E-Mobility+ August Issue 2020

A U G U S T

POWERING

SMART,

ELECTRIC,

EFFICIENT

2 0 2 0

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V O L U M E

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I S S U E

MOBILITY

IN CONVERSATION

Mahesh Babu MD & CEO Mahindra Electric Mobility Ltd

Anirudh Arun Co-founder and COO BluSmart

EVITCEPSREP

2 & 3 Wheeler Electric Vehicles India’s Boom In The Next Decade

Insights CORONA CRISIS - The Big EV Accelerator

OPINION Will the slashed GST from 12% to 5% boost the EV Industry in India? www.emobilityplus.com

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CONT IN CONVERSATION

08 MAHESH BABU MD & CEO Mahindra Electric Mobility Ltd

PERSPECTIVE

10 2 & 3 WHEELER ELECTRIC VEHICLES India’s Boom In The Next Decade

20 CHALLENGES FACED IN DOMESTIC BATTERY PRODUCTION What can be done to overcome it?

24 LATEST TRENDS IN EV CHARGING Is Public EV Charging Plaza a new avenue for making Emobility ubiquitous and convenient in India?

TENT 09 ANIRUDH ARUN Co-founder and COO BluSmart

INSIGHTS

16 CHARGING THE FUTURE - EV Charging Infrastructure

28 CORONA CRISIS The Big EV accelerator

OPINION

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PUBLISHING

EDITING

CONTENT

Firstview Media

Varun Gulati

Sangita Shetty

Ventures Pvt. Ltd.

Ekta Pujari

Geeta Takkar Megha Kottapalli

DESIGNING Neha Barangali

WILL THE SLASHED GST FROM 12% TO 5% BOOST THE EV INDUSTRY IN INDIA?

ADVERTISING

CIRCULATION

Smriti Singh

Kunal Verma

Meghna Sharma

Chandan Gupta

PRINTING Vaibhav Enterprises

WWW.EMOBILITYPLUS.COM

I N D I A

N E W S

BUZZ >

INSIGHTS >

INDIA SIGNS MOU WITH ARGENTINA IN LITHIUM FIELD India recently signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Argentina to establish a supply link and technological development in the field of Lithium. MoU includes joint exploration, production and commercialization of mineral products. MoU was signed between JEMSE, an Argentine state-owned enterprise, and the Indian joint venture company Khanij Bidesh India Ltd. (KABIL) in the presence of the Governor of the Argentine Province of Jujuy, Gerardo Morales, the head of JEMSE, Felipe Albornoz, and the CEO of KABIL India, Ranjit Rath.

This partnership will allow India to do joint work in the areas of exploration and production of minerals, such as lithium and polymetallic, as well as those projects related to the addition of the value of lithium carbonate, production, and transmission of electrical energy. Besides, it looks to enhance cooperation in the study, information, and commercialization of the mineral products.

The main aim of this alliance is to develop, build, commercially market and jointly operate projects with a high technological content in the energy, mining and natural resource exploitation fields in the territory of the Province of Jujuy. India has set a target to have at least 30% of its vehicles run on electrical batteries by 2030, and 175 GW power generation from renewable energy sources by 2022.

LATEST >

EESL AND IESA SIGN AN MOU FOR FASTER ADOPTION OF EMOBILITY IN INDIA An MoU was signed between Energy Efficiency Services Ltd (EESL) and India Energy Storage Alliance (IESA) to collaborate jointly to ensure faster adoption of EV mobility & pan India scaling of EV charging infrastructure. The initial focus of their work will be on the development and deployment of the pilot EV tracker tool including associated hardware, and an analysis of the potential for Telecom towers to double up as EV charging stations along the Golden Quadrilateral of India.

EESL drives the EV adoption in government establishments and PSU side while IESA will drive the adoption in private and will help the companies, corporates and private users to accelerate emobility adoption.

“INDIA IS POWER SURPLUS SO THE BENEFITS OF E-MOBILITY SOLUTIONS IS VERY MUCH IN THE INTEREST OF THE COUNTRY” SAYS SHRI NITIN GADKARI Addressing the participants as Chief Guest at a virtual conference – ‘India e-Mobility Conclave 2020 (IMC 2020)’ organized by India Energy Storage Alliance (IESA), Shri Nitin Jairam Gadkari, Minister for Road Transport & Highways, Minister of Shipping, and the Minister of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Govt. of India said “India is power surplus so the benefits of e-mobility solutions is very much in the interest of the country. There is a strong need to develop an import substituting, cost-effective, indigenous, and pollution-free sustainable transportation system in the country and one of the most important solutions is public transport on electricity.

Presently we are electric surplus, and we are planning to make generation through solar energy, we have tremendous potential through hydropower, wind power also has substantial potential, so power is not a problem. Presently, power is an alternative which is very cheap. We are also making this hydrogen fuel cell technology in this country and now the idea is to make hydrogen fuel cell from biomass. These are the different types of technology available and we must move to those which are indigenous, and we do not need imports.”

He further added “Government approach is to give support to all new technologies but Make In India is equally important. Our priority is particularly for Li-ion batteries. We have already given two mines of Li-ion to private people and expecting outcome soon. For diesel buses, the cost of fuel is ₹ 150/km but for e-buses it comes to ₹ 50/km, so the capital cost is high, but fuel cost is low.

For manufacturers, ‘Make in India’ and ‘Made in India’ is equally important, if you are importing materials from China and other countries and assembling that is not of use. We need to find indigenous solutions and that is very important.”

IESA also launched EV adopters club (IESA-EAC) accelerating private adoption of xEVs in India. The club will work on a Phased approach.

EESL to provide 3 months free charging to the members of IESA- EAC members across India at EESL facilities. Phase 1 will monitor driving patterns, XEV battery health. Phase 2 will have recommendations and suggestions with best use case to OEM’s and Phase 3 will have replication at various industrial hubs. IESA and EESL will also jointly work on knowledge and capacity building activity for OEMs, battery operators and for charging station installers. | AUGUST ISSUE 2020

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INSIGHTS >

AMPERE ELECTRIC LAUNCHES INDUSTRY’S 1ST BATTERY SUBSCRIPTION PLAN

BUZZ >

AMPERE ELECTRIC LAUNCHES VEHICLE LEASING PLANS IN PARTNERSHIP WITH OTO CAPITAL Ampere Vehicles announced its partnership with OTO Capital, India’s first startup to offer vehicle leasing plans for buyers. The leasing option will be available from August 1st, 2020 exclusively in Bangalore.

However, the plans are to extend the service to Pune, Hyderabad, Delhi, Chennai and Cochin by the end of this year.

With this partnership the consumer can enjoy an electric two-wheeler at an affordable lease rental within 48 hours by going through a quick documentation process. Interested consumers can book their vehicles through the OTO Capital website or directly through the dealerships.

Buyers can also have their scooter home delivered. Owing to this partnership, the cost of monthly payments will be significantly reduced for the owner. For example, an Ampere Zeal model that would cost INR 3,020 using other financial means can now be availed at an OMI (Ownership Monthly Installment) of INR 2,220.

OTO Capital has observed a surge in the interest from buyers since the COVID-19 outbreak. With public transport coming to a standstill in most parts of the country, people are wary of using ride-sharing apps and hailing cabs and are ready to own their own vehicles at an affordable cost.

LATEST >

DELHI IS RIGHTFULLY THE CRADLE OF INDIA’S EV REVOLUTION: ANAND MAHINDRA Anand Mahindra, the Chairman of Mahindra Group, has applauded Delhi government’s new electric vehicle (EV) policy 2020. He stated that the template provided by the Arvind Kejriwal-led Delhi government, if emulated, can provide new momentum to the movement in India.

Recently Anand tweeted that “Delhi is rightfully the cradle of the EV revolution. This policy has set a new benchmark. It is a template which, if emulated, can provide new momentum to the movement in India”.My compliments and thanks to Delhi Govt. And Arvind Kejriwal for Delhi announcing a long term futuristic Electric vehicle policy. Mahindra will work jointly to transform the mobility to sustainable in Delhi,” Mahesh Babu tweeted and also supported the EV Plan.

| AUGUST ISSUE 2020

Ampere Vehicles, a wholly-owned electric mobility subsidiary of Greaves Cotton Ltd., announces its partnership with Autovert Technologies, a Fintech that specializes in EV subscriptions products. The collaboration leads to a launch of a unique Battery subscription plan through an IOT backed platform, that will make electric scooters even more affordable. Starting with a few select dealers in Bangalore, the approach will be replicated nationwide.

The distinctive battery subscription plan, is one of its kind to be made available in India which substantially reduces the cost of vehicle acquisition & provides alternative choice to the buyers who get more than usual financing option.With this customized subscription plan, today a customer can now choose to ride home its recently launched comfortable large e scooter Magnus Pro by paying as less as Rs. 49,990 (Exshowroom price Rs. 73,990), whilst opting for a monthly battery subscription of Rs. 1,990.

‘ADITYA’-INDIA’S FIRST SOLAR-POWERED FERRY WON THE ESTEEMED GUSTAVE TROUVE AWARD FOR EXCELLENCE IN ELECTRIC BOATS AND BOATING ‘Aditya’-India’s first solar-powered ferry has won the esteemed Gustave Trouve Award for Excellence in Electric Boats and Boating. Aditya won the award after competing with five other finalists from European countries in the public transportation category. The Gustave Trouve Award for Excellence in Electric Boats and Boating was founded in the memory of Gustave Trouvé, a French electrical engineer and pioneer in electric cars and boats.

Designed by the NavAlt Solar and Electric Boats, Aditya is a sun-powered commuter ferry that is one of the great stories of the future of electric marine propulsion. Each day, the boat makes 22 trips with 75 people on board –ferrying a total of 5,80,000 people annually. The charging cost to top-up the batteries is $2.60 a day and has helped Aditya to avoid burning of 58,000 liters of diesel, saving $4,612,000- $65,000 per annum.

Sandith Thandasherry, Founder & CEO of NavAlt Solar and Electric Boats happily commented that, it was a proud moment for the state. Aditya was the only ferry from Asia among the 12 vessels from across the globe which qualified for the award.

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E-Mobility+ August 2020

POLICYWATCH Delhi Issues EV Policy 2020: Aims To Accelerate EV Adoption Across Vehicle Segments The Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi, Transport Department has recently issued an EV policy titled “ Delhi Electric Vehicle Policy 2020”. The policy states that a new approach is required to kick-start the adoption of Electric Vehicles in Delhi and despite the Govt. push, the pace of adoption of Electric vehicles failed to meet the expectations.

Hence the ministry seeks to put in place a comprehensive set of measures for giving impetus to the adoption of Electric Vehicles.

The policy is proposed to be implemented through the following verticals: a) Financial Incentives – Purchase incentives, Scrapping incentives, Interest subvention on loans. b) Waiver of road tax and registration fees. c) Establishment of a wide network of charging stations and swappable battery stations, and development of publicly owned databases of the same. d) Administration of the policy including constitution of State Electric Vehicle Board, establishment of a dedicated EV cell, and developing an intensive public outreach programme focused on creating awareness about the benefits of electric vehicles and key elements of the policy. e) Setting up of Skill Centers with provision for training related to jobs in the EV ecosystem and creation of jobs f) Setting up of Recycling Ecosystem for Batteries g) Creation of an umbrella, non-lapsable ‘State EV Fund’, to be funded through the air ambience fund, levy of additional taxes, cess, fee etc. on inefficient or polluting vehicles.

The Delhi Electric Vehicle Policy, 2020 will remain valid for a period of three years.

LATEST:

MoRTH Allows Sale and Registration of EV Without Batteries The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) has allowed registration of electric vehicles without pre-fitted batteries. In a letter to Transport Secretaries of all the States and UTs, the ministry has clarified that vehicles without batteries can be sold and registered based on the type approval certificate issued by the Test Agency.

Further, that there is no need to specify the Make/Type or any other details of the Battery for the purpose of Registration. However, the prototype of the electrical vehicle, and the battery (regular battery or the swappable battery) is required to be type approved by the test Agencies specified under Rule 126 of the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989.

The Government is striving to create an ecosystem to accelerate the uptake of electric mobility in the country. It is time to come together to work Jointly to achieve the broader national agenda to reduce vehicular pollution and oil import bill. This will not only protect the environment and reduce the oft import bill but also provide opportunities to sunrise industry.

For the promotion of electrical two wheelers and three wheeler vehicles, there are recommendations brought to the notice of the Ministry to delink the cost of battery (which accounts for 30-40% of the total cost) from the vehicle cost. Vehicles could then also be sold in the market without the battery. This will make the upfront cost of the electrical 2 wheeler (2W) and 3 wheelers (3W) to be lower than ICE 2 and 3W. The battery could be provided separately by the OEM or the energy service provider.

| AUGUST ISSUE 2020

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E-Mobility+ August 2020

Assam Floats Tender To Procure 50 EV Buses Assam State Transport Corporation invites sealed tenders in two bid systems from reputed OEM’s for supplying 40 fully built 9 meter AC Electric buses and 10 fully built 9meter NON AC Electric buses. The last date for submission is 01/09/2020 till 4PM. Opening date of the bid is 02-Sep2020 at 11:00 AM. Scope of work for successful bidder include supply and delivery of Electrical buses.

KSEBL Floats INR 4.74 Cr Tender For Setting Up 26 EV Charging Infrastructure In Kerala KERALA STATE ELECTRICITY BOARD LTD recently issued tender for installation of 26 electric vehicle charging infrastructure. The location of this project is at various KSEBL and Govt premises in Kerala. Scope of work for successful bidder is setting up EV station along with two years warranty and further three years extended warranty.

The total tender Value is Rs.: 4,74,00,000.It is highlighted that bids are invited only from the Empanelled bidders of the EoI released by KSEBL, for the Installation of electric vehicle charging Stations (EVCS) for Commercial Operation in Kerala.

The total tender Value is Rs.: 4,74,00,000.It is highlighted that bids are invited only from the Empanelled bidders of the EoI released by KSEBL, for the Installation of electric vehicle charging Stations (EVCS) for Commercial Operation in Kerala.

BUZZ:

Telangana’s Ministry Approves States EV Policy; Aims At Faster Adoption Of EVs In State Telangana’s Minister for Municipal Administration & Urban Development, Industry & Commerce, Information Technology K. T. Rama Rao (KTR) has recently announced that the cabinet has approved the state EV policy. Main aim of this policy is faster adoption of EVs in the state by providing incentives. The final document has not been yet released.

| AUGUST ISSUE 2020

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INCONVERSATION

MAHESH BABU MD & CEO, MAHINDRA ELECTRIC MOBILITY LTD Mahindra Electric has seen a substantial growth in its three wheeler segment in 2019. Do you think the 2020 sales targets are achievable even post Covid-19?

India continues to urbanize r a p i d l y a n d i n t h e p o s t - COVI D wo r l d we e x p e c t a n i n c r e a s e i n d e ma n d f o r s h o r t d i s t a n c e t r a v e l .

T h e c o mb i n a t i o n o f t h e s e t wo wi l l s i g n i f i c a n t l y i n c r e a s e t h e need for a better last and first mi l e c o mmu t e . E l e c t r i c t h r e e wh e e l e r s f i t s t h i s s e g me n t p e r f e c t l y . Wh i l e COVI D- 1 9 h a s s l o we d d o wn t h e s a l e s o f E Vs globally, EVs are poised for a quicker recovery than other s e g me n t s .

You had very rightly mentioned that "Local EV component manufacturing will help India globally". Do you think this is the right time to make India self-reliant (Atmanirbhar)?

Ma h i n d r a E l e c t r i c i s n o t j u s t a n e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e ma n u f a c t u r e r b u t a c o mp l e t e E V t e c h n o l o g y s o l u t i o n s p r o v i d e r . We h a v e b e e n i n v e s t i n g c o n s i s t e n t l y i n ma k e in-India for over a decade now a n d we a r e v e r y p r o u d t h a t o u r T r e o t h r e e - wh e e l e r r a n g e i s n o w c o mp l e t e l y b u i l t i n - h o u s e a t o u r p l a n t i n Be n g a l u r u ( e x c e p t f o r the cell). Policies like Phased Ma n u f a c t u r i n g P r o g r a m u n d e r F AME I I a n d v a r i o u s o t h e r s t a t e policies have put India on the r i g h t t r a c k t o ma k e I n d i a a s t h e g l o b a l h u b f o r ma n u f a c t u r i n g a n d d e v e l o p me n t o f e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e s .

T h e s e v a r i o u s p o l i c i e s wi l l h e l p t o wa r d s ma s s a d o p t i o n o f electric vehicles. | AUGUST ISSUE 2020

MAHINDRA ELECTRIC IS NOT JUST AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE MANUFACTURER BUT A COMPLETE EV TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS PROVIDER. After being pioneers in the electric three wheeler segment now Mahindra Electric is planning to launch the most affordable electric fourwheeler in India. Kindly enlighten us with your four wheeler goal.

Ma h i n d r a E l e c t r i c i s n o t j u s t a n e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e ma n u f a c t u r e r b u t a c o mp l e t e E V t e c h n o l o g y s o l u t i o n s p r o v i d e r . We h a v e d e mo n s t r a t e d o u r s t r e n g t h r i g h t f r o m o u r ME S MA 4 8 V p l a t f o r m f o r e l e c t r i c t h r e e - wh e e l e r s a n d s ma l l c a r s t o a n i n d i g e n o u s l y b u i l t h i g h - p e r f o r ma n c e ME S MA 3 5 0 V p o we r t r a i n t h a t i s s e t t o e l e c t r i f y g l o b a l S UV s i n K o r e a a n d E u r o p e . Ma h i n d r a E l e c t r i c a l s o s h o wc a s e d i t s r a n g e o f c h a r g e r s ( ME Ch a r g e r s ) i t s l a t e s t a d d i t i o n t o wa r d s d e v e l o p i n g t h e E V e c o s y s t e m. T h e e n t i r e E V ecosystem is supported by our Ne x t Ge n e r a t i o n Mo b i l i t y ( NE MO) c o n n e c t e d mo b i l i t y a p p l i c a t i o n that helps fleet operations to p l a n t h e i r E V r i d e s mo r e efficiently and our personal EV u s e r s t o r e mo t e l y mo n i t o r v a r i o u s p a r a me t e r s o f t h e i r c a r .

Ma h i n d r a e K UV 1 0 0 i s I n d i a ’ s mo s t a f f o r d a b l e e l e c t r i c c a r t h a t i s f o c u s s e d t o wa r d s revolutionizing shared/corporate mo b i l i t y a l o n g wi t h e v e r y d a y r e g u l a r c o mmu t e f o r p e r s o n a l u s e r s . We h a v e s h o wc a s e d t h e Ma h i n d r a e X UV 3 0 0 c o n c e p t a t t h e Au t o E x p o 2 0 2 0 wh i c h wi l l b e b a s e d o n ME S MA 3 5 0 p l a t f o r m that has been built indigenously b y Ma h i n d r a E l e c t r i c i n I n d i a . Th e e X UV3 0 0 i s s l a t e d f o r a ma r k e t launch next year.

India continues to urbanize rapidly and in the post-COVID world we expect an increase in demand for short distance travel. The combination of these two will significantly increase the need for a better last and first mile commute. Electric threewheelers fits this segment perfectly.

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ANIRUDH ARUN CO-FOUNDER AND COO BLUSMART

BLUSMART IS THE MOST PREFERRED MODE OF TRANSPORTATION FOR OUR RIDERS.

Could you give our readers a brief introduction of your company and the offerings ?

Bl u S ma r t i s a c l e a n , c o n n e c t e d , 1 0 0 % E l e c t r i c , s h a r e d mo b i l i t y c o mp a n y , t h a t o f f e r s c u s t o me r s i n Gu r u g r a m & De l h i wi t h r e l i a b l e , safe and eco friendly travel o p t i o n s . Bl u S ma r t a l l o ws r i d e r s t o book hourly rentals and travel a n y wh e r e i n t h e c i t y , wi t h a convenient zero-cancellation g u a r a n t e e . Wh a t ' s mo r e ? Al l o u r rides have fixed and transparent, slab-based prices!

It is great to know that BluSmart recently made 1,75,000 zeroemission trips in Delhi-NCR. Could you please elaborate on your #BluRevolution.

We a r e h u mb l e d b y t h e l o v e s h o wn b y o u r c u s t o me r s wh o h a v e r a t e d t h e Bl u S ma r t a p p 4 . 8 s t a r s o n t h e Go o g l e P l a y S t o r e . Th i s i s the highest rating of any app in the mo b i l i t y s p a c e g l o b a l l y . Bl u S ma r t i s t h e mo s t p r e f e r r e d mo d e o f transportation for our riders, and we h a v e n o w c o mp l e t e d 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 + c l e a n t r i p s a n d c o v e r e d 5 mi l l i o n + c l e a n k ms .

What does BluSmart plan to offer in regards to its inter- and intracity service offerings?

T h i s 1 5 t h Au g u s t , o n I n d i a ' s 7 4 t h I n d e p e n d e n c e Da y , we l a u n c h e d Bl u S ma r t ' s a l l - e l e c t r i c s e r v i c e s i n Va s a n t K u n j , V a s a n t Vi h a r a n d | AUGUST ISSUE 2020

Dwa r k a . T h i s i s t h e f i r s t t i me we a r e s e r v i n g c u s t o me r s o u t s i d e Gu r u g r a m, a n d we a i m t o s e r v e r i d e r s i n t h e r e s t o f De l h i - NCR v e r y soon!

What are some of the current challenges that the EV fleet sector is facing today? And what could be the way forward?

The EV Sector is rapidly t r a n s f o r mi n g , t h a n k s t o c h e a p e r b a t t e r y - c o s t s , mo r e p r o d u c t s , a n d friendly policies. But the c h a l l e n g e s o f R a n g e An x i e t y a n d h i g h e r u p - f r o n t c o s t r e ma i n f o r mo s t r e t a i l c u s t o me r s . Wh i l e electric vehicles have captured p e o p l e ' s i ma g i n a t i o n , ma n y a r e still afraid to take the plunge and ma k e t h e i r n e x t p u r c h a s e a n E V. T h i s i s wh e r e e l e c t r i c f l e e t c o mp a n i e s c a n l e a d t h e wa y , a n d h e l p c u s t o me r s u n d e r s t a n d a n d e x p e r i e n c e E V s mo r e , b e f o r e buying one for their personal use.

Could you brief us about the latest developments and advancements in electric vehicle technology that will have a major impact on the EV cab fleet sector?

Wh e n we s t a r t e d , we u s e d t o r u n o u r o p e r a t i o n s wi t h s h o r t e r - r a n g e vehicles. In the very short period s i n c e o u r l a u n c h , we h a v e s e e n n e a r l y a 1 0 0 % i mp r o v e me n t i n t h e range of vehicles deployed in our f l e e t , a n d t h i s i s a ma s s i v e b o o s t f o r a n y E V F l e e t c o mp a n y . Be t t e r c h a r g i n g t e c h n o l o g i e s , l o we r

battery costs, and better t e mp e r a t u r e r a n g e o f t h e b a t t e r i e s wi l l a l l b e ma j o r b o o s t s f o r t h e Indian EV Fleet sector.

As an exclusive EV fleet operator, how do your business operations differ from the other cab aggregators?

Bl u S ma r t i s a t r i p l e - b o t t o m l i n e c o mp a n y , f o c u s s e d o n t h e 3 P s : P e o p l e , P l a n e t a n d P r o s p e r i t y . We believe that the future generations deserve a better planet, and cleaner air to breathe. Every trip on a 100% Electric vehicle helps one contribute to this cleaner, greener f u t u r e . T h i s i s wh y we h a v e consciously chosen to operate only 100% EVs, and bet of India's electric future. People have r e s p o n d e d we l l a n d a r e s u p p o r t i n g u s i n o u r e n d e a v o u r , a n d we a r e grateful for this.

Finally, could you share your challenging experiences in setting up the charging infrastructure needed for EV cab operations in different cities of India?

We h a v e e x p e r i e n c e i n s e t t i n g u p c h a r g i n g i n f r a i n Gu r u g r a m, De l h i , No i d a a n d Mu mb a i . S o , we h a v e h a d e x p e r i e n c e d e a l i n g wi t h d i s c o ms , r e g u l a t o r s , l a n d authorities and partners in four d i f f e r e n t s t a t e s . As i t i s a n e v o l v i n g s p a c e , mo s t s t a k e h o l d e r s a r e s t i l l trying to understand the rules and b u i l d mu t u a l l y - b e n e f i c i a l s o l u t i o n s t h a t wi l l b r i n g a b o u t I n d i a ' s b i g E V t r a n s i t i o n . Mo s t s t a t e s h a v e released EV friendly policies and special EV Tariffs, and these are a l s o v e r y i mp o r t a n t f o r e - mo b i l i t y b u s i n e s s e s s u c h a s B l u S ma r t .

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PERSPECTIVE

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W H E E L E R

E L E C T R I C

V E H I C L E S

INDIA’S BOOM IN THE NEXT DECADE

The Indian government has envisioned the conversion of two and three wheelers into 100% electric ones by 2030. Adaptation of electric mobility in India will be more robust in the two & three wheeler segments, in the next five years, according to a report by CRISIL Research. The report estimates that electric two-and three-wheelers, which already enjoy better cost economics compared to their internal combustion engine (ICE) counterparts, will continue to zoom ahead and

by FY2024, the EV penetration is expected to improve by 12-17 % of new vehicle sales for electrictwo-wheelers and a whopping 43-48 % for electric-autos.

The growth of EVs in these segments will take place despite the stringent rules imposed under FAME II and the removal of subsidies on lead acid-powered electric-two-wheelers. Faster adoption of two- and three-wheelers is a function of cost. Typically, electric scooters are cheaper to run compared with ICE scooters. And, e-autos are cheaper to both own and run compared with their ICE counterparts.

Here’re some views from the industry stakeholders on the emerging opportunities in Two & Three Wheeler Space in India.

RAVINDRA MOHAN DIRECTOR (STRATEGY & BUSINESS) CHARGE+ZONE

ELECTRIC VEHICLES ARE KEY ENABLERS TO CONNECTED, AUTONOMOUS AND SHARED FUTURE OF MOBILITY. I t i s n o w g i v e n t h a t t h e a u t o mo b i l e f u t u r e i s e l e c t r i c .

E l e c t r i c v e h i c l e s a r e k e y e n a b l e r s t o Co n n e c t e d , Au t o n o mo u s a n d S h a r e d f u t u r e o f mo b i l i t y .

I CE s c o r e s o v e r E V i n r a n g e ( K Ms i n o n e c h a r g e ) a n d r e f u e l i n g ( c h a r g i n g ) t i me . Bo t h c a n b e mi t i g a t e d b y effective EV charging solutions, built around, Of f i c e / wo r k p l a c e c h a r g i n g P u b l i c c h a r g i n g p l a z a s h a v i n g DC & AC c h a r g e r s , both PSU & private Ba t t e r y s wa p p i n g s t a t i o n s Ca p t i v e c h a r g i n g s t a t i o n s , g e n e r a l l y f o r f l e e t operators Ho me c h a r g i n g A g o o d mi x o f a b o v e s h o u l d b e a b l e t o h e l p i n extending the range of vehicles and increased charging access to EV drivers.

Ma s s E V a d o p t i o n a n d c h a r g i n g i n f r a s t r u c t u r e ( p r i v a t e / captive / public) is a bit of a chicken and egg story. A l o w a d o p t i o n o f p r i v a t e o wn e d E Vs d r a s t i c a l l y i mp a c t s t h e e c o n o mi c v i a b i l i t y o f a n y p u b l i c c h a r g i n g infrastructure project.

P r e s e n t l y Ch a r g e P o i n t Op e r a t o r s f o r e - 4 W a r e P S Us , I n d i a n a n d f o r e i g n p r i v a t e p l a y e r s . Bu t t h e n a s c e n t s t a g e o f i n d u s t r y a n d l a r g e r e q u i r e me n t s p r o v i d e a n o p p o r t u n i t y f o r ma n y mo r e p l a y e r s .

S o f a r I n d i a h a s n o t f o r ma l l y a d o p t e d a n y s p e c i f i c c h a r g i n g s t a n d a r d a n d E V OE Ms a r e f r e e t o c h o o s e . T i l l n o w GB/ T & CCS 2 c h a r g e r s a r e a d o p t e d f o r o f f - b o a r d c h a r g i n g f o r e - 4 W. Bu t a s mo me n t u m p i c k s - u p i n f u t u r e a f o r ma l s t a n d a r d mi g h t b e a d o p t e d c o u n t r y wi d e , e i t h e r b y i n d u s t r y c o mi n g t o g e t h e r o r r e g u l a t i o n s p r o mu l g a t e d b y t h e g o v e r n me n t .

I n I n d i a mo r e t h a n 8 0 % v e h i c l e s s o l d a r e 2 W/ 3 W. T h e y r e q u i r e s ma l l e r b a t t e r y p a c k s ( 2 t o 8 K Wh ) . T h e e l e c t r i f i c a t i o n i n I n d i a wi l l c e r t a i n l y b e l e d b y l i g h t e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e s ( 2 Ws a n d 3 Ws ) , a t l e a s t , i n t h e me d i u m t e r m.

Individual batteries of e-2W can be charged using a 5 A p l u g p o i n t b u t ma n y E V o wn e r s o f t h e u r b a n p o p u l a t i o n l i v e i n h i g h - r i s e b u i l d i n g s , wh e r e p a r k i n g f a c i l i t i e s a r e e i t h e r p o o r o r n o n - e x i s t e n t . Th i s p r e s e n t s a n opportunity for private charging infrastructure players to e i t h e r s e t u p c o mmo n c h a r g i n g f a c i l i t i e s n e a r s u c h d e n s e l y p o p u l a t e d a r e a s o r b a t t e r y s wa p p i n g s t a t i o n s . | AUGUST ISSUE 2020

Ba t t e r y s wa p p i n g s t a t i o n s i n s u c h l o c a t i o n s c a n a l s o s e r v e e - 3 W. Th u s , e n a b l i n g e - r i c k s h a w d r i v e r s t o a v o i d 3 4 h o u r s o f d o wn t i me d u r i n g t h e i r wo r k i n g h o u r s , l e a d i n g to increase in their earnings.

To t a l c o s t o f o wn e r s h i p i n c a s e o f e - 2 W/ 3 W i s a t t r a c t i v e .

P r i v a t e o wn e r s h i p ( r e t a i l ) o f e - 2 W i s h i g h l y s e n s i t i v e t o p r i c i n g . He n c e , i n i t i a l c a p i t a l c o s t n e e d s a l s o t o b e a t t r a c t i v e i n a d d i t i o n t o f a v o r a b l e TCO f o r ma s s adoption.

Th e e - 3 W/ e - r i c k s h a ws h a v e s u r p r i s i n g l y g r o wn r a p i d l y i n t h e l a s t 5 y e a r s . Av e r a g e r u n - r a t e o f e - r i c k s h a w ma r k e t i s a p p r o x . 7 l a k h s p e r a n n u m. Ma j o r i t y o f t h i s ma r k e t i s i n c o mp l e t e l y u n o r g a n i z e d a n d u n r e g u l a t e d s e c t o r s .

Ge n e r a l l y , i t i s b a s e d o n S e a l e d L e a d Ac i d B a t t e r i e s . No w a n u mb e r o f i n i t i a t i v e s a r e u n d e r wa y wh i c h a r e l i k e l y t o prove that Li-ion is a superior battery choice as c o mp a r e d t o L e a d Ac i d . F l e e t o p e r a t o r s o f 2 - 3 wh e e l e r s h a v e a l r e a d y s t a r t e d t o u s e L i - i o n . Th e h i g h e r i n i t i a l c a p i t a l c o s t i s d a mp e n i n g L i - i o n a d o p t i o n i n t h e e r i c k s h a w ma r k e t a t a l a r g e r s c a l e .

F a l l i n b a t t e r y p r i c e a r o u n d 2 0 2 3 t o a r o u n d US D 1 6 0 1 7 0 / K Wh , ma y p u s h t h e p r i c e o f e - 2 W/ 3 W t o l o we r l e v e l s . By t h e n a s u c c e s s f u l F AME - I I wo u l d h a v e p u t o n r o a d a r o u n d 1 0 l a k h s o f e - 2 W a n d 5 l a k h s e - 3 W. T h u s a l l o wi n g wh o l e e c o s y s t e m o f c h a r g i n g i n f r a t o s t a b i l i z e , l i k e – g r i d p o we r a v a i l a b i l i t y / a u g me n t a t i o n , t y p e o f charging, charging standards, location of charging spots ( wh e r e a n d wh e n E V s wi l l c h a r g e ) e t c .

An a p p r o a c h wh i c h e mb r a c e s t h e “ p a r t n e r s h i p ” mo d e l f o r c h a r g i n g i n f r a s e e ms t o b e wo r k i n g we l l o v e r s e a s a n d c a n b e a d o p t e d i n I n d i a t o o . Wh o t h e s e “ p a r t n e r s ” c a n be?

Au t o ma k e r s ( i n c r e a s e d s a l e o f E Vs ) , Re t a i l e s t a b l i s h me n t s ( i n c r e a s e f o o t t r a f f i c t o s t o r e s ) Co r p o r a t e s / Of f i c e s ( t o me e t t h e i r e n v i r o n me n t c o mmi t me n t s ) Ut i l i t i e s ( i n c r e a s e d r e v e n u e t h r o u g h s a l e o f e l e c t r i c i t y , e c o n o mi c d e v e l o p me n t i n c e n t i v e s , t i me b a s e d p r i c i n g p l a n s t h a t i mp r o v e s p o we r f a c t o r ) F l e e t Op e r a t o r s Th e mo d e l o f “ b u i l d i t a n d t h e y wi l l c o me ” o r “ c r e a t e c a p a c i t y d e ma n d f o l l o ws ” i s n o t g o i n g t o wo r k – a t l e a s t in the foreseeable future.

Th u s , t h o s e wh o s t e p i n t o d a y i n c h a r g i n g i n f r a s p a c e o f b a t t e r y s wa p p i n g o r c a p t i v e c h a r g i n g f o r f l e e t o p e r a t o r s i n I n d i a wi l l h a v e f i r s t mo v e r a d v a n t a g e .

Th e y c a n f o n d l y l o o k b a c k a n d f e e l p r o u d t h a t b y b e i n g p a r t o f e n a b l i n g i n f r a s t r u c t u r e o f e - mo b i l i t y , t h e y h a v e extended a hand in creating a self-reliant India, leading to a sustainable and caring future for its people, a c l e a n e r e n v i r o n me n t , a n d a n e c o n o my l e s s i mp a c t e d b y global oil prices.

PG 11

P BALA CEO, SODION ENERGY PTE LTD

E l e c t r i c Ve h i c l e s a r e s e e n a s t h e f u t u r e o f t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , a n d t h e r e i s mu c h e x c i t e me n t a b o u t e l e c t r i c c a r s a n d b u s e s . Ho we v e r t h e E V i n d u s t r y i s mo r e t h a n j u s t f o u r wh e e l e r v e h i c l e s . On t h e l e s s p u b l i c i s e d e n d o f t h e s p e c t r u m, 2 & 3 wh e e l e r E Vs i s wh e r e t h e t r u e e l e c t r i c r e v o l u t i o n i s a l r e a d y h a p p e n i n g . Wh a t i s u n i q u e a b o u t t h i s s e g me n t o f t h e i n d u s t r y i s t h a t Ma n u f a c t u r e r s a n d P o l i c y ma k e r s a r e s l o wl y r e a l i s i n g t h a t l o w s p e e d a n d p o we r 2 & 3 wh e e l e r E Vs a r e n o t r e p l a c e me n t s f o r gasoline vehicles. They are in fact a new form of personal mo b i l i t y , a c o n v e n i e n t a n d a c c e s s i b l e o p t i o n t h a t d i d n o t exist before.

Wh i l e t h e wo r l d a c c e p t s t h a t e l e c t r i f i c a t i o n o f v e h i c l e s i s g r e a t f o r a s u s t a i n a b l e f u t u r e , ma n y l i mi t a t i o n s s u c h a s charging infrastructure and battery capacity have contributed to the slow adoption of electric cars. It is u n d e r s t a n d a b l e t h a t c o n s u me r s a s s u me t h e s a me l i mi t a t i o n s a p p l y t o a l l E Vs , b u t t h i s i s s u r p r i s i n g l y u n t r u e .

Mo s t p e o p l e d o n o t k n o w t h a t e l e c t r i c 2 & 3 wh e e l e r s d o n o t r e q u i r e c h a r g i n g s t a t i o n s , c o n s u me l e s s p o we r t h a n a r e f r i g e r a t o r , a n d a r e v e r y mu c h a f f o r d a b l e i n c o mp a r i s o n wi t h t h e i r g a s o l i n e c o u n t e r p a r t s e v e n wi t h o u t g o v e r n me n t subsidies. In fact, an electric bike can be charged using t h e s a me s o c k e t a s y o u r mo b i l e p h o n e a n d wi l l n o t c a u s e u n d u e s t r e s s o n t h e e x i s t i n g E B Ut i l i t y I n f r a s t r u c t u r e .

F u r t h e r mo r e , d e s p i t e t h e o p i n i o n s o f ma n y e x p e r t s a n d t h e me d i a , t h i s ma r k e t s e g me n t i s s e t t o g r o w e v e n wi t h o u t L i t h i u m b a t t e r i e s . Th i s i s b e c a u s e u n l i k e h i g h s p e e d a n d p o we r E V s , l o w s p e e d a n d p o we r p e r s o n a l mo b i l i t y v e h i c l e s c a t e r t o a d i f f e r e n t ma r k e t o f u s e r s .

T h e s e c o n s u me r s wa n t a s t y l i s h , c o n v e n i e n t a n d accessible alternative to public transport. In urban and s u b u r b a n t r a v e l c o n d i t i o n s , mo s t c o mmu t e r s t r a v e l a n a v e r a g e o f 4 5 k m a d a y , a n d wi t h t h e a v e r a g e s p e e d i n mo s t t r a f f i c c o n d i t i o n s i n I n d i a n c i t i e s h o v e r i n g a r o u n d 3 5 k m/ h , l o w s p e e d 2 & 3 wh e e l e r E Vs a r e a t e r r i f i c f i t .

T h i s s e g me n t o f E V s p r e s e n t s a b u n d a n t o p p o r t u n i t y t o e n t r e p r e n e u r s t o o f f e r wi d e r a n g i n g s o l u t i o n s t o d i s r u p t t h e c u r r e n t wa y o f i n t r a - c i t y p e r s o n a l t r a v e l .

E n t r e p r e n e u r i a l o p p o r t u n i t y c o u p l e d wi t h l o w c o s t o f o wn e r s h i p , o p e r a t i o n a l c o s t a n d o t h e r b e n e f i t s , wi l l b e t h e k e y d r i v e r s o f g r o wt h a n d t r a n s f o r ma t i o n o f t h i s i n d u s t r y i n t h e c o mi n g d e c a d e . I n v e s t me n t s b y n e w e n t r a n t s wi l l k i c k s t a r t t h e l o c a l p r o d u c t ma n u f a c t u r i n g e c o s y s t e m, f u r t h e r c o mmo d i t i z i n g t h e s e p r o d u c t s wh i c h i n t u r n wi l l g e n e r a t e r a p i d v o l u me a n d f u e l r e v e n u e g r o wt h o f t h i s industry.

| AUGUST ISSUE 2020

Perhaps what is most exciting about the future of EVs is that personal mobility is just the starting point. Our mobile phones have evolved into smartphones – personal computers that also have the function of making calls. In the same way, the Electric Vehicle will not just be an automobile – it will become a smart lifestyle device that also has the function of providing personal mobility.

WHY 2 & 3 WHEELER EV SEGMENT WILL GROW RAPIDLY IN THE COMING DECADE 2 & 3 Wh e e l e r E Vs c a n me e t t h e p e r s o n a l mo b i l i t y n e e d s o f t h e c o mmo n ma n :

Low cost of ownership even without Government Subsidy L e s s t h a n Rs 3 5 k i n t h e c a s e o f 2 Wh e e l e r – a f f o r d a b l e f o r t h e c o mmo n ma n , e v e n wi t h L i t h i u m battery L e s s t h a n Rs 8 0 K i n t h e c a s e o f E - r i c k s h a w a n d R s 3 l a k h f o r a L i g h t Co mme r c i a l Ve h i c l e ( L CV ) L o w c o s t o f Op e r a t i o n 6 0 t o 7 0 k m Tr a v e l i n l e s s t h a n 1 . 5 K wh i n mo s t c a s e s

No charging station or Battery Swapping (except in Multi-storey urban apartments) Ca n c h a r g e a n y wh e r e t h a t h a s a n AC s o c k e t Ch a r g e r u n i t c a n b e c a r r i e d i n t h e v e h i c l e i t s e l f Ch a r g i n g a t h o me o r o f f i c e i s mo s t c o n v e n i e n t

Very low Power capacity L e s s t h a n 1 . 5 K w i n 2 wh e e l e r s o r l e s s t h a n 6 K wh i n t h e c a s e o f 3 wh e e l e r s

Shared Mobility 2 & 3 Wh e e l e r E Vs wi l l b e c o me a Co r e E l e me n t

Intra-city Travel Be s t s o l u t i o n f o r p e r s o n a l t r a v e l Gr e a t l a s t - mi l e c o n n e c t i v i t y s o l u t i o n

PG 12

R R DASGUPTA INDUSTRY DIGITAL STRATEGIST –WW PUBLIC SECTOR, MICROSOFT

STYLISHLY SUSTAINABLE – ELECTRIC 2 AND 3 WHEELERS SHOULD BE THE NEW MOJO FOR INDIA’S URBAN TRANSPORTATION I n a n e a r l i e r p o s t i n E Mo b i l i t y + Ta r a P r a k r i y a ( Ge n e r a l Ma n a g e r a n d Co - He a d o f Mi c r o s o f t ’ s I OT Mo b i l i t y Gr o u p ) a n d I h a d p e n n e d a p a p e r o n “ Re a l i z i n g I n d i a ’ s E l e c t r i c Dr e a m” . Th i s e d i t o r i a l l o o k s a t t h e f u t u r e o f o u r u r b a n t r a n s p o r t a t i o n s y s t e m t h r o u g h t h e l e n s o f wh a t ’ s g o o d a n d wh a t ’ s s u s t a i n a b l e .

What’s our new normal?

Th e l o c k d o wn h a s t a u g h t u s l o t o f n e w h a b i t s b e y o n d a l l t h e p a i n t h a t i t i n f l i c t e d . Ou r a i r s u d d e n l y f e e l s lighter, fresher, and healthier. I live in the heart of urban Pune. It has a defense land overlooking our terrace and a s ma l l f o r e s t r i n g f e n c i n g t h e e s t a b l i s h me n t . E v e r y mo r n i n g , n o wa d a y s we g e t t o s e e p e a c o c k s c o me o u t i n t h e o p e n . Di f f e r e n t b r e e d s o f r a r e b i r d s a s s e mb l e t o c e l e b r a t e t h e i r c l e a n e r h a b i t a t . I t wa s n o t l i k e t h a t wh e n the year started.

As we r e t u r n t o o u r o wn v e r s i o n s o f t h e n e w n o r ma l , i t t a k e s n o g r e a t p o we r t o i ma g i n e wh a t o u r e n v i r o n me n t wi l l r e t u r n t o .

I n t h e c i t y o f Os l o , z e r o - e mi s s i o n v e h i c l e s p l a y a k e y p a r t i n t h e c i t y ’ s s t r a t e g y t o r e d u c e C0 2 e q u i v a l e n t s b y 95 per cent in 2030, and city officials are encouraging p e o p l e t o ma k e t h e t r a n s i t i o n t o e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e s .

Be n e f i t s f o r d r i v e r s i n c l u d e r e d u c e d t a x e s , a c c e s s t o bus and taxi lanes, free travel on toll roads and public f e r r i e s , a n d f r e e mu n i c i p a l p a r k i n g .

Mc K i n s e y i n t h e i r r e c e n t a r t i c l e , Th e - u n e x p e c t e d - t r i p t h e - f u t u r e - o f - mo b i l i t y - i n - i n d i a - b e y o n d - Co v i d - 1 9 s a y , “ t h e g r o wt h o f e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e s ( E Vs ) , c o u l d a c c e l e r a t e a s COVI D- 1 9 p r o mp t s c o n s u me r s t o c o n s i d e r n e w mo b i l i t y o p t i o n s a n d a s t h e g o v e r n me n t t a k e s a c t i o n t o s t i mu l a t e t h e l o c a l e c o n o my ”

What happens to economic revival?

He r e a r e a f e w t h o u g h t s :

The entire last mile transportation ecosystem could be powered by electric two or three wheelers. It is common knowledge that Amazon India has committed to induct 10,000 electric vehicles (EV) into its delivery fleet by 2025.

Both electric 2 and 3 wheelers offer lower TCO when compared with their ICE cousins

Demand for these are already on the rise. As a friend tells me that companies like DriveZy are flooding the pre-owned market The Auto Industry has long played on the Pride-ofOwnership-factor.

Electric 2 and 3 wheelers can be that new source of pride and the style statement of a concerned generation. Or should I say, Style with Substance.

Purpose Driven Product Let’ s encourage building and scaling Purpose Driven Products.

Electric 2 & 3 wheelers can be those Products with Purpose. They can match it with style (as the picture above suggests). Built with a little more inspiration and inclusive design they could be even better.

The purpose is sustainability and we owe that to our planet.

WE CAN ONLY EXPECT TO RECEIVE WHEN WE ARE WILLING TO GIVE. LET’S GIVE OUR PLANET A CHANCE … TO BREATHE

“The views expressed in this post are personal to the author and have no relationship to the views of companies he is associated with”

I n t h e c o n t e x t o f e n v i r o n me n t a n d v o l u me s , f o r e v e r y mo n s t e r I CE p o we r e d S UV o u t t h e r e , t h e r e c o u l d b e 6 e l e c t r i c 2 wh e e l e r s a n d 4 e l e c t r i c 3 wh e e l e r s . Ho w cool, rather “clean” is that?

| AUGUST ISSUE 2020

PG 13

M H REDDY CHAIRMAN NDS ECO MOTORS PVT LTD

Th e Gl o b a l Au t o mo b i l e S e c t o r i s l o o k i n g f o r a d o p t i o n o f n e w b u s i n e s s mo d e l s b y i nnov a t i on, a l t e r na t e f u e l s , Z e r o e mi s s i o n a n d c o mmi t me n t t o wa r d s a g r e e n e n v i r o n me n t . S i mi l a r l y I n d i a n g o v e r n me n t i s g i v i n g t r u s t t o b u i l d t h e g r e e n e c o n o my b y a d o p t i n g E V’ s i n t h e Au t o mo b i l e s e c t o r . I n d i a i s o n e o f t h e wo r l d’ s b i gge s t ma r k e t s f or t he a u t o mo b i l e s e c t o r wi t h a n n u a l d o me s t i c s a l e s o v e r 2 5 mi l l i o n v e h i c l e s . T h i s i s l e t t i ng t he gov e r nme nt ma k e i t s a mb i t i o u s p l a n s a n d i n i t i a t i v e s i n d r i v i n g E V ’ s ma i n l y i n t h e T wo & T h r e e Wh e e l e r s e gme nt .

Gl o b a l l y E V’ s c o mp r i s e a v e r y s ma l l p e r c e n t a g e wi t h p r e mi u m p r i c e s e g me n t a n d r e ma i n de p e nde nt on i nc e nt i v e s .

Ad o p t i o n i n I n d i a wi l l a l s o b e h e a v i l y d e p e n d e n t o n Go v e r n me n t i n c e n t i v e s a n d s u b s i di e s . Howe v e r , t he r e i s a n a l t e r n a t e t h o u g h t t h a t wh i l e d e ma n d i n c e n t i v e s c a n h e l p i n t h e s h o r t t e r m b u t , i n t he ne x t f e w y e a r s , wi t h t he e x p e c t e d r e d u c t i o n i n c o s t o f Own e r s h i p wi t h Ma d e i n I n d i a k e y c o mp o n e n t s , r e d u c e d b a t t e r y p r i c e s a n d t h e s i mu l t a n e o u s i n c r e a s e i n c o s t o f I CE v e h i c l e s d u e t o s t r i n g e n t e mi s s i o n n o r ms c o u l d he l p E V s of f e r a n i nhe r e nt o p e r a t i n g c o s t - b e n e f i t a n d ma k e t h e m s u s t a i n a b l e e v e n i n t h e a b s e n c e o f i n c e n t i v e s . E Vs b e i n g o n e o f t h e p r i me r e a s o n s t o c u r b p o l l u t i o n , I f i n d a g r e a t p o t e n t i a l i n t h e T wo & T h r e e Wh e e l e r s e g me nt a s t he gov e r nme nt i s t a r ge t i ng 3 0 % E Vs o n t h e r o a d s b y 2 0 3 0 . Th i s a n n u a l ma r k e t s i z e wo u l d p r e s e n t a n o p p o r t u ni t y f or I ndi a n c omp a ni e s t o b e c o me l e a d e r s i n E V t e c h n o l o g y o n a g l o b a l s c a l e .

Th e c u r r e n t p a n d e mi c a l o n g wi t h i n c r e a s i n g a wa r e n e s s a g a i n s t p o l l u t i o n , t h e n o n p u b l i c t r a ns p or t a t i on i s b e i ng p r e f e r r e d . An d c o n s i d e r i n g e a s y d a y t o d a y c o mmu t e a n d l o we r o p e r a t i o n a l c o s t of E l e c t r i c 2 & 3 whe e l e r s wou l d c a p t u r e p r e s e n t ma r k e t p o s i t i o n a n d t h u s g a i n a g o o d d e ma n d i n t h e n e a r f u t u r e . T he t r e nd of E c omme r c e a nd d e l i v e r i e s a r e a l s o g a i n i n g mo me n t u m a n d wo u l d mo s t l y p r e f e r E l e c t r i c 2 a n d 3 whe e l e r s .

Th u s t h e 2 & 3 wh e e l e r ma r k e t i n I n d i a o f f e r s a wo n d e r f u l o p p o r t u n i t y t o b e c o me a ma j or E V c ou nt r y b y b r i ngi ng i n t h e r i g h t p r o d u c t i n t e r ms o f s a f e t y , q u a l i t y , p e r f o r ma n c e a n d f u l f i l l i n g t h e g r o wi n g r e q u i r e me nt s of t he ma r k e t .

Un d o u b t e d l y z e r o - e mi s s i o n mo b i l i t y i s t h e c a l l o f t h e h o u r . Go v e r n me n t i n i t i a t i v e s a nd p l a ns ha v e b e e n c ons i s t e nt l y s u p p o r t i n g a n d d r i v i n g E l e c t r i c Mo b i l i t y wh i c h i s a g a i n g i v i n g a p o s i t i v e i mp a c t o n t hi s ma r k e t i nc l u di ng t he r e c e nt E V p o l i c y l a u n c h e d b y t h e De l h i Go v e r n me n t . Ho we v e r , L o n g t e r m E V p o l i c y s h o u l d a l s o c ons i de r t he f i na nc i a l he a l t h of t h e i n d u s t r y , r e v e n u e t o t h e g o v e r n me n t a n d e mp l o y me n t o p p o r t u n i t i e s t o mi l l i o n s a nd mi l l i ons a nd t hu s wi de ni ng i t s reach."

| AUGUST ISSUE 2020

PG 14

OPINION

WILL THE SLASHED GST FROM 12% TO 5% BOOST THE EV INDUSTRY IN INDIA? F r o m t h e t a b l e we c a n s e e i t g a v e a h u g e n e t s a v i n g f o r c u s t o me r s . Th e l o we r i n g o f t h e GS T r a t e o n e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e s ( E V) f r o m 1 2 p e r c e n t t o 5 p e r c e n t i s g o i n g t o g i v e a b o o s t t o E V’ s i n I n d i a a n d we a r e c o n f i d e n t t h a t i t wi l l mo t i v a t e c u s t o me r s .

RAHUL GOYAL Founder, Republic Motors

We n o w a wa i t t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g r e d u c t i o n o f t h e 1 8 / 2 8 % GS T i n t h e s p a r e s b a t t e r i e s a s i t wi l l h e l p ma i n t a i n t h e l o w r u n n i n g c o s t o f E Vs o v e r t h e i r l i f e t i me . “ As I n d i a i s a c o s t - c o n s c i o u s ma r k e t . Af f o r d a b i l i t y i s a l wa y s a t o p p r i o r i t y f o r ma s s a d o p t i o n o f a p r o d u c t . ” Th e g a p b e t we e n p r i c e s o f E Vs a n d i n t e r n a l c o mb u s t i o n e n g i n e v e h i c l e s p l a y s a n i mp o r t a n t r o l e i n E V a d o p t i o n t h u s r e d u c i n g GS T r a t e s f r o m 1 2 % t o 5 % p l a y a p a r t i n f a s t e r a d o p t i o n o f e l e c t r i c mo b i l i t y . A r e d u c t i o n t h a t ma y l o we r t h e p r i c e s o f e l e c t r i c c a r s b y b e t we e n R s 5 0 , 0 0 0 a n d Rs 1 . 5 l a k h , d e p e n d i n g o n t h e mo d e l a n d t h e ma k e , a n d e n a b l e t h e c r e a t i o n o f a ma s s - ma r k e t f o r t h e n o n - p o l l u t i n g p e r s o n a l a n d c o mme r c i a l t r a n s p o r t ma c h i n e s . Th i s mo v e ma k e s a d i r e c t i mp a c t o n t h e e n d - u s e r a s t h e r e d u c t i o n i n t h e GS T r a t e s t r a n s l a t e s i n t o a d e c r e a s e i n t h e e x s h o wr o o m p r i c e s o f e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e s .

To g i v e y o u a p e r s p e c t i v e , MODELS

TYPE OF VEHICLE

COST AT 12% GST EX SHOWROOM

COST AT 5% GST EX SHOWROOM

NET SAVING FOR CUSTOMER

E-Kranti Republic Motors

Electric Three Wheeler

145000

135937

10937

Ather 450

Electric Two Wheeler

145000

132000

10568

Nexon EV XM TATA

Electric Four Wheeler

1492266

1399000

93266

*Above estimates are from data available on Internet.

| AUGUST ISSUE 2020

As t h e GS T r a t e o n r a w ma t e r i a l c o s t s i s s t i l l a b o u t 1 8 / 2 8 p e r c e n t a s a ma n u f a c t u r e r , we wo u l d l i k e Go v e r n me n t t o r e v i e w t h e c u r r e n t t a x a t i o n f r a me wo r k a p p l i c a b l e t o r a w ma t e r i a l a n d t h e f i n a l p r o d u c t . T h e r e i s a n i n h e r e n t i n v e r t e d d u t y s t r u c t u r e a s t h e GS T i n p u t o n r a w ma t e r i a l a n d o t h e r o v e r h e a d s a r e i s a v e r a g e o f 1 8 % wh e r e i n t h e o u t p u t i s n o w a t 5 %. T h i s s t r u c t u r e r e s u l t s i n s i g n i f i c a n t wo r k i n g c a p i t a l b l o c k a g e . E v e n wi t h t h e e x i s t i n g GS T i n v e r t e d d u t y r e f u n d f r a me wo r k i n p l a c e , t h e r e i s a wo r k i n g c a p i t a l b l o c k a g e o n t h e o v e r h e a d s a n d c a p i t a l i n v e s t me n t s . A r e d u c e d GS T l i a b i l i t y o n t h e r a w ma t e r i a l s h o u l d b e a s s e s s e d f o r s e a ml e s s c a s h f l o ws i n t h e l o n g r u n wh i c h wi l l a l l o w t h e g r o wt h o f ma n u f a c t u r i n g c o mp a n i e s a n d wi l l l e a d t o t h e g r o wt h o f t h e s e c t o r .

Re d u c t i o n o f t h e GS T r a t e o n c h a r g e r s a n d c h a r g i n g stations for electric vehicles from 18 per cent to 5 per c e n t wi l l e n s u r e e n c o u r a g e me n t o f I n f r a s t r u c t u r e d e v e l o p me n t f o r E V wh i c h wi l l a d d t o e x p o n e n t i a l g r o wt h o f t h e s e c t o r .

A reduced GST liability on the raw material should be assessed for seamless cash flows in the long run which will allow growth of manufacturing companies and will lead to growth of sector."

PG 15

INSIGHTS

Charging the Future EV CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE

Have you heard about the Chicken and the egg story? I am sure you have had heard of it many times. The story of Electric Vehicles and Charging infrastructure is quite similar. While neither makes any sense alone, it’s a debate as to which comes earlier. Many Global level studies have revealed that EV Charging infrastructure can become the biggest bottleneck for e-Mobility acceleration. The World has been quick to realize the same and take actions.

As on date, we have around 7 million electric vehicles on the road with around 2 million getting added in just the last year. What this also implies is that each of these vehicles needs to get charged. The global average of electric vehicle to charging points/ connectors at the end of 2019 stood at 7.5. This numbers though varies significantly through geographies and depends on many factors, one definitely being what is the penetration of EVs in the subject region.

The World today has around 930K Charging points installed. This is at a 30% high from what it was in 2018. The number of chargers has been growing at a CAGR of around 30% over the last 5 years. There is no point in guessing who the leader has been here, China enjoys 50% of the market share in chargers today.It has installed around 216,000 charging points by the end of 2019, i.e. 70% of the global installations. Taking a larger spectrum, US and Europe markets are

| AUGUST ISSUE 2020

The Indian government aims to build a network of charging infrastructure throughout the country, to ensure that at least one charging station is available every 25 km on both sides of the country’s highways and roads and one charging station in every 3*3 km radius in urban areas.

PG 16

also picking up quite fast. There is an estimated projection of USD 500 Billion investment globally in the charging infrastructure segment by 2040. By the end of 2040, to absorb the demand of growing EVs the world will need 290 million charging points. This comes from a battery demand of around 1,755 GWh in 2030 alone, which further results in a substantial demand of electricity. To put that in numbers, by 2040, 5% of the global electricity demand comes from Electric Vehicles.

Home charging, workplace charging and private commercial charging accounts for 80% of the investments in the charging sector, investment in public charging in that parse has been lower, but as the home charging spaces reaches saturation the need of public chargers will grow. Apart form home chargers around 12 million public chargers/ charging points will be required by 2040.

At present chargers are categorized broadly into two categories – slow and fast. In terms of demand, 7-22 kW chargers enjoy 63% of the total market demand as of date, where maximum EV models are compatible with 11kW chargers. To support fast charging requirement more than 20 EV manufacturers have launched/ announced BEVs that can accept direct charging of 100 kW ad up-to 350 kW. The market share of DC fast chargers doubled to 8% in between 2017 and 2019 which shows the huge potential of the same in future.

India classifies charging based on private vs. public application. Private charging denotes charging an EV at home using a single-phase industrial Plug with adequate protection. Public charging entails charging outside the home. India has developed two standards for public charging, which are unique and suitable for EVs with battery voltages lower than 100V (DHI, 2017).

The Bharat AC 001 standard is for a 230V AC charger that can charge three EVs at once. The Bharat DC 001, on the other hand, is the standard for a DC charger and covers electric two wheelers, three-wheelers, and fourwheelers.

market potential is expected to be of INR 5,700 Crores (BAU Scenario) during 2020-2026. The unit sales are expected to hit 50,000 (BAU scenario) by 2026, accounting for a cumulative connected load of 2 GW. As per IESA, The EV charger market remains dominated by sales of AC type of chargers, to support 2W, 3W and 4Ws. While 2W and 3W depend predominantly on private charging, vehicle aggregators for 2W, 3W and 4W are setting up charging stations to support the vehicles. Fast DC chargers of 50kW and above are expected to be installed in highways and in bus depots.

The Indian government aims to build a network of charging infrastructure throughout the country, to ensure that at least one charging station is available every 25 km on both sides of the country’s highways and roads and one charging station in every 3*3 km radius in urban areas. Regarding the public charging stations, the ministry previously clarified that setting them up will be a de-licensed activity, and any individual or entity has the freedom to set up these stations. The Indian Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises has approved the construction of 2,636 charging stations in 62 cities across 24 states and union territories under the second phase of the FAME India (Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles in India) scheme. A significant chunk of orders for setting up the stations in 62 cities with million-plus population have been bagged by Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Ltd and Energy Efficiency

Between 2019 to 2025, the charging infrastructure market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 40%. As per India Energy Storage Alliance (IESA), the Cumulative Services Ltd (EESL). NTPC and Power Grid Corp have also emerged as low bidders for the stations. Over last three years, several players have come up with alternative charging infrastructure technologies /business models such as battery swapping which could potentially accelerate mass adoption of EVs. Recently, an amendment by Ministry of Power (dated 8th June 2020) was released which has now also recognized battery swapping technology.

| AUGUST ISSUE 2020

PG 17

There have been partnerships too, Energy Efficiency Services Ltd. (EESL), an energy service provider owned by the Indian government, will collaborate with engineering group Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. (BHEL) to build electric vehicle charging stations throughout India. The companies will jointly identify, plan, develop and install charging stations at suitable locations.

Indian Oil Corporation Ltd – country’s leading oil marketing company also announced collaboration with Sun Mobility, to install lithium-ion battery swapping stations for electric vehicles in fuel stations across the country. First such battery swapping station was installed at one of IOC’s fuel station in Chandigarh.

On the charging tariff front, The Ministry of Power (MoP) has issued an amendment to its guidelines and standards for the charging infrastructure of electric vehicles (EVs). The guidelines were issued by the Ministry in December 2018 and were revised in October 2019.The amendment has now specified that the tariff for the supply of electricity to the EV public charging stations should not be more than 15% of the average cost of supply of power. This ceiling was not given in the earlier guidelines. Many states have also come up with their own state level EV charging tariffs. There has been an increase in tendering activities too for charging infrastructure deployment. While a majority of such tenders cater to E-Buses there are some which also focus on public charging points. Uttar Pradesh has been leading in this area, Delhi, Karnataka, Maharashtra has also been doing progress in the same.

All said and done, the EV Charging infrastructure will need a dedicated focus to ensure that the EV Growth takes place without hurdles as charging is the main backbone of Electric Vehicles. Charging infrastructure is less of a financing problem and more of a real estate issue and strategic innovative models with collaboration from various stakeholders in the ecosystem will enable this sector to grow. Apart from electricity charges which constitutes around 65% of the total cost of a charging infra business, the next big cost is land, constituting of around 25% of the cost. It will require active collaboration of urban stakeholders like municipal corporations, utilities, oil marketing companies, OEMs, technology providers and transport utilities to make sure the sector grows. Utilization of used land parcels at DISCOM sub-stations, bus depots, etc. should be the focus. What also plays prime importance is the location of these charging stations, which is not thought of strategically can yield in lower utilizations and therefore making the business unviable.

Other than charging stations the other business model showing promise is battery swapping model. India has a unique automobile spread, with 80% of its transport mode dominated by 2-Wheelers, 3% by 3-Wheelers and 12-15% by car segments. The 2-Wheeler and 3-Wheeler segments will use smaller battery packs and most

| AUGUST ISSUE 2020

attractive for battery swapping. Several players have invested in building technology and business models using this approach, including SUN Mobility, Esmito, Lithion Power, Piaggio, Kinetic, Ola Electric, Bounce, Exicom, Amara Raja Batteries, GrinnTech, NTPC, PGCIL and others.

The future is electric, we need to decide now how well are we prepared to welcome it and also how best to take advantage of this new opportunity at hand. But, yes, this journey will eb filled with technological disruptions and innovations which has almost become the new normal, making long term projections all the more difficult. Let’s keep watching this space.

Authors:

Debmalya Sen, Senior Consultant – Emerging Technologies, Customized Energy Solutions

PG 18

Powering Smart, Electric, Efficient Mobility

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w w w . e m o b i l i t y p l u s . c o m

PG 37

P E R S P E C T I V E

CHALLENGES FACED in Domestic Battery production WHAT CAN BE DONE TO OVERCOME IT? The rapid penetration of electric vehicles in India is expected to drive the need for Lithium (Li)-ion battery manufacturing in the country. The Li-ion battery manufacturing industry in India is at a nascent stage at present. However, the country holds the potential to emerge as the key manufacturer of Li-ion batteries over the next few years.

The maj or driving factor propelling the growth of Li-ion battery manufacturing industry in India is the government' s plan to boost electric mobility. Currently, India is dependent on other countries for sourcing EV batteries, which has resulted in the hiked price of EVs. The penetration of EVs in the Indian automotive sector is expected to bolster the need for indigenous manufacturing of Li-ion batteries, to make them economically viable.

Sizeable investments from foreign and domestic players have been playing a major role in boosting the Li-ion battery manufacturing market in India.

Read the opinions of our experts on this

| AUGUST ISSUE 2020

PG 20

JASMEET SINGH KALSI DIRECTOR AND PROMOTER MANIKARAN POWER LIMITED

CURRE NT S I TUATI ON I n d i a h a s s e t i t s a mb i t i o n s t o b e a l e a d i n g n a t i o n i n t h e E V a n d S t o r a g e s p a c e , wi t h c o n t i n u o u s b a c k i n g f r o m t h e Go v e r n me n t t h r o u g h v a r i o u s mi s s i o n s , s c h e me s a n d t a r g e t s ( s u c h a s t h e Na t i o n a l E l e c t r i c Mo b i l i t y Mi s s i o n ) .

Th e d e ma n d f o r b a t t e r i e s i n E V a p p l i c a t i o n s i s e x p e c t e d t o r e a c h 1 , 7 0 1 Gwh b y 2 0 3 2 f r o m 4 0 Gwh i n 2 0 2 2 .

Do me s t i c ma r k e t s a r e g e a r i n g u p t o c o p e u p wi t h t h e g r o wi n g d e ma n d s o f b a t t e r y r e q u i r e me n t s . Gr o wt h o f t h e s t a t i o n a r y b a t t e r y s t o r a g e ma r k e t , f u t u r e b a t t e r y c o s t s , availability of EV charging and servicing infrastructure a n d OE Ms ’ a u t o mo t i v e p l a t f o r m c h o i c e s , wo u l d b e d r i v i n g t h e g r o wt h o f t h e s e c t o r i n c o mi n g y e a r s .

Th i s i s i n l i n e wi t h t h e o v e r a l l d e ma n d p r o j e c t i o n s o f l i t h i u m r a w ma t e r i a l s a n d c o mp o n e n t s , wh i c h a r e l i k e l y t o s e e a ma j o r i n c r e a s e g l o b a l l y . L i t h i u m p r o d u c t i o n i n 2 0 1 9 s t a n d s a t 0 . 3 mi l l i o n L CE ( L i t h i u m Ca r b o n a t e E q u i v a l e n t ) t o n n e s . I t i s e x p e c t e d t h a t t h e d e ma n d o f L i t h i u m f o r b a t t e r y a p p l i c a t i o n s c o u l d r e a c h 2 . 2 mi l l i o n L CE t o n n e s a g a i n s t s u p p l y o f j u s t 1 . 3 mi l l i o n L CE t o n n e s b y 2 0 3 0 . Ad d i t i o n a l l y , i t i s e x p e c t e d t h a t E V b a t t e r i e s wi l l d o mi n a t e t h e d e ma n d o f L i t h i u m r e a c h i n g 1 . 6 9 mi l l i o n L CE t o n n e s i n 2 0 3 0 f r o m 0 . 0 9 mi l l i o n L CE t o n n e s i n 2 0 1 8 - 1 9 , c o mp r i s i n g 7 8 % o f t h e t o t a l d e ma n d .

Ma r k e t s wo u l d f u r t h e r r e q u i r e s i g n i f i c a n t a d d i t i o n s i n lithium supply infrastructure until 2025 to satisfy the p o t e n t i a l d e ma n d ( b a s e d o n t h e p r o j e c t s u n d e r d e v e l o p me n t t h a t h a v e b e e n a n n o u n c e d ) .

Ke y a r e a s i mpa c t i n g t h e do me s t i c ma n u f a c t u r i n g o f ba t t e r y : L a c k o f d o me s t i c l i t h i u m r e s e r v e s To t a l d e p e n d e n c e o n i mp o r t s f o r b a t t e r y a n d o t h e r r e l a t e d ma r k e t s .

Hi g h c o s t o f t h e b a t t e r y L a c k o f R&D i n t e r ms o f b a t t e r y a n d c e l l t e c h n o l o g y Re q u i r e me n t f o r c u s t o mi z a t i o n t o s u i t I n d i a n standards: - Ba t t e r y d e s i g n - Size - Te mp e r a t u r e s p e c i f i c a t i o n s

It is expected that EV batteries will dominate the demand of Lithium reaching 1.69 million LCE tonnes in 2030 from 0.09 million LCE tonnes in 2018-19, comprising 78% of the total demand.

| AUGUST ISSUE 2020

I n d i a c u r r e n t l y l a c k s a d o me s t i c s u p p l y c h a i n f o r l i t h i u m a n d l i t h i u m b a s e d p r o d u c t s , wh i c h c a n c a t e r t o t h e e x i s t i n g a n d t h e f u t u r e d e ma n d o f b a t t e r y r e q u i r e me n t s i n I n d i a . I n d i a wo u l d b e h e a v i l y r e l i a n t o n Ch i n a f o r l i t h i u m i o n b a t t e r y s u p p l y c h a i n s t a r t i n g f r o m mi n i n g t o b a t t e r y c e l l ma n u f a c t u r i n g . T h e i mp o r t o f b a t t e r y c e l l s i n I n d i a h a s i n c r e a s e d f r o m US $ 0 . 3 b i l l i o n i n 2 0 1 6 t o US $ 1 . 1 3 billion in 2019.

Ac c o r d i n g t o v a r i o u s ma r k e t e s t i ma t e s , L i t h i u m i o n i s l i k e l y t o b e t h e mo s t d o mi n a n t t e c h n o l o g y d u e t o s e v e r a l advantages over other disruptive technologies because o f Hi g h - e n e r g y d e n s i t y ( b e t t e r mi l e a g e a n d h i g h e r s t o r a g e c a p a c i t y ) , l i g h t we i g h t , l o w ma i n t e n a n c e a n d l o w cost.

P ROP OS E D S OL UTI ON: I t i s i mp e r a t i v e t o d e v e l o p t h e d o me s t i c b a t t e r y ma r k e t s f o r a s mo o t h s u p p l y o f r a w ma t e r i a l s t o a t t a i n s e l f s u f f i c i e n c y i n b a t t e r y ma n u f a c t u r i n g . P M Mo d i ’ s d r e a m o f a n At ma n i r b h a r Bh a r a t a n d h i s c o mmi t me n t t o r e d u c e India’s carbon footprint relies heavily on the country c r e a t i n g a c o n d u c i v e e n v i r o n me n t t o d e v e l o p d o me s t i c r e f i n e r i e s " f o r p r o c e s s i n g o f ma j o r r a w ma t e r i a l s o f b a t t e r i e s l i k e L i t h i u m Hy d r o x i d e ” , a n d o f s u p p o r t i n g p r o mo t e r s , wh o h a v e l o n g t e r m f e e d s t o c k t i e - u p s wi t h ma j o r l i t h i u m o r e mi n e r s a c r o s s t h e g l o b e .

Th i s wo u l d g e n e r a t e a n i d e a l o p p o r t u n i t y t o s e t u p Lithium refinery producing battery grade lithium products t o p r o mo t e ma n u f a c t u r i n g o f t h e c o mp o n e n t s f o r f o r wa r d integration (cathode, battery packs and cell ma n u f a c t u r i n g ) wi t h i n I n d i a .

I n t h i s l i n e , Ma n i k a r a n L i t h i u m p r o p o s e s t o s e t u p a l i t h i u m r e f i n e r y i n I n d i a , wh i c h wi l l p r o d u c e b a t t e r y g r a d e L i t h i u m Hy d r o x i d e , c r i t i c a l f o r ma n u f a c t u r i n g o f L i t h i u m I o n Ba t t e r y c e l l s . Th e p r o j e c t wi l l h e l p i n c r e a t i n g d o me s t i c d o wn s t r e a m ma n u f a c t u r i n g c a p a b i l i t i e s f o r L i t h i u m I o n Ba t t e r i e s , wh i c h i n t u r n , wi l l h e l p t h e E V ma n u f a c t u r i n g e c o s y s t e m t o a c h i e v e t h e “ Ma k e i n I n d i a ” a n d “ At ma Ni r b h a r ” mi s s i o n .

On t h e o t h e r h a n d , t h e g o v e r n me n t n e e d s t o i n c e n t i v i z e t h e s e t t i n g u p o f a l i t h i u m r e f i n e r y i n t h e c o u n t r y , wh i c h wo u l d h e l p I n d i a g a i n a c o mp e t i t i v e a n d r e l i a b l e s o u r c e o f l i t h i u m t o c a t e r t o o u r e v e r i n c r e a s i n g d e ma n d a n d d e v e l o p a f u l l y i n t e g r a t e d Ba t t e r y & E V E c o s y s t e m.

Th i s wo u l d a l l o w t h e f o l l o wi n g k e y a dv a n t a g e s : I mp r o v e s e l f - r e l i a n c e wi t h i n t h e b a t t e r y e c o s y s t e m P r o mo t e b a t t e r y p l a y e r s t o i n v e s t i n R&D a c t i v i t i e s achieving higher efficiencies A developed integrated Indian battery ecosystem wo u l d p r o v i d e e x p o r t o p p o r t u n i t i e s PG 21

SACHIN KUMAR CEO PANINE

As we a r e c o mi n g o u t o f l o c k d o wn s a n d t h e e c o n o my s l o wl y o p e n s u p , a n o t h e r l o o mi n g c h a l l e n g e i n f r o n t o f E Vs i s , s t r a i n i n g I n d i a – Ch i n a r e l a t i o n s . T h i s h o l d s h i g h e r r e l e v a n c e f o r t h e E V i n d u s t r y , f o r t h e r e a s o n s t h a t o u r ma j o r s u p p l y o f c o mp o n e n t s i s d e p e n d e n t o n Ch i n a . Th i s d e p e n d e n c e h a s c o me o u t t o b e n o t o n l y b e c a u s e o f t h e l a c k o f l o c a l ma n u f a c t u r i n g b u t s e v e r a l a s s o c i a t e d r e a s o n s i n c l u d i n g d i s c o v e r y o f ma n u f a c t u r e r s , s c a l e , e x p o s u r e a n d l a c k o f s c a l e a n d l o c a l d e ma n d .

I n t h e l a s t f e w we e k s , a s I h a v e i n t e r a c t e d mo r e wi t h t h e l o c a l ma n u f a c t u r e r s o f v a r i o u s c o mp o n e n t s t h a t a r e b e i n g u s e d i n E V b a t t e r i e s , I h a v e c o me t o r e a l i z e t h a t ma n u f a c t u r i n g i s n ’ t t h e ma j o r r e a s o n f o r o u r d e p e n d e n c e o n b a t t e r y i mp o r t s f r o m Ch i n a , e x c e p t c e l l s . We l a c k a p l a t f o r m l i k e Al i b a b a wh i c h ma k e s d i s c o v e r y o f l o c a l ma n u f a c t u r e r s s mo o t h a n d e f f o r t l e s s . We h a v e b e c o me mo r e d e p e n d e n t o n i mp o r t s f o r e v e r y t h i n g b e c a u s e a s u p p l i e r b a s e d o u t o f a n y p a r t o f Ch i n a i s j u s t a f e w c l i c k s a wa y c o mp a r e d t o t h e o n e s b a s e d o u t o f a n y p a r t s o f I n d i a , a l l b e c a u s e o f p l a t f o r ms l i k e Al i b a b a , Al i E x p r e s s e t c , wh i c h h a v e ma d e d i s c o v e r y o f Ch i n e s e ma n u f a c t u r e r s s o e f f o r t l e s s f o r a n y p a r t o f t h e wo r l d . I t s h o ws a s i g n i f i c a n t f a i l u r e o f o u r l o c a l B 2 B p l a t f o r ms i n c l u d i n g s o me o f t h e l a r g e s t o n e s .

All they need is discovery. With local production of lithium cells in sight, I think, it will not take us very long to be Atma Nirbhar in EV batteries.

Th e i mp o r t o f E V b a t t e r i e s b e c a me f a v o u r a b l e , n o t b e c a u s e o f t h e l a c k o f l o c a l ma n u f a c t u r i n g o r l o c a l d e v e l o p me n t c a p a b i l i t i e s b u t p u r e l y b e c a u s e o f l a c k o f s c a l e . I t i s t r u e t h a t we d o n ’ t ma k e c o r e r a w ma t e r i a l s f o r b a t t e r i e s wh e t h e r i t i s l i t h i u m c e l l s , c o r e s e mi c o n d u c t o r s l i k e AF E s , c o n t r o l l e r s , mi c r o p r o c e s s o r s e t c , b u t E V b a t t e r i e s d o r e q u i r e b u i l d i n g s t u f f o u t o f t h e s e c o mp o n e n t s , a n d we h a v e b e e n i g n o r i n g t h i s p a r t f o r y e a r s a l l a l o n g . I n t r u e e s s e n c e , a l l t h e e s s e n t i a l i mp o r t s wo u l d n o t c o n s t i t u t e mo r e t h a n 5 5 % o f t h e ma n u f a c t u r i n g c o s t , t h e f o c u s h e r e i s on e s s e n t i a l s . F o r l i t h i u m c e l l s , we a r e t o t a l l y d e p e n d e n t o n Ch i n a e x c e p t a f e w p e r c e n t wh i c h i s h a p p e n i n g f r o m J a p a n , S o u t h K o r e a e t c . Ami d s t r a i n i n g I n d i a Ch i n a r e l a t i o n s , t h i s b e c o me s o n e o f t h e b i g g e s t r i s k f a c t o r s f o r a n y l o c a l b a t t e r y ma n u f a c t u r i n g . Th e d i s c o v e r y a n d s u p p l y c h a i n o f J a p a n e s e , K o r e a n c e l l ma n u f a c t u r e r s i s n e i t h e r s mo o t h n o r e a s i l y a c c e s s i b l e f o r s ma l l ma n u f a c t u r e r s i n I n d i a . At t h e s a me t i me , s e mi c o n d u c t o r o r g a n i z a t i o n s l i k e T e x a s I n s t r u me n t s a n d l i k e , h a v e n o t g o n e d e e p wi t h p r o p a g a t i o n o f t h e i r t e c h d e v e l o p me n t s i n I n d i a n ma r k e t s , t h u s t h e y l a c k s c a l e a n d r e ma i n e x p e n s i v e a n d i n - t u r n u n v i a b l e .

Bu t t h e r e i s a h o p e . As I me n t i o n e d e a r l i e r , I h a v e s p o k e n t o a l o t o f S ME s a n d ma n u f a c t u r i n g e n t i t i e s wh i c h a r e ma k i n g s e v e r a l c o mp o n e n t s f o r E V b a t t e r i e s i n c l u d i n g c a s i n g , wi r e h a r n e s s i n g , c o n n e c t o r s , B MS , As s o c i a t e d p l a t f o r ms e t c . Al l t h e y n e e d i s d i s c o v e r y . Wi t h l o c a l p r o d u c t i o n o f l i t h i u m c e l l s i n s i g h t , I t h i n k , i t wi l l n o t t a k e u s v e r y l o n g t o b e At ma Ni r b h a r i n E V b a t t e r i e s . I t ' s t i me t h a t o u r B 2 B d i s c o v e r y p l a t f o r ms p u t a l i t t l e mo r e e f f o r t t o c o n n e c t t h e s e s c a t t e r e d p i e c e s a n d a l s o I n d i a n ma n u f a c t u r e r s s h o u l d s t a r t b e c o mi n g mo r e f l e x i b l e i n t e r ms o f s c a l e . As a s o c i e t y , we n e v e r l a c k e d i n n o v a t i o n a n d a c a d e mi c r e s e a r c h , b u t we h a v e a l wa y s l a c k e d t h e wi l l t o c o mme r c i a l i z e i t .

Since, Covid-19 has hit the reset button, I think we will reboot with the new attitude and pave the way to become Atma Nirbhar in EVs and EVs batteries.

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PG 22

DR. RASHI GUPTA FOUNDER & DIRECTOR VISION MECHATRONICS

Al l e y e s a r e o n I n d i a n g o v e r n me n t ’ s p u s h f o r l i t h i u m b a t t e r y ma n u f a c t u r i n g i n I n d i a .

I n d i a i s k e e n o n r e d u c i n g i t s i mp o r t s a n d b u i l d i n g ma n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r y i n I n d i a .

Th e t a r g e t o f 4 5 0 GW o f r e n e wa b l e g e n e r a t i o n i n I n d i a i s i n c r e a s i n g d e ma n d f o r b a t t e r i e s i n I n d i a . Cu r r e n t l y , L i t h i u m i o n c e l l s a r e mo s t l y b e i n g i mp o r t e d i n I n d i a . T h e l i t h i u m b a t t e r y ma n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r y i s f o c u s i n g o n s e c u r i n g mi n e r a l r e s o u r c e s l i k e l i t h i u m, c o b a l t , n i c k e l f o r l i t h i u m i o n b a t t e r y ma n u f a c t u r i n g . Ap a r t f r o m mi n e r a l r e s o u r c e s , c a p i t a l i n v e s t me n t l i k e d r y r o o ms f o r c e l l s f a b r i c a t i o n , ma c h i n e s f o r b a t t e r y ma n u f a c t u r i n g a n d t e s t i n g a r e a l s o r e q u i r e d wh i c h n e e d s a g o o d a mo u n t of r e s e a r c h a n d d e v e l o p me n t .

Ce l l ma n u f a c t u r i n g n e e d s ma c h i n e s f o r o p e r a t i o n s l i k e t a b we l d i n g , e l e c t r o l y t e f i l l i n g , e t c . I n d i a c a n b e c o me a ma n u f a c t u r e r a n d e x p o r t e r o f t h e s e ma c h i n e s b y t h e t i me l i t h i u m i o n c e l l ma n u f a c t u r i n g b u i l d s u p i n I n d i a . V a r i o u s t e s t e q u i p me n t s a r e a l s o r e q u i r e d f o r l i t h i u m b a t t e r y t e s t i n g l i k e c h a mb e r s f o r t e mp e r a t u r e , v i b r a t i o n a nd h u mi d i t y t e s t s . Ba t t e r y c y c l e l i f e a n d c a p a c i t y t e s t i n g e q u i p me n t c a n a l s o b e d e v e l o p e d a n d ma n u f a c t u r e d i n I n d i a .

Ba t t e r y Ma n a g e me n t S y s t e m ( BMS ) i s t h e v i t a l c o mp o n e n t o f L i t h i u m b a t t e r i e s f o r t h e s a f e a n d e f f i c i e n t o p e r a t i o n o f L i t h i u m b a t t e r i e s . Ad v a n c e d B MS wi t h a c c u r a t e b a t t e r y s t a t e o f c h a r g e a n d b a t t e r y l i f e e s t i ma t i o n t e c h n i q u e s a r e i n d e ma n d , e s p e c i a l l y f o r e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e s ( E V) . Al s o , B MS c a n i mp r o v e b a t t e r y u t i l i z a t i o n c a p a c i t y a n d i t s l i f e wi t h e f f i c i e n t a c t i v e b a t t e r y b a l a n c i n g . I n d i g e n o u s B MS ma n u f a c t u r i n g wi l l r e d u c e c o s t o f b a t t e r i e s i n I n d i a a n d b o o s t E V s e c t o r i n I n d i a . Te s t e q u i p me n t s f o r BMS a n d BMS ma n u f a c t u r i n g i s a n o t h e r ma n u f a c t u r i n g o p p o r t u n i t y wh e r e I n d i a c a n a c h i e v e l e a d e r s h i p . T h e f i r s t s t e p o f g l o b a l l e a d e r s h i p i s a l r e a d y b e e n t a k e n wi t h t h e n e w BMS s t a n d a r d wh i c h h a s b e e n p u b l i s h e d recently.

The lithium battery manufacturing industry is focusing on securing mineral resources like lithium, cobalt, nickel for lithium ion battery manufacturing..

Dr y r o o ms a r e c r i t i c a l f o r c e l l ma n u f a c t u r i n g a n d r e q u i r e c o mp l e x c a l c u l a t i o n o f h e a t a n d mo i s t u r e l o a d s . Un c o n t r o l l e d t e mp e r a t u r e a n d h u mi d i t y a f f e c t s p e r f o r ma n c e o f L i t h i u m b a t t e r y . I t r e d u c e s t h e p r o d u c t l i f e , p e r f o r ma n c e a n d a l s o r a i s e s s a f e t y c o n c e r n s . De s i c c a n t d e h u mi d i f i e r s a n d c o n d e n s e r s a r e u s e d f o r d r y r o o ms . Gl o b a l l e v e l e x p e r t i s e i n d r y r o o m ma n u f a c t u r i n g c a n b e a t t a i n e d i n I n d i a .

Op e r a t i n g t e mp e r a t u r e o f l i t h i u m b a t t e r y a f f e c t s i t s p e r f o r ma n c e a n d l i f e . B a t t e r y t h e r ma l ma n a g e me n t s y s t e m i s a l s o a n i mp o r t a n t p a r t o f l i t h i u m b a t t e r i e s , e s p e c i a l l y i n e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e s wh i c h h a v e s p a c e c o n s t r a i n t s . V a r i o u s t h e r ma l ma n a g e me n t ma t e r i a l s a n d t e c h n i q u e s l i k e p h a s e c h a n g e ma t e r i a l ( P CM) , l i q u i d c o o l i n g , e t c a r e u s e d i n b a t t e r i e s . Co mp l e x c a l c u l a t i o n s a r e r e q u i r e d i n d e s i g n i n g a n d ma n u f a c t u r i n g t h e r ma l ma n a g e me n t . Co s t E f f e c t i v e t h e r ma l ma n a g e me n t s y s t e ms a n d t h e i r c o mp o n e n t ma n u f a c t u r i n g c a n b e a t t a i n e d i n I n d i a .

L i t h i u m b a t t e r y r e c y c l i n g i s a n o t h e r a r e a wh i c h c o u l d a s s i s t l i t h i u m ma n u f a c t u r i n g a n d r e d u c e d e p e n d e n c e o n mi n e r a l i mp o r t s f o r b a t t e r y . L i t h i u m b a t t e r y r e c y c l i n g i s e x p e c t e d t o b e c o me a h u g e o p p o r t u n i t y b y 2 0 3 0 . Gl o b a l s c a l e l i t h i u m b a t t e r y r e c y c l i n g a n d ma n u f a c t u r i n g o f e q u i p me n t f o r l i t h i u m b a t t e r y r e c y c l i n g s u c h a s f i l t e r p r e s s e s a n d d e h u mi d i f i e r s c a n a l s o b e e s t a b l i s h e d i n I n d i a .

S o wi t h t h i s mi s s i o n o f Vo c a l F o r L o c a l we h a v e t o f o c u s o n e s t a b l i s h i n g a c o mp l e t e e c o s y s t e m wi t h a mp l e o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r e v e r y o n e i n t h e l i t h i u m b a t t e r y ma n u f a c t u r i n g s e g me n t ! L i t h i u m Ba t t e r i e s v e r y s o o n wi l l b e At ma Ni r b h a r , Ma d e i n “ Bh a r a t ” f o r E v e r y o n e ! | AUGUST ISSUE 2020

PG 23

PERSPECTIVE

Latest Trends In EV Charging IS PUBLIC EV CHARGING PLAZA A NEW AVENUE FOR MAKING E-MOBILITY UBIQUITOUS AND CONVENIENT IN INDIA?

The electric vehicle charging infrastructure market in India is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of over 40% during the forecast period 2019-2025. Increasing government support is one of the major factors driving the electric vehicle charging infrastructure market in India. Currently, most of the charging stations in India are provided by the government and private companies. However, private company and government funded charging stations will not be adequate to satisfy the demand for charging from the increasing number of electric vehicles during the forecast period. Community charging stations are expected to witness significant growth in the electric vehicle charging infrastructure market in India, post electric vehicles gain more traction in the country, especially for long journeys including interstate travel. India' s first public EV charging plaza with five chargers of different specifications was inaugurated in New Delhi. Is Public EV Charging Plaza the new avenue for making e-mobility ubiquitous and convenient in India ? Let’ s read what experts have to say.

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PG 24

N.MOHAN DEPUTY GENERAL MANAGER -(HEAD EV CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE) ENERGY EFFICIENCY SERVICES LIMITED

Adequate EV charging infrastructure has been the key for the uptake of Electric Vehicles. As per the IEA, in 2019, the global EV fleet stock crossed the 7.2 million mark up by 2 million since 2018, strongly backed a global push for charging infrastructure which crossed the 7.3 million mark across all segments worldwide. IEA estimates that the electric car stock will range between 9 million and 20 million by 2020 and between 40 million and 70 million by 2025.

The Government of India has identified electric mobility as one of the key focus areas for development. The projected sales are likely to reach around 10.5 million EVs for four-wheeler and 0.5 million EVs for electric buses segment by 2030 as per NITI Aayog and RMI. It is evident that; electric four wheelers and electric buses would be ideal segments to look at while considering installation of Public Charging infrastructure.

Assuming high four-wheeler vehicle sales, it is estimated that we would need about 12 Lakhs Public Charging stations by 2030. (3:1 AC to DC ratio). A sizeable section of the four-wheelers are commercial vehicles (about 40% of the total demand of Public Charging Infrastructure) would be fulfilled by the fleet operators by themselves. The rest will have to be fulfilled by demand aggregators and private players. As the market size increases, the need for capital and other resources increases. However, as the market is expected to expand with investments higher than a INR 1.5 Lac Crores.

India’s EVSE installations are at a nascent stage, According to BNEF, India had an estimated 650 charging stations. With the GoI push, a minimum skeleton network of 4,230 public charging stations in 53 cities has been planned under FAME-II, but even that is just 1% of what is required to meet the needs of the targeted 30% of all vehicles by 2030.

India currently struggles with a general lack of awareness about electric mobility. A unique way in

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increasing the convenience for early adopters of the technology and raising awareness is by setting up a charging plaza.

WHAT IS A CHARGING PLAZA? The commonly accepted definition of a charging plaza is thus: A charging plaza comprises combinations of different types of chargers to service different kind of electric vehicles, whereas the single charger can only charge one type of EV at any given time. A charging plaza can facilitate simultaneous EV charging of large number of users at the same time at a single location. EV drivers therefore have a greater chance of finding a free charging point than they do at a single charging station. This reliability of charging point availability is a great advantage to individual EV owners. Uncertainty about the possibility to charge a vehicle is currently one of the factors that deters motorists from purchasing an electric vehicle. In addition, a charging plaza is useful for groups of EV drivers, for example with the advent of electric taxis, delivery services or other EV fleets. At a charging plaza, it is possible to offer charging at different speeds (AC/DC), thus meeting different charging needs.

EESL in collaboration with NDMC has developed India’s First EV Charging Plaza at Rafi Marg, New Delhi thereby setting the opportunity for EVCI in full. The charging plaza consists of all types of DC fast chargers capable of charging 14 EVs that cater to various segments of vehicles. There are multiple benefits that a charging plaza has: Only for Electric Vehicles: Unlike distributed parking spaces where EV users have to look for EV chargers amongst ICE vehicles, an EV charging plaza is dedicated only for electric vehicles.

Multiple Charging types: Multiple types of charging stations are available in the plaza to cater to the use of all vehicle segments.

Additional Services, while charging: Additional services will be provided at charging plaza that consist of waiting areas and restrooms.

A charging plaza thus adds an extra level of convenience for an electric user and setting up more plazas across the country will enable faster adoption of electric vehicles.

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AWADHESH JHA VP CHARGE & DRIVE & SUSTAINABILITY, FORTUM INDIA PVT LTD.

The Government of India has signalled the beginning of a new era of mobility in the country. Global technology trends and India’s rapidly growing economy have led to a focus on electrification of transportation as the primary technology pathway to achieve this transformation. Positioning India for durable economic growth and global competitiveness, this intersection presents India with a powerful but perishable opportunity to emerge as a global leader in new mobility solutions and battery manufacturing. India is uniquely positioned to deploy electric vehicles (EVs) at scale, leapfrogging traditional mobility models that perpetuate congestion, air pollution and oil import dependence, while driving down the costs of batteries through economies of scale, even faster than the rate at which current projections anticipate.

The release of the second phase of the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles (FAME) scheme provides an opportunity to reflect on India’s recent progress and the required next steps for moving towards an electric mobility future. FAME II’s intended impact and reach are far greater than the vehicles it directly incentivizes. Beyond providing support for a number of vehicles over a three-year period, it aims at catalysing the market, enabling the development of a supportive ecosystem for EVs, and crossing thresholds of economic viability that can initiate mass adoption of e-mobility solutions. The scheme is bolstered by global trends and a suite of additional policies at the central, state and city levels.

EV Charging is being touted by prospective EV users as main constraints for not adopting EV. Given the limited consumption of e-vehicles in India currently, the infrastructure for the same is at a nascent stage.

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Consumers would like to be confident about charging the vehicles as per their convenience, at the location of their choice, and at a price commensurate with service.

A robust charging station network would give them confidence and that would work as a pull effect for OEMs, as well. This warrants that a ubiquitous, reliable, and safe public charging network is created.

EV Charging refers to energizing the battery fitted into EV. As we know, batteries require DC (Direct Current) to get charged whereas electricity supply generally is AC (Alternating Current). It means for the battery to receive the appropriate type of current for its charging, AC supply has to be converted to DC supply for the battery. This is done by an AC-DC converter. This converter is typically fitted in Car which is called an “On-Board Charger”. This mode of charging using OnBoard Charger is called AC charging. When this conversion happens outside Car/Vehicle, On-Board Charger gets bypassed and DC current is directly supplied to the battery fitted in the vehicle. This mode of charging is called DC Charging. So, technically there are two primary charging technologies – AC charging and DC Charging. This works on the principle of conductivity. Wireless charging, based on the principle of inductive charging, is being piloted which could be very useful for situations where EVs are waiting in a queue to pick up passengers like at Airports.

Besides the charging methods (AC or DC), we generally refer to the type of connector also as part of charger technology. In terms of Plugs for AC Charging, technology is more or less settled for Type-2 connectors across countries with some variation in some parts. The maximum power output for AC Charger is also more or less settled being 22KW/43KW. However, on the DC side different connectors are being used with varying power capacity as well. For example, Europe and US manufacturers prefer CCS (Combined Charging System), Japanese manufacturers like Nissan adopt CHAdeMO connector while manufacturers in China go for GB/T connector.

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On the power output level of these DC Chargers, fast development is taking place. Starting with 50KW being the standard output now world is moving to High Power Capacity chargers with 350KW and now ChaoJi is expected to offer power output upto 900KW. This will be the game changer technology as this will give an EV user the same/similar experience of “refueling” the EV battery as an ICE user has been experiencing while refueling gasoline.

In terms of location of the chargers, countries like India would need more and more public chargers. Our cities are congested with the majority of homes being sans dedicated garage for four wheelers which will warrant to have widespread charging network in unhindered

SAMEER RANJAN JAISWAL CO-FOUNDER CHARZER

In 1832, Robert Anderson developed the world’s first crude electric vehicle. Almost 200 years later, there is a boom with 2.1 million electric vehicles sold in 2018 itself, and this has been growing consistently.

With the demand for electric vehicles growing, it is reasonable to predict a corresponding rise in the demand for charging infrastructure. Given our company’s surge in sales, I can say that this prediction has a high chance of coming true. With an increase in demand for sustainable options and the combination of social and environmental awareness, the demand for electric vehicle has become stronger than ever.

Unlike in 1832, people now have free access to buying 2, 3 and 4 wheeler electric vehicles and this has led businesses to develop local solutions to enable people to own EVs. The catalyst that will help people buy electric vehicles will be the availability of charging stations.

What motivates people to opt for e-mobility is the availability of charging points and the sheer convenience of charging their vehicles ‘on the go’.

Recently, India got its first EV charging plaza in New Delhi. It’s a great initiative to further e-mobility and we believe that more such plazas should be set up across the country. But EV charging plazas are not the solution for making e-mobility ubiquitous. The real

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public locations like municipal parking, railway stations etc. During the early days of EV adoption when the number of vehicles would be less on road with EV users thinly spread across geography, the country would need chargers in every nook and corner of the city instead of being concentrated in one location/area. This will take care of optimum utilization of battery as EV users would not be required to travel long distances for getting their EV battery charged.

Once a critical mass of EV with long range comes on road and battery technology in EVs in India support charging using high capacity chargers, concentration of chargers at one location like recently unveiled Charging Plaza by EESL would not be an attractive proposition. In Oslo, capital of Norway, world’ s largest supercharging site was co-located with Tesla and Fortum in 2016.

estate requirement for setting up enough EV charging plazas is not practical in dense urban cities. Everything boils down to convenience and easy availability. The more charging points there are, the more people will be encouraged to buy. This growth will relieve the biggest pain point, which is the lack of charging infrastructure, which has held the EV market back in the past few decades.

We believe that public participation will play a big role in enabling this infrastructure in India. Much like Paytm had a boom because of independent shop owners.

Not only will public participation increase the scale of the EV market, it will also give way to a crosscollaboration in a new business model.

By empowering the Kiranas to be more than just a convenience store, our team came up with the idea of adding value to them while enabling the localisation of EV chargers. By providing easy-to-install and costefficient EV chargers, we are aiming to help small shop owners and local businesses in tier 1, tier 2 and tier 3 cities to earn additional income by allowing EV owners to charge their vehicles at a fair price. To enable this, our Charzer app allows an EV owner to locate the nearest Kirana store charging point. Our next targets are fast food brands and online QSR restaurants to encourage them to install chargers outside their stores for their customers.

This form of localisation creates a win-win situation for both business owners as well as EV owners. With the global EV charging station market predicted to grow at a CAGR of 31. 2% p. a. , we believe that our ongoing R&D and technological innovations will help EV charging infrastructure to become the next big thing.

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INSIGHTS

CORONA CRISIS – THE BIG EV ACCELERATOR

WYBREN VAN DER VAART Co-Founder & CEO BrightBlu

E v e n b e f o r e COVI D- 1 9 r e a r e d i t s h e a d a r o u n d t h e wo r l d a n d f o r c e d mu l t i p l e c o u n t r i e s a r o u n d t h e wo r l d i n t o l o c k d o wn s t h e g l o b a l a u t o mo t i v e e c o n o my f a c e d mu l t i p l e h e a d wi n d s . F r o m s e l f i n f l i c t e d wo u n d s s u c h a s t h e e mi s s i o n c h e a t i n g s o f t wa r e t o a t r a d e wa r b e t we e n t h e US a n d Ch i n a a n d e v e n s o me a n a l y s t s c a l l i n g ‘ p e a k c a r ’ – ma n y o f t h e ma j o r c a r p r o d u c e r s a r o u n d t h e wo r l d we r e s e e i n g a s l u mp i n d e ma n d f o r t h e i r c a r s .

Di e s e l e s p e c i a l l y s e e ms t o b e c o n d e mn e d t o h i s t o r y a s p e o p l e a r e mo v i n g a wa y f r o m t h e mo s t p o l l u t i n g v a r i a n t o f I CE v e h i c l e s d u e t o mo r e s t r i n g e n t r e g u l a t o r y d e ma n d s a n d d u e t o t h e f a c t t h a t t h e r e s a l e v a l u e o f a d i e s e l v e h i c l e i s s t a r t i n g t o l o o k e v e r mo r e u n c e r t a i n .

I n d i a wa s n o d i f f e r e n t . On t h e b a c k o f a c r e d i t c r i s i s i n t h e NBF C s e c t o r t h e ma j o r i t y o f I n d i a n OE Ms s a w a h u g e s l u mp i n d e ma n d . Dr o p s i n d e ma n d a s h i g h a s t h i r t y t o f o u r t y p e r c e n t we r e r e p o r t e d b y s o me o f t h e c o u n t r y ’ s l a r g e s t OE Ms .

Z o o mi n g o u t f r o m t h i s g l o o my s c e n a r i o i n t h e g l o b a l a u t o mo t i v e i n d u s t r y t h e r e wa s o n e d e f i n i t e b r i g h t s p o t : E l e c t r i c Ve h i c l e s . De s p i t e a c l e a r d e c l i n e i n d e ma n d f o r p e t r o l a n d d i e s e l v e h i c l e s , t h e d e ma n d f o r e l e c t r i c c a r s wa s g r o wi n g a n d t h e E V s a l e s we r e c o n s i s t e n t l y s h o wi n g d o u b l e d i g i t g r o wt h a c r o s s t h e b o a r d .

E n t e r COVI D- 1 9 . E n t i r e e c o n o mi e s t h e wo r l d o v e r c a me t o a s c r e e c h i n g h a l t . Al o n g wi t h n a t i o n - wi d e l o c k d o wn s a l o t o f OE Ms h a d t o c o mp l e t e l y h a l t p r o d u c t i o n a n d o p e r a t i o n s . Wi t h f a c t o r i e s s h u t a n d c o n s u me r s s i t t i n g o n t h e i r mo n e y i n t h e f a c e o f mo u n t i n g u n c e r t a i n t y d e ma n d f o r c a r s d r o p p e d o f f a c l i f f t o a s l o w a s z e r o i n t h e e a r l y p h a s e s o f t h e l o c k d o wn . Wi t h Co r o n a wr e a k i n g h a v o c a r o u n d t h e wo r l d , t h e a u t o mo t i v e industry fell from the frying pan into the fire. | AUGUST ISSUE 2020

Y e t a g a i n wh e n o n e s t u d i e s g l o b a l s t a t i s t i c s t h e r e i s o n e b r i g h t s p o t . I n d e e d , y o u g u e s s e d i t ; i t ’ s E V s . Of a l l c a t e g o r i e s i n t h e p a s s e n g e r v e h i c l e s e g me n t E V s s h o we d t h e l e a s t a mo u n t o f d e c r e a s e i n d e ma n d a n d i n s o me c a s e s t h r o u g h o u t t h e l o c k d o wn s a n d c r i s i s s t i l l ma n a g e d t o s h o w f i g u r e s o f g r o wt h . Th i s g o e s t o s h o w t h a t t h e d e ma n d f o r E Vs a mo n g t h e g e n e r a l p u b l i c i s r o b u s t . P e o p l e wa n t e l e c t r i c c a r s a n d i n ma n y c a s e s d e ma n d f o r E Vs a c t u a l l y o u t s t r i p s s u p p l y o f wh a t OE Ms g l o b a l l y c a n d e l i v e r . Th e c o n t i n u e d r a l l y a n d i n c r e a s e in production and delivery of vehicles of Tesla is t e s t a me n t t o t h i s a s we l l .

Bu t t h e r e i s a n o t h e r i n t e r e s t i n g d y n a mi c t h a t h a s b e e n t r i g g e r e d b y t h e l o c k d o wn s i n ma n y c o u n t r i e s a n d c i t i e s wo r l d o v e r . P e o p l e f r o m L o n d o n t o De l h i a l l n o t i c e d o n e r e ma r k a b l e t h i n g t h e mo me n t l o c k d o wn s a n d ‘ wo r k f r o m h o me ’ we r e b e i n g o b s e r v e d – c l e a r s k i e s . P e o p l e f r o m a l l o v e r t h e wo r l d s t a r t e d p o s t i n g pictures of bright blue skies. People also posted p i c t u r e s s h o wi n g t h e s a me p l a c e b e f o r e t h e l o c k d o wn a n d d u r i n g t h e l o c k d o wn a n d t h e c o n t r a s t s c o u l d n o t b e mo r e p r o n o u n c e d – h e a v y f o g v e r s u s c l e a r s k i e s . I t wa s a l s o n o t i c e d b y ma n y p e o p l e t h a t b r e a t h i n g h a d a c t u a l l y b e c o me a l o t e a s i e r wi t h o u t a l l t h e v e h i c u l a r pollution perpetually hanging around in their cities. A r e a l i z a t i o n d a wn e d : t h i s c a n b e a r e a l i t y n o t j u s t d u r i n g t h e l o c k d o wn – b u t a f t e r t h e l o c k d o wn a s we l l i f we a l l s wi t c h t o e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e s .

Luckily this has not been just a realization by the general public. In response to the corona crisis and the s u b s e q u e n t e c o n o mi c me l t d o wn s g o v e r n me n t s t h e wo r l d o v e r h a v e t a b l e d l a r g e e c o n o mi c s t i mu l u s p a c k a g e s t o r e v i v e d e ma n d , s a f e g u a r d j o b s a n d e n s u r e t h a t a t i me l y e c o n o mi c r e c o v e r y c a n t a k e p l a c e . On e c o mmo n d e n o mi n a t o r a c r o s s ma n y a s t i mu l u s p a c k a g e i s a s t r o n g e mp h a s i s o n s u s t a i n a b l e e c o n o mi c g r o wt h a n d wi t h i n t h e a u t o mo t i v e i n d u s t r i e s , y o u g u e s s e d i t again: electric vehicles.

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Governments have put in extra incentives and regulatory demands for OEMs to produce more EVs and in many cases there is also extra money and/or subsidies available for consumers to purchase an electric vehicle. And luckily this is not j ust the case in Other global economies but the newly launched EV policy of New Delhi launched on the 7th of August is a perfect point in case. To quote Arvind Kej riwal, Chief Minister of Delhi: “Over the last few weeks, we have taken various steps to reboot Delhi’ s economy that was suffering due to Corona. While Delhi is unlocking, we must address some important issues that we foresee will arise as a result.

During the lockdown, people noticed how Delhi’ s pollution levels were in control. Now that the economy is opening up, we should take steps to ensure that this recovery is sustainable and pollution-free. Keeping this in mind, we launched the Delhi Electric Vehicle Policy that will contribute to our fight against pollution in Delhi. ” And rightly so because EVs do not only ensure that demand for passenger vehicles can revive and ensure that our skies become bright and blue again but the onwards march of EVs will also be a pillar of economic recovery and safeguard j obs and people’ s livelihoods. This is not only true for the automotive industry but for a whole range of new industries that will be creating a lot of value and j obs in the decade to come. This ranges from manufacturing lithium-ion batteries, battery management systems, and all the players in the electric vehicle charging ecosystem such as the companies that make the chargers, companies that supply online management systems for the chargers as well as utilities and energy producing companies.

All in all the corona crisis has not j ust propelled us to into the often coined ‘ new normal’ , it has also accelerated a trend that was already shaping the global automotive industry, namely that of electrification. From this point onwards it will only accelerate to an even faster pace of adoption and policy makers and industry players alike have to recognize this unmistakably reality and opportunity or deny it at their own peril.

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Of all categories in the passenger vehicle segment EVs showed the least amount of decrease in demand and in some cases throughout the lockdowns and crisis still managed to show figures of growth"

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INSIGHTS

SOFTWARE CONSIDERATION IN BMS FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Ba s i c s : Ba t t e r y Ma n a g e me n t S y s t e m ( BMS ) wh i c h i s p o p u l a r l y k n o wn a s BMS i s a n e l e c t r o n i c c i r c u i t s y s t e m, u s e d t o mo n i t o r t h e b a t t e r y ' s h e a l t h , s a f e g u a r d t h e b a t t e r y f r o m the explosion and to increase its efficiency. There is a p l e t h o r a o f d e v i c e s wh e r e we c a n f i n d t h e p r e s e n c e o f BMS i . e . e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e s , l a p t o p s , s o l a r p o we r s u p p l y , ma t e r i a l h a n d l i n g , u n i n t e r r u p t i b l e p o we r s u p p l i e s , o f f g r i d p o we r s y s t e ms , ma r i n e a n d b a t t e r y b a n k s f o r a l t e r n a t i v e e n e r g y s o u r c e s . I t i s r e c o mme n d e d t o u s e t h e BMS f o r t h e d e v i c e s wh i c h a r e h e a v i l y d e p e n d e n t o n t h e b a t t e r y f o r t h e i r o p e r a t i o n . Th e ma i n p u r p o s e o f a Ba t t e r y Ma n a g e me n t S y s t e m i s t o ma i n t a i n t h e o p e r a t i o n o f t h e b a t t e r y wi t h i n i t s s a f e o p e r a t i n g a r e a ( S OA) .

i n d i v i d u a l c e l l v o l t a g e me a s u r e me n t s , b a t t e r y s t a t e o f c h a r g e ( S o C) , c e l l b a l a n c i n g r o u t i n e s , p a c k s t a t e o f c h a r g e c a l c u l a t i o n s , c e l l t e mp e r a t u r e a n d h e a l t h mo n i t o r i n g , e n s u r i n g o v e r a l l p a c k s a f e t y a n d o p t i ma l p e r f o r ma n c e , a n d c o mmu n i c a t i n g wi t h t h e v e h i c l e e n g i n e c o n t r o l u n i t ( E CU) . K e y f u n c t i o n a l i t i e s o f E V BMS a r e e x p l a i n e d i n I ma g e 1 .

IMAGE 1: KEY FUNCTIONALITY OF EV-BMS

BMS i n El e c t r i c Ve hi c l e ( EV) : P r o d u c i n g e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e h a s b e c o me t h e n e e d o f a n h o u r . Wh e n we l o o k a t t h e c o mp o s i t i o n o f t h e s e v e h i c l e s , o n e c a n s e e t h a t t h e I n t e r n a l Co mb u s t i o n e n g i n e h a s b e e n r e p l a c e d wi t h a b a t t e r y p a c k a n d i t a l s o c o n s i s t s o f s o me a d d i t i o n a l c o mp o n e n t s l i k e c o n t r o l l e r a n d a b r u s h l e s s mo t o r . S i n c e i t i s o p e r a t e d on the battery hence it is considered to be the heart of the vehicle.

Gl o b a l l y L i t h i u m- I o n ( L i - I o n ) b a t t e r i e s a r e b e i n g u s e d i n mo s t o f t h e e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e s b e c a u s e o f t h e e a s y a v a i l a b i l i t y o f t h e s e c h e mi c a l s . Ho we v e r , b a t t e r i e s wi t h s u c h c h e mi c a l c o mp o s i t i o n h a v e a ma j o r d r a w- b a c k i . e . i t s h i g h t e mp e r a me n t a l n a t u r e i n t e r ms o f t h e c h a r g i n g a n d d i s c h a r g i n g , ma k e s i t ma n d a t o r y f o r t h e ma n u f a c t u r e r o f t h e b a t t e r y p a c k t o h a v e a c o n t i n u o u s v i g i l a n c e o n t h e i r c e l l s . To s o l v e t h i s p r o b l e m a n E l e c t r o n i c Ci r c u i t Bo a r d i s b e i n g u s e d t o p e r f o r m t h i s s u r v e i l l a n c e a c t i v i t y wh i c h i s c a l l e d a Ba t t e r y Ma n a g e me n t S y s t e m ( BMS ) .

Func t i ona l i t i e s of EV- BMS: E V- BMS c o n t r o l s ma j o r e l e c t r o n i c f u n c t i o n s o f t h e E V b a t t e r y p a c k , i n c l u d i n g v o l t a g e a n d c u r r e n t mo n i t o r i n g , | AUGUST ISSUE 2020

Ca n a BMS f a i l ? Nu me r o u s p o s s i b i l i t i e s c a n c a u s e t h e BMS t o f a i l - t h e o x i d a t i o n o f t h e c e l l c o mp o n e n t s wo u l d lead to cell destruction and explosion; overt e mp e r a t u r e ma y l e a d t o c u r r e n t s h u t o f f e t c . As B MS i s a v u l n e r a b l e d e v i c e i n t h e v e h i c l e , i t i s h i g h l y i mp o r t a n t t o t a k e n e c e s s a r y me a s u r e s t o o v e r c o me t h e f a i l u r e o f t h e BMS . Th e r e a r e i n c i d e n t s i n t h e r e c e n t p a s t wh e r e a c a r b u r s t i n t o f l a me s i n ma n y c o u n t r i e s wh i l e c h a r g i n g , a n d l a t e r t h e OE M i s s u e d a s o f t wa r e u p d a t e f o r t h e v e h i c l e ’ s BMS .

Ca s e 1: How t he ba t t e r y t e mpe r a t ur e c a n a f f e c t t he v e hi c l e – s a f e t y a s pe c t .

We k n o w t h e l i t h i u m- i o n b a t t e r y i s h i g h l y u n s t a b l e , b e c a u s e o f wh i c h BMS i s u s e d t o mo n i t o r t h e p e r f o r ma n c e o f t h e b a t t e r y a n d k e e p i t s t a b l e . On e o f t h e i mp o r t a n t f e a t u r e s o f BMS i s t h a t i t a l s o ma k e s s u r e t h a t t h e t e mp e r a t u r e o f t h e b a t t e r y d o e s n ’ t e x c e e d t h e t h r e s h o l d n u mb e r , i n o t h e r wo r d s , i t ma k e s s u r e t h a t t h e b a t t e r y i s a t t h e n o mi n a l t e mp e r a t u r e . Bu t i f t h e r e i s a n y f a u l t i n t h e s o f t wa r e o f t h e BMS t h e n i t wi l l f a i l t o r e a d t h e t e mp e r a t u r e o f t h e b a t t e r y t h u s l e a d i n g t o c u r r e n t shut-off.

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Case 2: How a hacker can enter the system – security aspect.

Data of the automotive components are generally considered confidential, because of this a good amount of attention must be given to the security aspect of the vehicle. Apart from keeping the vigilance on the battery’s performance in terms of its overcharging and over-discharging, BMS is also connected to other devices of the vehicle like Vehicle Tracking System. This makes it necessary to keep it away from security breaching otherwise any hacker can enter the system and can cause fatal damage to the vehicle. So, it is important to keep the BMS secure.

Hence, the software of BMS should be functionally safe & secure. Let’s discuss more about functional safety, cyber security and associated standards that are followed globally.

Functional Safety and associated Standards: Due to the characteristics of Li-Ion batteries, inherent risks of injury exist in EV and shall be mitigated in a systematic and documented way to ensure the safety of the driver or passengers. Due to the presence of high voltage Liion batteries, the hazards involved in the electric vehicles are Electric shock, Thermal Event and Toxic Gas release. Here Functional safety plays a very important role to design a BMS system and mitigate those hazards to make a trouble free BMS system.

Functional safety validation of electrical and electronic systems based on ISO 26262 is an activity of critical nature as it can protect the life of the humans using the automobiles from unintended faults and accidents.

It is recommended for any component be it hardware or software to follow the ISO 26262, which is derived from IEC 61508 standard. Because this standard requires testing under normal condition as well as inserting faults in the system to determine how it reacts in the abnormal condition which would ensure that the vehicle is safe enough to drive. The requirements of the standard must be considered in the development phase, ranging from the specification, to design, implementation, integration, verification, validation, and all the way to production release.

Additionally, the absence of unreasonable risk due to hazards resulting from functional insufficiencies of the intended functionality or by reasonably foreseeable misuse by persons is referred to as the Safety of The Intended Functionality (SOTIF). ISO/PAS/21448 document provides guidance on the applicable design, verification and validation measures needed to achieve the SOTIF and it does not apply to faults covered by the ISO 26262 or to hazards directly caused by the system technology.

Security Vulnerabilities, Considerations and associated Standards: We live in an era where everything is connected, from our mobiles devices to our house that we live in, this fashion of connectivity has reached to the automotive industry as well. As a result, modern vehicles are built in such a way that various parts of the vehicle are connected and consists of more than millions of lines of codes. Such cars are prone to the cyber-attacks, which might cause fatal damage as anyone can enter the system of your car without your knowledge and can cause some irreversible damage if the codes are written without complying to the cybersecurity standards. List the important security guidelines & standards are mentioned in Table 1.

STANDARD NAME

DESCRIPTION

ISO/SAE DIS 21434

Road vehicles — Cybersecurity engineering

SAE J3061

Cybersecurity Guidebook for Cyber-Physical Vehicle Systems

MISRA C/C++

Guidelines for the Use of the C/C++ Language in Critical Systems

SEI CERT C/C++

SEI CERT C/C++ Coding Standard

CWE

Common Weakness Enumeration, List of Software & Hardware Weakness

CVE NIST

Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures NIST Cyber Security Framework

TABLE 1: SECURITY STANDARDS

Also, reference could be made to Top 10 Secure Coding Best Practices by SEI CERT and Top 25 Most Dangerous Software Errors by CWE. Compliance to many such standards can be eased using software verification & validation tools like LDRA tool suite, which is certified by TUV SUD & TUV SAAR for safetyrelated development as per ISO 26262 Standard up to ASIL D. In addition, the tools also help you to adhere to secure coding standards like CERT, MISRA and detect security vulnerabilities as per CWE.

Conclusion: Li-Ion batteries posses’ hazards and hence, we have BMS in EV to mitigate those hazards. A bug in BMS software could result in catastrophic failure. Safety and security should be architected in the software design & development of BMS, as it can’ t be a top-up when the car is on the road. Following a standard driven approach is a good practice to ensure that EV-BMS is functionally safe and secure.

SURENDER PS Technical Consultant LDRA

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