AA Int13 2016/17_3D SHIBORI

3D SHIBORI

TRANSFORMABLE MATTER

AA Intermediate 13 YULIA BYKOVA

Tought by Soomeen Hahm

CONTENTS introduction

chapter i: research - inspiration - ingredients - technique

chapter ii: initial material experiments - material behaviour - physical exploration - hardening - exploration of fabrication - further physical experiments

chapter iii: material studies - part I - summary - part II - effect

chapter iv: digital studies - initial 3D modelling - fabrication attempts I - modelling a component - pattern studies - fabrication attempts II - model of a component

chapter iv: architectural scale - back to the material studies - proposal

INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, the requirements for efficient architectural constructions are becoming more and more complex, hence in order to meet them there is a growing tendency of referring to already existing materials with a goal to improve their behaviour and structural perfor-

mance. Moreover, the technology and trends are changing faster then ever, which adds an obligation for architecture to become ‘flexible’ in order to meet the needs of society. That means that we are seeking for a solution for the ability to quickly plug in either a new function or application to respond the demand.

The development of digital simulation tools and digital fabrication allowed us to produce the most efficient structures, which meet the specific criteria for the particular environment. However, the potential of such structures to be changeable and adoptable through time

still could be explored further. The tools for digital simulation mentioned before are available for us to analyse how the material could be improved and performed in a better way.

Therefore, ‘3D shibori’ project is aiming for finding a solution for creating the type of architecture, which could be plugged in and adjusted specifically for certain conditions without change of the structure itself, only by manipulating the qualities of certain components of it. The fabric is not widely utilized as an architectural material, due to its limited structural performance and flexibility. However, the project is trying to benefit from those qualities. By exploring the combination of two materials: shape-memorizing fabric and resin, the first being a mould and the second acting as a hardener, there was achieved a synthesise of both lightweight, rigid and waterproof structure.

The peculiarity of the structure’s fabrication is the use of gravity and initial frame, which allows it to grow in various directions, without facing the spatial limits and restrictions. The structure could be plugged in to anywhere, acting either as an independent architectural element of as an addition to an existing structure, adding a new spatial quality or function (opacity, rigidity, flexibility...)

INSPIRATION / REFERENCES Examples of pattern generation on different kinds of fabrics, both with a 3D shibori technique and ways of sewing.

Silk organza, shibori-technique, 4*1.40 m, shaped in the form of a human body, exhibition “Paustian”, Copenhagen 2003.

Pleated patterns with manipulated fabric textures; layered white fashion details , Issey Miyake SS15

structural references

Formal references with a principle of ‘growing and multiplying components’ , which are aggregated into certain volumes.

Ceramics , Carl Richard Soderstrom

Issey Miyake SS15

Textile sculptures

INSPIRATION / REFERENCES

Space made in foam: Duration: 10 minutes , 1.200 m³ foam per minute.

COOP HIMMELBLAUWolf D. Prix, Helmut Swiczinsky, Michael Holzer

Swiss Pavillion, Bienalle 2017 , Christian Kerez

Soft Space : From a representation of Form to a Simulation of Space Yves Klein with architect Claude Parent - Fontaine de Feu , 1959

Covent Garden Installation, Charles Pétillon AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova

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INGREDIENTS

initial material research

In order to find and ideal combination of fabric, infill material, and assembly tool, several test with the following ingredients were made

material

- thermostatic synthetic fabrics

Lightweight chiffon

Lightweight polyester

Polyester felt

Wool balls, radius 1 cm

Bouncing balls, radius 2cm

Hair bands

Paper clips

infill material

Polyester balls, various radiuses

assembly tools

Thread

Coins

Cotton wool (the only soft material)

aquarium pebbles

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MATERIAL EXPERIMENTS physical exploration

Using different types of fabric , studying how the shape and thickness of the component affects the outcome, introducing a grid to control the placement of the components

heavy polyester fabric

21 cm

31 cm

Coins

felt

Wooden triangle thick

chiffon

aquarium pebbles

Wooden cylinder

Wooden cube

Wooden triangle thin

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MATERIAL EXPERIMENTS

hardening and evaluation [a,b,c]

Experimenting with shape memorizing hardening material.

In order to achieve the required rigidity, there have been made several tests, through which there was found the most suitable one - resin.

paraffin wax

+

TIME B: melting and complete drying is time consuming AESTHETICS B: wax produces cracks on surface and leaves solid bits of itself, which is undesirable

RIGIDITY B: partly reduces the flexibility of material

plaster

resin

+

TIME B: plaster dries very fast, which is a problem AESTHETICS C: very poor outcome in terms of aesthetics RIGIDITY C: does not affect the flexibility of material

+

TIME B: application is quite fast, however the drying time is 24 hours or more

AESTHETICS A: the hardener is rarely visible and does not change the fabric initial properties

RIGIDITY A: reduces the flexibility 100%

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EXPLORATION OF FABRICATION

exploring the different ways of fabrication and assembly tools As the previous tests were made via boiling and with a use of thread, which was quite time-consuming, there was a need to explore more efficient ways of fabrication.

boiling Boiling requires maximum 30 minutes for chiffon fabric to be cooked, it has such limitation as the capacity of the pan.

steaming In contrast to boiling, steaming seems to be better option for working on a larger scale, in this case we can use a machine, which produces steam. This provides unlimited possibilities in terms of scale. However, in terms of the time aspect, it requires more than 30 minutes to be successful.

paper clips

=

This assembly tool appeared to be more timeconsuming during the prefabrication, but saved time during the disassembling ; in terms of the output not less efficient than thread.

However, the thread provided more denser distribution of the components.

tiny hair bands Tiny hair bands were constantly breaking, hence making the fabrication slower. Moreover, they were melting during the boiling.

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EXPLORATION OF FABRICATION cotton wool

At the very beginning it was a problem to find spherical components of different scales, some of them appear to be ether shrinking during the boiling or expensive. That is why the cotton wool tests were made, as it is cheap and allows to work on a larger scale.

However, it could not be used as a main material, because it is soft and the shape tends to be uncontrolled.

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MATERIAL STUDY / PART 1

phase i : study of the relationship between shape of the component and time Fabrication time is quite important aspect, which should be considered and researched in order to make the process most efficient.

component

/ radius

prefabrication time

boiling

unbinding time

2 mins + 1sec= 2 mins 1 sec

7.5 cm x 1

2 min

3.5 cm x 5

2 cm x 11

3.5 min

30-50 MINUTES

3.5 min + 1 min = 4.5 min 1 ball = 9 sek

6.8 min + 3 min = 9.8 min 1 ball = 89 sek

6.8 min

8.38 min + 5.3 min = 13.68min 1 ball = 72 sek

1.5 cm x 19

8.38 min

phase ii : analysing results

- shrinkage, wrinkling

In each an every sample, there was always used the same amount of fabric, but different size of components, studied previously.

chiffon

polyester

felt

63 %

63 %

50 %

77 %

74 %

57 %

75 %

75 %

66 %

78 %

76 %

62 % AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova 19

SUMMARY OF THE MATERIAL STUDY / PART 1 phase iii : observing the qualities of samples ics (transparency, form), rigidity [A,B,C]

- time (prefabrication + drying), shrinkage, aesthet-

All these qualities discovered previously, help to take the control over material and get a better understanding of its behaviour.

chiffon

polyester

felt

t-

TIME

A: the fastest drying and boiling time SHRINKAGE

63%+77%+75%+78% : 4

C : 73%

AESTHETICS

A : transparency RIGIDITY

C

SPECIAL COMMENT available for steaming

TIME

B: longer drying time

SHRINKAGE 63%+74%+75%+76% : 4

72%

AESTHETICS

B

RIGIDITY

B

SPECIAL COMMENT

5 components - hardly hold the shape

TIME

C longest drying time (even with hairdryer) SHRINKAGE 50%+57%+66%+62% : 4

59%

AESTHETICS

C

RIGIDITY

A SPECIAL COMMENT the least amount of wrinThese pieces have the most average results, therefore, they were taken to explore the second part of the material research hardening.

kles, however most stable

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ARCHITECTURAL SCALE RESEARCH

resin application in different stages of stretch.

These test are essential for understanding the potential of structure to be adjustable to certain circumstances & environments.

100 % stretch

6 hours

texture

the most transparent one

50 % stretch

25 % stretch

12,5 % stretch

exploration of the stretch properties provide understanding of potential structural behaviour, the wax paper was used to prevent resin from sticking to the base.

before the resin fully cures , we already see the material’s ability to perform without support.

4 different textures were created thought the stretching stages. Those should be explored further to study their performance in terms of relationship of texture between rigidity, transparency and others.

the least transparent one

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MATERIAL EXPLORATION / EFFECT aesthetic aspect of the material

It is very important to take into consideration not only the properties of material’s structural performance, but also its aesthetic in relation to the environment. These particular examples illustrate material’s transparency and performance with light.

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FABRICATION ATTEMPTS I

understanding the material on

1 : 1 scale - chair prototype

Unsuccessful trials of chair fabrication, which gave deeper understanding of the material on a large scale.

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DIGITAL STUDIES / PART I modelling a component

- pattern studies (input - output)

My 3D modelling relies on the texture map, which is created due to the particular pattern. There are two ways of generating a pattern: 1)Automatically in Maya or 2) Painting a pattern manually - Photoshop. Those have been tested with constant Encloth simulation settings and similar spherical shape.

automatic pattern

grid pattern

most successful pattern

random pattern

manually generated random circular pattern

manually generated pentagon grid

manually generated square grid

manually generated pentagon pattern

manually generated square pattern AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova 29

FABRICATION ATTEMPTS II

modelling a component part 1

- introducing the use of gravity

Due to the failed first fabrication attempt (the spherical shape was lost after the resin application), there was a need to find a way not to loose the structure. The use of gravity almost solves the problem by striating the surface naturally, when it is hanging upsidedown.

inputs

fabrication

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FABRICATION ATTEMPTS II modelling a component

-

part 2 creating enclosure

The peculiarity of fabrication of this particular component is that its growth is unlimited. After the first stage, the resin was cured in 24 hours and it gave the possibility to add more parts simply stitching them together and hanging with tension.

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DIGITAL STUDIES / PART II chair design iterations

Attempts to use the discovered 3D modelling design language to create an object.

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chapter v: architectural scale research - Site: Pamukkale , Turkey

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GLOBAL SITE ANALYSES pamukkale

- turkey , denizli

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REGIONAL SITE ANALYSES

TYPOGRAPHY

FLORA & FAUNA

CIRC

Altitude

TYPOGRAPHY 366 metres

FLORA & FAUNA

Altitude

pools

366 metres

dry pools trees

pools dry pools trees

lake channels

358 metres

358 metres

lake channels

CIRCULATION

PEDESTRIAN ACCESS

CIRCULATION

PEDESTRIAN ACCESS

primary roads secondary roads,primary paths roads parking

entrance to the site

entrance to the site

secondary roads, paths parking

traces of the historic city traces of the Hierapolis historic city Hierapolis

walking routes

walking routes

shuttle to Pamukkale stop

shuttle to Pamukkale stop

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SUN PATH ANALYSES stereographic diagram Extreme weather conditions Up to 40o during the summer

21 st May

21 st Apr

21 st Mar

21 st Feb

121 st Jan

Directionality

12 am , highest point above the horizon , solstice

21 st Dec

21 st June 21 st July

21 st Aug

21 st Sep

21 st Oct

21 st Nov

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INSPIRATION / REFERENCES

Third Natures by Cristina Díaz Moreno & Efrén Ga Grinda (amid.cero9)

Wrapped Coast , Christo and Jeanne- Claude

Thomas Saraceno “Lighter than Air”

Liverpool/Flying Garden/Air-Port-City, 2008 // Cloud Cities

Haus Rucker Co : Sphere for two AA Int13 3D Shibori | Yulia Bykova 47

TYPOLOGY Panel, surrounding one person physical model development scale 1 :10

blueprint i

allocation of the components

shrinkage

50 X 50 cm

18 x 18 cm

50 X 100 cm

18 x 36

50 X 150 cm

18 x 54

6 mm - 197 spheres 8 mm - 23 spheres 10 mm 29 spheres 12 mm - 65 spheres 15 mm - 8 spheres

blueprint ii 6 mm - 325 spheres 8 mm - 57 spheres 10 mm 104 spheres 12 mm - 78 spheres 15 mm - 46 spheres

blueprint iii 6 mm - 439 spheres 8 mm - 202 spheres 10 mm 172 spheres 12 mm - 78 spheres 15 mm - 50 spheres

points of fixation

fitting inside the frame 30 x 30 cm Threads: 1) 17 cm 2) 22 cm 3) 17 cm 4) 19 cm 5) 9 cm 6) 18 cm

Threads: 1) 13 cm 2) 24 cm 3) 18 cm 4) 15 cm 5) 9 cm 6) 7 cm 7) 21 cm 8) 11 cm 9) 16 cm 10) 10 cm

Threads: 1) 11 cm 2) 23 cm 3) 15 cm 4) 12 cm 5) 9 cm 6) 20 cm

2 5 3 1

4 6

2

3

8

7 1

4 9 6

5

10

2 1 3

6 5

4

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FABRICATION scale 1 :10

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SCENARIO

arrangement studies

I panels separately - no enclosure

II rearrangement around the pools

connections with flexible part - semi enclosed balance the imperfections of landscape expand the space

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INTERIOR VIEWS

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SITE ANALYSES - STEAM FORMATION translation to design language Visibility / Density of steam depends on: I Dimension of the source (depth, width,length) II Shape (how does the curvature affect the form?)

POOL TYPOLOGY Average Width : 1-2 m up to 30 m Average Depth : 1-2 cmup to 1 m

WATER CHANNELS Average Depth : 40 cm 49,96 m

2 cm deep

75,62 m 72,89 m 78,15 m

10 cm deep

85,40 m 93,82 m 125,97 m

50 cm deep

137,03 m 168,0 m

1 m deep

381,11 m 1,76 m

3,52 m

7,04 m 14,08 m

28,6 m

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SCENARIO Growth

7 WEEKS

6 WEEKS

5 WEEKS

4 WEEKS

3 WEEKS

entrance , tickets, reception

lounge are / transformable space

shops

cafe

changing rooms

2 WEEKS

1 WEEK

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