3D SHIBORI
TRANSFORMABLE MATTER
AA Intermediate 13 YULIA BYKOVA
Tought by Soomeen Hahm
CONTENTS introduction
chapter i: research - inspiration - ingredients - technique
chapter ii: initial material experiments - material behaviour - physical exploration - hardening - exploration of fabrication - further physical experiments
chapter iii: material studies - part I - summary - part II - effect
chapter iv: digital studies - initial 3D modelling - fabrication attempts I - modelling a component - pattern studies - fabrication attempts II - model of a component
chapter iv: architectural scale - back to the material studies - proposal
INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, the requirements for efficient architectural constructions are becoming more and more complex, hence in order to meet them there is a growing tendency of referring to already existing materials with a goal to improve their behaviour and structural perfor-
mance. Moreover, the technology and trends are changing faster then ever, which adds an obligation for architecture to become ‘flexible’ in order to meet the needs of society. That means that we are seeking for a solution for the ability to quickly plug in either a new function or application to respond the demand.
The development of digital simulation tools and digital fabrication allowed us to produce the most efficient structures, which meet the specific criteria for the particular environment. However, the potential of such structures to be changeable and adoptable through time
still could be explored further. The tools for digital simulation mentioned before are available for us to analyse how the material could be improved and performed in a better way.
Therefore, ‘3D shibori’ project is aiming for finding a solution for creating the type of architecture, which could be plugged in and adjusted specifically for certain conditions without change of the structure itself, only by manipulating the qualities of certain components of it. The fabric is not widely utilized as an architectural material, due to its limited structural performance and flexibility. However, the project is trying to benefit from those qualities. By exploring the combination of two materials: shape-memorizing fabric and resin, the first being a mould and the second acting as a hardener, there was achieved a synthesise of both lightweight, rigid and waterproof structure. The peculiarity of the structure’s fabrication is the use of gravity and initial frame, which allows it to grow in various directions, without facing the spatial limits and restrictions. The structure could be plugged in to anywhere, acting either as an independent architectural element of as an addition to an existing structure, adding a new spatial quality or function (opacity, rigidity, flexibility...)
INSPIRATION / REFERENCES Examples of pattern generation on different kinds of fabrics, both with a 3D shibori technique and ways of sewing.
Silk organza, shibori-technique, 4*1.40 m, shaped in the form of a human body, exhibition “Paustian”, Copenhagen 2003.
Pleated patterns with manipulated fabric textures; layered white fashion details , Issey Miyake SS15
structural references
Formal references with a principle of ‘growing and multiplying components’ , which are aggregated into certain volumes.
Ceramics , Carl Richard Soderstrom
Issey Miyake SS15
Textile sculptures
INSPIRATION / REFERENCES
Space made in foam: Duration: 10 minutes , 1.200 m³ foam per minute. COOP HIMMELBLAUWolf D. Prix, Helmut Swiczinsky, Michael Holzer
Swiss Pavillion, Bienalle 2017 , Christian Kerez
Soft Space : From a representation of Form to a Simulation of Space Yves Klein with architect Claude Parent - Fontaine de Feu , 1959
Covent Garden Installation, Charles Pétillon AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova
7
INGREDIENTS
initial material research
In order to find and ideal combination of fabric, infill material, and assembly tool, several test with the following ingredients were made
material
- thermostatic synthetic fabrics
Lightweight chiffon
Lightweight polyester
Polyester felt
Wool balls, radius 1 cm
Bouncing balls, radius 2cm
Hair bands
Paper clips
infill material
Polyester balls, various radiuses
assembly tools
Thread
Coins
Cotton wool (the only soft material)
aquarium pebbles
AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova
9
MATERIAL EXPERIMENTS physical exploration
Using different types of fabric , studying how the shape and thickness of the component affects the outcome, introducing a grid to control the placement of the components
heavy polyester fabric
21 cm
31 cm
Coins
felt
Wooden triangle thick
chiffon
aquarium pebbles
Wooden cylinder
Wooden cube
Wooden triangle thin
AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova 11
MATERIAL EXPERIMENTS
hardening and evaluation [a,b,c]
Experimenting with shape memorizing hardening material. In order to achieve the required rigidity, there have been made several tests, through which there was found the most suitable one - resin.
paraffin wax
+
TIME B: melting and complete drying is time consuming AESTHETICS B: wax produces cracks on surface and leaves solid bits of itself, which is undesirable
RIGIDITY B: partly reduces the flexibility of material
plaster
resin
+
TIME B: plaster dries very fast, which is a problem AESTHETICS C: very poor outcome in terms of aesthetics RIGIDITY C: does not affect the flexibility of material
+
TIME B: application is quite fast, however the drying time is 24 hours or more
AESTHETICS A: the hardener is rarely visible and does not change the fabric initial properties
RIGIDITY A: reduces the flexibility 100%
AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova 13
EXPLORATION OF FABRICATION
exploring the different ways of fabrication and assembly tools As the previous tests were made via boiling and with a use of thread, which was quite time-consuming, there was a need to explore more efficient ways of fabrication.
boiling Boiling requires maximum 30 minutes for chiffon fabric to be cooked, it has such limitation as the capacity of the pan.
steaming In contrast to boiling, steaming seems to be better option for working on a larger scale, in this case we can use a machine, which produces steam. This provides unlimited possibilities in terms of scale. However, in terms of the time aspect, it requires more than 30 minutes to be successful.
paper clips
=
This assembly tool appeared to be more timeconsuming during the prefabrication, but saved time during the disassembling ; in terms of the output not less efficient than thread. However, the thread provided more denser distribution of the components.
tiny hair bands Tiny hair bands were constantly breaking, hence making the fabrication slower. Moreover, they were melting during the boiling.
AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova 15
EXPLORATION OF FABRICATION cotton wool
At the very beginning it was a problem to find spherical components of different scales, some of them appear to be ether shrinking during the boiling or expensive. That is why the cotton wool tests were made, as it is cheap and allows to work on a larger scale. However, it could not be used as a main material, because it is soft and the shape tends to be uncontrolled.
AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova 17
MATERIAL STUDY / PART 1
phase i : study of the relationship between shape of the component and time Fabrication time is quite important aspect, which should be considered and researched in order to make the process most efficient.
component
/ radius
prefabrication time
boiling
unbinding time
2 mins + 1sec= 2 mins 1 sec
7.5 cm x 1
2 min
3.5 cm x 5
2 cm x 11
3.5 min
30-50 MINUTES
3.5 min + 1 min = 4.5 min 1 ball = 9 sek
6.8 min + 3 min = 9.8 min 1 ball = 89 sek
6.8 min
8.38 min + 5.3 min = 13.68min 1 ball = 72 sek
1.5 cm x 19
8.38 min
phase ii : analysing results
- shrinkage, wrinkling
In each an every sample, there was always used the same amount of fabric, but different size of components, studied previously.
chiffon
polyester
felt
63 %
63 %
50 %
77 %
74 %
57 %
75 %
75 %
66 %
78 %
76 %
62 % AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova 19
SUMMARY OF THE MATERIAL STUDY / PART 1 phase iii : observing the qualities of samples ics (transparency, form), rigidity [A,B,C]
- time (prefabrication + drying), shrinkage, aesthet-
All these qualities discovered previously, help to take the control over material and get a better understanding of its behaviour.
chiffon
polyester
felt
t-
TIME
A: the fastest drying and boiling time SHRINKAGE
63%+77%+75%+78% : 4
C : 73%
AESTHETICS
A : transparency RIGIDITY
C
SPECIAL COMMENT available for steaming
TIME
B: longer drying time
SHRINKAGE 63%+74%+75%+76% : 4
72%
AESTHETICS
B
RIGIDITY
B
SPECIAL COMMENT
5 components - hardly hold the shape
TIME
C longest drying time (even with hairdryer) SHRINKAGE 50%+57%+66%+62% : 4
59%
AESTHETICS
C
RIGIDITY
A SPECIAL COMMENT the least amount of wrinThese pieces have the most average results, therefore, they were taken to explore the second part of the material research hardening.
kles, however most stable
AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova 21
ARCHITECTURAL SCALE RESEARCH
resin application in different stages of stretch. These test are essential for understanding the potential of structure to be adjustable to certain circumstances & environments.
100 % stretch
6 hours
texture
the most transparent one
50 % stretch
25 % stretch
12,5 % stretch
exploration of the stretch properties provide understanding of potential structural behaviour, the wax paper was used to prevent resin from sticking to the base.
before the resin fully cures , we already see the material’s ability to perform without support.
4 different textures were created thought the stretching stages. Those should be explored further to study their performance in terms of relationship of texture between rigidity, transparency and others.
the least transparent one
AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova 23
MATERIAL EXPLORATION / EFFECT aesthetic aspect of the material
It is very important to take into consideration not only the properties of material’s structural performance, but also its aesthetic in relation to the environment. These particular examples illustrate material’s transparency and performance with light.
AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova 25
FABRICATION ATTEMPTS I
understanding the material on
1 : 1 scale - chair prototype
Unsuccessful trials of chair fabrication, which gave deeper understanding of the material on a large scale.
AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova 27
DIGITAL STUDIES / PART I modelling a component
- pattern studies (input - output)
My 3D modelling relies on the texture map, which is created due to the particular pattern. There are two ways of generating a pattern: 1)Automatically in Maya or 2) Painting a pattern manually - Photoshop. Those have been tested with constant Encloth simulation settings and similar spherical shape.
automatic pattern
grid pattern
most successful pattern
random pattern
manually generated random circular pattern
manually generated pentagon grid
manually generated square grid
manually generated pentagon pattern
manually generated square pattern AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova 29
FABRICATION ATTEMPTS II
modelling a component part 1
- introducing the use of gravity
Due to the failed first fabrication attempt (the spherical shape was lost after the resin application), there was a need to find a way not to loose the structure. The use of gravity almost solves the problem by striating the surface naturally, when it is hanging upsidedown.
inputs
fabrication
AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova 31
FABRICATION ATTEMPTS II modelling a component
-
part 2 creating enclosure
The peculiarity of fabrication of this particular component is that its growth is unlimited. After the first stage, the resin was cured in 24 hours and it gave the possibility to add more parts simply stitching them together and hanging with tension.
AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova 33
AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova 35
DIGITAL STUDIES / PART II chair design iterations
Attempts to use the discovered 3D modelling design language to create an object.
AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova 37
chapter v: architectural scale research - Site: Pamukkale , Turkey
AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova 39
GLOBAL SITE ANALYSES pamukkale
- turkey , denizli
AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova 41
REGIONAL SITE ANALYSES
TYPOGRAPHY
FLORA & FAUNA
CIRC
Altitude
TYPOGRAPHY 366 metres
FLORA & FAUNA
Altitude
pools
366 metres
dry pools trees
pools dry pools trees
lake channels
358 metres
358 metres
lake channels
CIRCULATION
PEDESTRIAN ACCESS
CIRCULATION
PEDESTRIAN ACCESS
primary roads secondary roads,primary paths roads parking
entrance to the site
entrance to the site
secondary roads, paths parking
traces of the historic city traces of the Hierapolis historic city Hierapolis
walking routes
walking routes
shuttle to Pamukkale stop
shuttle to Pamukkale stop
AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova 43
SUN PATH ANALYSES stereographic diagram Extreme weather conditions Up to 40o during the summer
21 st May
21 st Apr
21 st Mar
21 st Feb
121 st Jan
Directionality
12 am , highest point above the horizon , solstice
21 st Dec
21 st June 21 st July
21 st Aug
21 st Sep
21 st Oct
21 st Nov
AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova 45
INSPIRATION / REFERENCES
Third Natures by Cristina Díaz Moreno & Efrén Ga Grinda (amid.cero9)
Wrapped Coast , Christo and Jeanne- Claude
Thomas Saraceno “Lighter than Air”
Liverpool/Flying Garden/Air-Port-City, 2008 // Cloud Cities
Haus Rucker Co : Sphere for two AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova 47
TYPOLOGY Panel, surrounding one person physical model development scale 1 :10
blueprint i
allocation of the components
shrinkage
50 X 50 cm
18 x 18 cm
50 X 100 cm
18 x 36
50 X 150 cm
18 x 54
6 mm - 197 spheres 8 mm - 23 spheres 10 mm 29 spheres 12 mm - 65 spheres 15 mm - 8 spheres
blueprint ii 6 mm - 325 spheres 8 mm - 57 spheres 10 mm 104 spheres 12 mm - 78 spheres 15 mm - 46 spheres
blueprint iii 6 mm - 439 spheres 8 mm - 202 spheres 10 mm 172 spheres 12 mm - 78 spheres 15 mm - 50 spheres
points of fixation
fitting inside the frame 30 x 30 cm Threads: 1) 17 cm 2) 22 cm 3) 17 cm 4) 19 cm 5) 9 cm 6) 18 cm
Threads: 1) 13 cm 2) 24 cm 3) 18 cm 4) 15 cm 5) 9 cm 6) 7 cm 7) 21 cm 8) 11 cm 9) 16 cm 10) 10 cm
Threads: 1) 11 cm 2) 23 cm 3) 15 cm 4) 12 cm 5) 9 cm 6) 20 cm
2 5 3 1
4 6
2
3
8
7 1
4 9 6
5
10
2 1 3
6 5
4
AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova 49
FABRICATION scale 1 :10
AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova 51
SCENARIO
arrangement studies
I panels separately - no enclosure
II rearrangement around the pools
connections with flexible part - semi enclosed balance the imperfections of landscape expand the space
AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova 53
INTERIOR VIEWS
AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova 55
SITE ANALYSES - STEAM FORMATION translation to design language Visibility / Density of steam depends on: I Dimension of the source (depth, width,length) II Shape (how does the curvature affect the form?)
POOL TYPOLOGY Average Width : 1-2 m up to 30 m Average Depth : 1-2 cmup to 1 m
WATER CHANNELS Average Depth : 40 cm 49,96 m
2 cm deep
75,62 m 72,89 m 78,15 m
10 cm deep
85,40 m 93,82 m 125,97 m
50 cm deep
137,03 m 168,0 m
1 m deep
381,11 m 1,76 m
3,52 m
7,04 m 14,08 m
28,6 m
AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova 57
SCENARIO Growth
7 WEEKS
6 WEEKS
5 WEEKS
4 WEEKS
3 WEEKS
entrance , tickets, reception
lounge are / transformable space
shops
cafe
changing rooms
2 WEEKS
1 WEEK
AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova 59