E-Mobility+ July Issue 2020

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POWERING

SMART,

ELECTRIC,

EFFICIENT

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V O L U M E

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I S S U E

MOBILITY

IN CONVERSATION

Naveen Munjal Managing Director Hero Electric Vehicles Pvt Ltd

Suarabh Kumar Managing Director EESL

EVITCEPSREP

ELECTRIC MOBILITY IN INDIA A panacea for Jobs, Growth & Sustainability?

Insights Rise of the Phoenix EV Battery for Electricity Storage

www.emobilityplus.com

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CONT IN CONVERSATION

08 NAVEEN MUNJAL Managing Director Hero Electric Vehicles Pvt Ltd

PERSPECTIVE

14 WHAT WOULD DETERMINE THE FUTURE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE (EV) CHARGING IN INDIA? A wait time of under 3-minutes of interchanged batteries versus 1.5-2 hours of charging the vehicle

20 ELECTRIC MOBILITY IN INDIA A panacea for Jobs, Growth and Sustainability?

INSIGHTS

25 DEPENDABLE COMPUTING in the car of the future

TENT QUICK BYTES

12 SUARABH KUMAR Managing Director EESL

INSIGHTS

23 'FROM A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE' Are India’s targets overly ambitious, given the current charging density and existing market acceptability for EVs?

14 RISE OF THE PHOENIX EV Battery for Electricity Storage

PUBLISHING

EDITING

CONTENT

Firstview Media

Varun Gulati

Sangita Shetty

Ventures Pvt. Ltd.

Ekta Pujari

Geeta Takkar Megha Kottapalli

DESIGNING Neha Barangali

ADVERTISING

CIRCULATION

Smriti Singh

Kunal Verma

Meghna Sharma

Chandan Gupta

PRINTING Vaibhav Enterprises

WWW.EMOBILITYPLUS.COM

I N D I A

N E W S

BUZZ >

INSIGHTS >

INDIA’S FIRST OF ITS KIND PUBLIC EV CHARGING PLAZA INAUGURATED BY UNION POWER MINISTER

AMPERE ACQUIRES 74% STAKE IN ERICKSHAW COMPANY BESTWAY

With a focus on enhancing energy efficiency and promoting e-mobility, Shri R.K Singh, the Minister for Power, New & Renewable Energy, today inaugurated India’s first public EV (Electric Vehicle) charging plaza at Chelmsford Club in New Delhi.

Ampere Vehicles, a wholly-owned electric mobility subsidiary of Greaves Cotton Ltd., today announced the acquisition of Noida based E3Wheeler company Bestway Agencies Pvt. Ltd. (BAPL) which sells E-Rickshaws under the popular ELE brand with 74% stake in the company, subject to customary closing conditions.Through this acquisition, Ampere (e-mobility arm of Greaves Cotton) will expand its presence in the fast disrupting E-Rickshaw segment to become an integrated last mile E-Mobility player with strong presence in both E-2W and E-3W. E-Rickshaw is one of the largest and fastest growing categories of electric vehicles in India and offers clean, comfortable and cost-effective mobility to customers and also increases the daily earning potential of the driver community.

EESL in collaboration with NDMC has established India’s first of its kind public EV Charging Plaza in Central Delhi. This plaza will host 5 Electric Vehicle Chargers of different specifications.

LATEST >

KABIRA MOBILITY LAUNCHED A RANGE OF E- SCOOTERS & HELLOEV STORES AT THEIR HEAD OFFICE CLASSIC GROUP ON 20TH JUNE 2020 Kabira Mobility (KM), an electric vehicle start-up has made its debut in the Indian Electric Vehicle industry by unveiling Six Electric Scooters at 2020 Auto Expo. Kabira Mobility forayed in the industry with various slow speed, fast speed as well as IoT-enabled models. The e-vehicle range that Kabira Mobility introduced included Kollegio, Kollegio Neo, Kollegio Plus, Intercity Aeolus, Intercity Neo & Aetos 100 To begin with, the newly launched E-Scooters will be available for customers from 20th June 2020 at all HELLO EV Store (flagship EV Store by Kabira Mobility) across India. Kabira Mobility is dedicated to promoting ‘Make-In-India’, ‘Vocal for local’ & ‘Green Energy Transportation System (GETS)’ campaign and is manufacturing all the launched vehicles at its plants in Dharwad, Karnataka, and Verna Goa plant will start its operation by Sept 2020.

INDUSTRY >

EESL SIGNS AGREEMENT WITH NOIDA AUTHORITY TO INSTALL EV CHARGING UNITS AND RELATED INFRASTRUCTURE Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL), a joint venture of PSUs under the Ministry of Power, Government of India, has signed an agreement with the New Okhla Industrial Development Authority (NOIDA) to promote electric vehicles and install public EV charging stations & related infrastructure. The partnership will also facilitate the creation of an infrastructural ecosystem to accelerate e-mobility uptake as the nation emerges from the lockdown post COVID-19 pandemic.Noida authority has been sanctioned 162 Public EV Charging Stations (PCS) comprising 54 Bharat DC001 (15kW) and 108 122kW (50kW CCS2+ 50kW CHAdeMO+ 22kW Type2) Fast Chargers under the FAME India Scheme Phase-II of Department of Heavy Industry (DHI).

EESL is the selected organization for deployment of public charging stations in NOIDA City. | JULY ISSUE 2020

INDUSTRY >

JBM GROUP PRODUCES PURE ELECTRIC BUSES EQUIPPED WITH FAST-CHARGING BATTERIES FROM MICROVAST India-based JBM Group will partner with Microvast, a Chinese provider of fast-charging battery power systems, to produce pure electric buses. The 9 and 12-meter electric buses come equipped with fast-charging batteries from Microvast and can run for up to 300 km daily, each charging only takes 20 minutes. Despite temperatures that can rise up to 55 degrees Celsius during India’s summer, the battery system will continue to function as normally. The buses’ long life cycle will meet client expectations in terms of operational demands. The buses will be used for public transportation in the Indian cities of Ahmedabad, Navi Mumbai and Andaman. Since July 2019 when Microvast entered into cooperation with several Indian OEMs, buses equipped with Microvast’s fastcharging batteries have been operating safely in Indian cities for nearly one year.

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G L O B A L

BUZZ >

N E W S

INSIGHTS >

HITACHI ABB POWER GRIDS LAUNCHES GAME-CHANGING EV CHARGING SYSTEM FOR LARGE-SCALE E-MOBILITY Hitachi ABB Power Grids today launches Grid-eMotion ™ Fleet, a gamechanging grid-to-plug EV charging system that delivers a step-change approach for public transport and commercial operators. The smart mobility solution enables operators to efficiently scale up their operations and is expected to contribute to sustainable society for millions living in urban areas.

The launch of Grid-eMotion Fleet marks a game-changing shift from a charger-product based approach to a charging-system based approach, which helps to accelerate the future of smart mobility.

HANKOOK EQUIPS PORSCHE ELECTRIC SPORTS CAR WITH THEIR E-TIRES Premium tire maker Hankook is contributing to the Porsche Taycan with its Ventus S1 evo 3 ev, which has been specially developed for the needs of electric vehicles. In the size 225/55R19 XL 103Y on the front axle, 275/45R19 XL 108Y on the rear axle and “NF0” on the sidewall, the Ventus S1 evo 3 ev hides a lot of technical refinements that bring the performance of electronically driven sports cars optimally onto the road.

LATEST >

FIRST DOUBLE DECKER ELECTRIC BUS FLEET LAUNCHED BY NATIONAL EXPRESS AND ZENOBE ENERGY IN BIRMINGHAM Transport operator National Express Group and Zenobe Energy, a leading UK owner and operator of battery storage, announce the launch of an electric fleet of double decker buses for commuters and residents who use the number 6 bus in Yardley Wood, Birmingham. The first users have now completed the route, helping to improve air quality in areas across south Birmingham. The project brings a total of 19 double decker electric buses to the area.

Zenobe powers 25% of the EV bus market in the UK. For National Express West Midlands, Zenobe supplied an end-to-end solution including batteries, the charging system at the depot and a software platform to help optimise energy use. It’s the first example of a turnkey solution for fleet electrification.

INDUSTRY >

DELTA LAUNCHES 200KW ULTRA FAST ELECTRIC VEHICLE (EV) CHARGER IN EMEA Delta, a global leader in power and thermal management solutions, announced the launch of its next-generation 200kW Ultra Fast Charger (UFC200) in the Europe, Middle East & Africa (EMEA) region. Delta’s UFC200, which is capable of enabling a 100km driving range with roughly 8 minutes of charging, aims to serve next-generation EVs, etrucks and e-buses in a broad range of applications such as highways, parking lots, service stations, logistics companies as well as urban traffic hubs. With its modular power system design, remote accessibility for improved uptime service, and its backend compatibility with most of the EV charging network management systems in the market, Delta’s UFC200 EV charger will prove to be an ideal solution for EV charging site operators in EMEA.

JULY ISSUE 2020

INDUSTRY >

HYUNDAI MOTOR SHIPS WORLD’S FIRST FUEL CELL HEAVY-DUTY TRUCK TO SWITZERLAND Hyundai Motor Company shipped the first 10 units of the Hyundai XCIENT Fuel Cell, the world’s first mass-produced fuel cell heavyduty truck, to Switzerland. The company plans to ship a total of 50 XCIENT Fuel Cells to Switzerland this year, with handover to commercial fleet customers starting in September.

Hyundai plans to roll out a total of 1,600 XCIENT Fuel Cell trucks by 2025, reflecting the company’s environmental commitment and technological prowess as it works toward reducing carbon emissions through zero-emission solutions.

SORIANO MOTORI LAUNCHES HIGH PERFORMANCE EV MOTORCYCLE The Soriano Group launches Soriano Motori Corp, a high performance EV motorcycle innovation, design, and cultural liaison for the next generation of riders, from a legacy brand of motorcycles originally founded in ’39. The launch of SMC under the leadership of Marco Soriano will continue its family legacy of innovation and invention ahead of its time.

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INCONVERSATION

NAVEEN MUNJAL MANAGING DIRECTOR HERO ELECTRIC VEHICLES PVT LTD

Do you think the scope of sales and growth in the electric twowheeler market is more than other EV segments?

I c e r t a i n l y b e l i e v e s o . Wh e n c u s t o me r s c o n t e mp l a t e t h e s wi t c h t o a d i f f e r e n t f o r m o f mo b i l i t y , t h e y f i r s t c o n s i d e r t h e t h e e n t r y l e v e l s e g me n t . Th i s i s especially so in the case of a u t o mo b i l e s wh e r e t h e i n i t i a l purchase price of Electric Ve h i c l e s i s l o w a n d s o i s t h e TCO ( T o t a l Co s t o f Own e r s h i p ) . Th i s i s e s s e n t i a l i n b u i l d i n g a f i r s t - t i me c u s t o me r s ’ c o n f i d e n c e a n d l o y a l t y t o t h i s n e w a g e mo b i l i t y .

Wi t h t h e COV I D- 1 9 e n g u l f i n g t h e wo r l d i n i t s t e r r o r , I b e l i e v e t h e s wi t c h t o p e r s o n a l mo b i l i t y p o we r e d b y e l e c t r i c i s g o i n g t o b e i n g r e a t n u mb e r s . Be s i d e s T CO, wh i c h i s v e r y l o w i n t h e c a s e o f E V s ( E l e c t r i c Ve h i c l e s ) , o t h e r i mp o r t a n t f a c t o r s i n t h e f a v o u r o f t h e E V c a mp a r e t h e ease of use, convenience, and s u b s t a n t i a l l y l o we r c o s t t o operate than a counterpart IC ( I n t e r n a l Co mb u s t i o n ) e n g i n e vehicle.

Ou r v e h i c l e s a l l h a v e p o r t a b l e b a t t e r i e s , wh i c h n o t o n l y ma k e t h e wo r k o f c h a r g i n g e a s y a n d a c c e s s i b l e b u t a l s o e l i mi n a t e s the need to visit petrol station to f i l l f u e l t h e r e b y ma k i n g i t v e r y c o n v e n i e n t f o r o u r c u s t o me r s .

This is a crucial advantage d u r i n g t h i s u n p r e c e d e n t e d t i me c o n s i d e r i n g z e r o c o n t a c t wi t h various potentially ‘dangerous’ t o u c h p o i n t s wh i l e u s i n g p u b l i c t r a n s p o r t t o c o mmu t e a n d n o mo r e q u e u i n g u p a t p e t r o l p u mp s to fill your vehicle.

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JUST PLUG IN, CHARGE AND RIDE! J u s t P l u g I n , Ch a r g e , a n d Ri d e !

Be s i d e s t h e c o n v e n i e n c e a n d e n v i r o n me n t a l f a c t o r s , o u r v e h i c l e s a r e f a r mo r e e c o n o mi c a l to use and run than even public t r a n s p o r t t h e r e b y ma k i n g i t a very interesting proposition for o u r c u s t o me r s .

E v e n wh e n y o u l o o k a t t h e 2 0 1 9 2 0 2 0 s a l e s p e r f o r ma n c e , o u t o f 1.56 lakh EVs sold, 1,52,000 we r e e l e c t r i c t wo - wh e e l e r s . Ou t of these low speed scooters that t r a v e l a t a ma x i mu m s p e e d o f 2 5 k m/ h r a n d d o n o t n e e d registration constituted a wh o p p i n g 9 0 p e r c e n t o f a l l t h e e l e c t r i c t wo - wh e e l e r s s o l d l a s t year.

The target market segment plays a vital role in designing EVs. What are the factors you consider while designing your electric two wheelers?

Ou r t a r g e t a u d i e n c e i s wi d e t o s a y t h e l e a s t . We h a v e p r o d u c t s for everyone from a college goer t o a wo r k c o mmu t e r t o a n e c o c o n s c i o u s c u s t o me r t o e v e n e l d e r l y c u s t o me r s a n d a l s o f o r c o mme r c i a l a p p l i c a t i o n s . Ou r goal is to provide everyone

affordable options in the E2W s p a c e . Ac c o r d i n g t o o u r research, one of the biggest r e a s o n s f o r c o n s u me r s b e i n g a p p r e h e n s i v e o f E V s wa s t h e h i g h i n i t i a l c a p i t a l c o s t c o mp a r e d t o I CE . T h r o u g h o u r R&D we h a v e f o u n d s u c c e s s i n ma k i n g t h e prices of our entry level scooters v e r y a f f o r d a b l e a n d wi t h o u t c o mp r o mi s i n g o n t h e e s s e n t i a l s a n d y e t c o n s t a n t l y i mp r o v i n g t h e q u a l i t y a n d f e a t u r e s . I n f a c t , we h a v e a f a mi l y o f o v e r 3 0 0 , 0 0 0 c u s t o me r s a n d t h a t i s a t e s t a me n t t h a t p e o p l e h a v e a c c e p t e d e l e c t r i c mo b i l i t y a n d they also care about the e n v i r o n me n t . We a r e d e t e r mi n e d t o g r o w o u r E V f a mi l y wi t h mo r e p r o d u c t s s p r e a d a c r o s s a wi d e range.

According to you, what amendments should be done in the current EV policies to accelerate e-mobility drive in India?

T h o u g h t h e E V ma r k e t i s e x p a n d i n g a n d c u s t o me r s a r e a d o p t i n g e - mo b i l i t y f a r mo r e t h a n wh a t t h e y we r e e a r l i e r , h o we v e r , i n t e r ms o f s i z e a n d s c a l e , t h e wh o l e i n d u s t r y i s s t i l l v e r y s ma l l .

T h e r e a r e s u b s t a n t i a l t a i l wi n d s

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F i r s t l y , we b e l i e v e t h a t d u e t o t h e l o c k d o wn , p e o p l e a r e r e a l i z i n g the benefits of breathing cleaner a i r a n d wo u l d b e mo r e t h a n wi l l i n g t o a d o p t c l e a n e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n me t h o d s o n c e we b e g i n t o g e t o u t mo r e . We b e l i e v e t h a t t h e a d o p t i o n wi l l t a k e a t t h e e n t r y l e v e l , wi t h L o w a n d Ci t y s p e e d E 2 W’ s b e i n g t h e f i r s t p r e f e r e n c e f o r ma j o r i t y o f u s e r s . F r o m a c o mp a n y s t a n d p o i n t , we h a v e a l s o s e e n a g r e a t r e s p o n s e f r o m c o n s u me r s on our online offers further validating the increase in adoption of EVs. The current policy links incentives to battery size, speed and range and offers higher incentives to buyers of h i g h e r b a t t e r y p o we r a n d p e r f o r ma n c e , f o r h i g h e r p r i c e d p r e mi u m v e h i c l e s wh i c h i s a v e r y s ma l l p e r c e n t a g e o f t h e o v e r a l l E V ma r k e t .

T h e r e f o r e , i t i s i mp e r a t i v e t o include low and city speed vehicles in the current policy in o r d e r f o r ma s s a d o p t i o n t o t a k e p l a c e a s ma j o r i t y o f t h e ma r k e t i s in that category.

Ne x t , we a r e l o o k i n g f o r s u p p o r t i n t e r ms o f i n c e n t i v e s a n d t a x b e n e f i t s f o r ma n u f a c t u r e r s a n d OE M’ s wh o a r e wi l l i n g t o increase localization levels on t h e i r p r o d u c t s . T h i s s t e p wi l l n o t o n l y g e n e r a t e mo r e j o b s , increase revenue, reduce r e l i a n c e o n i mp o r t s b u t a l s o ma s s i v e l y d r i v e d o wn c o s t s o f E Vs wh i c h t h e n wi l l n a t u r a l l y a p p e a l mo r e t o b u y e r s .

d e c i d e wh a t we wa n t t o d o n e x t for the greater good and achieve our electrification goals before 2030.

T h e g o v e r n me n t s h o u l d i n c l u d e E Vs a s a p a r t o f t h e i r S wa c h h Bh a r a t Ca mp a i g n t o c r e a t e a wa r e n e s s o n t h e b e n e f i t s o f t h i s c a t e g o r y t o wa r d s t h e e n v i r o n me n t .

L a s t , b u t o n e o f t h e mo s t i mp o r t a n t f a c t o r s i s t h e f i n a n c i n g of vehicles. Retail finance is not readily available for this sector and should it be freely available t h e ma r k e t wo u l d e x p a n d exponentially.

Our target audience is wide to say the least. We have products for everyone from a college goer to a work commuter to an ecoconscious customer to even elderly customers and also for commercial applications.

Our goal is to provide everyone affordable options in the E2W space."

The Chicken and Egg stories have been persistent in our EV industry. As a manufacturer how have you tackled the EV versus Charging Infra issue?

We t a c k l e d t h e i s s u e o f c h a r g i n g i n f r a s t r u c t u r e wi t h o u r p r o d u c t s and I’ll say this proudly as it is a US P o f o u r o f f e r i n g s . Ou r e n t i r e r a n g e c o me s wi t h h i g h q u a l i t y L i Ion portable batteries that can be c h a r g e d v i a a 3 - p i n d o me s t i c s o c k e t . T h i s me a n i n g y o u c a n c h a r g e t h e b a t t e r y a n y wh e r e , a n y t i me . T h i s h a s p r o v e n t o b e a great feature for all our c u s t o me r s a n d h e l p s u s n o t depend on external resources/ s u p p o r t . T h a t s a i d , we a r e i n t h e process of installing a basic but dense charging infrastructure at various locations such as our

An o t h e r i mp o r t a n t f a c t o r i s e n c o u r a g i n g p e o p l e wi t h r e g u l a r p u b l i c i n t e r e s t me s s a g e s a r o u n d e l e c t r i c mo b i l i t y wi l l s e r v e a s a p o s i t i v e r e mi n d e r t o a d o p t e mi s s i o n f r e e mo b i l i t y a t a mu c h f a s t e r r a t e . T h e p a n d e mi c s i t u a t i o n i s n o t a n y o n e wa n t e d t o be in as it has taken a toll on the i n d u s t r y , wo r k e r s , f a mi l i e s , e c o n o my b u t , we c e r t a i n l y c a n

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d e a l e r s h i p s , He r o E l e c t r i c P GO ( P r e f e r r e d Ga r a g e Own e r s ) , l o c a l ma r k e t s , g r o c e r y s t o r e s e t c . Th i s c h a r g i n g i n f r a s t r u c t u r e i s mo r e t o e l i mi n a t e r a n g e a n x i e t y i s s u e s and provide top up charging as a n d wh e n r e q u i r e d . Th o u g h t h e usage of such an infrastructure is mi n i ma l , h o we v e r , t h e c o mf o r t o f mi n d t h i s o f f e r s i s i mme n s e .

Considering the stringent governmental policies on CO2 emission, do you think in the coming years EVs will have an upper hand over the ICE engine?

Ab s o l u t e l y . As r e g u l a t i o n s g e t s s t r i c t e r , I CE v e h i c l e ma n u f a c t u r i n g c o mp a n i e s wi l l need to look at investing heavily i n o r d e r t o me e t t h e s e r e g u l a t i o n s . T h a t me a n s mo r e capital expenditure on their end and higher prices for the c u s t o me r s . Al s o t h e p r i c e s o f Lithium batteries has already dropped over 85% in the past 10 years and continues to drop f u r t h e r . T h i s wo u l d a l s o wo r k i n favor of the EVs. Seeing such i n c r e a s e d c o s t i n R &D a n d

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t e s t i n g t h e s e c o mp a n i e s mi g h t s h i f t t o e l e c t r i c mo b i l i t y s o o n e r t h a n l a t e r . S u c h a t r a n s i t i o n wi l l give a boost to EVs in general and also foster the adoption of E Vs i n I n d i a a s a wa r e n e s s a r o u n d i t wi l l i n e v i t a b l y i n c r e a s e .

Apart from e-scooter does Hero Electric have any future plans of entering other EV segments?

We s h o wc a s e d a t r i k e a n d a h i g h - s p e e d e - mo t o r c y c l e a t t h e 2 0 2 0 Au t o E x p o . We a l s o h a v e a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l a wa r d - wi n n i n g e b i c y c l e b r a n d c a l l e d A2 B a n d we are thinking of launching it in India very soon given the e mp h a s i s a n d f o c u s o n s o c i a l distancing and interest in our A2 B r a n g e .

We a r e a l s o h e a v i l y i n v e s t e d i n t h e B2 B s i d e o f t h e b u s i n e s s a n d are present in a variety of s e g me n t - L a r g e c a mp u s e s , F o o d a n d Gr o c e r y d e l i v e r i e s , e Co mme r c e d e l i v e r i e s t o Co u r i e r and Postal services and Shared mo b i l i t y . Go i n g f o r wa r d , we wi l l h a v e mo r e e x c i t i n g n e ws t o share on this front.

According to you what are the factors which would influence acceleration of Emobility in India post covid.

T h e COVI D- 1 9 c r i s i s h a s l e f t i n its’ path devastation, both from a h e a l t h a n d e c o n o mi c s t a n d p o i n t , and our hearts go out to all those a f f e c t e d b y t h i s p a n d e mi c . Th i s c r i s i s wi l l l e a v e a l a s t i n g i mp a c t o n e v e r y b o d y . Al t h o u g h s e v e r a l industries and sectors are bound to be affected negatively, this is also a chance to restart.

As we s l o wl y l i mp o u r wa y t o s o me l e v e l o f n o r ma l c y , t h e wo r l d a s we k n e w i t B. C. a n d A. C. ( Be f o r e Co r o n a a n d Af t e r Co r o n a ) wi l l b e v e r y d i f f e r e n t f r o m e a c h o t h e r . Wh a t wa s c o n s i d e r e d ‘ n o r ma l ’ d u r i n g B. C. t i me wo u l d n o w b e c o n s i d e r e d s a c r i l e g e d u r i n g A. C. t i me .

T h e r e i s , h o we v e r , a s i l v e r l i n i n g , wh i c h I b e l i e v e wi l l c o me o u t o f this crisis. The opportunities that l i e a h e a d f o r s o me s e c t o r s a r e g o i n g t o b e i mme n s e . E l e c t r i c Ve h i c l e s i s o n e s u c h i n d u s t r y t h a t I b e l i e v e wi l l b e n e f i t p o s t t h e current crisis.

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The biggest beneficiary of the present pandemic is our environment itself. We have never seen the air so crisp, the stars so bright and our rivers so clean. We now have a newfound respect for nature. India, which was notorious for having the most polluted cities in the world, suddenly, barely makes the cut now. The Ozone hole, 10 times the size of Greenland has now healed! These are some aha! moments that we must cherish as just a few months back this seemed like an impossible mission.

If we look at the automotive sector and transportation, it is poised to witness a substantial transformation. Social distancing is going to be the new norm and will drive people towards personal mobility across segments. Commuters will shy away from using our already overloaded public transport even if there’s some level of social distancing being maintained as that would not guarantee health safety for the passengers. If safe levels of social distancing are to be maintained in our public mobility, then it would be virtually impossible to move the masses. I foresee this drifting a large number of public transport users towards personal mobility.

As far as new purchase decisions are concerned, we have seen in the past that across economies recovering from downturns, the consumers, especially in the case of automobiles generally end up gravitating towards entry-level vehicles where the initial purchase price is low and so is the TCO (Total Cost of Ownership).

Besides TCO, which is very low in the case of EVs (Electric Vehicles), another very important factors in the favour of the EV camp are the ease of use, convenience, and substantially

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lower cost to operate than a counterpart IC (Internal Combustion) engine vehicle. No more going to the petrol station to fill fuel. Easily remove your portable battery from your vehicle, take it up to your apartment or office to charge and once charged, plug it back in the vehicle and use it for a range of 60-80 km per charge., and if you’re a heavy user, we offer you vehicles which can go beyond 150 kms per charge. No coming in contact with various potentially ‘dangerous’ touch-points while using public transport to commute and no more queuing up at petrol pumps to fill your vehicle. Just Plug In, Charge, and Ride!

For our readers, can you explain Hero Electric's TwoWheeler success story?

We studied the automobile markets both in India and abroad and identified the opportunities for EVs (Electric Vehicles) in this world of gas guzzling, carbon emitting ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) vehicles.

EVs are highly efficient due to their low number of moving parts, and can help tackle world problems like noise pollution, air pollution and rising fuel prices.

We also did extensive research that took into multiple factors that influence an EV buying decision. We knew that the goal we were trying to achieve would be possible in the long-term as the awareness levels were low.

But we were committed to bringing about a change and we have stuck to that.

That pushed us to really start Hero Electric – to plug in a gap that we saw in the market!

As I mentioned earlier, we have a family of over 300,000 and that is a testament that people have accepted electric mobility and they also care about the .

environment. Obviously, this feat has not been easy. But then, change never is. We have been very focused and perseverant towards our goal and that has worked for us. We have been cognizant of the demands and needs of the customer. Our research and analysis on consumer behavior have been vast and gave us deep insights into what clicks with a typical customer.

One of our most vital finding was that the key to developing a loyal customer base is through a reliable after sales and service centres that are spread across the country. Our network and customer service are some of our biggest assets and we are grateful to all our partners who have been with and made it possible for customers – both old and new – to trust Hero Electric, its products and services.

We have constantly been innovating and improvising on how to improve customer experiences and have regularly led the industry with a number of first of their kind initiatives even for the conventional auto industry. Some of these initiatives are: 3 day return policy for a customer buying our vehicle, he can return it back within 3 days and no questions asked; customer and potential interaction by our senior teams to understand their needs and wants and reasons for buying or not buying our vehicles and then addressing those issues to offer the best possible products and yet keep them affordable. There are numerous other innovations which have been done in the past and we will continue to push the boundaries as we go forward as well. That’s what our customers have come to expect from us!

This trust pushes us to do more and do better because we don’t compromise on quality and want to give our customers the definitive Hero Electric ownership experience.

PG 11

INCONVERSATION

SUARABH KUMAR MANAGING DIRECTOR EESL

What was EESL's motive to launch the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP)?

E l e c t r i c mo b i l i t y h a s b e e n gaining ground in India and a c r o s s t h e wo r l d . I t i s p r o j e c t e d t h a t E Vs i n I n d i a wi l l a c h i e v e a d o mi n a n t s h a r e o f ~ 3 0 % b y 2 0 3 0 .

Un d e r s t a n d i n g t h e p o t e n t i a l o f E Vs i n a d d r e s s i n g I n d i a ’ s a i ms f o r an energy-ready and e n v i r o n me n t a l l y s u s t a i n a b l e f u t u r e , t h e I n d i a n g o v e r n me n t l a u n c h e d t h e Na t i o n a l E l e c t r i c Mo b i l i t y Mi s s i o n P l a n ( NE MMP ) i n 2 0 1 3 wi t h a t a r g e t t o a c h i e v e 3 0 % e - mo b i l i t y b y 2 0 3 0 . E E S L , wi t h i t s p r o v e n d e ma n d a g g r e g a t i o n mo d e l f o r b u l k E V p r o c u r e me n t , l e v e r a g e d t h e e c o n o mi e s o f s c a l e b y r e d u c i n g t h e r a n g e a n x i e t y a mo n g t h e c o n s u me r s , i n c r e a s i n g t h e a d o p t i o n o f e l e c t r i c mo b i l i t y . Ti l l date, 1,514 e-cars have been deployed and another 500 are under registration. EESL has also s i g n e d a g r e e me n t s wi t h v a r i o u s P u b l i c S e c t o r Un d e r t a k i n g s , g o v e r n me n t d e p a r t me n t s , a n d s t a t e g o v e r n me n t s f o r d e p l o y i n g t h e E Vs . E E S L h a s a l s o p a r t n e r e d wi t h Ba g h i r a t h i S u s t a i n a b i l i t y India Pvt. Ltd. to deploy around 2 5 0 E Vs a n d f a s t - t r a c k t h e a d o p t i o n o f e - mo b i l i t y wi t h i n p r i v a t e a n d g o v e r n me n t agencies located across India, s t a r t i n g wi t h T e l a n g a n a , K a r n a t a k a a n d An d h r a P r a d e s h .

We h a v e a l s o c o l l a b o r a t e d wi t h Bl u S ma r t Mo b i l i t y t o e n h a n c e s h a r e d e - mo b i l i t y i n I n d i a wi t h t h e h e l p o f t h e c h a r g i n g n e t wo r k of EESL using the affordable s u b s c r i p t i o n mo d e l . R e c e n t l y , we have also floated a new tender f o r t h e p r o c u r e me n t o f 1 0 0 0 extended range EVs.

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"TO ACCELERATE THE EV ADOPTION, WE NEED TO INCREASE THE AVAILABILITY OF NECESSARY ELECTRICITY NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE" EESL had predicted around 60 to 70 lakh EVs on Indian roads by 2020 and to achieve 30% Emobility by 2030. How much of this is practically achievable looking at the present pandemic situation?

Un d e r s t a n d i n g t h e p o t e n t i a l o f E Vs i n a d d r e s s i n g I n d i a ’ s a i ms f o r an energy-ready and e n v i r o n me n t a l l y s u s t a i n a b l e f u t u r e , t h e I n d i a n g o v e r n me n t l a u n c h e d t h e Na t i o n a l E l e c t r i c Mo b i l i t y Mi s s i o n P l a n ( NE MMP ) i n 2 0 1 3 wi t h a t a r g e t t o b r i n g 6 0 t o 7 0 l a k h E Vs t o I n d i a n r o a d s b y 2 0 2 0 a n d i s c o mmi t t e d t o a c h i e v e 3 0 % e - mo b i l i t y b y 2 0 3 0 .

T h e s e t t a r g e t b y t h e g o v e r n me n t h a s a l r e a d y b e e n a c h i e v e d wi t h t h e p r o l i f e r a t i o n o f e - r i c k s h a ws , e - a u t o s a n d e - t wo wh e e l e r s , wh i c h h a v e e me r g e d a s t h e mo s t p r o mi s i n g s e g me n t s f o r electrification in India.

T h i s COVI D- 1 9 p a n d e mi c h a s b r o u g h t mo s t OE M a n d s u p p l i e r f a c t o r i e s t o a s t a n d s t i l l , wh i c h are now likely to produce 7.5 mi l l i o n f e we r v e h i c l e s i n 2 0 2 0 , a s ma j o r i t y o f p r o d u c t i o n f a c i l i t i e s a c r o s s s u p p l y c h a i n s r e ma i n closed or are not able to attain f u l l p r o d u c t i o n c a p a c i t y . Wi t h t h e

g r a d u a l o p e n i n g o f t h e e c o n o my , the outlook for EV industry r e ma i n s p o s i t i v e i n I n d i a d e s p i t e COVI D- 1 9 d i s r u p t i o n wi t h 3 0 - 3 5 % of sales to be electric by 2025 wh i c h i n c l u d e s mi l d h y b r i d , f u l l hybrids, plug-in, and battery. In a b i d t o k e e p i t s g r o wt h i n t h e f a s t lane, there is a need of collective p u s h f r o m t h e g o v e r n me n t s , OE Ms , c h a r g i n g i n f r a s t r u c t u r e providers, financial institutions, a l o n g wi t h a n e a g e r n e s s f r o m t h e c o n s u me r f o r E V a d o p t i o n . Th e long-term outlook for the EV ma r k e t i s l i k e l y t o r e ma i n p o s i t i v e i f c l e a n mo b i l i t y r e ma i n s a p o l i c y p r i o r i t y a n d e c o n o mi c s t i mu l u s p a c k a g e s r e f l e c t t h e r o l e o f e - mo b i l i t y a s a d r i v e r o f broader innovation.

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To accelerate the EV adoption, we n e e d t o i n c r e a s e t h e availability of necessary e l e c t r i c i t y n e t wo r k i n f r a s t r u c t u r e , wh i c h wi l l b r i n g d o wn c o s t s a n d increase the options available for transport electrification in India.

Ad d i t i o n a l l y , c o n d u c i v e p o l i c i e s and new technological i n n o v a t i o n s , wi l l f u r t h e r l o we r t h e c o s t o f E Vs a n d E V i n f r a s t r u c t u r e , a n d wi l l h a v e t o c o n t i n u e t o e n a b l e t h e l o n g - t e r m g r o wt h o f e - mo b i l i t y .

PG 12

EESL had floated a fresh tender to acquire 1,000 electric vehicles from automobile manufacturers in its effort to turn its entire fleet electric by 2030. Kindly elaborate.

Ou r E V p r o g r a mme h a s c r e a t e d an enabling ecosystem by establishing a substantial presence for EVs and e n c o u r a g i n g mo r e p a r t i c i p a t i o n of the industries and adoption by c o n s u me r s . E E S L i s l o o k i n g a t r e p l a c i n g a l mo s t h a l f a mi l l i o n cars used by the Indian g o v e r n me n t wi t h E V s . Ti l l d a t e , 1,514 e-cars have been d e p l o y e d / u n d e r d e p l o y me n t .

EESL is in the process of a g g r e g a t i n g t h e d e ma n d f o r t h i s s e g me n t . We h a v e r e c e n t l y floated a fresh tender to procure 1 , 0 0 0 e l e c t r i c c a r s wi t h e x t e n d e d r a n g e ( 1 8 0 k i l o me t e r s p e r c h a r g e ) wi t h s i x y e a r s o f wa r r a n t y a n d a n a d d i t i o n a l s i x y e a r s o f s e r v i c i n g f o r d e p l o y me n t a t v a r i o u s g o v e r n me n t a g e n c i e s .

As a n wh e n t h e r e i s a r e q u i r e me n t a g g r e g a t e d , E E S L wi l l c o n s i d e r a c c o r d i n g l y .

Do you have enough support coming from the EV Manufacturers and OEMs to fulfill the 2030 target and also curb the carbon footprints in India?

E l e c t r i c Ve h i c l e s a r e t h e n e e d o f t h e h o u r . I t i s a p r o mi s i n g t e c h n o l o g y wi t h a b r i g h t f u t u r e i n t h e I n d i a n ma r k e t . I t h a s r e ma r k a b l e p o t e n t i a l t o s u p p o r t I n d i a ’ s g r o wt h b y e n h a n c i n g ma n u f a c t u r i n g , j o b c r e a t i o n , a n d t e c h n i c a l c a p a b i l i t i e s . Wi t h t h e s h u t d o wn s o f t h e e n t i r e s u p p l y chain and the EV industry, there wa s a n i mp a c t o n t h e g l o b a l E V ma r k e t a s mo s t o f t h e s u p p l y i s c o n c e n t r a t e d i n Ch i n a . I t wa s o b s e r v e d t h a t mo s t o f t h e g l o b a l

| JULY ISSUE 2020

ma r k e t i n t e r l i n k a g e s i n t h e t i me s o f a n e c o n o mi c s t a n d s t i l l c a n create supply chain breaks, l o g i s t i c a l d e l a y s , a n d p r e ma t u r e d e ma n d t e r mi n a t i o n s . I n I n d i a ' s c o n t e x t , t h e ma j o r i t y o f t h e E VS E h a r d wa r e t o s e t - u p t h e c h a r g i n g i n f r a s t r u c t u r e a r e i mp o r t e d f r o m Ch i n a a n d a s s e mb l e d i n I n d i a .

Wi t h t h e h a l t i n p r o d u c t i o n c e n t r e s a c r o s s I n d i a a n d Ch i n a , ma n u f a c t u r i n g h a s b e e n p r i ma r i l y i mp a c t e d a n d wi l l t a k e t h e l o n g e s t t o r e c o v e r . Th e ma n u f a c t u r i n g units, retailing/sales units has been affected adversely due to inter-country and inter-states l o g i s t i c a l c h a l l e n g e s . He r e i n , enough buffer capacity of c o mp o n e n t s a mo n g s t ma n u f a c t u r e r s wi l l l i k e l y d e t e r mi n e t h e i n s t a l l a t i o n s t u r n a r o u n d t i me o n c e t h e l o c k d o wn i s l i f t e d i n t h e d e ma n d locations in the country.

Ho we v e r , wi t h Un l o c k 1 . 0 , t h e r e should be gradual increase in the a v a i l a b i l i t y o f ma i n t e n a n c e / f i e l d s e r v i c e l a b o u r s . Th e t i me i s opportune for a new strategy, p i v o t p l a n o r f o r t r a n s f o r ma t i o n .

We n e e d t o p l a n p o s s i b l e s t r a t e g i c mo v e s i n c l u d i n g a d d i n g s o f t wa r e or advanced electronics capabilities, either organically or through acquisitions, joint v e n t u r e s , o r p a r t n e r s h i p s . Wi t h t h e gradual reopening of our e c o n o my , s p e c i a l f o c u s h a s t o b e g i v e n t o e - mo b i l i t y s e c t o r , i n a b i d t o k e e p i t s g r o wt h i n t h e f a s t l a n e .

Th e r e i s n e e d o f a c o l l e c t i v e p u s h f r o m t h e g o v e r n me n t s , OE Ms , charging infrastructure providers, f i n a n c i a l i n s t i t u t i o n s , a l o n g wi t h a n a p p e t i t e f r o m t h e c o n s u me r f o r E V adoption in the country.

E E S L wi l l c o n t i n u e t o e n a b l e mo r e energy and fuel savings by c r e a t i n g a r o b u s t ma r k e t f o r e mo b i l i t y i n I n d i a . We a r e wo r k i n g to ensure that these efforts t r a n s l a t e t o t h e t r a n s f o r ma t i o n o f t h e I n d i a n E V ma r k e t , e n a b l i n g universal access to this technology across India.

What initiatives are taken by the govt. to promote 'Atma Nirbharta' in Emobility sector?

Wi t h t h e r e c e n t a n n o u n c e me n t b y F i n a n c e Mi n i s t e r , t h e g o v e r n me n t h a s d e c i d e d t o o f f e r ₹3 lakh crore as collateral-free a u t o ma t i c l o a n t o MS ME s e c t o r wi t h o u t s t a n d i n g l o a n o f ₹ 2 5 c r o r e . T h e l o a n o f f e r e d wi l l b e given for a tenure of four years a n d wi l l h a v e a 1 2 - mo n t h d e f e r me n t p e r i o d . T h e enterprises eligible for this loan wi l l n o t h a v e t o f u r n i s h a n y n e w collateral to avail this loan.

An o t h e r , a d d i t i o n a l a mo u n t o f ₹20,000 crore has further been a l l o c a t e d b y t h e g o v e r n me n t t o b e u s e d f o r s t r e s s e d MS ME s .

This is going to benefit a lot of industries, including the Indian a u t o mo b i l e s e c t o r a s mo s t o f t h e a u t o c o mp o n e n t ma k e r s a r e MS ME s .

The initiative announced is likely t o h e l p I n d i a n a u t o c o mp o n e n t ma n u f a c t u r e r s r e s u me t h e i r businesses and strengthen the supply chain in the country.

F u r t h e r mo r e , t h i s wi l l a l s o h e l p t h e c o mp a n i e s t o r a mp u p t h e i r businesses and reduce a u t o ma k e r ' s d e p e n d e n c e o n o t h e r c o u n t r i e s f o r c o mp o n e n t s required. India has the potential t o b u i l d a d u r a b l e e c o n o mi c advantage in this key sector and s c a l e i t s d o me s t i c p r o d u c t i o n capacity.

The long-term outlook for the EV market is likely to remain positive if clean mobility remains a policy priority and economic stimulus packages reflect the role of e-mobility as a driver of broader innovation.

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PG 13

PERSPECTIVE

W H A T

W O U L D

E L E C T R I C

D E T E R M I N E

V E H I C L E

( E V )

T H E

F U T U R E

C H A R G I N G

I N

O F

I N D I A ?

A WAIT TIME OF UNDER 3-MINUTES OF INTERCHANGED BATTERIES VERSUS 1.5-2 HOURS OF CHARGING THE VEHICLE

RAVINDRA MOHAN DIRECTOR (STRATEGY & BUSINESS) CHARGE+ZONE

I n d i a ’ s r o a d t r a n s p o r t i s o n e o f t h e mo s t e n e r g y - a n d p o l l u t i o n - i n t e n s i v e a c t i v i t y a n d a f a s t - g r o wi n g s o u r c e o f c a r b o n e mi s s i o n s . I t i s h o me t o 2 2 o f t h e wo r l d ’ s 3 0 mo s t p o l l u t e d c i t i e s .

Go v e r n me n t o f I n d i a i s c r e a t i n g a e n a b l i n g l a n d s c a p e o f ‘ c l e a n k i l o me t r e s ’ t o s u p p o r t t h r o u g h s h a r e d a n d e l e c t r i c mo b i l i t y , i . e . , E Vs ( 2 W, 3 W, 4 W) , v i d e F AME 2 .

T o u n d e r s t a n d wh a t wi l l d o mi n a t e t h e e n e r g y s a l e t o E Vs , wh e t h e r s l o w c h a r g i n g ( AC) o r F a s t Ch a r g i n g ( DC) o r Ba t t e r y s wa p p i n g , o n e h a s t o d e l v e i n t o b i g g e r p i c t u r e a n d e x a mi n e E V e c h o - s y s t e m i n I n d i a a n d current technologies available.

Ch a r g i n g o f E Vs l a r g e l y d e p e n d s o n t h e u s a g e p a t t e r n .

S e l f - o wn e d E Vs ( 2 W a n d 4 W) , l i k e t h e i r I CE c o u n t e r p a r t a r e p a r k e d f o r s u b s t a n t i a l t i me o f t h e d a y a n d h e n c e e a s i l y l e n d t h e ms e l v e s t o s t a n d a r d c h a r g i n g me t h o d s ( AC o r DC) .

Co mme r c i a l f l e e t s ( 2 W / 3 W / 4 W) – f o r e mp l o y e e t r a n s p o r t , r i d e - h a i l i n g ( Ri d e - a s - a - s e r v i c e o r V e h i c l e - a s a - s e r v i c e ) , e - c o mme r c e d e l i v e r i e s , f o o d d e l i v e r i e s a n d o t h e r c o mme r c i a l a n d i n d u s t r i a l u s e c a s e s ; r e p r e s e n t t h e f a s t e s t g r o wi n g s e g me n t o f v e h i c l e s o n I n d i a n r o a d s a n d a r e a l s o e mb r a c i n g E Vs .

F o r c o mme r c i a l f l e e t s , a r o b u s t c h a r g i n g s t r a t e g y i s i mp e r a t i v e t o a d d r e s s t h e f o l l o wi n g : St a nda r d Cha r gi ng:

Ba s e d o n o p e r a t i o n c o s t Ch a r g i n g c o me s o u t cheaper, L o n g e r c h a r g i n g t i me ( b o t h AC o r DC) l e a d s t o potential loss of earnings Cu s t o me r s ma y b e k e p t wa i t i n g d u e t o u n s c h e d u l e d a n d “ d u mb ” c h a r g i n g o f f l e e t s a t c a p t i v e c h a r g i n g infrastructure Long term planning and predictable business scenario is required to avoid ancillary expenses s u c h a s l a n d l e a s e , g r i d a u g me n t a t i o n wh e n f l e e t size is increased and other costs Low utilization of any captive or contracted chargers Ba t t e r y Swa ppi ng:

Hi g h e r o n - r o a d t i me a n d r e v e n u e - g e n e r a t i n g h o u r s ma k e b a t t e r y - s wa p a n a t t r a c t i v e o p t i o n f o r s e l e c t use cases Ba t t e r y S wa p Op e r a t o r b e c o me s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e c o s t s o f t h e b a t t e r y , b a t t e r y l i f e , ma i n t e n a n c e , o t h e r

| JULY ISSUE 2020

c a p i t a l c o s t s , q u a l i t y , t e c h n o l o g y , a n d wa r r a n t y Th e s p a r e b a t t e r i e s a t s wa p s t a t i o n s c o u l d p a r t i c i p a t e i n V2 G s t o r a g e , a s a n d wh e n p e r mi t t e d i n I n d i a Ba t t e r y s wa p p i n g l i k e l y t o h e l p i n d e n s e l y p o p u l a t e d a r e a s , a s c o mp a r a t i v e l y i t r e q u i r e s l e s s f o o t p r i n t E V b a t t e r y s wa p p i n g ma r k e t i n t e r ms o f s e r v i c e t y p e is categorized into, - p a y - p e r - u s e mo d e l , a n d - s u b s c r i p t i o n mo d e l Ba t t e r y s wa p p i n g s o l u t i o n h a v e b e e n c r i t i c i z e d f o r b e i n g p r o p r i e t a r y . By c r e a t i n g a mo n o p o l y r e g a r d i n g t h e o wn e r s h i p o f t h e b a t t e r i e s a n d t h e p a t e n t p r o t e c t e d t e c h n o l o g i e s t h e c o mp a n i e s h a v e s p l i t u p t h e ma r k e t a n d h a v e d e c r e a s e d t h e c h a n c e s o f a wi d e r u s a g e o f b a t t e r y s wa p p i n g a s a s t r a t e g y Ba s e d o n t e c h n o l o g y i n v o g u e , a s o n d a t e f o r f l e e t b a s e d t wo a n d t h r e e - wh e e l e r s , b a t t e r y - s wa p ma y b e a n a t t r a c t i v e s o l u t i o n t h a t a l l o ws d r i v e r s t o ma k e mo r e t r i p s p e r d a y . Va r i o u s p i l o t s d o n e u s i n g E l e c t r i c r i c k s h a ws wh o o p t e d f o r b a t t e r y s wa p p i n g u s i n g L i - i o n i n s t e a d o f S e a l e d L e a d Ac i d b a t t e r i e s , s a w i mp r o v e me n t i n t h e i r earning through higher utilization of their EVs from 1001 2 0 t o a b o u t 2 0 0 k ms a d a y . Th e e x t r a i n v e s t me n t i n s wa p p i n g i n f r a s t r u c t u r e i s j u s t i f i e d b a s e d o n t h i s .

Th e I n d i a n E V b a t t e r y s wa p p i n g ma r k e t , t h e s u b s c r i p t i o n mo d e l i s p r o j e c t e d t o g r o w a t a f a s t e r r a t e i n t h e n e a r future.

E Vs u s e d f o r u r b a n f r e i g h t a n d l a s t mi l e d e l i v e r i e s ( i . e . , E c o mme r c e d e l i v e r y , s t o r e - h o me d e l i v e r y , F o o d d e l i v e r y ) h a v e p o t e n t i a l f o r e x p o n e n t i a l g r o wt h a f t e r i n d u s t r y e n v i r o n me n t p i c k s - u p f r o m p r e s e n t s t a t e o f l u l l . F o r i n s t a n c e , I K E A ( a n E V 1 0 0 s i g n a t o r y ) a i ms t o r u n 6 0 % o f i t s h o me d e l i v e r y f l e e t u s i n g E Vs wi t h i n t h r e e y e a r s o f o p e r a t i o n . S wi g g y , a f o o d d e l i v e r y c o mp a n y , i s p i l o t i n g t h e u s e o f E Vs a c r o s s 1 0 c i t i e s i n I n d i a .

Th e I n d i a n e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e b a t t e r y s wa p p i n g ma r k e t i s f r a g me n t e d i n n a t u r e , c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y t h e p r e s e n c e o f k e y p l a y e r s , s u c h a s S UN Mo b i l i t y P v t . L t d . , L i t h i o n P o we r P v t . L t d . , Ol a E l e c t r i c Mo b i l i t y P v t . L t d . , E x i c o m T e l e S y s t e ms L t d . , Twe n t y Two Mo t o r s P v t . L t d . ( 2 2 K Y MCO) , a n d P a n a s o n i c I n d i a P v t . L t d . We a r e y e t t o s e e a successful proof of concept built around operating a s wa p p i n g s t a t i o n i n I n d i a . Gl o b a l l y , Te s l a a n d B e t t e r P l a c e h a v e t r i e d t h e i r h a n d s b u t b o t h o f t h o s e a t t e mp t s we r e u n s u c c e s s f u l . On e s u c c e s s f u l e x c e p t i o n i s Go g o r o t h a t l a u n c h e d s c o o t e r s r u n n i n g o n s wa p p a b l e b a t t e r i e s i n Ta i wa n i n 2 0 1 5 a n d h a s s i n c e e x p a n d e d o p e r a t i o n s t o J a p a n , F r a n c e a n d Ge r ma n y . Ar o u n d t h e wo r l d , Go g o r o r i d e r s s wa p 8 6 , 0 0 0 b a t t e r i e s e v e r y d a y .

As f a r a s I n d i a n ma r k e t i s c o n c e r n e d f o r r e a s o n s me n t i o n e d a b o v e b o t h s t a n d a r d c h a r g i n g a n d b a t t e r y s wa p p i n g wi l l g o h a n d i n h a n d , S t a n d a r d c h a r g i n g f o r 4 W ( b o t h s e l f - o wn e d a n d c o mme r c i a l f l e e t ) a n d 2 W ( s e l f - o wn e d ) Ba t t e r y s wa p p i n g p r i ma r i l y f o r 3 W a n d 2 W u s e d i n s h a r e d mo b i l i t y s p a c e ( Ri d e h a i l i n g / Ri d e a s a Service) PG 15

PRABHJOT KAUR

YUVRAJ SARDA

CO-FOUNDER AND CEO ESMITO SOLUTIONS PVT LTD

HEAD OF STRATEGY SUN MOBILITY

INTERCHANGE VS CHARGING I f o r e s e e t h a t b o t h h a v e t h e i r o wn s p a c e , a n d b o t h n e e d t o c o e x i s t . P e r s o n a l v e h i c l e o wn e r s l i k e y o u a n d me wo u l d wa n t t o o wn o u r b a t t e r i e s a l o n g wi t h t h e v e h i c l e s , c h a r g e a t h o me a n d s t a y a wa y f r o m g o i n g t o an Interchange station every now and then for s wa p p i n g t h e d i s c h a r g e d b a t t e r y wi t h a c h a r g e d o n e .

Ma y b e i f my v e h i c l e a l l o ws a n d I a m wa n t i n g t o t r a v e l a l o n g e r d i s t a n c e , a n a d d - o n b a t t e r y o p t i o n s h a l l c o mb a t my r a n g e a n x i e t y , p r o v i d e d we h a v e g o o d c o v e r a g e b y o p e r a t o r s a r o u n d t h e p l a c e s t o p r o v i d e me t h e c o mp a t i b l e b a t t e r i e s wi t h p r o mi s e d s a f e t y a n d r a n g e I am paying for.

Ho we v e r , f o r t h e d e l i v e r y a n d l o g i s t i c s a p p l i c a t i o n s , Interchanging of batteries is conspicuous. Business wi t h s wa p p i n g o p e r a t i o n s i s d i s c e r n i b l e ; n o o n e wo u l d wa n t a d o wn t i me wi t h t h e a s s e t s t h a t e a r n mo n e y d u r i n g t h e i r o p e r a t i o n a l h o u r s . Wi t h t h e wa i t i n g / c h a r g i n g t i me o f t h e v e h i c l e , t h e r e i s a l s o a d e ma n d f o r parking space and added to that the chargers Infrastructure set up at the high cost real estate if one o p t s f o r c h a r g i n g t h e E V. Th e v e r y n a t u r e o f t h e c o mme r c i a l a c t i v i t i e s d e ma n d t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n o f s wa p p a b l e b a t t e r i e s i n t h e e c o s y s t e m wi t h g o o d analytics and safety insurance.

I n d i a h a s a u n i q u e l y d i v e r s e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n mi x a n d n o o n e s o l u t i o n c a n me e t a l l i t s n e e d s . Di f f e r e n t mo b i l i t y a p p l i c a t i o n s r e q u i r e d i f f e r e n t E V s o l u t i o n s , wh i c h l e a d to the coexistence of both, fixed-battery EV charging & b a t t e r y s wa p p i n g s o l u t i o n s . Th e k e y f a c t o r s t h a t d e t e r mi n e t h e s u i t a b i l i t y o f t h e c h a r g i n g s o l u t i o n a r e c o s t e c o n o mi c s a n d o p e r a t i o n a l p a r a me t e r s o f t h e mo b i l i t y a p p l i c a t i o n ( p e r s o n a l u s e v s c o mme r c i a l u s e , passenger vs goods carrier, intercity vs intra-city, value o f wa i t i n g t i me , e t c . ) . We ( I n d i a n s ) a r e a h i g h l y v a l u e c o n s c i o u s s o c i e t y , h e n c e , t o e n a b l e ma s s a d o p t i o n o f e l e c t r i c mo b i l i t y , me e t i n g o r b e a t i n g t h e c o s t e c o n o mi c s o f a c o mp e t i n g I CE ( I n t e r n a l Co mb u s t i o n Engine-based) solution is very critical.

F o r mo b i l i t y a p p l i c a t i o n s s u c h a s p e r s o n a l u s e o f c a r s a n d t wo - wh e e l e r s , wh e r e t h e u s e r d o e s n o t d r i v e mo r e t h a n 4 0 k m p e r d a y , c a n b e we l l ma n a g e d b y E V s wi t h s ma l l e r f i x e d b a t t e r i e s a n d l o w- c o s t h o me c h a r g i n g .

Th e s e c a n b e s u p p o r t e d b y t o p - u p l o w- c o s t s l o w c h a r g i n g a t s u p e r ma r k e t s , s h o p p i n g ma l l s , c a f ĂŠ s , r e s t a u r a n t s , e t c . Wh i l e t h e u p f r o n t c o s t o f t h e s e v e h i c l e s c a n b e a b i t h i g h e r a s c o mp a r e d t o t h e i r I CE c o u n t e r p a r t s , i t c a n b e a mo r t i z e d o v e r t i me a l o n g wi t h t h e l o we r o p e r a t i n g c o s t . Bu t f o r u s a g e o f E V s i n c o mme r c i a l a p p l i c a t i o n s s u c h a s d e l i v e r y s c o o t e r s , b i k e t a x i s , a u t o r i c k s h a ws , e Ri c k s h a ws , g o o d s c a r r i e r s , 4 W t a x i s , e t c . , o n e wo u l d n e e d l a r g e r b a t t e r i e s t o me e t t h e i r o p e r a t i o n a l r e q u i r e me n t s o f l o n g e r d i s t a n c e s t h u s increasing their costs significantly. In such cases, b a t t e r y s wa p p i n g b a s e d e n e r g y i n f r a s t r u c t u r e o f f e r s a v e r y l u c r a t i v e v a l u e p r o p o s i t i o n o f l o we r u p f r o n t E V c o s t (as batteries are not part of the EV cost), no c o mp r o mi s e o n o p e r a t i n g a b i l i t y o f t h e a s s e t / v e h i c l e ( n o wa i t i n g t i me f o r c h a r g i n g a s s wa p p i n g t a k e s o n l y a f e w mi n u t e s , n o r a n g e l i mi t a t i o n wi t h mu l t i p l e s wa p s ) a n d o v e r a l l a l o we r t o t a l c o s t o f o p e r a t i o n s v e r s u s f a s t c h a r g i n g . I t i s a l s o i mp o r t a n t t o n o t e t h a t b a t t e r y s wa p p i n g s o l u t i o n i n t e r o p e r a b l e a c r o s s v a r i o u s v e h i c l e mo d e l s c a n b e s c a l e d u p v e r y q u i c k l y a n d p r o f i t a b l y . I t i mp r o v e s t h e u t i l i z a t i o n o f r e a l e s t a t e wh i c h i s t h e o n e of the biggest challenges for charging station that require hours to charge just one vehicle.

Th e f u t u r e o f E V c h a r g i n g i n I n d i a wi l l b e d r i v e n b y c o mp a n i e s wh i c h i d e n t i f y t h e n e e d s o f t h e mo b i l i t y a p p l i c a t i o n s a n d o f f e r t h e m wi t h t h e s c a l a b l e c h a r g i n g s o l u t i o n a t t h e r i g h t p r i c e p o i n t . Ba t t e r y s wa p p i n g s o l u t i o n s e e ms t o b e c o mi n g o u t a s a c l e a r wi n n e r i n t h e s e g me n t s ( c o mme r c i a l 2 - / 3 - wh e e l e r s ) t h a t i t i s currently catering to.

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PG 16

AWADHESH JHA VICE PRESIDENT- CHARGE & DRIVE AND SUSTAINABILITY, FORTUM INDIA

At t h e o u t s e t , I b e l i e v e t h a t ma n y p e o p l e h a v e a f i x e d n o t i o n a b o u t c h a r g i n g t i me t a k e n b y t wo t e c h n o l o g i e s s u c h a s b a t t e r y s wa p p i n g a n d c h a r g i n g s t a t i o n s . S o , I a m t a k i n g a n o p e n v i e w a n d a t t e mp t i n g t o a d d r e s s t h e l i k e l y a c c e p t a b i l i t y o f b a t t e r y s wa p p i n g a n d c h a r g i n g t e c h n o l o g y b y E V c o n s u me r i n t h e c o mi n g y e a r s .

Un l i k e d e v e l o p e d c o u n t r i e s wh e r e E V r e f e r s p r i ma r i l y t o electric cars, in India, EV has to cater to various s e g me n t o f a u t o mo b i l e s - 2 W, 3 W a n d 4 W. Hi t h e r t o b a t t e r y c h e mi s t r y f o r 2 W, 3 W s e g me n t a n d 4 W s e g me n t h a s b e e n L e a d Ac i d a n d L i - i o n r e s p e c t i v e l y . T h e r e f o r e , c h a r g i n g mo d e a n d t i me a r e d i f f e r e n t f o r t h e s e s e g me n t s . Be s i d e s b a t t e r y t e c h n o l o g y , c o n s u me r ’ s perspective is also needed to be understood to have a directional view of charging of EV in future.

Of t h e v a r i o u s f a c t o r s , t h e a v e r a g e E V u s e r p i c k s u p r a n g e a n x i e t y a n d c h a r g i n g t i me a s a ma j o r b a r r i e r t o t h e a d o p t i o n o f e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e s . Th e r a n g e a n x i e t y i s expressed through various factors like battery size, c h a r g i n g i n f r a s t r u c t u r e , a n d c h a r g i n g t i me , a n d mo s t s u r v e y s h a v e s h o wn t h a t r e d u c i n g c h a r g i n g t i me i s t h e l e a s t o f t h e s e b a r r i e r s . F o r e x a mp l e , Hi d r u e e t a l . ( 2 0 1 1 ) f o u n d t h a t p e o p l e a r e wi l l i n g t o p a y 4 4 % mo r e t o e x t e n d t h e r a n g e o f a n e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e f r o m 1 5 0 mi l e s t o 2 0 0 mi l e s t h a n t o d e c r e a s e t h e c h a r g i n g t i me f r o m 1 h t o 1 0 mi n . Wh a t d o e s i t me a n t h a t p r o b a b l y p e o p l e wi t h E V wo u l d p r e f e r t o s t o p l o n g e r a t o n e p o i n t t h a n t o s t o p f r e q u e n t l y t o c h a r g e / s wa p t h e b a t t e r y ?

Wh i l e DC f a s t c h a r g i n g t e c h n o l o g y l i k e CHAd e MO a n d CCS wa s i n t r o d u c e d i n 2 0 1 0 a n d 2 0 1 1 r e s p e c t i v e l y , b a t t e r y s wa p p i n g o n c o mme r c i a l s c a l e wa s i n t r o d u c e d t o t h e wo r l d i n 2 0 0 7 b y Be t t e r P l a c e , mu c h b e f o r e t h a n f a s t c h a r g i n g o f b a t t e r y . De s p i t e t h i s , t o d a y f a s t | JULY ISSUE 2020

charging technology has not only survived but evolved d u r i n g t h e l a s t o n e d e c a d e t o o f f e r s a me e x p e r i e n c e t o E V u s e r i n t e r ms o f t i me a s o n e I CE u s e r wo u l d g e t a t g a s o l i n e s t a t i o n . CP Os h a v e s t a r t e d o f f e r i n g c h a r g i n g a t 1 5 0 - 3 5 0 K W l e v e l wh i c h c a n c h a r g e a c o mp a t i b l e c a r i n l e s s t h a n 1 0 mi n u t e s t o g i v e 1 2 5 - 1 5 0 k m. R e c e n t l y , Ch i n a a n d J a p a n h a v e j o i n e d h a n d s t o d e v e l o p a h i g h p o we r c h a r g e r wh i c h c a n d e l i v e r p o we r u p t o 9 0 0 K W wh i c h c a n t h e o r e t i c a l l y p u mp e n o u g h p o we r t o b a t t e r y i n l e s s t h a n 5 mi n u t e s t o d r i v e f o r mo r e t h a n 4 0 0 k m.

On t h e o t h e r h a n d , B e t t e r P l a c e f i l e d f o r b a n k r u p t c y a n d Te s l a h a s v i r t u a l l y s t o p p e d b a t t e r y s wa p p i n g f o r t h e i r mo d e l s . As a v e r a g e c h a r g e r c a p a c i t y c o n t i n u e s t o i n c r e a s e i t b e c o me s mo r e e f f i c i e n t a n d l e s s c o s t l y , t h e r e b y r e d u c i n g r e c h a r g i n g t i me , a n d d e c r e a s i n g t h e ma r g i n a l b e n e f i t s o f b a t t e r y s wa p p i n g a n d f u r t h e r d i s c o u r a g e a d o p t i o n o f b a t t e r y s wa p p i n g b o t h b y c o n s u me r a n d c h a r g i n g s e r v i c e p r o v i d e r .

An o t h e r d e v e l o p me n t wh i c h i s t a k i n g s h a p e a t g l o b a l l e v e l i n 4 W E V s e g me n t i s wi r e l e s s c h a r g i n g . T h i s wo u l d b e v e r y h e l p f u l f o r f l e e t p a r t i c u l a r l y a t l o c a t i o n s wh e r e d r i v e r s a r e wa i t i n g i n q u e u e f o r t h e i r t u r n l i k e a t t h e Ai r p o r t . Wi r e l e s s c h a r g i n g wi l l o f f e r c o n t i n u o u s c h a r g i n g t o t h e v e h i c l e s wh i l e i t i s wa i t i n g a n d mo v i n g i n q u e u e .

Th i s wo u l d r e mo v e t h e n e e d o f p l u g g i n g t h e c a r s t o c h a r g e r i n l e t a s we l l a s b a t t e r y s wa p p i n g F i n a l l y , l a r g e - s c a l e i mp l e me n t a t i o n o f b a t t e r y s wa p p i n g wo u l d l i k e l y r e q u i r e s t a n d a r d i s a t i o n a c r o s s c a r ma n u f a c t u r e r s , b u t c a r c o mp a n i e s wo u l d h a v e l i mi t e d incentive to all agree to a single standard.

S o , b a t t e r y s wa p p i n g d o e s n o t s e e m t o b e f e a s i b l e s o l u t i o n f o r 4 W E V s e g me n t . Ho we v e r , t h i s c o u l d b e a g o o d s o l u t i o n f o r 3 W i n g e n e r a l a n d d e l i v e r y s e g me n t o f 2 W. Th e b a t t e r y c a p a c i t y n e e d e d f o r 2 W/ 3 W i s mu c h s ma l l e r – 2 k Wh t o 4 k Wh – wh i c h c a n b e h a n d l e d b y single person and battery can be standardised as c o mme r c i a l a p p l i c a t i o n o f v e h i c l e wo u l d n o t n e e d differentiation in product in general as functional r e q u i r e me n t wo u l d b e ma j o r t h e me f o r t h e s e s e g me n t s .

Bu t wi t h f a l l i n g b a t t e r y p r i c e a n d i mp r o v i n g b a t t e r y t e c h n o l o g y , d r i v i n g t h e s e v e h i c l e s wo u l d a l s o b e a d i f f e r e n t e x p e r i e n c e t h a n t o d a y a n d mi g h t n o t r e q u i r e f a s t t u r n a r o u n d t i me a s s i n g l e c h a r g e d o n e o v e r n i g h t o r i n l e i s u r e t i me wo u l d t a k e c a r e o f e n t i r e d a y ’ s o p e r a t i o n .

PG 17

ATUL ARYA HEAD ENERGY SYSTEMS DIVISION PANASONIC

I n t h e l a s t c o u p l e o f y e a r s , E l e c t r i c Ve h i c l e s h a v e g a i n e d a l o t o f p r o mi n e n c e i n t e r ms o f a wa r e n e s s . T h e a u t o mo t i v e i n d u s t r y i s n o w p i g g y b a c k i n g o n t h e mo me n t u m E Vs h a v e g a i n e d o wi n g t o t h e a mb i t i o u s p l a n s a n d i n i t i a t i v e s i n t r o d u c e d b y t h e Go v e r n me n t o f I n d i a . Wh i l e t h e s e i n i t i a t i v e s h a v e g i v e n a t h r u s t t o t h e g r o wi n g E V i n d u s t r y , o n e o f t h e ma j o r d e t e r r e n t s t h a t we c o me a c r o s s t o wa r d s i t s a d o p t i o n i s t h e l a c k o f charging facilities.

E V c h a r g i n g i s n o t t h e s a me o r , d i r e c t l y c o mp a r a b l e a s r e f u e l i n g a t r e t a i l o u t l e t s o f OMCs . Un l i k e o i l (petrol/diesel), the distribution infrastructure for e l e c t r i c i t y i s a l r e a d y we l l e s t a b l i s h e d i n t h e f o r m o f g r i d , ma k i n g i t a c c e s s i b l e a l mo s t a n y wh e r e b y i n s t a l l i n g a n E l e c t r i c Ve h i c l e S u p p l y E q u i p me n t ( E VS E ) a n d h a r n e s s i n g t h e f l o wi n g e l e c t r i c i t y . Ho we v e r , t h i s f r e e d o m o f a c c e s s i b i l i t y wo r k s o n l y we l l t i l l y o u d o n ’ t h a v e t o d r i v e a l l d a y wi t h o u t mu c h t i me f o r c h a r g i n g your vehicle.

I n d u s t r y p l a y e r s h a v e b e e n wo r k i n g t o wa r d s d e p l o y i n g charging stations across the country, seeking support f r o m t h e g o v e r n me n t t o t a k e n e c e s s a r y s t e p s t o wa r d s b u i l d i n g a r o b u s t i n f r a s t r u c t u r e . Th e f a c t i s , c o n s u me r s d o n o t wa n t t o s t r u g g l e t h r o u g h r e c h a r g i n g t h e i r vehicles.

To d a y , t h e a mo u n t o f t i me i t t a k e s f o r a n E V t o c h a r g e , ma k e s i t a n u n f e a s i b l e s o l u t i o n f o r t h e E V o wn e r s . A p o t e n t i a l a l t e r n a t e t o t h i s t h a t h a s g a i n e d mu c h i n t e r e s t , i s t h e r e p l a c e me n t o f n o t j u s t t h e f u e l ( e l e c t r i c i t y i n t h i s c a s e ) wi t h t h e c o n t a i n e r t h a t c a r r i e s t h e e n e r g y t o o ( i . e . the batteries).

| JULY ISSUE 2020

I ma g i n e , i f y o u ’ r e r u n n i n g o u t o f f u e l a s y o u t a k e y o u r E V o u t f o r c o mmu t e , wo u l d y o u r a t h e r c h a n g e y o u r b a t t e r i e s f o r a f u l l y c h a r g e d o n e ( wh i c h mi g h t t a k e a mi n u t e o r t wo ) o r wo u l d y o u b e wi l l i n g t o wa i t f o r a c o u p l e h o u r s t o g e t y o u r v e h i c l e c h a r g e d ? He r e , a n o n t h e - g o b a t t e r y s wa p p i n g s y s t e m o f f e r s a r e l i a b l e solution.

Ba t t e r y s wa p p i n g a s a n a l t e r n a t i v e , e n a b l e s c o mmu t e r s t o c o n t i n u e wi t h a s i mi l a r r e f u e l i n g e x p e r i e n c e a s t h e y h a v e wh i l e f i l l i n g t h e i r t a n k s wi t h Oi l ( P e t r o l / Di e s e l ) .

Th i s b e c o me s e v e n mo r e c r u c i a l i f y o u h a v e h i g h d r i v i n g r e q u i r e me n t s a l l t h r o u g h t h e d a y a n d n e e d mu l t i p l e c h a r g e s e s s i o n s . No t o n l y t h i s , b a t t e r y s wa p p i n g a l s o e n a b l e s t h e u s e o f s ma l l e r s i z e o f batteries and reducing the upfront cost of the vehicle wh i c h i s a n o t h e r h i n d r a n c e wi t h o wn i n g a n E V .

Th e r e f o r e , i t f a l l s b e h i n d o n t wo i mp o r t a n t a s p e c t s o wn e r s h i p a n d s t a n d a r d i z a t i o n o f b a t t e r i e s . We a l l l o v e our vehicles and it is not desirable to have varied output r a n g e f o r e v e r y b a t t e r y s wa p . Al s o , f o r b a t t e r y s wa p p i n g t o b e s u c c e s s f u l , d i f f e r e n t v e h i c l e mo d e l s wo u l d n e e d t o h a v e t h e s a me b a t t e r y f o r m f a c t o r . Th i s wo u l d me a n a u t o mo t i v e c o mp a n i e s a g r e e i n g t o s t a n d a r d i z e t h e h e a r t o f t h e e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e p e r f o r ma n c e – t h e b a t t e r y .

I f s wa p p a b l e b a t t e r i e s a r e g o i n g t o b e c o me a r e a l i t y t h e t e c h n o l o g y n e e d s t o b e s t r e a ml i n e d f o r a s ma n y vehicles as possible, and that’s a big ask!

To s u m i t u p , 1 . 5 – 2 h o u r s o f c h a r g i n g b r i n g s a l o n g wi t h i t a p e r s o n a l i z e d e x p e r i e n c e o f o wn i n g t h e b a t t e r y a n d t h e v e h i c l e , u t i l i z i n g i t wi t h t h e f r e e d o m o f c h a r g i n g wh e r e a s , b a t t e r y s wa p p i n g b r i n g s a l o n g t h e c o mmo d i t i z a t i o n o f e n e r g y a n d e f f i c i e n c y t h a t c o me s a l o n g wi t h i t . An d t h a t i s wh e r e I s e e t h e f u t u r e o f E V Ch a r g i n g i n I n d i a i s h e a d e d t o wa r d s – 1 . 5 h o u r s o f c h a r g i n g f o r p e r s o n a l v e h i c l e s wh e r e mo b i l i t y i s a n e x p e r i e n c e a n d , b a t t e r y s wa p p i n g f o r c o mme r c i a l v e h i c l e s wh e r e mo b i l i t y i s a c o mmo d i t y .

PG 18

Powering Smart, Electric, Efficient Mobility

YES, I WISH TO SUBSCRIBE TO EMOBILITY+ MAGAZINE"

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EMOBILITY + | JAN FEB ISSUE 2020

w w w . e m o b i l i t y p l u s . c o m

PG 37

PERSPECTIVE

ELECTRIC MOBILITY IN INDIA A panacea for Jobs, Growth and Sustainability?

HARSIMRAN KAUR

(AN INDEPENDENT NOT-FOR-PROFIT RESEARCH INSTITUTION)

RESEARCHER COUNCIL ON ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND WATER (CEEW)

India has stated a goal of 30 per cent e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e ( E V) p e n e t r a t i o n i n n e w s a l e s b y 2 0 3 0 . De c a r b o n i s a t i o n , energy security, and jobs are the key d r i v e r s f o r t h i s a mb i t i o n . I n a p o s t COVI D wo r l d , t h e s e d r i v e r s b e c o me a l l t h e mo r e p e r t i n e n t i n s h a p i n g t h e e c o n o mi c g r o wt h t r a j e c t o r y f o r I n d i a .

Wi t h o u t a p p r o p r i a t e a mb i t i o n f o r t h e EV transition, India stands the risk of losing out on faster decarbonisation, l o w o i l i mp o r t b i l l , c r e a t i o n o f h i g h s k i l l e d j o b s a n d ma r k e t o p p o r t u n i t y r e s u l t i n g f r o m E Vs .

A d i r e c t c o mp a r i s o n o f I n d i a ’ s E V a mb i t i o n wi t h t h e g l o b a l e x p e r i e n c e wo u l d n o t b e p r u d e n t , g i v e n t h e d i s t i n c t i v e n e s s o f t h e I n d i a n ma r k e t – the kind of vehicles and end-use c a s e s t h a t wi l l s e e h i g h E V u p t a k e i s v e r y d i f f e r e n t . Two - wh e e l e r s ( 2 Ws ) a n d t h r e e - wh e e l e r s ( 3 Ws ) d o mi n a t e t h e I n d i a n E V ma r k e t t o d a y wi t h a varied range of use-cases – private u s e , f i r s t - / l a s t - mi l e c o n n e c t i v i t y a n d u r b a n f r e i g h t . Gi v e n t h e n u mb e r o f I n d i a n ma r k e t p l a y e r s i n t h e s e s e g me n t s , I n d i a h a s t h e p o t e n t i a l t o be a global leader in the ma n u f a c t u r i n g o f e l e c t r i c 2 Ws a n d 3 Ws . F o c u s i n g o n e l e c t r i c c a r s i n s t e a d wo u l d r e s u l t i n I n d i a l o s i n g o u t o n b u i l d i n g c o mp e t e n c e a n d f a i l i n g t o k e e p p a c e wi t h t h e wo r l d .

Th u s , t h e E V t r a n s i t i o n mu s t b e discussed in the right context.

Gi v e n t h e c o mp e t i t i v e n e s s o f e l e c t r i c 2 Ws a n d 3 Ws o n a t o t a l c o s t o f o wn e r s h i p ( TCO) - b a s i s a n d t h e | JULY ISSUE 2020

v a r i e t y o f o p t i o n s i n t h e ma r k e t t o d a y , o u r a n a l y s i s s h o ws t h a t t h e s e t wo s e g me n t s a l o n e c a n h e l p achieve 30 per cent EV sales by 2 0 3 0 . Th u s , t h e g o a l i s c e r t a i n l y n o t a mb i t i o u s e n o u g h . Ab o u t 5 5 9 5 electric buses have been s a n c t i o n e d u n d e r t h e F AME I I s c h e me , wh i c h i s 1 3 t i me s h i g h e r c o mp a r e d t o t h e n u mb e r o f e l e c t r i c b u s e s p r o c u r e d i n F AME I . De s p i t e f e we r e l e c t r i c c a r mo d e l s t o d a y , s t r a t e g i c i n v e s t me n t s a n d p a r t n e r s h i p s b e t we e n OE Ms a n d c a b a g g r e g a t o r s a r e u n d e r wa y . E l e c t r i c buses and taxis have higher valuea d d c o mp o n e n t s , a n d p u s h i n g f o r h i g h e r l e v e l s o f E Vs i n t h e s e s e g me n t s wi l l n o t o n l y e n s u r e f a s t e r decarbonisation but also help achieve higher levels of jobs c r e a t e d , ma r k e t o p p o r t u n i t y , a n d e n e r g y s e c u r i t y . We e s t i ma t e t h a t 3 0 per cent electric cars sales alone wi l l c r e a t e a b o u t 3 . 8 l a k h j o b s i n 2030. Further, 30 per cent EV penetration in total passenger v e h i c l e s a l e s wi l l c r e a t e a ma r k e t o p p o r t u n i t y o f a b o u t I NR 2 . 5 l a k h c r o r e s a n d t h i s i s t h e l o we r e n d o f benefits that can be gained from a higher EV goal.

Wh e n t h e l a n d i s f r e e , t h e d e p l o y me n t o f p o i n t c h a r g e r f o r c o mme r c i a l - u s e c a r s i s e c o n o mi c a l and easier to scale on account of predictive routes. Private vehicles a r e mo r e l i k e l y t o b e c h a r g e d a t h o me t h a n r e l y o n p u b l i c c h a r g i n g n e t wo r k o n a c c o u n t o f s h o r t e r d a i l y trip lengths. A pan-India survey c o n d u c t e d b y CE E W f i n d s t h a t t h e me d i a n r o u n d - t r i p c o mmu t e distance of people using cars is 20 k m/ d a y wh i l e o f t h o s e u s i n g t wo wh e e l e r s i s 1 6 k m/ d a y i n u r b a n India.

Th e i n t r o d u c t i o n o f F AME I I s c h e me a n d Na t i o n a l Mi s s i o n o n Tr a n s f o r ma t i v e Mo b i l i t y a n d S t o r a g e has stoked interest and activity in t h e E V s p a c e . Ho we v e r , s o me teething issues persist concerning financing and supply chain in the ma n u f a c t u r i n g p a r t o f t h e E V e c o s y s t e m. On c e t h e e l e c t r i c 2 Ws a n d 3 Ws t a k e o f f , t h e s e i s s u e s wi l l b e s mo o t h e d , p o s t wh i c h ma r k e t acceptability and infrastructure for t h e o t h e r v e h i c l e s e g me n t s wi l l f o l l o w. We n e e d t o p u s h E Vs s e q u e n t i a l l y a mo n g v a r i o u s s e g me n t s a n d n o t a l l i n p a r a l l e l .

Ba t t e r y s wa p p i n g h a s b e g u n t o p l a y a n i mp o r t a n t r o l e f o r e l e c t r i c 2 Ws a n d 3 Ws , o wi n g t o t h e i r s h o r t r e f u e l l i n g t i me s a n d c o mp e t i t i v e n e s s o n a TCO- b a s i s f o r t h e u s e r s . Th u s , E V c h a r g i n g i n f r a s t r u c t u r e f o r 2 Ws a n d 3 Ws i s u n l i k e l y t o b e a bottleneck.

PG 20

SUSHOVAN BEJ SENIOR CONSULTANT - ELECTRIC MOBILITY ERNST & YOUNG LLP

E l e c t r i c mo b i l i t y s e c t o r i s i n i t s n a s c e n t s t a g e i n I n d i a . Th i s i s p r i ma r i l y d u e t o l o w d e ma n d o f electric vehicles (EVs) and lack of c h a r g i n g i n f r a s t r u c t u r e . Gl o b a l s t u d i e s h a v e s h o wn t h a t a v a i l a b i l i t y and accessibility of reliable h o me / p u b l i c c h a r g i n g i n f r a s t r u c t u r e mu s t p r e c e d e t h e e n v i s a g e d d e n s e EV penetration. In the absence of a robust charging infrastructure, EV g r o wt h wi l l a l s o b e d i f f i c u l t t o sustain.

Th e Go v e r n me n t o f I n d i a ( Go I ) h a s continued to notify a stream of initiatives to develop a sustainable e l e c t r i c mo b i l i t y e c o s y s t e m. I n 2 0 1 3 , t h e Go I n d i a l a u n c h e d t h e Na t i o n a l E l e c t r i c Mo b i l i t y Mi s s i o n P l a n ( NE MMP ) wi t h a n a mb i t i o u s t a r g e t t o a c h i e v e 6 - 7 mi l l i o n s a l e s of hybrid and electric vehicles by t h e y e a r 2 0 2 0 . Un d e r t h e mi s s i o n , t h e F AME S c h e me , Go I ’ s f l a g s h i p s c h e me f o r b o o s t i n g E V u p t a k e , wa s l a u n c h e d i n Ma r c h 2 0 1 5 wi t h a n o u t l a y o f I NR 7 9 5 c r o r e . P h a s e 1

| JULY ISSUE 2020

o f t h e F AME s c h e me wa s i n i t i a l l y l a u n c h e d f o r 2 y e a r s a n d wa s further extended by 2 years till Ma r c h 2 0 1 9 . Th e c l o s u r e o f P h a s e 1 wa s s o o n f o l l o we d b y t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n o f P h a s e 2 wh i c h c o n s i s t e d o f v a r i o u s mo d i f i c a t i o n s from Phase 1 and a total corpus of I NR 1 0 , 0 0 0 c r o r e s .

Since, visibility and accessibility of charging infrastructure is the key to t h e g r o wt h o f t h e e l e c t r i c mo b i l i t y e c o s y s t e m, h e n c e ma n y i n i t i a t i v e s h a v e b e e n u n d e r t a k e n t o p r o mo t e proliferation of charging infrastructure across the country s t a r t i n g t h e Mi n i s t r y o f P o we r ’ s ( Mo P ) c l a r i f i c a t i o n o f E V c h a r g i n g not being a licensed activity in Ap r i l 2 0 1 8 , Mo P ’ s g u i d e l i n e s a n d standards for setting-up of c h a r g i n g i n f r a s t r u c t u r e f o r E Vs i n De c e mb e r 2 0 1 8 ( r e v i s e d i n Oc t o b e r 2 0 1 9 ) , CE A a me n d i n g t h e technical standards for connectivity to incorporate charging infrastructure in February 2 0 1 9 a n d CE A a me n d i n g me a s u r e s to safety and electric supply r e g u l a t i o n s i n J u n e 2 0 1 9 . To p r o mo t e s e t t i n g - u p o f c h a r g i n g infrastructure across India, the De p a r t me n t o f He a v y I n d u s t r i e s ( DHI ) h a s a l s o a l l o c a t e d I NR 1 , 0 0 0 crores of capital subsidy for d e p l o y me n t o f c h a r g i n g i n f r a s t r u c t u r e . Re c e n t l y , i n J u n e 2020, the inclusion of battery s wa p p i n g i n t h e Mo P ’ s g u i d e l i n e s

and standards for setting-up of charging infrastructure has also o p e n e d u p t h e ma r k e t wi t h a t e c h n o l o g y t h a t s h o u l d mo t i v a t e c o n s u me r s ( e s p e c i a l l y e - 2 W a n d e 3 W c o n s u me r s ) t o t r a n s i t i o n t o wa r d s e l e c t r i c mo b i l i t y wi t h l e s s wo r r y a b o u t c h a r g i n g t i me .

Wi t h g r o wi n g i n i t i a t i v e s t o d e p l o y accessible charging infrastructure across the country by public and p r i v a t e p l a y e r s a l i k e , a l o n g wi t h t h e g r o wi n g c o n c e r n s o v e r c a r b o n e mi s s i o n s d u e t o c o n v e n t i o n a l v e h i c l e s , I n d i a ’ s e l e c t r i c mo b i l i t y t a r g e t s s e e ms a c h i e v a b l e , i f t h e g o v e r n me n t s c o n t i n u e t h e i r s t r i d e t o develop an enabling ecosystem and, p r i v a t e p l a y e r s d e v e l o p ma r k e t - f i r p r o d u c t s a l o n g wi t h e n h a n c i n g t h e i r r e s e a r c h a n d d e v e l o p me n t initiatives.

Since, visibility and accessibility of charging infrastructure is the key to the growth of the electric mobility ecosystem, hence many initiatives have been undertaken to promote proliferation of charging infrastructure across the country" PG 21

INSIGHTS

'FROM A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE'

are India’s targets overly ambitious, given the current charging density and existing market acceptability for EVs? De c a r b o n i z i n g t h e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n s e c t o r i s i mp e r a t i v e t o I n d i a ’ s mo v e t o wa r d s a s u s t a i n a b l e , l o w- c a r b o n a n d e n e r g y s e c u r e f u t u r e . NI T I Aa y o g ’ s r e p o r t o n I n d i a ’ s e l e c t r i c mo b i l i t y t r a n s f o r ma t i o n 1 , p r o j e c t e d t h a t I n d i a could achieve EV sales penetration of 30% for private cars, 70% for c o mme r c i a l c a r s , 4 0 % f o r b u s e s a n d 8 0 % f o r t wo a n d t h r e e - wh e e l e r s b y 2 0 3 0 , p r o v i d e d t h a t p o l i c y me a s u r e s s u c h a s F AME - I I a r e s u c c e s s f u l .

F u r t h e r , NI TI Aa y o g h a s a l s o p r o p o s e d p h a s i n g o u t s a l e o f I n t e r n a l Co mb u s t i o n E n g i n e ( I CE ) b a s e d t h r e e - wh e e l e r s b y F Y 2 3 a n d t wo wh e e l e r s ( b e l o w t h e c a p a c i t y o f 1 5 0 c c ) b y F Y 2 5 . Ac h i e v i n g t h e s e t a r g e t s wo u l d d e p e n d o n r e d u c t i o n o f t h e h i g h u p f r o n t c o s t f o r E V s a n d e a s y access to public charging infrastructure.

Cu r r e n t s c e n a r i o i n I n d i a Cu r r e n t l y , e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e s i n India have not reached a sizeable share of the total v e h i c l e s s o l d . Ma j o r i t y o f e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e s i n I n d i a a r e t h r e e - wh e e l e r s ( 3 W) f o l l o we d b y e l e c t r i c t wo wh e e l e r s ( 2 W) wh i c h a l s o r e f l e c t s t h e ma r k e t a c c e p t a n c e f o r e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e s i n t h e s e s e g me n t s . Wi t h r e g a r d s t o e l e c t r i c c a r s , I n d i a l a g s f a r b e h i n d Ch i n a a n d t h e Un i t e d S t a t e s . Ch i n a h a s e me r g e d a s a l e a d e r i n b o t h ma n u f a c t u r e a n d a d o p t i o n o f e l e c t r i c c a r s , b u s e s a s we l l a s t wo - wh e e l e r s .

EV PENETRATION ACROSS MARKET SEGMENTS

6.4%

0.6% Electric 3W (Auto / Rickshaw)

Electric 2W

0.5%

0.1%

Buses

Electric 4W (Cars / LCV)

Source: CRISIL

S t r o n g p u b l i c E V c h a r g i n g i n f r a s t r u c t u r e wi t h f a s t c h a r g e r s t o r e d u c e t h e c h a r g i n g t i me wo u l d b e e s s e n t i a l t o i n c r e a s e u p t a k e o f e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e s . Gl o b a l l y , Ch i n a d o mi n a t e s t h e p u b l i c E V c h a r g i n g ma r k e t a c c o u n t i n g f o r o v e r 3 / 4 t h o f t o t a l f a s t c h a r g e r s i n s t a l l e d.

Th e f o l l o wi n g c h a r t c o mp a r e s t h e n u mb e r o f p u b l i c c h a r g i n g s t a t i o n s ( b o t h f a s t a n d s l o w) a mo n g c o u n t r i e s wi t h s i g n i f i c a n t p r e s e n c e o f e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e s .

PUBLIC CHARGING STATIONS (2019)

512,840

78,980 38,520 China

United States

Source: IEA Global EV Outlook 2020 | JULY ISSUE 2020

Germany

31,840 Japan

29,200 United Kingdom

11,260 Norway

PG 20

Co mp a r e d t o o t h e r c o u n t r i e s , I n d i a ’ s p u b l i c charging infrastructure is still at its infancy but s e v e r a l p l a y e r s i n c l u d i n g u t i l i t i e s , a u t o - OE Ms are planning to scale up public charging s t a t i o n s i n t h e s h o r t t e r m. Th e Mi n i s t r y o f P o we r ’ s g u i d e l i n e s f o r E V c h a r g i n g i n f r a s t r u c t u r e r e c o mme n d i n s t a l l a t i o n o f a t least one public charging station in a grid of 3 k m X 3 k m i n c i t i e s . B a t t e r y s wa p p i n g s t a t i o n s a r e a l s o g a i n i n g t r a c t i o n , e s p e c i a l l y a mo n g e l e c t r i c t h r e e - wh e e l e r a g g r e g a t o r s , a s a n alternative to conventional charging station.

Ba t t e r y s wa p p i n g s t a t i o n s s i g n i f i c a n t l y r e d u c e t h e t i me s p e n t o n r e c h a r g i n g t h e r e b y i n c r e a s i n g t h e a v a i l a b l e r u n - t i me f o r s u c h vehicles.

P o l i c y i n t e r v e n t i o n s a n d r e c e n t ma r k e t d e v e l o p me n t s I n d i a ’ s a mb i t i o u s E V t a r g e t a c t s as a beacon for guiding policy interventions and nudging industry players to scale up i n v e s t me n t i n d o me s t i c ma n u f a c t u r e o f e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e s , i n c l u d i n g b a t t e r y ma n u f a c t u r i n g . T h e Go v e r n me n t h a s s e t f o r t h p o l i c y i n i t i a t i v e s t o create a favourable ecosystem for electric v e h i c l e s . S o me o f t h e k e y p o l i c y i n i t i a t i v e s a n d r e c e n t ma r k e t d e v e l o p me n t i n t h e E V v a l u e c h a i n a r e b r i e f l y h i g h l i g h t e d b e l o w.

S UP P L Y S I DE Do me s t i c b a t t e r y ma n u f a c t u r i n g : NI TI Aa y o g h a s p r o p o s e d t o d e v e l o p 5 0 GWh o f d o me s t i c b a t t e r y ma n u f a c t u r i n g c a p a c i t y o v e r t e n y e a r s . Th e Go v t . o f Te l a n g a n a h a s e a r ma r k e d 2 0 0 a c r e s f o r e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e park including land for large scale battery ma n u f a c t u r i n g .

E V ma n u f a c t u r i n g : Au t o - OE Ms h a v e l a u n c h e d e l e c t r i c c a r s i n t h e I n d i a n ma r k e t .

Ma h i n d r a l a u n c h e d i t s e - Ve r i t o i n 2 0 1 6 a n d i n t h e p a s t 4 y e a r s , o t h e r a u t o - OE Ms i n c l u d i n g Ta t a Mo t o r s , Hy u n d a i h a v e a l s o l a u n c h e d e l e c t r i c c a r s . S u z u k i Mo t o r s h a s i n v e s t e d i n a b a t t e r y ma n u f a c t u r i n g p l a n t i n Gu j a r a t f o r p r o d u c t i o n o f E Vs .

E V c h a r g i n g i n f r a s t r u c t u r e : Ov e r 2 , 6 0 0 E V charging stations across 24 states have b e e n a p p r o v e d b y t h e De p a r t me n t o f He a v y I n d u s t r i e s u n d e r t h e F AME - I I s c h e me .

S e v e r a l p l a y e r s i n c l u d i n g u t i l i t i e s , P S Us , a u t o - OE Ms a r e wo r k i n g o n i n s t a l l i n g E V charging stations.

DE MAND S I DE 8 6 % o f t h e F AME - I I f u n d h a s b e e n a l l o c a t e d t o wa r d s d e ma n d c r e a t i o n f o r E Vs . Th e Go v t . has also reduced taxes, duties for purchase of electric vehicles. | JULY ISSUE 2020

Electric vehicles are gaining traction a mo n g c o mme r c i a l f l e e t o p e r a t o r s . Wi t h a young population and rising internet u s e r s , s e v e r a l s t a r t - u p s a r e wo r k i n g o n i mp l e me n t i n g i n n o v a t i v e b u s i n e s s mo d e l s wi t h t h e v i s i o n o f ‘ s h a r e d e l e c t r i c mo b i l i t y ’ .

S i x I n d i a n o r i g i n c o mp a n i e s ( BS E S Ra j d h a n i , BS E S Y a mu n a , Bo u n c e , S h u t t l , S t a t e Ba n k o f I n d i a a n d Wi p r o ) h a v e c o mmi t t e d t o t r a n s i t i o n i n g t h e i r f l e e t t o electric vehicles by 2030 and are part of t h e g l o b a l E V1 0 0 i n i t i a t i v e I n J a n u a r y 2 0 2 0 , t h e S t a t e Ba n k o f I n d i a , I n d i a ’ s l a r g e s t l e n d e r l a u n c h e d ‘ Gr e e n c a r l o a n ’ wi t h l o we r i n t e r e s t r a t e a n d l o n g e r tenure for electric vehicles.

Ba s e d o n r e c e n t ma r k e t d e v e l o p me n t s , i t c a n b e s e e n t h a t , I n d i a ’ s a mb i t i o u s t a r g e t c o u p l e d wi t h p o l i c y d i r e c t i v e s h a s s e t t h e b a l l r o l l i n g i n t h e r i g h t d i r e c t i o n . Ho we v e r , t h e p r e v a i l i n g u n c e r t a i n t y i n t h e e c o n o mi c e n v i r o n me n t t r i g g e d b y Co v i d - 1 9 p a n d e mi c wo u l d d e l a y I n d i a ’ s t r a n s i t i o n t o e l e c t r i c mo b i l i t y . We a k c o n s u me r s e n t i me n t , l a r g e l y i n d u c e d b y t h e p a n d e mi c , h a s l e d t o r e d u c e d s p e n d i n g a c r o s s a l l s e c t o r s , i n c l u d i n g a u t o mo b i l e s . On t h e o t h e r h a n d , t h e Go v e r n me n t o f I n d i a ’ s f o c u s o n b o o s t i n g d o me s t i c ma n u f a c t u r i n g ma y b e a s i l v e r l i n i n g f o r t h e e l e c t r i c v e h i c l e s e c t o r . Wi t h i n t e n s e f o c u s o n l o c a l E V ma n u f a c t u r i n g , t h e s u p p l y s i d e i n f r a s t r u c t u r e c o u l d b e s t r e n g t h e n e d t o me e t c o n s u me r d e ma n d a s c o n s u me r s e n t i me n t a n d t h e e c o n o my b o u n c e b a c k t o p r e - Co v i d l e v e l s .

P o s t t h i s p a n d e mi c , i n t h e me d i u m t e r m, consistent and sustained policy push t o g e t h e r wi t h s t r o n g c o l l a b o r a t i o n b e t we e n t h e Go v e r n me n t a n d i n d u s t r y , wo u l d j u mp s t a r t I n d i a ’ s t r a n s i t i o n t o e l e c t r i c mo b i l i t y .

Authors:

Anvesha Thakker Executive Director at KPMG India, Infrastructure Advisory-Strategy and Operations, Power and Utilities (New Energies)

Harsh Kanani Associate Director at KPMG India, Renewable Energy Expert, New Energy Innovations

PG 21

INSIGHTS

Dependable Computing IN THE CAR OF THE FUTURE

With electric mobility, automated driving and the connected car, data volumes as well as safety requirements in vehicles are increasing. At the same time, vehicle functions have to be very robust. Reason enough to rely on new architectures, says Infineon’s Peter Schäfer.

From Peter Schäfer, Vice President and General Manager Automotive Microcontrollers in the Automotive Division Domain and zone controllers will integrate logical software functions from today' s distributed systems. The development complexity is thus shifted from the vehicle network with many individual ECUs to the hardware/software architecture of central domain/zone ECUs. In addition to scalable computing power up to 15k DMIPS (Dhrystone Million Instructions Per Second), a flexible integration of functions from different ASIL (Automotive Safety Integrity Level) according to ISO26262 is required. System availability thus becomes a technical challenge. Gigabit Ethernet will allow large amounts of data to be exchanged between domain computers. For communication with sensors and actuators, classic network technologies such as CAN, Flexray and LIN will continue to be used. And finally, crypto-security will play a central role. Secure software updates for vehicles in the field, the detection of network manipulation and protection of private data require powerful security functions in all ECU classes.

| JULY ISSUE 2020

The protection of sensitive data requires powerful security functions in all ECU classes.

PG 22

RELIABLE, ROBUST COMPUTERS

All this places increased demands on the microcontrollers. Dependability, i.e. the robustness and scalability of a microcontroller family becomes an important criterion. Provable deterministic behavior for time-critical functions and fast recovery in case of failure are essential elements of a robust computer.

This is where multi-core microcontroller families with optimized architectures for real-time control show their strengths. Classic processors with complex memory management and multiple cache levels often do not allow, for example, to reliably predict the maximum execution times of functions.

Technical reliability is also an essential characteristic of robust computer families. With a stringent development process, extensive simulations of aging effects and special function blocks for testability, error rates in the ppb (parts per billion) range can be achieved in operational use. In addition, integrated flash and RAM memories with their safety mechanisms ensure robustness over the entire life cycle. This is where modern automotive microcontroller families clearly differ from microcontrollers derived from consumer devices or communication applications.

QUICKLY ADAPT TO FUTURE REQUIREMENTS

Scalability also plays a major role. How quickly can you react to changes in market requirements without having to develop from scratch? In complex multi-core systems, software architecture and functional safety concepts according to ISO26262 stand for high research and development efforts. Today, there is a demand for cost-effective single-core ASIL-D computers up to hexa-core computers with 16+ MB flash memory, large functionally safe RAM blocks and special application-specific accelerators.

Last but not least, a holistic safety and security architecture is required that addresses all functional elements such as computing cores, memory blocks, buses, communication interfaces, etc. Isolated "safety islands" on processors are not sufficient to exclude potentially safety-critical malfunctions. In ECU concepts for domain computers, a combination of processors and ASIL-D-capable microcontrollers, e.g. from Infineon' s AURIX TC3x family, is used to guarantee maximum functional safety. New vehicle E/E architectures support software updates for cars in the field. Protection against manipulated updates, but also securing the network traffic within the vehicle against attacks requires powerful hardware security modules.

Integrated in the microcontroller, these modules have their own computing cores and memory and allow cryptographic functions to be executed with minimal latency.

Dipl.-Ing. Peter Schäfer, Vice President and General Manager Automotive Microcontrollers, Infineon Technologies, heads the Automotive Microcontroller Business Unit at Infineon. He studied electrical engineering at the RWTH Aachen University and has spent the last 25 years at Siemens Semiconductors, Infineon Flash, Qimonda and Infineon Technologies in various management positions in Sales & Marketing, Development and Productline Management. Since 2008 he has been responsible for the Automotive Microcontroller business unit, which is very successful in the automotive market, particularly with products from the TriCore and Aurix microcontroller families.

Author: Peter Schäfer, Vice President and General Manager Automotive MicrocontrollersAutomotive Division Infineon

IN COMPLEX MULTI-CORE SYSTEMS, SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE AND FUNCTIONAL SAFETY CONCEPTSACCORDING TO ISO26262 STAND FOR HIGH RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS.

ISOLATED "SAFETY ISLANDS" ON PROCESSORS ARE NOT SUFFICIENT TO EXCLUDE POTENTIALLY SAFETYCRITICALMALFUNCTIONS.

| JULY ISSUE 2020

PG 22

INSIGHTS

RISE OF THE PHOENIX EV Battery for Electricity Storage

As the world continues to wage a war on Covid-19, the focus is slowly shifting to bringing back the economic activity on its feet. Restrictions on public transport coupled with the fear of transmission from its use is likely to propel use of private transport. This may result in automobile sales picking up in the medium to short run. Consistently high petroleum prices in India despite low price of crude oil in international market offers hope for electric vehicles (EV). Many analysts also believe that post Covid-19, the world may see more focus on ecologically sustainable technologies, which too may push EV sales with a little policy support and investment.

Shift to EV will also bring its own environmental and other challenges. It is worthwhile for the sector to address those challenges at the outset while the ecosystem is still evolving. Disposal of worn-out batteries is one such challenge which needs to be addressed. Improper disposal of batteries may result in an environmental catastrophe. Currently, disposal of worn-out batteries is regulated through E-Waste Management Rules, 2016, in India. However, a little more thought needs to go into managing batteries, particularly on its reuse and recycling.

| JULY ISSUE 2020

Shift to EV will also bring its own environmental and other challenges. It is worthwhile for the sector to address those challenges at the outset while the ecosystem is still evolving.

Recycling of Batteries Recycling of batteries for extracting minerals, such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, copper and manganese, may not only help in sustainable mining, but also ensure supply of these minerals over a long term. This may also require technological innovation to meet the varied challenges posed by the construct of various kinds of batteries. At the moment, recycling the batteries to extract minerals is economically unviable for it costs almost as much to recycle a battery as it costs to make a new one. This dynamics will need to change, or recycling will have to be incentivised to make it a viable commercial activity.

PG 24

Reuse of Batteries as Energy Storage Systems Worn out batteries often have some shelf life for its alternative use. The batteries used in EV are likely to retain 60%-80% of their storage capacity, even after they are not fit for use in the vehicle. This retained capacity can be used to give a second life to such batteries. Such batteries can be used for a wide range of secondary applications, like for storage by electricity utilities, in home-based inverters, for energy storage in smart, distributed grids and for renewable energy storage. One of the most common and recommended usage is by solar and wind power generation units, to store surplus generation during off-peak hours and for grid management during peak hour consumption. Such batteries may help Indian transition to renewable generation faster by making renewable generators compete more effectively with thermal power at marginal storage cost.

While the Indian framework for recycling spent batteries is still at its nascent stage, policy intervention by the Government of India for ‘end of life management’ of batteries will help both the industry stakeholders and the consumers.

Conclusion Global experience suggests that it is possible to extract optimum value from a battery by diversifying its usage across its life cycle. A more effective deployment of batteries will also help EV owners reduce the maintenance cost of EV, of which batteries form a substantial part. A more organised architecture and market for EV batteries, decoupled from the EVs may also help reduce the EV cost for the consumer. Multiple usage of batteries may help achieve that faster, however, the policy makers will need to ensure that battery technology across various sectors is synchronised in a way that enables battery usage across many verticals.

In India, companies like Tata have already shown the way by announcing commercial mining of raw materials from spent lithium batteries. While the Indian framework for recycling spent batteries is still at its nascent stage, policy intervention by the Government of India for ‘end of life management’ of batteries will help both the industry stakeholders and the consumers.

Authors:

Ms. Anura Gupta, Principal Associate, Sarthak Advocates & Solicitors | JULY ISSUE 2020

Mr. Abhishek Tripathi - Founder & Partner,Sarthak Advocates & Solicitors PG 25

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