4_, July, pp. 70-79. Zaha Hadid Architects. (2009). Burnham pavilion. Available: http://www.dezeen.com/2009/08/24/burnham-pavilion-by-zaha-hadid-architects-2/ [04/06/2015].
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