Cultural Stratigraphy of the Site Gradishte Near Pelince, Republic of Macedonia - Dejan Gjorgjievski

CULTURAL STRATIGRAPHY OF THE SITE GRADIŠTE NEAR PELINCE, REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Dejan S. Gjorgjievski National Institution Museum of Kumanovo, Republic of Macedonia e-mail: dejangorgievski@gmail.com Original research article Received: 29. 2. 2012. UDC: 902.62”637/638”(497.17) Accepted: 6. 7. 2012.

Abstract: The site Gradište is a typical hill fort with intensity of living from the Bronze Age. Already in the Late Bronze Age, the settlement which belonged to the Brnjica culture was destroyed and a strong fortiication was build. Due to its location, at the border zone between North, East and South Balkan, the culture developed there was under inluence both by Dardanians, Tribalians, Thracians and South Paeonian tribes.

Key words: Transitional period, Iron Age, Channelled pottery, Pottery decorated with false cord, Pottery decorated with rectangular impressions, Pčinja culture group, Dardanians, Paeonians, Thraco-Tribalian complex

Aпстракт: Локалитет Градиште је типично утврђење које је било интензивно насељено још у бронзаном добу. У касном бронзаном добу, насеље брњичке културе је уништено, после чега је добило јаку фортификацију. Због његовог положаја на граници између северног, источног и јужног Балкана, култура која се овде развила била је под утицајем дарданских, трибалских, трачких и јужнопеонских племена. Кључне речи: прелазни период, гвоздено доба, канелована керамика, керамика украшена лажним шнуром, керамика украшена правоуглим отисцима, пчињска културна група, Дарданци, Пеонци, трако-трибалски комплекс

Гласник Српског археолошког друштва

Journal of Serbian Archaeological Society 28 (2012) 7–30.

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The site Gradište near Pelince in Macedonia is situated on the left bank of the river Pčinja, only 5 km from the Serbian border, at the contact point between the small river Bistrica and Pčinja (Maps 1, 2). It is a hill fort (Fig. 1), and it was subject of small scale archaeological investigations for a last two decades (Георгиев 1991, 91–101; Ѓеорѓиевски 1992, 51– 68; Трајковска 1998, 5–30). In its close vicinity is another well known site – the Early Bronze Age “sanctuary” Dve Mogili (Трајковска 1995; 1999, 47–61; 2003, 289–297).

Map 1. The Pčinja Valley Карта 1. Долина Пчиње

The excavations conducted at the site, although very limited, offered basic information about horizontal and vertical stratigraphy. We can conclude that at the south half of the site, the rock appears very shallow, at only 1m depth (trenches II, III and XIV/08). On the other side, on the north half of the site, the rock appears at more than 2 m depth, so the intensity of living is much larger there.

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The site is located in the vicinity of the meeting point of two very important roads – the irst one, which is following the valley of Pčinja, is connecting South Morava valley with Pčinja, and therefore, the Vardar valley; and the other one is following the bank of Kriva Reka, connecting this region with Southwestern Bulgaria (the Strymon/Struma region). This is the reason why this site appears as a contact zone between the cultures that existed at all historical periods on the south of the Balkan Peninsula.

Map 2. The location of the site Карта 2. Положај локалитета

Fig. 1. Plan of the site Сл. 1. План локалитета

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Few chance inds of roman coins, speaks that even in the Roman period, a small part of the hill was in use for living. However, the irst archaeologically conirmed horizon of habitation is the early antique horizon (VI–V B.C.) Majority of pottery from this horizon belongs to the group known as early antique grey ware (Pl. I/1–11). This wheel-made type of pottery can be found on a large area – from Macedonia (Соколовска 1993, 141–148; Атанасова и Карпузова 2006, 115–139; Stokke 2009, 12–13) to Southern Serbia (Микулчић и Јовановић 1968, Т. XI–XVIII; Vukmanović i Popović 1982, 20 –202; Антић и Бабић 2005, 213–227; Popović 2003, 197–215; 2005, 166–167; 2006, 528; 2007, 131; 2009, 141–153), Eastern Kosovo (Dašić 1957, T. III 1; T. IV 1, 2; Srejović 1973, pl. III, ig. 5–7, 9; Ðurić 1970, 291), and Southwestern Bulgaria (Чангова 1981, 82–94).

Most of the pottery forms belongs to the large vessels with rims curved to the outside (Pl. I/1), cups with lat rim (Pl. I/4, 5), bowls with lat or curved to the inside rim, sometimes with dents on it (Pl. I/6, 9, 11). The ornamentation is minimal, with plastic ribs under the rim or on body (Pl. I/3, 10), and rarely, with stamped tear-like ornaments (Pl. I/8). One of the fragments has rectangular imprints, typical for hand-made poterry from the Iron Age period (Pl. I/7). It`s usefull to point that, among the wheel made grey wares, the hand made pottery with the Iron Age ornaments was still in use.

According to analogies with the other sites, we can determine this material in the V c. B.C. Smaller traces of house walls, build with stone are discovered in this horizon. They look modestly comparing with the buildings from Gradiste–Knezje (Matthews and Neidinger 2011, 15–17) or Kale–Krsevica (Popović 2006, 523–526), but again, they don’t need to be necessarily identiied as house-rooms, since we don’t have any traces of oven or column foundations.

Under this layer, few fragments of wheel made, ocher or red pottery was discovered. Mostly of those pieces are decorated with engraved, wavelike lines (Pl. I/12). Contemporary with them is a fragment which belongs to the so-called lower Vardar mat – painted pottery (Pl. I/13) (Митревски 1997, 119). Most of the pottery with this type of decoration is found in Gevgelia-Valandovo region (Митревски 1997, сл. 31). A few examples are discovered as a deposition in the necropolises along the Bregalnica river (Митревски 1997, 121). So far, the fragment from Pelince is the 10

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northernmost ind of lower Vardar mat – painted pottery, which is a typical pottery among the Paeonian communities on the south, dated in the second half of the VI c. B.C. Following the stratigraphy of the site, the previous horizon is the Iron Age horizon (VII c.B.C, HaC). Most common pottery shapes for this horizon are handmade bowls, often with smooth and solid surface, and with rims curved to the inside (Pl. II/3, 10, 11), large storage jugs (Pl. II/4, 5, 7), portable cooking vessels (pyranoi), kantharoid cups (Pl. II/8) and all the other representatives of house pottery. Most of the handles are horizontal, with circular proile (Pl. II/7), but there are few examples of vertical, triangular perforated handles (Pl. II/9). On some of the bowls, trapezoid handles on the rim also appears (Pl. II/11). Dominating ornaments for this period are rectangular impressions without groove (Pl. II/6, 7, 10, 11), made with special ceramic tool with tooth. This type of ornamentation is most recognizable for the Iron Age in the NE Macedonia (Гарашанин и Гарашанин 1959, 35, сл. 1–3, 11–12, 48; Микулчић 1959, сл. 6; Георгиев 1991, 94, 96, sl. 1, 2, 4; 1992, 109, 114, сл. 3–4; 1994, 21–23, T. II), S Serbia – Vranje – Bujanovac region, south of Grdelica (Vukmanović and Popović 1982, 204–206; Bulatović 2009, 63), Eаst Kosovo (Đurić 1970, 281–303) and the Upper Struma region – Pernik (Михайлов 2006, Т. V, 1, 2, 4–6, 8, 10–11, T. VI, 2, 12).

Another type of ornament is half-moon impression (Pl. II/3), appearing later than the previous (VII–VI c.B.C.). The half-moon ornament is attested on the same territory where rectangular impressions are located (Гарашанин и Гарашанин 1959, 35; Микулчић 1959, сл. 9; Георгиев 1994, 23–26; Булатовић 2007, T. LXXII, 4; T. LXXXI, 5; T. LXXXII, 21) but it can be found at Raskopanica – Plovdiv (Detev 1981, 147, ig. 58), Malkoto Kale – Varna (Домарадски и др. 1992, 36, obr. 17d), and Velika Morava valley (Stojić 1986, 52), as well.

Two fragments decorated with so-called tremolo lines, typical for the late phase of Basarabi culture or so-called Laniste II – Basarabi (Stojić 1986, 101–102) are also found in this layer (Pl. II/1, 2). This type of pottery can be found on a wide area north from Grdelica, but it also appears in SW Serbia – Buštranje, and Northern Macedonia – Volkovo (Stojić 2001, 185–191). So far, on none of the site dated in the VII century in the Pčinja or Bregalnica Valley, the tremolo pottery isn’t found, so, besides inds from Volkovo (Skopje), this is southernmost region with this examples.

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Few fragments are also unknown for this region – they are decorated with engraved geometrical motives, mostly parallel horizontal and vertical lines that frame triangles (Pl. II/4, 5). Majority of the pottery (especially the large, black plates) are channeled and facetted, horizontally or vertically (Pl. II/10).

So far, not a single foundation of the house from this period is discovered, although there is a large amount of house pottery.

The Early Iron Age horizon (IX – VIIIc. B.C., HaB1 – HaB3) is recognizable through bowls with inverted rims (Pl. III/1–3), jugs with rims curved to the outside (Pl. III/8), pyranoi, jugs with diagonally cut spout (Pl. III/4) etc. Almost 90 % of the fragments are ornamented with rows of rhomboid impresions in the groove - the fals cord ornament (Pl. III/3–5).

The fals cord is stamped on the inner side of the rims, the handles, the neck, and on the body of the dishes. Chronologically, it appears before the rectangular impressions, but it will be widely accepted, and it will be in use through the whole Iron Age (Георгиев 1994, 18–21).

There are fragments decorated with features that are untypical for this region. First, there are two fragments with „S“ stamps (Pl. III/1, 2), common for the classical Bassarabi pottery (Czybora 2005, 33–34, with bibliography), previously noticed on the neighboring iron age sites – Velja Strana – Rugince and Blidez – Vrazogrnce, Kratovo region (Георгиев 1992, 105–118; 1993, 85, T. I, 1, 2). This type of decoration is very rare in the area south of Lower South Morava valley, but there are few inds from the region of Vranje (Булатовић 2007, T. V, 32, 37, 43, 44), and it’s well attested at Pernik also (Mихайлов 2005, 23, Т. III, 6; T. V, 14, 15; T. VI, 6, 16). Another type of ornament is connecting Pelince with Pernik – it is a so called ish-bone decoration (Mихайлов 2005, 23, T. III, 1), here in combination with encrusted triangles and/or horizontal channels (Pl. III/6–8). Until now, this type of ornaments was unknown for the territory of R. Macedonia, and they are lacking in the South Morava valley and Eastern Kosovo also. It is attested in the area of Southwestern Bulgaria (Pernik, Galabnik), but the chronology is different – the Late Bronze Age for Galabnik (Георгиева 2003, 164, T. III, 11) and the Iron Age for Krakra, Pernik. At Pelince, all of the fragments are from a single layer, contemporary with the „S“ stamps, and therefore, they are from the Early Iron Age. There are remains of houses from this layer, with rectangular shapes, stone walls with plaster from the inside, and columns with circular 12

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stone foundation for better support.

Beneath it, there’s beginning to appear a soil mixed with ashes and traces of ire. It is obvious that the settlement under this layer was destroyed. Above the destroyed settlement, fragments of inverted facetted rims (Pl. IV/6, 7), sometimes ornamented with oval stamps (Pl. IV/1, 2), smaller vessels decorated with engraved lines and impressed circles (Pl. IV/3), horizontal handles with impressed circles (Pl. IV/4) and large dishes with incised elongated triangles (Pl. IV/5) are the only inds.

This horizon is preserved mostly on the north half of the site, close to its edges, and always mixed with ash. No building foundations have yet been discovered.

The previous horizon is very thin, preserved sporadically, and it can’t be followed through the whole area. Very indicative for the chronology of the layer are „S“ proiled bowls and „nipple“ handles (Pl. V/1) , large dishes with diagonally cut rim and inger imprints imitating channels (Pl. V/2), „knee“ handles with a fan-like broadening at the top (Pl. V/12) and rims with ring on the inner part – the brnjica type of rims (Pl. V/3). The ornaments are engraved triangles illed with large, oval imprints (Pl. V/4, 5), incised triangles (Pl. V/6–8) and groups of vertically and horizontally incised lines (Pl. V/9, 11).

The inds from this layer have been dated in the Early Bronze Age, as a result of a conclusion that the people who were using the nearby sanctuary lived on the plateau of the hill (Георгиев 1991, 93; Ѓеорѓиевски 1992, T. VIII, 1–4; Трајковска 1998, 8). But, the brnjica type of rims, „S“ proiled bowls and the decoration speaks that all of the indings from this layer are from the Late Bronze Age (Стојић 2001, Т. I, 10, 18–22; Булатовић 2005, Т. I, 4, 8; T. II, 1, 3; 2007, T. IV, 26), which doesn’t mean that we should not expect the Early Bronze Age horizon to be unearthed somewhere on the site.

As a conclusion, the oldest conirmed settlement on the Gradiste hill can be dated in the late bronze age. According to the typical pottery shapes, it can be included in the so-called brnjica cultural group (Brnjica IB according to Stojić; BrD – HaA1 according to Reinecke). The settlement was destroyed in a ire, which resulted with building fortiications in the next period. The defensive tumulus and a row were added on its eastern side, which is connected with the surrounding hills, and therefore, it is the most vulnerable point. Above the oldest settlement, the new one was 13

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build, with a majority of channeled pottery with northern origin,1 and this data allows us to include this site in to the group of the other late bronze age sites who were destroyed in the migration period – HaA2 (Булатовић 2007, 38–41). But, the habitation continued, and we ind the irst ornaments with oval stamps and elongated triangles on the adopted shapes of northern origin, together with the evaluated autochthones shapes. That is an occurrence typical for the most of the sites from the transitional period in the South Morava and Pčinja Basin (Bulatović 2009, 61–62).

The Early Iron Age is recognizable by the domination of stamped pottery – mostly with false cord, but sometimes, a different ornaments were used – the „S“ stamps and „ish-bone“ stamps. The false cord ornament is common among the most of the Early Iron Age sites in the Northeast Macedonia, Southern Serbia and Western Bulgaria (see above), but the other two ornament types are lacking in the region of Upper Vardar, Pčinja and Bregalnica Basin.

The iron age is represented with variety of pottery shapes, decorated with rectangular imprints and half-moon stamps. The fragments with tremolo lines can be dated in the second half of the VII c. B.C., before the irst wheel-made examples, decorated in the manner of Lower Vardar pottery.

In the early antique horizon, the gray pottery with hellenized and autochthones shapes is dominating. Since there aren’t inds from the Hellenistic period (IV – III c. B.C.), we believe that at the beginning of the second half of the IV century, the settlement was abandoned.

A few years ago, there was a theory that all of the LBA/IA sites along the Upper South Morava and Pčinja Basin, on which identical development of pottery shapes and ornamentation as at Pelince were noticed, should be threatened as a single cultural group – Pčinja group (Bulatović 2009, 57–82). We believe that in this group, most of the sites from Bregalnica Basin and Ovce Pole should be included as well, since there is identical evolution of pottery shapes and ornaments in the EAE and IA period2 (Георгиев 1994, 15–31; Nacev 2009, 34–36). However, the fragments with „S“ stamps, ish-bone ornaments and the tremolo lines clearly shows inluence from the Basarabi culture. Only the future excavations will show us Type Gava-Belegis II, or, more correctly, channeled pottery type from Iron Age Ib of the Morava Culture (Stojić 1986, 90–92; Bulatović 2009, fn. 9).

2 The transitional period is still unknown for this area.

1

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whether those contacts came from the north (following the South Morava Basin) or there was a penetration from the east, along the Kriva Reka and Dragovistica valley, and did those incursions had an ethnic implications for the region.

Speaking about the ethnicity of Pčinja cultural group, there are three different opinions: the bearers were Dardanians, Paeonians (Agrianes) and Thraco-Tribalian mixture.

The Dardanian theory is based on the similar evolution of the stamped and engraved pottery and the later appearance of the grey ware on the territory were, in LBA, the Brnjica cultural group (created by the proto-dardanians) had its evolution (Srejović 1973, 62 ff; Stojić 2003, 119–142; Tasić 2003, 39–62; 2003a: 69; Bulatović 2009, 64–66). We believe that, as irst, it is almost impossible to connect the settlers of the Pčinja region from the LBA with the Dardanians mentioned in the IV–III c. B.C., since there is an almost one millennium gap (for the historical sources about Dardanians, see: Papazoglu 1969, 104–208). At that period, probably none of the Brnjica group settlements remains untouched from the foreign incursions, especially in the migrations that followed in the transitional period (Булатовић 2009, 102–104). The adopted pottery of northern origin speaks that many of those tribes, on their way to south, stayed here for a long time, and there must have been an ethnic implications as well, that lead to a disintegration of the previous culture (Лазић 2008, 53–74). As second, the pottery decorated with the rectangular imprints is registered on a wide territory - NE Macedonia, Southern Serbia and Kosovo and SW Bulgaria, a territory which does not corresponded with the descriptions that we have about the Dardanians. And, as third, the period when the Dardanians will be mentioned in the antique sources for the irst time as the inhabitants of this region and hostile neighbors of Paeonians (Polyaenus IV: 12,3) and Thracian Maedi (Strabo VII. 5.7) -i.e.

IV c. B.C., correspond with the abandonment of the sites that were in use through the whole LBA, transitional and Iron Age period (Ѓеорѓиевски 1993, 56; Микулчиќ 1982, 20–21; Георгиев 1991, 101).

The archaeological excavations carried out in the region where Brnjica cultural group was attested could give us similar conclusions as well. If we assume that the spiritual culture is much more indicative than the material culture, then the different types of burials registered in the Pčinja valley and Vranje-Bujanovac region – inhumation under tumuli 15

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or lat necropolises (Санев 1966; Трајковска 1994, 19, сл. 4; Булатовић 1996–1997, 5–14; Станковски 2006, 93–114; 2008, 135–152) and the ones registered on Kosovo – cremation (Тасић 1999, 172–184; Luci 2007, 347–359) is another argument that there was at least two different cultural groups in the pointed region (Bulatović 2009, 64; Stojić 2006, 73– 84). As a contrast to the tumuli burials in Strnovac (Станковски 2008, 135–152), stands, almost contemporary, the cremations from Hipodrom, Skopje (Mitrevski 1994, 115–124) and the cremations from Western Necropolis at Stobi3 (Митревски 1997, 313). But, again, except the burial ritual of cremation (which is common for the Central European Urnield culture), there are no typological features of the Brnjica material culture4.

This speaks that, so far, there is a big lack of arguments for including the communities from Pčinja and Upper Vardar region among the bearers of the Brnjica cultural group, and thus, connected them with the Dardanians.

The ethnicity from the Pčinja region was identiied with Peonians as well (Hammond 1972, 82–83; Соколовска 1990, 9–35; Митревски 1997, 194–196; Petrova 1999, 67–71; Garašanin 1997, 44–45) . Some of the scholars are going further, and indentiied the tribe as Agrianes. The ancient sources are single voiced in locating the tribe of Agrianes in the Upper Struma region, that is, at its source (Strabo VII. Frg. 36, 37; Thycidides II. 96.3). But, for almost 20 years, the western boundaries of the territory of the Agrianes has been located near the source of Vardar, at NW of Macedonia, and as a result of this opinion, all the territories between those two river-sources (including the Pčinja region) are ascribed to Agrianes (Соколовска 1990, 9–35; Георгиев 1992, 94, 95; Соколовска 1995, 37, 38; Митревски 1997, 194–196; Petrova 1999, 61; Соколовска 2005, 137; 2011, 215–245). As a main argument, the fragment 36 of well known Geography of Strabo, book VII, is used, in which, according to scholars, Strabo strictly says that not only the source of Strymon, but the source of Axius (Vardar) is on the territory of Agrianes. But, actually, Strabo only states that „Not only the Axius lows out of the country of the Paeonians, but also the Strymon, for it lows out of the country of the Agrianes through that of the Medi and Sinti and empties into the parts that are between the Bisaltae and the Odomantes“ (Strabo VII, Fr. 36). Therefore, the territory of Northern Macedonia was never attested as the homeland of Agrianes, 3 4

Notice their position on the main Balkan communication.

No brnjica type of rims, or bi-conical extensions on the handles are among the inds.

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and knowing almost nothing about the Iron Age and Early Antique period at the area of Vardar source (Polog region), the attribution of those territories to Paeonians should be treated with caution.

Still, there are enough arguments for presupposing the Peonian ethnicity in the Pčinja region. It is obvious that in the Iron Age, the same cultural manifestations visible at Bregalnica (Astibo) region (which, in the early antique period is attested as Paeonian area) are recognizable in the whole NE Macedonia, including Pčinja valley. As irst, the common burial ritual of inhumation under tumuli or lat necropolises (Mитревски 1997, 87–96), the presence of macedonian (paeonian) cult bronzes (Митревски 1988, 83–103) and the priestess burials (Mitrevski 2007, 563–583; Temov 2007, 657–667), the presence of Lower Vardar matt painted pottery, the coins of Derones (Петрова 1994, 9–16; Mитровић 2005, 59–87), the implement of the Doric order on the buildings (Мatthews and Neidinger 2011, 15–17) and other common manifestations of the civilization seems enough to include those tribes in the northern Paeonian koine. Moreover, there is continuity in the evolution of the pottery shapes and ornamentation, along with the burial ritual from Eаrly Iron Age to the period when the independent Paeonians from Thucydides (II. 96 seq.) description of Sitalkes` invasion of Macedonia in 429 B.C., appears beyond the upper low of Strymon , i.e. in the Ovce Pole and Bregalnica region. Those regions, as we saw, have similar features with the sites from Pčinja valley, and were part of the same cultural group.

The Thraco-Tribalian theory is based on a previously published materials with “S” stamps, a type of decoration that is typical for the socalled Bassarabi culture (Георгиев 1992, 116, 117; 1993, 81–96; 1994, 17, 18). New founds of the same type from Pelince and Vranje region, as well as the tremolo pottery discovered at Pelince and Volkovo, speaks that Bassarabi inluence is not an isolated case, and, at least, its speaks of developed contacts with the Thraco-Tribalian region. This connections continued in the early antique period as well, since we have a distribution of the so called Thracian ibulae in the Pčinja valley – Makreš (Георгиев 1991, 97, сл. 6/10) and Katlanovo (Ристов 1999, 113–134).5 Whether those contact resulted with a mixing of ethnicity in the NE Macedonia Another two examples of this type of unknown provenance are in the museum of Kumanovo (unpublished). For the western penetration of Thracian ibulae, see Vasić 2000, 13–20.

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region, as Z. Georgiev concluded almost 20 years ago, should be a matter of future investigations.

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Дејан С. Ђорђиевски Национална установа Музеј Куманово Република Македонија КУЛТУРНА СТРАТИГРАФИЈА ЛОКАЛИТЕТА ГРАДИШТЕ У БЛИЗИНИ СЕЛА ПЕЛИНЦА, РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА Резиме Градиште код села Пелинцa је најсевернији македонски локалитет, само 5 km удаљен од српске границе. Налази се на десној обали Пчиње, у близини раскршћа две веома важне трасе – једне, која преко долине Пчиње повезује Врањско-бујановачки регион са долином Вардара, и друге, која спаја северне области Републике Македоније са западном Бугарском (карте 1–2, сл.1). Најстарији археолошки потврђен хоризонт на локалитету потиче из касног бронзаног доба. Веома је оштећен каснијим укопима и не може се сагледати у целини. Према малом броју налаза (Т. V), очигледно је да припада брњичкој култури (Брњица II, BrD – HaA1) и да је страдао у једном таласу миграције носилаца канеловане керамике. После рушења аутохтоног насеља, изграђени су утврђење и одбрамбени ров са тумулом на источној страни. Налази из прелазног периода нису довољни да се изгради боља стратиграфска слика; ипак, очигледно је да је на слоју пепела који покрива хоризонт из касног бронзаног доба присутна канелована керамика (T. IV/6, 7), која је спорадично украшавана овалним убодима (T. IV/1–4), а затим и убодима у виду ситних издужених троуглова (HaA2 – HaB1) (T. IV/5), да би већ у раном гвозденом добу (HaB1 – HaB3) доминантан мотив постао лажни шнур (T. III/3–5), али се јављају и други жигосани мотиви: S (T. III/1, 2) и мотив рибље кости (T. III/6–8). Старија фаза гвозденог доба (HaC) обележена је употребом керамике украшене правоугаоним отисцима у низу, без жлеба (T. II/6, 7, 10, 11), а касније се јављају и други мотиви – полумесечасти жигови (T. II/3) и тремоло керамика (T. II/1, 2). Током VI века п.н.е. јављају се и прве посуде израђене на витлу, украшене у маниру доњовардарске тракасто бојене керамикe (T. 23

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I/13), да би већ у V веку п.н.е. сива керамика постала доминантна (T. I/1–11). Због недостатка налаза који би се могли датовати у IV–III век п.н.е., можемо закључити да се живот на овом месту тада завршио. Преглед развоја керамике и начина њеног украшавања показује да се Градиште може уврстити у типичне локалитете пчињске културне групе. Историјски извори су оскудни у погледу описа ове регије, па је скоро немогуће закључити ко су били носиоци ове културе. Локалитет је на граници између пеонских, дарданских и трачких племена, чији су утицаји очигледни.

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Pl. I Wheel made pottery T. I Керамика рађена на витлу

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Pl. II Iron Age pottery T. II Керамика из гвозденог доба

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Pl. III Early Iron Age pottery T. III Керамика из раног гвозденог доба

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Pl. IV Pottery of the Transitional period T. IV Керамика из прелазног периода

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Pl. V Late Bronze Age pottery T. V Керамика из касног бронзаног доба

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