E-Mobility+ Dec-Jan Issue 2022

D E C - J A N

POWERING

SMART,

ELECTRIC,

EFFICIENT

MOBILITY

TRENDING Current EV Manufacturing Infrastructure In India:

Evolution, Challenges & Solutions MAJOR DESIGN TRENDS MAKING THEIR WAY IN THE EV INDUSTRY IN 2022?

KNOW MORE INSIDE

TALKS Managed Charging for Electric Vehicles in India - A Vastly Untapped Opportunity

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EMOBILITY+ EMOBILITY+ | JUNE-JULY ISSUE 2021

DEC-JAN ISSUE 2022 | PGPG 0316

CONTENT INDIA NEWS

POLICY DEBEIEF

06

10

IN CONVERSATION

14

16 VIVEKANANDA HALLEKERE CEO & Co-Founder, Bounce

MR. VIKRAM GULATI Executive Vice President, Toyota Kirloskar Motor

18

20 SACHIN AGRAWAL Senior Vice President - Product Development and Technology, VE Commercial Vehicles

DR. YOGESH BHATIA MD and CEO, LML Electric

INSIGHTS

21

22 CURRENT EV MANUFACTURING INFRASTRUCTURE IN INDIA: EVOLUTION, CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS

WHAT ARE THE MAJOR DESIGN TRENDS MAKING THEIR WAY IN THE EV INDUSTRY IN 2022?

PERSPECTIVE

24

26 MANAGED CHARGING FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN INDIA A VASTLY UNTAPPED OPPORTUNITY

WHAT KEY ATTRIBUTES NEED TO BE CONSIDERED WHILE DESIGNING EVS AND THEIR COMPONENTS?

OPINION

THE CHAMPIONS CORNER

GRAND

29

MASTERS

INDIA AWARDS 2022

30 HOW IS THE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY EVOLVING TO COPE WITH RAPID EV TRANSITION AND INCREASING DEMAND?

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DEC-JAN ISSUE 2022 | PG 05

INDIANEWS PARTNERSHIPS HERO ELECTRIC COLLABORATES WITH BATTWHEELZ MOBILITY

ZYPP ELECTRIC PARTNERS WITH FLO MOBILITY TO EQUIP AUTONOMOUS EV SOLUTIONS

Hero Electric has partnered with BattWheelz Mobility for electric mobility and will deliver 4000 vehicles by the FY 2022-23. BattWheelz Mobility is a Gurugram-based startup it offers last-mile delivery mobility solutions to E-Commerce and Hyper-Local Grocery Companies.

Sohinder Gill, CEO, Hero Electric said, “Our constant endeavor is to fasten the electric mobility transition in India and thrusting the same through our B2B partnerships with complete EV solutions across India.

This partnership highlights our shared vision of offering eco-friendly mobility solutions and the direct advantage of adopting electric mobility in terms of savings and contribution to safeguarding the environment. Hero’s two-wheelers are flexible, modular, and versatile, offering longer mileage, smoother rides, and a lower cost of ownership thus catering to consumer needs of last-mile delivery of essentials offered by BattWheelz Mobility.” Both the companies with this partnership will facilitate electric mobility solutions with its twowheelers segment providing low running cost, intercity range, high load-carrying capability, and other features for the customers.

Zypp Electric, a start-up for hyperlocal and EV-based last-mile delivery, has teamed with Flo Mobility to extend its reach in the autonomous electric vehicle industry, with the cooperation focusing on deliveries in the Delhi-NCR region. FloMobility, a start-up that develops vision-based autonomous driving solutions for a variety of automobiles, has been accepted as part of an EVolve Innovation Program with Enterprise Catalysts, an early-stage incubator. Zypp believes autonomy is the way of the future, thus, intends to provide autonomous navigation solutions for the mobility sector. Backing this vision will provide logistics in India a competitive advantage, and this relationship will help take last-mile deliveries to the next level, said Zypp.

EVRE WITH ZYNGO TO INSTALL 5000 EV CHARGING STATIONS EVRE has partnered with Zyngo for installing 5000 EV charging stations in India in the next 24 months. EVRE will install these charging stations and Zyngo and other EV owners can utilize these. Zyngo will extend its last mile with these chargers through geographical expansion. All the chargers will be integrated through the EVRE application across the country. EVRE will manufacture, execute, design, and maintain the EV charging infrastructure. In the first phase, EVRE will provide support to Zyngo with 500 EV charging stations for its 500 EVs. And after that Zyngo will expand to other cities and EVRE will support Zyngo for its existing and upcoming charging infrastructure.

MG MOTOR INDIA PARTNERS WITH ATTERO FOR EV BATTERY RECYCLING MG Motor India, in partnership with Attero, is on a mission to create a circular and sustainable EV economy in India. In doing so, they have successfully recycled MG’s first EV battery and the metal extracts and various other commodities from the recycling process can be used to develop new batteries. With this significant achievement, MG Motor India has further augmented its initiatives to strengthen the EV ecosystem, essentially making it greener and sustainable. The move is also in synergy with MG’s #ChangeWhatYouCan campaign, encouraging people to make a difference in their own lives and the world around them. Attero Recycling Pvt Ltd is an environmentally conscious end-to-end E-Waste management solution provider in India and is one of the few such recyclers globally.

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FORTUM CHARGE & DRIVE AND PLUG MOBILITY FROM CARZONRENT JOIN HANDS TO SET UP CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE FOR 4WS ACROSS INDIA Plug Mobility fromCarzonrent India Private Limited, India’s first Electric Vehicle Mobility as a Service brand, has partnered with Fortum Charge & Drive India Pvt. Ltd. (Fortum C&D), a leading Nordic Electric Vehicle (EV) charging service provider, to provide charging infrastructure for Carzonrent fleet of 19000 cars to be inducted over the next 5 years across India. Fortum C&D will set up 3200 charging points for Plug Mobility during this period to support the energy requirement of the fleet. As part of the agreement, a total of 3200 DC001 and CCS Charging Point chargers will be deployed in 79 cities and towns across India. The charging infrastructure will be used for Carzonrent’s recently launched EV fleet brand “Plug” and it will also be available for the general public to charge their Electric cars. Fortum C&D will set up and operate the charging points at its own cost and will install the charging stations gradually. The capacity of the deployed chargers will be over 100,000 KW.

MAHINDRA & HERO ELECTRIC ENTER INTO STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP FOR ELECTRIC TWO-WHEELERS Hero Electric and Mahindra Group today announced a strategic pact in the electric vehicle space. As a part of the partnership, Mahindra Group will manufacture Hero Electric’s most popular electric bikes – Optima & NYX – at their Pithampur plant, in Madhya Pradesh to meet the growing demands of the market. With this collaboration, along with the expansion of its existing Ludhiana facility, Hero will be able to meet its demand of manufacturing over 1 million EVs per year by 2022. As part of this joint venture, the two companies will also jointly produce and develop a supply chain and share platform for electric two-wheelers.

The joint venture will also work towards the electrification of Mahindraowned Peugeot Motocycles’ portfolio. The strategic partnership between Hero Electric and Mahindra Group is worth around Rs 150 crore and will continue for the next five years.

DEC-JAN ISSUE 2022 | PG 06

INDIA NEWS |

INSIGHTS

BUZZ OLA ELECTRIC TO ADD 4000 EV CHARGING POINTS TO ITS HYPERCHARGER NETWORK Ola Electric plans to construct over 4,000 charging hubs for its electric scooters throughout cities next year, as part of its ambitious charging infrastructure initiative. Bhavish Aggarwal, Founder, and CEO of Ola said in a tweet that the rollout of Hyperchargers has commenced across cities. Ola revealed the ‘Hypercharger Network’ in April, a charging network for its planned two-wheelers, beginning with the Ola Scooter, which would be available in India in the coming months.

According to him, over 4000 points will be added throughout the country before the end of the year at critical BPCL pumps and residential complexes, and he expects them to be functional in 6-8 weeks.

ELECTRIC SCOOTER MAKE UP 7% SALE IN NOVEMBER Electric scooters have seen a rise in their demand. The sales of escooters were between 6-7% in the month of November. Many internal combustion engine (ICE) automakers are also looking to shift to electrics. According to Rohan Kanwar Gupta, electric two-wheelers will have an 8-10% share by 2025 with 1.5-1.8 million units. “A higher percentage of the electric two-wheelers will be scooters — already 67% of scooter sales in November were electric,” he said. Ampere’s flagship model Magnus has a 4-week waitlist. “December is turning out to be better than October due to strong demand on the two-wheeler side,” said Nagesh Basavanhalli, group CEO & MD, Greaves Cotton.

Greaves Electric Mobility reported an increase in sales to over 7500 units in October.

BEST TO CONVERT 200 DIESEL BUSES TO E-BUSES BY YEAR-END The Brihanmumbai Electricity Supply and Transport (BEST) will convert 200 diesel buses to green electric buses and it plans to have 100% electric buses by the end of 2022. A few months back, BEST said that it will retrofit its diesel buses with CNG kits and now it has decided to convert the diesel buses. This will speed up the electrification process of the entire fleet. The target is to have around 50% electric buses by 2023 and 100% electric buses by 2027 in Mumbai.

REPORT: EV CHARGING STATIONS WITH ROOFTOP SOLAR FACILITY MORE FEASIBLE A recent analysis of the Centre for Study of Science, Technology, and Policy (CSTEP) shows that electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) with solar rooftop photovoltaic (SRTPV) facilities are economically more feasible than those with the grid. The report seeks to showcase the notion of employing a sustainable source of energy, such as solar, for the charging of Electric Vehicles (EVs). Among the possibilities analyzed, an EVCS linked to RTPV via net-metering represents the best-case scenario with the lowest LCOC (Levelized cost of charging), according to the CSTEP’s study. CSTEP’s system design for the pilot project, which includes a power conversion unit (PCU), SRTPV panels, EV charger, and a lithium-ion battery bank, at the Bangalore Electricity Supply Company (BESCOM) Corporate Office premises made the basis for the report. According to the study, a smart computer unit in the PCU that communicates with SRTPV and battery systems directs the energy flow across EV chargers to maximize the produced solar energy for self-consumption.

IIT DEVELOP NEW TECH FOR CHARGING ELECTRIC VEHICLES WHICH COSTS HALF THE CURRENT ONE Researchers from various IITs have developed a new technology for charging Electric Vehicles which costs about half of the current onboard charger technology and can help to significantly reduce the cost of two-and-four-wheeler EVs. According to the team, the lab-scale development has already been done at IIT (BHU) and up-gradation and commercialization were in progress.

One of the country’s leading electric vehicle manufacturers has also shown interest in this new technology and is ready to develop a fullfledged commercial product that can be applied to existing electric vehicles, the team claimed without naming the company. The technology has been developed at IIT (BHU), Varanasi, in collaboration with experts from IIT Guwahati and IIT Bhubaneshwar.

CHARGE+ZONE TO SET UP 10,000 EV CHARGING STATIONS iCreate and CHARGE+ZONE (supported by iCreate) with the government of Gujarat have partnered to establish 10,000 charging stations based on application in Gujarat on state and national highways. Later this will expand to 50,000 plus charging stations across the country. The total amount invested is $300 million to set up the EV charging network. iCreate is the Gujarat government-backed startup incubator. CHARGE+ZONE is a technology-driven EV Charging Networks company. The MoU was signed at the Vibrant Gujarat Global Summit 2022 to boost the EV charging infrastructure in India. It is planned to electrify 10,000 km of state and national highways in the coming 3-5 years.

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| INDIA NEWS

NMC MANDATES EV CHARGING STATIONS FOR BUILDINGS WITH 25 PLUS FLATS The Nashik Municipal Corporation (NMC) has now ordered all the new residential buildings which have at least 25 flats to set up EV charging stations. For additional 25 flats, there must be two EV charging stations which mean if a building has 50 flats or more, it must have two EV charging stations. Kailas Jadhav, the NMC commissioner has already given an order to the town planning department to only approve building plan proposals that have provisions for charging stations with immediate effect. The existing buildings which need to take building completion certificate (BCC) from the municipal corporation, will need to set up charging stations too. This step has been taken to promote the use of electric vehicles in the city.

ALTIGREEN BAGS AN ORDER OF 1500+ EVS FROM MOEVING Altigreen has bagged an order from MoEVing of 1500 plus electric vehicles worth Rs 75 crore. Altigreen is ramping up its production capabilities and it will deliver EVs in 2022. Altigreen is a Bengalurubased startup and MoEVing is the country’s leading electric mobility technology platform. Both the companies are working on shifting towards electric vehicles. Dr. Amitabh Saran, CEO, Altigreen said, “2021 has been a defining year for the commercial EV segment. The rising awareness, consumer consciousness, and policy support are creating a conducive ecosystem to ramp up efforts for large-scale EV adoption in the country. We want to thank MoEVing for their continued support and trust in us. This bond has also been strengthened by our collective commitments towards clean transportation.”

ELECTRIC VEHICLES GROW BY 153% IN MAHARASHTRA, 112% IN MUMBAI ALONE Electric vehicles (EV) are experiencing a surge in demand in Mumbai and Maharashtra. The state experienced a 153% increase in new evehicle registrations in the first nine months of the fiscal year 20212022, while the city saw a 112% elevation in the same time, according to the most recent transportation statistics. From April 1 to December 27 in FY2021-22, the number of registered e-vehicles grew from 9,415 in 2020-21 to 23,786 in just nine months. Furthermore, authorities reported 57,386 total e-vehicles registered in Maharashtra so far; it may surpass a lakh in a few months. From 48 new e-vehicles registered in 2017-18 in Mumbai, the number increased to 132 in 2018-19, 642 in 2019-20, and 1,442 in 2020-21. Registrations of new e-cars/e-twowheelers more than doubled in the city in the nine months of 2021-22, totaling 3,059, taking the total EV count to 6,000. Tardeo has the highest number of EV registrations, 1,920 e-cars/scooters, on the island city.

2% EXEMPTION IN PROPERTY TAX FOR INSTALLING EV CHARGING STATIONS The Kolhapur Municipal Corporation has become Maharashtra’s first local body to grant property tax benefits to housing societies and individuals who install charging stations for electric vehicles. This action is being conducted in accordance with the recently announced Maharashtra government’s Electric Vehicles (EV) Policy 2021 with the primary goal of accelerating battery EV penetration in the state so that they contribute 10% of new vehicle registrations by 2025. Homeowners will receive a 2% property tax reduction if they put up charging stations for their own EVs and make the infrastructure available to other electric vehicle owners, according to the decree. The housing societies will receive an exemption of 3% if the charging station is installed without taking up any parking space. The housing societies can also use the charging stations for economic uses, in addition to residents. If the charging station is only for inhabitants of the housing society and not for commercial use, the property tax for the space used will be levied at domestic rates rather than commercial rates.

KTCL TO INSTALL 5 EV CHARGING STATIONS IN GOA Kadamba transport corporation limited (KTCL) is likely to install 5 more electric vehicle charging stations in the next month in Goa. Currently, Panaji, Pernem, Vasco, Ponda, Valpoi, and Margao has electric vehicle charging stations. KTCL operates 35 electric vehicles in the state.

These EVs are part of 50 vehicles granted under the FAME India scheme, Phase II. Rest 15 vehicles will be delivered by the same company which is based out of Hyderabad that delivered the previous 35 EVs. Another 100 electric buses have been awarded to the company and it will supply the vehicles in phases. In June, the company will supply 25 buses and in September another 25, and rest in December.

By the end of next year, there will be a large fleet of EVs.

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DEC-JAN ISSUE 2022 | PG 08

INDIA NEWS |

FUNDING

NEW LAUNCHES

MOEVING RAISES USD 5 MILLION IN SEED CAPITAL FROM MARQUEE ANGELS TO FUEL GROWTH

DALMIA CEMENT BHARAT LAUNCHES INDIA’S FIRST ETRUCK

MoEVing, India’s leading e-mobility technology platform, announced its total seed funding of USD 5 million, including USD 1 million raised earlier this year, from accomplished entrepreneurs, private equity and investment banking professionals and automotive industry experts.

Commenting on the fundraise, Mr D.S. Brar, Promoter-Chairman, Aragen Life Sciences, said “Electrification of mobility is a significant change and MoEVing’s technology-led ecosystem approach will accelerate the EV adoption in commercial mobility.” Founded in January 2021, the platform, on the demand side, provides solutions to top e-commerce, e-grocery, FMCG, logistics and D2C companies to optimize their logistics costs and meet their goals of reducing carbon emissions. At the same time, on the supply side, MoEVing works with OEMs, driver cum owners and financial institutions to help address various constraints that are coming in the way of EV adoption. The company currently operates 600 EVs in 10 cities and aims to scale to 10,000 EVs, 100 Charging Hubs in 30 cities by 2023.

Dalmia Cement (Bharat) Limited (DCBL), is spearheading the industry’s transition towards a circular economy with the launch of its e-Truck initiative in India. With the introduction of the company’s new EV truck fleet, the Co2 emissions pertaining to the diesel trucks will be reduced significantly. As part of the initiative’s first phase, two of the proposed 22 High Capacity Electric trucks have been put on the track and the balance of 20 will be put to use before the end of FY’22. Supporting the government’s mission of Atmanirbhar Bharat, IPL Tech, India’s first manufacturer of high capacity trucks has been commissioned by DCBL to provide the first of its kind EVs. The company will be plying the trucks to transport slag, a major raw material for cement manufacturing, from the facility of Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) at Rourkela to its cement manufacturing unit in Rajgangpur. Additionally, the company has commissioned 2 charging stations at its Rajgangpur Unit and three more charging stations to be installed by March’22.

E-ASHWA LAUNCHES 12 MODELS OF ELECTRIC TWOWHEELERS e-Ashwa Automotive launches 12 models of electric scooters and electric motorcycles operated with lithium-ion batteries under its own brand. Customers can buy the scooters across retail networks and franchises of e-Ashwa across India. The newly launched electric twowheelers can run 25 km/hour, the mileage is 70-100 km. The twowheelers can charge 100% within 3-4 hours with a lithium battery and it takes 6-8 hours for the lead battery to charge. The company sells around 6000 electric vehicles in different categories comprising erickshaws, e-scooters, e-motorbikes, e-loaders, e-auto, e-garbage vehicles, and e-food carts. The demand for electric vehicles is rising in markets and favorable policies by central and state governments have made it possible to launch self-manufactured vehicles.

FLO MOBILITY RAISES FUNDS WORTH $400,000 Flo Mobility raises $400,000 from Venture Garage, Blume Founders Fund, DevX Venture Fund, and other marquee angels. Flo Mobility was founded in 2019 by Mohan Kumar and Manesh Jain which targets building compute lite, and affordable into vehicles and equipment.

The company has electric scooters, Agri-weeders, golf carts, surveillance bots, lawnmowers, delivery bots, etc. Manesh Jain, Founder, Flo Mobility, said, “The funding from DVF and others comes at an exciting time as we seek to expand nationally and to the US, Middle East, Europe, and East Asia. As we recruit aggressively across our technology, product, and engineering teams, we will be further deepening our research on vision-based perception, low latency remote operations, and proprietary Flo operating system. Autonomous tech is finding its way around multiple applications and I believe our platform-centric approach and subscription-based pricing will pave the way to build a multi-billion-dollar business.”

ULTRAVIOLETTE AUTOMOTIVE RAISES FUNDS THROUGH SERIES C FUNDING Ultraviolette Automotive raises funding from TVS Motor Company in a Series C funding round. Ultraviolette Automotive is a Bengaluru-based EV startup located in Electronic city. The funding will assist the company in developing good quality mobility solutions for the country and for the world. The company will use the funds for manufacturing and launching F77, its electric motorcycle. Around 50000 bookings have already been made for the e-motorcycle and test rides will begin in the first half of 2022 along with deliveries. Sudarshan Venu, Joint Managing Director of TVS Motor Company, said, “We have always believed that EV development has to be ground-up for us to make that quantum leap into the global EV revolution. Ultraviolette brings these values to life in a unique way in the F77.”

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MAHINDRA LAUNCHES MAHINDRA TREO IN MAHARASHTRA Mahindra Electric Mobility Ltd, part of the Mahindra Group, announced the launch of its electric three-wheeler Mahindra Treo in Maharashtra at Rs 2.09 Lakh (ex-showroom, Mumbai) post-FAME-II, state, and earlybird subsidies. The Mahindra Treo has a market share of 67%. The company offers best-in-industry performance, with the highest power of 8 kW and best-in-industry slope climbing ability of 12.7 degrees.

Mahindra Electric Mobility has sold more than 13,000 electric threewheelers since its launch. The Mahindra Treo is powered by an advanced lithium-ion battery pack that is IP65-rated and ensures the highest dust and water protection. A useable driving range of 130 km/charge ensures additional trips in a day.

BOUNCE E-SCOOTER LAUNCH: STARTS AT RS. 45,099 WITH BATTERY SWAPPING FACILITY The electric scooter rental startup, Bounce, launches its first electricpowered scooter, designated as Infinity E1, with a battery swapping facility. The scooter will be available for INR 45,099 (Delhi ExShowroom) with a monthly membership of Rs 849 to Battery-as-aService and exchange costs of Rs 35 for each swap. Customers may also buy the scooter with the battery and charger for Rs. 68,999 (Delhi Ex-showroom). The price can be as low as Rs. 59,999 (Gujarat Exshowroom) depending on the state subsidies. Customers may purchase the Bounce Infinity E1 without the battery, at a more affordable price range, and use Bounce’s battery swapping network instead. They will be able to switch the batteries from a local exchange station after it is discharged.

DEC-JAN ISSUE 2022 | PG 09

POLICY DEBRIEF CENTRAL NITIN GADKARI ASKS AUTOMAKERS TO MANUFACTURE FLEX FUEL VEHICLES IN SIX MONTHS Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways Shri Nitin Gadkari has said in order to substitute India’s import of petroleum as a fuel and to provide direct benefits to farmers, the Automobile Manufacturers in India have now been advised to start manufacturing Flex Fuel Vehicles (FFV) and Flex Fuel Strong Hybrid Electric Vehicles (FFV-SHEV) complying with BS-6 Norms in a time-bound manner within a period of six months. He said that in line with Prime Minister’s vision of Aatmanirbhar Bharat and the government’s policy on promoting ethanol as a transport fuel, Flex Fuel Vehicles are capable to run on a combination of 100% Petrol or 100% bio-ethanol and their blends, along with strong Hybrid Electric technology in case of FFV-SHEVs. Shri Gadkari said this move will drastically reduce Greenhouse Gas emissions from vehicles on a Well-to-Wheel basis, helping India to comply with its commitment made at COP26 to reduce the total projected carbon emissions by One Billion Tonnes by 2030.

CONDUCT R&D FOR USING MANGANESE IN EV BATTERIES – PARLIAMENT COMMITTEE A committee of Parliament for the Ministry of Steel suggested conducting research and development on manganese for electric vehicles batteries. India is shifting its dependency from petrol and diesel to electric vehicles by 2030. The meeting was held in the presence of Steel Minister RCP Singh. The committee discussed the issue of “Development of manganese ore industry in India”. The Ministry said, “Members of the (consultative) committee suggested for exploration and survey of minerals in Jharkhand, Odisha, and Karnataka and that a Research & Development team be constituted to work out the possibility of usage of manganese in E-vehicles batteries.”

“Singh directed public sector undertakings under the Steel Ministry to take up the issue of manganese ore exploration with state Governments and to explore possibilities of new manganese bearing areas in India to boost the domestic production of manganese ore as per National Steel Policy, 2017 which will help in achieving the objective of “Atma Nirbhar Bharat”,” the statement added

E-SAWAARI– INDIA’S FIRST ELECTRIC BUS COALITION LAUNCHED SALE OF EVS RISE AFTER REMODELLING FAME II SCHEME – MOHI The sale of e-two-wheelers has grown from 700 per week to 5000 per week according to the heavy industries Ministry. This is after the remodeling of the FAME India II scheme by the Ministry in June this year. FAME II scheme was launched with Rs 10000 crore for the incentivization of electric vehicles (EVs) with subsidies and developing EV charging infrastructure. The remodeled scheme targets the faster adoption of EVs by lowering the costs. As of now, under the FAME II scheme, a total of 1.85 lakh electric vehicles has been incentivized.

The Ministry said, “After the remodeling of FAME II in June 2021 sale of electric two-wheelers has increased to over 5,000 per week from 700 per week before remodeling.” In 2021, 1.4 lakh EVs including 1.19 lakh e-two wheelers, 20.42 thousand e-three-wheelers, and 580 e-fourwheelers were incentivized till 16 December 2021 worth Rs 500 crore under FAME II.

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NITI Aayog launched the e-Sawaari India Electric Bus Coalition, in partnership with Convergence Energy Service Limited (CESL) and World Resources Institute, India (WRI India), and supported by Transformative Urban Mobility Initiative (TUMI). Through the e-Sawaari India Electric Bus Coalition, the central, state, and city-level government agencies, transit service providers, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), financing institutions, and ancillary service providers will be able to share knowledge and their learnings on e-bus adoption in India.

UNION MINISTRY OF POWER ISSUES NEW GUIDELINES & STANDARDS FOR CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE FOR EV Recently, the Union Ministry of Power has promulgated the revised consolidated Guidelines & Standards for Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles (EV). These guidelines include provisions for individual owners of Electric Vehicles and for Public Charging Stations (PCS). Now owners may charge their Electric Vehicles at their residences or offices using their existing electricity connections.

Infrastructure requirements for Public Charging Infrastructure as well as for Public Charging Infrastructure for long-range EVs and/or heavy-duty EVs have been outlined in the revised guidelines. The guidelines differentiate Domestic charging, Public Charging, and Captive Charging and their charging protocols. Any entity or individual can set up public charging stations as long as it meets all the safety and technical protocols laid down by the Ministry of Power, Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), and Central Electricity Authority (CEA), without any license.

DEC-JAN ISSUE 2022 | PG 10

POLICY DEBRIEF |

STATE MAHARASHTRA GOVT URGES HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY TO SUPPORT EV POLICY

TELANGANA TO PERMIT PRIVATE EV CHARGING STATIONS Telangana government is planning to permit private recharge stations to set up electric vehicle charging stations on build operate and transfer (BOT) mode in the state. Telangana is seeing a growing demand for electric vehicles and hence setting up more charging stations is important. The government will set up one charging station for every 5 km across the city and one station for every 27 km on national highways. The government will ask private entrepreneurs and landowners to set up charging stations with the help of the state government on a revenue-sharing basis. TSREDCO vice-chairman and managing director N Janaiah said, “Guidelines are being prepared for setting up 600 charging stations in the state in addition to 138 stations by the Telangana State Renewable Energy Development Corporation (TSERDCO). Tenders will be floated soon.”

MAHARASHTRA SIGNS MOU WITH MAHINDRA CERO FOR MULTIPLE VEHICLE-SCRAPPING UNITS The government of Maharashtra, through the Industries, Energy, and Labour Department, has signed an MoU with Cero (Mahindra MSTC Recycling Pvt. Ltd.), India’s first government-authorized vehicle recycler, to set up additional world-class vehicle scrapping centers in Maharashtra. The proposed scrappage centers will have the capacity of recycling end-of-life two/ three-wheelers, passenger/commercial vehicles in accordance with all the legal and environmental norms prescribed by CPCB and guidelines provided by MoRTH. The MoU was signed in the presence of the Honourable Minister for Road, Transport and Highways (MoRTH) Shri Nitin Gadkari, who has been the driving force behind the announcement of a much-awaited ‘vehicle scrappage policy’ in India. Currently, in Maharashtra, Cero already has a state-of-the-art recycling facility at Pune and is looking to set up four additional facilities in the cities of Mumbai, Nagpur, Aurangabad, and Nashik.

DELHI GOVERNMENT ASKS E-COMMERCE, CAB AGGREGATORS TO SWITCH TO EVS The Delhi government asks e-commerce companies, food delivery services, and cab aggregators to transition to electric vehicles in order to reduce the emissions released from the vehicles. All these services account for 30% of the vehicles registered in the city of Delhi.

38% of the emissions come from vehicles which constitute air pollution. The Delhi government also plans to order petrol pumps to not provide fuel to vehicles that do not have a valid PUC certificate.

The transport department will draft guidelines for all these in a phased manner. The EV sales target of the city is to reach 25% by 2024. Delhi government will deregister all these vehicles in compliance with the direction of the National Green Tribunal (NGT) on 1st January 2022.

The government will also issue no-objection certificates (NOC) for these vehicles to get re-registered in other parts of the country.

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Maharashtra government urges the hospitality industry to come and support the EV policy of the government for better implementation of it.

A few months back the government launched its EV policy which targets to convert 15% of its fleet into zero-emission vehicles by the year 2025. Maharashtra tourism and environment minister, Aaditya Uddhav Thackeray, said “The state’s comprehensive EV Policy has been developed to fortify Maharashtra’s position as a leading destination for electric vehicle manufacturing and utilization. With standard operating procedures (SOPs), infrastructure mandates, and incentivization, we look forward to the widespread acceptance of EV’s in the state,” Thackeray further said. Without the help of the private sector, proper implementation of the policy is difficult. The hotel group has recently committed to shifting to a 100% electric vehicle fleet. The hotel group will also set up EV charging infrastructures across its hotels and other commercial office spaces.

JHARKHAND FIRES CLEAN MOBILITY, WILL INTRODUCE EV POLICY BY 2026 Jharkhand, in an effort to phase out the use of traditional fuel vehicles for sustainable mobility and reduce emissions, is developing a policy that would incentivize the purchase of Electric Vehicles (EVs), with a goal of achieving a 10% share of registration by 2026. The transportation department aims for the registration of roughly 50,000 EV/compressed natural gas (CNG) or battery-powered vehicles, out of 5 lakh vehicles registered every year in the state. “By March 2024, we will have completed the installation of charging and refueling stations along designated routes, and by March 2026, 10% of total registered vehicles will be EV/CNG-based,” an official stated.

TATA MOTORS WITH MAHARASHTRA GOVERNMENT TO SET UP VEHICLE SCRAPPING FACILITY Tata Motors, India’s largest commercial vehicle manufacturer, today signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Government of Maharashtra, through the Industries, Energy and Labour Department, Government of Maharashtra, with an intent to support setting up a Registered Vehicle Scrapping Facility (RVSF) in Maharashtra. The MoU was signed at the Conference on Investment Opportunities in Highway, Transport and Logistics in Mumbai, Maharashtra, in presence of the Hon’ble Minister of Road Transport and Highways, Government of India, Mr. Nitin Gadkari, and other delegates.

The proposed scrappage center will have the capacity of recycling up to 35,000 vehicles a year for end-of-life passengers and commercial vehicles. Tata Motors will set up the scrapping center in association with a partner. Tata Motors had earlier signed an MoU with the Government of Gujarat for setting up a Registered Vehicle Scrapping Facility (RVSF) in Ahmedabad and will continue to work with other Government bodies to more initiatives to support the vehicle scrappage policy.

DEC-JAN ISSUE 2022 | PG 11

| POLICY DEBRIEF

SC ALLOWS DELHI GOVERNMENT TO ISSUE PERMITS TO 4261 E-AUTOS

TELANGANA TO EXEMPT FIRST TWO LAKH EVS FROM REGISTRATION FEE AND ROAD TAX

The Supreme Court has now allowed the Delhi government to issue permits to 4261 electric autos. SC also dismissed the petition of Bajaj Auto of discriminating against CNG-operated autos. CNG auto also causes pollution with a carbon footprint. The decision was taken by Justices B R Gavai, B V Nagarathna, and L Nageswara Rao who added that this decision is to promote cleaner fuel and permit the registration of e-autos which doesn’t violate any rights. According to Bajaj Auto, all of their autos are BS-VI compliant vehicles that have improved the emission level up to 90% when compared with BS-I vehicles, and the Delhi government should not adopt any discriminatory policy. But the decision was taken by the Delhi government to encourage the use of EVs under its EV Policy 2020.

Transport Minister of Telangana Puvvada Ajay Kumar said that the first 500 electric buses, 5000 electric cars, 10000 light good vehicles, 20000 autos, and two lakh electric two-wheelers will be exempted from the registration fee and road tax. There has been increased use of electric vehicles in Hyderabad as many people are now considering eco-friendly vehicles to bring down carbon emissions. In 2016, there were only 25 electric vehicles, now the number has gone over 10000.

“Telangana government offers 100% exemption of road tax and registration fee for first two lakh electric two-wheelers purchased and registered within the state,” the minister said. Telangana is also developing new policies that include incentives for manufacturing and using electric vehicles with the latest policies.

GOA LAUNCHES ‘GOA ELECTRIC MOBILITY PROMOTION POLICY 2021’ Goa government launches ‘Goa Electric Mobility Promotion Policy 2021’ to boost the adoption of electric vehicles to 30% by 2025. This is a 5 years electric mobility policy that will create 10000 job opportunities in the state. All the diesel marine vehicles will also be upgraded to solar and electric vehicles. Within the 3 km radius in the city, an electric vehicle charging station would be installed and on the highway, this would be 25 km range under the policy. The policy also includes subsidies of around 20-50% for installing e-charging stations, 20% rebates would be given for mega projects, 30% for small projects, and 50% rebates for startups. The Goa Electrical Mobility Promotion Coverage (GEMPP) will assist the state in becoming an electric vehicle hub and a prototype model for the same will be set up.

GUJARAT GOVERNMENT SIGNS MOUS WORTH RS 14165 CRORES AT VIBRANT GUJARAT SUMMIT In the presence of the Chief Minister of Gujarat, Bhupinder Patel, 12 MoUs worth Rs 14165 crores were signed with various companies at the Vibrant Gujarat Summit. This includes MoU signed with the energy storage and electric mobility startup, Matter which plans to invest Rs 1500 crores in the coming 5 years in Gujarat. A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed with the government of Gujarat to invest Rs 300 crores in energy storage and Rs 1200 crores in electric mobility. The investment will also deploy 4000 job opportunities in the state. Matter indigenously develops smart transformative and integrated technologies for enterprise clients and consumers. Matter manufactures home inverters, solar home lighting systems, battery packs, and UPS systems.

HIMACHAL PRADESH CABINET APPROVES DRAFT EV POLICY The Himachal Pradesh cabinet approves the draft electric vehicle policy. The EV policy aims to encourage the use of sustainable transportation which will make the state a hub for electric mobility. It will also promote the manufacturing of electric vehicles, develop charging infrastructure, providing subsidies and other incentives for manufacturing units. In the presence of the Chief Minister of Himachal Pradesh, Jai Ram Thakur the meeting was organized. Initially, EV Policy was proposed by Anupam Kashyap, the transport minister. Eco-friendly, inclusive, safe, and integrated mobility solutions will be promoted for EV adoption. By 2025, at least 15% of new vehicle registrations will be battery electric vehicles (BEVS).

DELHI GOVT WITH CESL TO PROVIDE 5% INTEREST SUBVENTION ON LOAN FOR EVS The Delhi government signs an agreement with CESL to give a 5% interest subvention on loan for buying electric rickshaws, carts, light goods vehicles, and autos. This scheme is in addition to the scrapping provocation of around Rs 7500 and buying incentives of Rs 30,000 given under the Delhi electric vehicle Policy. An electric LCV or auto can avail around Rs 25,000 additional benefit. Since the EV Policy was announced in 2020, 31,000 electric vehicles have been sold. As of now, owning an electric vehicle is a costly affair where the interest rate is between 25-30% for some vehicles. CESL and the Delhi government will also launch an online portal for the purchasers to decide between various models of electric three-wheelers. CESL will empanel microfinancing institutions, non-banking financial institutions, and scheduled banks to provide loans for electric vehicles at an attractive rate.

CHANDIGARH TO IMPLEMENT ITS FIRST EV POLICY ON 1ST APRIL 2022

MOHI LAUNCHES ‘GOA STATE ELECTRIC VEHICLE POLICY 2021’ According to Heavy Industries Minister Mahendra Nath Pandey, the Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) is currently working on the development of fast chargers for electric vehicles. Minister was at an event organized by the Ministry of Heavy Industries (MHI) at Goa to Promote Electric Vehicles Mobility with 8 state transport ministers, industry leaders, other heads from 19 states. Goa State Electric Vehicle Policy 2021 was also launched at Goa during the same event in the presence of Goa Chief Minister, Pramod Sawant. Various incentives comprising of fiscal and non-fiscal benefits are included in this policy for electric vehicles.

EMOBILITY+

Chandigarh’s first electric vehicle (EV) policy is set to go into effect on April 1, following a year of negotiations between administration departments and other stakeholders. According to sources, in addition to encouraging e-bikes for short distances, one of the primary components of the strategy will be to provide financial incentives for the purchase of EVs. The UT is considering tie-ups with dealers in exchange for an agreement and free registration. Other concessions are anticipated to include free parking and exemption from road tax.

Furthermore, those who purchase electric vehicles during the first year of the policy’s implementation will save more money. The regulation will make EV registration for all two, three, or four-wheelers, easier and faster by allowing for rapid online registration. Aside from other difficulties, minimizing pollution in the city is a critical aspect of enacting the program.

DEC-JAN ISSUE 2022 | PG 12

EMOBILITY+

DEC-JAN ISSUE 2022 | PG 13

INCONVERSATION

VIVEKANANDA HALLEKERE CEO & Co-Founder, Bounce How will you describe the journey from Bounce Share to Bounce Infinity?

First of its kind, indigenously built, with inhouse R&D, Bounce dockless bikes were launched in Bengaluru in May 2018. The company strongly believed in the potential of Electric Vehicles for India. Bounce for its mobility business wanted to move towards EV for ease of operations and better economics apart from the fact that it also is good for all of us, however, was unable to find any form factor that could be readily used. Primarily due to the lack of reliability & durability of the scooters available in the market. In addition to this, the range anxiety and down time that comes with fixed battery (Charging) was not viable for a Fleet operator.

Hence, Bounce invested heavily on R&D with an in-house Vehicle Engineering team to modify some of the existing models and also to design and develop a new model from scratch, especially working on a Removable battery and swapping network. Having invested and developed form factors that are suitable for the Indian conditions, it made sense to manufacture and sell this to the Consumers, in a market which is starved for good electric 2 wheelers.

So we started with a small project to build an electric scooter that works for India and the journey got us here. We have done over 2 crore kms on battery and the battery swapping station built with the power of mom and pop stores. The company firmly believes that India is at the dawn of an EV revolution and Bounce is committed to taking up all challenges to bring India onto the world map of EV adopters.

In an exciting interview with EMobility+, Vivekananda HallekereCEO & Co-Founder, Bounce described the journey from Bounce Share to Bounce Infinity and the two versions of Bounce Infinity.

He also spoke about the manufacturing challenges faced and the sales during the pandemic.

Bounce Infinity will be available in two versions- with or without a battery pack. How do you foresee consumer acceptance for the two segments?

The recently launched Bounce Infinity E1 offers a unique ‘Battery as a service’ option – the first of its kind in the Indian market. Here, customers have the choice of acquiring the Bounce Infinity E1 at a highly affordable price with ‘battery-as-a-service’ and use Bounce’s battery swapping network instead.

Customers pay for battery swaps, whenever they swap an empty battery with a fullycharged one from Bounce’s extensive swapping network.

The inability to charge a 2 wheeler has been the biggest impediment to EV adoption in India. Infinity E1 is the first and only scooter in India to provide both options – to swap

batteries from the Bounce network as well as charge-at-home. This not only addresses the charging problem, but also mitigates the need to invest for batteries - the customer can pay per swap for battery usage. This pushes the running costs of the scooter down substantially, by as much as 40 per cent compared to conventional scooters.

Customers have the choice of acquiring the Bounce Infinity E1 at a highly affordable price without the battery and using Bounce’s battery swapping network instead.

The ambition is to build the world’s largest and densest battery swapping platform to support India’s transition to clean mobility, and offer a swapping facility within a onekilometer distance for its customers. People if they can’t host space then they can just invest and get a fixed return on the investment they make. We call this “Bounce Power” and we are empowering the common man to be part of this transition to clean energy.

INDIA HAS BEEN MANUFACTURING AND SELLING OVER 20 MILLION TWO-WHEELERS EACH YEAR AND IS ONE OF THE BEST TWO-WHEELER MANUFACTURERS ACROSS THE WORLD. IT DID NOT MAKE SENSE TO BE IMPORTING MODELS THAT WERE DESIGNED FOR COUNTRIES LIKE CHINA AND ASSEMBLING THEM IN INDIA AND FORCE-FITTING IT TO THE INDIAN CONSUMERS."

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DEC-JAN ISSUE 2022 | PG 14

INTERVIEW |

Are you going to keep the (Battery as a service) B-A-A-S option exclusive with bounce or consumers will be having their preferred option?

The B-A-A-S services are restricted to Bounce Infinity customers at the moment. But with the EV scooter numbers tripling, Bounce is looking at creating a robust infrastructure and network for all in the future.

From a manufacturer perspective, what are the key challenges you'd like to figure out in terms of scaling up manufacturing in the country?

And what should be done to overcome these challenges and boost up the sector's growth?

Bounce had a very clear thesis to develop a scooter for India, utilizing the Indian manufacturing ecosystem. India has been manufacturing and selling over 20 million two-wheelers each year and is one of the best two-wheeler manufacturers across the world.

It did not make sense to be importing models that were designed for countries like China and assembling them in India and forcefitting it to the Indian consumers. Bounce has worked with some of the top-tier Indian manufacturers in the ecosystems to design & develop Bounce infinity.

As you are into manufacturing now, how do you see the sales at the time of the pandemic? And what about after-sales service and charging facility, which customers want before switching to electric mobility?

EV scooter sales have more than tripled in 2021 with more than 1.2 lakh units sold in the first half of the year and the two-wheeler EVs alone has the potential to account for almost 40% of the market in the next 3 to 4 years. This is just the beginning and we are certain that the industry will soon switch to EV mobility with more options available in the market. Deliveries for Bounce Infinity are slated for April 2022 through its dealership network and its online platform, for seamless deliveries across India. The initial target for the company is to go out and deliver one-lakh scooters as soon as possible.

For the after-sales service, Bounce is working towards building the world’s largest and densest battery swapping platform and offering its customers a swapping facility within a kilometer. The network will serve both its retail customers and rental business. The company has already established around 250 swapping stations in Bengaluru and Vijayawada for its scooter rental services. In Bengaluru, with the current density, one can find a swapping station every 2-3 km. By April, when Bounce will begin the delivery of the scooters, all major cities in India will have swapping stations.

Bounce has also partnered with companies, like NoBroker, so that the Residential Welfare Associations (RWAs) associated with the platform have a swapping station.

THIS PUSHES THE RUNNING COSTS OF THE SCOOTER DOWN SUBSTANTIALLY, BY AS MUCH AS 40 PER CENT COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL SCOOTERS. CUSTOMERS HAVE THE CHOICE OF ACQUIRING THE BOUNCE INFINITY E1 AT A HIGHLY AFFORDABLE PRICE WITHOUT THE BATTERY AND USING BOUNCE’S BATTERY SWAPPING NETWORK INSTEAD. "

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DEC-JAN ISSUE 2022 | PG 15

INCONVERSATION

MR. VIKRAM GULATI Executive Vice President, Toyota Kirloskar Motor How has the year 2021 been for Toyota's business overall?

We began the year with a fresh start and renewed hopes of recovery. However, the new fiscal brought in the devastating second wave, overcoming which, took great resilience of not only businesses but even the society at large. The latter half of the year saw demand picking up and the same can be attributed to factors aiding pent up demand initially, and further fuelled by demand due to the festive season.

In TKM too, at present, we are witnessing demand trends gravitating back to pre-covid times, and the same is reiterated by the fact that in the month of December, we have registered the highest customer orders for the entire year. The same has been contributed by all the models across our portfolio. TKM registers 72% growth in annual sales in 2021.

Looking at model-wise growth of our product line-up for the year, the Crysta and the Fortuner continue to dominate their respective segments and more so after we launched the Legender, which has received a tremendous response from our customers.

The product refreshments in the IMV models have undoubtedly helped us retain huge customer interests and orders. The Toyota Glanza and the Urban Cruiser have been a runaway success too, witnessing sustained sales as they generate tremendous interest in their respective segments & contributing to a new set of younger consumers.

The Camry Hybrid which has been enjoying huge customer orders has also created a niche for itself being the first and only locally manufactured strong self-charging hybrid electric vehicle in India.

The Toyota Vellfire that defines sustainable luxury & indulgence for Indian customers, has also marked its presence in the Indian market and is doing extremely well.

EMobility+ had a chat with Mr. Vikram Gulati - Executive Vice President, Toyota Kirloskar Motor, and learned about the company’s business, his views on India’s electrification roadmap.

He also gave insights on Toyota’s layered, global, customerneeds-based portfolio approach to electrification.

What is your view on India’s electrification roadmap - the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead?

The challenges regarding EV adoption the world over are mainly the high cost of EVs as compared to ICE and charging-related challenges (distance per charge and time taken to charge). In India, both these challenges are aggravated owing to lack of manufacturing ecosystem, lack of charging infrastructure, and consumer price sensitivity.

Going forward, in certain vehicle segments, the BEV adoption challenges are more comparatively. For e.g. BEV adoption is more challenging for segments like passenger vehicles and medium & heavy commercial vehicles. However, in the case of 2/3 wheelers & Intra-city buses, these are comparatively lower as the economic viability (on a Total Cost of Ownership basis) issues are relatively easier to resolve and some strategies like battery swapping, etc., can also help mitigate the charging related challenges. Hence these segments are likely to see faster BEV adoption.

Further for electrification, in addition to demand created by Government schemes, the key is to attain early investment viability for localization of EV part manufacturing at a global scale. For this, the supply side interventions by Government through the Production linked incentive schemes will need to be supplemented by aggregation of demand for EV parts across the full range of electrified technologies and vehicle segments. To achieve this, we believe that a merit-based taxation structure or carbonbased taxation for vehicles will be essential.

Consequently, India can also realize a much higher level of national benefits of reduction in fossil fuel consumption and carbon emissions.

LOOKING FORWARD TO 2022, OUR AIM IS TO EXPAND OUR FOOTPRINTS WITH A SPECIAL FOCUS ON TIER 2 & 3 MARKETS. GROWTH FOR TKM IS NOT JUST DEFINED IN TERMS OF SALES NUMBERS BUT WITH AN ENHANCED PRODUCT PORTFOLIO, WE HOPE WE WILL BE ABLE TO CATER TO MORE SEGMENTS AS WELL AS NEWER MARKETS IN 2022 AND BEYOND, HELPING US ACHIEVE OUR ULTIMATE GOAL OF DELIVERING “MASS HAPPINESS TO ALL”

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DEC-JAN ISSUE 2022 | PG 16

INTERVIEW |

What do you have to say about India’s strategic imperatives in terms of resource availability, infrastructure readiness, energy mix, consumer price sensitivity, and value proposition?

The global shift towards electrified mobility is primarily guided by various objectives. One of the key goals is to shift from fossil fuel and carbon emission reduction. But for India, the national goals are not only the above targets but also retaining manufacturing competitiveness, creating jobs as well as geopolitical implications. In this context, the government is encouraging the creation of a local manufacturing ecosystem through PLIs across various sectors which will help to bring in investments for manufacturing within the country with technological advancements. PLI promises not only to make us self-reliant but also globally competitive. Additionally, we need to secure the inputs and raw materials that are needed for the manufacture of cells, batteries, motors, etc, which have the maximum value addition in an electric vehicle.

Additionally, last year in Aug, Hon’ble PM announced the target for achieving ‘Atmanirbhar (self-reliance)’ in energy by 2047 through a mix of gas-based economy, ethanol, green hydrogen, and electrified mobility. This energy mix of the future for India will also determine the powertrain choices for different vehicle segments depending upon the application and customer acceptance. We believe, going ahead all these non-crude oil energy sources will be needed for realizing our key national objectives optimally. Another important requirement for India is to develop the electricity transmission & distribution infrastructure besides the charging infrastructure for EVs.

Please tell our readers about Toyota’s layered, global, customer-needs-based portfolio approach to electrification.

Toyota being a global leader, has all the electrified technologies. Our goal is to deliver “Mass Happiness for All”. We believe that the choice of technology should be one that is practical and sustainable, helps achieve our national goals in the fastest possible manner. While our long-term decisions are shaped by our Global environmental challenge of achieving zero carbon emissions by 2050. Our immediate technology decisions are influenced by our desire to achieve maximum immediate societal & environmental benefits, which in turn is largely determined by, the local energy mix of the country, infrastructure readiness as well as customer acceptance that, enables suitable technological adoption at an appropriate time.

Toyota is committed to global carbon neutrality by 2050 and we, as Toyota in India, are naturally also integral to these efforts. As a part of this Global environment challenge, we are committed to zero carbon emissions not only from our new vehicles but across the entire value chain that will help us achieve zero carbon emission at the life cycle of the vehicle. We believe a full lineup of electrified vehicle technologies will provide wider options for the customers – including hybrid electric, plug-in hybrid electric, battery-electric, and hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles. This approach will help achieve accessible electrification at scale, supporting national objectives (e.g. reducing CO2 and oil import, developing industry through localization and export).

THE TOYOTA GLANZA AND THE URBAN CRUISER HAVE BEEN A RUNAWAY SUCCESS TOO, WITNESSING SUSTAINED SALES AS THEY GENERATE TREMENDOUS INTEREST IN THEIR RESPECTIVE SEGMENTS & CONTRIBUTING TO A NEW SET OF YOUNGER CONSUMERS."

What can we look forward to from Toyota in 2022?

Looking forward to 2022, our aim is to expand our footprints with a special focus on Tier 2 & 3 markets. Growth for TKM is not just defined in terms of sales numbers but with an enhanced product portfolio, we hope we will be able to cater to more segments as well as newer markets in 2022 and beyond, helping us achieve our ultimate goal of delivering “Mass Happiness to All”.

In view of the above and from point of view of consumer adoption of greener technologies, we believe that a technologyneutral approach wherein policy support is extended to all greener technologies proportionate to the social benefits that they provide, will effectively lead to a faster and smoother technology shift. For our part, as pioneers of electrified technologies, TKM will continue to focus on mass electrification by encouraging the localization of electrified vehicle parts.

THE TOYOTA VELLFIRE THAT DEFINES SUSTAINABLE LUXURY & INDULGENCE FOR INDIAN CUSTOMERS, HAS ALSO MARKED ITS PRESENCE IN THE INDIAN MARKET AND IS DOING EXTREMELY WELL.”

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DEC-JAN ISSUE 2022 | PG 17

INCONVERSATION

SACHIN AGRAWAL Senior Vice President - Product Development and Technology, VE Commercial Vehicles With a lot of buzz for EV going around, how do you see its adoption in the CV segment?

Electric vehicle penetration in the CV segment is driven through two key levers – one is the total cost of ownership (TCO) and the other is India’s vision and commitment @COP26 to reduce Greenhouse gas emission and increase renewable energy by 2030.

CV market has got a wide range of portfolios right from 1T vehicle to 55T vehicle. As we all know, the EV segment is ideal for short-range distance for example intracity segment where daily coverage gets limited to 100150kms per day. This segment will see faster adoption of EV technology. We are already seeing the popularity of Electric 3 Wheeler increasing day by day. Further with rising diesel fuel prices and reduction in EV prices, EV vehicles are becoming favorable on a Total Cost of Ownership basis even for Light commercial vehicles. Soon, we will observe increased use of Electric LCVs in the 4-9T segment for intracity/short-distance use mainly driven by e-commerce and FMCG segment.

For the Bus segment, adoption has already started with Govt FAME-2 scheme, now many STUs are coming out with Electric Bus tenders. Recently CESL is consolidating all STUs requirements and has come up with a single tender of more than 5000 buses.

Regarding heavy-duty truck applications, EV adoption will start from short distance applications e.g port to warehouse or plant warehouses, etc due to favorable TCO. The long route haulage segment might not be suitable for completely electric vehicles and Hydrogen fuel cell technology-based EVs will be the right solution for this segment.

EMobility+ got an exclusive chance to interview Sachin Agrawal - Senior Vice President - Product Development and Technology, VE Commercial Vehicles, and got his views on EV adoption in the CV segment. He also spoke about key design challenges being faced during the electric transition as one of the leading CV manufacturers and key design attributes considered while adopting the power system architecture for their EVs. What is your view on India’s electrification roadmap - the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead?

The challenges regarding EV adoption the world over are mainly the high cost of EVs as compared to ICE and charging-related challenges (distance per charge and time taken to charge). In India, both these challenges are aggravated owing to lack of manufacturing ecosystem, lack of charging infrastructure, and consumer price sensitivity.

Going forward, in certain vehicle segments, the BEV adoption challenges are more comparatively. For e.g. BEV adoption is more challenging for segments like passenger vehicles and medium & heavy commercial vehicles. However, in the case of 2/3 wheelers & Intra-city buses, these are comparatively lower as the economic viability (on a Total Cost of Ownership basis) issues are relatively easier to resolve and some strategies like battery swapping, etc., can also help mitigate the charging related challenges. Hence these segments are likely to see faster BEV adoption.

MAJOR CHALLENGES FOR EV ADOPTION IN CV PRODUCTS ARE RANGE REQUIREMENT, HIGHER INITIAL PRICE AND CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE, AND TIME REQUIRED TO CHARGE. TO PROVIDE A HIGHER RANGE, WE NEED TO PROVIDE HIGHER BATTERY CAPACITY, WHICH MEANS HIGHER DEAD WEIGHT

As one of the leading CV manufacturers, What key design challenges do you face during the electric transition? How automotive design trends have evolved so far to address these challenges?

As we know, CV products are meant as profit machines for customers and have to run more and more to recover cost at the earliest.

Major challenges for EV adoption in CV products are range requirement, higher initial price and charging infrastructure, and time required to charge. To provide a higher range, we need to provide higher battery capacity, which means higher dead weight in the vehicle, which not only reduces payload but also increases the initial cost of the vehicle and makes it unviable economically.

As such transition to EV in CV space will start from a short-range intracity application, which solves some of the issues mentioned above and also becomes economically viable on a TCO basis. We are working on multiple technologies to reduce battery weight with higher energy density, shorter time to charge, and cost optimization. We are also working on building modularity between different powertrain adoption including Diesel, CNG, Electric, and Hydrogen.

IN THE VEHICLE, WHICH NOT ONLY REDUCES PAYLOAD BUT ALSO INCREASES THE INITIAL COST OF THE VEHICLE AND MAKES IT UNVIABLE ECONOMICALLY.”

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DEC-JAN ISSUE 2022 | PG 18

INTERVIEW |

In the rapidly evolving technology era, what is your approach to developing & delivering cost-effective and efficient EV powertrains which can suit various customer applications and segments?

At this stage, we are focusing to develop application-specific products which suit the customer segment and also are economically viable. A common solution may not work for all applications and even with current diesel vehicles, we have huge variants depending on customer needs.

Apart from the initial cost, energy efficiency is one more important aspect in EV that not only decided operating cost but also influences the range and battery sizing. We are working on understanding different duty cycles and working on In-house calibrations to ensure that we deliver best-in-class energy efficiency in our vehicles.

WE ARE WORKING ON MULTIPLE TECHNOLOGIES TO REDUCE BATTERY WEIGHT WITH HIGHER ENERGY DENSITY, SHORTER TIME TO CHARGE, AND COST OPTIMIZATION.”

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Like I said earlier, for EV adoption we are first focusing on intracity application and then we will move towards long haulage and higher load applications. We are working on carefully understanding and evolving suitable business models depending on the application to better suit customers e.g whether opportunity charging is feasible or not.

What are the key design attributes you considered while adopting the power system architecture for your EVs? Major considerations are light-weighting, higher energy efficiency, lower initial cost, modularity, and future technology protection. The system architecture has to be flexible so that it can adopt drivetrain electrification quickly using existing platforms. Modularity and reusability of the existing architecture of low voltage vehicle systems will make this transition smoother.

Some of the key attributes that need to be considered for power system architecture include (though the list can be much longer

Duty cycle based torque/power requirements considering all operating modes Energy supply and management including charging and regeneration capability utilization Energy sources and Drive cycle efficiency The electric power demand of vehicle subsystems Overall weight and volume of various components Safety-related parameters HV and LV system placement A communication system including CAN and UDS

TO PROVIDE A HIGHER RANGE, WE NEED TO PROVIDE HIGHER BATTERY CAPACITY, WHICH MEANS HIGHER DEAD WEIGHT IN THE VEHICLE, WHICH NOT ONLY REDUCES PAYLOAD BUT ALSO INCREASES THE INITIAL COST OF THE VEHICLE AND MAKES IT UNVIABLE ECONOMICALLY."

DEC-JAN ISSUE 2022 | PG 19

INCONVERSATION

DR. YOGESH BHATIA MD and CEO, LML Electric With the rapidly growing EV sector in the country and lots of players already coming into this space, where do you see LML Electric in the run?

The EV sector is seeing an unprecedented rate of growth which will continue for the foreseeable future, however, what is critical to understand is the fact that most players currently are looking at short-term gains with offerings that are from Chinese imports. The Indian market, consumer behavior, and conditions are unique and it is critical to understand that. What will define a brand and company’s success in the future would be their understanding of the consumer and a value proposition which is designed for long-term adoption. We at LML electric understand and take this very seriously which is why we are heavily investing in global R&D, NPD but all based in India and designed around the Indian consumer.

In your opinion what will be the differentiating factor for LML in the segment?

LML Electric would be focused on building product solutions that are smart, innovative, and future-ready today. We will be building a category and range of products that are not just electric but empowered with industry and category first features and characteristics.

EMobility+ had an exclusive conversation with Dr. Yogesh Bhatia - MD and CEO, LML Electric, and understood the differentiating factors of the company, manufacturing challenges faced, and the way it combats these. He also spoke about the approach to maintaining a sustainable supply chain.

What are the top 3 manufacturing challenges you face as an OEM with the transition to electrification?

What is your approach to combat these?

The biggest and the most vulnerable aspect in terms of a challenge is that of overdependence on China for parts, technology, and supply chain. Such a level of dependency means a volatile and uncontrollable situation that is uncalled for and must be addressed by becoming selfsufficient and “Aatmanirbhar”

As an OEM how do you see the supply chain challenge specifically when there is a global shortage of chips and semiconductors?

The entire automotive sector has been severely affected by the global pandemic especially with the shortage of chips and semiconductors which are an integral part of any small, medium, or big auto product. The situation on this would continue to remain grim over the next two quarters, though the challenge can also be viewed as an opportunity for Indian OEM’s to up their game and capitalize.

What is your approach to maintaining a sustainable supply chain in order to match the production demand?

We work on a forecast of six months to nine months of projected demand curves however a pandemic like global calamity can sometimes change the entire situation wherein the world is still battling for over two years now. Given the current situation, we are ramping up local partners and facilities to ensure we no longer depend on the import of components and parts. Another key development is our investments in NPD with which we are going to have some very compelling results which are made in and made for India.

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DEC-JAN ISSUE 2022 | PG 20

INSIGHTS Current EV Manufacturing Infrastructure in India: Evolution, Challenges And Solutions

India's automobile sector is the world's fifth largest, with plans to become the third largest by 2030. In India, the electric vehicle industry is gaining traction. New industrial hubs are being built, and efforts to improve charging infrastructure are being stepped up. Federal subsidies and policies supporting deeper discounts for Indian-made electric two-wheelers, as well as a boost for localized ACC battery storage manufacture, are other growth factors for the Indian EV industry. The burden of oil imports, rising pollution, and international commitments to address global climate change are driving India's recent policies to accelerate the transition to e-mobility.

Range anxiety Range anxiety is one of the most significant obstacles in the way of electric vehicle adoption in India. Customers of electric vehicles are frequently concerned about the vehicle's ability to get from point A to point B before the battery runs out. This issue is inextricably linked to India's limited charging infrastructure. In comparison to petrol pumps, India's electric charging infrastructure is woefully inadequate.

Furthermore, electric vehicle charging outlets are only found in urban regions.

Consumer perception Relying on traditional modes of fuel-intensive mobility to cater to a large domestic market would not be sustainable. In order to solve this, federal authorities are designing a "Shared, Connected, and Electric" mobility alternative, with an ambitious goal of achieving 100 percent electrification by 2030. India stands to benefit on multiple fronts by shifting to electric vehicles (EVs)

India -Emerging Scenario and EV ambition The worldwide disruption has begun to have an impact on the Indian automotive industry. Electrification is the most important of the four developing trends, and it might have a large impact on vehicle OEMs and auto component makers. India has great hopes for electric vehicles and the technologies that go with them. It has issued (and then changed) a number of ultimatums for the coming decade.

India has high hopes for achieving a high level of e-mobility adoption by 2030. The explanation is not surprising: alarmingly high pollution indices continue to rise, as well as the massive sums of money the country must pay for annual crude oil imports.

The real challenges and barriers to going electric Despite the lack of precise indicators pointing toward electrification, India's EV industry will need a few years to mature. Every major automaker already operating in or preparing to enter our market is getting involved. While each of these manufacturers recognizes the importance of EVs' mass market possibilities, they are optimistic that the government's policy drive will eventually convert into actual initiatives that will make EVs appealing to purchasers in lower price categories. But, there are challenges. Some of them are:

In India, consumer perceptions of electric vehicles are still negative when compared to conventional vehicles. Range anxiety, a lack of charging infrastructure, a large price difference between EV and ICE vehicles, and a lack of confidence in a satisfactory resale value are all factors. Despite the fact that Indian customers are growing more open to adopting e-mobility than in the past, there is still a negative view about EVs.

High price In India, there is no price parity between electric and internal combustion engines. Electric automobiles are significantly more expensive than fuel-powered vehicles. The Tata Nexon, for example, has a starting price of 7.19 lakh, whereas the Tata Nexon EV has a starting price of 13.99 lakh. Because of the significant price difference, many potential EV customers are hesitant to make the final decision to purchase a BEV.

Scarce battery technology For electric vehicles, the lithium-ion battery is the most popular and widely used power source. Lithium is not produced in India. Li-ion batteries are also not produced in the country. India's reliance on imports for EV batteries has resulted in exorbitant prices for these critical components and, eventually, EVs.

Lack of products If you want to buy a traditional fuel-powered automobile or twowheeler, you have hundreds of possibilities. In the EV segment, the situation is radically different. There are only a few possibilities, and most of them are not from well-known names. This discourages buyers from purchasing electric vehicles.

Conclusion: In the future, e-mobility in India will not be a luxury, but a need for survival, because pollution levels are at an all-time high, and the only solution is to employ green energy sources and transmission. When it comes down to it, EVs are unavoidable, therefore it is best to plan and organize for how the changes will occur rather than trying to avoid them. Electric mobility's future is here, and it's only going to get better, improve, and expand.

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DEC-JAN ISSUE 2022 | PG 21

INSIGHTS What Are The Major Design Trends Making Their Way In The EV Industry in 2022?

The hottest news regarding electric vehicles this year is definitely about Tesla achieving the tech-giant status. In November 2021, Tesla exceeded a $1000,000,000,000 marketplace cap, propelled by a somewhat confusing order from Hertz for 100,000 full-price electric Tesla cars (CNBC). At the COP26 meet in Glasgow last year, the issues discussed were mainly about the evolution of intensive greenhouse gas (GHG) and net-zero emission requirements for automobile manufacturers (NRDC). Over the last 2 years, electric vehicles (EVs) have witnessed a substantial rise in revenue due to the advent of appealing and revolutionary features.

Now let's take a look at the most apparent EV design trends including those that are resurfacing, that will thoroughly revolutionize the automobile industry in 2022.

EV manufacturing will undertake a greener approach One of the predominant EV trends will be the growing significance of supply chain decarbonization (World Economic Forum). In the future, a great deal of attention will be given to enhancing infrastructure, deriving green energy, and enhancing production techniques. The objective is simple: to force down greenhouse gas emissions substantially. Moving forward, recycling major battery parts will also aid in lessening its environmental impact. However, veteran industry players will require to contribute their part to maintain such crucial innovations.

OEMs will discover approaches to swiftly improve EV portfolio As the automobile industry keeps up with the adoption of electrification, stakeholders will confront profitability issues in the following years. To deal with cost issues, auto manufacturers will require to consider collaboration with rivals on modular EV platforms.

These platforms will boost up to automobile electrification, emphasizing methods to decrease cost, boost driving range, and revolutionize next-gen EV models to scale e-mobility.

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Boosting driving range and battery capacity The average EV driving range is expected to be 275 miles (Telematics Wire) by 2022. Moreover, the latest EV developments show that battery recycling would be given importance over the subsequent years. But eventually, second-life use programs will receive momentum because of technological advancements, regulatory transparency, and verified business structures.

Profitable EV developments in fleet economics will attract greater fleet operators Electric models will emerge out to be more readily available from 2020 to 2023 throughout numerous segments, like buses and medium or heavy-duty trucks. Truck producers such as Daimler, Renault, MAN, and Volvo intent to go 100% electric soon. Over the subsequent 2 years, one of the predominant EV trends will be the transformation of class 4 to 6 mid-class trucks into electric vehicles. Grants and cost-sharing compliance will contribute significantly in helping with the implementation of EV charging infrastructure (Netsribes). By 2022, it's predicted that electrification will turn into hefty applications. CHAdeMo association and CharIN are expanding in the development of standards for mega chargers (above 1 MW). Besides, other market drivers are making efforts toward harmonizing standards globally to simplify the rollout of electric HFT.

Growing focus on stretching public charging network In the upcoming years, the charging infrastructure will turn into a vital factor that can power the Energy Internet (Green Flux). Public charging infrastructure will completely allow the consolidation of power infrastructure investment and the Internet infrastructure. Furthermore, it'll enforce numerous new technologies and prototypes to attain a genuinely green energy society.

DEC-JAN ISSUE 2022 | PG 22

INSIGHTS Rising electric vehicle technology in 2022

Thermal Management in Cell-to-pack models

The worldwide disruption has begun to have an impact on the Indian automotive industry. Electrification is the most important of the four developing trends, and it might have a large impact on vehicle OEMs and auto component makers. India has great hopes for electric vehicles and the technologies that go with them. It has issued (and then changed) a number of ultimatums for the coming decade.

Thermal management for EVs kept being a hot topic throughout 2021.

In IDTechEx's report "Thermal Management for Electric Vehicles, 20212031" (IDTechEx), they explain the OEM strategies, developments, and rising alternatives across the thermal management of Li-ion batteries, electric powered traction automobiles, and power electronics with considerations for ideal functioning temperature and fire safety.

India has high hopes for achieving a high level of e-mobility adoption by 2030. The explanation is not surprising: alarmingly high pollution indices continue to rise, as well as the massive sums of money the country must pay for annual crude oil imports.

The platform features, incorporation of battery technology, and the outcomes of charging infrastructure form the core of the EV sector’s expansion. As the automobile industry keeps on undertaking electrification, the aforementioned EV developments will depend greatly on stakeholder collaboration. This will facilitate leading OEMs in decreasing the fixed-price burden of R&D, equipping, and plants, and allow various models of variants.

Axial-flux motors A rising motor tech that has attained momentum in 2021 has been axial flux motors, so named since the technology behind utilizes the effect of magnetic flux being parallel to the axis of rotation. IDTechEx announced a huge surge in the demand for automotive axial flux vehicles in "Electric Motors for Electric Vehicles 2022-2032" (IDTechEx).

Silicon Carbide-driven automation and Sintered Dieaffixed equipment In power electronics, the pace of the shift to silicon carbide MOSFETs and high voltage structures above 800V has been growing since 2021. Hyundai, Renault, and BYD all will launch new 800V automobile systems that enable the embedding of silicon carbide MOSFETs in their power electronics by 2025.

AT THE COP26 MEET IN GLASGOW LAST YEAR, THE ISSUES DISCUSSED WERE MAINLY ABOUT THE EVOLUTION OF INTENSIVE GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG) AND NETZERO EMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS (NRDC)."

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DEC-JAN ISSUE 2022 | PG 23

PERSPECTIVE Managed Charging for Electric Vehicles in India - A Vastly Untapped Opportunity

DHRUV WARRIOR RESEARCH ANALYST, CENTRE FOR ENERGY FINANCE AT THE COUNCIL ON ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT, AND WATER (CEEW-CEF)

SALONI JAIN

Managed charging, also called V1G or smart charging, provides a unique opportunity to manage the EV charging load. It applies traditional demand-side management to EV charging, which allows the utility or a third party to control the load from vehicles to meet the needs of the grid. It helps the utility integrate more renewable energy into the energy mix by matching EV charging demand to renewable generation, shifting the charging load from peak to off-peak periods, and lowering the cost of power purchase by reducing the need for expensive peak power. It also helps the utility delay infrastructure upgradation costs on account of the surge in the charging demand from EVs. EV owners will also benefit from managed charging in terms of reduced cost of charging and reliable electricity supply.

RESEARCH ANALYST, CENTRE FOR ENERGY FINANCE AT THE COUNCIL ON ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT, AND WATER (CEEW-CEF)

The electric mobility transition has started to gain traction in India. The demand for electric vehicles (EVs) has been picking up, and as per the CEEW-CEF electric mobility dashboard, EVs now account for ~2 percent of the overall vehicle sales as of October 2021. With the rise in demand for EVs, an associated increase in the demand for charging load is expected. This increase in load can increase power purchase and infrastructure upgrade costs for the power utility, which may, in turn, reflect on the tariffs charged to consumers and affect the financial health of the utility.

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DEC-JAN ISSUE 2022 | PG 24

PERSPECTIVE Figure 1 – Benefits of managed charging

Managed charging in international markets In international markets, and particularly in Europe and the UK, EV stakeholders broadly agree on the need for managed charging. Globally, managed charging is generally implemented in one of two ways: actively or passively. In the active managed charging, a utility, or an intermediary called an aggregator, communicates with the charger or vehicle to alter some aspect of how charging happens, such as by reducing charging rates at predefined times. In Vermont (USA), for example, the local utility provides customers with free home chargers that it controls during peak hours, while in Amsterdam (Netherlands), some public chargers provide variable charging power based on the seasonal generation and load patterns.

The passive approach to managed charging is to alter user behavior using price signals, such as differential tariffs (also known as “time of day” and “time of use” tariffs) and dynamic tariffs for EV charging. Such EV-specific electricity tariffs are being used in Spain, China, and South Korea. In deregulated markets in Europe and Australia, energy retailers – particularly those with a high share of wind in their generation mix – are independently setting super low off-peak charging tariffs late in the night. Very often, both approaches to managed charging take place in tandem. EV-specific tariffs facilitate a longer-term shift in EV charging behavior, while utility control charging during specific demand response events to respond to unanticipated network issues.

Potential of managed charging in India India’s EV charging ecosystem is currently in the nascent stages of development. Among the three models of charging station infrastructure namely private charging infrastructure, semi-public charging infrastructure, and public charging infrastructure. Managed charging can be used across all charging infrastructure and enable EV charging to act as a controllable load that can be managed for a multitude of applications such as peak shaving, congestion management, grid frequency management, and increasing the uptake of renewable energy from the grid. The potential of managed charging is highest in vehicles with large battery capacity and charging stations with high charging rates, e.g., four-wheelers and buses in India. All the same, the rapidly increasing number of electric two- and threewheelers and the emergence of battery swapping hubs also creates the potential for these vehicles to offer managed charging. In contrast to conventional charging, managed charging involves the use of smart chargers that allow real-time data sharing between EVs, EV system equipment, charge point operators (CPOs), and the utility, thus allowing the utility to control the charging rate at any point of time creating a win-win situation for both the utility as well as the EV owner.

Smart charging infrastructure makes managed charging possible and at the same time opens up a lot more possibilities for driving business integrations and making charging convenient and profitable. Tapping into this vastly untapped opportunity can significantly reduce the cost of charging for EV owners and allows the utility to better manage present and future demand for electricity on account of EV charging.

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Recommendations to scale managed charging in India Integrating EVs with the power system will be a challenge in case of the rapid growth of the sector. Managed charging can go a long way in addressing this challenge but scaling it to a pan-India level would first require interconnection of various systems and structural changes to the electricity distribution system.

Firstly, the system will need to become a whole lot smarter, and conventional chargers will need to be replaced with smart chargers.

Roll-out of smart charging infrastructure with the standardization of communication protocols will be vital. Policy support will be required to provide free smart chargers to customers or provide incentives to customers who install smart chargers.

Secondly, charging tariffs should better reflect the utility’s cost of supplying power at different times. This will be a necessary driver to influence EV charging behavior. Regulators will need to implement more EV-charging-specific tariffs with cheap super-off-peak charges.

Public charge point operators must also pass on existing time-of-day charges to customers. The holy grail for managed charging would be a dynamic tariff (such as critical peak pricing or real-time pricing) that is determined by a utility’s power procurement costs or network utilization level. Such a tariff might only be viable in deregulated power markets, where price setting is under the purview of energy retailers and network operators.

Finally, the role of aggregators, as different from traders, will need to be formalised in the Indian power market. Aggregators should be able to provide demand response at the distribution level or even ancillary services at the transmission level. A policy framework that streamlines the role of aggregators and, at the same time, provides incentives or reward points to EVs participating in such a service can go a long way in scaling managed charging.

Conclusion Demand for EVs has started to pick up recently. With the increase in demand, there is a rising challenge to integrate EV charging load with the power system. Experiences from international markets suggest that managed charging can provide an enduring solution for the seamless integration of the EV charging load with the power system. Addressing the roadblocks to managed charging capabilities in the early stages can go a long way in enabling EVs to become a grid resource.

DEC-JAN ISSUE 2022 | PG 25

PERSPECTIVE What key attributes need to be considered while designing EVs and their components?

The significance of electric vehicles is increasing day by day. The price reduction of batteries, rise in consumer appetite for more sustainable transportation options, and the availability of an increased number of EV options indicate improvements to the supply and demand for electric cars in recent years. Generally, vehicle electrification is focused on the powertrain driven by electricity and its auxiliary systems such as on-board and off-board charging systems, as well as wireless power transfer. However, vehicle electrification also means electrifying other components of the vehicle such as electronic power-assisted steering, electronic stability program, electronic traction control, intelligent light system, smart electromagnetic suspension, all-wheel drive, airbag deployment system, and more. Increasing electrical content and complexity coupled with shorter design cycles require design teams to continually improve their design methods for mechatronic integration. Therefore, effective design plays a very significant role, in improving vehicle safety and reliability by ensuring that reliability issues are addressed as an integral part of the design process.

Design teams use efficient design methodologies to manage and optimize complex system interactions in response to operational and environmental variations, which makes them the perfect fit for the design of hybrid and electric vehicles. Adopting a comprehensive simulation solution along with an effective design methodology ensures design teams can very well analyze and verify complex drivetrain systems across a wide range of conditions. As the demand for EVs picks up, so too will the challenges for design teams. Though the current EV design challenges are difficult, they are not impossible to solve. The solution lies in increased collaboration from interdisciplinary design teams and robust design tools that allow for extensive modeling and simulation features.

EV powertrain integration:

SANDIP HAZRA DGM (HEAD-POWERTRAIN INTEGRATION GROUP), TATA MOTORS The primary requirement is to select an EV powertrain and integrate it with the vehicle. The next level is to decide the range, battery configuration, and packaging space. Once that is chosen, the other aggregate design satisfies the vehicle level performance requirement.

It can be divided into six broad categories:

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Based on the powertrain and its integration on the vehicle, various parameters like crash, durability are designed as per attribute targets.

The saddle or cradle structure is chosen based on the overall concept, which can meet project quality, cost & delivery (QCD) targets for a dedicated or modified EV. The motor selection and its integration are crucial to delivering the targeted performance.

Battery pack development: Rapid growth in electric vehicles is imperative to meet global targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, the growing focus on electric vehicles presents a need to focus our thoughts on battery attribute design for performance, durability and range. Nevertheless, used batteries may also allow recycling, providing a valuable secondary source of materials.

DEC-JAN ISSUE 2022 | PG 26

PERSPECTIVE A modular battery pack that can cater to a variable range as per customer’s requirements could be a future trend. The challenge is the tuning of steering, ABS, and cornering stability as per FAW and RAW weights variation. The regeneration setting is another important area for energy reserve. Thermal cooling management is fundamental for battery performance, range and durability for a hot country like India.

The elements in the cooling system need more innovative ideas to cater to the need and accessibility. The cell balancing and the liquid cooling pack are essential to maintain the operating battery pack temperature from -15°to +35°for a stable battery pack performance over time.

Battery management system (BMS).

Battery technology is proliferating; developing cells with higher power and energy densities is a recent trend. It is crucial to improve the performance of the battery management system (BMS) to make the battery a safe, reliable, and cost-efficient solution. The specific characteristics and needs of the intelligent grid and EVs, such as deep charge/discharge protection and accurate state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) estimation, intensify the need for a more efficient BMS. The focus is on a cell design concept for Li-ion batteries. BMS, which control the critical component of an EV, the battery stacks, needs protection against their cybersecurity issues. The motor, battery, and power electronics components like DC-DC are designed to meet subsystem and system-level performance.

Charging system design Design and safety considerations of fast or wireless charging systems for automotive are challenging. Faster charge rates require higher power electrical charging systems and infrastructure. The installation costs are currently the most significant obstacles widespread adoption of fast charging.

NVH refinement challenges in EV The strategic challenge is to address NVH issues in EVs as the masking effect of ICE noise is not there in EV. The BSR issues and road presence are becoming a threat in EV. Acoustic experts faced difficulties dealing with various lightweight EV powertrains and their variety of applications. Front-loading during vehicle development and better measurement analysis are the keys to meeting the vehicle development timeline for NVH refinement.

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An ICE has mechanical and combustion noise of low-frequency firing orders. In contrast, electric vehicles' electric drive assembly noise is mainly the high-frequency whining noise generated by electromagnetic forces from electric motors and transmission, which is much annoying. The powertrain noise is almost four times lower in EV compared to ICE, whereas road and wind noise is conspicuous in EV, which leads to new challenges in terms of overall in-cab noise.

The choice of powertrain structure design must be made according to NVH targets and the constraints for powertrain layout and weightlightening. The driveshaft integration also plays a vital role in mitigating EV NVH issues.

Vehicle dynamics, ride and handling The requirements of overall vehicle dynamics and stability in electric passenger cars, the suspension ride height adjustment through the active system, which helps the leveling system maintain a nearly constant sprung mass natural frequency, irrespective of load variations.

The driving control systems and advanced driving assistant system (ADAS), sensors, vehicle dynamics, and control algorithms are to be designed to meet the overall vehicle performance targets. ADAS is a convenient option to increase driving safety and provides control mechanisms such as adaptive headlights, blind-spot monitoring (BSM).

Traction control of electric vehicles considering vehicle stability to improve the handling and stability of electric cars by direct yaw moment generated from the driving or braking forces.

The above areas are the key attributes that need to be considered while designing the EV and its components.

AT THE COP26 MEET IN GLASGOW LAST YEAR, THE ISSUES DISCUSSED WERE MAINLY ABOUT THE EVOLUTION OF INTENSIVE GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG) AND NETZERO EMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS (NRDC)."

DEC-JAN ISSUE 2022 | PG 27

PERSPECTIVE CHANDAN SATHEES CHANDRAN CEO, ZITTO MOTORS

Creating an EV is very different from creating an internal combustion engine vehicle. From Styling, Chassis design, Electronics, Electricals, Batteries, connected car technologies, Safety systems, NVH, Aerodynamics, Design for Manufacturing, Design for Assembly, Design for Service, Supplier identification, Make or buy decisions are all worlds apart. Attention needs to be given to each component, as it is not all plug-and-play from the IC engine parts basket. The brakes are one of the best examples of how different the systems need to be in an EV to be safe and functional. The lack of a vacuum system compared to an ICE vehicle required an electrically operated and fail-safe brake design to be implemented. Similarly, across the board, every subcomponent undergoes significant development for an EV. Let us start with the styling. Styling is an important part of any vehicle, be it EV or ICE. It drives the hype and creates first impressions.

Designing an EV though presents some unique challenges. Like the use of a design philosophy that prioritizes reducing the air drag and better packaging. The air drag is something both ICE vehicles and EVs have to endure but the outcome of higher drag has a significant impact on EVs. With EVs higher drag results in reduced range. This range constraint creates unconventional design methodologies to be implemented. The sharp, blunt, vertical, boxy, and edgy designs that industry got used to will have to give way to more rounded, curved, low-slung vehicles. The industry-leading number of 0.17 Cd achieved

by Mercedes on its EQXX can be accounted purely for the styling choices the designers had to take while creating the vehicle.

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The loss of grill is a fine example. While people are still getting used to the transition to EVs, they still want the conventional design cues that they can relate to, and a drastic design change might be hard for them to accept. Most manufacturers, therefore, decided to keep a fake grill to make the transition smoother. Companies like Tesla have slowly evolved their styling to embrace the lack of grill over time, and even pushed the limits on quirky EV designs, while others are still in the transition phase towards accepting an all-electric design.

When it comes to motorcycles, some of the design elements that were used to break the monotony of the surfaces are no longer present. For example, the classic bikes have a significant amount of chrome garnished parts (Silencer, Engine cover). This is hard to replicate in EV motorcycles as it would appear like an afterthought if not properly implemented. The same applies to the chassis, as the battery packs are often one big bulky cuboid, the designers have their hands tied. To counter this some EV motorcycle manufacturers decided to cover up as much of the vehicle body as possible with panels. Not for the sake of aerodynamics but simply deciding to sweep the dirt under the rug.

It is not impossible to design appealing EVs. Unfortunately, or fortunately, the conventional shapes of ICE vehicles are not the most optimum design direction for an EV. The motors, which are the size of a watermelon, along with a battery pack that takes the entire floor area, require a complete shift from the conventional design thinking in terms of cabin space and packaging. The higher floor requires a different ergonomic design of the passenger space for a comfortable journey.

While a taller SUV design can accommodate the passengers and the batteries comfortably, it creates air drag, weight, and roll, and let’s be honest, not everyone wants an SUV. It has therefore become a careful balance of how much to compromise in terms of design to have an efficient EV packaging.

As more manufacturers enter the EV space with new dedicated EV platforms, there is indeed a future where the design of EVs will not resemble any of the vehicles currently on our roads. As the designers finally get freed from their shackles, new and interesting approaches are inevitable.

DEC-JAN ISSUE 2022 | PG 28

OPINION How is the manufacturing technology evolving to cope with rapid EV transition and increasing demand?

MR. VIVEK GOSAIN GENERAL MANAGER MANUFACTURING, MG MOTORS

Globally, demand for low emission commuting and governments supporting long-range, zero-emission vehicles through subsidies & tax rebates have compelled Auto manufacturers to provide electric vehicles around the world.

India’s E-mobility initiatives too have prompted existing vehicle manufacturers and new entrants to begin manufacturing Electric vehicles in the last mile connectivity and bulk short/long distance transportation space. By 2030, the Indian government wants to see at least 7 out of 10 commercial cars and 8 out of 10 two-wheelers/ threewheelers be electric. In the passenger car segment, the stated target is to see that 3 out of 10 cars sold are electric. India is the 5th largest Car market and is a big exporter of small cars, has huge potential to export Electric small cars.

Indian Government appointed Niti Aayog has laid out below initiatives that favor both Buyers and Manufacturers of Electric vehicles to fastpace EV migration.

FAME 1 and FAME 2 (Faster adoption and manufacturing of Hybrid and EVs): This policy drives incentives on the purchase of EVs at all segments with a Cap based on the cost and place of sale, lower GST as compared to ICE based vehicles. This policy also supports strengthening the Charging infrastructure, which is very important for ease of using an EV.

PLI scheme (Production linked incentive): This scheme encourages Manufacturers of Electric vehicles and EV components to get incentives out of manufacturing and related technology development, though, there are riders to get the benefit of this scheme.

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Vehicle scrappage policy: This policy involves enforcement of tighter guidelines on the vehicles based on tenure post-registration, criteria for vehicle fitness certification, and discounts to persons buying new vehicles upon them sharing scrapping certificates of the old vehicles.

On the manufacturing front, adapting EV-specific processes and inspection activities on the Shopfloors have had their own challenges, little more than adding any other product line over existing products.

Electric vehicles carry unique technology vis a vis ICE-based vehicles.

Engine transmission is replaced by an electric drive unit and Power distribution units in an EV. In place of the fuel tank, a large size Battery pack is required to be installed, along with other peripherals in EVs. As Electric vehicles currently form a very low percentage of the overall product mix, it's preferable to modify plant facilities instead of installing new EV-specific production lines. This would ensure that investment is kept minimum. As long as the product mix changes within the overall capacity of the production lines, there are no constraints to manufacture more EVs from production lines. I see that in the future when we complete our transition to EV-only portfolios, future production lines would not carry provision for ICE-specific vehicles.

Currently, EV batteries are the main obstacle to EV wider adoption. We must work towards reducing Battery cost, (which is up to 40% of an Electric vehicle cost), achieve higher capacity batteries while reducing battery size and charging time for a Wider acceptance by the users as a true alternative to the internal combustion engine vehicles. Once the battery life cycle is completed in an EV, its refurbishment and alternate use are areas that require addressing.

From a vehicle plant perspective, although, Electric vehicles follow common testing methods with other vehicles, there are some specific tests like Battery charging tests (AC and DC chargers), and insulation resistance tests to find out any leakage current passing thru the vehicle body. Advanced vehicle tests are performed on 100% of Electric vehicles to ensure no leakage of electric current. Apart from this, Engineering design to enhance all-weather performance are steps that need to be taken in the near future for Electric vehicles.

DEC-JAN ISSUE 2022 | PG 30

GRAND

MASTERS

INDIA AWARDS 2022

Honoring The Grand Masters Of Indian EV Industry CORPORATES SHARE THEIR SUCCESS STORIES AT EMOBILITY+ GRANDMASTERS INDIA AWARD 2022 Awards do not only acknowledge success; they recognise many other qualities: ability, struggle, effort and, above all, excellence. It is an acknowledgement of appreciation for your hard work and dedication to achieve the milestone.

This year the awards were even grander as the competition was even tougher with so many great achievers and experts in the Emobility sector nominated for these highly coveted recognition.The award ceremony was graced by our Guest of Honor Shri Sudhendu Sinha, Adviser (Infrastructure Connectivity & Electric Mobility ), NITI Aayog.

Unveiling the proud winners:

Masters of Entrepreneurial Leadership: Most Promising Young Leader - Mr. Arth Patel, CEO, Tirex Chargers Mr. Patel is a very dynamic individual with 4+ years of experience and great ability to increase the turnover of his company from 8-9 Crores to nearly 70+ crores. The Sales and Marketing has increased significantly under his leadership and at just 21 years of Age, he has proved his worth by bringing in India's largest EV clients and significantly focused on localising and ‘Make In India’ projects.

Most Promising Young Leader - Mr. Arth Patel, CEO, Tirex Chargers Mr. Khurana is an enterprising young personality who has built the organisation from 0 to 1, scaled to 175+ locations across 8 cities, 60+ team, raised 3 rounds of venture capital and debt to make the company as India's largest battery swapping network. He has Clocked 20X growth in just the last 6 months.He has been enabling EV adoption in India and solving major problems associated with battery ownership and charging for electric 2 and 3 wheelers.

Corporate Transformation Leader - Mr. Nishant Arya,Vice Chairman, JBM Group Under the leadership of Mr. Arya the company’s portfolio comprises 60 manufacturing plants, 10 power plants and 5 engineering & design centers across 10 countries. The company presently is a 2.2 billion dollar global Indian conglomerate. Mr. Arya has been instrumental in creating some unique business models by strategically synergizing diverse domains such as energy storage, EV charging and solar power, towards devising an integrated zero emission solution fostering green footprint.

Outstanding Corporate Visionary - Mr. Naveen Munjal, Managing Director, Hero Electric Mr. Munjal has been leading India’s oldest and largest electric twowheeler company for the past 14 years. He has empowered individuals to ride home a clean and sustainably charged vehicle playing a crucial role in developing and promoting the EV market in the country. As an entrepreneur,his career spans over two decades across various sectors including – Automotive, Bicycles, (BPO), International Markets, and Electric Vehicles. Mr. Munjal has been a true visionary and has contributed highly to the growth of the EV sector.

Outstanding Innovative Business Leader - Mr. Kartikey Hariyani, CEO, TecSo ChargeZone (P) Limited For the past 20+ years Mr. Hariyani has worked through utility, industrial and commercial applications of electrical engineering and information technology. His expertise are Power Sector, EV Charging, Green Hydrogen, Energy Consulting & Legal advisory.Under his leadership the company has developed a super-fast charging network across 22 cities in India at 400+ charging stations operational as on date.

Most Admired Technocrat - Mr. Abhijeet Sinha, Director, Ease of Doing Business- ASSAR Mr. Sinha is a Technocrat and a Policy Entrepreneur currently contributing in the program division of Prime Minister’s Ease of Doing Business initiative.His expertise as ex-corporate banker, comes with large infra financing and experience in PPP and Hybrid Financing models which is highly appreciated in various emerging tech pilots.

Holding additional charge of National Highway for EV (Jaipur – Delhi – Agra) pilot he recently completed India’s longest 210 km EHighway TECH-Trial Run between Delhi – Agra in pandemic year 2020 and adding 270 km Delhi – Jaipur stretch into it this year to make it world’s longest green E-highway after Germany.

Most Influential Leader - Mr. Uday Narang, Founder & Chairman, Omega Seiki Mobility Under the leadership of Mr. Narang the company has won various awards and recognitions. Building on his family’s existing steel business, he has transformed the enterprise when he spearheaded efforts to explore opportunities in sports and automotive space.

Unhappy with the current state of the Sports media which only concentrated on Cricket, he opened his own media house which promotes and highlights all the sports other than cricket which was losing its sheen.

Most Admired Entrepreneur - Mr. Pratik Kamdar, CEO & Co - Founder, Neuron Energy As a great leader and influencer Mr. Kamdar has built a strong team across India to build, develop and market EV Batteries, Solutions,Chargers and other ancillary products.The vision of creation of an entire end to end EV Eco system drives them to further grow their footprint across the globe.The organization has witnessed 400% growth over the last couple of years. Under the leadership of Mr. Kamdar company delivers batteries to more than 330 customers in India.

Masters of Corporate Leadership: Excellence in Technology Leadership - Mr. Ajay Dhiman, Head of Operations - Manufacturing & Projects, Power Global Energy Services Ltd. Mr. Dhiman is a dynamic, performance driven & result-oriented professional with 17+years of diversified experience in the Automotive Manufacturing Domain of leading multiple vehicle manufacturing functions involving production, quality, new product introduction, project management, plant set up, greenfield projects, process planning, kanri, process design, industrial engineering etc.

Excellence in Corporate Advisory Leadership - Mr. Mayank Deo, Founder, Shri Shyam Enterprises Mr. Deo has been an advisor to many startups in the embolility sector.

He has helped his clients in strategy making, policy, governance and corporate affairs. With an enterprising experience of more than 10 years he has shaped EV two wheeler start ups from the beginning to top 10 OEM positions.

Excellence in Legal Leadership: EV - Mr. Dipti Swain, Partner, HSA Advocates Mr. Swain is a distinguished and senior lawyer who has led multiple complex cross border M&A transactions and is a thought leader in the Electric Vehicles, Renewable Energy, FinTech & Startups sector. He has pioneered many government and private initiatives which have been path-breaking and have made a difference contributing to society. Some of the recent highlights include his advice to NITI Aayog and DHI on the 18,100 crore Battery PLI Scheme, Indian MNCs in unique ammonia, green hydrogen, renewable energy projects, etc. He is also an eminent speaker at various forums and writes for a lot of media.

Excellence in Research & Development Leadership - Mr. Venkateswarlu Manne, AGM, Amara Raja Batteries Ltd Mr. Manne has two decades of research expertise in battery materials on rechargeable batteries. He did his post doctoral research on advanced Lithium-ion batteries at NTUST, Taiwan.He has played an anchor role in licensing ISRO Technology and setting up research hub for a pilot scale manufacturing of lithium-ion cells and became the first to produce the 21700 type of cylindrical type lithium-ion cell in India. He has contributed to several electrochemical power sources in India and abroad and co-authored 100+ research articles.

To know more about our awards visit us at: https://solarquarter.com/studio/

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