....CONTENT
vii
Section 1 the Intro Acknowledgment v Table of Content vii Intro 1 Abstract 3 Proposal 5 Methodology 7 Canine History 9
Animal Housing Veterinary School Canine Companions for Independence Guide Dogs for the Blind San Francisco SPCA
Section 5 Site Analysis Location Site Context
Section 2 the Observation Issues & Benefits Animal Population Disability Diabetes Cancer & Bio - Detection Dogs Depression & Antidepressants
14 15 17 19 21 23
Section 3 the Benefit Service Animals: Animal Assisted Activities (AAA) Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) Animal Medical Assistant
27 29 31
Section 4 Case Studies Animal Centers Upstate Veterinary Specialist & Animal Emergency Clinic
35 37
39 41 43 47 52
59 61
Section 6 Design Approach Typology Analysis: Place Environment Spaces/Connections/Circulation Environmental Assessment Logical Attributes
68 74 75 77 80 84
Section 7 the Program Users Public/Private Essential Spaces Description of Spaces
95 97 99 101
Section 8 the Project Human - Canine Interaction Research Center
- Residential Building & Placement Training School
- Human - Canine Administration Building & Community Volunteer Center
- School of Canine Studies
- Medical and Psychotherapy Research Center
- Breeding & Boarding Center
Appendix A List of Figures Bibliography
112
....IN TRO
“A Contribution to literature resources to the field of Animal & Human Interaction�
For The last few decades, numerous health concerns have become part of everyday life, such as birth defects, mental illness, high level of stress and even traumatic incidents/accidents. Those health concerns have been the leading factors in causing the following disorders: chronic medical, cognitive, intellectual, mental health, susbstance abuse, physical and sensory disorders. The number of people with disabilities in the United States has increased to 50 million, half of which are suffering from diabetes. The main concern is not just about people with disabilities, but also those who are dying due to cancer, depression, or other malignant health situations. When cancer isn’t detected on time, it is hard to prevent it from spreading. Depression is similar, people with depression tend to isolate themselves, intensifying negative emotions and in some cases even suicide. While growing up, the researcher has experienced the consequences of cognitive disorder through her own family members, some of whom have died as a result of depression. This is ultimately how this thesis got started. She observed the mayor influences canines have had in her life and in others as well. This observation helped her to realize that something as simple as the interaction between humans and canines can help alleviate some medical and physical issues that our society has been facing for decades. During her research, she learned about Service Dogs, Bio-Detection/Medical Alert Dogs, and Therapy Dogs; she then decided to visit some centers, in the Northern area of California, where she interviewed with professionals and volunteers that have dedicated their lives to better those of the disabled. However, she learned that not all of these organizations are capable of providing service dogs to all of their applicants; Instead, applicants are placed on a long waiting list. But the reality of this problem is due to the lack of funds and/or specialized canine trainers, it is triggered the next questions for the thesis: Is it possible to design an infrastructure for an organization that can generate all those services at a constant rate? This thesis is proposing an all in one center where all these services are offered and can be easily integrated into one large organization, in order to provide more highly trained service/medical/therapy dogs for people who need them to better their lives, in addition to provide education and training for the community who is interested to pursue a career in the field of canine studies.
2
.... A B ST R AC T
Human and Canine Interaction is an important thesis topic. Since there is a strong bond that exists among humans and canines; such interaction brings a mutual benefit to the welfare and health of both. In local communities there is an urgent need to have access to Animal Assisted Interaction (AAI) and Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT) programs. Unfortunately, people with disability aren’t too aware of how much they can benefit from a service animal. Less than three percent of these population are estimated to have a service animal and about half of that percentage are mostly helping as guiding dogs;1 this is due because these programs are scattered or sometimes scarce. As it has been scientifically proven animals serve humans in many different ways; they offer great companionship and also contribute to one’s psychological and physical recovery. 2 People should be able to approach their psychological and physical health in a holistic way; and AAT animals can help people suffering from hypertension or any other cognitive diseases by reducing their levels of stress and blood pressure among other physiological responses. 3 The thesis is intent to propose a facility that will offer the community of San Diego an alternative treatment to people suffering of a disability disorder. Parents and Guardians have proven that pets have the ability to support and stimulate behavior and emotions of children and young adults which tend to suffer from behavioral disorder symptoms1. Furthermore, those who codependent on prescriptive antidepressants medicine can lower their cost in medicine, if they would opt to use a therapy dog. People who have diabetes and are apt to suffer seizures can benefit of using a medical alert dog because canines can detect low levels of insulin and help or prevent other major risks on time and effectively save people’s lives and money.4 Architecture has the power to consolidate and accommodate all these interactive programs in one complex and meet the requirements needed in order to facilitate availability and accessibility. Moreover, this center will offers opportunities to develop more studies that already exist but yet aren’t strongly substantiated with enough data as to expand the Human-Canine Interaction (HCI) and Animal-Assisted Intervention (AAI) field. Ultimately, this design is intend to encourage the revision and modification of existing protocols of organizations that seek for the welfare of humans and animals.
4
....PROPOSA L
Canine companions have the power to help humans cope with their physical and psychological health in a holistic manner. They can teach us to create relationships with other humans. The Delta Society, an organization that conducts scientific research and explores the benefits and effects that animals have in humans, have been able to provide the public with literature in order to better understand Human-Animal Interaction (HAI) since the early seventies; 5 However, HAI and the field of Animal-Assisted Intervention (AAI) is poorly defined and currently lacks a unified widely accepted theoretical framework for explaining how and why AAI is beneficial to humans’ mental and physical health6. AAI literature states that “service dogs” can be a great alternative to foster social, emotional, cognitive psychological, spiritual, and physical changes;7 but there is not enough data to further substantiate the topic. AAI “type” Center requires a large amount of resources and specialized trained professionals. Local Animal Human Societies are not offering extensive education to provide the community with service dogs due to the lack of funds. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA), a non-profit organization in New York City created in 1866, enforces the creation of anticruelty laws and addresses few programs to promote Human and Animal Interaction. 9 The Humane Society of the United States, another no-profit organization created in 1877, overlooks the welfare and reinforces the rights of children and animals.10 These two are the major non-profit organizations in the nation that are helping humans and animals. Local humane societies need to incorporate AAI “type centers”. The proposed thesis is intended to develop advanced scientific research to the “Human-Canine Interaction” studies. It will give to the disable community in the San Diego County the beautiful experience of working with service dogs, as well as providing medical alert and bio-detection dogs to medical facilities in the region. It is possible to accomplish this by creating a campus organization composed by: A) Placement Training School . - Disable clients will be train on how to use service dogs. B) School of Canine Studies . - Students can earn a degree in Behavioral Canine Studies and Advance Canine Training for Working Dogs. C) Medical & Psychotherapy Research Center . - Behavioral scientists and psychologists will investigate and formulate studies to better understand Human - Canine Interaction; as well as the training of medical alert dogs. D) Breeding and Boarding Center . - In house dogs stay while being trained. E) Veterinary Clinic . To take care of in-house canines. F) Community/Volunteer Center . - To give back to the community. G) Residential Building . - Clients with disabilities temporarily stay while receiving training. H) Administration Building . - Being the Head Quarters Administrators.
6
....METHODOLOGY
The research methodology used in this thesis will be based on Qualitative and Quantitative Studies. The first step is to demonstrate current statistics on contemporary phenomenal regarding data collection of available information by listing percentages and figures of people who are codependent to prescriptive drugs, suffer diabetes, experience seizures, and children/young adults that require psychological therapy due to experiencing traumatic events and behavioral disorders along with the cost for the average treatment spend on a yearly basis. Also collected data of Cancer affecting humans will be address, for dogs can also help detect cancer and alert incidents. The next approach will focus on multiple Case Studies, to further understand the correlation that exist within animal facilities in the in order to appreciate any improvements and discover what they are lacking to better incorporate new functions for the proposed Human - Canine Interaction Research Center. Case studies will be of help to understand how users utilize the building and the handling of animals, as well as what are the needs of both users and animals. Taking a close look on forms, organizational orders, circulation, cognitive structure, accessibility, safety, conservation, security, maintenance, and materiality in order to reach efficiency and functionality in current large animal centers, will help to better understand and organize various activities and services that the proposed Humane - Canine Interaction Research Center will provide to the public.
8
H ISTORY dogs were used in farms and sled dogs were used to pull cargo or people3 .
PRE-HISTORIC OF DOGS Archeological evidences indicate the domestication of dogs started towards the end of the Ice age or beginning of the Neolithic Period (c9000 – 8999 B.C). During the periods of the Ancient Egypt, historical and contemporary accounts reflect the early relationships of man and canines. Paintings in tombs, artifacts and literature found by archeologists serve us today as evidence that canines were always considered important in the daily life of man. For instance, the paintings found in Egyptian pyramids reads how dogs were treated with privileged and lived luxurious life, they even had servants; these paintings also reflected the behavior of man and demonstrate how dogs express acts of fidelity and obedience. As the Egyptian Empire expanded North East to the Euphrates River and South up the Nile to cities: Greek, Hittite, Babylonian, Syrian, Palestinian, Nubian, and Asian, dogs were being traded by the merchants because they were seen as tools.1 At the beginning of coexistence between man and dog, dogs were needed to help man survive. For instance: a dog was a great tool for hunting, guardianship, and even used by military troops from the beginning of the Middle Kingdom. 2 Moving to the Western World era, herding
DOGS’ SHOWS: During the Western World, dogs were seen as part of the perfect family. A woman would show elegance and status depending on what she had and who she would associate with. If she was seen with a well breed dog, it could be assumed that she was from a higher status.4 The beginning of dogs’ shows started in the 1850’s. Dogs were part of a recreational hobby for those in the middle and higher class in order to show prestige and status. Due to the popularity of dog shows, certain issues were presented, such as bad sanitation and poor ventilation where dogs were kept, inappropriate behavior from the public, and other corruptions in a dog’s appearance, all lead to the formation of the British Kennel Club in 1873 and The American Kennel Club in 1884, both were founded to serve the breeding industry. 5
HUMANE MOVEMENTS In April 10th, 1866, the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) was formed by Henry Bergh in New York City.7 The nonprofit organization contributed to the creation of anticruelty laws; and that’s when in 1877 the American Human Society, a nonprofit organization dedicated to overlook the welfare and reinforce the rights of children and animals. 8 In 1970, the Delta Society, an organization that conducts scientific researches that explore the effects that animals have on people, was created by three visionaries: Dr. Leo K. Butad, a veterinarian, Dr. William ‘Bill’ McCulloch, a veterinarian, and his brother Dr. Michael J. McCulloch, a psychiatrist. 9
POPULARIZATION OF HUMAN-ANIMAL INTERACTION STUDIES
DOGS IN THE HEALTH FIELD Today, literature about the subject can inform us that domestic animals can improve the quality of life in humans by providing us with the following benefits: therapeutic interventions for mental stimulation, psychological therapy, physical therapy assistance, and social support. “There are published reports on dogs’ abilities to detect melanoma by sniffing human skin, bladder carcinoma in blindtested urine samples, hypoglycemia among diabetics, and seizures among patients with epilepsy. In addition, there are countless anecdotal reports of dogs’ abilities to detect incipient manic episodes, panic attacks and dissociative episodes.”10
In the 1980’s the practice to bring animals into care facilities opened up many doors for professionals to investigate studies on human-animal interaction. The results of these studies lead to the increase of public interest because there was supported scientific proof that human can benefit from such interaction. The arise of concerns questioning the safety of animals in health facilities led to the intervention of the National Institute of Health (NIH) to overlook the risks for the interactions of animals and patients. In 1987, the NIH conducted a workshop in which programs were evaluated and new policies and protocols were created to address the issues.6
10
t h e O B S E R VA T I O N
the ISSUES
the BENEFITS
Health Disability
Physical Therapy Assistance
Psychological Conditions
Companionship & Social Support
Depression
Medical Alert
Scientific Medicine Codependency
Mental Stimulation & Psychological Therapy
14
ANIMAL POPULATION
Relinquishment of animals is the substantial factor of the pet overpopulation problem.1 The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals states that 5 million to 7 million companion animals enter animal shelters nationwide yearly. From that population, 3 to 4 million animals are euthanized (60% of dogs and 70% of cats). The sad fact is that five out of ten dogs and seven out of ten cats are euthanized due no one wants to adopt them. The intake of these animals is evenly divided between animals relinquished by owners and those picked up by animal control organizations. These are national estimates; however the percentage of euthanasia varies from state to state. The National Council on Pet Population Study and Policy (NCPPSP) reports that less than 2% of cats and only 15% to 20% percent of dogs are returned to their owners. 2 In regards to pet ownership, in the U.S. 63% of all households own a pet;2 over 72 millions are dogs and 82 millions are cats. 3 The average cost of expenses in food, medicine, and other supplies for a dog or a cat is about $700 to $875 annually. 2 If education about human and animals interaction is extended to its totality, humans would appreciate pets and animal population in animal shelters will decrease its numeric percentage.
16
DISABILITY
The U.S Health and Human Services identify a person with a disable condition if falls under the following categories: chronic medical disorders, cognitive disorders, intellectual disorders, mental health and substance abuse, physical disorder, and sensory disorders1. A new pediatric study elaborated by the Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) in cooperation from the Health Resource and Services Administration (HRSA) indicates that 1 in 6 children in the United States, ranging from the age of 3 to 17 years, had a developmental disability in 2006 – 20082. According to the 2006 ACS (American Community Survey) 43 million people live with disability; from that number, 4.3% reported a Sensory Disability, 9.4% reported a Physical Disability, 5.8% reported suffering with a mental disability, and 3.0% reported a self-care disability. 3 Today, 6 years after the mentioned 2006 data, the disable population has increate to approximately 50 million people in the U.S, according to The White House.4 That means that 1 in 5 people in the U.S has a disability condition. 5 If there was more accessibility to obtain a service dog, these people with disabilities can live a much easier life having 24-hours assistance, that would save them some money from hiring a personal nurse assistant.
Chronic Medical Disorder
Cognitive Disorders
Intellectual Disorder
Mental Health and Substance
Physical Disorder
Sensory Disorder
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DIABETES
Diabetes is a carbohydrate metabolism disorder that produces insufficient insulin, which results are the excessive gain or loss of amounts of glucose in the blood and urine. If it is left untreated, a person will experience a comma, seizure, or death1. According to the latest statistics data from the American Diabetes Association, 25.8 million children and adults in the Unites States – an 8.3% of the world population – have diabetes; In which, 18.8 million people have been diagnosed with this disorder and 7.0 million people were not. The 2011 National Diabetes Fact Sheet declared the cost of diabetes in the United States was of 174 billion; from that amount, 116 billion were spent for direct medical costs, and 58 billion for indirect costs - disability, work loss, and premature mortality. Therefore, diabetes is of a serious concern to the population. 2
HYPOGLYCEMIC ALERT DOGS: The usual way to detect a person having diabetes is by getting a biopsy test. However, today there is scientific evidence that dogs can help detect this disorder. Mark Ruefenacht, a forensic scientist and a diabetic for 20 years, is also the founder of Dogs4Diabetics Inc. formed in 2004. This nonprofit organization works in collaboration of a Forensic Laboratory in Concord, CA. They train assistance dogs
to become hypoglycemic alert dogs (Hypoglycemic: low blood glucose). The dog is trained to identify previous minutes early when a diabetic is about to suffer a hypoglycemic attack, then alerts the person to take action on their situation. Dogs have a great olfactory ability, that’s why they are useful in the medical field. The ways they are trained consist on having the dog going around different stations and sniffs different smells in order to identify which unit contains the scent of hypoglycemic. This method is called the ‘bucket training’. Once the dog is trained with this method, they next proceed to associate the smell with humans. To train a dog takes from 4 to 8 months and it costs about $20,000 for each dog to be trained. Nevertheless, a diabetic person can obtain one of these dogs for a minimum cost of $150 on fees of legal documentation. Then it will cost the person about $100 to $300 a month for the dog’s needs (food, medicine, or any other necessity). Due to the lack of programs in our nation not everybody can benefit from these dogs, which are a great diabetes management tool to humans. (Dogs4Diabetics). 3
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CANCER & BIO - DETECTION DOGS
According to the American Cancer Society, it is estimated that 571,950 Americans are expected to die of cancer by the end of the year 2011. They report cancer to be the second most common cause of death in the US, where 1 of every 4 deaths are reported to be the cause of cancer.1 Service dog can be trained to perform cancer and bio detection. The way a dog is trained for this task is by exposing it to a sample station where it can sniff a sample of a cancerous odour; once the dog learns to recognize the smell, it is placed in front of a patient to smell his breath and identify the smell of the cancerous odour. Another training method is by using urine samples of people with cancer. 2 Figure 1 shows the rate of cancer in the United States (from 1999 to 2007) falling under the following order: Southwest and Midwest regions, followed by the Northeast, and West. Figure 2 shows the higher incidence rate of cancer in the United States falls under the following order: Midwest and Northeast regions, followed by the South, and West. 3
Death Rate of Cancer:
Figure 1
Incidence Rate of Cancer:
Figure 2
22
DEPRESSION & ANTRIDEPRESSANTS
In the United Sates, suicide has become the tenth leading cause of death; it has been estimated that every 14.6 minutes a person dies by suicide. Statistics from this organization shows that approximately 90% of Americans who have taken their own life have been diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder at the time of their death1. Depression is a mental illness affecting people all around the world. People with depression not only suffer emotionally but can affect the course of their physical chronic conditions, if any; “such as: arthritis, asthma, cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and obesity. 2 The American Foundation for Suicide Prevention indicates that there have been 36,035 suicide deaths reported in 2008. People who suffer from severe depression are most likely to commit suicide if they are not receiving medical and emotional support.1 Worldwide, 121 million people suffer of depression; but in the U.S. 17 million adult Americans are diagnosed with depression during a year period. 3
SUICIDE Youth Suicide has been reported as the sixth leading cause of death among young children between the ages of 5 to 14; and the third for those among the age of 15 to 24.4
Older People The rate for suicide in adults rises with age, the rate for man rises seven times more than females after the age of 65. However, women peak to commit suicide occurs between the ages of 45 to 54, then again after the age of 75.4
Depression Depression affects nearly 10 percent of Americans ages 18 and over in a given year; in other words, 24 million people commit suicide in a year.4
“ A ccordi ng to the Cons umer Report O rgani z atio n , a non- profi t organi z ati on i n the Uni ted States , a p e rso n can s pend from a range of $20 to $400 on p re scrib e d antide pres s ants i n a monthl y bas i s ”5.
“ 17 mi l l i on adul t Ameri c ans s uffer from depre ssio n dur ing any 1-y ear peri od.”
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the BENEFIT
ANIMAL ASSISTED ACTIVITIES (AAA)
In a daily life event, a person experiences different psychological indicators of stress due to the encounter of many stress factors at home, school, work place, and other public spaces. It’s been studied that a psychological distress (i.e. anxiety, depression, loneliness) influences the immune system, which enhances the vulnerability of the human physiology, causing infections, cancer, and also increases any chronic diseases morbidity and mortality1. The good news is that animal companions can contribute as a form of social support because they can affect and influence people’s psychological and health conditions. Moreover, it’s been proved that when a companion animal is present, it acts as a buffer to stress responses.1 The American Psychological Association states that military personal and veterans that have been exposed to combat are affected with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). 2 According to Pentagon figures, some experts predict that the number of returning soldiers eventually requiring mental health treatment could exceed 100,0003. This is a major indication that there is a real need of physiological support for soldiers returning home; and service/therapeutic animals can help them. The way animals can help soldiers and veterans is by extending animal-assisted programs that already exist, but are not extensively spread, in which veterans train animals from shelters so these can become therapeutic animal-assistance for civil-
ian or military personal suffering from any physical condition. This will contribute on decreasing the population of animals in shelters.4 As adults transition to the elderly stage, they try to adapt to many changes that occur in life (e.i. retirement, moving to a smaller home or an elderly facility, children leaving their side, experiencing family lost, or dealing with a chronic mental or health disease). 5 Therapeutic animals can help them cope with this transition because they serve as unconditional companions. Canines, for instance can be trained to assist the disable with their regular day routines; they can guide the blind, perform police/ armed service work.6 or serve as medical alerts. Animals can help in many different ways. (The next topic “Service Animals” further discuss more details) Domestic animals aren’t the only therapeutic animals; horses can also provide us with therapeutic assistance. The Equine-Assisted Psychotherapy (EAP) is a specialized form of psychotherapy using horses. The size of the horse communicates power; it commands respect and elicit fear; therefore helps the patient understand those characteristics and thus they can relate to their behavior creating a relationship of trust and love. This would help the patient over come interpersonal or external fears at first; that helps the person to socialize better with other humans.7
“There is an array of resources in the Animal-Assisted Interaction literature revealing that patients have been able to outcome their fears and express their feelings of motivation and conflicts when they have been exposed to the presence of an animal. Animals are also a social mediator, they allow the pet owner feel comfort around others and stimulates conversations easily.8”
Companionship Therapy animals are the alternative antidote to depression, they help maintain a physical activity and develop social skills. 9
Motivation Canines can also serve as a motivator. They help build our self-esteem, confidence, and improve our social interaction and interpersonal effectiveness.
Social Support “According to Pentagon figures, some experts predict that the number of returning soldiers eventually requiring mental health treatment could exceed 100,000.” 3
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SERVICE ANIMALS A service animal can help a person with his or her stamina because the dog is trained to perform tasks that a disable person can’t achieve alone. The service animal can open and close doors and drawers, pull clothes on and off, pick up and handle dropped items, it can help a person stand up after a fall, it can even carry groceries1. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), part of the Health Department and Human Services, states that about 33.8% of adults and 17% (or 12.5 million) of children of the age of 2-19 years are obese. 2 For the past 20 years, obesity rates in the United States have increase at a dramatic rate, and are growing more every year. In 2010 no state had an incidence of obesity less than 20%. 36 states had 25% index of obesity and 12 of these states (Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and West Virginia) had a prevalence of 30% or more. 3 These animals are perfect for people with obesity because they can improve the level of physical activity. They require care, exercise, and they also need to be groomed; therefore the person will have to engage on those responsibilities. That way the person gets to exercise in a healthier and moderated manner. These animals are also mediators to social integration; they motivate the owner and others to engage in a conversation easily; the presence of an animal can reduce any stress or anxiety and helps the person to remain relaxed around others. If the person requires of a personal medical assistant, an animal assistant
can save the person money because they are available 24 hours at no cost. When the disable is left alone, there is no worry; the animal will provide safety and security at all times.4
ANIMAL ASSISTED THERAPY (AAT) According to the American Psychological Association, Alzheimer is a chronic brain disease where a person’s cognitive abilities gradually deteriorate4. Dogs can help those with attention-deficit problems5. For instance, in a nursing home where Alzheimer patients reside can be difficult sometimes for nurses to get the attention of the patient; So if a nurse calls the patient, the dog immediately will direct his attention to the nurse; therefore the patient will also copy the animal and will acknowledge the nurse requiring his/her attention. The American with Disability Act (ADA) defines a service animal as a working animal trained to do work or perform tasks for a person with disabilities. A service animal can do so much for a disable person; for instance: A dog can guide a blind person, alert a deaf person, pull a wheelchair, open doors to allow accessibility, alert and protect the person previous to a seizure and during the event, remind a person with a mental illness to take his medication, and calm a person who suffers of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during the anxiety attack.6
30
ANIMAL MEDICAL ASSISTANT Numbers of Animal Service Centers in the United States:
We st : South w e st : Mi d w e st : South e ast : N orth e ast :
21
32 14 36 27 21
36 27
32 14
The Delta Society provides a directory list of Service Animal Trainers and Training Program in the United States.
WA (4) OR (3)
ND (1)
MT (1) ID (3)
WY (1)
CO (3)
CA (16) AR (5)
CT (2)
SD (1)
HI (3)
WI (5)
NE (1) KS (5)
MO (5)
1OK (1)
NM (3) TX (5)
AK (1)
MI
MN (5)
MA (3)
MI (5)
IL (2)
IN (3)
NY (5) NJ (2)
PA (7)
OH (3)
VA (4)
KY (3)
NC (5) GA (4)
LA (1) FL (7)
DE (1) MD (1)
Not all of these Animal Service Centers provide all the trainings altogether due to lack of resources, specialized trainers, and fundings.
Service Animals Training: -
A U TI SM C A N C ER A N D B I O D E T E C T ION C OGN I TI V E D I A BETI C H Y P O A LE R T GU I D E H E AR I N G A LE R T M ED I C AL A LE R T / R E S P O N SE M O BI L I TY P SYC H I AT R I C T H E R A P Y S EI SU R E A LE R T / R E S P O N S E S KI L L ED C O MP A N I O N S O C I AL T H E R A P Y
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CASE STUDIES
Animal Center
Chula Vista, CA Architects: Jackson Ryan Architects
Outdoor: The perfect climate condition of Souther California permits to allocate the kennels outside the facility. The exposure to nature stimulates the animals to live with no distress. In addition to the landscape, trellised walkways help to block direct sun light into the kennels.
Animal Center
Austin, TX Architects: Jackson Ryan Architects
LOBBY
STRAY CATS
ADMINISTRATION
Certification: LEED Gold
COURTYARD
VETERINARY CLINIC
SERVICE AREA QUARANTINE DOGS
STRAY DOGS
DOGS
STRAY DOGS
DOGS
STRAY DOGS
CATS
Courtyard great for natural lighting and transition from public to private.
Private Areas (Administraion and Animal Clinic Department)
Adoptable pets placed near courtyard allows them to breath fresh air and be closer to nature.
Service Public Area Semi-Private
36
Up s t a t e Ve t e r i n a r y Specialists & Animal Emergency Clinic Greenville, South Carolina
Animal Arts Design Studios
Drs. Jevens and Allen opened their veterinary facility of 12,760 sf. in 2002. A year later, they received a Hospital of the Year Award. In less than four years later, they expanded the facility with an additional area of 16,000 sf. due to the increased of patients, the need of room for the new cancer management core they wanted to incorporate to their practice, and the addition of new staff members.
The Atrium at the Oncology and Specialty Entrance not only provide natural light into the building but also serves as a landmark and invites clients into the building.
Services: Orthopedic Neurology General Surgery Minimally Invasive Fluoroscopy Ultrasound Endoscopy Chemotherapy Radiation Therapy Digital Radiography CT MRI Lodiner-131
Features: Natural Light: Two towering atrium were incorporated, one in the specialty area and one in the oncology area. Man-made Features: A seven-feet of tall stone
sculpture with water elements were placed in each atrium area to provide users a sense of calmness. Pocket Parks: Three pocket Parks used to exercise pets in different areas to avoid overwelming among animals. Multiple Receptions Areas: A way to ease traffic flow allowing thus to personalized interaction between clients and staff.
Team and Cost: Owner: Dermot, Jevens, DVM and Keith Alen, DVM Building Size: 26,204 sqf. Hospital Team: Veterinary Specialists: 40 FT Animal Emergency Clinic: 20 FT/18 PT Number of Spaces: 49 Hospital Indoors Number of Cages: 96 Number of Parking Spaces: 56 Construction Cost: $2,800,000.00 (excluding landscaping and parking lot) Site Improvement Fees: $100,000.00 Professional Fees: $230,000.00 Equipment Cost: $200,0000.00 Furnishing Cost: $30,000.00 Computer Cost: $25,000.00
38
A n i m a l Ho u s i n g Large areas with appropriate equipment to accommodate animals in groups keep animals in a wellbeing condition; and the aesthetic warming design attracts the public to potentially adopt a pet.
ANIMAL RESCUE LEAGUE OF IOWA Des Moines, IA
Mass-air-displacement eliminates airborne particles, contamination, and odors throughout the animals’ area. It reduces the risk of infections among animals.
METAIRIE SMALL ANIMAL HOSPITAL Metairie, LA
VETERINARY ORTHOPEDIC & SPORTS MEDICINE GROUP Annapolis Junction, MD
Video and remote digital monitoring system is implemented in selected animal areas to ensure the health and well-being of animals facing critical conditions, observes general activities, and serves as an education tool for students.
Full height dog enclosures with laminated glass in anodized aluminum frame prevent sound transmission;It reduces overstimulation and promotes better behavior.
POTTER LEAGUE FOR ANIMALS Middletown, RI
Animal environments that are easy to keep clean, sanitized, dried, and comfortable, help animals to live healthy and recover faster.
YORBA REGIONAL ANIMAL HOSPITAL Anaheim, CA
Elevating the animals to eye level contributes to immediate notice of the animal rather than placing them to the floor where sometimes people are more likely to walk with unawareness and, or sometimes don’t want to lean down due to uncomforting posture.
DENVER ANIMAL SHELTER Denver, CO
40
Ve t e r i n a r y S c h o ol the CLASSROOMS
CLINICALLY BASED LABORATORY BASED INSTRUCTION BASED
CONTROLLABLE AMPLE NATURAL LIGHT APPROPRIATE ARTIFICIAL LIGHT CLEAR SIGHTLINES FLEXIBLE ROOM LAYOUT TO ENHANCE GROUP INTERACTION COMPUTER NETWORK AND AUDIO VISUAL MEDIA FLEXIBLE FLAT-FLOORED CLASSROOMS TIERED DISCUSSION CLASSROOMS Core training lab, ICBR (4)
SEMINAR ROOMS COMPUTER TESTING ENVIRONMENT
1.Massachusetts Institute of Technology. | 2,3,5.University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, Biological Pharmaceutical Research and Teaching Complex. | 4.University of Florida, Genetics and Cancer Research Building Gainesville, Florida.
Flexible Teaching Laboratory (5)
Ve t e r i n a r y S c h o ol the LABORATORY
COMPUTER EQUIPMENT SKILL TRAINING EXAMINATION
+ OPERATIONS
TECHNICAL MONITORING AND TROUBLE SHOOTING SPACES SPACE FOR FACULTY SUPERVISING AND DEBRIEFING STUDENTS SUPPORT SPACES FOR : LOCKERS, SHOWERS, BREAK ROOMS
UNIVERSITY OF F
LO RI DA
UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
College of Pharmacy Biological Pharmaceutical Teaching and Research Complex.
Genetic Institute and Cancer ch Center
42
Canine Companion for Independence (CCI) is the largest non-profit organization in the nation. Founded in 1975, CCI is dedicated to changing the lives of people with disabilities giving them back their independence and joy as they cope with their conditions.
Front Desk
CCI helps place service dogs with children, adults, and veterans with disabilities free of charge, thanks to the donations from private contributors, grants and gifts from corporations and foundations, as well as the dedication of more than three thousand volunteers all over the nation.
National Headquarters and Northwest Regional Center Santa Rosa, CA www.cci.org
Administration Building Administration Building: Private offices are placed in the parameter of the building and shared cubical spaces are located in the center.
CCI has developed a great strategy to make their mission possible by creating the following programs:
Breeding Program: Volunteer caretakers for female breeders assist in the whelping and nurturing of the litters during the first 8 weeks. They work closely with CCI’s breeding and veterinary staff, and also attend meetings for support. Volunteer caretakers for the male dogs are responsible for bringing the dog to the facility at breeding time.
Agility Field
Puppy Raising: Volunteer puppy raisers care for the puppy from the age Veterinary Clinic
of 2 to 15 months. The puppy is then exposed to the real world and learns to socialize with humans and other animals. It also attends obedience classes for basic training CCI approved. Between the ages of 15 to 18 months, the puppy is required to return to a CCI center to receive advanced professional training where it masters over 40 commands in order to become a service dog. After the completion of these steps, the dog becomes a certified training dog ready to team up with the future owner, and enters the Team Training Phase, where the new owner attends training classes to learn how to bond with the dog to be able to adapt to his or her new companion.
Graduation Ceremony
3,544 Assistance Dogs placed since 1975.
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TYPES OF ASSISTANCE DOGS:
Service Dogs: Assist the disabled persons with daily tasks. Hearing Dogs: Alert the deaf from others and sounds. Facility Dogs: Work with a professional visiting medical and educational facility.
Maintenance
Skilled Companions: Works with children and adults suffering cognitive and developmental disabilities.
Kennel E
PARKING
Kennel C
PARKING
Play Yard
Play Yard
Kennel F
Kennel D
Training Gittinger Hall Dormitory
Program Agility Field
Kennel B
Vet Clinic
Administration
Kennel A PARKING
Dutton Ave.
ENTRY
Canine Companions for Independence NW Campus 2965 Dutton Ave. Santa Rosa, California 95407
“I used to be the kid in the wheelchair, Now, I’m the kid with the amazing dog.” -Cory and Skilled Companion Melly.
SPACES:
Administration Building:
Raising puppies, changing lives. Volunteer puppy raiser Joan and CCI puppy Syrah.
25 - 30 staff members
Dormitory Building:
10 Bedrooms 1 Community Living Area 1 Kitchen 1 Courtyard
Program Building:
20 staff members
Training Building:
12 - 15 Trainers
Veterinary Clinic:
For Tommy, help is a four-legged word. - Tommy and Service Dog Hiley.
1 Veterinarian 2 staff members
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Guide Dogs for the Blind (GDB) is a non-profit organization originally created in 1942 to aid veterans returning from WWII visually impaired. Up till 2011, they have matched 12,352 visually impaired students with guide dogs. About 63% of the dogs entering into the program graduate as guide dogs. The percentage of dogs left change careers and are given to other service animal organizations to be trained to aid people with physical or cognitive disabilities.
Guide Dogs Skills: - Leading a person in a linear direction from point A to point B. - Stopping when changes of elevations, curbs, and stairs occur. Licensed Master Guide Dog Mobility Instructor, Vanessa Lyens, and apprentice Kelsey, demonstrated how the guide dog, Leticia (a female yellow labrador retriver) alerts the visually impaired person by stopping once the dog approaches an obstacle that is in front of their path.
- Stopping at overhead obstacles. Avoiding any obstacles blocking their way.
1
1
PARKING
Kennel # 3
Kennel # 2
Breeding Kennel
Carport
Los Ranchitos Road.
Administration
Kennel # 1
Receiving Kennel
Whelping Kennel
Breeding
Puppy Testing
Dormitory Building
Kennel # 5
2
Boarding Kennel
Kitchen/ Locker
Employee Lounge
Puppy Kennel
Apt/ICU
Kennel Computer
Bathing
2
1
Vet Clinic
3
Carport
Training
ge
1
ra Sto
4
Maint.
Pool
6
5
6
Guide Dogs for the Blind
350 Los Ranchitos Rd. San Rafael, CA 94903.
The complex facility sits in an 11 acre site, and
1 Relieving Area / Staff / Visitor / Boarding
is composed of:
2 No Adult Traffic Permitted 3 Restricted Area / Limited To Specific Population
An Administration Building, A Kennel Building,
4 Free Run Paddock / Training
A Student Residence,
5 Free Run Paddock / Staff and Visitors
A Veterinary Clinic
6 Free Run Paddock / Training / Class / Client
A Volunteer Center 48
PARKING
eer unt Vol ter n e C
Breeding and Whelping Kennel: The pregnant female dog is brought to the campus a week before her litter of puppies is due. The kennel is equipped with cameras to monitor their living events in case prompt response is needed during the whelp. The puppies stay in these kennels with their mothers for 6 weeks. Hard surface, such as concrete, isn’t an acoustic solution to the barking.
Puppy Kennel: The puppies stay in this kennel when they are 6 weeks old for 2 weeks while they wait to be placed with their “Raiser Family”. The Raiser family is responsible for socializing the puppy within society. Meanwhile, the puppy must receive basic obedience training. The kennel has both interior and exterior run, thus allowing puppies to natural air.
Training Kennel: The Raiser Family returns the puppy when it reaches 14 to 18 months so it can receive formal “Guide Dog Training”. This training takes 2 to 3 months.
The training equipment needs proper storage room to avoid material deterioration.
Parking Spaces: Parking space is an important factor for this type of building size. Not only it is needed for the vehicles that belong to the organization and employees, but volunteers and visitors must also be considered, a concern that becomes especially prevalent during graduation, when up to 300 - 500 visitors can be present in a single day.
Water: A critical factor in this facility is the water consumption. Due to the vast amount of water use in washing rooms, landscape upkeep, and the constant cleaning of the kennels, they should consider installing a water recycling system for the gray water.
Lighting: Another suggestion for this facility would be the implementation of solar panels to save energy consumption.
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The Student Residence is going to be renovated with better environmental qualities applying principles of LEED certification components; such as: Community Orientation ADA mobility Landscaping Water and Energy Efficiency Recycling Materials Indoor Environmental Qualities
Student Room has direct access to the outside covered dog relieving area and the courtyard.
The Lounge area inside the residence building unites the students and their dogs, creating a sense of community and connection.
is a nonprofit organization founded in 1868 whose mission is to serve and rescue homeless, ill, and disadvantaged animals. Funded entirely by outside donations, the SF SPCA works with the community to educate others in an effort to reduce numbers of unwanted pets and provide animals with loving, nurturing homes. In addition to the medical care and rescue of animals, the organization also seeks to foster a strong animal-human bond, where both animals and people can benefit from each other’s company. This is accomplished through behavior training for animals as well as classes for potential pet adopters, the
primary goal being the happiness and livelihood of pets and their families.
HARRISON ST.
ALABAMA ST.
D
16TH ST.
C B
P
A
P FLORIDA ST.
52
14TH ST.
ALAMEDA ST.
15TH ST.
TREA T ST .
A
VETERINARY HOSPITAL
1. The Veterinary Building receives a good amount of clients on a daily basis. Due to the density of cases, a high density file system is a good solution to save valuable floor space.
1
2. The waiting area is located in the center of the exam rooms, thus facilitating immediate access when the patient is called. The circular seating allows less contact among the animals in case some dogs aren’t well behaved when interacting with others. 3. The waiting room inside the Spay/Neuter Clinic has two seating areas, separating cats and dogs. 4. The emergency veterinary clinic is adjacent to the surgical rooms and has 6 stations.
3
2
4
B
ADOPTION CENTER
1
1. The design concept for the Adoption Area was implemented to assign adoptable pets their own room, which is large enough to accommodate up to 3 pets and 4 persons in the room. On the back wall, the supplied air is provided from the ceiling and exhaust air is pulled out low by the drain located a foot from the floor.
4
2. The U-shape of the rooms creates a central area where dogs are placed when their rooms are being cleaned.
2
3. There are kennel runs for stray animals that aren’t ready for adoption. Due to the risks of pathogens, this area has its own air system. As can be seen in the image, plumbing is very important in kennels due to the constant cleaning.
5
4. Some rooms have operable windows to allow natural light and ventilation. 5. Food Storage must be kept in containers that will prevent contamination from rodents and insects.
3
6. Hand sanitizer dispensers are required and must be used before and after handling animals to prevent disease transmissions. Each room and aisle has water drains.
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6
C
EDUCATION & TRAINING CENTER The education training center offers opportunities for different types of programs engaging the community and youth. A computer station is found near the entry of the adoption areas to allow visitors to look up information about the adoptive pets. The training center offers dog behavioral training to the community.
D
DELIVERIES The facility has several storage rooms that are large enough for storing large equipment, pet food, medical supplies and other essential supplies. These rooms are big enough to fit large trucks.
S I T E A NA LYS I S
L O CAT ION
Sorrento Valley is an industrial neighborhood, consisting on major corporations of scientific research and biotechnology laboratories, offices, industrial services, and small clean manufacturing incubator industries and businesses. To the South is UCSD, to the North is the Johnson & Johnson L.L.C., to the West is the Salk Institute and the Scripps Clinic, and to the East is the T-mobile, a Scripps Clinic, and the Qualcom Co. According to the Torrey Pines Community Plan, one of the goals is to encourage the consistency of corporations for scientific research and to provide land opportunities with environmental considerations. The proposed facility collaborates to such a need. It will enhance and restore the natural open space by improving the sidewalk on Sorrento Valley Rd. for both pedestrians and bicyclists; as well as creating additional landscaped islands along Sorrento Valley Road.
STATE AND CITY MAP
The site is located in the northern coastal region of the City of San Diego in the Sorrento Valley Neighborhood. It is 14 miles north from Lindberg Field International Airport and San Diego Downtown. Adjacent to the site there the Specialty Veterinary Hospital and the UC Davis School of Veterinary. Locating the proposed Human-Animal Interaction Research Center would be ideal thus both can work in collaboration to provide and interchange studies. REGIONAL MAP
The proposed site has an area of 425,000 sf. SITE
The site sits between the Freeway 805 and Sorrento
RESIDENTIAL
COMMERCIAL
Valley Rd., about 3/4 mile from Freeway 5. In addition, the Sorrento Coaster Station is also located 3/4 miles from the site.
SITE MAP
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SITE CONTE XT SITE MAP SITE So
rr
en
to
Va
lle
yR
d.
Site Bike Lane Pedestrian Lane Vehicle Circulation Drainage Line
dirt path
opportunity to make it the entry to the site
RAMP
1
Image 1 shows the view to the rear of the Veterinary Specialty Hospital, which is adjacent to the site. There is an existing dirt path that can be used to connect the vehicular circulation from the animal hospital into the site. In image 2, the fence encloses the site at 25 feet from the 805 highway.
SEWER
2
summer
winter
W E SUN PATH
WIND CIRCULATION
Aerial North View: The chosen site sits on a hill that changes elevation, the yellow plane shown in this picture is the only area that appears to be flat. The green planes indicates the depression.
SITE
A driver’s view going north on Sorrento Valley Rd.
Sorrento Valley Road
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Environmental Constrains
RATTLESNAKES
The environmental constrains found on the site were: - Rattlesnakes - Sage scrub - Exposed electric cable, and - Loud buffer noise from the 805 highway.
ELECTRIC CABLE
SCRUB SAGE (CHAPARRAL)
Site Images WEST VIEW
San Diego Coaster runs on Sorrento Valley Road.
View from Sorrento Valley Road
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DE S IG N A P P ROAC H
. . . .T Y P O L O G Y
HUMAN & CANINE INTERACTION RESEARCH CENTER The proposed thesis is intended to develop advanced scientific research regarding human and canine interaction studies. It will provide the disabled community in San Diego County with the unique and fascinating experience of working with service and therapy dogs. And finally, it will contribute medical alert and bio-detection dogs to medical facilities in the region. This Organization has a multi-use typology of the following buildings in the following orden:
- Residential Building
- Placement Training School
- Human - Canine Administration + Community Volunteer Center
- School of Canine Stuies
- Medical and Psychotherapy Reseach Center
- Breeding & Boarding Center
70
.... A NA LYS I S
PLACE QUALITY
CONDITIONAL FACTORS
Public/Private, Open & Flexible Spaces, Natural Views, Interactive Circulation, Therapeutic Spaces, Peaceful Environment, Warming and Comfortable Material, Aesthetically Pleasant, Cognitive Clarity.
Controlled Ample Natural Light, Controlled Natural Ventilation, Contact with Nature Air Quality, Thermal Systems Sound Control.
CRITICAL CONDITIONS
CHALLENGES
Space Enclosures, Sensory, Environment Cognitive Structure, Sanitation.
Division of Departments, Environmental Health Conditions, Fomite Control, Population Management,
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ENVIRONMENT The proposed facility must provide the following attributes to the built environment:
Acoustic: Well insulated rooms are essential in private rooms where service animal training takes place,
conference rooms, and other spaces where there is high frequency of sound.
ADA: Design addressing aging and physical/mental disabilities including disoriented impaired residents. Select
appropriate materials, colors, textures, and patterns without distorting residents with impaired residents.
Flexibility: Due to the rapid changes of needs and technology, in research, health, or therapeutic facilities it is important to design flexible spaces to accommodate the changes of different advances.
Sanitation: is extremely important. Animal areas require constant sanitation. Facility must remain free of environmental contamination thus it won’t affect humans’ health.
Privacy: Private areas required surveillance of media monitoring to protect the welfare of the animals and users.
Public: Provide an area for recreational activity events for the community. Quality: Warm welcoming accommodations to the users and visitors to reflect comfort, care and compassion for the animals.
Safety: The balance of public and private spaces provides users to feel secure and in good emotional state. Security: The Health Insurance Portability and Accessibility Act enforces security and privacy of protected health information. Therefore, administrative spaces must be well secured.
Sustainability: It is mandatory to conserve energy and water. Recycling and conservation is not longer an option.
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SPACES Private
Confidentiality
Public
Confidentiality
Private
Compartment
Partition
Flexibility
Private In the canines’ living area, dogs, just like humans, need their privacy. Some dogs need to be separated from others to avoid arousal and conflict of anxiety.
Also, puppies need to be placed away from adults when they are under 20 weeks old due to their immune systems are susceptible to diseases.
Animals must be separated considering their age, gender, health, predator prey status, and temperament behavior.
Privacy is required in the surgical areas of the Veterinarian Medical Department; and therapeutic areas from the Psycho therapeutic and Research Department also require privacy for confidentiality and safety.
It is very important to keep incoming strayed dogs from well behaved dogs due to any behavioral or health issues they might have.
CONNECTIONS & CIRCUCALITON Break Point
Central Point
Exploration
.....Human seek for biological changes
In some training areas, where Service Animals are being trained, it’s important to provide privacy as dogs need concentration to learn their skills.
visit more often and feel encourage to sponsor a dog. Lobbies and courtyards will allow socialization of building users and visitors by providing environmental comfort.
Public
In regards the Educational Department, in classrooms where the public and their pets are being taught, the level of privacy is moderate.
Adoptable animals can be exposed to contact with the public. Harmonious spaces and warm welcoming spaces are essentially important to encourage visitors to 78
.... E N V I RON M E N TA L ASSESSMENT
Relationships
Communication
Natural settings in classrooms are important to have as nature is a medicine to the soul, enhances activate human’s cognition of learning, stimulates and alert the brain, and encourages collaborative relationship with others
her own interpretation of the ambient environmental.
Designers need to understand from all different perspectives the actions that a person can possibly take when being exposed to environmental spaces they are creatPeople tend to follow on schematic ing. aspects of familiar representations. This is known as the environmen- Another important design aptal cognition, the acquisition of proach is the cognitive structure, what a spatial factor and stressor which is the study of way-findings variables produces. Automatically, and the environmental condition a person can develop a cognitive of a place; that would lead us to map of a place they frequent; or the cognitive mechanism of cognieven if they’ve only been exposed tive clarity and behavioral responsto it once, they can recall the enes. For instance, the clarity of vironmental assessments of the way-finding will cause the person place. This is why it’s important to circulate the space easily; and that any structural or not structur- thus, the person will feel pleasant al design influences those environ- and comfortable around others. It mental assessments, which are the is essentially important to pay atfeelings of arousal pleasure and tention to the cognitive structure potency, these factors causes the because people are in need of the person to react according to his or cognitive clarity.
Break Point
Accessibility
The physical conditions of a place, which implies spatial factors and stressor variables (i.e. constrains, isolation, glare, noise) promotes a person to behave according to what these cognitive mechanisms are.
dog’s vision in order to prevent them from boredom.
For the therapeutic settings, the combination of exploration and moderation of freedom, as well as safety must be provided. The metamorphic variants in these wayfinding areas will provide visual unity and variety of navigation.
In connection nodes, applying natural features, such as courtyards and water features will allow the person to transition and pause for a moment to put their thoughts together before proceeding to perform their tasks. That implies to the users. But for the public, these nodes will give them a warm feeling of safety and security. They will be more likely to release their distresses, if any, and will be able to interact with the employees and or other visitors.
In corridors or areas where dogs are being trained, black and white colors will help them remain focus.
In regards to dogs, they have 10 times more sensitive sensory system than humans. And like children, they are genuine and require emotional support. Therefore, spaces of exploration are encouraged to keep them healthy psychologically. Colors are other matters; for instance, the patterns of black and white are colors that stimulate 82
....LOGICA L AT T R I BU T E S
WORKING AREAS
Building Attributes: Provide an ample lobby room for public interaction and socialization among patients and their dogs. Provide private offices with courtyards for psychotherapists.
“Pets accept people for who they are� -Linus.
Use of non-institutional materials, providing color, texture and patterns suitable to the patients and their pets is of major importance.
Adequate sound insulation and acoustic privacy is required in all spaces that inquires confidentiality.
Windows and views to outdoor spaces and natural elements are the cure to help the soul. Therefore they are requiered to have.
Provide appropriate furnishing to the patients and their pet.
Designing cognitive clarity (wayfindings) give the patient control over visual privacy and living environment. Minimizing distance of necessary travel between spaces of frequent circulation is important.
Ample natural lighting balanced with artificial lighting. Provide easy access to indoor/outdoor areas. Provide break room with courtyard to give a better environment to employees, specially for those working longer hours.
STRATEGIES & MODIFICATIONS
COGNITIVE CLARITY
BEHAVIORAL FACTOR
WAY FINDINGS
VARIABLE RESPONSES
ENVIRONMENTAL
VISUAL ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMENT
ASSESSMENT Land Uses
Aesthetic Perceptions
Land Form
Climate Temperature Comfort
Feature Attractions
Control of Territoriality
Distance from the Viewer
Enclosure and Separation
Seasonal Variation
Evaluation of Behavior
Context of Likely Visibility
Existing Environmental Context
Compatibility with Adjacent Environments
Sound Control Strategies and Modification COGNITIVE STRUCTURE
SPACIAL FACTOR
ENVIRONMENTAL COGNITION
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION
KNOWLEDGE
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BEHAVIOR
EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES
Building Attributes: In some training areas where service animals are being trained, it’s important to provide privacy as dogs need concentration to learn their skills; specially dogs being trained as Medical Bio-Alert and Service Assistance Canines. Classrooms where the general public is receiving educational training must have ample natural lighting, views and transition to natural settings. Sensory is a critical condition in these areas as there would be times where both humans and animals mix together in the learning process. Good management of the conditional factors (Light, Air quality, sensory, and thermal systems) is the key to improve learning and provide comfort to all users. Natural settings in classrooms are important to have as nature is a medicine to the soul, enhances and activate human’s cognition of
learning, stimulates and alert the brain, and encourages collaborative relationship with others. The use of large windows enhances the perception of space within a unit. However, location of these opening views must be free of distraction or distortions. Stimulation of senses: colors and patterns, appealing textures, scents and sound, reduction obnoxious noise and smells. The quality of materiality used in these settings must provide warm and comfort to give familiarity and security to all users. Resilient materials and reduction of glare must be carefully examined previous to final decisions.
VETERINARY FACILITY
Building Attributes: Multiple equipment rooms are necessary throughout the entire facility, but more in animal handling areas.
Sufficient space must be provided to all operational areas: intake, examination, holding, adoption, isolation, treatment, food storage, laundry, and euthanasia.
Non-porous surfaces must be used in all animal areas. For flooring, a sealed or impermeable surface is ideal in animal areas. Equipment rooms are frequently accessed in animal areas; therefore they must be readily accessible to those handling animals.
Self-contained rooms is the new improved way to replace traditional kennels, as it contributes to noise abetment, and keeps animal healthy, well behave, and free of distress.
Janitorial rooms must also be placed closed to animal areas for cleaning is constantly happening and objects for the animals must be readily disinfected or discarded, as they are frequently used (belts, muzzles, toys, food, bedding, etc).
Self-contained enclosures are also required in the receiving area because every animal that arrive the facility must first go through a health and behavior evaluation before they can be grouped with others. No exception at all. The adequate noise level in animal areas is of 45dBA (which is equivalent to what a human dwelling standard is). All animal areas must be easy to maintain and free of any hazardous exposure. 88
VETERINARY FACILITY
Building Attributes: Organizational plan of medical and surgical care must be relatively adjacent to the receiving area in parallel to the animal living areas. Design knowing the impact of environment on recovery for the treated animals. Create a warm environment to reassure familiar elements for the animal in recovery. Select appropriate materials, colors, textures, and patterns without distorting the cognitive of animals. Provide easy access to outdoor landscaping for both medics and recovered animals. Provide the professional users with control over privacy and accessibility to their personal needs.
z
zz
z
“ANIMALS MUST BE KEPT AWAY FROM ELECTRO MAGNETIC WAVES�
KENNEL AREA
Building Attributes: Adequate size of primary enclosure of animals are required, taking in consideration the separation of sleeping areas and feeding areas must be separated from areas for urination and defecation.
from the rest of the facility due to canine respiratory pathogens are easily transmitted through air circulation.
Light:
Light, either natural or artificial, and darkness must support the circadian rhythms of wakefulness and sleep.
Sensory: Animal sleeping areas must be away from electromagnetic equipment. Temperature: Ambient temperature must be kept above 60 F and below 80 F; and relative humidity should range from 30% to 70%.
Appropriate size and scale. Proportions with natural lights and views to natural elements.
Noise: The sound level in
Provide showers and locker rooms for animal handlers.
animal facilities usually exceeds 100dB, which is a physical stressor that affects not only humans but more to animals. Therefore, noise absorption materials are required.
Identify landmarks to indicate destination spaces and calculate distances.
Air Quality: Ventilation sys-
Areas must be partitioned in accordance to status of the animal (health, age, gender, specie, temperament, and predator-prey status) Provide an environment that is conducive to keep animals healthy.
tem and air quality monitoring is a critical factor depending on level of animal capacity.
Isolation: Isolated areas must have a separated air circulation
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PROGR A M
....HIER A RCH Y
USERS
Primary Users
Secondary Users
Administrative Personnel
Interns/Volunteers
Animal Behavioral Scientists
Groomers
Animal Care Providers
Maintenance Personnel
Animal Trainers
Miscellaneous Commercial
Human Behavioral Scientists
Volunteers Adoptive Families
Psychologists/Therapists
Retailers
Rescued Animals
Other Users
Service Animals (AAT/AAA) Veterinarians Veterinarian Technicians
Public/Visitors/Patients
COMMUNITY OUTREACH USERS
1. Administration Department’s Employees: • • • • • • •
Department • School President
5. Science Department:
Program Director Media and Communication Director Director Assistants (2) Vice-President Coordinator Receptionists (for each The Administration Bldng. & the Community Center) ITT Specialist Janitor Director
• Vice-President Scientific Officer • Forensic Scientists: (2) Oncologists Doctors + (2) Endocrinologists Doctors • Medical Director • Vice-President Veterinarian • Veterinarians (2) • Veterinarian Technicians (3)
2. Behavioral Department: • •
6. Service Animal Educators:
Animal Behaviorist Scientist Social Director (Adoption Dept.)
• Vice-President Animal Behaviorists (1) • Animal Behaviorist (4) (for Animal Service Dogs – mobility, hearing, guide, medical alert, social therapy)
3. Medical & Therapeutic Professionals: • Behavioral Psychologist Director • Psychologists (2)
7. Social Intervention: • •
4. Public Education: •
Director of Education 96
Chief of Social Services Human Resource President
PUBLIC / PRIVATE
1. Residential Building + Placement Training School 2. Human - Canine Administration Bldng. + Community Volunteer Center 3. School of Canine Studies
4. Medical & Psychotherapy Research Center
5. Breeding & Boarding Center
PRIVATE PUBLIC SEMI PRIVATE PRIVATE PRIVATE
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ESSENTIAL SPACES
Auditorium Boarding Kennels Classroom (AAT Training) Clinical Stations Commercial Spaces Conference Rooms Courtyards Emergency Clinic Individual Offices Laboratory Lobby
Lounge Areas Maintenance Rooms Pet Kennels Plaza Public Classrooms Public Dog Park Private Pet Courtyards Private Therapeutic Gardens Service Rooms Shared Offices Storage/Equipment Closets
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DESCRIPTION OF SPACES
1.0 Classrooms 1.1 Location: The classrooms need to be located in a private quiet zone because canines require concentration to learn their useful skills to help people with disabilities.
c) Good acoustic must be provided to avoid reverberant noises and loud noises from outside the classrooms.
1.2 Accessibility:
d) Manual Geo-Exchange Active and Passive HVAC systems are appropriate for these areas.
a) Only primary users are allowed in this area at any time, but the public will needs supervision to access during tour hours. Flexible and open plan layouts are essentially required as changes would constantly occur.
e) Natural elements are to be visible to stimulate the cognition and encourage shared learning and collaboration.
b) Classrooms are to be placed near to the public main entry to prompt access the classrooms when classes are conducted during not operational hours. c) Clarity Cognition.
1.3 Environmental Factor: a) A good source of natural lighting is critical to have in all classrooms. b) Adequate temperature also plays an important role to provide comfort at all times.
1.4 Levels: Three level building will accomodade lecture classrooms in the second and third level. Classrooms where dogs are going to be trained will be placed in the first level adjacent to outdoor access.
2.0 Conference Rooms 2.1 Location: Conference rooms will be distributed as each department in the complex requires these spaces; and they should be placed far from animal kennels or busy areas of circulation.
verberant noises and loud noises from outside the room. d) Manual control of active and passive GeoExchange HVAC systems.
2.2 Accessibility:
e) Natural elements are to be visible to stimulate the cognition.
a) These rooms needs to be placed near the office spaces.
f) Windows must have views that won’t cause distraction.
b) Some conference rooms, specially the large rooms must be placed in an area where there isn’t much circulation as meetings of higher importance are conducted not only by the primary users but together with guests visiting.
2.4 Levels: Conference rooms would be mostly located in the first level.
c) Clarity Cognition.
2.3 Environmental Factor: a) Moderate source of natural lighting is critical for these spaces. b) Adequate temperature also plays an important role to provide comfort at all times. c) Good acoustic must be provided to avoid re-
102
DESCRIPTION OF SPACES
3.0 Courtyards & Gardens
4.0 Laboratory
3.1 Location:
4.1 Location:
Courtyards will be located in between buildings and therapy areas to serve as an outdoor extension of the interior areas and gardens in all the public and private areas of the building.
There are two types of laboratories placed in the Medical & Psychotherapy Reseach Center. In these laboratories professionals will elaborate studies and the training of bio-detector dogs.
3.2 Accessibility: a) Courtyards will provide node connectors in the complex building where users transition from one building to the other. b) Courtyards are to be accessible from circulation areas such as lobbies and lounge areas but also accessible from their respective uses (therapy rooms, offices, classrooms)
3.3 Environmental Factor: Water collected by strategically placed planters from courtyards and green roofs/terraces will be collected and filtered for reuse.
3.4 Levels: There will be Roof Gardens in some of the buildings.
4.2 Accessibility: a) Only professionals in the field of animal and human science are allowed to access these spaces. b) Ample circulation around these areas is critical to these spaces.
4.3 Environmental Factor: a) Proportions with natural indirect lights and views to natural elements are essential. b) Provide users with control over privacy control. c) Manual control of active and passive GeoExchange HVAC systems.
4.4 Levels: Level 1
5.0 Medical Rooms 5.1 Location: These spaces are like the heart of the building because these is where dogs that belong to the organization will receive proper medical care; therefore it needs to be located close to where the animals reside.
d) Active Solar System e) Grey Water and Desalinization/ Water Recycling System f) Water Filtration System
5.2 Accessibility:
5.4 Levels:
a) Due to different emergency cases and events, it is essentially important that the entries, circulations, and way-findings have a clear cognitive.
Level 1
b) These area needs its own main entry to serve emergency responses and when the public needs to enter into the building. c) Path of Egress
5.3 Environmental Factor: a) Ample open layout due to large equipments and the retention of treated canines. b) Moderate Natural Light. c) Active controlled HVAC system.
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DESCRIPTION OF SPACES
6.0 Offices
7.0 Janitorial Rooms
6.1 Location:
7.1 Location:
Offices are needed in each building department.
Janitorial rooms are needed in every single building.
6.2 Accessibility:
7.2 Accessibility:
a) Some single offices need to be places in private areas as they are assigned to a hierarchy of professionals. These areas must be access near or close to the Path of Egress areas.
a) These rooms need to be located in the back house. b) They need to be free of obstacle and away from public circulation
b) Shared offices need to be closed to circulation areas as the primaries users are moving actively throughout the building.
7.3 Environmental Factor:
c) Path of Egress
a) Safety is very critical for these spaces as hazardous materials are storage in those areas.
6.3 Environmental Factor: a) Ample natural light. b) Active and passive controlled HVAC system. c) ADA accommodations.
6.4 Levels: Level 1 & 2.
b) Enough room is provided to the plumbing and distribution of grey water to the recycling room.
7.4 Levels: Mostly all levels
8.0 Restrooms
9.0 Storage Rooms
8.1 Location:
9.1 Location:
They are placed near the lobby and lounge areas.
They are placed relatively near to all working areas.
8.2 Accessibility:
9.2 Accessibility:
a) ADA accommodations
a) In the Veterinary Clinic these rooms are needed to storage pharmaceutical medicine, equipment, and surgical supplies.
b) Large restrooms are assigned in areas of large occupancy areas involving the public.
b) In the Medical & Psychotherapy Research Center, storage is needed for equipments and supplies of experimental matters.
c) Medium restrooms with lockers are assigned to the Breeding & Boarding Ceter only primary users can use them (veterinarians, technicians, and scientists, dog care volunteer staff)
c) In the educational buildings, various storage rooms are needed for office supplies and to storage training equipments/furniture.
d) Every building has public and private restrooms
d) In the Kennel area, two main storage rooms are needed: One to storage:clean equipments, towels, and toys; and the other one to storage food only.
8.3 Environmental Factor: Grey water recycling system is installed
8.4 Levels:
9.3 Environmental Factor:
All levels
a) Good room temperature is required in the food storage room to avoid the spoiling of food and pathogen transmission.
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DESCRIPTION OF SPACES
b) Fomite control
c) Rodent/Pest Control
c) Rodent/Pest Control
d) Grey water recycling system
9.4 Levels:
e) Active Solar System
Most levels
10.4 Levels:
10.0 Wash Rooms
Level 1 and 2.
10.1 Location:
11.0 Kennel Areas
They are placed relatively near to all working areas.
11.1 Location:
10.2 Accessibility: In the Veterinary Clinic, the laboratories, and the Boarding area, these rooms are needed to disinfect and sanitize all type of equipments and objects that comes in contact with dogs (surgical utensils, muzzles, gloves, toys, carriers, bedding, towels, litter boxes, food bowls, and cleaning supplies)
10.3 Environmental Factor: a) These spaces must be connected to a HVAC Package Unit that is separated from other spaces due to organic debris and fomites. b) Fomite control System
They are placed relatively near to the receiving area, the veterinary clinic, and green grass areas.
11.2 Accessibility: a) There is a mix of users entering these spaces; hover, public users need to be monitored at all times. b) Animals must have direct access to green areas to release themselves. c) They need to have immediate access to washing rooms as sanitation cleaning is occurring constantly.
11.3 Environmental Factor: a) These spaces must be connected to a HVAC Package Unit that is separated from other spaces due to organic debris and fomites. b) Fomite control System c) Rodent/Pest Control d) Grey water recycling system e) Active Solar System
11.4 Levels: Level 1
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HUMAN - CANINE I N T E R AC T ION R ESE A RCH CENTER
R e s i d e n t i a l B u i l d i n g + P l a c e m e n t Tr a i n i n g S c h o o l
Human - Canine Administration Bldng. + C o m m u n i t y Vo l u n t e e r C e n t e r
School of Canine Studies
Medical & Psychot herapy Research Center
Breeding & Boarding Center
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