in
april 7 8 9 th
th
th
letter from the presenting corporate sponsor
Dear Friends, On behalf of PECO, thank you for supporting the Chester County Historical Society (CCHS) and joining us for the 2017 Chester County Antiques Show. For the past 10 years, PECO has proudly supported CCHS as the presenting corporate sponsor of the Antiques Show, one of the largest exhibitions in Southeastern Pennsylvania. CCHS is widely recognized as one of the Commonwealth’s premier history museums and educational centers, as it plays an integral role in history education, cultural diversity and also provides a positive economic impact for the region. At PECO, we are powering our region today and reimagining the future of energy for tomorrow. Part of this effort is our investment in innovative arts and cultural programming, like that offered by CCHS, across the communities we serve. We remain deeply grateful for the efforts of those who contribute their time, energy and expertise to the Historical Society, including President Elizabeth Laurent and our very own Charles White, director of Utility Performance Assessment, who serves on the CCHS Board. We also applaud this year’s Antiques Show Chairs — Francis “Fran” B. Jacobs II and Chuck and June Piola — for their exceptional commitment to the success of the show and their dedication to CCHS. We hope you enjoy the wonderful selection of antique items and continue your support of the Chester County Historical Society throughout the year! Sincerely,
Craig L. Adams Executive Vice President, Exelon President and CEO, PECO
letter from the president
Dear Friends, Welcome to the 35th Annual Chester County Antiques Show, held in support of Chester County Historical Society (CCHS). As new CCHS President, I am excited to experience my first Chester County show! The event is the Society’s primary fundraiser, allowing us to share the allure of history by celebrating our connection to significant and beautiful objects of the past. We are deeply appreciative of PECO’s President and CEO Craig Adams’s leadership in being our Presenting Corporate Sponsor for the eleventh consecutive year. We are inspired by PECO’s generous, ongoing support of CCHS’s mission and are especially grateful to Romona Riscoe Benson (Director of Corporate Relations), and our wonderful CCHS Trustee, Charlie White (Exelon’s Director of Utility Project Management). For many months, members of our dedicated Antiques Show Committee have been working to create an unforgettable experience. We are grateful to this year’s Co-Chairs, Francis B. Jacobs II, and June and Charles B. Piola Jr., who have supplied leadership, encouragement and humor. We are thankful for the staff and many volunteers who make every aspect of the show run smoothly, allowing us all to enjoy moments of learning, camaraderie and beauty. We appreciate Show Manager Wesley Sessa and this year’s exhibitors, representing twelve states, who make the show possible. Show proceeds support CCHS’s many activities. We have entered the final design phase for the Society’s widelyanticipated, new multi-gallery exhibit Chester County: A Place in History. Our building has been filled with hundreds of middle and high school students from Delaware and Chester Counties along with teachers, parents, and volunteer judges, to compete in the 28th annual National History Day. We partnered with Longwood Gardens to present a lecture program “Legacy of Plant Exploration” linked to our current exhibition The Visionary World of Humphry Marshall 1750 – 1800 featuring the monumental paintings of Chester County painter Adrian Martinez. We are showcasing some of the Society’s notable textile collection with the exhibit Quilts, the Next Layer. Our museum and library staff have embraced technology with the Society’s first online placement of data and images of more than 30,000 historic documents, photographs and artifacts. There will never be a substitute for seeing original objects at CCHS, but the online project gives us a twenty-first century world-wide presence for folks who may never come to West Chester. One of many things that continue to impress and inspire me is the positive experience folks of all ages have when they come through the CCHS doors. Adults leave smiling about something they saw or experienced; groups of school children leave happily chattering about what they learned. The Society’s programs and events touch people’s lives and make our community a better place. Thank you for welcoming me into the CCHS community. Let’s enjoy the show! With sincere appreciation,
Elizabeth Laurent President
in
TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S
F E AT U R E S T O R I E S
Show Schedule........................................ 3
Hoopes Bro & Thomas Company ...... 10-17
Individual and Corporate Supporters..... 4-5
Native American Seeds in the Chester
Antiques Show Committee.................... 6-7
County Tradition ............................. 18-25
Board of Trustees & With Gratitude......... 8
USER GUIDES
CCHS General Information.................... 9
Advertisers............................................. 26
2017 antiques show schedule
preview party
friday, april 7 th 5:00pm vip early admission | 6:00pm regul ar admission feat uring cocktails, hors d’oeuvre s & ligh t buffe t provided by jimmy duffy cat ering
saturday, april 8 th
sunday, april 9th
gourmet café 10:00am - 5:30pm
gourmet café 11:00am - 4:30pm
11:00am - 5:00pm
10:00am - 6:00pm
featuring exceptional 18th and 19th century american and continental furniture, rugs, paintings, ceramics, glass, silver, jewelry, needlework and other decorative arts.
A Bird in Hand Antiques Bill Kelly Antiques Britannia House Antiques D.M. DeLaurentis Antiques Dennis Raleigh Antiques & Folk Art Dixon- Hall Fine Art Dover House Antiques Dubey’s Art & Antiques Edward J. Rayeur Antiques Gary Sergeant Antiques, LLC Greg K. Kramer & Co. H.L. Chalfant American Fine Art & Antiques Hanes & Ruskin Antiques Heller Washam Antiques Hilary & Paulette Nolan Holly Peters Oriental Rugs
James Gallagher James M. Kilvington, Inc. Johanna Antiques John H. Rogers Antiques Joseph J. Lodge Leatherwood Antiques Lorraine Wambold Fine Estate Jewelry Malcolm Magruder Marc Witus Antiques Mark & Marjorie Allen Antiques Michael Gunselman Antiques Mid-Atlantic Antiques Neverbird Antiques Philip H. Bradley Co. Quadrifoglio Gallery Oriental Rugs R.M. Worth Antiques, Inc.
special events
Roger D. Winter, Ltd. School House Farm Antiques Steven Smoot Antiques & Navajo Textiles The Federalist Antiques The Hanebergs Antiques The Norwoods’ Spirit of America Thistlethwaite Americana Thomas Brown Antiques Van Tassel - Baumann American Antiques Vilnis & Co. Antiques W.M. Schwind Jr. Antiques & Fine Art Wesley T. Sessa Antiques West Pelham Antiques William Hutchison William R. & Teresa F. Kurau Whitman Antiques
sponsored by saul ewing llp
the mary elizabeth robinson memorial lectures
saturday, april 8 th
saturday, april 8 th
1:00pm “thy sincer cousen”
3:00pm ladies in the landsc ape jenny rose carey
john bartr am, humphry marshall, & early americ an botany
joel fry
senior director, pa horticultural society meadowbrook farm
curator, bartram’s garden
sunday, april 9 th 11:00am –1:00pm
expert appraisals
($5 per item with paid admission) appraisals sponsored by elizabeth laurent & larry dame
general admission saturday & sunday $15.00 includes show catalog, lectures & parking ChesterCoHistorical.org 2017 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how
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individual and corporate supporters
Pre sen t ing Corporat e Sponsor
Host Sponsor
Cat ering Sponsor
The Phelps School
Jimmy Duffy’s Catering
Hospi tali t y Sui t e Sponsor
Café Sponsors
DNB First
Chuck & June Piola
“Tulips” Show Theme Sponsor
Ten t Sponsors
Penelope P. Wilson
Matt & Anne Hamilton
Invi tat ion Sponsor
Securi t y Sponsor
L. Gordon Walker
West Chester Downtown Foundation
Décor Sponsors
Support ing Sponsors
John & Sandy Nesbitt Mr. & Mrs. John Stoviak Main Line Gardens The Haverford Trust
Antiques & Fine Art Magazine The Magazine Antiques Local Living Magazine Local Living Woman Magazine
Silver Pat ron Sponsor Glenmede Trust
Vale t Parking Sponsors
Lect ure s Sponsor
Franny & Franny Abbott
Saul Ewing LLP
Beer & Spiri t s Sponsors
Heat ing Sponsor
P.J. Whelihan’s & The Pour House
Brandywine Valley Heating & Air Conditioning
Dealers’ Sunday Supper Sponsors
Florist Sponsor Blue Moon Florist
Ida & Tom McIntyre Kristine & Jason Lisi
De ssert Sponsor
Appraisal Sponsors
Arthur Hall Insurance
Elizabeth Laurent & Larry Dame
2017 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how
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individual and corporate supporters
VI P Admission Sponsors Gawthrop Greenwood, PC Piper Jaffray & Co. Lamb McErlane PC
Advert ising Sponsors Brandywine Valley Heating & Air Conditioning Martyn & Grete Greenwood
Media & Communicat ions Sugartown Communications The Daily Local News
Marke t ing & De sign Smithworks Design Communications
Media Sponsors Today Media / Main Line Today / Delaware Today Fig Industries
Home & Table Magazine Bucks County Magazine Montgomery County Magazine Chester County Life Magazine
County Lines Magazine The Hunt Magazine Vista TODAY
Pat rons Francis B. Jacobs II Drs. Mian & Amber Jan, West Chester Cardiology June & Chuck Piola John & Holly Stoviak L. Gordon Walker
Franny & Franny Abbott Charles C. & Jane S. Brosius The Bryn Mawr Trust Company Martyn & Grete Greenacre Jane Ann & Jack Hornberger
Part ners Elizabeth Laurent & Larry Dame Kristine & Jason Lisi Ida & Tom McIntyre
~
List complete as of March 20, 2017
~
2017 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how
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2017 chester county antiques show committee
Show Chairs Francis “Fran” B. Jacobs II Chuck & June Piola
Show Manager Wesley T. Sessa
Advisory Chairs
Founding Chair
Parking
John & Sandra Nesbitt
Michael Pillagalli
Dan Lindley
Appraisals
Floor De sign
Phelps School Liaisons
Valerie Holliday Elizabeth Laurent
Susan & Dale Frens
Stephany Phelps Fahey Chris Northrup Ida McIntyre Taylor Perkins
Dealer Hospi tali t y Vicki McKeefery Carol Samuelson
Lect ure s Ellen Endslow
Photography Marke t ing Creat ive
Advert ising Sale s L. Gordon Walker Charles “Chuck” Piola
Edi tor Laurie Rofini
Eric & Susan Smith, Heather Johnson, Smithworks Design Communications
Media Sale s Joan Ford Goldschmidt, Sugartown Communications
2017 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how
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Ed Huberty Paula Miller
Pre sen t ing Corporat e Sponsor Liaisons Romona Riscoe Benson Michele Garrity Charles White
2017 chester county antiques show committee
Preview Part y Chair Holly Stoviak
Preview Part y Judi Garst Sandra Nesbitt Sidney Spahr
Show Finance Francis “Fran� B. Jacobs II Conrad Olenik
Show Floral Arrangemen t s Claire Daniels Nancy Holman Sidney Spahr
Signage Tom McIntyre Scott Sanders
Social Media & Websi t e Manager Brittany Deeney
Sponsorship, Sale s & Communicat ion Manager Sylvia Bastani
Sunday Supper for Dealers Kristine & Jason Lisi Ida & Tom McIntyre
Volun t eer & Gue st Service s Manager Susan Johnstone
OTANY
in
board of trustees of the chester county historical society
Chair
Vice-Chair
George C. Zumbano, Esq.
Charles H. White
Treasurer
Secre tary
George C. Werner
Francis B. Jacobs II
C C H S Pre siden t Elizabeth Laurent Dr. Mian Jan Caroline Bentley
Susan Johnstone
Charles C. Piola
Domenic L. D’Ginto
Belin Robertson
Senator Andrew E. Dinniman, Ed.D.
Commissioner Michelle H. Kichline
William Ronayne
Grete Greenacre
Regina Lewis
James C. Sargent, Jr.
William Hieb
Thomas H. McIntyre
L. Gordon Walker
Sandra Nesbitt
with gratitude In sincere appreciation to the members of our 2017 Chester County Antiques Committee for their leadership, commitment and support! The 2017 Chester County Antiques Show Committee would like to thank the following businesses and individuals who have contributed to the 2017 Antiques Show:
Catalog Art icle Con t ribu tors Diane P. Rofini, (1955-2016) Librarian, Chester County Historical Society William Woys Weaver, PhD
Alber Haff Parking Services E-Tent Panera Bread WAWA West Chester Business Improvement District Willistown Township Police
The Chester County Historical Society wishes to express gratitude to The Phelps School for hosting the 2017 Antiques Show.
2017 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how
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cchs general information
M I S S I O N S TAT E M E N T The Chester County Historical Society (CCHS) inspires, informs, and builds community identity by preserving and sharing the remarkable story of Chester County and its people.
Chester County Historical Society 225 North High Street | West Chester, PA 19380 610-692-4800 | ChesterCoHistorical.org museum, library and shop hours:
Tuesday – Saturday, 9:30AM – 4:30PM
general admission to the museum and library:
CCHS Members receive free admission Adults (age 18 and older): $6.00
Senior Citizens (age 65 and up): $6.00 Students (with ID): $5.00 Children (age 6-17): $4.00 Children (age 5 and under): Free
Chester County Archives 601 Westtown Road, Suite 80 | West Chester, PA 19380 610-344-6760 | chesco.org/archives archives hours:
Monday – Friday, 9:00AM – 4:00PM Free to the public CCHS administers the Chester County Archives in cooperation with the County of Chester.
{ exhibit
at cchs }
open through december 15, 2017 Adrian Martinez Presents the Visionary World of Humphry Marshall 1750-1800 2017 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how
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Diane P. Rofini
Plant illustrations from folding books used by Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas sales representatives.
Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas was
once the largest
nursery in Pennsylvania. It had its origins in the modest one-acre West Chester nursery and simple greenhouse established in 1853 by Josiah Hoopes. Hoopes, the oldest son of Pierce and Sarah (Andrews) Hoopes, was born in West Chester in 1832. In 1835 Pierce moved his family to Philadelphia, where he became a successful lumber merchant. The family returned to West Chester in 1850; three
West Goshen from Curtis
years later Josiah began his nursery business.
H. Hannum in 1908, its
Josiah’s
nursery
was
located
family
property
near
Anthony
school
on
Boot
Road.
on
total size grew to 800 acres,
the
making it one of the largest
Bolmar’s
horticultural nurseries in
Advertisements
the United States. In addition to multiple
for the early nursery show that Hoopes sold
vegetable
plants,
grapevines,
greenhouses, the grounds had a storage cellar
fruit
for bulbs and roots and a large packing house.
and ornamental trees as well as flowering
An 1870 account of a visit by Mr. J. W. Wood
plants such as roses, verbenas, and dahlias.
of Washington Heights, NY, was published
He was also willing to arrange bouquets of
in Gardener’s Monthly and provides a good
flowers “furnished at the shortest notice.” In
overview of the nursery’s appearance. Mr.
1857 Hoopes’s only brother, Abner, joined
Wood described seeing upon entering the gate
the business and the firm became known as
“a large specimen bed of Rhododendrons in
Hoopes & Bro. With the addition of George
full bloom.” In front of the propagating houses
Brinton Thomas in 1866 as an “office partner,”
were a series of circular beds, containing castor
the firm became Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas.
oil plant, varieties of cannas, beefsteak plant,
The nursery’s size varied over the years, as land
periwinkle, and Lobelia. Another bed was
was bought or leased. By 1875, it was 300 acres.
filled with scarlet geraniums. Other plants he
When the nursery purchased 335 acres in
noted included varieties of Weigela, Forsythia,
2017 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how
11
Spiraea, Columbine, Iris, Clematis, Magnolia,
and agents. These sales agents worked in
and a “plant which I have not seen for thirty
different parts of the country, traveling to
years,” Salvia pratensis [meadow clary]. The
sell stock and to solicit orders. Some agents
grounds also featured “row after row of fine
would come to the nursery to supervise the
young stock of evergreens,” “two or three
packing and filling of their customers’ orders.
varieties of Copper Beech,” and “one of the
Vast quantities of stock were sent out in this
finest trees of the white Spruce I have ever seen.”
fashion. By 1891, the nursery had seventy-
The nursery grounds were open to the public
five traveling salesmen working in fourteen
and were a popular destination for a local walk.
states, including those as far west and north as Minnesota and as far south as Alabama.
As a large nursery, Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas
There was also an agent who sold plants to
was an active employer. In 1891, there were
clients in Mexico, using a nursery catalog
about 300 employees. Most of the work was
printed in Spanish. Plants to fill his orders
seasonal. In the spring large numbers of men
took three months to arrive from West Chester.
would arrive and then leave after the spring work was completed. The work force was also
The stock sold by Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas
reduced at the beginning of winter. Jobs fell
came from many different sources. The
into many categories. There were propagators
nursery grew much of its own stock from
who grafted and budded trees, packers who
seeds or cuttings. They had a well-tended
worked filling orders, foremen, apprentices,
scion orchard to supply them with material
2017 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how
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It was one of the
l argest horticultural
nurseries in the United States. trees; from Wayne County, Pennsylvania 25,000 hemlock and 10,000 maples; and from Skaneateles, New York 25,000 arborvitae, 10,000 balsam fir and 5,000 white pine. They also traded extensively with European
for budding and grafting. Even so, no large
nurseries. While the West Chester firm was
nursery could be totally self-sufficient and
sending native American plants to England
Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas frequently relied on
and Germany, they, in turn, imported a large
stock from other growers. They were supplied
number of fruit tree stocks and ornamental
by nurseries in all parts of the United States.
plants from firms in France, England, and
In 1866 they ordered 1,800 raspberries
Germany. Orders were placed several times a
for propagating from a Rev. John Knox of
year with the firm of P. & E. Transon in Orleans,
Pittsburgh. That same year they ordered from
France for fruit tree stocks. An order from
Newburgh, New York enough scions of Ben
December 1866 requested 75,000 Mahaleb
Davis and Pryors apples to graft 500-1,000
cherry stocks and 5,000 pear stocks. They
Illustrations from folding books used by Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas sales representatives.
continued to trade with the firm, as an order for
Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas felt obligated to lodge
150,000 Mahaleb and 5,000 white birch trees
a complaint in 1868 regarding the condition of
in 1876 shows. Evidently, shipments received
their order from the British firm Stewart & Son:
from Transon Bros. arrived in fine shape after crossing the ocean: “Our French trees came in such splendid condition (as they always do), not a leaf dropped, not a plant moldy.” That was not always the case with other nurseries.
“Eight cases have arrived. …The larger portion are completely ruined, in fact rotted down in a mass. We have thrown the contents of some cases in the waste heap. All the boxes are more or less completely saturated with water excepting one. We firmly believe our goods to have been placed on the deck of
Open to the public and a popular destination
for a local walk.
the steamer, exposed to all the vicissitudes of the weather….” (editor’s note: This must not have been typical, as the firm is still in operation today as Stewarts Garden Centres.) In
general,
foreign
nurseries
supplied
Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas with cherry stocks (France), seeds (Germany), and specimen ornamental plants (Great Britain) that were not as easily obtained in the United States.
Another source of nursery material was through “amateur” collectors. These plant hunters appear to have been indispensable for filling the nursery’s orders for the wild lilies, ferns, orchids and insectivorous plants that were in demand by European nurseries. That the plants did not always arrive in the best condition can be surmised from an 1875 letter to a South Carolina man who had shipped carnivorous plants to the nursery: “We do not wish and do not think you ought to be the loser in the Sarracenias [trumpet pitchers] sent us, neither do we think we should suffer by paying for plants that are wholly
worthless
through
bad
packing….”
The collector was urged to try again and was
given
packing
instructions
technique
of
on
the
proper
layering
plants
with damp moss in a paper-lined box. Greenhouses were used to house tender plants such as canna and dahlias, as well as some specimen plants. Cuttings of evergreens, roses, and other greenhouse plants were rooted in benches that were filled with a special soil mixture. Once rooted, these cuttings were
from
transferred to small clay pots. The nursery
planted thickly in a bed and protected by
utilized large numbers of pots; an 1867 order
raised scaffolding covered with evergreen
to a Baltimore firm requested 18,000 pots,
branches about three feet above the bed.
of which 12,000 were 2" in diameter. Many
Rose cuttings, however, were grown in
plants were grown outside the greenhouses
hotbeds. To grow all these plants the nursery
in beds and cold frames. Beds were used
required large amounts of manure, so much
to raise young seedling evergreens such as
so that they had to ship it in by rail. The
hemlock spruce and American yew taken
manure was spread on fields and composted
the
woods.
The
seedlings
were
Left: Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas office building, 1900. Above: This detail from the Atlas of Chester Co. Pennsylvania (A. R. Witmer, 1874) shows the company’s location in the northeast corner of West Chester. It is identified by its original name, “Cherry Hill Nurseries.” To avoid confusion, the company later used the name “Maple Avenue Nurseries.”
with sods and soil to form “potting compost” or
also corresponded regularly with botanists in
plowed under to support apple and rose stock.
the Midwest and abroad. By the time The Book
The nursery tested a wide range of plants for hardiness and pest resistance, noting what type of soil was needed and how varieties responded to extreme temperatures. The results of the nursery’s testing of evergreens contributed to Josiah Hoopes’s major
work,
The
Book
of
Evergreens;
a Practical Treatise on the Coniferae, or ConeBearing Plants, which he published in 1868.
of Evergreens was published, Hoopes had been in the nursery business for fifteen years. It was this combination of the scientific with the practical that helped make the book a success. It was the first of its kind to be written by an American about conifers growing under American conditions. Every conifer that
would
survive
in
the
Mid-Atlantic
was listed by its scientific and common name. The text for each entry included
Hoopes had a lifelong interest in conifers,
information on the conifer’s suitability as
and credited local botanists Joshua Hoopes,
an ornamental, frequently augmented with
his cousin, and Dr. William Darlington with
Hoopes’s personal observations regarding
acquainting him with this group of plants. He
the tree’s success or failure at his nursery.
Much of the credit for the nursery’s success belongs to its founder,
2017 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how
Josiah Hoopes.
After the death of Josiah Hoopes in 1904, the nursery continued until 1948, first under the direction of his brother Abner until 1920, and then under Abner’s son, Wilmer Worthington
Hoopes.
Under
Abner,
the
area served by the nursery shrank, and their trade became primarily confined to within a one-hundred-mile range of Philadelphia. The company then lost nearly one quarter of its land in 1934, when 78 acres were condemned to
build
a
reservoir
for
East
Goshen.
For most of its years of operation, the size and scope of the nursery place it in the first order of Pennsylvania nurseries of the late 1800s. Much of the credit for the nursery’s success belongs to its founder, Josiah Hoopes. More than a mere propagator of trees, Josiah Hoopes’s ability to look at growing plants with
Left: In this 1900 photograph, employees of Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas are preparing trees for shipping. Above: Illustration from folding books used by Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas sales representatives.
a scientific and critical eye placed him in the
Below: Kelly O’Keefe Photography
front ranks of Pennsylvania horticulturalists.
All Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas illustrations are of items in the Chester County Historical Society collections.
Diane P. Rofini (1955-2016) was the librarian at Chester County Historical Society from 1997-2016. Earlier in her career she worked at CCHS as a project archivist and manuscripts cataloger. Diane was particularly interested in the history of botany and horticulture. In 2000 she curated the CCHS exhibit “Animal, Vegetable & Mineral: The World of Chester County Naturalists.” This article was adapted from her 1986 M.A. thesis “The Role of Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Nursery of West Chester, Pennsylvania in American Horticulture (1853-1920),” at West Chester University, by her sister, Laurie A. Rofini, who is the Director of Chester County Archives and Records Services. The complete thesis is available to researchers at the CCHS Library.
2017 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how
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IN THE
CHESTER COUNTY TRADITION William Woys Weaver, PhD
Early American squash from our region including Mt. Yummy, Unami, and Lenape White Warted
Figure 1
2017 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how
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NATIVE AMERICAN SEEDS IN THE CHESTER COUNTY TRADITION
It may come as a surprise to many local horticulturists that Chester County is home to one of the largest collections of Native American
and colonial seeds in Pennsylvania. Begun in West Chester in 1932, my grandfather H. Ralph Weaver assembled a wide range of regional heirloom seeds from relatives and friends. After his death, I continued to build the collection so that today it represents about 4,500 rare
heirloom food plants. Many of these varieties are unique to the collection which now functions as a non-profit seed archive housed at the historic Lamb Tavern in Easttown Township. For more on the archive please refer to our website at www.roughwoodseeds.org.
The energy or synergy that brought
plant observations are in some
acquired from the Webb family in
it all together traces directly to
ways as timely today as they were
Northbrook who owned the farm
Chester County’s Quaker roots
when he first published them.
on which Hannah lived for many
and a long-standing Quaker
Furthermore, let us not forget
years, jolted me into the realization
commitment to stewardship of
Hugh E. Stone’s 1945 Flora of
that there was probably a lot more
the environment. I need only
Chester County which attempted
“out there” to be discovered. I was
mention Humphry Marshall, who
to bring our local botanical profile
not disappointed.
is being honored in an exhibition
up to date.
currently on view at Chester County Historical Society, but also his biographer Dr. William Darlington, whose 1837 Flora
Cestrica I inherited from his niece (my great-great grandmother) Susan Darlington Hannum. This is one of the most treasured books in my garden library and, remarkable as it may seem, Dr. Darlington’s
The late Sarah Kaulback, whose
Unfortunately none of the
family owned the White Horse
published botanical literature
Tavern in Great Valley, not only
took into account what Chester
provided me with the original 1820s
Countians were actually
tavern cookbooks, but the actual
growing or the vast list of early
beans the family used on their
Pennsylvania heirloom vegetables
tavern menus. This included the
that have been quietly preserved
White Horse Tavern Bean (probably
by families all across the
known by many different local
county. My grandfather’s Indian
names in the 1800s), Walker’s Great
Hannah Bean (Figure 2), which he
Valley Long Pod (from the Quaker
2017 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how
20
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Walker family of Valley Forge; Figure 3 ), Beaumont’s
anything connected with William Penn. Aside from
Gray Snap Bean (grown by Thomas Jefferson;
its association with Penn’s treaty with the Indians
Figure 4), and the Octarora Cornfield Bean preserved
(hence the name Shackamaxon where the treaty
from the 1820s by members of Sadsbury Friends
took place), the colorful dried bean pods were
Meeting. Quakers have also been involved in the
used by the Lenape to make red and blue dyes.
preservation of two other rare local bean varieties.
A fuller story of this bean is outlined in my book
Heirloom Vegetable Gardening.
Back in the 1970s the late Mary Larkin Thomas gave me seeds for the Blue Shackamaxon pole bean
Another rare pole bean whose pods were also used
which she had been growing for many years on a
for dying is Purple Kingsessing, which is perhaps the
garden plot near the former High Street School
oldest documented bean in the Roughwood Seed
in West Chester. Her mother, Rebecca Hallowell
Archive (Figure 5). Also known as Lenape Bread Bean
Thomas of New Garden, had visited the site of
(it was ground for flour), the bean traces back to a
Pennsbury Manor in 1906 and acquired the seed
Swedish settlement at Kingsessing in what is now
from Mahlon Moon, a local Bucks County Quaker
southwest Philadelphia. The bean appears to have
interested in horticulture and history, especially
followed the movement of Swedes and Lenape into
2017 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how
23
NATIVE AMERICAN SEEDS IN THE CHESTER COUNTY TRADITION
Figure 8
Chester and Berks Counties, then on to western
Among the Delaware of Oklahoma we have
Pennsylvania. It was found among the Cornplanter
collected Sehsapsing (black flint corn for hominy
Senecas of Warren County by well-known Indian
and grits), Puhwem (flour corn), Psindamocin Corn
activist Theodore Brinton Hetzel (1906-1990) who
(blue sweet corn for parching), Mother Corn
passed it on to me in 1981.
(a speckled sweet corn; Figure 5), Masked Dance (a violet sweet corn; Figure 5), Royal Minquas (a violet
All of these heirloom beans match up with known
flour corn), and from the Iroquois, Tooth Corn
varieties of Delaware Indian horticulture or with
(Figure 6), which was the most popular flour
Seneca varieties documented by anthropologists
corn planted in southeastern Pennsylvania
in the early 1900s. Both Nations shared seeds so it
during the period 1760s-1860s. Locals called
is not easy to presuppose who gave what to whom.
it Gourd Seed Corn.
2017 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how
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NATIVE AMERICAN SEEDS IN THE CHESTER COUNTY TRADITION
While there is some documentary
grown in our region, including
patrimony inherited from the
material on the ancient corns,
the beautiful Nanticoke Pumpkin
native peoples who once lived
little has been written in historical
(Figure 8) and the black-green
here – and how quickly the Lenape
records about squash. This remains
Appoquinnamink Squash.
shifted from hunter gatherers to
one of the most tenuous areas of historical research because colonists for the most part did not like the many varieties of squash grown by Native Americans. The end result is that only those few that appealed to European sensibilities made it across the cultural divide. Some of the best Native Squash for seed oil, for winter drying, or just for utensils were lost for this reason. This dilemma was solved quite accidentally when a Nanticoke woman from Maryland handed me seeds for “maycocks” during a lecture in Salem County, New Jersey (Figure 7). She had come over the bay from Lewes, Delaware and wanted to share seeds from her Native American community living in the isolated swamps on the Delaware-Maryland border. As it later developed, her “maycocks” (an Indian term for summer squash) proved to be a payload of genetic diversity and from that original
We know the approximate age of these squash because of an experiment undertaken in 1769-1772 by French botanist Antoine Nicolas Duchesne. Duchesne grew a large collection of East Coast squash in Paris and recorded them in beautiful watercolors which have recently been published by the French National Museum of Natural History. Thus we have dated pictures to match up with the squash we have been growing.
agriculturists after contact with Europeans – the irony of this is the Lenape are long since gone. Even their language is dying out and their heirloom food plants have been cared for by surrogate stewards. With the rise of farm-to-table cuisine perhaps there is now no better way to honor this heritage than to bring these delightful local foods up to commercial scale and give them a place of honor on menus celebrating our distinct regional cuisine.
While it will take more than 10
The Roughwood Seed Archive is a 501c3
years to isolate and stabilize
non-profit
these ancient squash varieties,
rare
we feel that the effort is worthwhile because nowhere
and
comprising endangered
some
4,500
heirloom
food
plants. Begun in 1932 it is the oldest private seed collection in Pennsylvania and a major contributor to seed collections
else in the United States do we
throughout the United States and abroad.
have such genetic diversity in
It is the only collection of its kind to treat
aboriginal squash or, for that
seeds as cultural artifacts. The collection’s
matter, so many squash that offer such a large range of culinary possibilities.
seed the Roughwood Seed Archive
While it seems truly amazing
has been able to isolate about 15
that Chester County has been
varieties of pre-1770s squash once
blessed with a rich horticultural
steward, Dr. William Woys Weaver, is an internationally known food historian who received his PhD in food ethnography from University College, Dublin, Ireland. He is the author of seventeen books and the winner of many publishing awards.
2017 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how
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CHESTER COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY
Martinez Presents Marshall
Now open: an exhibit of original paintings & historical objects at the Chester County Historical Society. Generous support has been provided by the lead gift of the Humphry Marshall Trust Fund (CCHS), the 1675 Foundation, the Marshallton Conservation Trust, the Friends of Martin’s Tavern and several individuals.
Y OUR MILESTONE.
OUR HISTORIC SETTING. The Chester County Historical Society’s Cultural Center is the perfect setting for your wedding reception, fundraiser, special event, or holiday party. Vaulted ceilings, a three-story atrium, and 2,600 square feet of convertible space are just a few of the highlights of one of the most historic buildings in Chester County. Other amenities include complete audio and visual equipment, wireless internet, and access to our award-winning museum. Come see for yourself all that we have to offer for your next reception, exciting fundraiser, intimate dinner or corporate event.
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THE PHELPS SCHOOL prepares young men for college and for life. Our private boarding and day school for boys in grades six through 12, provides a customized learning experience for students who thrive in a small, nurturing and structured environment. It’s this one-on-one approach that empowers each student to reach his highest potential academically, individually and socially. Because at The Phelps School, we know that education is personal.
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THE MAIN LINE ANTIQUES SHOW a benefit for surrey services for seniors
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ANTIQUES SHOW PREVIEW RECEPTION Friday, May 26 6 – 9 p.m. $125 BREAKFAST & TOUR Saturday, May 27 9 a.m. $30 A PASSION FOR COLLECTING: Dealers’ Talks Sunday & Monday, May 28 & 29 10:30 a.m. – 1:30 p.m. SPONSORS The Pearl Group at CRW Graphics The Inn and Spa at Montchanin Village The Kitchen Sink and Back Burner Restaurant and Tavern MEDIA SPONSORS Main Line Today, Delaware Today Proceeds from the Antiques Show support the Museum Volunteers’ Purchase Fund, and Art Education and Programming. Peter W. Chillingworth, Show Manager
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LOS ALAMOS HISTORY MUSEUM
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Raise the Roof
Revolution at Home
FUNDRAISER GALA
e Muhlenberg Family of Pennsylvania
Step inside the world of Lutheran minister Henry Muhlenberg in this special exhibition at his beautifully restored home in Trappe, Pennsylvania.
Sunday, May 7 5 to 9 p.m. The Barn on Bridge 385 Bridge Street Collegeville, PA 19426
Join us for an evening of live music, delicious food, and a silent auction featuring unique works of art made by local craftspeople.
Highlights include splendid examples of Pennsylvania German and Philadelphia furniture on loan from Muhlenberg descendants and local institutions, including the Chester County Historical Society.
All proceeds benefit the restoration of the Frederick Muhlenberg House, built in 1763.
Visit SpeakersHouse.org to buy tickets
201 W. Main Street, Trappe April 9 to December 31, 2017 HistoricTrappe.org
The SPEAKER’S House H O M E
O F
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We put our energy into the community. At PECO, our employees invest thousands of volunteer hours and we contribute more than
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