2013 CCHS Antique Show Catalog by eric smith

Architectural Elements in Furniture

letter from the presenting corporate sponsor

Architectural Elements in Furniture

Dear CCHS friends,

PECO has a strong tradition of community leadership throughout the region. We are continually one of the most recognized companies in the Philadelphia area for our philanthropy and volunteerism. We focus our support on organizations and programs that have a meaningful and measurable impact on education, diversity, arts and culture, the environment and community development. The Chester County Historical Society (CCHS) is one of those organizations and we are proud to once again serve as the Presenting Corporate Sponsor of the Chester County Antiques Show, one of the largest antiques shows in southeastern Pennsylvania. From the battles fought along the Brandywine, the picturesque farms and historical buildings, to the wonderful works of Andrew Wyeth, Chester County is rich with history and PECO is delighted to support CCHS’s mission to promote an understanding of Chester County and southeastern Pennsylvania’s heritage. In fact, PECO’s support specifically enables CCHS to carry out its programs to help educate and foster an appreciation of Chester County’s history in the region’s youth. We thank those who contribute their time, talent and expertise to the Historical Society, including CCHS President Rob Lukens and Charlie White, PECO’s Director of Customer Strategy & Governance, who serves on the CCHS Board. And, we congratulate this year’s Antiques Show Chairs Sarah and Allen Burke on a job well done. Thanks to their vision and dedication to CCHS, the show will no doubt continue as one of the premier events in Chester County. We hope you enjoy the wonderful selection of antiques and we also hope that you will continue your support of CCHS for many years to come! Sincerely,

Craig L. Adams Executive Vice President, Exelon President and CEO, PECO

letter from the president and the board chair

Architectural Elements in Furniture

Dear CCHS friends,

Welcome to the 31st annual Chester County Antiques Show! Each year, volunteers, staff, and supporters of the Chester County Historical Society orchestrate this extraordinary event. The show, among the longest-standing shows in the region, brings 2,000 antique collectors, connoisseurs and enthusiasts to the county for one weekend. This year, we are thrilled to host the show at the Phelps School in Malvern, whose unique facilities bring higher visibility and a true Chester County character to the event. Close proximity to the historic borough of Malvern and sites such as Historic Sugartown bring further appeal to this distinct location. The Chester County Antiques Show plays an important role in CCHS’s goal to preserve and share Chester County’s remarkable heritage. As the organization’s most visible and highest profile annual event, the show brings our mission-related activities to the attention of the thousands that attend. The show, of course, is a natural fit for CCHS, whose museum and library collections are considered to be among the strongest and deepest of any county historical society. Our collecting activities, research programs, and exhibitions highlight that collection year round for the public to enjoy. The show also provides significant funding to support CCHS’s programming. Each year, CCHS reaches nearly 10,000 school students through unique hands-on learning opportunities. These include field trips, outreach programs, our traveling trunk program, and coordination of National History Day for Chester and Delaware Counties. Your support of the Antiques Show helps CCHS connect youth to their communities through their history, which CCHS holds, cares for, and shares in powerful ways. We would like to thank PECO for returning for the seventh consecutive year in a row as the show’s Presenting Corporate Sponsor. PECO’s dedication to supporting the show, CCHS, and history education opportunities inspires all of the volunteers, staff, board, members and friends of CCHS. Our deepest thanks also extend to Mrs. J. Maxwell Moran for all of her ongoing generous support of the Historical Society, including her sponsorship of the 2013 Antiques Show. We would also like to express our appreciation for the incredible efforts and devotion of Sarah and Allen Burke, this year’s chairs. Through the creativity, organizational skills, and passion of the Burkes, this year’s show will undoubtedly be among our most successful. The show is skillfully managed by Wesley Sessa, who has guided the event for over thirty years, since its inception. This year’s show invites you to explore the “Architectural Elements in Furniture” – a theme that carries over easily into the core of CCHS’s collecting and educational activities. We invite you to continue your exploration at the Chester County Historical Society, where you can view unique objects from our region’s past, learn about the county’s remarkable history, introduce your kids or grandkids to our hands-on “history lab,” and immerse yourself in our two temporary exhibitions – On the Edge of Battle: Chester County and the Civil War and Faces of Chester County: Portraits from the Collection. Thank you for visiting the 31st annual show and we look forward to seeing you at the Chester County Historical Society in the near future. And if you like what you see and experience, please consider joining us as a member. Your support of local history matters. Sincerely,

Rob Lukens, Ph.D. President

Vincent T. Donohue Chair, Board of Trustees

Architectural Elements in Furniture

TAB LE

O F

C O NT E NTS

Show Schedule...............................................................3 Sponsors and Individual Supporters............................. 4-5 Antiques Show Committee.......................................... 6-7 Board of Trustees.............................................................8 With Gratitude...............................................................8 CCHS General Information...........................................9

F E AT U R E S T O R I E S Mobile, Meuble, Möble........................................... 10-15 A Celebration of Joinery.......................................... 16-21 Architectural Details in Platinum........................... 22-25 The Short Course on Historic Mortar............................ 26-28

USER GUI DES Advertisers....................................................................29 Preview Party 2012................................................. 76-77 Exhibitors............................................................... 78-79

Cover Piece: “Chest on Chest,” 1765-1795

Made in Philadelphia; originally owned by Sarah (Parker) Rowland. Descended in the Rowland and Howell families. Bequest of Deborah Howell Brinton. Collection of Chester County Historical Society.

2013 antiques show schedule

preview party

friday, april 5 th 5:00pm early admission | 6:00pm to 9:00pm regul ar admission hors d’oeuvre s and a ligh t buffe t by jimmy duffy’s cat ering. wine and raw bar by t he dave magrogan group/kildare’s/doc magrogan’s oyst er house/harve st seasonal grill

saturday, april 6 th

sunday, april 7 th

gourmet café 10:00am - 5:30pm

gourmet café 11:00am - 4:30pm

11:00am - 5:00pm

10:00am - 6:00pm

46 featuring 18th and 19th century american and continental furniture, rugs, paintings, porcelain, glass, silver, jewelry, needlework and other decorative arts.

special events

saturday, april 6

{ events

at the phelps school }

saturday, april 6 th 3:00pm

th 1:00pm “elements of architecture in furniture”

“restoration: the process of discovery”

brock jobe

john milner

professor of american decorative arts at winterthur museum, garden & library

fellow of the american institute of architects

sunday, april 7 th 11:00am –1:00pm { exhibit

expert appraisals

at cchs }

open through september 2013 On The Edge Of Battle: Chester County And The Civil War

show general admission $15.00 includes show catalog, lectures & parking ChesterCoHistorical.org

2013 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how

sponsors and individual supporters

Pre sen t ing Corporat e Sponsor

Pre sen t ing Sponsor

Mrs. J. Maxwell Moran

Host Sponsor

Cat ering Sponsor

The Phelps School

Jimmy Duffy’s Catering

Wine and Raw Bar Sponsor The Dave Magrogan Group/Kildare’s/ Doc Magrogan’s Oyster House/Harvest Seasonal Grill

Bar Sponsor North American Spirits and Wine

Lect ure Sponsor Generocity.org

Premium Sponsors Fig® West Chester The Town Dish Today Media/Main Line Today/Delaware Today WCHE 1520AM

Signat ure Sponsors BrandywineRadio.com The Women’s Journal, Chester County

Support ing Sponsors Antiques & Fine Art Magazine DNB First Local Living Magazine Smithworks Design Communications Suburban Life Magazine/Philadelphia Life Magazine Sugartown Communications The Haverford Trust Company The Magazine Antiques WHYY ~

List complete as of March 11, 2013

2013 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how

sponsors and individual supporters

Benefactor Sponsors Aqua Resources, Inc. Brandywine Valley Heating & Air Conditioning Chester County Life County Lines Magazine Frens & Frens, LLC Gawthrop Greenwood PC Glenmede Lamb McErlane PC Media Two/The Hunt ML Magazine Susquehanna Bank The Daily Local News

Friends Barnaby’s of West Chester Bliss & Company, Ltd. Mary Loraine Brinton Jane and Charles Brosius Sarah and Allen Burke Chester County Conference and Visitor’s Bureau Christie’s

Grete and Martyn Greenacre Jane Ann and Jack Hornberger Janney Montgomery Scott LLC Mr. and Mrs. Jason P. Lisi Mr. and Mrs. Collin F. McNeil Lee and Eric Miller National Bank of Malvern Mr. and Mrs. John J. Nesbitt, III

Pennsylvania Trust June and Chuck Piola Piper Jaffray & Co. Pook & Pook, Inc. Dr. and Mrs. Donald J. Rosato Barbara and John Spellman Nancy Thompson Alyssa and Charlie White

Pat rons Archer & Buchanan Architecture, Ltd. Sally and George Graham Hirtle, Callaghan & Co.

Rebecca and Rob Lukens Rubinstein’s Office Supplies Glenn Stroud

Part ners Kate and Kell Damsgaard Mr. and Mrs. Michael E. Drummond Sally and Jim Duff Theresa and Ranney Moran

David B. Reinfeld Jim Scanlon and Beth Trapani Jolene Wilson-Glah Mr. and Mrs. William Spaulding Wood II

List complete as of March 11, 2013

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2013 chester county antiques show committee

Pre siden t Rob Lukens, Ph.D.

Show Chairmen Sarah Burke Allen Burke

Show Manager Wesley Sessa

Appraisals

Edi tor

Susan Aggarwal Jane Ann Hornberger Claire Fox

Laurie Rofini, Director of the Chester County Archives and Records Services

Educat ion

Catalog Art icle s and Lect ure s

Carol Samuelson, CCHS Education Coordinator

Susan Hudson

Exhibi t s

C C H S Database Administ rator and Gift Proce ssor

Ellen Endslow, CCHS Curator and Director of Collections Heather Hansen, CCHS Collections Manager

Barbara Brown

Kickoff Part y

Dealer Consultan t s to t he Show

Kristine Lisi

Skip Chalfant Scott Chalfant Ruth Van Tassel Don Baumann

Smithworks Design Communications

Dealer Flowers

Media Sale s

Dawn Lovejoy

Joan Ford Goldschmidt, Sugartown Communications

Marke t ing Creat ive

Dealer Hospi tali t y

Name Tags

Al Fonash

Linda Hawley

Dealer Lunch

Parking Logist ics

JoAnn Carey

John Carey

Dealer Recept ion

Phelps School Liaison

Bobbie Cameron Peggy Garinger Margie Kanupke

Rob Dallas, Phelps School

Preview Part y Barbara Spellman

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2013 chester county antiques show committee Show De sign Sarah Burke Allen Burke Barbara Spellman Claire Daniels Susan Corum Janice Crawford

Show Finance Beth Lindsay, CCHS Business Manager

Show Flower Arrangemen t s Hope Wood Nancy Holman

Show In t ern Lauren Hoyer

Signage Ev Cassel

Sponsorships, Advert ising Sale s, Marke t ing, Project Manager David B. Reinfeld, CCHS Vice President, Development

Sunday Supper for Dealers Ida McIntyre Tom McIntyre

Visi tor Service s Leppy Horn Cheryl Snyder

Volun t eers Paul Bauver Bill Black Sue Black Betty Bristol Cary Brooks Barb Brown Katharine Campbell Meredith Chalfant Polly Chalfant Reese Davis Nicholas DiTarantino Mary Galligan John Golisz Mary Hodge Cliff Holgren

May Holgren Valerie Holiday Sandy Jarrett Pat Kelly Stephen Kelly Dr. Robin Koslo-Stahl Charles Lyddane Beth Martin Mary Kay McCann Sylvia McKee Vicki McKeefery Betty Miller Tom Millichap Mike Peich

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Alan Petty Michael Pillagalli Mary Liz Pomeroy Sue Ellen Raser Nancy Robinson Benjamin Samuelson Doug Schmidt Jaclyn Stine Glenn Stroud Caroline Veit Matthew Verna Kristin Wade Melinda Wentz Frances Pollock Wilson The Young Men of the Phelps School

board of trustees of the chester county historical society

Chair

Vice-Chair

Vincent T. Donohue, Esq.

George C. Zumbano, Esq.

Treasurer

Pre siden t

Francis B. Jacobs II

Rob Lukens, Ph.D.

Sandra Baldino Christopher Barron Jane Brosius Senator Andrew E. Dinniman, Ed.D. James Duff Matthew Forester

Grete Greenacre William Hieb Thomas McIntyre Sandra Nesbitt William B. Parker Charles C. Piola

Robert F. Powelson William Ronayne Dr. James Scanlon George C. Werner Charles H. White

with gratitude The 2013 Chester County Antiques Show Committee would like to thank the following businesses and individuals who have contributed to the 2013 Antiques Show: Catalog Art icle Con t ribu tors Alexandra Alevizatos Kirtley, The Montgomery-Garvan Associate Curator of American Decorative Arts at the Philadelphia Museum of Art Laura Beth Simo, Independent Decorative Arts Researcher and Consultant Pamela C. Powell, Photo Archivist, Chester County Historical Society Ray Tschoepe, Director of Conservation at Fairmount Park Historic Preservation Trust

Con t ribu tors to t he Dealers Luncheon Athena Pizza & Restaurant, Cakes & Candies by Maryellen, Giant Food Stores, Iron Hill Brewery & Restaurant

Bar

Hot el

Vale t Service s

North American Spirits and Wine

Sheraton Great Valley

Alber-Haff Parking Services

Bed and Breakfast

Landscape

Photography Service s

Faunbrook

Main Line Gardens

Ed Huberty

Boot hs

Wine and Raw Bar

St ree t Banners

Stacy Exhibitions

The Dave Magrogan Group/Kildareâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s/Doc Magroganâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Oyster House/ Harvest Seasonal Grill

Shady Tree Landscaping

The Chester County Historical Society wishes to express gratitude to the Phelps School for hosting the 2013 Antiques Show. 2013 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how

2013 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how

cchs general information

M I S S I O N S TAT E M E N T CCHS is a not-for-profit educational institution whose mission is to promote an understanding of the history of Chester County and southeastern Pennsylvania by collecting, preserving, exhibiting and interpreting that history and its relationship to the region, and nation beyond, to audiences of all ages and interests.

Chester County Historical Society 225 North High Street | West Chester, PA 19380 610-692-4800 | ChesterCoHistorical.org m u s e u m , l i b r a ry a n d s h o p h o u r s :

Wednesday – Saturday, 9:30AM – 4:30PM

g e n e r a l a d m i s s i o n t o t h e m u s e u m a n d l i b r a ry :

CCHS Members receive free admission Adults (age 18 and older): $6.00

Senior Citizens (age 65 and up): $5.00 Students (with ID): $3.50 Children (age 7-17): $3.50 Children (age 6 and under): Free

Chester County Archives

601 Westtown Road, Suite 80 | West Chester, PA 19380 610-344-6760 | chesco.org/archives archives hours:

Monday – Friday, 9:00AM – 4:00PM Free to the public CCHS administers the Chester County Archives in cooperation with the County of Chester.

2013 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how

Mobile, Meuble, Mรถble

By Alexandra Alevizatos Kirtley

FURNITURE: ARCHITECTURE AND EARLY PHILADELPHIA FURNITURE AND FURNITURE MAKERS

Fig. 3 (Mt. Pleasant): Photo courtesy of the Philadelphia Museum of Art

In the first of his ten books on architecture, the great first century BC Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius Pollio declared that “architecture depends on Order, Arrangement, Eurhythmy, Symmetry, Propriety, and Economy.” 1 Furniture—the moveable architecture—depends on the balance of the same elements and facilitates human interaction. While architecture is proportioned primarily to the landscape, furniture is scaled to the human body and even supports it, giving rise to its anthropomorphic nomenclature. Furthermore, furniture is scaled to the architecture around it, like interior sculpture. The designers and makers of furniture in early Philadelphia derived their art from architecture and house carpentry and many of them produced elements for both architectural building and furniture.

Robert Smith (1722-1777) was the first in Philadelphia to work truly as an architect, but on some commissions he served as the master builder by organizing the building work (Figs. 1 & 2). Master builders and house carpenters organized and executed the designs of architects—either paid or amateur architects who studied published designs—by organizing the labor. Thomas Nevell is the master builder about whom the most is known, thanks to the survival of his day book that documents, among other activities, the building of Captain John MacPherson’s Mount Pleasant from 1762 to 17652 (Fig. 3). Joiners made furniture with the same joints as a house carpenter, but worked on a smaller scale, incorporated more details, and worked with a broader array of tools, such as specialized planes to produce smaller composite moldings.

The English guild system strongly informed the development of the building and furniture communities of colonial Philadelphia. Architects were—and remain—professionally trained to design and draw building plans and supervise the building, measurement, and inspection of structures. Scottish-born Philadelphia architect

Turners who worked on a lathe comprised, especially in Philadelphia, a significant portion of the city’s woodworkers. Where joined furniture dependent on architectural-style paneling was supplanted by cabinetmaking, turners’ work was integral to furniture making throughout the eighteenth and

Fig. 1 (Carpenters’ Hall): Courtesy of Carpenters’ Hall

Fig. 2 (Christ Church): Courtesy of Christ Church, Philadelphia, PA.

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Fig. 4 & 5 (Dressing Table and High Chest): Gift of Lydia Thompson Morris, 1928, Philadelphia Museum of Art Digital Photography, 2008

Fig. 6 (Fox and Grapes High Chest and Dressing Table): Philadelphia Museum of Art Digital Photography, 2012

nineteenth centuries. Their work was consistently incorporated in architecture (banister supports), furniture (columns, table legs, and pillars), and especially chairs, where it was essential to banister backs. American Windsor chairs were primarily the work of a turner and were first made in Philadelphia in the 1740s; they became so ubiquitous an export by the late 1780s that advertisers in Boston newspapers referred to them as “Philadelphia chairs.”

designer Batty Langley (1696–1751) was one such detractor of cabinetmakers, observing in 1740 that “tis a very great difficulty to find one in Fifty of them [cabinetmakers] that can make a Book-Case &c. indispensably true, after any one of the Five orders; without being obliged to a Joiner for to set out the Work and make his Templates to work by.”3 Along with being the son of a joiner, such a criticism may have inspired Thomas Chippendale

In the first of his ten books on architecture, the great first century BC Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius Pollio declared that “architecture depends on

Order, Arrangement, Eurhythmy, Symmetry, Propriety, and Economy.”

Cabinetmakers used more sophisticated tools and possessed skills honed to produce a more refined piece of furniture than those of a joiner. Cabinetmakers used the joiners’ mortise and tenon joint (frame and pin a panel), but also employed the dovetail. With the board construction that the dovetail employed, cabinetmakers claimed to be more aesthetically aware than joiners. As the profession evolved in the eighteenth century, cabinetmakers were often derided for not appreciating the architectural roots of a joiner’s work that were considered fundamental to the art of furniture making. English landscape and architectural

(1718–1779) to devote a tract on the five orders of Architecture in the beginning of each of the three editions (1754, 1755, and 1762) of his The Gentleman & Cabinet-Maker’s Director…of Household Furniture in the Gothic, Chinese and Modern Taste. As the eighteenth century progressed, cabinetmakers worth their salt recognized and adhered to the architectural orders.4 The first documented Philadelphia furniture maker to call himself cabinetmaker was Charles Plumley, who is referenced in 1698 and died in 1708. His fascinatingly detailed estate inventory

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shows a materially comfortable house and a large and complex shop enterprise where he undertook a range of work, owned tools for various woodworking needs, and stocked fine and secondary wood and a large inventory of furniture hardware.5

He likely initially stayed with his cousin John Elmslie, a prominent turner who helped Affleck establish patrons in the Quaker and Scottish communities.8 In 1766, he made a mahogany desk for merchant Charles Wharton, who listed Affleck as “of this city, Joiner.” Affleck advertised in 1768 that he was moving his shop from Union Street to Second Street, “a little below the Bridge… where he carries on the cabinet-making business.” 9 The nearly simultaneous use of joiner and cabinetmaker may belie versatility and adeptness at both trades.

The career of English-born Philadelphia Quaker furniture maker John Head (1788-1754) is delineated through an amazing account book that helps document furniture made by him between 1718 and 1747. Head used dovetails in his case work so his furniture qualifies as cabinetwork, but his preference—and that of most furniture makers in the first half of the eighteenth century—was to be called a joiner. For Head and others, “joiner” appears to be a bow to the tradition of their apprenticeship and methodology as producing moveable architecture6 (Figs. 4 & 5). Head worked exclusively within his art of furniture making; though he provided molds for brick makers and the like, he commissioned his colleague Edmund Wooley, a joiner-house carpenter, to build his house in the 1720s.

Affleck become closely associated with architect Robert Smith—a fellow Scot and Quaker—and bookseller Robert Bell, the proprietor of “Bell’s British Book Shop, the fashionable literary mart of the day.” 10 Evidence suggests that Affleck worked alongside Smith on several of Smith’s domestic and municipal architectural commissions, including one in Easton, Pennsylvania, where Affleck may have met his wife, Isabella Gordon. At the dispersal of Robert Bell’s estate, Affleck, who was a coexecutor, oversaw the sale of Bell’s “valuable As furniture makers styled themselves as collection of Books, consisting of many cabinetmakers, their knowledge of archiFig. 7 (Mt. Pleasant Chimney Breast): thousands of volumes, in all Arts, Sciences, tecture remained central to their art, Philadelphia Museum of Art Digital and Languages.” Included in those books Photography, 2007 overlapping with the work of architects, was Abraham Swan’s The British Architect, and the two—furniture and the interior— a book from 1775 of engraved plates that complemented one another. The high provided the patterns and prescriptions chest and dressing table ensemble, an for carved decoration of interior archiicon of eighteenth century Philadelphia tectural elements found in contemporary furniture, provides a perfect illustration of Philadelphia houses such as Whitby Hall, how furniture worked in tandem with the the Stamper Blackwell House, the Powel architecture. The mid-molding of a high House, Cliveden, and Mount Pleasant.11 chest such as the “The Fox and the Grapes” The furniture design books of Chippendale high chest was intended to sit just above the and others borrowed the proportions and chair rail of the bed chamber for which it decorative vocabulary from architectural was made, while the top of the dressing table pattern books like Swan’s, and Philadelphia sat below it (Fig. 6). The shape of the carved cabinetmakers depended on them while tympanum area of a high chest mimicked creating their own distinctive paradigm. the same tympanum area of an architectural While Affleck’s 1795 estate inventory chimney breast (Figs. 7 & 8). includes a copy of “Shippendale’s Designs… Fig. 8 (Powel Room Chimney Breast): £1,” his association with Bell underscored The life of Philadelphia Quaker cabinetPhiladelphia Museum of Art Digital his knowledge of architectural treatises maker Thomas Affleck (1740–1795) shows Photography, 2005 like Swan’s that influenced furniture designs that he involved himself in almost every and were of interest to and collected by Bell’s part of the architectural and furniture making community, a 12 clients. The two men’s interests—Bell in books and Affleck in distinction that may have distinguished him among his peers. furniture design—provided a mutual benefit. After serving an apprenticeship with Alexander Rose of Ellon, Scotland, to learn “the art and mystery of a cabinetmaker” and working in London, Affleck came to Philadelphia in 1763.

The 1750s to 1780s fashion for furniture with classical baroque proportions and rococo ornamentation depended on a bevy of 2013 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how

carvers—the same carvers who carved the interior architectural elements and lavish picture frames that transition the eye from canvas to the wall. In Philadelphia, these London-trained carvers who immigrated beginning in the 1750s executed the spectacular compositions in the London manner illustrated in the pattern books creating quite literally—through furniture and interior architecture—a carved room. The central drawers of “The Fox and the Grapes” high chest and dressing table relate to the plaques in the middle of fireplace surrounds: the moment of truth from Aesop’s fable “The Dog and his Shadow” appears in the circa 1768 second-floor parlor of Samuel and Elizabeth Powel, attributed to Hercules Courtenay (1744–1784) who may have also carved “The Fox and the Grapes.” Carvers produced molds for iron and plaster work, including one for Scottish émigré plasterer James Clow (active 1763-1772). Clow executed the ornamental plaster ceiling in the Powels’ parlor and those in the nearby house of their friends Elizabeth and John Cadwalader (Fig. 9). Perhaps the most lavish commission of both architectural detail and furniture in colonial

Fig. 10 (Table): Purchased for the Cadwalader Collection with funds contributed by the Mabel Pew Myrin Trust and with the gift of an anonymous donor, 1984, Philadelphia Museum of Art

Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, The Ten Books on Architecture. Translated by Morris Hicky Morgan. (New York: Dover Publications, Incorporated, 1914), p. 13. 1

Thomas Nevell, Day Book, 1762-1782. Wetherill Papers. Division of Special Collections, van Pelt Library, University of Pennsylvania. 2

Batty Langley, City and Country Builder’s and Workman’s Treasury of Designs, (London, 1740) p. iii, as quoted in Benno M. Forman, American Seating Furniture 1630-1730: An Interpretive 3

Philadelphia—the house of Elizabeth and John Cadwalader—presents the ultimate opportunity to associate carved interiors and furniture. Thomas Affleck’s invoice dating from October, 1770 to January, 1771 details upholstered Fig. 12 (Painting): Purchased for the and carved furniture his Cadwalader Collection with funds shop produced for the contributed by the Mabel Pew Myrin grand house; at the bottom, Trust and the gift of an anonymous Affleck noted—unusually— donor, 1983, Philadelphia Museum of Art Digital Photography, separate charges for the 2013, Graydon Wood carving by James Reynolds (1739–1794) and the firm of Nicholas Bernard and Martin Jugiez (active together 1762–1783) (Figs. 10 & 11). Reynolds was closely associated with Affleck and carved the majority of the interior moldings, brackets, door and fireplace surrounds, etc; Bernard and Jugiez also contributed elements to the interiors. Like at the Powels, James Clow fashioned the ornamental plasterwork and Hercules Courtenay carved “The Judgment of Paris” for the fireplace surround plaque.13 In 1771, Reynolds carved frames for three portraits by Charles Willson Peale (1741–1827) and in 1773 Hercules Courtenay carved two more. The frames’ scroll edges were cut down in 1909, but one of Courtenay’s has been recently re-carved (Fig. Fig. 11 (Easy Chair): Gift of 12). The house was demolished in H. Richard Dietrich, Jr., 2001, Philadelphia Museum of Art 1816, making the carving on the Digital Photography, 2004

Catalogue (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1988): 44. 4

The best discussion of the hierarchy and distinctions between these various woodworkers in America is Forman, American Seating Furniture 1630-1730, 1988, pp. 39-55. See also, Roger W. Moss, Master Builders: A History of the Colonial Philadelphia Building Trades (Ann Arbor, Michigan: 1972).

See Forman, Appendix 1, page 371-372.

His account book was deftly discovered in the

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George Vaux Papers at the American Philosophical Society in 1999 and subsequently published by Jay Robert Stiefel. See http://www.amphilsoc.org/ bulletin/20011/stief1.htm. For a comprehensive list of Philadelphia furniture craftsmen and how they referred to themselves from 1680 to 1758, see Andrew Brunk’s list Appendix 1 of Jack L. Lindsey, et al, Worldly Goods: The Arts of Early Pennsylvania, 1680-1758 (Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1999). See Alexandra Alevizatos Kirtley, “The ties that

Fig. 9 (Powel Room Ceiling Detail): Photo courtesy of the Philadelphia Museum of Art

furniture and frames—closely mimicking the best of rococo London and by the same hands—the only inkling of what the interior architecture of the house looked like. The Carpenters’ Company of the City and County of Philadelphia, founded in 1724, commenced plans to build its great Carpenters’ Hall in 1768 using plans by Robert Smith; they published their rule book in 1786. In 1772, a group of cabinet and chair makers published a 36-page tract called Prices of Cabinet and Chair Work, suggesting an as-yet unknown organization had formed.14 Philadelphia cabinet and chair makers, whose wares had to compete with imported furniture, were greatly outnumbered by house carpenters and master builders, whose work was supported by the rate and necessity of building. This fact is substantiated by the numbers of apprentices documented to the two trades between 1771 and 1773 and the number of architects and builders who marched in the July 4, 1788 Grand Federal Procession—450 according to Francis Hopkinson’s account—in comparison to a little over one hundred cabinet and chair makers.15 But numbers do not preclude the fact that architecture and furniture follow the same principles as equal parts of a built environment, sought inspiration from the same published designs, and utilized the skills of the same artisans in tandem: in the cabinet and chair makers’ procession, Hopkinson reported that chair maker Jedediah Snowden carried “the rules of architecture” and that the carvers and gilders (led by Reynolds and Jugiez) were described in the Grand Federal Procession as “house, furniture, and coach carvers”—their importance to architecture, furniture, and coach building alike recognized. With the tradition of architect-designed furniture alive and well in the eighteenth century in the work of architect William Buckland (1734–1774) in Virginia among others, it continued in the nineteenth century with B. Henry Latrobe (1764–1820) and Frank Furness (1839–1912), in the twentieth century with Mies van der Rohe, Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown, Frank Gehry and others, and continues today (Figs. 13 & 14). The double entendre of the cabinet and chair makers’ Grand Federal Procession banner motto “By unity we support society” reminded patrons of the importance of chairs, tables, cases of drawers, and more to early Philadelphians.

bind: New light on Philadelphia cabinetmaker Thomas Affleck,” The Magazine ANTIQUES, vol 177, no 5, pp. 152-157. Cashbook, 1765-1771, p. 22, volume 32, Wharton Family Papers, Historical Society of Pennsylvania. 8

The Pennsylvania Journal, December 15, 1768.

In his will, Smith assigned Affleck guardianship of Smith’s children, and Isabella Gordon requested in her will that Smith’s wife and Hannah Redwood Fisher (Mrs. Miers Fisher) offer maternal advice to her children. Rufus W. Griswold, The Republican

Court (New York: Appleton & Company, 1868), p. 257. Pennsylvania Packet, November 8, 1784 and The Freeman’s Journal, March 16, 1785. 11

File W-26, 1795, Register of Wills, Philadelphia City Hall. 12

For facsimiles of the receipts, see Nicolas Biddle Wainwright, Colonial Grandeur: The House and Furniture of General John Cadwalader (Philadelphia, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1964)

Fig. 13 (Chair): Purchased with the gift (by exchange) of Mrs. Alex Simpson, Jr., and A. Carson Simpson, and with funds contributed by Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Raley and various donors, 1986, Philadelphia Museum of Art Digital Photography, 2009

Fig. 14 (Desk): Gift of George Wood Furness, 1974, photo courtesy of the Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2004

See facsimile copy, The 1772 Philadelphia Furniture Price Book: A Facsimile, introduction and guide by Alexandra Alevizatos Kirtley, (Philadelphia, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Primary Sources in American Art, no. 2, 2004). Records of Indenture, Philadelphia City Archives, Philadelphia. Francis Hopkinson, “An Account of the Grand Federal Procession,” as found in The Miscellaneous Essays and Occasional Writings of Francis Hopkinson, Esq. (1792), Vol. 2, pp. 349-422.

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18th-Century Raised-Panel Furniture and Interiors

A CELEBRATION O F J O I N E RY at the Chester County Historical Society B y L au r a B e t h S i m o

“JOINERY, is an Art Manual, whereby several Pieces of Wood are so fitted and join’d together by Straight-line, Squares, Miters or any Bevel, that they shall seem one intire Piece.” –J oseph M oxon , M echanick ’ s E xercises , L ondon : 1683

Fig. 2 Photo by George Fistrovitch

n the decades after its founding in 1682, a vibrant tradition of furniture making took shape in Chester County. Grounded in the conservative culture of the rural Quaker communities dotted across the county’s southern townships, it favored the existing styles, forms, and construction techniques of the late seventeenth century executed in local woods. But rather than merely replicating old pieces, it incorporated English, Welsh, Irish, Scottish, and even Continental influences into its traditionalist framework. The result was highly individual and often lyrical furniture in a distinctive hybrid vernacular style that remained popular for most of the eighteenth century. Line-and-berry inlay—derived from Welsh precedents—is arguably the trait most identified with eighteenth-century Chester County furniture; a second, equally important characteristic is frame-and-panel construction. This system of building, adapted by medieval woodworkers from large-scale, timber-frame structures, employs mortise-and-tenon joints secured with wooden pegs or pins to create square or rectangular frames with boards “floating” in grooves cut along their inside edges. These sturdy modules easily assemble into larger configurations ideal for covering walls and forming sides of cases. While fielded or raised paneling, named for having boards with a projecting center and beveled edges, remained popular for interior or “fitted” woodwork such as fireplace surrounds, staircases, cupboards, doors, and shutters in England and her colonies well past 1750, paneled furniture rapidly declined in popularity after 1700, with few exceptions. In southeastern Pennsylvania—and Chester County, in particular—the eighteenth-century was a golden age of joinery. Even with access to the latest designs and construction techniques, the county’s furniture makers persisted in crafting frameand-panel seating and case furniture. They additionally applied these centuries-old skills to produce a form unique to Chester County: the raised-panel tall chest of drawers.

Fig. 1 Photo by Gavin Ashworth

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T h e Wo o d w o r k i n g Tr a d e s i n 18 t h - c e n t u r y C h e s t e r C o u n t y The eighteenth-century joiner in southeastern Pennsylvania was, in essence, a “jack-of-all-woodworking-trades.” More akin to his rural English counterparts than to those living in London where craft guilds enforced divisions of labor, he was largely free to practice the skills of the joiner, carpenter, turner, and cabinetmaker. Period documents underscore the desirability, if not necessity, of mastering these associated trades. A considerable percentage of craftsmen’s inventories, for example, list separate lots of joiner’s, carpenter’s, and turner’s tools (typically one or two lathes); with these at hand, one man could produce just about any architectural or furniture part imaginable. Craftsmen passed these combined skills on to their apprentices, such as Thomas Gorman, whose indenture to Isaac Wickersham in

1750 specified he will “learn to be a carpenter & Joyner.” Significantly, the terms “joiner” and “carpenter” occur interchangeably in Chester County records from the 1700s but “cabinetmaker” first appears at the turn of nineteenth century and even then quite seldom. Whether this denotes a popular preference for “joiners” as practical, multi-skilled craftsmen or a bias against “cabinetmakers” for assuming they can only perform a limited number specialized tasks remains under debate.

T h e P r o d u c t s o f C h e s t e r C o u n t y ’s “Joi ner- Car penters” No matter what they called themselves, Chester County craftsmen fabricated architectural woodwork and furniture. Attributing both products to the same maker or shop, however, is generally all but impossible. One exception is a built-in corner cupboard re-installed at the Chester County Historical Society from an unidentified house in the Nottingham area (Fig. 1). The peculiar keystone-shaped arch in its upper panel and the top-heavy proportions of its two cases recur in a second fitted cupboard in the Isaac and Mary Haines House (built in 1774 in what is now part of Rising Sun, Maryland) as well as a freestanding walnut corner cupboard at the Baltimore Museum of Art. This cupboard’s elaborate cornice moldings and fretwork show up on a paneled clothespress, while its unconventional tapering ogee foot with closed cusp (a shallow drilled hole) matches those on several chests of drawers. With these connections, a growing body of furniture and architecture can be assigned to the same maker or shop in the Nottingham area around 1770-1800. The Chester County Historical Society’s remarkable holdings of “wainscot” seating furniture include the only known initialed and dated frame-and-panel settle, which was bequeathed to the institution in 1909 (Fig. 2). Solidly joined with evenly matched walnut boards, its enclosed base resting directly on the ground; tall, angled back with six “tombstone”-arched panels; and thick Fig. 3 Photo by George Fistrovitch

Fig. 2 Detail Photo by George Fistrovitch

its crest rail; further examination could determine if these areas have been reshaped.

sawn arms on squat baluster supports, all point to a date before 1720 or 1730. However, the inlay at the center of its crest rail—“17 I P E 58”—records its manufacture some thirty years later. Its original owners, Isaac Pyle (17211794) and Elizabeth (Darlington) Pyle (1721-1776) were second-generation English Quakers whose families settled in the county’s south central townships. They married at Birmingham Meeting in 1750, then moved west to West Marlborough onto land that Isaac inherited from his father. Considering its great weight and size, the settle almost certainly was made there, yet its maker remains unknown as well as why it was made in 1758.

Two raised-paneled chests of drawers—the first a low chest with line-and-berry inlaid decoration and one panel on each side, and the second a high chest with two panels, exposed side tenons, arched drawers, and bold ogee feet— represent two groups made in Chester County (Figs. 4 and 5). Together, they illustrate how the county’s craftsmen embraced this form for decades and, along the way, created a new regional type. Period inventories indicate the case or chest of drawers originated with London’s middling sorts in the 1660s. It featured four tiers of drawers, often with two side-by-side drawers at the top—a form today called a “low chest.” A few joined examples with one flat, recessed panel on each side made in New England and Philadelphia survive, but all date to the first quarter of the eighteenth century. The lineand-berry inlaid low chest follows these earlier models, with drawer fronts flush with the case and double-arched molding applied on the front that masks how the case, drawer blades and dividers connect. Also consistent with seventeenthcentury joined chests, all four of its stiles (here hidden

For such a bold piece, the settle’s crest rail seems curiously unresolved. By contrast, an arm chair, also in the CCHS collection, typifies the majority of Chester County wainscot chairs (Fig. 3). Their antecedent is found in southeastern Lancashire and neighboring Cheshire, an area in North West England with geographic, historic and cultural ties to northern Wales. Based on this prototype and its Chester County offspring, one wonders if the Pyle settle originally had similar flat, round finials on its rear stiles and the lively fan-shape flanked by inward-curving cusps at the center of

2013 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how

to the floor. They sport identical base and crown moldings, a distinctive foot having a flat ogee profile, tightly curled cusp and flared base that is a variant of the “Nottingham foot” described earlier, and frame-and-panel sides with two equalsized, vertically stacked panels.

Fig. 4 Photo by Edward Huberty

It is this last trait—joined construction—that sets this group apart. As with the line-and-berry example, only their drawers are dovetailed, with decent, though far from expert, dovetails further indicating the hand of a joiner. But rather than hide their mode of manufacture, these chests of drawers celebrate it: large pegs on the front announce the drawer blades and dividers, while exposed or through tenons boldly dash down their sides’ front edges. These elements punctuate the consistently excellent walnut—clear of knots and even in color and grain—that was carefully selected for figure and durability. The high quality of these chests far exceeds utilitarian joinery and extends to sophisticated details not immediately seen. Such touches on the CCHS chest include full dustboards raised on their undersides and backboards paneled in two sections.

Conclusions behind straight bracket panels) extend to the floor to support the case. The compass-designed inlay pattern, however—deftly executed with harmonious scrolls terminating in three plump berries—directly ties it to mid-eighteenth century Chester County work often attributed to the southeastern townships.

Chester County occupies a special place in American decorative arts history for its thriving tradition of joined furniture in the eighteenth century, persisting decades after it declined elsewhere. But far from being backward or lagging, Chester County’s joiners forged their own furniture style and charted its own development. Even though its makers and owners knew of current trends in Philadelphia and elsewhere, raisedpanel furniture remained significant in these predominantly, though not exclusively Quaker, communities—so much so that they celebrated it in their own bold, but not boastful, version of the tall chest. Craftsmen took pride in making these pieces, generations of owners preserved them, and they have lasted. The large surviving number declares a reverence for quality and durability, family and community. As with so many other regional styles, discoveries remain and mysteries abound. They await us.

The second chest of drawers serves as a precise template for six tall chests, the largest group of this form attributed to Chester County yet identified and unique in colonial furniture. Unfortunately, all lack any history. Chests with five or more rows of drawers without legs or raised bases are scarcely seen in England or outside of Philadelphia and its environs; all of those in this group have six, with three arched drawers over two secured with “Quaker” or spring locks at the top. In addition, consistent with Chester County work, they are made of walnut with oak and chestnut combined with white cedar and hard pine for their secondary woods, and have side stiles that continue 2013 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how

Acknowledgements For their generous assistance, encouragement and support, the author wishes to thank Ellen Endslow and Heather Hansen at the Chester County Historical Society; Bailey Adams; Alan and Susan Andersen; Skip Chalfant; and Susan Hudson.

About the Author

William Pim, “His Book 1739 for Recording assignments of Servants etc.” Ms. 13521, Chester County Historical Society, West Chester, PA. 1

Margaret Berwind Schiffer, Arts and Crafts of Chester County, Pennsylvania (Exton, Pa.: Schiffer Publishing Ltd., 1980), pp. 14-17; and Benno M. Forman, “The Chest of Drawers in America, 1635-1730: The Origins of the Joined Chest of Drawers.” In Winterthur Portfolio 20, no. 1, pp. 29-30. 2

Wendy A. Cooper and Mark J. Anderson, “The Notthingham School of Furniture,” in American Furniture, ed. Luke Beckerdite (Milwaukee: Chipstone Foundation, 2011), pp. 125-130. 3

Laura Beth Simo served as the Associate Curator of Collections at George Washington’s Mount Vernon. She currently works in Alexandria, Virginia, as an independent decorative arts researcher and consultant. Should anyone know of another through-tenon high chest similar to the last example, you are welcome to contact her at pre-war@comcast.net.

The maker of this settle is uncertain. Long thought the work of Elizabeth Darlington’s brother, Abraham, Jr., a more recent suggestion is Moses Pyle, Isaac’s cousin and Elizabeth’s brother-in-law, who was a joiner living in West Marlborough in 1758; see Cooper and Minardi, Paint, Pattern & People, fn. 38, p. 208. The Pyle family, however, included several carpenters and joiners; another possibility is Moses’ cousin Joseph Pyle, who also lived in Marlborough. 4

The identical inlay pattern appears on a second low chest as well as splendid double-dome top desk-and-bookcase, both in a private collection. For an illustration of the desk-and-bookcase, see Cooper and Minardi, Paint, Pattern & People, fig. 2.25, p. 75; for additional examples featuring the same overall design see Lee Ellen Griffith, “Line-and-Berry Inlaid Furniture: A Regional Craft Tradition in Pennsylvania, 1682 1790” (Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1988), pp. 45-48. 5

S ele cte d bibl io g r aphy Bebb, Richard. Welsh Furniture, 1250-1950: A Cultural History of Craftsmanship and Design. 2 vols. Kidwelly, Carmarthenshire, U.K.: Saer Books, 2007. Chinnery, Victor. Oak Furniture: The British Tradition. Woodbridge, Suffolk, U.K.: Antique Collectors’ Club Ltd., 1979. Cooper, Wendy A. and Lisa Minardi. Paint, Pattern and People: Furniture of Southeastern Pennsylvania, 1725-1850. Winterthur, De.: The Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum, Inc., 2011. Cooper, Wendy and Mark J. Anderson. “The Nottingham School of Furniture.” In American Furniture, edited by Luke Beckerdite, 120 169. Milwaukee: Chipstone Foundation, 2011. Forman, Benno M. American Seating Furniture, 1630-1730: An Interpretive Catalogue. New York: W. W. Norton for the Henry Francis du Pont Museum & Company, 1988. Griffith, Lee Ellen. “Line-and-Berry Inlaid Furniture: A Regional Craft Tradition in Pennsylvania, 1682-1790.” Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1988. ______. The Pennsylvania Spice Box: Paneled Doors and Secret Drawers. West Chester, Pa.: Chester County Historical Society, 1986. Schiffer, Margaret Berwind. Arts and Crafts of Chester County, Pennsylvania. Exton, Pa.: Schiffer Publishing Ltd., 1980.

Fig. 5 Photo by Gavin Ashworth

______. Chester County, Pennsylvania Inventories, 1684-1850. Exton, Pa.: Schiffer Publishing Ltd., 1974. ______. Furniture and Its Makers of Chester County, Pennsylvania. Exton, Pa.: Schiffer Publishing Ltd., 1966.

2013 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how

deta il s pl at in um

Pamela C. Powell, Photo Archivist,Chester County Historical Society

The plate holder slid into position in the view camera with a decisive clunk. After careful preparation and with great anticipation, Charles Bradford pulled out the dark slide and released the shutter. He had been observing various angles of sunlight on the High Street School as he walked past it from his home on Dean Street.

The strong morning light w a s p e r f e c t

to capture all the detail.

Bradford used his artistic talents to benefit worthy causes in the community. His photographic exhibit at the dedication of the West Chester Public Library in 1888 was part of the attraction. He sold photographs of the cornerstone being laid at the Chester County Hospital for fifty cents each and donated the proceeds to the Hospital Fund.

Charles S. Bradford – High Street School (from the north), corner of High and Price Streets, West Chester, ca. 1890.

Photography at the fin-de-siècle was a deliberate art that involved careful planning and technical skill. After developing, fixing, and drying the plate in the darkroom, Bradford chose to make a platinum print, the fine art medium of the period. In this process, platinum salts replaced the silver nitrate used in other photographic processes. Unlike any other type of photographic process, platinum has a luminous quality that gives life to the subject through soft detail. The stable platinum is the most durable of all traditional photographic processes. Bradford (1842-1922) was an amateur photographer who dabbled in artistic photography in the days before the Brownie camera made photography accessible to the masses. He belonged to an early amateur club in West Chester and even exhibited his work with the Photographic Society of Philadelphia.

The Chester County Historical Society is fortunate to have many wonderful resources for studying architecture in its photo archives. Charles Bradford’s album of platinum prints of West Chester architecture is one of the true gems of the collection. Photographers in other parts of the county were also working in platinum. Anna Belle Swayne took photographs of sites made famous in Bayard Taylor’s novel The Story of Kennett, while Philadelphia fine art photographer Henry Troth visited northern Chester County to document “Langoma,” the Joseph D. Potts mansion, as well as area farms. You can visit Chester County Historical Society’s library Wednesday through Saturday from 9:30 am to 4:30 pm to see these treasures first hand. For more from the photo archives collection, please visit www.chestercohistorical.org/photoarchives. W. Andrew Boyd, comp., Boyd’s Chester County Directory 1882-83 (n.p.: W. Andrew Boyd, 1882), 39. 2 Daily Local News (West Chester, PA), November 11, 1922. 1

“The Philadelphia Exhibition,” Anthony’s Photographic Bulletin 17, no. 4 (1886): 116-117. 3

Daily Local News (West Chester, PA), February 8, 1888.

Daily Local News (West Chester, PA), July 21, 1893.

He displayed 23 photographs, including views of the Brandywine and figure studies at the landmark Photographic Salon of 1886, held at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. Sponsored by the Photographic Society of Philadelphia, this Salon was the first exhibit of photographs to be appreciated as works of art.

2013 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how

Charles S. Bradford – West Chester Library, ca. 1888.

Henry Troth – Wyebrook Bridge, West Nantmeal Township, PA [between 1905 and 1915].

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Anna Belle Swayne – Cedarcroft, home of Bayard Taylor, E. Marlborough Township [between 1890 and 1907].

Watson W. Dewees – Maulton Farm, West Marlborough Township, PA, [ca. 1910].

Charles S. Bradford – Interior view, Church of the Holy Trinity, West Chester, ca.1890. Bradford served on the church vestry and his son sang in the choir.

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T h e

S h o r t

C o u r s e

o n

H I S T O R I C M O R TA R BY RAY TSCHOEPE

Several years ago we were contracted to re-point a stone building whose original construction dates to the late eighteenth century. A survey of the building indicated that our campaign would be one in a long line of patch and fill repairs. A variety of mortars had been used since the final wing was added in the mid-nineteenth century. Prior to starting the project it was important to understand the masonry elements, the brick or stone, and the period of construction to determine how we should pair these with an appropriate mortar.

W H AT IS MORTA R?

months to fully cure. This “softness” often works in its favor, particularly when we use it with historic brick and soft stone.

In general mortars can be lime based or Portland cement based. And to confuse matters, it is not uncommon for them to employ both. Traditional mortars are lime mortars derived from limestone. Used for centuries, a mixture of approximately 1 part lime and 3 parts sand has been the basis of hundreds of thousands of building efforts worldwide.

Functionally speaking, a mortar must possess several qualities. Initially, it should aid in the laying up of a masonry wall by lubricating the final setting and leveling of each element. After curing or hardening, the mortar must achieve several objectives. First, it needs to spread the weight of the building material over a wide area. That is, the weight of each stone or brick should not be concentrated on an irregularity or a “high spot,” but rather should be spread over the entire surface of the stone below. Second, it must make the building weather tight. Wind driven rain should not be able to make its way to the interior wall spaces. Third, it should readily pass water vapor, particularly from interior spaces, so that it is not forced into the brick or the stone. Fourth, it should be softer than the individual bricks or stones. That is, it should “flex” in response to settling or to the expansion and contraction of porous building material. Finally, the mortar contributes greatly to the overall appearance of the building. It should be mixed to match the original not only in formulation, but also in color, texture, and tooling.

For thousands of years, mortars have also been formulated from a variety of materials known as natural cements. These limestone deposits contain certain clays and other “impurities” that allow them to harden underwater. Much of the extant structures of ancient Rome employ these natural cements or Pozzolans (volcanic ash). In 1756 Joseph Smeaton produced what was probably the first factory-made hydraulic lime. This in many ways mimicked the natural cements by adding material (clays, ash, etc.) during the lime burning process. In 1824, Joseph Aspdin patented a process for manufacturing a very hard hydraulic cement, calling it Portland cement. This was designed to answer the needs of the ever-growing building industry. To this day Portland cement remains the staple of the building industry worldwide. When added to straight lime mortar, it sets up more quickly and much harder. Lime, on the other hand, slow to set, has only a fraction of the compressive strength of Portland cement and can require

HOW D O W E DET ER M I N E T H E BEST MORTA R FOR A BU I LDI NG ? A little preliminary investigation can go a long way toward answering a number of essential questions. Your primary concern should be to formulate a mortar that is compatible with

2013 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how

The results of too-hard mortar can be spalling of soft, pre-1860s brick (left) and some soft stones such as rubble fieldstones (right).

the building material and achieves the visual appearance of the original (see Mortar Mixes box). First, try to determine the age of your building. This is particularly important if it is brick, since the manufacturing process has changed considerably over the years.

mortar since there are undoubtedly many soft stones among the field. If your house has been re-pointed several times over its lifetime, try to locate some of the original mortar. We find that this can usually be located in places that are difficult to access with a hammer and chisel so that past re-pointing efforts usually avoided it. Look just under eaves or under the lower edge of rake boards or behind porch elements (porches were often added later).

Bricks are composed chiefly of clay. Until the mid-nineteenth century they were produced by hand packing molds sprinkled with sand or water, depending on the desired finish. Hand molding and small scale firing produced bricks of uneven quality. Bricks close to the fire were sometimes burned and deformed, while those at the rear of the kiln were usually quite soft having received insufficient heat to initiate the sintering process that binds the brick together. By the late nineteenth century however, extruded, wire cut bricks were replacing even the machine packed and kiln fired brick that dominated mid-nineteenth-century construction. To be safe, it is reasonable to assume that if your house was constructed after 1890, it is very likely to have been built with relatively hard brick. If construction was completed before the Civil War, the brick is very likely a soft brick. The interim period saw brick of a variety of strengths. Paralleling this period of brick production was the availability of hard Portland cement. First produced in the Lehigh Valley of Pennsylvania in 1871, it quickly began to supplement and later supplant lime mortars. From about 1880 to World War II, mortars were likely to contain both lime and Portland cement. Masons took advantage of its ability to reach high strength early and to outlast ordinary lime mortars. By the second half of the twentieth century most bagged masonry cements contained Portland cement and sand with little to no lime.

W H AT TO USE . Since stone is quarried and not manufactured it is far more difficult to choose a soft or hard mortar as the appropriate material. Generally, hard mortars are quite appropriate with hard stones such as granite. If you are unsure however, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s always best to err on the side of softer mortar. This holds true with bricks to an even greater degree. When in doubt, always use a softer mix (see Mortar Mixes box). If you are hiring a mason, ask him questions about the mix he is going to use and more importantly ask him why. Have him point a small area (perhaps 2 feet square) so that you can evaluate the color match. With the information that you have collected

M O RTA R BRICK

SAND

MIX LIME

PORTLAND

3 10

1 3

0 1 (white)

Mid-19th Century

Modern

Soft

If you have a stone house, it is best to use the mortar that was either contemporary to the earliest construction phase or sample the mortar for hardness. Rubble wall houses laid up with a variety of stones should opt for a softer

M I X E S

(pressed)

2013 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how

TH E

LI M E

C YC LE

Lime or calcium oxide is not mined, but it is manufactured in a fairly simple process. The origins can only be the subject of speculation but the basic process has been known for many years. Limestone which is a form of calcium carbonate (CaCO3 +H2O) is quarried and crushed. It is then heated to approximately 1200-1400°F. Heat drives off water and about your house, you should be in a good position to discuss the most appropriate formulation. Don’t be afraid to insist on a softer mortar. The only problem associated with a soft mortar is the potential to require re-pointing a bit sooner. The disadvantages of using a mortar mix that is too hard, however, can be quite harmful to the bricks and stone. When mortar is formulated too hard, the bricks become the sacrificial portion of the wall particularly when movement within the masonry units exerts pressure on the mortar joints. Hard mortars can also force water vapor to exit through the bricks or soft stones. Condensing water sometimes carries salts from the mortar and evaporates harmlessly on the surface leaving behind a white fluffy residue called efflorescence. Sometimes however, the residue does not form on the surface, but rather inside the brick or stone (subflorescence). Since the dry salts have a greater volume than those in solution, the increased pressure below the surface will often scale off the surface of the brick or stone (spalling). When the bricks are harder than the mortar, the water vapor will always take the path of least resistance and escape through the mortar joint. Here if there is deterioration from salt bloom, it is easy to repair. The more we understand the materials and processes surrounding our building, the better equipped we are to make the choices that will add years to the life of an aging building. Ray Tschoepe is Director of Conservation at Fairmount Park Historic Preservation Trust. A version of this article appeared in Old-House Journal, January/February 2008; it is reprinted with permission.

carbon dioxide (CO2) thereby creating basic lime or calcium oxide (CaO). Calcium oxide is then recombined with water into slaked lime. The resulting chemical reaction is quite impressive, giving off a great deal of heat before a relatively benign paste called lime putty results. When mixed with sand or other aggregates and molded or smoothed, a further chemical reaction results in the re-combining of the lime mixture with atmospheric carbon dioxide. This yields calcium carbonate (limestone) and water. We are back to where we started.

Limestone quarry in Brønnøy, Norway.

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Freedom—experience it at a whole new level when you choose retirement living at Jenner’s Pond. Here, you can free yourself of the burdens associated with home upkeep and maintenance. Here, nothing is dictated and opportunities for fun, creativity, learning and socializing abound each day. Our friendly staff is always ready to serve you and you can enjoy greater peace of mind knowing health care services will be available, should you ever need them. Make the most of today. Call to schedule a personal visit.

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LOVE LOCAL? FIg WEsT CHEsTER PROUdLY sUPPORTs THE HERITagE PREsERvEd bY THE 2013 CHEsTER COUNTY aNTIqUEs sHOW. 速

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T H E H AV E R F O R D T R U S T C O M PA N Y Call Joseph J. McLaughlin, Jr., Chairman & CEO, for more information about Haverford T 610 -995 -8702 / www.haverfordquality.com PH-Chester County Life-p1*:Layout 1

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Visit AFAMAG.COM to Register for a FREE 2-YEAR Online Subscription

Visit AFANEWS.COM for Breaking News, Events & Articles on the Art Market

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ALL CLASSICAL ALL THE TIME

“Do I know you can listen to BrandywineRadio.com on your iPhone? Can you hum a few bars?”

BrandywineRadio.com News so local that we even report lost dogs

We WelcomeYou to Make Your Family a Part of Ours

Celebr

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HARRISON

ea rs ating 40 YARRISO SENIOR LIVING

of caring for

For generations, our compassionate communities have gone hand in hand with professional excellence. An unwavering commitment to resident health, safety and comfort forms the core of every service. Please visit our newly remodeled, affordable independent apartments and personal care suites or rooms. You’ll see why so many residents call Harrison House of Coatesville home.

We invite you to explore all we have to offer

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•  Medical Equipment

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Main Line Today magazine â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Proud to support the community where we live, work and play. mainlinetoday.com | 610.325.4630 jbraun@mainlinetoday.com

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Visit the Brandywine Valley Every Day!

Subscribe to Chester County Life… and enjoy the wonders of Greater Chester County!

Our website provides even more of the elegance, insight and indispensable information readers have come to expect from The Hunt – the only magazine that celebrates the fascinating people and places of the Brandywine Valley. From an expanded Calendar of Events to expert advice, The Hunt delivers quality in print and online.

Celebrating the Pleasures of Today’s Sophisticated Family Lifestyle

Your Interactive Life in the Brandywine Valley! For advertising information please call 443.909.7828

Wagsworth Manor Pet Resort Created an Animal Kingdom

Celebrating the Pleasures of Today’s Sophisticated Family Lifestyle

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West Chester Welcomes Hotel Warner…

Hotel Warner Welcomes West Chester

Changing Lives...

One Beautiful Smile at a Time • Listen In On the Literary Lane at www.DavidsBookTalk.com

• A Better Way to Teach Tennis • Hill Cadillac is Overjoyed… and So Are Customers

• Stretch Your Wings: Pavillon du Soleil Can Help

• 100 Years Devoted to Homecare and Hospice

THE HUNT

• Choosing a School – Part II • Chic & Simple – Always a Treasure

• Outdoor Living Spaces: Building Family Quality Time and Property Value

• Montgomery School – Strong Leadership Building Strong Leaders

• Malvern Retreat House... Life-Changing Retreats

• Wayne Art Center: Four Seasons of Art in Bloom

WINTER 2012/2013

• Helping Women Regain Their Appearance, Self-Confidence, and Overall Quality of Life

• Devon Horse Show and Country Fair... Where Tradition, Talent, and Good Times Touch

• Brandywine Hospital is Treating Stroke Patients the High-Tech Way

• A Taste of Olive Takes it Outside

• Revitalizing Lives Through Replacement Surgery

WWW . THEHUNTMAGAZINE . COM

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1/23/13 11:46 AM

PETER ZIMMERMAN ARCHITECTS BERWYN, PA . (610) 647-6970 . WWW.PZARCHITECTS.COM

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Landscaping | Gift Shop Mulch/Soil/Stone | Nursery 376 Paoli Pike | Malvern, PA 19355 MAKE MAIN LINE GARDENS YOUR FIRST AND LAST STOP FOR BREATHTAKING LANDSCAPING DESIGN Our team of landscaping professionals takes a full service approach to designing, delivering and installing your outdoor vision. We offer continued maintenance to make sure that your landscape remains beautiful year round.

OUR LANDSCAPING SERVICES INCLUDE:

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ph: 888.317.3150 | fax: 610.695.0134 2013 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how

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Gramercy Park by Wood-Mode.

For your nearest Wood-Mode dealer, call

Wall & Walsh, Inc. 8320 West Chester Pike Upper Darby, PA 19082 610-789-8530 or visit www.wood-mode.com

For your home. For your life. For our environment. ÂŠ2012 Wood-Mode, Inc.

Building quality and trust with every landmark... it’s how Wohlsen works!

A Y N E

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TEL

55 North Cedar Street • Lititz, PA • 717-626-6776 www.andersenandstauffer.com

From top and left to right: Chester County Historical Society, Brandywine River Museum, Longwood Hilton Garden Inn, PECO Energy Corporate Offices, Kennett Square YMCA

At Wohlsen Construction we have over 120 years of quality in our name. We continue that tradition with each landmark we help to create in Southeast Pennsylvania. Our corporate pride is best reflected by our work. To learn more about Wohlsen and how we can best work with you, please visit WohlsenConstruction.com

Copy of the Whitehorn Kneehole Bureau, Newport, RI, circa 1780.

WohlsenConstruction.com

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"Conserving Treasured Resources Natural and Architectural."

610.388.3202 | w w w . l i n d s ay c o n s t r u c t i o n i n c . c o m fine custom home building ~ expansion & renovation ~ period restoration

kitchens • baths • master bedroom suites • carriage houses

WWW.GENEROCITY.ORG

Stay informed • Get connected • Be involved in Greater Philadelphia social good

Scan this QR code to sign up for our newsletter Follow us on Twitter: @generocity

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NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2012

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2012

MAY/JUNE 2012

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2012

MARCH/APRIL 2012

Ninety years

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Contact us today for all of your heating & cooling needs • Geothermal Experts • NATE Certified Technicians • Maintenance Agreements

• Trane Comfort Specialist • 24/7 Emergency Service • Radiant Heat Installation

Brandywine Valley is locally owned and operated and has been serving the Greater West Chester Area for over 20 years

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HISTORIC SUGARTOWN � � ��

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“BEING

GOOD STEWARDS OF OUR CLIENTS’ ASSETS IS A ROLE WE TAKE SERIOUSLY.” Larry Berglund Senior Vice President Portfolio Manager

A FINANCIAL DEFINITION OF THE TERM.

Stewardship is not just about maintenance. To us, it also involves strategic management, exacting accountability, and a responsive partnership with our clients. And, our responsibilities are not confined to the present but extend to meet the needs of future generations.

CALL BILL HAINES OR MIKE THOMPSON AT 610.975.4300

800.975.4316

R A D N O R , PA W W W. P E N N T R U S T. C O M

Since 1904, providing legal services for businesses, governmental entities and individuals Firm founder Robert S. Gawthrop served as District Attorney and Pennsylvania Deputy Attorney General.

Robert’s son, Thomas Gawthrop, served as Chester County District Attorney and later served on the Bench.

Gawthrop Greenwood attorneys join with other members of the Chester County Bar Association for a group photo in 1913.

We When Celebrate Our Past, We Honor Our Commitment To The Future of Chester County.

The firm’s 2004 renovation and occupation of the historic Penn Mutual Insurance building preserved an important part of the borough’s history.

Serving the community since 1904, Gawthrop Greenwood, PC is proud to support the Chester County Historical Society 2013 Antiques Show.

Gawthrop Greenwood, PC Attorneys at Law

Offering a diverse range of legal services in nearly 20 practice areas including:

• Estate Planning and Trust & Estate Administration • Tax Matters • Commercial Transactions • Business Succession Planning • Business Litigation • Real Estate and Land Use

View all our practice areas at

www.gawthrop.com

17 E. Gay Street Suite 100 P.O. Box 562 West Chester, PA 19381-0562 Phone: 610.696.8225 Fax: 610.344.0922

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WE ARE PROUD TO SUPPORT

CHESTER COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY Please call Geoffrey M. Rogers for a personal conversation. 302-661-2900 | geoff.rogers@glenmede.com | www.glenmede.com

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A Proud Sponsor of the CCHS 2013 Antiques Show

A UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY TO MARKET YOUR PRESENCE IN THE COMMUNITY AND REACH AN IMPORTANT TARGETED CONSUMER GROUP. The Womenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Journal of Chester County publications offers your business a unique platform to market your presence in the community through a highly focused, educational and informational approach. Targeted to women , but relevant to all.

Call 610.563.8644 or visit www.womensjournalcc.com to learn more.

In Print and Online

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747 Constitution Drive Suite 110 Exton, PA 19341 484-348-6266 dmarinucci@financialguide.com

Dominic Marinucci

My primary objective is to help you achieve financial freedom in a complex and constantly changing world by recommending products that can help you achieve what is most important to you.

PROFESSIONAL SPECIALTIES: • • • • • • • •

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• •

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Investments Portfolio Management Financial Planning Services Individual Retirement Planning Estate Planning Annuities College Savings Life, Disability Income, and Long Term Care Insurance Business Succession Strategies Business Retirement Plans

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Bachelor of Business Administration, Temple University Investment Advisor Representative – MML Investors Services, LLC Registered Representative - MML Investors Services, Inc. FINRA Registrations: Series 7, Series 66 Life, Accident, Health & Long Term Care Insurance

PERSONAL: • Spouse - Becky • Resides – Chester County, PA • Favorite activities - avid cyclist, travelling Community involvement: • The Chester County Pops Orchestra, President • Rotary Club of West Chester Downtown • West Chester Cycling Club • Greater West Chester Chamber of Commerce Dominic Marinucci is a registered representative of and offers securities, investment advisory, and financial planning services through MML Investors Services, LLC, Member SIPC. 100 Corporate Center Drive #201, Camp Hill, PA 17011. (717) 763.7365. CRN201502-169054.

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or k Wit W

fes sion

Join us at our new location: Chester County Historical Society 225 North High Street, West Chester, PA

ACTING CLASSES MUSICAL THEATER CLASSES www.westchesterstudio.com

SUMMER CAMPS SPRING SHOW EMAIL

therese@westchesterstudio.com

PHONE

484.995.2915

Quality, Service and Integrity

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McCOMSEYBUILDERS,INC general contractor | construction management | design/build PA R K E S B U R G , PA 610-593-2157 MCCOMSEYBUILDERS.COM

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Everyday. Beauty. Spring Blooms March 29–May 19

Festival of Fountains May 25–September 2

Autumn’s Colors September 7–November 24

A Longwood Christmas November 28–January 12

longwoodgardens.org

The Chester County Historical Society.

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Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s not what you know about your garden, but who you know. Do you know Jack?

Our award winning designers (including Jack) are transforming landscapes... creating native, contemporary and romantic gardens where dreams are realized through horticultural craftsmanship and innovative design. %

Just Call to Meet Jack and Joe.

Residential Landscape

61 Stoney Bank Road | Glen Mills, PA 19342 | ph 610-459-5100

Master Planning

Installation

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First Dental of West Chester Carol Voss, DMD, Iliana Tati, DMD & George Marcantonis, DMD

Family Dentistry Serving Chester County For Over 70 Years

2 2 7 W E S T M I N ER S T R E E T

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DRIVE SENIOR DEFENSIVE DRIVING

& Driver Improvement

•

7-hour Basic & 4-hour Refresher courses available

•

Learn to stay safer & keep driving longer

•

Auto insurance discounts may apply*

•

Classroom or online

Available in West Chester, Springfield, King of Prussia & NE Philly

To register or learn more, visit AAA.com/DriverTraining or call 877-457-0711.

AAA. Use it for all it’s worth.®

*Licensed PA drivers age 55 and older may receive a minimum 5% insurance discount on all auto premiums for 3 years upon completion of senior defensive driving course. Specific state program benefits such as insurance discount would apply only to eligible Pennsylvania license holders.

Proud to support the 2013 CCHS Antiques Show! Penn Liberty Bank is honored to be a part of the Chester County community. We are a locally owned and managed community bank dedicated to providing unsurpassed customer service to our clients. Stop by and experience exceptional banking!

Blue Bell 472 Norristown Rd. 610-535-4800

Chester Springs 210 Font Rd. 610-535-4830

Downingtown 1201 E. Lancaster Ave. 610-535-6820

East Goshen 1301 Paoli Pike 610-535-4850

Limerick 543 N. Lewis Rd. 610-535-4880

Malvern 199 Lancaster Ave. 610-535-4820

Paoli 1 W. Lancaster Ave. 610-535-4890

Trooper 2724 Ridge Pike 610-535-4860

Wayne 724 W. Lancaster Ave. 610-535-4580

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Discover the art in your own backyard...

Rain, Sleet or Snow... Your Event Will Flow

• Weddings • Graduations • Bar/Bat Mitzvahs • Bridal/Baby Showers • Corporate Events • Holiday Parties • Surprise Parties (Hide the cars!) • Birthdays • Anniversaries • Charity Events • Cocktail Parties • Family Reunions • Memorial Services

Let us show you how to see the art in painting, sculpture, architecture and more!

Serving the Greater Philadelphia area with a commitment to excellence, service and value. Whether you are planning an intimate dinner party for 10 guests or a charity gala for 1000, our staff will treat each affair with the individual attention it deserves. We provide personalized service and affordable rates. We appreciate the opportunity to serve you, and look forward to meeting with you.

Alber-Haff Parking Service Premier Valet Service for All Occasions • Over 70 Years of Service

The Violette

140 South Easton Road • Glenside, PA 215-884-2568 • www.alberhaffparking.com

Foundation

Mazia

Insured Services • Uniformed Attendants • In Business Since 1935

Political Parade Banner by William and Thomas Howard, Charlestown Twp. Courtesy of Chester County Historical Society

The Original Parking Service!

www.demazia.org 610-971-9960

EXPLORE a place for fun and adventure every day!

William R. Firth, Jr., D.D.S.

YMCA of the Brandywine Valley

COMPREHENSIVE DENTISTRY

Summer Day Camps Lasting Memories • New Experiences • Best Friends • Traditional Day Camps • Specialty Camps • Sports Camps • Gymnastics Camps • Aquatic Camps

• Skateboard and Adventure Camps • Teen Camps • Preschool Camps

Brandywine YMCA Jennersville YMCA Kennett Area YMCA 610-380-9622 610-869-9622 610-444-9622

337 West Lancaster Avenue Wayne, PA 19087

Octorara YMCA Program Center 610-593-9622

610.995.9744

West Chester Area YMCA 610-431-9622

Oscar Lasko Youth Program Center 610-696-9622

(directly across from Minella’s Diner)

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P E N N PA S S P O R T ACCESS PERSONAL HEALTH CARE SERVICES ANYTIME, ANYWHERE

PENN PASSPORT is proud to support the

Chester County Historical Society’s Antiques Show.

INSLEE ANTIQUES

Whether at home or abroad, Penn Passport facilitates:

In Business for Over 40 Years

24/7 access to personal electronic medical records and images

Now also at our shop in Guthriesville

Access to high-end prevention and diagnostic services

1182 Horseshoe Pike, Downingtown, PA (Route 322, 3.5 miles West of Downingtown)

Coordinated health services including aeromedical evacuation and travel medicine

610-269-6389 Wed-Sat 10-5

Buying & selling silver and gold of all descriptions, coins & nice antiques of all sorts.

Jonathan & J. William Inslee – www.insleesilver.com

Offering Fine Silver Sat. & Sun. 10:30-5:00

TO BECOME A MEMBER OR LEARN MORE, CONTACT: AMY STIMSON | Penn Medicine, Business Development 215.662.7640 | amy.stimson@uphs.upenn.edu

At The Pennsbury-Chadds Ford Antique Mall 640 E. Baltimore Pike, Chadds Ford, PA • 610-388-2387

THE VINTNER’S APPRENTICE BY WINEMAKER ERIC MILLER

Auctioneers and Appraisers of Fine Estates and Collections for 81 Years

“

With forward by “Windows on the World” Author Kevin Zraly Reading this book is like sitting on the winemaker’s shoulder…. Eric Miller, Author

Weekly Estate Public Variety Auctions Every Friday at 4PM Special Estate Antique and Fine Art Auctions

”

Real Estate Auctions Solutions for Seniors and Downsizers Isaac Vose, Boston Rosewood Sew Stand. Estate Appraisal Sold December 7, 2012 for $56,350 Services

Briggs Auction, Inc. 1347 Naamans Creek Rd • Garnet Valley, PA 19060 info@briggsauction.com • BriggsAuction.com 610.566.3138 (Office) • 610.485.0412 (Showroom)

In this book loaded with stunning wine photography, Eric combines narrative on his personal journey through a lifetime of winemaking and wine drinking with a discussion on the art and process of making wine…from what grapes to plant in the vineyard to what you can expect in the final product. His interviews with top notch winemakers from the US, France, Italy, South Africa, Australia, Chile and Germany give great insights into winemaking around the world.

Across from the Booth’s Corner Farmer’s Market, in the heart of the Brandywine Valley AU00098-L Auctions • Appraisals • Real Estate

AVAILABLE AT AMAZON.COM AND OTHER RETAILERS 2013 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how

Alan & Mary Liz Pomeroy

Dr. John & Barbara Spellman

Charles Piola, CCHS Trustee, & Sarah Papenhausen

Richard & Martha Coyle

Tom Comitta, West Chester Mayor Carolyn Comitta, Rhoda & Michael Kahler

Becky Lukens & Rob Lukens, CCHS President

H.L. (Skip) Chalfant

Tara McDonald, Stephen McDonald, Gerri Zumbano, Roger Huggins & George Zumbano, CCHS Board Vice Chair

Stephan Shapiro, Alice Shapiro & Philip Bradley

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PREVIEW PARTY FOR THE ANTIQUES SHOW

Dale Frens, Ruth Van Tassel, Don Baumann, Hope Wood

Tom McIntyre, CCHS Trustee, & Ida McIntyre

Past Show Chair Kristine Lisi & Mary Bigham

Susan & Michael Hudson

Francis Jacobs, CCHS Trustee, Jack & Jane Ann Hornberger

David Iams, Saunders Dixon, Sallie Dixon, Karen Simmons, Kathy Dress, Chester County Commissioner Terence Farrell & Judy Rosato

CCHS President Dr. Rob Lukens, PECOâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Jeff Gordon, April Adams & Craig Adams, President and CEO, PECO

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Elle Shushan

Maria Archer & Peter Archer

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2013 antiques show exhibitors A Bird in Hand Antiques

Greg K. Kramer & Co.

5 Casper Court | Florham Park, NJ 07932 joyce@abirdinhand.com ~ 973.410.0077 abirdinhand.com

27 West Freeman Street | Robesonia, PA 19551 greg@gregkramerandco.com ~ 610.693.3223 gregkramerandco.com

Ayscough Antiques

Hanes & Ruskin Antiques 111 Boston Post Road | Old Lyme, CT 06371 info@hanesandruskin.com ~ 860.434.1800 hanesandruskin.com

198 Harvey Road | Chadds Ford, PA 19317 eayscough@gmail.com ~ 856.478.0300

Back In Time L.L.C.

Heller-Washam Antiques

1007 North Easton Road | Doylestown, PA 18902 dan@classicalvintageguitars.com ~ 267.247.2002

1235 Congress Street | Portland, ME 04102 donaldaheller@gmail.com ~ 207.773.8288

Britannia House Antiques

H.L. Chalfant American Fine Art & Antiques

1053 Lea Drive | Collegeville, PA 19426 pobox705@msn.com ~ 215.292.3149 thebritanniahouse.com

1352 Paoli Pike | West Chester, PA 19380 info@hlchalfant.com ~ 610.696.1862 hlchalfant.com

David Pownall Willis

Holly Peters Oriental Rugs & Home 109 South Broad Street | Kennett Square, PA hollypetersrugs@aol.com ~ 610.444.6032 hollypeters.com

909 Madison Avenue | Plainfield, NJ 07060 cameo98@bellatlantic.net ~ 908.757.0102 davidpownallwillis.com

J. Gallagher

Dixon- Hall Fine Art

P.O. Box 69 | North Norwich, NY 13814 jamesirons2@yahoo.com ~ 607.334.4020 antiqueandirons.com

130 Potter’s Pond Drive | Phoenixville, PA 19460 dixonhall@verizon.net ~ 610.935.2570 dixonhallfineart.com

James M. Kilvington, Inc.

Dover House Antiques

P.O. Box 4666 | Greenville, DE 19807 jkilv@comcast.net ~ 302.270.1869

2000 Frankfurt Avenue | Louisville, KY 20206 crsmith2002@aol.com ~ 502.899.1699

Johanna Antiques

Dubey’s Art and Antiques, Inc.

P.O. Box 418 | Kingsville, MD 21087 lordsaleapin@aol.com ~ 410.937.3444

807 North Howard Street | Baltimore, MD 21201 pdubey@dubeysantiques.com ~ 410.383.2881 dubeysantiques.com

John Chaski Antiques 11 North Main Street| Camden, DE 19934 john@johnchaski.com ~ 302.448.6492 johnchaski.com

Edward J. Rayeur Antiques 424 4th Avenue | Bethlehem, PA 18018 ejrrayeur@verizon.net ~ 610.868.5443

Joseph J. Lodge P.O. Box 310 | Lederach, PA 19450 josephjlodge@hotmail.com ~ 215.206.6127

Emele’s Antiques 443 Route 313 | Dublin, PA 18917 emelesantiques@hotmail.com ~ 215.249.9123

Kelly Kinzle Antiques P.O. Box 235 | New Oxford, Pennsylvania 17350 kellykinzle@comcast.net ~ 717.495.3395

David Good & Sam Forsythe 7887 State Route 177 | Camden, OH 45311 samforsythe@sbcglobal.net ~ 513.796.2693

Malcolm Magruder P.O. Box 124 | Millwood, VA 22646 malcolm8@verizon.net ~ 540.837.2438

Marc Witus Antiques P.O. Box 405, | Gladstone, NJ 07934 mwitus@netzero.net ~ 908.234.1436

2013 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how

2013 antiques show exhibitors Margaret Johnson Sutor Antiques

The Bar and Diamond

271 Fox Hound Drive | Lafayette Hill, PA 19444 gaudybutterfly@comcast.net ~ 215.402.8571

P.O. Box 158 | Strasburg, PA 17579

The Fassnachts

Neverbird Antiques

P.O. Box 795 | Canandaigua, NY 14424 sampler@frontiernet.net ~ 585.229.4199

P.O. Box 479 | Surry, VA 23883 w.subjack@verizon.net ~ 757.294.9296 neverbirdantiques.com

The Hanebergs Antiques

Paul J. DeCoste Antiques

5 Boston Post Road | East Lyme, CT 06333 chaneberg@aol.com ~ 860.389.1908 hanebergsantiques.com

162 Middle Street | West Newbury, MA 01985 pauljdecoste@verizon.net ~ 978.363.1420

R.M. Worth Antiques, Inc.

The Norwoods Spirit of America

P.O. Box 468 | Chadds Ford, PA 19317 rmw4040@aol.com ~ 610.793.7777 rmworthantiques.com

602 Boxmere Court | Timonium, MD 21093 spiritofamerica@comcast.net ~ 410.252.2012 thenorwoodsspiritofamerica.blogspot.com

Saje Americana

Thurston Nichols American Antiques Inc.

P.O. Box 186 | Short Hills, NJ 07078 antiques@sajeamericana.com ~ 973.379.1423

tn@thurstonnichols.com ~ 610.972.4563 thurstonnichols.com

Sally Good Antiques 408 Jennifer Drive|Dresher, PA 19025 215.793.4855

Van Tassel Baumann American Antiques 690 Sugartown Road | Malvern, PA 19355 rvstitches@aol.com ~ 610.647.3339 vantasselbaumann.com

Salt Box Antiques 769 West Butler Drive| Sugarloaf, PA 18249 saltboxantiques@verizon.net ~ 570.788.1716

Wesley T. Sessa Antiques

Shaefferâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Antiques

3380 Coventryville Road | Pottstown, PA 19465 18thcent@icdc.com ~ 610.469.6649 18thcenturyrestoration.com

5 Waugh Avenue | Glyndon, MD 21136 410-833-0486

Sidney Gecker American Folk Art

West Pelham Antiques

226 West 21 Street | New York, NY 10011 sidneygecker@gmail.com ~ 212.929.8769 sidneygecker.com

24 Amherst Road | Pelham, MA 01002 oldstuff@rcn.com ~ 413.253.1847

William Hutchison Books- Prints- Paintings

Spencer Marks

P.O. Box 811 | Mendenhall, PA 19357 hutchbook@aol.com ~ 610.453.6350

P.O. Box 330 | Southampton, MA 01073 spencer@spencermarks.com ~ 413.527.7344 spencermarks.com

William R. and Teresa F. Kurau

Stevens Antiques

P.O. Box 457 | Lampeter, PA 17537 lampeter@epix.net ~ 717.464.0731 historicalchina.com

627 Lancaster Avenue | Frazer, PA 19355 stevensantiques@att.net ~ 610.644.8282 stevensantiques.com

The Antique Store In Wayne 161 West Lancaster Avenue (Route 30) | Wayne, PA 19087 theantiquestore.wayne@verizon.net ~ 610.687.1900 theantiquestoreinwayne.com

List complete as of March 14, 2013

2013 C hester C ounty A ntiques S how

We put our energy into arts and culture. Arts and culture organizations have an impact of more than $1 billion on our local economy.

Through PECO-sponsored programs we help people of all ages and backgrounds enjoy and experience the arts throughout our region.

PECO is proud to serve as Presenting Corporate Sponsor of the Chester County Antiques Show

for the seventh consecutive year. The show will benefit the Chester County Historical Society and its many outstanding programs, which preserve the history and culture of the region. Find out more at www.peco.com/community ÂŠ PECO Energy Company, 2013

American Fine Art & Antiques

architecture in harmony 1352 Paoli Pike | West Chester, PA 19380 | 610.696.1862 | hlchalfant.com